51
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Zhang L, Zhao Q, Jiang Z, Shen J, Wu W, Liu X, Fan Q, Huang W. Recent Progress of SERS Nanoprobe for pH Detecting and Its Application in Biological Imaging. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:282. [PMID: 34436084 PMCID: PMC8392648 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As pH value almost affects the function of cells and organisms in all aspects, in biology, biochemical and many other research fields, it is necessary to apply simple, intuitive, sensitive, stable detection of pH and base characteristics inside and outside the cell. Therefore, many research groups have explored the design and application of pH probes based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In this review article, we discussed the basic theoretical background of explaining the working mechanism of pH SERS sensors, and also briefly described the significance of cell pH measurement, and simply classified and summarized the factors that affected the performance of pH SERS probes. Some applications of pH probes based on surface enhanced Raman scattering in intracellular and extracellular pH imaging and the combination of other analytical detection techniques are described. Finally, the development prospect of this field is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.J.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (Q.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.J.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (Q.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Zhitao Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.J.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (Q.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Jingjing Shen
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.J.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (Q.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Weibing Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Science & Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Xingfen Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.J.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (Q.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Quli Fan
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.J.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (Q.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.J.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (Q.F.); (W.H.)
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
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52
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Eremina OE, Eremin DB, Czaja A, Zavaleta C. Selecting Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Flavors for Multiplexed Imaging Applications: Beyond the Experiment. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5564-5570. [PMID: 34105967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiplexing capabilities and sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanoparticles (NPs) are strongly dependent on the selected Raman reporter. These Raman-active molecules are responsible for giving each batch of SERS NPs its unique spectral fingerprint. Herein, we studied four types of SERS NPs, namely, AuNPs labeled with trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (BPE), 4,4'-bis(mercaptomethyl)biphenyl (BMMBP), 5-(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (PODT), and 5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (PTT), and demonstrated that the best level of theory could be chosen based on inner products of DFT-calculated and experimental Raman spectra. We also calculated the theoretical spectra of these Raman reporters bound to Au20 clusters to interrogate how SERS enhancement would affect their spectral fingerprint. Importantly, we found a correlation between B3LYP-D3 calculated and experimental enhancement factors, which opens up an avenue toward predicting which Raman reporters could offer improved sensitivity. We observed 0.5 and 3 fM limits of detection for BMMBP- and PTT-labeled 60 nm AuNPs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga E Eremina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Dmitry B Eremin
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Alexander Czaja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Cristina Zavaleta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, 1002 Childs Way, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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53
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Ahmed A, Banjac K, Verlekar SS, Cometto FP, Lingenfelder M, Galland C. Structural Order of the Molecular Adlayer Impacts the Stability of Nanoparticle-on-Mirror Plasmonic Cavities. ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:1863-1872. [PMID: 34164567 PMCID: PMC8212294 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Immense field enhancement and nanoscale confinement of light are possible within nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) plasmonic resonators, which enable novel optically activated physical and chemical phenomena and render these nanocavities greatly sensitive to minute structural changes, down to the atomic scale. Although a few of these structural parameters, primarily linked to the nanoparticle and the mirror morphology, have been identified, the impact of molecular assembly and organization of the spacer layer between them has often been left uncharacterized. Here, we experimentally investigate how the complex and reconfigurable nature of a thiol-based self-assembled monolayer (SAM) adsorbed on the mirror surface impacts the optical properties of the NPoMs. We fabricate NPoMs with distinct molecular organizations by controlling the incubation time of the mirror in the thiol solution. Afterward, we investigate the structural changes that occur under laser irradiation by tracking the bonding dipole plasmon mode, while also monitoring Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering from the molecules as a probe of their integrity. First, we find an effective decrease in the SAM height as the laser power increases, compatible with an irreversible change of molecule orientation caused by heating. Second, we observe that the nanocavities prepared with a densely packed and more ordered monolayer of molecules are more prone to changes in their resonance compared to samples with sparser and more disordered SAMs. Our measurements indicate that molecular orientation and packing on the mirror surface play a key role in determining the stability of NPoM structures and hence highlight the under-recognized significance of SAM characterization in the development of NPoM-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel Ahmed
- Laboratory
of Quantum and Nano-Optics and Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karla Banjac
- Max
Planck-EPFL Laboratory for Molecular Nanoscience and Institute of
Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sachin S. Verlekar
- Laboratory
of Quantum and Nano-Optics and Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fernando P. Cometto
- Max
Planck-EPFL Laboratory for Molecular Nanoscience and Institute of
Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Departamento
de Fisicoquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica
de Córdoba, INFIQC−CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Magalí Lingenfelder
- Max
Planck-EPFL Laboratory for Molecular Nanoscience and Institute of
Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- E-mail:
| | - Christophe Galland
- Laboratory
of Quantum and Nano-Optics and Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- E-mail:
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54
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Xomalis A, Zheng X, Demetriadou A, Martínez A, Chikkaraddy R, Baumberg JJ. Interfering Plasmons in Coupled Nanoresonators to Boost Light Localization and SERS. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:2512-2518. [PMID: 33705151 PMCID: PMC7995252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic self-assembled nanocavities are ideal platforms for extreme light localization as they deliver mode volumes of <50 nm3. Here we show that high-order plasmonic modes within additional micrometer-scale resonators surrounding each nanocavity can boost light localization to intensity enhancements >105. Plasmon interference in these hybrid microresonator nanocavities produces surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals many-fold larger than in the bare plasmonic constructs. These now allow remote access to molecules inside the ultrathin gaps, avoiding direct irradiation and thus preventing molecular damage. Combining subnanometer gaps with micrometer-scale resonators places a high computational demand on simulations, so a generalized boundary element method (BEM) solver is developed which requires 100-fold less computational resources to characterize these systems. Our results on extreme near-field enhancement open new potential for single-molecule photonic circuits, mid-infrared detectors, and remote spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Xomalis
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Xuezhi Zheng
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Electrical Engineering (ESAT-TELEMIC), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, BUS 2444, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angela Demetriadou
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Martínez
- Nanophotonics
Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica
de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Rohit Chikkaraddy
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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55
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Guo J, Yan X, Xu M, Ghimire G, Pan X, He J. Effective Electrochemical Modulation of SERS Intensity Assisted by Core-Shell Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4441-4448. [PMID: 33651586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An effective and reversible tuning of the intensity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of nonelectroactive molecules at nonresonance conditions by electrochemical means has been developed on plasmonic molecular nanojunctions formed between Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) and a gold nanoelectrode (AuNE) modified with a self-assembled monolayer. The Au@Ag nanoparticle on nanoelectrode (NPoNE) structures are formed in situ by the electrochemical deposition of Ag on AuNPs adsorbed on the AuNE and can be monitored by both the electrochemical current and SERS signals. Instead of introducing molecular changes by the applied electrode potential, the highly effective SERS intensity tuning was achieved by the chemical composition transformation of the ultrathin Ag shell from metallic Ag to insulating AgCl. The electrode potential-induced electromagnetic enhancement (EME) tuning in the Au@Ag NPoNE structure has been confirmed by finite-difference time-domain simulations. Moreover, the specific Raman band associated with Ag-molecule interaction can also be tuned by the electrode potential. Therefore, we demonstrated that the electrode potential could effectively and reversibly modulate both EME and chemical enhancement in Au@Ag NPoNE structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Xingxu Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Irvine Materials Research Institute (IMRI), University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Mingjie Xu
- Irvine Materials Research Institute (IMRI), University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Govinda Ghimire
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Irvine Materials Research Institute (IMRI), University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jin He
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States.,Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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56
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Raman and Fluorescence Enhancement Approaches in Graphene-Based Platforms for Optical Sensing and Imaging. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030644. [PMID: 33808013 PMCID: PMC7999291 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The search for novel platforms and metamaterials for the enhancement of optical and particularly Raman signals is still an objective since optical techniques offer affordable, noninvasive methods with high spatial resolution and penetration depth adequate to detect and image a large variety of systems, from 2D materials to molecules in complex media and tissues. Definitely, plasmonic materials produce the most efficient enhancement through the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) process, allowing single-molecule detection, and are the most studied ones. Here we focus on less explored aspects of SERS such as the role of the inter-nanoparticle (NP) distance and the ultra-small NP size limit (down to a few nm) and on novel approaches involving graphene and graphene-related materials. The issues on reproducibility and homogeneity for the quantification of the probe molecules will also be discussed. Other light enhancement mechanisms, in particular resonant and interference Raman scatterings, as well as the platforms that allow combining several of them, are presented in this review with a special focus on the possibilities that graphene offers for the design and fabrication of novel architectures. Recent fluorescence enhancement platforms and strategies, so important for bio-detection and imaging, are reviewed as well as the relevance of graphene oxide and graphene/carbon nanodots in the field.
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57
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Wright D, Lin Q, Berta D, Földes T, Wagner A, Griffiths J, Readman C, Rosta E, Reisner E, Baumberg JJ. Mechanistic study of an immobilized molecular electrocatalyst by in situ gap-plasmon-assisted spectro-electrochemistry. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-00566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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58
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Fu K, Wang X, Yuan X, Wang D, Mi X, Tan X, Zhang Y. Size-Dependent Penetration of Gold Nanoprobes into Fixed Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:3791-3799. [PMID: 33585758 PMCID: PMC7876832 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoprobes have been increasingly applied in the biomedical field due to their superior optical, electronic, or magnetic properties. Among the many aspects involved in the interaction between nanoprobes and biospecimens, size plays an essential role. Although the influence of size on their internalization behavior and distribution in live cells has been extensively studied, how does the size affect penetration of nanoprobes into fixed cells remains unknown. We investigate here the influence of size on the penetration behavior of gold nanoprobes into fixed mammalian cells by dark-field microscopy and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) microspectroscopy. We show that 14, 20, and 29 nm nanoprobes can readily enter into methanol-fixed MCF-7 cells, while 42 and 55 nm nanoprobes cannot cross the cell membrane. For 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed cells, even 14 nm nanoprobes can hardly get into the cells, but after treatment with permeabilization reagents, 14 and 20 nm nanoprobes are permitted to enter the cells. These findings provide important implications in future design of nanoprobes for cellular immunostaining.
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59
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He L, Rahaman M, Madeira TI, Zahn DR. Understanding the Role of Different Substrate Geometries for Achieving Optimum Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensitivity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:376. [PMID: 33540743 PMCID: PMC7913005 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) has experienced tremendous progress over the last two decades. Despite detecting single molecules and achieving sub-nanometer spatial resolution, attaining high TERS sensitivity is still a challenging task due to low reproducibility of tip fabrication, especially regarding very sharp tip apices. Here, we present an approach for achieving strong TERS sensitivity via a systematic study of the near-field enhancement properties in the so-called gap-mode TERS configurations using the combination of finite element method (FEM) simulations and TERS experiments. In the simulation study, a gold tip apex is fixed at 80 nm of diameter, and the substrate consists of 20 nm high gold nanodiscs with diameter varying from 5 nm to 120 nm placed on a flat extended gold substrate. The local electric field distributions are computed in the spectral range from 500 nm to 800 nm with the tip placed both at the center and the edge of the gold nanostructure. The model is then compared with the typical gap-mode TERS configuration, in which a tip of varying diameter from 2 nm to 160 nm is placed in the proximity of a gold thin film. Our simulations show that the tip-nanodisc combined system provides much improved TERS sensitivity compared to the conventional gap-mode TERS configuration. We find that for the same tip diameter, the spatial resolution achieved in the tip-nanodisc model is much better than that observed in the conventional gap-mode TERS, which requires a very sharp metal tip to achieve the same spatial resolution on an extended metal substrate. Finally, TERS experiments are conducted on gold nanodisc arrays using home-built gold tips to validate our simulation results. Our simulations provide a guide for designing and realization of both high-spatial resolution and strong TERS intensity in future TERS experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahfujur Rahaman
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (L.H.); (T.I.M.); (D.R.T.Z.)
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60
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Liu Y, Ma H, Han XX, Zhao B. Metal-semiconductor heterostructures for surface-enhanced Raman scattering: synergistic contribution of plasmons and charge transfer. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:370-382. [PMID: 34821260 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01356k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
After 45 years of its first observation, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become an ultrasensitive tool applied in chemical analysis, materials science, and biomedical research. SERS-active nanomaterials, such as noble metals, transition metals, and semiconductors, have undergone extensive development. The hybridization of semiconductors with plasmonic metal nanomaterials is highly effective in boosting light harvesting and conversion, which enables the rapid growth of metal-semiconductor hybrid nanostructures in SERS-based research fields. With the combination of the unique photoelectric properties and giant SERS signals attributed to the synergistic contribution of plasmons and change transfer (CT), metal-semiconductor heterostructures allow diverse and novel applications of SERS in CT investigations for the rational design of photovoltaic devices and ultrasensitive chemical or biological sensing. In this review, we specifically discuss SERS-active metal-semiconductor heterostructures including their building blocks, enhancement mechanisms, and applications. Moreover, we highlight the current challenges and opportunities for future research in this field based on our recent studies and other related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
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61
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Zhang Y, Esteban R, Boto RA, Urbieta M, Arrieta X, Shan C, Li S, Baumberg JJ, Aizpurua J. Addressing molecular optomechanical effects in nanocavity-enhanced Raman scattering beyond the single plasmonic mode. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1938-1954. [PMID: 33442716 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06649d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The description of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a molecular optomechanical process has provided new insights into the vibrational dynamics and nonlinearities of this inelastic scattering process. In earlier studies, molecular vibrations have typically been assumed to couple with a single plasmonic mode of a metallic nanostructure, ignoring the complexity of the plasmonic response in many configurations of practical interest such as in metallic nanojunctions. By describing the plasmonic fields as a continuum, we demonstrate here the importance of considering the full plasmonic response to properly address the molecule-cavity optomechanical interaction. We apply the continuum-field model to calculate the Raman signal from a single molecule in a plasmonic nanocavity formed by a nanoparticle-on-a-mirror configuration, and compare the results of optomechanical parameters, vibrational populations, and Stokes and anti-Stokes signals of the continuum-field model with those obtained from the single-mode model. Our results reveal that high-order non-radiative plasmonic modes significantly modify the optomechanical behavior under strong laser illumination. Moreover, Raman linewidths, lineshifts, vibrational populations, and parametric instabilities are found to be sensitive to the energy of the molecular vibrational modes. The implications of adopting the continuum-field model to describe the plasmonic cavity response in molecular optomechanics are relevant in many other nanoantenna and nanocavity configurations commonly used to enhance SERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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62
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Lee JB, Walker H, Li Y, Nam TW, Rakovich A, Sapienza R, Jung YS, Nam YS, Maier SA, Cortés E. Template Dissolution Interfacial Patterning of Single Colloids for Nanoelectrochemistry and Nanosensing. ACS NANO 2020; 14:17693-17703. [PMID: 33270433 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic positioning and assembly of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) onto substrates is a core requirement and a promising alternative to top-down lithography to create functional nanostructures and nanodevices with intriguing optical, electrical, and catalytic features. Capillary-assisted particle assembly (CAPA) has emerged as an attractive technique to this end, as it allows controlled and selective assembly of a wide variety of NPs onto predefined topographical templates using capillary forces. One critical issue with CAPA, however, lies in its final printing step, where high printing yields are possible only with the use of an adhesive polymer film. To address this problem, we have developed a template dissolution interfacial patterning (TDIP) technique to assemble and print single colloidal AuNP arrays onto various dielectric and conductive substrates in the absence of any adhesion layer, with printing yields higher than 98%. The TDIP approach grants direct access to the interface between the AuNP and the target surface, enabling the use of colloidal AuNPs as building blocks for practical applications. The versatile applicability of TDIP is demonstrated by the creation of direct electrical junctions for electro- and photoelectrochemistry and nanoparticle-on-mirror geometries for single-particle molecular sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Bum Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Harriet Walker
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Li
- School of Microelectronics, MOE Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next Generation Communications, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Tae Won Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Riccardo Sapienza
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sung Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Stefan A Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
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63
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Huynh LTM, Trinh HD, Lee S, Yoon S. Plasmon-driven protodeboronation reactions in nanogaps. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:24062-24069. [PMID: 33245307 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07023h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Boronic acids are the key compounds in Suzuki coupling reactions and in the detection of monosaccharides. The C-B bond cleavage deboronation is an important side reaction that lowers the Suzuki coupling reaction yield and even disables saccharide detection. Here, we report that protodeboronation occurs for 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA) within narrow nanogaps between gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and planar gold substrates. The irradiation of such nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) systems at 785 nm drives the protodeboronation reaction to form benzenethiol (BT). Wavelength-dependence experiments, combined with dark-field single-particle scattering spectroscopy, reveal that excitation of the bonding dipole plasmon mode of the NPoM leads to the best efficiency. Among the excited plasmon decay pathways, the generation of hot charge carriers induces the protodeboronation of MPBA. The possibility of plasmonic thermal reactions is ruled out because external heating of the substrates does not cause the reaction to take place. A comparison of the reaction yield under ambient, Ar, and oxygen gas conditions reveals that hot charge carriers directly transfer to MPBA, which subsequently produces BT, but the presence of oxygen promotes the reaction by opening another hot-electron transfer channel. The protodeboronation reaction of MPBA is an important addition to the catalog of plasmon-driven chemical reactions, not only because the reaction is relevant to organic and analytical chemistry but also because it deepens our understanding of the hot carrier dynamics at the interface between plasmonic nanoparticles and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Thi Minh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
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64
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Kurochkin NS, Eliseev SP, Gritsienko AV, Sychev VV, Vutukhnovsky AG. Silver nanoparticle on aluminum mirror: active spectroscopy and decay rate enhancement. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:505206. [PMID: 33021216 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abb629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology and optics have paved the way for new plasmonic devices. One of them are nanopatch antennas that are simple and, at the same time, effective devices for localizing the electromagnetic field on a scale of less than 10 nm and can be used in photonic integrated circuits as effective sources of photons, including single-photon sources. In the present study, we investigate the radiative characteristics of a submonolayer of colloidal CdSe/CdS quantum dots that form island structures in a resonator: a cubic silver nanoparticle on an aluminum mirror. For detecting plasmonic nanoparticles on glass or metal surfaces, we propose a new technique involving a tunable laser and a confocal microscope. We provide a comparative study of the luminescence enhancement factors for QDs in the NPAs upon off-resonance excitation and at a wavelength close to the resonance; a significant difference in the luminescence enhancement factors (by order of magnitude) is demonstrated. A 60-fold reduction in the spontaneous emission time, as well as an increase in the radiation intensity by a factor of 330, has been obtained in the experiments. The increase in the spontaneous emission rate demonstrated for the quantum dots is explained by the Purcell effect. Full-wave simulations of electromagnetic fields were carried out for the model of the developed nanopatch antenna; luminescence enhancement factors and radiative efficiencies were calculated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Kurochkin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 9 Institutskiy per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninskiy pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - S P Eliseev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 9 Institutskiy per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninskiy pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Gritsienko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 9 Institutskiy per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninskiy pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Sychev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 9 Institutskiy per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninskiy pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Vutukhnovsky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 9 Institutskiy per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninskiy pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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65
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Xomalis A, Chikkaraddy R, Oksenberg E, Shlesinger I, Huang J, Garnett EC, Koenderink AF, Baumberg JJ. Controlling Optically Driven Atomic Migration Using Crystal-Facet Control in Plasmonic Nanocavities. ACS NANO 2020; 14:10562-10568. [PMID: 32687323 PMCID: PMC7458481 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoconstructs are widely exploited to confine light for applications ranging from quantum emitters to medical imaging and biosensing. However, accessing extreme near-field confinement using the surfaces of metallic nanoparticles often induces permanent structural changes from light, even at low intensities. Here, we report a robust and simple technique to exploit crystal facets and their atomic boundaries to prevent the hopping of atoms along and between facet planes. Avoiding X-ray or electron microscopy techniques that perturb these atomic restructurings, we use elastic and inelastic light scattering to resolve the influence of crystal habit. A clear increase in stability is found for {100} facets with steep inter-facet angles, compared to multiple atomic steps and shallow facet curvature on spherical nanoparticles. Avoiding atomic hopping allows Raman scattering on molecules with low Raman cross-section while circumventing effects of charging and adatom binding, even over long measurement times. These nanoconstructs allow the optical probing of dynamic reconstruction in nanoscale surface science, photocatalysis, and molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Xomalis
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Rohit Chikkaraddy
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Eitan Oksenberg
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Ilan Shlesinger
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Junyang Huang
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Erik C. Garnett
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute, University of
Amsterdam, Science Park
904, Amsterdam 1090 GL, The Netherlands
| | - A. Femius Koenderink
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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66
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Inagaki M, Isogai T, Motobayashi K, Lin KQ, Ren B, Ikeda K. Electronic and vibrational surface-enhanced Raman scattering: from atomically defined Au(111) and (100) to roughened Au. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9807-9817. [PMID: 34094241 PMCID: PMC8162194 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02976a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In surface-enhanced Raman spectra, vibrational peaks are superimposed on a background continuum, which is known as one major experimental anomaly. This is problematic in assessing vibrational information especially in the low Raman-shift region below 200 cm−1, where the background signals dominate. Herein, we present a rigorous comparison of normal Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectra for atomically defined surfaces of Au(111) or Au(100) with and without molecular adsorbates. It is clearly shown that the origin of the background continuum is well explained by a local field enhancement of electronic Raman scattering in the conduction band of Au. In the low Raman-shift region, electronic Raman scattering gains additional intensity, probably due to a relaxation in the conservation of momentum rule through momentum transfer from surface roughness. Based on the mechanism for generation of the spectral background, we also present a practical method to extract electronic and vibrational information at the metal/dielectric interface from the measured raw spectra by reducing the thermal factor, the scattering efficiency factor and the Purcell factor over wide ranges in both the Stokes and the anti-Stokes branches. This method enables us not only to analyse concealed vibrational features in the low Raman-shift region but also to estimate more reliable local temperatures from surface-enhanced Raman spectra. Both electronic and vibrational information at the metal/dielectric interface were explicitly extracted from surface-enhanced Raman spectra.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoharu Inagaki
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Taichi Isogai
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Kenta Motobayashi
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Kai-Qiang Lin
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Katsuyoshi Ikeda
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa Nagoya 466-8555 Japan .,Frontier Research Institute for Materials Science (FRIMS), Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso, Showa Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
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67
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Seo MJ, Ryu KR, Kim GW, Ha JW. Effect of chemisorbed thiophenols with an electron donating group on surface-enhanced Raman scattering of gold nanorods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14832-14837. [PMID: 32579626 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02708a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful technique to amplify the weak Raman scattering intensity by molecules chemisorbed on a metallic surface. Herein, we present the interfacial electronic effect of para-substituted aromatic thiophenols (TPs) with an electron donating group (EDG) on SERS of anisotropic gold nanorods (AuNRs) under resonant conditions. Probe molecules with an EDG showed great SERS enhancement in AuNRs at the resonant excitation wavelength. We found that the SERS enhancement with an EDG is caused by the formation of aggregates through intermolecular interactions among probe molecules, such as dimerization with hydrogen bonding via an amino group (-NH2) of p-aminothiophenol (p-ATP) and hydroxyl group (-OH) of p-mercaptophenol (p-MP), resulting in hot-spots between AuNRs. Furthermore, SERS having a stronger EDG (-NH2, p-ATP) with the Hammett constant of -0.66 exhibited greater enhancement than p-MP having hydroxyl (-OH) groups with the Hammett constant of -0.37. We found that the greater enhancement is ascribed to the temporary formation of a positively charged electron withdrawing group (-NH3+) in p-ATP, unlike p-MP, via the interaction of the lone pair of the amino group (-NH2) with ethanol. Therefore, this investigation provides new insightful experimental observations on SERS enhancement of probe molecules with an EDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Seo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyeong Rim Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geun Wan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea. and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Ha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea. and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, 44610, Republic of Korea
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68
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Cortijo-Campos S, Ramírez-Jiménez R, Climent-Pascual E, Aguilar-Pujol M, Jiménez-Villacorta F, Martínez L, Jiménez-Riobóo R, Prieto C, de Andrés A. Raman amplification in the ultra-small limit of Ag nanoparticles on SiO 2 and graphene: Size and inter-particle distance effects. MATERIALS & DESIGN 2020; 192:108702. [PMID: 33154608 PMCID: PMC7116317 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Size, shape and hot spots are crucial to optimize Raman amplification from metallic nanoparticle (NPs). The amplification from radius = 1.8 ± 0.4 nm ultra-small silver NPs was explored. Increasing NP density redshifts and widens their plasmon that, according to simulations for NPs arrays, is originated by the reduction of the interparticle distance, d, becoming remarkable for d ≤ R. Inter-particle interaction red-shifts (N130 nm) and widens (N90 nm) the standard plasmon of non-interacting spherical particles. Graphene partly delocalizes the carriers enhancing the NIR spectral weight. Raman amplification of graphene phonons is moderate and depends smoothly on d while that of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) varies almost exponentially due to their location at hotspots that depend strongly on d. The experimental correlation between amplification and plasmon position is well reproduced by simulations. The amplification originated by the ultra-small NPs is compared to that of larger particles, granular silver films with 7 < R < 15 nm grains, with similar extinction values. The amplification is found to be larger for the 1.8nm NPs due to the higher surface/volume ration that allows higher density of hot spots. It is demonstrated that Raman amplification can be efficiently increased by depositing low density layers of ultra-small NPs on top of granular films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cortijo-Campos
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ramírez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida Universidad 30, Leganés, 28911, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteban Climent-Pascual
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Aguilar-Pujol
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Jiménez-Villacorta
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio ESS-Bilbao, Parque Tecnológico Bizkaia, Poligono Ugaldeguren III, Pol. A, 7B 48170 Zamudio, Spain
| | - Lidia Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Jiménez-Riobóo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia de Andrés
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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69
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Kao YC, Han X, Lee YH, Lee HK, Phan-Quang GC, Lay CL, Sim HYF, Phua VJX, Ng LS, Ku CW, Tan TC, Phang IY, Tan NS, Ling XY. Multiplex Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Identification and Quantification of Urine Metabolites in Patient Samples within 30 min. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2542-2552. [PMID: 32049493 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Successful translation of laboratory-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platforms to clinical applications requires multiplex and ultratrace detection of small biomarker molecules from a complex biofluid. However, these biomarker molecules generally exhibit low Raman scattering cross sections and do not possess specific affinity to plasmonic nanoparticle surfaces, significantly increasing the challenge of detecting them at low concentrations. Herein, we demonstrate a "confine-and-capture" approach for multiplex detection of two families of urine metabolites correlated with miscarriage risks, 5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol-3α-glucuronide and tetrahydrocortisone. To enhance SERS signals by 1012-fold, we use specific nanoscale surface chemistry for targeted metabolite capture from a complex urine matrix prior to confining them on a superhydrophobic SERS platform. We then apply chemometrics, including principal component analysis and partial least-squares regression, to convert molecular fingerprint information into quantifiable readouts. The whole screening procedure requires only 30 min, including urine pretreatment, sample drying on the SERS platform, SERS measurements, and chemometric analyses. These readouts correlate well with the pregnancy outcomes in a case-control study of 40 patients presenting threatened miscarriage symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chuan Kao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Xuemei Han
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Yih Hong Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Hiang Kwee Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Gia Chuong Phan-Quang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Chee Leng Lay
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 , Singapore 138634 , Singapore
| | - Howard Yi Fan Sim
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Vanessa Jing Xin Phua
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Li Shiuan Ng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Chee Wai Ku
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital , 100 Bukit Timah Road , Singapore 229899 , Singapore
| | - Thiam Chye Tan
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital , 100 Bukit Timah Road , Singapore 229899 , Singapore
| | - In Yee Phang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 , Singapore 138634 , Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building , Nanyang Technological University , 11 Mandalay Road , Singapore 308232 , Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637551 , Singapore
| | - Xing Yi Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
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70
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Flickering nanometre-scale disorder in a crystal lattice tracked by plasmonic flare light emission. Nat Commun 2020; 11:682. [PMID: 32015332 PMCID: PMC6997371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14150-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic restructuring of metal nanoparticle surfaces is known to greatly influence their catalytic, electronic transport, and chemical binding functionalities. Here we show for the first time that non-equilibrium atomic-scale lattice defects can be detected in nanoparticles by purely optical means. These fluctuating states determine interface electronic transport for molecular electronics but because such rearrangements are low energy, measuring their rapid dynamics on single nanostructures by X-rays, electron beams, or tunnelling microscopies, is invasive and damaging. We utilise nano-optics at the sub-5nm scale to reveal rapid (on the millisecond timescale) evolution of defect morphologies on facets of gold nanoparticles on a mirror. Besides dynamic structural information, this highlights fundamental questions about defining bulk plasma frequencies for metals probed at the nanoscale. Dynamic restructuring of metal nanoparticle surfaces greatly influences their catalytic, electronic transport, and chemical binding functionalities. Here, the authors show that non-equilibrium atomic-scale lattice defects can be detected in nanoparticles by using nano-optics at the sub-5nm scale.
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71
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Abstract
Imaging of single to a few molecules has received much recent interest. While superresolution microscopies access subdiffraction resolution, they do not work for plasmonic hot spots due to the loss of positional information that results from plasmonic coupling. Here, we show how to reconstruct the spatial locations of molecules within a plasmonic hot spot with 1-nm precision. We use a plasmonic nanoball lens to demonstrate that plasmonic nanocavities can be used simultaneously as a nanoscopic and spectroscopic tool. This work opens up possibilities for studying the behavior of a few to single molecules in plasmonic nanoresonators, while simultaneously tracking their movements and spectral features. Our plasmonic nanolens is useful for nanosensing, nanochemistry, and biofunctional imaging. Plasmonics now delivers sensors capable of detecting single molecules. The emission enhancements and nanometer-scale optical confinement achieved by these metallic nanostructures vastly increase spectroscopic sensitivity, enabling real-time tracking. However, the interaction of light with such nanostructures typically loses all information about the spatial location of molecules within a plasmonic hot spot. Here, we show that ultrathin plasmonic nanogaps support complete mode sets which strongly influence the far-field emission patterns of embedded emitters and allow the reconstruction of dipole positions with 1-nm precision. Emitters in different locations radiate spots, rings, and askew halo images, arising from interference of 2 radiating antenna modes differently coupling light out of the nanogap, highlighting the imaging potential of these plasmonic “crystal balls.” Emitters at the center are now found to live indefinitely, because they radiate so rapidly.
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72
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SERS discrimination of single DNA bases in single oligonucleotides by electro-plasmonic trapping. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5321. [PMID: 31757965 PMCID: PMC6874578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensing of DNA bases by plasmonic nanopores could pave a way to novel methods for DNA analyses and new generation single-molecule sequencing platforms. The SERS discrimination of single DNA bases depends critically on the time that a DNA strand resides within the plasmonic hot spot. In fact, DNA molecules flow through the nanopores so rapidly that the SERS signals collected are not sufficient for single-molecule analysis. Here, we report an approach to control the residence time of molecules in the hot spot by an electro-plasmonic trapping effect. By directly adsorbing molecules onto a gold nanoparticle and then trapping the single nanoparticle in a plasmonic nanohole up to several minutes, we demonstrate single-molecule SERS detection of all four DNA bases as well as discrimination of single nucleobases in a single oligonucleotide. Our method can be extended easily to label-free sensing of single-molecule amino acids and proteins.
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73
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Fan M, Andrade GFS, Brolo AG. A review on recent advances in the applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering in analytical chemistry. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1097:1-29. [PMID: 31910948 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review is focused on recent developments of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications in Analytical Chemistry. The work covers advances in the fabrication methods of SERS substrates, including nanoparticles immobilization techniques and advanced nanopatterning with metallic features. Recent insights in quantitative and sampling methods for SERS implementation and the development of new SERS-based approaches for both qualitative and quantitative analysis are discussed. The advent of methods for pre-concentration and new approaches for single-molecule SERS quantification, such as the digital SERS procedure, has provided additional improvements in the analytical figures-of-merit for analysis and assays based on SERS. The use of metal nanostructures as SERS detection elements integrated in devices, such as microfluidic systems and optical fibers, provided new tools for SERS applications that expand beyond the laboratory environment, bringing new opportunities for real-time field tests and process monitoring based on SERS. Finally, selected examples of SERS applications in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry are discussed. The breadth of this work reflects the vast diversity of subjects and approaches that are inherent to the SERS field. The state of the field indicates the potential for a variety of new SERS-based methods and technologies that can be routinely applied in analytical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meikun Fan
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Gustavo F S Andrade
- Centro de Estudos de Materiais, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário s/n, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G Brolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 3055, Victoria, BC, V8W 3V6, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology, University of Victoria, V8W 2Y2, Canada.
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74
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Belhout SA, Baptista FR, Devereux SJ, Parker AW, Ward AD, Quinn SJ. Preparation of polymer gold nanoparticle composites with tunable plasmon coupling and their application as SERS substrates. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19884-19894. [PMID: 31599311 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05014k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The controlled surface functionalisation of polystyrene beads (200 nm) with a lipoic acid derivative is used to assemble composites with between 4 to 20% loadings of citrate stabilised gold nanoparticles (13 nm-30 nm), which exhibit variable optical properties arising from interactions of the nanoparticle surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The decrease in average interparticle distance at higher loadings results in a red-shift in the SPR wavelength, which is well described by a universal ruler equation. The composite particles are shown to act as good SERS substrates for the standard analyte 4-mercaptophenol. The direct assessment of the SERS activity for individual composite particles solution is achieved by Raman optical tweezer measurements on 5.3 μm composite particles. These measurements show an increase in performance with increasing AuNP size. Importantly, the SERS activity of the individual particles compares well with the bulk measurements of samples deposited on a surface, indicating that the SERS activity arises primarily from the composite and not due to composite-composite interactions. In both studies the optimum SERS response is obtained with 30 nm AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir A Belhout
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Stephen J Devereux
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Anthony W Parker
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK.
| | - Andrew D Ward
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK.
| | - Susan J Quinn
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
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75
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Jeong HH, Adams MC, Günther JP, Alarcón-Correa M, Kim I, Choi E, Miksch C, Mark AF, Mark AG, Fischer P. Arrays of Plasmonic Nanoparticle Dimers with Defined Nanogap Spacers. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11453-11459. [PMID: 31539228 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic molecules are building blocks of metallic nanostructures that give rise to intriguing optical phenomena with similarities to those seen in molecular systems. The ability to design plasmonic hybrid structures and molecules with nanometric resolution would enable applications in optical metamaterials and sensing that presently cannot be demonstrated, because of a lack of suitable fabrication methods allowing the structural control of the plasmonic atoms on a large scale. Here we demonstrate a wafer-scale "lithography-free" parallel fabrication scheme to realize nanogap plasmonic meta-molecules with precise control over their size, shape, material, and orientation. We demonstrate how we can tune the corresponding coupled resonances through the entire visible spectrum. Our fabrication method, based on glancing angle physical vapor deposition with gradient shadowing, permits critical parameters to be varied across the wafer and thus is ideally suited to screen potential structures. We obtain billions of aligned dimer structures with controlled variation of the spectral properties across the wafer. We spectroscopically map the plasmonic resonances of gold dimer structures and show that they not only are in good agreement with numerically modeled spectra, but also remain functional, at least for a year, in ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ho Jeong
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Melanie C Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Günther
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Mariana Alarcón-Correa
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Insook Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Eunjin Choi
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Cornelia Miksch
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Alison F Mark
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Andrew G Mark
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
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76
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Gupta P, Luan J, Wang Z, Cao S, Bae SH, Naik RR, Singamaneni S. On-Demand Electromagnetic Hotspot Generation in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates via "Add-On" Plasmonic Patch. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:37939-37946. [PMID: 31525866 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic hotspots at the interstices of plasmonic assemblies are recognized to be the most potent sites for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We demonstrate a novel "add-on" electromagnetic hotspot formation technique, which significantly improves the sensitivity of conventional SERS substrates composed of individual plasmonic nanostructures. The novel approach demonstrated here involves the transfer of "plasmonic patch", a transparent, flexible, and conformal elastomeric film adsorbed with plasmonic nanostructures, onto a conventional SERS substrate. The addition of the plasmonic patch onto a conventional SERS substrate following the analyte capture results in the formation of electromagnetic hotspots and hence a large SERS enhancement. The application of the plasmonic patch improves the sensitivity and limit of detection of conventional SERS substrates by up to ∼100-fold. The transfer of the plasmonic patch also effectively transforms the SERS-inactive gold mirror to a highly SERS-active "particle-on-mirror" system. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the "add-on" technique can be effectively utilized for the vapor-phase detection of explosives such as trinitrotoluene (TNT) using peptide recognition elements. We believe that the on-demand hotspot formation approach presented here represents a highly versatile and ubiquitously applicable technology readily expandable to any existing SERS substrate without employing complicated modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Jingyi Luan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Zheyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Sisi Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Sang Hyun Bae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Rajesh R Naik
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
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77
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Pham TBN, Bui TTT, Tran VQ, Dang VQ, Hoang LN, Tran CK. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance on salbutamol detection of colloidal multi-shaped silver nanoparticles. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-01154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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78
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Karthick Kannan P, Shankar P, Blackman C, Chung CH. Recent Advances in 2D Inorganic Nanomaterials for SERS Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803432. [PMID: 30773698 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a powerful and sensitive analytical tool that has found application in chemical and biomolecule analysis and environmental monitoring. Since its discovery in the early 1970s, a variety of materials ranging from noble metals to nanostructured materials have been employed as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. In recent years, 2D inorganic materials have found wide use in the development of SERS-based chemical sensors owing to their unique thickness dependent physico-chemical properties with enhanced chemical-based charge-transfer processes. Here, recent advances in the application of various 2D inorganic nanomaterials, including graphene, boron nitride, semiconducting metal oxides, and transition metal chalcogenides, in chemical detection via SERS are presented. The background of the SERS concept, including its basic theory and sensing mechanism, along with the salient features of different nanomaterials used as substrates in SERS, extending from monometallic nanoparticles to nanometal oxides, is comprehensively discussed. The importance of 2D inorganic nanomaterials in SERS enhancement, along with their application toward chemical detection, is explained in detail with suitable examples and illustrations. In conclusion, some guidelines are presented for the development of this promising field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prabakaran Shankar
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Innovative Science and Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259 1292, Japan
| | - Chris Blackman
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Chan-Hwa Chung
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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79
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Jones RR, Hooper DC, Zhang L, Wolverson D, Valev VK. Raman Techniques: Fundamentals and Frontiers. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:231. [PMID: 31300945 PMCID: PMC6626094 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Driven by applications in chemical sensing, biological imaging and material characterisation, Raman spectroscopies are attracting growing interest from a variety of scientific disciplines. The Raman effect originates from the inelastic scattering of light, and it can directly probe vibration/rotational-vibration states in molecules and materials. Despite numerous advantages over infrared spectroscopy, spontaneous Raman scattering is very weak, and consequently, a variety of enhanced Raman spectroscopic techniques have emerged. These techniques include stimulated Raman scattering and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, as well as surface- and tip-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopies. The present review provides the reader with an understanding of the fundamental physics that govern the Raman effect and its advantages, limitations and applications. The review also highlights the key experimental considerations for implementing the main experimental Raman spectroscopic techniques. The relevant data analysis methods and some of the most recent advances related to the Raman effect are finally presented. This review constitutes a practical introduction to the science of Raman spectroscopy; it also highlights recent and promising directions of future research developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin R. Jones
- Turbomachinery Research Centre, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - David C. Hooper
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Daniel Wolverson
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Ventsislav K. Valev
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
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80
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Huh H, Trinh HD, Lee D, Yoon S. How Does a Plasmon-Induced Hot Charge Carrier Break a C-C Bond? ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:24715-24724. [PMID: 31192584 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hot-electron chemistry at gold nanoparticle (AuNP) surfaces has received much attention recently because its understanding provides a basis for plasmonic photocatalysis and photovoltaics. Nonradiative decay of excited surface plasmons produces energetic hot charge carriers that transfer to adsorbate molecules and induce chemical reactions. Such plasmon-driven reactions, however, have been limited to a few systems, notably the dimerization of 4-aminobenzenethiol to 4,4'-dimercaptoazobenzene. In this work, we explore a new class of plasmon-driven reactions associated with a unimolecular bond cleavage process. We unveil the mechanism of the decarboxylation reaction of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid and extend the mechanism to account for the β-cleavage reaction of 4-mercaptobenzyl alcohol. Combining the construction of well-controlled nanogap systems and sensitive Raman spectroscopy with methodical changes of experimental conditions (laser wavelengths, interface materials, pH, ambient gases, etc.), we track the hot charge carriers from the formation to the transfer to reactants, which provides insights into how plasmon excitation eventually leads to the C-C bond cleavage of the molecules in the nanogap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Huh
- Department of Chemistry , Chung-Ang University , 84 Heukseok-ro , Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974 , Korea
| | - Hoa Duc Trinh
- Department of Chemistry , Chung-Ang University , 84 Heukseok-ro , Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974 , Korea
| | - Dokyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Chung-Ang University , 84 Heukseok-ro , Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974 , Korea
| | - Sangwoon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry , Chung-Ang University , 84 Heukseok-ro , Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974 , Korea
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81
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Baumberg JJ, Aizpurua J, Mikkelsen MH, Smith DR. Extreme nanophotonics from ultrathin metallic gaps. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:668-678. [PMID: 30936482 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin dielectric gaps between metals can trap plasmonic optical modes with surprisingly low loss and with volumes below 1 nm3. We review the origin and subtle properties of these modes, and show how they can be well accounted for by simple models. Particularly important is the mixing between radiating antennas and confined nanogap modes, which is extremely sensitive to precise nanogeometry, right down to the single-atom level. Coupling nanogap plasmons to electronic and vibronic transitions yields a host of phenomena including single-molecule strong coupling and molecular optomechanics, opening access to atomic-scale chemistry and materials science, as well as quantum metamaterials. Ultimate low-energy devices such as robust bottom-up assembled single-atom switches are thus in prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Javier Aizpurua
- Materials Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, Donostia-San Sebastiàn, Spain
| | - Maiken H Mikkelsen
- Center for Metamaterials and Integrated Plasmonics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David R Smith
- Center for Metamaterials and Integrated Plasmonics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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82
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83
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Peng J, Jeong HH, Lin Q, Cormier S, Liang HL, De Volder MFL, Vignolini S, Baumberg JJ. Scalable electrochromic nanopixels using plasmonics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw2205. [PMID: 31093530 PMCID: PMC6510554 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic metasurfaces are a promising route for flat panel display applications due to their full color gamut and high spatial resolution. However, this plasmonic coloration cannot be readily tuned and requires expensive lithographic techniques. Here, we present scalable electrically driven color-changing metasurfaces constructed using a bottom-up solution process that controls the crucial plasmonic gaps and fills them with an active medium. Electrochromic nanoparticles are coated onto a metallic mirror, providing the smallest-area active plasmonic pixels to date. These nanopixels show strong scattering colors and are electrically tunable across >100-nm wavelength ranges. Their bistable behavior (with persistence times exceeding hundreds of seconds) and ultralow energy consumption (9 fJ per pixel) offer vivid, uniform, nonfading color that can be tuned at high refresh rates (>50 Hz) and optical contrast (>50%). These dynamics scale from the single nanoparticle level to multicentimeter scale films in subwavelength thickness devices, which are a hundredfold thinner than current displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Peng
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Hyeon-Ho Jeong
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Qianqi Lin
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Sean Cormier
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Hsin-Ling Liang
- NanoManufacturing Group, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Michael F. L. De Volder
- NanoManufacturing Group, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Bio-inspired Photonics Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Corresponding author.
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84
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Ojambati OS, Chikkaraddy R, Deacon WD, Horton M, Kos D, Turek VA, Keyser UF, Baumberg JJ. Quantum electrodynamics at room temperature coupling a single vibrating molecule with a plasmonic nanocavity. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1049. [PMID: 30837456 PMCID: PMC6400948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between a single emitter and cavity provide the archetypical system for fundamental quantum electrodynamics. Here we show that a single molecule of Atto647 aligned using DNA origami interacts coherently with a sub-wavelength plasmonic nanocavity, approaching the cooperative regime even at room temperature. Power-dependent pulsed excitation reveals Rabi oscillations, arising from the coupling of the oscillating electric field between the ground and excited states. The observed single-molecule fluorescent emission is split into two modes resulting from anti-crossing with the plasmonic mode, indicating the molecule is strongly coupled to the cavity. The second-order correlation function of the photon emission statistics is found to be pump wavelength dependent, varying from g(2)(0) = 0.4 to 1.45, highlighting the influence of vibrational relaxation on the Jaynes-Cummings ladder. Our results show that cavity quantum electrodynamic effects can be observed in molecular systems at ambient conditions, opening significant potential for device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi S Ojambati
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Rohit Chikkaraddy
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - William D Deacon
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Matthew Horton
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Dean Kos
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Vladimir A Turek
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Ulrich F Keyser
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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85
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Pazos-Perez N, Fitzgerald JM, Giannini V, Guerrini L, Alvarez-Puebla RA. Modular assembly of plasmonic core-satellite structures as highly brilliant SERS-encoded nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:122-131. [PMID: 36132448 PMCID: PMC9473162 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00257f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a fabrication approach that produces homogeneous core-satellite SERS encoded particles with minimal interparticle gaps (<2-3 nm) and maximum particle loading, while positioning the encoding agents at the gaps. Integration of plasmonic building blocks of different sizes, shapes, compositions, surface chemistries or encoding agents is achieved in a modular fashion with minimal modification of the general synthetic protocol. These materials present an outstanding optical performance with homogeneous enhancement factors over 4 orders of magnitude as compared with classical SERS encoded particles, which allows their use as single particle labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pazos-Perez
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica e Inorganica, EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Carrer de Marcel·lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Jamie M Fitzgerald
- Department of Physics Condensed Matter Theory, Imperial College London England UK
| | - Vincenzo Giannini
- Department of Physics Condensed Matter Theory, Imperial College London England UK
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas Serrano 121 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Luca Guerrini
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica e Inorganica, EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Carrer de Marcel·lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Ramon A Alvarez-Puebla
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica e Inorganica, EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Carrer de Marcel·lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
- ICREA Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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86
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Chang H, Lee YY, Lee HE, Ahn HY, Ko E, Nam KT, Jeong DH. Size-controllable and uniform gold bumpy nanocubes for single-particle-level surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensitivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9044-9051. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00138g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanocubes modified to form roughened structures with very strong and uniform single-particle surface-enhanced Raman scattering intensity were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Chang
- Division of Science Education
- Kangwon National University
- Chuncheon 24341
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Eun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Yong Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbyeol Ko
- Department of Chemistry Education
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Education
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
- Center for Education Research
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87
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Zhao J, Liu B. Nanoscale tracking plasmon-driven photocatalysis in individual nanojunctions by vibrational spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21742-21747. [PMID: 30431050 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07447j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic metal nanoparticles (NPs) are promising catalysts in photocatalytic reactions. Understanding the exact role of sites where two particles are approaching (hot spots) is important to achieve higher efficiency of photocatalysis, and promote the development of advanced plasmon-driven photocatalytic systems. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was employed to probe photocatalytic coupling reactions occurring at individual plasmonic nanojunctions that trap light to nanoscale while serving as nanoreactors. Compared with nanocavities fabricated using the small Ag NPs (70 nm or 82 nm), the 102 nm Ag NP-molecule-Au thin film nanojunction demonstrated enhanced reaction kinetics and catalytic efficiency. On the basis of the experimental results and theoretical modeling, it was concluded that the photochemical reaction dynamics and yields showed direct correlation with the local electric field enhancement at the nanojunction hot spot. The largely enhanced electric field generates increased hot plasmonic electrons, promoting chemical transformations of the adsorbed molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
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88
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Singh P, König TAF, Jaiswal A. NIR-Active Plasmonic Gold Nanocapsules Synthesized Using Thermally Induced Seed Twinning for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:39380-39390. [PMID: 30345737 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hollow and porous core-shell nanostructures with defined interior nanogaps are of great significance in the field of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications because of the presence of intrinsic electromagnetic (EM) hot spots, multipolar resonances, and multiple facets. Further, nanomaterials having extinction in the near-infrared (NIR) region are particularly important for SERS and biomedical applications, and thus it is highly desirable to synthesize NIR-active plasmonic nanostructures. Herein, we report the synthesis of gold nanocapsules having a solid Au bead as core and a thin-porous rod-shaped shell with extinction in both NIR I and NIR II regions. Thermally induced twinned seeds were used for the silver-free synthesis of pentatwinned Au bead, which served as the foundation for the directed growth of Ag nanorods, which was finally converted to Au nanocapsules following galvanic replacement reaction (GRR). Detailed investigation was carried out to understand the effect of thermal treatment duration in the seed morphology and its subsequent growth to anisotropic Au beads. Ag overgrowth on Au beads yielded uniform Au-bead@Ag nanorods whose size can be tuned by varying the Ag precursor. Five different sized Au-bead@Ag nanorods were studied, and they were converted to Au nanocapsules following GRR. We explored the size-dependent SERS activity of the prepared Au nanocapsules along with their comparison with solid pentatwinned Au beads and found that the smallest sized Au nanocapsules were the best SERS performers. Finite-difference time-domain simulation revealed the presence of intense EM hot spots in the smallest sized Au nanocapsule and corroborated the experimental SERS data. Finally, we fabricated a simple flexible cellulose-based SERS substrate by using the smallest sized Au nanocapsules and investigated its SERS sensing ability for the detection of 2-napthalenethiol (2-NT), as a model analyte, and were able to achieve its detection down to 1 fM concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Singh
- School of Basic Sciences , Indian Institute of Technology Mandi , Kamand, Mandi 175005 , Himachal Pradesh , India
| | - Tobias A F König
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics , Hohe Str. 6 , Dresden D-01069 , Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) , Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden D-01062 , Germany
| | - Amit Jaiswal
- School of Basic Sciences , Indian Institute of Technology Mandi , Kamand, Mandi 175005 , Himachal Pradesh , India
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89
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Lu M, Hong L, Liang Y, Charron B, Zhu H, Peng W, Masson JF. Enhancement of Gold Nanoparticle Coupling with a 2D Plasmonic Crystal at High Incidence Angles. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6683-6692. [PMID: 29738232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
2D nanoplasmonic substrates excited in transmission spectroscopy are ideal for several biosensing, metamaterial, and optical applications. We show that their excellent properties can be further improved with plasmonic coupling of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) on gold-coated nanodisk arrays excited at large incidence angles of up to 50°. The Bragg modes (BM) thereby strongly couple to AuNP immobilized on the plasmonic substrate due to shorter decay length of the plasmon at higher incidence angles, leading to a further enhanced field between the AuNP and the plasmonic substrate. The field was highest and two hotspots were created at orthogonal positions for AuNP located close to the corner of the Au film and Au nanodisk, which was also observed for AuNP dimers. Hybridization between single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) immobilized on the surface of the AuNPs and the capture ssDNA on the gold-coated nanodisk arrays led to at least a 5-fold signal improvement and a 7-fold lower limit of detection at 7 pM for ssDNA-functionalized AuNPs at large incident angles. Thus, we demonstrate that higher field strength can be accessed and the significant advantages of working with high incidence angles with AuNP on a 2D plasmonic crystal in plasmonic sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Lu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China.,Département de chimie and Centre Québécois sur les Matériaux Fonctionnels (CQMF) , Université de Montréal , CP. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville , Montreal , QC H3C 3J7 , Canada
| | - Long Hong
- School of Life Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yuzhang Liang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Benjamin Charron
- Département de chimie and Centre Québécois sur les Matériaux Fonctionnels (CQMF) , Université de Montréal , CP. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville , Montreal , QC H3C 3J7 , Canada
| | - Hu Zhu
- Département de chimie and Centre Québécois sur les Matériaux Fonctionnels (CQMF) , Université de Montréal , CP. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville , Montreal , QC H3C 3J7 , Canada
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jean-Francois Masson
- Département de chimie and Centre Québécois sur les Matériaux Fonctionnels (CQMF) , Université de Montréal , CP. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville , Montreal , QC H3C 3J7 , Canada
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91
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Chen S, Zhang Y, Shih TM, Yang W, Hu S, Hu X, Li J, Ren B, Mao B, Yang Z, Tian Z. Plasmon-Induced Magnetic Resonance Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2209-2216. [PMID: 29504760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon-induced magnetic resonance has shown great potentials in optical metamaterials, chemical (bio)-sensing, and surface-enhanced spectroscopies. Here, we have theoretically and experimentally revealed (1) a correspondence of the strongest near-field response to the far-field scattering valley and (2) a significant improvement in Raman signals of probing molecules by the plasmon-induced magnetic resonance. These revelations are accomplished by designing a simple and practical metallic nanoparticle-film plasmonic system that generates magnetic resonances at visible-near-infrared frequencies. Our work may provide new insights for understanding the enhancement mechanism of various plasmon-enhanced spectroscopies and also helps further explore light-matter interactions at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Chen
- Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Yuejiao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - Tien-Mo Shih
- Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Weimin Yang
- Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Shu Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - Bin Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - Bingwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - Zhilin Yang
- Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Zhongqun Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
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92
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Quero G, Zito G, Managò S, Galeotti F, Pisco M, De Luca AC, Cusano A. Nanosphere Lithography on Fiber: Towards Engineered Lab-On-Fiber SERS Optrodes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E680. [PMID: 29495322 PMCID: PMC5876675 DOI: 10.3390/s18030680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we report on the engineering of repeatable surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) optical fiber sensor devices (optrodes), as realized through nanosphere lithography. The Lab-on-Fiber SERS optrode consists of polystyrene nanospheres in a close-packed arrays configuration covered by a thin film of gold on the optical fiber tip. The SERS surfaces were fabricated by using a nanosphere lithography approach that is already demonstrated as able to produce highly repeatable patterns on the fiber tip. In order to engineer and optimize the SERS probes, we first evaluated and compared the SERS performances in terms of Enhancement Factor (EF) pertaining to different patterns with different nanosphere diameters and gold thicknesses. To this aim, the EF of SERS surfaces with a pitch of 500, 750 and 1000 nm, and gold films of 20, 30 and 40 nm have been retrieved, adopting the SERS signal of a monolayer of biphenyl-4-thiol (BPT) as a reliable benchmark. The analysis allowed us to identify of the most promising SERS platform: for the samples with nanospheres diameter of 500 nm and gold thickness of 30 nm, we measured values of EF of 4 × 10⁵, which is comparable with state-of-the-art SERS EF achievable with highly performing colloidal gold nanoparticles. The reproducibility of the SERS enhancement was thoroughly evaluated. In particular, the SERS intensity revealed intra-sample (i.e., between different spatial regions of a selected substrate) and inter-sample (i.e., between regions of different substrates) repeatability, with a relative standard deviation lower than 9 and 15%, respectively. Finally, in order to determine the most suitable optical fiber probe, in terms of excitation/collection efficiency and Raman background, we selected several commercially available optical fibers and tested them with a BPT solution used as benchmark. A fiber probe with a pure silica core of 200 µm diameter and high numerical aperture (i.e., 0.5) was found to be the most promising fiber platform, providing the best trade-off between high excitation/collection efficiency and low background. This work, thus, poses the basis for realizing reproducible and engineered Lab-on-Fiber SERS optrodes for in-situ trace detection directed toward highly advanced in vivo sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Quero
- Optoelectronic Division-Engineering Department, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Zito
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Stefano Managò
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Francesco Galeotti
- Institute for Macromolecular Studies, National Research Council, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Pisco
- Optoelectronic Division-Engineering Department, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Anna Chiara De Luca
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cusano
- Optoelectronic Division-Engineering Department, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
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93
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Colloidal design of plasmonic sensors based on surface enhanced Raman scattering. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 512:834-843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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94
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Chikkaraddy R, Turek VA, Kongsuwan N, Benz F, Carnegie C, van de Goor T, de Nijs B, Demetriadou A, Hess O, Keyser UF, Baumberg JJ. Mapping Nanoscale Hotspots with Single-Molecule Emitters Assembled into Plasmonic Nanocavities Using DNA Origami. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:405-411. [PMID: 29166033 PMCID: PMC5806994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating nanocavities in which optically active single quantum emitters are precisely positioned is crucial for building nanophotonic devices. Here we show that self-assembly based on robust DNA-origami constructs can precisely position single molecules laterally within sub-5 nm gaps between plasmonic substrates that support intense optical confinement. By placing single-molecules at the center of a nanocavity, we show modification of the plasmon cavity resonance before and after bleaching the chromophore and obtain enhancements of ≥4 × 103 with high quantum yield (≥50%). By varying the lateral position of the molecule in the gap, we directly map the spatial profile of the local density of optical states with a resolution of ±1.5 nm. Our approach introduces a straightforward noninvasive way to measure and quantify confined optical modes on the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Chikkaraddy
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department
of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - V. A. Turek
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department
of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Nuttawut Kongsuwan
- Blackett
Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Benz
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department
of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Cloudy Carnegie
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department
of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Tim van de Goor
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department
of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Bart de Nijs
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department
of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Demetriadou
- Blackett
Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ortwin Hess
- Blackett
Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich F. Keyser
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department
of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department
of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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95
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Yoon JH, Selbach F, Langolf L, Schlücker S. Ideal Dimers of Gold Nanospheres for Precision Plasmonics: Synthesis and Characterization at the Single-Particle Level for Identification of Higher Order Modes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14. [PMID: 29178555 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ideal dimers comprising gold nanoparticles with a smooth surface and high sphericity are synthesized by a substrate-based assembly strategy with efficient cetyltrimethylammonium bromide removal. An unprecedented structural and plasmonic uniformity at the single-particle level is observed since inhomogeneities resulting from variations in gap morphology are eliminated. Single ideal dimers are analyzed by polarization-resolved dark-field scattering spectroscopy. Contributions from transverse as well as quadrupolar and octupolar longitudinal plasmon coupling modes can be discriminated because of their orthogonal polarization behavior. The assignment of these higher order coupling modes is supported by computer simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hee Yoon
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Selbach
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Ludmilla Langolf
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schlücker
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
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96
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Kleemann ME, Chikkaraddy R, Alexeev EM, Kos D, Carnegie C, Deacon W, de Pury AC, Große C, de Nijs B, Mertens J, Tartakovskii AI, Baumberg JJ. Strong-coupling of WSe 2 in ultra-compact plasmonic nanocavities at room temperature. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1296. [PMID: 29101317 PMCID: PMC5670138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong coupling of monolayer metal dichalcogenide semiconductors with light offers encouraging prospects for realistic exciton devices at room temperature. However, the nature of this coupling depends extremely sensitively on the optical confinement and the orientation of electronic dipoles and fields. Here, we show how plasmon strong coupling can be achieved in compact, robust, and easily assembled gold nano-gap resonators at room temperature. We prove that strong-coupling is impossible with monolayers due to the large exciton coherence size, but resolve clear anti-crossings for greater than 7 layer devices with Rabi splittings exceeding 135 meV. We show that such structures improve on prospects for nonlinear exciton functionalities by at least 104, while retaining quantum efficiencies above 50%, and demonstrate evidence for superlinear light emission. Two-dimensional materials offer the prospect of excitonic devices operating at room-temperature. Here, Kleemann et al. demonstrate that by tuning the number of WSe2 layers in a nanoparticle-on-mirror geometry, room-temperature plasmon strong-coupling can be achieved with large Rabi splittings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Elena Kleemann
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Rohit Chikkaraddy
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Evgeny M Alexeev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - Dean Kos
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Cloudy Carnegie
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Will Deacon
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Alex Casalis de Pury
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Christoph Große
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Bart de Nijs
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jan Mertens
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | | | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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97
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Kolhatkar G, Plathier J, Pignolet A, Ruediger A. Effect of the gold crystallinity on the enhanced luminescence signal of scanning probe tips in apertureless near-field optical microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:25929-25937. [PMID: 29041255 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.025929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of gold tip crystallinity on their spectral amplification characteristics, monitored through the luminescence enhanced by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), is investigated experimentally. As the tip radius increases, the grains composing polycrystalline tips become larger, resulting in a blueshift of the emission while a redshift of the SPR was predicted for monocrystalline gold. This reveals that the effect of the grain size, a parameter that has not been considered so far, is dominant over that of the tip radius. This study is significant to apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy, where the gold tip emission defines the spectral antenna range.
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98
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Soundiraraju B, George BK. Two-Dimensional Titanium Nitride (Ti 2N) MXene: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Application as Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate. ACS NANO 2017; 11:8892-8900. [PMID: 28846394 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis, characterization, and application of Ti2N (MXene), a two-dimensional transition metal nitride of M2X type. Synthesis of nitride-based MXenes (Mn+1Nn) is difficult due to their higher formation energy from Mn+1ANn and poor stability of Mn+1Nn layers in the etchant employed, typically HF. Herein, the selective etching of Al from ternary layered transition metal nitride Ti2AlN (MAX) and intercalation were achieved by immersing the powder in a mixture of potassium fluoride and hydrochloric acid. The multilayered Ti2NTx (T is the surface termination) obtained was sonicated in DMSO and centrifuged to obtain few-layered Ti2NTx. MXene formation was verified, and the material was completely characterized by Raman spectroscopy, XRD, XPS, FESEM-EDS, TEM, STM, and AFM techniques. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity of the synthesized Ti2NTx was investigated by fabricating paper, silicon, and glass-based SERS substrates. A Raman enhancement factor of 1012 was demonstrated using rhodamine 6G as the model compound with 532 nm excitation wavelength. Detection of trace level explosives with a simple paper-based SERS substrate with Ti2N (MXene) as active material was also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneswari Soundiraraju
- Analytical, Spectroscopy and Ceramics Group, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre , Thiruvananthapuram 695022, Kerala, India
| | - Benny Kattikkanal George
- Analytical, Spectroscopy and Ceramics Group, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre , Thiruvananthapuram 695022, Kerala, India
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99
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Deacon WM, Lombardi A, Benz F, Del Valle-Inclan Redondo Y, Chikkaraddy R, de Nijs B, Kleemann ME, Mertens J, Baumberg JJ. Interrogating Nanojunctions Using Ultraconfined Acoustoplasmonic Coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:023901. [PMID: 28753345 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.023901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Single nanoparticles are shown to develop a localized acoustic resonance, the bouncing mode, when placed on a substrate. If both substrate and nanoparticle are noble metals, plasmonic coupling of the nanoparticle to its image charges in the film induces tight light confinement in the nanogap. This yields ultrastrong "acoustoplasmonic" coupling with a figure of merit 7 orders of magnitude higher than conventional acousto-optic modulators. The plasmons thus act as a local vibrational probe of the contact geometry. A simple analytical mechanical model is found to describe the bouncing mode in terms of the nanoscale structure, allowing transient pump-probe spectroscopy to directly measure the contact area for individual nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Deacon
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Lombardi
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Benz
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rohit Chikkaraddy
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Bart de Nijs
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Elena Kleemann
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Mertens
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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100
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Ramya A, Ambily P, Sujitha B, Arumugam M, Maiti KK. Single cell lipid profiling of Scenedesmus quadricauda CASA-CC202 under nitrogen starved condition by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) fingerprinting. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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