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The relationship among gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and intestinal morphology of growing and healthy broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5883-5895. [PMID: 33142506 PMCID: PMC7647869 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota play an important role in the growth and intestinal health of broilers. The present study was to investigate the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and intestinal morphology of broilers at different ages. A total of 320 one-day-old male broilers were raised in 8 replicates and fed the same corn–soybean diets for 42 D. The duodenal, jejunal, and ileal segments and their and cecal microbiota were collected on day 1, 7, 14, 21, and 42, respectively. The villous height (VH), crypt depth (CD), and their ratio of VH:CD in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum all increased (P < 0.05) with age. Caecal acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, and isovalerate increased (P < 0.01), but isobutyrate decreased (P < 0.001) with age. The cecum had the greatest (P < 0.001) alpha diversity of bacterial community in broilers at different ages. Beta diversities showed distinct differences in gut microbial compositions among different ages (R = 0.55, P < 0.002) and different intestinal segments (R = 0.53, P < 0.002). Lactobacillus was the most abundant genus in the duodenum (36∼97%), jejunum (39∼72%), and ileum (24∼96%) at all ages, and in the ileum, it was positively correlated with VH (R = 0.559, P < 0.03), VH:CD (R = 0.55, P < 0.03), and acetate contents (R = 0.541, P < 0.04) but negatively correlated (R = -0.50, P < 0.05) with isobutyrate contents. Escherichia–Shigella and Salmonella dominated in the cecum of newly hatched broilers, and then the Bacteroides dominated in the cecum on day 42. In the cecum, Escherichia–Shigella was positively correlated (R = 0.577∼0.662, P < 0.05) with isobutyrate contents and Salmonella negatively correlated (R = -0.539∼-0.843, P < 0.05) with isovalerate, butyrate, and acetate contents. These aforementioned results indicated that the most abundant Lactobacillus from the small intestine and the most diversity of microflora community and short-chain fatty acids in the cecum might contribute to the development of intestinal structure in the whole growing period of broilers.
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Dey P. Targeting gut barrier dysfunction with phytotherapies: Effective strategy against chronic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105135. [PMID: 32814166 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial layer serves as a physical and functional barrier between the microbe-rich lumen and immunologically active submucosa; it prevents systemic translocation of microbial pyrogenic products (e.g. endotoxin) that elicits immune activation upon translocation to the systemic circulation. Loss of barrier function has been associated with chronic 'low-grade' systemic inflammation which underlies pathogenesis of numerous no-communicable chronic inflammatory disease. Thus, targeting gut barrier dysfunction is an effective strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of chronic disease. This review intends to emphasize on the beneficial effects of herbal formulations, phytochemicals and traditional phytomedicines in attenuating intestinal barrier dysfunction. It also aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of intestinal-level events leading to a 'leaky-gut' and systemic complications mediated by endotoxemia. Additionally, a variety of detectable markers and diagnostic criteria utilized to evaluate barrier improving capacities of experimental therapeutics has been discussed. Collectively, this review provides rationale for targeting gut barrier dysfunction by phytotherapies for treating chronic diseases that are associated with endotoxemia-induced systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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Ni Y, Ni L, Zhuge F, Fu Z. The Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites, Novel Targets for Treating and Preventing Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000375. [PMID: 32738185 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders worldwide, along with obesity and type 2 diabetes. NAFLD involves a series of liver abnormalities from simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which can ultimately lead to liver cirrhosis and cancer. The gut-liver axis plays an important role in the development of NAFLD, which depends mainly on regulation of the gut microbiota and its bacterial products. These intestinal bacterial species and their metabolites, including bile acids, tryptophan catabolites, and branched-chain amino acids, regulate adipose tissue and intestinal homeostasis and contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In this review, the current evidence regarding the key role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD is highlighted, and the advances in the progression and applied prospects of gut microbiota-targeted dietary and exercise therapies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| | - Liyang Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
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Dai X, Guo Z, Chen D, Li L, Song X, Liu T, Jin G, Li Y, Liu Y, Ajiguli A, Yang C, Wang B, Cao H. Maternal sucralose intake alters gut microbiota of offspring and exacerbates hepatic steatosis in adulthood. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1043-1063. [PMID: 32228300 PMCID: PMC7524393 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1738187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be associated with diet and gut dysbiosis. Excessive sucralose can induce gut dysbiosis and negatively affect host health. Maternal diet shapes the microbial communities of neonate and this effect continues in later life. We aimed to investigate the effects of maternal sucralose (MS) intake on the susceptibility of offspring to hepatic steatosis in adulthood. METHODS C57BL/6 pregnant mice were randomized into MS group (MS during gestation and lactation) and maternal control (MC) group (MC diet). After weaning, all offspring were fed a control diet until 8 weeks of age, and then treated with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks. The intestinal development, mucosal barrier function, and gut microbiota were assessed in the 3-week-old offspring. Moreover, the severity of hepatic steatosis, serum biochemistry, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota was then assessed in the 12th week. RESULTS MS significantly inhibited intestinal development and disrupted barrier function in 3-week-old offspring. MS also induced intestinal low-grade inflammation, significantly changed the compositions and diversity of gut microbiota including reducing butyrate-producing bacteria and cecal butyrate production with down-regulation of GPR43. Mechanically, blocking GPR43 blunted the anti-inflammatory effect of one of the butyrate-producing bacteria, Clostridium butyricum in vitro. After HFD treatment, MS exacerbated hepatic steatosis, and disturbed fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism, accompanied by inducing gut dysbiosis compared with MC group. CONCLUSIONS MS intake inhibits intestinal development, induces gut dysbiosis in offspring through down-regulation of GPR43, and exacerbates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Danfeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueli Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hotan District People’s Hospital, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, China
| | - Aihemaiti Ajiguli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hotan District People’s Hospital, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine,Tianjin
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,CONTACT Bangmao Wang Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGeneral Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, China, Tianjin , 300052
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hotan District People’s Hospital, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, China,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine,Tianjin,Hailong Cao Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin300052, China
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Chen L, Zhang L, Wang W, Qiu W, Liu L, Ning A, Cao J, Huang M, Zhong M. Polysaccharides isolated from Cordyceps Sinensis contribute to the progression of NASH by modifying the gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232972. [PMID: 32512581 PMCID: PMC7279895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various dietary fibers are considered to prevent obesity by modulating the gut microbiota. Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide (CSP) is a soluble dietary fiber known to have protective effects against obesity and related diseases, but whether these effects induce any side effects remains unknown. The function and safety of CSP were tested in high-fat diet (HFD)-feding C57BL/6J mice. The results revealed that even though CSP supplementation could prevent an increase in body weight, it aggravated liver fibrosis and steatosis as evidenced by increased inflammation, lipid metabolism markers, insulin resistance (IR) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in HFD-induced obesity. 16S rDNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota composition, and the relative abundance of the Actinobacteria phylum, including the Olsenella genus, was significantly higher in CSP-treated mice than in HFD-fed mice. CSP supplementation may increase the proportion of Actinobacteria, which can degrade CSP. The high level of Actinobacteria aggravated the disorder of the intestinal flora and contributed to the progression from obesity to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Liangyu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Wendong Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Anhong Ning
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Mintao Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Xu Y, Guo W, Zhang C, Chen F, Tan HY, Li S, Wang N, Feng Y. Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases-Efficacy, Action Mechanism, and Clinical Application. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:601. [PMID: 32477116 PMCID: PMC7235193 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease with high prevalence in the developed countries. NAFLD has been considered as one of the leading causes of cryptogenic cirrhosis and chronic liver disease. The individuals with obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, and hypertension cardiovascular disease have a high risk to develop NAFLD. The related critical pathological events are associated with the development of NAFLD including insulin resistance, lipid metabolism dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. The development of NAFLD range from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Hepatic steatosis is characterized by fat accumulation, which represents the early stage of NAFLD. Then, inflammation triggered by steatosis drives early NAFLD progression into NASH. Therefore, the amelioration of steatosis and inflammation is essential for NAFLD therapy. The herbal medicine have taken great effects on the improvement of steatosis and inflammation for treating NAFLD. It has been found out that these effects involved the multiple mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism and inflammation. In this review, we pay particular attention on herbal medicine treatment and make summary about the research of herbal medicine, including herb formula, herb extract and naturals compound on NAFLD. We make details about their protective effects, the mechanism of action involved in the amelioration steatosis and inflammation for NAFLD therapy as well as the clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Feiyu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hor Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Zhang R, Gao X, Bai H, Ning K. Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiome: Their Respective and Concert Effects on Healthcare. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:538. [PMID: 32390855 PMCID: PMC7188910 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in systems biology, particularly based on the omics approaches, have resulted in a paradigm shift in both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the gut microbiome research. In line with this paradigm shift, the importance of TCM and gut microbiome in healthcare, as well as their interplay, has become clearer. Firstly, we briefly summarize the current status of three topics in this review: microbiome, TCM, and relationship of TCM and microbiome. Second, we focused on TCM's therapeutic effects and gut microbiome's mediation roles, including the relationships among diet, gut microbiome, and health care. Third, we have summarized some databases and tools to help understand the impact of TCM and gut microbiome on diagnosis and treatment at the molecular level. Finally, we introduce the effects of gut microbiome on TCM and host health, with two case studies, one on the metabolic effect of gut microbiome on TCM, and another on cancer treatment. In summary, we have reviewed the current status of the two components of healthcare: TCM and gut microbiome, as well as their concert effects. It is quite clear that as the holobiont, the maintenance of the health status of human would depend heavily on TCM, gut microbiome, and their combined effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Ning
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ito I, Loucas BD, Suzuki S, Kobayashi M, Suzuki F. Glycyrrhizin Protects γ-Irradiated Mice from Gut Bacteria-Associated Infectious Complications by Improving miR-222-Associated Gas5 RNA Reduction in Macrophages of the Bacterial Translocation Site. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1255-1262. [PMID: 31941655 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gut bacteria-associated sepsis is a serious concern in patients with gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome (GIARS). In our previous studies, gut bacteria-associated sepsis caused high mortality rates in mice exposed to 6-9 Gy of γ-rays. IL-12+CD38+ iNOS+ Mϕ (M1Mϕ) located in the bacterial translocation site (mesenteric lymph nodes [MLNs]) of unirradiated mice were characterized as host defense antibacterial effector cells. However, cells isolated from the MLNs of GIARS mice were mostly CCL1+IL-10+LIGHT+miR-27a+ Mϕ (M2bMϕ, inhibitor cells for the M1Mϕ polarization). Reduced long noncoding RNA Gas5 and increased miR-222 expression in MLN-Mϕ influenced by the irradiation were shown to be associated with M2bMϕ polarization. In this study, the mortality of mice exposed to 7 Gy of γ-rays (7 Gy GIARS mice) was completely controlled after the administration of glycyrrhizin (GL), a major active ingredient in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra). Bacterial translocation and subsequent sepsis were minimal in 7 Gy GIARS mice treated with GL. Increased Gas5 RNA level and decreased miR-222 expression were shown in MLN-Mϕ isolated from 7 Gy GIARS mice treated with GL, and these macrophages did not display any properties of M2bMϕ. These results indicate that gut bacteria-associated sepsis in 7 Gy GIARS mice was controlled by the GL through the inhibition of M2bMϕ polarization at the bacteria translocation site. Expression of Ccl1, a gene required for M2bMϕ survival, is silenced in the MLNs of 7 Gy GIARS mice because of Gas5 RNA, which is increased in these cells after the suppression of miR-222 (a Gas5 RNA expression inhibitor) by the GL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiaki Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Bradford D Loucas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; and
| | - Sumihiro Suzuki
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Makiko Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Fujio Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555;
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Relationship between Changes in Microbiota and Liver Steatosis Induced by High-Fat Feeding-A Review of Rodent Models. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092156. [PMID: 31505802 PMCID: PMC6770892 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have observed that gut microbiota can play a critical role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development. The gut microbiota is influenced by different environmental factors, which include diet. The aim of the present review is to summarize the information provided in the literature concerning the impact of changes in gut microbiota on the effects which dietary fat has on liver steatosis in rodent models. Most studies in which high-fat feeding has induced steatosis have reported reduced microbiota diversity, regardless of the percentage of energy provided by fat. At the phylum level, an increase in Firmicutes and a reduction in Bacteroidetes is commonly found, although widely diverging results have been described at class, order, family, and genus levels, likely due to differences in experimental design. Unfortunately, this fact makes it difficult to reach clear conclusions concerning the specific microbiota patterns associated with this feeding pattern. With regard to the relationship between high-fat feeding-induced changes in liver and microbiota composition, although several mechanisms such as alteration of gut integrity and increased permeability, inflammation, and metabolite production have been proposed, more scientific evidence is needed to address this issue and thus further studies are needed.
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Knudsen C, Neyrinck AM, Lanthier N, Delzenne NM. Microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: promising prospects for clinical interventions? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2019; 22:393-400. [PMID: 31219825 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most important cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries but no pharmacological therapy is currently available. Growing evidence suggests that the microbiota plays a role in the occurrence and evolution of this disease, namely through the production of bioactive metabolites. RECENT FINDINGS Omics technologies (metagenomic, metabolomic, and phenomic data) allow providing a robust prediction of steatosis. More than just correlations, causative effects of certain bacterial metabolites have been evidenced in vitro and in rodent models. Butyrate has been shown to be a potent metabolic and inflammatory modulator in the liver. Several aromatic amino-acids such as phenylacetic acid, imidazole propionate, and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate have been identified as potential inducers of steatosis and hepatic inflammation, whereas indolic compounds (indole and indole-3-acetate) seem to preserve liver integrity. Current clinical trials aim at evaluating the efficacy of novel approaches (functional foods, prebiotic and probiotics, and fecal microbial transplants). SUMMARY The microbiota brings new hopes in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Adequate intervention studies in targeted patients are needed to unravel the relevance of such approaches in the management of those liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Knudsen
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lanthier
- Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Feng Y, Huang Y, Wang Y, Wang P, Song H, Wang F. Antibiotics induced intestinal tight junction barrier dysfunction is associated with microbiota dysbiosis, activated NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218384. [PMID: 31211803 PMCID: PMC6581431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junction barrier is critical to intestinal homeostasis. Applying antibiotics to treat infections is common in clinical practice, which may affect intestinal microbiota. Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is involved in the occurrence of some gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the influence of antibiotics on intestinal tight junction barrier and the possible underlying mechanisms. Healthy adult female C57BL/6 mice were treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail for 14 days. 16S rDNA Illumina sequencing and headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) were respectively used to analyze microbial community and to detect short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) contents. In vivo intestinal paracellular permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran) was measured. Protein expression was determined by immunoblotting. Immunofluoresence was applied to observe the distributions of ZO-1, LC3B and ASC. Antibiotics remarkably altered intestinal microbiota composition in healthy mice, accompanying reduced SCFAs' concentrations. In addition, the intestinal tight junction barrier was disrupted by antibiotic treatment, as evidenced by increased intestinal paracellular permeability to FITC-dextran, decreased tight junction protein expressions, and disrupted ZO-1 morphology. Furthermore, NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy were activated by antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier dysfunction induced by antibiotics is associated with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, activated NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yalan Huang
- Department of Military Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huapei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Ezzaidi N, Zhang X, Coker OO, Yu J. New insights and therapeutic implication of gut microbiota in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its associated liver cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 459:186-191. [PMID: 31185249 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.114425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract represents one of the largest interfaces between the host and environmental factors. It contains a vast and complex community of microbes, forming what is collectively known as the microbiota. This gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of health, and 'dysbiosis' of the gut microbiota, commonly considered as perturbation of microbiota diversity and composition, has been associated with intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its associated hepatocellular carcinoma (NAFLD-HCC). In this review, we highlight microbiota dysbiosis and the microbiota-host interactions that link to the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NAFLD-HCC. We discuss the potential therapeutic implications of the gut microbiota in the progression of NAFLD-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niama Ezzaidi
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; MChem Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Sussex, UK
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Olabisi Oluwabukola Coker
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Song L, Xie W, Liu Z, Guo D, Zhao D, Qiao X, Wang L, Zhou H, Cui W, Jiang Y, Li Y, Xu Y, Tang L. Oral delivery of a Lactococcus lactis strain secreting bovine lactoferricin-lactoferrampin alleviates the development of acute colitis in mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6169-6186. [PMID: 31165225 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing disease. Treatment of UC would benefit from specific targeting of therapeutics to the intestine. Previous studies have demonstrated that bovine lactoferricin and lactoferrampin have bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Here, we investigated whether oral administration of a bovine lactoferricin-lactoferrampin (LFCA)-encoding Lactococcus lactis (LL-LFCA) strain could alleviate experimental colitis. LFCA derived from LL-LFCA inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. In mice, administration of LL-LFCA decreased the disease activity index and attenuated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced body weight loss and colon shortening. LL-LFCA treatment also ameliorated DSS-induced colon damage, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity, and ameliorated DSS-induced disruption of intestinal permeability and tight junctions. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing showed that LL-LFCA reversed DSS-induced gut dysbiosis. The production of proinflammatory mediators in serum and the colon was also reduced by administration of LL-LFCA. In vitro, LFCA derived from LL-LFCA decreased the messenger RNA expression of proinflammatory factors. The underlying mechanisms may involve inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. The results demonstrate that LL-LFCA ameliorates DSS-induced intestinal injury in mice, suggesting that LL-LFCA might be an effective drug for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Weichun Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihang Liu
- Bio-pharmaceutical Lab, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dian Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Dongfang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Yijing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China
| | - Yigang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China. .,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China.
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China. .,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Chang Jiang Road No. 600, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, China.
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