51
|
Yang W, Qu G, Lai F, Liu Y, Ji Z, Xu Y, Song Q, Han J, Xiao S. Dynamic Bifunctional Metasurfaces for Holography and Color Display. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101258. [PMID: 34309091 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces have shown their unprecedented ability in wavefront shaping and triggered various applications with state-of-the-art performances, e.g., color nanoprinting and metaholograms. Recently, these two functions have been combined into a single metasurface to further expand its capabilities. Despite the progress, the current dual-mode metasurfaces are mostly static and strongly hinder their practical applications. Herein, the realization of dynamic bifunctional metasurfaces is reported. Five metaholograms at two different wavelengths are multiplexed with structural colors by controlling the spectral and phase response of metasurface. Owing to the destructive interference and the resonance on external environment, the light diffraction at particular wavelengths can be switched between "ON" and "OFF" states, or remain unchanged with the change of surrounding refractive index. Consequently, the encoded metaholograms are selectively turned on and off, making the overall holographic image dynamically switchable. This concept paves a solid step toward practical applications of all-dielectric metasurfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Geyang Qu
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fangxing Lai
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ziheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qinghai Song
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiecai Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shumin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Abstract
The full manipulation of intrinsic properties of electromagnetic waves has become the central target in various modern optical technologies. Optical metasurfaces have been suggested for a complete control of light-matter interaction with subwavelength structures, and they have been explored widely in the past decade for creating next-generation multifunctional flat-optics devices. The current studies of metasurfaces have reached a mature stage where common materials, basic optical physics, and conventional engineering tools have been explored extensively for various applications such as light bending, metalenses, metaholograms, and many others. A natural question is where the future research on metasurfaces will be going: Quo vadis, metasurfaces? In this Mini Review, we provide perspectives on the future developments of optical metasurfaces. Specifically, we highlight recent progresses on hybrid metasurfaces employing low-dimensional materials and discuss biomedical, computational, and quantum applications of metasurfaces, followed by discussions of challenges and foreseeing the future of metasurface physics and engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Cubic-Phase Metasurface for Three-Dimensional Optical Manipulation. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071730. [PMID: 34209225 PMCID: PMC8308168 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The optical tweezer is one of the important techniques for contactless manipulation in biological research to control the motion of tiny objects. For three-dimensional (3D) optical manipulation, shaped light beams have been widely used. Typically, spatial light modulators are used for shaping light fields. However, they suffer from bulky size, narrow operational bandwidth, and limitations of incident polarization states. Here, a cubic-phase dielectric metasurface, composed of GaN circular nanopillars, is designed and fabricated to generate a polarization-independent vertically accelerated two-dimensional (2D) Airy beam in the visible region. The distinctive propagation characteristics of a vertically accelerated 2D Airy beam, including non-diffraction, self-acceleration, and self-healing, are experimentally demonstrated. An optical manipulation system equipped with a cubic-phase metasurface is designed to perform 3D manipulation of microscale particles. Due to the high-intensity gradients and the reciprocal propagation trajectory of Airy beams, particles can be laterally shifted and guided along the axial direction. In addition, the performance of optical trapping is quantitatively evaluated by experimentally measured trapping stiffness. Our metasurface has great potential to shape light for compact systems in the field of physics and biological applications.
Collapse
|
54
|
Luo Y, Chu CH, Vyas S, Kuo HY, Chia YH, Chen MK, Shi X, Tanaka T, Misawa H, Huang YY, Tsai DP. Varifocal Metalens for Optical Sectioning Fluorescence Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5133-5142. [PMID: 34097419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy with optical sectioning capabilities is extensively utilized in biological research to obtain three-dimensional structural images of volumetric samples. Tunable lenses have been applied in microscopy for axial scanning to acquire multiplane images. However, images acquired by conventional tunable lenses suffer from spherical aberration and distortions. Here, we design, fabricate, and implement a dielectric Moiré metalens for fluorescence imaging. The Moiré metalens consists of two complementary phase metasurfaces, with variable focal length, ranging from ∼10 to ∼125 mm at 532 nm by tuning mutual angles. In addition, a telecentric configuration using the Moiré metalens is designed for high-contrast multiplane fluorescence imaging. The performance of our system is evaluated by optically sectioned images obtained from HiLo illumination of fluorescently labeled beads, as well as ex vivo mice intestine tissue samples. The compact design of the varifocal metalens may find important applications in fluorescence microscopy and endoscopy for clinical purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- YongLin Institute of Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Hung Chu
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Innovative Photon Manipulation Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sunil Vyas
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Yu Kuo
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu Hsin Chia
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Mu Ku Chen
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xu Shi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takuo Tanaka
- Innovative Photon Manipulation Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Metamaterial Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Misawa
- Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yi-You Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Santos G, Gonzalez F, Ortiz D, Saiz JM, Losurdo M, Moreno F, Gutierrez Y. Dynamic reflective color pixels based on molybdenum oxide. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:19417-19426. [PMID: 34266051 DOI: 10.1364/oe.424763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Active materials which show phase transitions, usually known as Phase Change Materials (PCM), have paved the way to a new generation of reconfigurable plasmonic platforms. Tunable color devices have experienced a great development in the recent years. In particular, reflective color filters can take advantage from sunlight to select and reflect a specific resonant wavelength in the visible spectrum range. Reflective displays are usually structural color filters based on asymmetric Fabry-Perot cavities (AFPCs). For a fixed geometry, most of AFPCs filters generate static color, limiting their potential as tunable color devices. Dynamic color is achieved by introducing an active layer whose optical properties can be modulated by an external stimuli. In this paper, we propose AFPCs based on molybdenum oxide (MoOx, 2<x<3) to achieve switchable on/off color reflective pixels. On and off states of the pixels are controlled through the stoichiometry of the MoOx layer.
Collapse
|
56
|
Luo XY, Guo WL, Qu K, Hu Q, Chen K, Tang H, Zhao J, Jiang T, Feng Y. Quad-channel independent wavefront encoding with dual-band multitasking metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:15678-15688. [PMID: 33985264 DOI: 10.1364/oe.419212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Achieving multiple electromagnetic (EM) functionalities on a shared aperture in dual frequency bands is crucial for many applications; however, existing dual-band metasurfaces are affected by limited channels or narrow bandwidths. Herein, we propose a reflective coding metasurface that empowers four independent EM functionalities in quad-polarization channels in two wide frequency bands. By integrating quasi-I-shaped and cross-shaped metastructures, the meta-atom can feature independent phase modulation for two orthogonally linear and two decoupled circular polarizations at low and high frequencies, respectively. To validate the proposed metasurface, a multifunctional metadevice is designed that integrates beam deflection, diffuse scattering, and vortex beam generation. Both experimental and simulation results indicate distinct wavefront tailoring in each channel. The proposed multi-functional metasurface with low cross-talk and independent phase modulation depending on frequencies and polarizations may unlock the metasurfaces' potentials for complete wavefront control in EM function integration, multiple channel communication, polarization optics, etc.
Collapse
|
57
|
Xiong B, Xu Y, Wang J, Li L, Deng L, Cheng F, Peng RW, Wang M, Liu Y. Realizing Colorful Holographic Mimicry by Metasurfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005864. [PMID: 33870557 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mimicry is a biological camouflage phenomenon whereby an organism can change its shape and color to resemble another object. Herein, the idea of biological mimicry and rich degrees of freedom in metasurface designs are combined to realize holographic mimicry devices. A general mathematical method, called phase matrix transformation, to accomplish the holographic mimicry process is proposed. Based on this method, a dynamic metasurface hologram is designed, which shows an image of a "bird" in the air, and a distinct image of a "fish" when the environment is changed to oil. Furthermore, to make the mimicry behavior more generic, holographic mimicry operating at dual wavelengths is also designed and experimentally demonstrated. Moreover, the fully independent phase modulation realized by phase matrix transformation makes the working efficiency of the device relatively higher than the conventional multiwavelength holographic devices with off-axis illumination or interleaved subarrays. The work potentially opens a new research paradigm interfacing bionics with nanophotonics, which may produce novel applications for optical information encryption, virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR), and military camouflage systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yihao Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jianan Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ru-Wen Peng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Mu Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yongmin Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Frese D, Wei Q, Wang Y, Cinchetti M, Huang L, Zentgraf T. Nonlinear Bicolor Holography Using Plasmonic Metasurfaces. ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:1013-1019. [PMID: 34060536 PMCID: PMC8157531 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear metasurface holography shows the great potential of metasurfaces to control the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light while simultaneously converting the frequency of the light. The possibility of tailoring the scattering properties of a coherent beam, as well as the scattering properties of nonlinear signals originating from the meta-atoms, facilitates a huge degree of freedom in beam shaping application. Recently, several approaches showed that virtual objects or any kind of optical information can be generated at a wavelength different from the laser input beam. Here, we demonstrate a single-layer nonlinear geometric-phase metasurface made of plasmonic nanostructures for a simultaneous second- and third-harmonic generation. Different from previous works, we demonstrate a two-color hologram with dissimilar types of nanostructures that generate the color information by different nonlinear optical processes. The amplitude ratio of both harmonic signals can be adapted depending on the nanostructures' resonance as well as the power and the wavelength of the incident laser beam. The two-color holographic image is reconstructed in the Fourier space at visible wavelengths with equal amplitudes using a single near-infrared wavelength. Nonlinear holography using multiple nonlinear processes simultaneously provides an alternative path to holographic color display applications, enhanced optical encryption schemes, and multiplexed optical data storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Frese
- Department of Physics, Paderborn
University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn,
Germany
| | - Qunshuo Wei
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing
Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Yongtian Wang
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing
Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Mirko Cinchetti
- Experimentelle Physik VI, Technische
Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund,
Germany
| | - Lingling Huang
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing
Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas Zentgraf
- Department of Physics, Paderborn
University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn,
Germany
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Zhao M, Chen MK, Zhuang ZP, Zhang Y, Chen A, Chen Q, Liu W, Wang J, Chen ZM, Wang B, Liu X, Yin H, Xiao S, Shi L, Dong JW, Zi J, Tsai DP. Phase characterisation of metalenses. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:52. [PMID: 33692330 PMCID: PMC7947014 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metalenses have emerged as a new optical element or system in recent years, showing superior performance and abundant applications. However, the phase distribution of a metalens has not been measured directly up to now, hindering further quantitative evaluation of its performance. We have developed an interferometric imaging phase measurement system to measure the phase distribution of a metalens by taking only one photo of the interference pattern. Based on the measured phase distribution, we analyse the negative chromatic aberration effect of monochromatic metalenses and propose a feature size of metalenses. Different sensitivities of the phase response to wavelength between the Pancharatnam-Berry phase-based metalens and propagation phase-reliant metalens are directly observed in the experiment. Furthermore, through phase distribution analysis, it is found that the distance between the measured metalens and the brightest spot of focusing will deviate from the focal length when the metalens has a low nominal numerical aperture, even though the metalens is ideal without any fabrication error. We also use the measured phase distribution to quantitatively characterise the imaging performance of the metalens. Our phase measurement system will help not only designers optimise the designs of metalenses but also fabricants distinguish defects to improve the fabrication process, which will pave the way for metalenses in industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maoxiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu Ku Chen
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ze-Peng Zhuang
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Ang Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Optical Metrology for Nano-fabrication (SERCOM), 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinmiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Ming Chen
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiwei Yin
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Optical Metrology for Nano-fabrication (SERCOM), 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Shumin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Optical Metrology for Nano-fabrication (SERCOM), 200433, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian-Wen Dong
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jian Zi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Wen D, Cadusch JJ, Meng J, Crozier KB. Vectorial Holograms with Spatially Continuous Polarization Distributions. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1735-1741. [PMID: 33544611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metasurface-based holography presents opportunities for applications that include optical displays, data storage, and optical encryption. Holograms that control polarization are sometimes referred to as vectorial holograms. Most studies on this topic have concerned devices that display different images when illuminated with different polarization states. Fewer studies have demonstrated holographic images whose polarization varies spatially, i.e., as a function of the position within the image. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a vectorial hologram that produces an image with a spatially continuous distribution of polarization states, for the first time to our knowledge. An unlimited number of polarization states can be achieved within the image. Furthermore, the holographic image and its polarization map (polarization vs position in image) are independent. The same image can be thus encoded with different polarization maps. As far as we know, our approach is conceptually new. We anticipate that it could broaden the application scope of metasurface holography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jasper J Cadusch
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jiajun Meng
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kenneth B Crozier
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Shi X, Meng D, Qin Z, He Q, Sun S, Zhou L, Smith DR, Liu QH, Bourouina T, Liang Z. All-dielectric orthogonal doublet cylindrical metalens in long-wave infrared regions. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:3524-3532. [PMID: 33770949 DOI: 10.1364/oe.414001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metalens have been recently introduced to overcome shortcomings of traditional lenses and optical systems, such as large volume and complicated assembly. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we design an all-dielectric converging cylindrical metalens (CML) for working in long-wave infrared regions around 9 µm, which is made up of silicon-pillar on MgF2 dielectric layer. We further demonstrate the focusing effect of an orthogonal doublet cylindrical metalens (ODCM). Two CMLs are combined orthogonally and a circular focusing spot was demonstrated. This proves that within a certain size range, the focusing effect achieved by the ODCM is similar to that of a traditional circular metalens.
Collapse
|
62
|
Jiang L, Li X, Wu Q, Wang L, Gao L. Neural network enabled metasurface design for phase manipulation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:2521-2528. [PMID: 33726445 DOI: 10.1364/oe.413079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The phase of electromagnetic waves can be manipulated and tailored by artificial metasurfaces, which can lead to ultra-compact, high-performance metalens, holographic and imaging devices etc. Usually, nanostructured metasurfaces are associated with a large number of geometric parameters, and the multi-parameter optimization for phase design cannot be possibly achieved by conventional time-consuming simulations. Deep learning tools capable of acquiring the relationship between complex nanostructure geometry and electromagnetic responses are best suited for such challenging task. In this work, by innovations in the training methods, we demonstrate that deep neural network can handle six geometric parameters for accurately predicting the phase value, and for the first time, perform direct inverse design of metasurfaces for on-demand phase requirement. In order to satisfy the achromatic metalens design requirements, we also demonstrate simultaneous phase and group delay prediction for near-zero group delay dispersion. Our results suggest significantly improved design capability of complex metasurfaces with the aid of deep learning tools.
Collapse
|
63
|
Zheng G, Zhou N, Deng L, Li G, Tao J, Li Z. Full-space metasurface holograms in the visible range. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:2920-2930. [PMID: 33726478 DOI: 10.1364/oe.417202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional metasurface holography is usually implemented in either transmission space or reflection space. Herein, we show a dielectric metasurface that can simultaneously project two independent holographic images in the transmission and reflection spaces, respectively, merely with a single-layer design approach. Specifically, two types of dielectric nanobricks in a nanostructured metasurface are employed to act as half-wave plates for geometric phase modulation. One type of nanobrick is designed to reflect most of incident circularly-polarized light into reflection space, enabled with magnetic resonance, while another type of nanobrick transmits it into transmission space, without resonance involved. By controlling the orientation angles and randomly interleaving the two types of nanobricks to form a metasurface, a full-space metasurface hologram can be established. We experimentally demonstrate this trans-reflective meta-holography by encoding the geometric phase information of two independent images into a single metasurface, and all observed holographic images agree well with our predictions. Our research expands the field-of-view of metasurface holography from half- to full-space, which can find its markets in optical sensing, image displays, optical storages and many other potential applications.
Collapse
|
64
|
Boher M, Jaeck J, Bouchon P, Primot J, Haïdar R. Spectrally exclusive phase masks for wavefront coding. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:436-439. [PMID: 33449047 DOI: 10.1364/ol.408640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of phase masks is necessary for wavefront coding, and these are often based on optical path differences. However, the optical dispersion constrains the resulting device to operate within a restricted spectral bandwidth. Here we propose to remove this constraint due to sub-wavelength structuration of the surface. The use of spatial and spectral co-localization properties of these structures allows the production of various spectrally exclusive phase masks on the same area.
Collapse
|
65
|
Song Q, Khadir S, Vézian S, Damilano B, Mierry PD, Chenot S, Brandli V, Genevet P. Bandwidth-unlimited polarization-maintaining metasurfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/5/eabe1112. [PMID: 33514552 PMCID: PMC7846164 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Any arbitrary state of polarization of light beam can be decomposed into a linear superposition of two orthogonal oscillations, each of which has a specific amplitude of the electric field. The dispersive nature of diffractive and refractive optical components generally affects these amplitude responses over a small wavelength range, tumbling the light polarization properties. Although recent works suggest the realization of broadband nanophotonic interfaces that can mitigate frequency dispersion, their usage for arbitrary polarization control remains elusively chromatic. Here, we present a general method to address broadband full-polarization properties of diffracted fields using an original superposition of circular polarization beams transmitted through metasurfaces. The polarization-maintaining metasurfaces are applied for complex broadband wavefront shaping, including beam deflectors and white-light holograms. Eliminating chromatic dispersion and dispersive polarization response of conventional diffractive elements lead to broadband polarization-maintaining devices of interest for applications in polarization imaging, broadband-polarimetry, augmented/virtual reality imaging, full color display, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Song
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - S Khadir
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - S Vézian
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - B Damilano
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - P D Mierry
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - S Chenot
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - V Brandli
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - P Genevet
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Abstract
Holography was originally invented for the purpose of magnifying electron microscopic images without spherical aberration and has been applied to photography for recording and reconstructing three-dimensional objects. Although it has been attracting scientists and ordinary people in the world, it is still a technology in science fiction movies. In this review, we discuss a new version of holography that uses surface plasmons on thin metal film. We discuss conventional holography and its drawbacks, such as overlapping of ghost and background due to the contribution of unnecessary diffraction and monochromacy for avoiding the unwanted diffraction components of different colors. Surface-plasmon holography is a version of near-field holography to overcome drawbacks of conventional holography. Comparison with conventional and volume holography for color reconstruction is discussed in reciprocal lattice space. Localized mode of surface plasmons and meta-surface holography are also reviewed, and feature perspectives and issues are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawata
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miyu Ozaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nippon Institute of Technology, Miyashiro-machi, Saitama, 345-8501 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Extremely large third-order nonlinear optical effects caused by electron transport in quantum plasmonic metasurfaces with subnanometer gaps. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21270. [PMID: 33277512 PMCID: PMC7718924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a third-order nonlinear optical responses in quantum plasmonic metasurfaces composed of metallic nano-objects with subnanometer gaps were investigated using time-dependent density functional theory, a fully quantum mechanical approach. At gap distances of ≥ 0.6 nm, the third-order nonlinearities monotonically increased as the gap distance decreased, owing to enhancement of the induced charge densities at the gaps between nano-objects. Particularly, when the third harmonic generation overlapped with the plasmon resonance, a large third-order nonlinearity was achieved. At smaller gap distances down to 0.1 nm, we observed the appearance of extremely large third-order nonlinearity without the assistance of the plasmon resonance. At a gap distance of 0.1 nm, the observed third-order nonlinearity was approximately three orders of magnitude larger than that seen at longer gap distances. The extremely large third-order nonlinearities were found to originate from electron transport by quantum tunneling and/or overbarrier currents through the subnanometer gaps.
Collapse
|
68
|
Iwami K, Ogawa C, Nagase T, Ikezawa S. Demonstration of focal length tuning by rotational varifocal moiré metalens in an ir-A wavelength. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:35602-35614. [PMID: 33379672 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports an experimental demonstration of moiré metalens which shows wide focal length tunability from negative to positive by mutual angle rotation at the wavelength of 900 nm. The moiré metalens was developed using high index contrast transmitarray meta-atoms made of amorphous silicon octagonal pillars, which is designed to have polarization insensitivity and full 2π phase coverage. The fabricated moiré metalens showed focal length tunability at the ranges between ±1.73 - ±5 mm, which corresponds to the optical power ranges between ±578 - ±200 m-1 at the mutual rotation between ±90 degrees.
Collapse
|
69
|
Damgaard-Carstensen C, Ding F, Meng C, Bozhevolnyi SI. Demonstration of > 2π reflection phase range in optical metasurfaces based on detuned gap-surface plasmon resonators. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19031. [PMID: 33149166 PMCID: PMC7643121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic metasurfaces, representing arrays of gap-surface plasmon (GSP) resonators and consisting of arrays of metal nanobricks atop thin dielectric layers supported by thick metal films, constitute an important subclass of optical metasurfaces operating in reflection and enabling the realization of numerous, diverse and multiple, functionalities. The available phase variation range is however limited to being \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$<\! 2\pi$$\end{document}<2π, a circumstance that complicates the metasurface design for functionalities requiring slowly varying phases over the whole range of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$2\pi$$\end{document}2π, e.g., in holographic applications. The available phase range also determines the wavelength bandwidth of metasurfaces operating with linearly polarized fields due to the propagation (size-dependent) nature of the reflection phase. We suggest an approach to extend the phase range and bandwidth limitations in the GSP-based metasurfaces by incorporating a pair of detuned GSP resonators into a metasurface elementary unit cell. With detailed simulations related to those for conventional single-resonator metasurfaces and proof-of-concept experiments, we demonstrate that the detuned-resonator GSP metasurfaces designed for beam steering at \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${900}\,\,\hbox {nm}$$\end{document}900nm wavelength exhibit the extended reflection phase and operation bandwidth. We believe that the considered detuned-resonator GSP metasurfaces can advantageously be exploited in applications requiring the design of arbitrary phase gradients and/or broadband operation with linearly polarized fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fei Ding
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Chao Meng
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sergey I Bozhevolnyi
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Ren H, Fang X, Jang J, Bürger J, Rho J, Maier SA. Complex-amplitude metasurface-based orbital angular momentum holography in momentum space. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:948-955. [PMID: 32958936 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Digital optical holograms can achieve nanometre-scale resolution as a result of recent advances in metasurface technologies. This has raised hopes for applications in data encryption, data storage, information processing and displays. However, the hologram bandwidth has remained too low for any practical use. To overcome this limitation, information can be stored in the orbital angular momentum of light, as this degree of freedom has an unbounded set of orthogonal helical modes that could function as information channels. Thus far, orbital angular momentum holography has been achieved using phase-only metasurfaces, which, however, are marred by channel crosstalk. As a result, multiplex information from only four channels has been demonstrated. Here, we demonstrate an orbital angular momentum holography technology that is capable of multiplexing up to 200 independent orbital angular momentum channels. This has been achieved by designing a complex-amplitude metasurface in momentum space capable of complete and independent amplitude and phase manipulation. Information was then extracted by Fourier transform using different orbital angular momentum modes of light, allowing lensless reconstruction and holographic videos to be displayed. Our metasurface can be three-dimensionally printed in a polymer matrix on SiO2 for large-area fabrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Ren
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Xinyuan Fang
- Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jaehyuck Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Johannes Bürger
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Hou H, Wang G, Li H, Guo W, Cai T. Helicity-dependent metasurfaces employing receiver-transmitter meta-atoms for full-space wavefront manipulation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:27575-27587. [PMID: 32988048 DOI: 10.1364/oe.402474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating orthogonal circularly polarized (CP) waves independently in both reflection and transmission modes in a single metasurface is pivotal. However, independently controlling CP waves with different polarizations is difficult especially for both reflection and transmission modes. Here, we designed a receiver-transmitter metasurface with helicity-dependent reflection and transmission properties. Our design breaks the fixed phases of the geometry metasurface-carrying Pancharatnam-Berry operators by combining the receive and transmit antennas. To verify the effectiveness of the modulation, we designed three linear deflectors with: (a) reflection phase gradient, (b) transmission phase gradient, and (c) both of gradients to achieve anomalous reflection, anomalous refraction, and simultaneous anomalous reflection and refraction, respectively. As proof of the concept, a bifunctional meta-device with functions of anomalous reflection and focusing transmission for different incident CP waves was simulated and measured. Our findings offer an easy strategy for achieving arbitrary bifunctional CP devices.
Collapse
|
72
|
Dang Y, Mu Y, Qi J. Highly decorrelated multiplexing metasurface for simultaneous dual-wavelength and dual-polarization continuous phase manipulation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:24538-24549. [PMID: 32906993 DOI: 10.1364/oe.399430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiplexing metasurfaces have drawn great interest from the microwave to optical regimes. However, previous works often encounter the restriction of insufficient independence and deficient interference suppression among different channels. Herein, a metasurface platform featuring a dual-wavelength and dual-polarization multiplexing operation is proposed for highly decorrelated and completely independent manipulation of four frequency and polarization states. As illustrative examples, two paradigms of a multiplexing holographic metasurface in which four channels can respond independently without conjugate images are presented, and the measurement results not only validate the feasibility but also exhibit excellent imaging efficiency. The proposed metasurface may thus boost more complex and versatile multi-functional devices.
Collapse
|
73
|
Xie R, Zhai G, Gao J, Zhang D, Wang X, An S, Zheng B, Zhang H, Ding J. Multifunctional Geometric Metasurfaces Based on Tri‐Spectral Meta‐Atoms with Completely Independent Phase Modulations at Three Wavelengths. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rensheng Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Guohua Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Dajun Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Xiong Wang
- School of Information Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Sensong An
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA 01854 USA
| | - Bowen Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA 01854 USA
| | - Hualiang Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA 01854 USA
| | - Jun Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Zang W, Yuan Q, Chen R, Li L, Li T, Zou X, Zheng G, Chen Z, Wang S, Wang Z, Zhu S. Chromatic Dispersion Manipulation Based on Metalenses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904935. [PMID: 31823480 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are 2D metamaterials composed of subwavelength nanoantennas according to specific design. They have been utilized to precisely manipulate various parameters of light fields, such as phase, polarization, amplitude, etc., showing promising functionalities. Among all meta-devices, the metalens can be considered as the most basic and important application, given its significant advantage in integration and miniaturization compared with traditional lenses. However, the resonant dispersion of each nanoantenna in a metalens and the intrinsic chromatic dispersion of planar devices and optical materials result in a large chromatic aberration in metalenses that severely reduces the quality of their focusing and imaging. Consequently, how to effectively suppress or manipulate the chromatic aberration of metalenses has attracted worldwide attention in the last few years, leading to variety of excellent achievements promoting the development of this field. Herein, recent progress in chromatic dispersion control based on metalenses is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Run Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lin Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Tianyue Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiujuan Zou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Gaige Zheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shuming Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shining Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Fan RH, Xiong B, Peng RW, Wang M. Constructing Metastructures with Broadband Electromagnetic Functionality. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904646. [PMID: 31692147 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic metastructures stand for the artificial structures with a characteristic size smaller than the wavelength, which may efficiently manipulate the states of light. However, their applications are often restricted by the bandwidth of the electromagnetic response of the metastructures. It is therefore essential to reassert the principles in constructing broadband electromagnetic metastructures. Herein, after summarizing the conventional approaches for achieving broadband electromagnetic functionality, some recent developments in realizing broadband electromagnetic response by dispersion compensation, nonresonant effects, and several trade-off approaches are reviewed, followed by some perspectives for the future development of broadband metamaterials. It is anticipated that broadband metastructures will have even more substantial applications in optoelectronics, energy harvesting, and information technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Hao Fan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ru-Wen Peng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Mu Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Roth DJ, Jin M, Minovich AE, Liu S, Li G, Zayats AV. 3D Full-Color Image Projection Based on Reflective Metasurfaces under Incoherent Illumination. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4481-4486. [PMID: 32343591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces provide an efficient approach to control light wavefronts and have emerged at the forefront of digital holography. Nevertheless, full-color image projection remains challenging. Using a combination of specular and diffuse reflections from a metasurface, in analogy to the normal mapping technique, we designed a reflective metasurface performing in the whole visible spectral range to demonstrate 2D images with shading effects of 3D objects. The noninterleaved metasurface is based on aluminum nanostructures with high and relatively uniform efficiency across the visible spectrum. It operates under incoherent illumination and does not require polarizing optics to observe images. The integration of the metasurface behind pre-existing transparent color images is also demonstrated for introduction of 3D effects. Emulating color 3D images with flat metasurfaces can be useful for security applications and decorative purposes. The design of broadband metasurface diffusers is also interesting for flat optical diffusing elements with engineered properties and display technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane J Roth
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
| | | | - Alexander E Minovich
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07745, Germany
| | | | | | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Haim DB, Michaeli L, Avayu O, Ellenbogen T. Tuning the phase and amplitude response of plasmonic metasurface etalons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:17923-17933. [PMID: 32679994 DOI: 10.1364/oe.392520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the optical response of plasmonic metasurface etalons in reflection. The etalons consist of a metallic mirror and a plasmonic metasurface separated by wavelength-scale dielectric spacer. We show that tuning the localized surface plasmon resonance and spacer thickness can be used to achieve both enhanced reflectivity and perfect absorption, in addition to full 2π range phase control, and tunable regions of normal and anomalous dispersion. We validate our claims by measuring the spectral reflection and phase response of metasurface etalons consisting aluminum nanodisks of different radii separated from an aluminum reflector by a SiO2 spacer. In addition, we use this approach to demonstrate a simple Hermite-Gaussian (HG) wavelength selective beam-shaping reflective mask. The concept can be further extended by using multilayers to obtain multi-functional elements.
Collapse
|
78
|
Ptychography retrieval of fully polarized holograms from geometric-phase metasurfaces. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2651. [PMID: 32461637 PMCID: PMC7253437 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling light properties with diffractive planar elements requires full-polarization channels and accurate reconstruction of optical signal for real applications. Here, we present a general method that enables wavefront shaping with arbitrary output polarization by encoding both phase and polarization information into pixelated metasurfaces. We apply this concept to convert an input plane wave with linear polarization to a holographic image with arbitrary spatial output polarization. A vectorial ptychography technique is introduced for mapping the Jones matrix to monitor the reconstructed metasurface output field and to compute the full polarization properties of the vectorial far field patterns, confirming that pixelated interfaces can deflect vectorial images to desired directions for accurate targeting and wavefront shaping. Multiplexing pixelated deflectors that address different polarizations have been integrated into a shared aperture to display several arbitrary polarized images, leading to promising new applications in vector beam generation, full color display and augmented/virtual reality imaging. Controlling light with planar elements requires full polarization channels and reconstruction of optical signals. Here, the authors have demonstrated a general method relying on pixelated metasurfaces that enables wavefront shaping with arbitrary output polarization, allowing full utilization of polarization channels.
Collapse
|
79
|
Wang J, Coillet A, Demichel O, Wang Z, Rego D, Bouhelier A, Grelu P, Cluzel B. Saturable plasmonic metasurfaces for laser mode locking. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:50. [PMID: 32257181 PMCID: PMC7109045 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metamaterials are artificial materials made of subwavelength elementary cells that give rise to unexpected wave properties that do not exist naturally. However, these properties are generally achieved due to 3D patterning, which is hardly feasible at short wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared regions targeted by most photonic applications. To overcome this limitation, metasurfaces, which are the 2D counterparts of metamaterials, have emerged as promising platforms that are compatible with planar nanotechnologies and thus mass production, which platforms the properties of a metamaterial into a 2D sheet. In the linear regime, wavefront manipulation for lensing, holography, and polarization control has been achieved recently. Interest in metasurfaces operating in the nonlinear regime has also increased due to the ability of metasurfaces to efficiently convert incident light into harmonic frequencies with unusual polarization properties. However, to date, the nonlinear absorption of metasurfaces has been mostly ignored. Here, we demonstrate that plasmonic metasurfaces behave as saturable absorbers with modulation performances superior to the modulation performance of other 2D materials and exhibit unusual polarimetric nonlinear transfer functions. We quantify the link between saturable absorption, the plasmonic resonances of the unit cell and their distribution in a 2D metasurface, and finally provide a practical implementation by integrating the metasurfaces into a fiber laser cavity operating in pulsed regimes driven by the metasurface properties. As such, this work provides new perspectives on ultrathin nonlinear saturable absorbers for applications where tunable nonlinear transfer functions are needed, such as in ultrafast lasers or neuromorphic circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyong Wang
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, 310024 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, 310024 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province China
| | - Aurelien Coillet
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Demichel
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Davi Rego
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
- Department of Electrotechnology, Federal Institute of Bahia, R. Emídio dos Santos, 40301015 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Bouhelier
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Grelu
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Benoit Cluzel
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Hu Y, Li L, Wang Y, Meng M, Jin L, Luo X, Chen Y, Li X, Xiao S, Wang H, Luo Y, Qiu CW, Duan H. Trichromatic and Tripolarization-Channel Holography with Noninterleaved Dielectric Metasurface. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:994-1002. [PMID: 31880939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces hold great potentials for advanced holographic display with extraordinary information capacity and pixel sizes in an ultrathin flat profile. A dual-polarization channel to encode two independent phase profiles or spatially multiplexed meta-holography by interleaved metasurfaces are captivated popular solutions to projecting multiplexed and vectorial images. However, the intrinsic limit of orthogonal polarization-channels, their crosstalk due to coupling between meta-atoms, and interleaving-induced degradation of efficiency and reconstructed image quality set great barriers for sophisticated meta-holography from being widely adopted. Here we report a noninterleaved TiO2 metasurface holography, and three distinct phase profiles are encoded into three orthogonal polarization bases with almost zero crosstalk. The corresponding three independently constructed intensity profiles are therefore assigned to trichromatic (RGB) beams, resulting in high-quality and high-efficiency vectorial meta-holography in the whole visible regime. Our strategy presents an unconventionally advanced holographic scheme by synergizing trichromatic colors and tripolarization channels, simply realized with a minimalist noninterleaved metasurface. Our work unlocks the metasurface's potentials on massive information storage, polarization optics, polarimetric imaging, holographic data encryption, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China
- Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory of Micro-nano Optical Devices, Shenzhen Research Institute , Hunan University , Shenzhen , 518000 , China
| | - Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China
| | - Yujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School , Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Min Meng
- Microsystem & Terahertz Research Center , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Chengdu 610200 , P.R. China
- Institute of Electronic Engineering , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , P.R. China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583 , Republic of Singapore
| | - Xuhao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China
| | - Shumin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School , Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Hanbin Wang
- Microsystem & Terahertz Research Center , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Chengdu 610200 , P.R. China
- Institute of Electronic Engineering , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang 621900 , P.R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Microsystem & Terahertz Research Center , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Chengdu 610200 , P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583 , Republic of Singapore
| | - Huigao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China
- Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory of Micro-nano Optical Devices, Shenzhen Research Institute , Hunan University , Shenzhen , 518000 , China
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Shang S, Tang F, Ye X, Li Q, Li H, Wu J, Wu Y, Chen J, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Zheng W. High-Efficiency Metasurfaces with 2π Phase Control Based on Aperiodic Dielectric Nanoarrays. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020250. [PMID: 32023807 PMCID: PMC7075171 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the high-efficiency phase control Si metasurfaces are investigated based on aperiodic nanoarrays unlike widely-used period structures, the aperiodicity of which providing additional freedom to improve metasurfaces' performance. Firstly, the phase control mechanism of Huygens nanoblocks is demonstrated, particularly the internal electromagnetic resonances and the manipulation of effective electrical/magnetic polarizabilities. Then, a group of high-transmission Si nanoblocks with 2π phase control is sought by sweeping the geometrical parameters. Finally, several metasurfaces, such as grating and parabolic lens, are numerically realized by the nanostructures with high efficiency. The conversion efficiency of the grating reaches 80%, and the focusing conversion efficiency of the metalens is 99.3%. The results show that the high-efficiency phase control metasurfaces can be realized based on aperiodic nanoarrays, i.e., additional design freedom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Shang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (S.S.); (Y.Y.)
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, China; (F.T.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Feng Tang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, China; (F.T.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Xin Ye
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, China; (F.T.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Qingzhi Li
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, China; (F.T.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Hailiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Z.Z.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-1348-867-5143 (H.L.); +86-1360-817-4673(Z.Z.); +86-1539-9778-0786 (W.Z.)
| | - Jingjun Wu
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, China; (F.T.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Yiman Wu
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, China; (F.T.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jun Chen
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, China; (F.T.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (S.S.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Z.Z.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-1348-867-5143 (H.L.); +86-1360-817-4673(Z.Z.); +86-1539-9778-0786 (W.Z.)
| | - Yuanjie Yang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (S.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Wanguo Zheng
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, China; (F.T.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (Z.Z.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-1348-867-5143 (H.L.); +86-1360-817-4673(Z.Z.); +86-1539-9778-0786 (W.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Deshpande RA, Ding F, Bozhevolnyi S. Dual-Band Metasurfaces Using Multiple Gap-Surface Plasmon Resonances. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1250-1256. [PMID: 31826607 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces operating at multiple spectral ranges with integrated diversified functionalities while retaining the flexible design strategy are highly desired within the area of modern flat optics. Here, we propose and demonstrate the use of multiple gap-surface plasmon (GSP) resonances for the realization of dual-band multifunctional metasurfaces by designing GSP meta-atoms that would resonate at two different wavelengths. By tailoring nanobrick dimensions of a simple GSP meta-atom so as to enable both the first-order resonance at 1450 nm and the third-order one at 633 nm, we design phase-gradient GSP metasurfaces for polarization-independent beam steering and polarization-splitting, simultaneously, at telecom (1350-1550 nm) and visible (575-675 nm) wavelengths. The fabricated metasurfaces show good performance with >65% diffraction efficiency at the first-order resonant wavelength of 1450 nm and over 50% efficiency within the telecom range of 1350-1550 nm, while at the third-order resonant wavelength of 633 nm, the diffraction efficiency is 20 and >10% within the visible range of 575-675 nm. Our findings, therefore, demonstrate a flexible and robust approach for the realization of efficient dual-band GSP metasurfaces that can readily be combined with complex integrated designs to implement multiple functionalities highly sought after for diverse applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rucha A Deshpande
- Centre for Nano Optics , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense , Denmark
| | - Fei Ding
- Centre for Nano Optics , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense , Denmark
| | - Sergey Bozhevolnyi
- Centre for Nano Optics , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Zhao ZJ, Hwang SH, Kang HJ, Jeon S, Bok M, Ahn S, Im D, Hahn J, Kim H, Jeong JH. Adhesive-Layer-Free and Double-Faced Nanotransfer Lithography for a Flexible Large-Area MetaSurface Hologram. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1737-1745. [PMID: 31823599 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we develop an adhesive-free double-faced nanotransfer lithography (ADNT) technique based on the surface deformation of flexible substrates under the conditions of temperature and pressure control and thus address the challenge of realizing the mass production of large-area nanodevices in the fields of optics, metasurfaces, and holograms. During ADNT, which is conducted on a flexible polymer substrate above its glass transition temperature in the absence of adhesive materials and chemical bonding agents, nanostructures from the polymer stamp are attached to the deformed polymer substrate. Various silicon masters are employed to prove our method applicable to arbitrary nanopatterns, and diverse Ag and Au nanostructures are deposited on polymer molds to demonstrate the wide scope of useable metals. Finally, ADNT is used to (i) produce a flexible large-area hologram on the defect-free poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film and (ii) fabricate a metasurface hologram and a color filter on the front and back surfaces of the PMMA film, respectively, to realize dual functionality. Thus, it is concluded that the use of ADNT can decrease the fabrication time and cost of high-density nanodevices and facilitate their commercialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhao
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials , 156, Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103 , South Korea
| | - Soon Hyoung Hwang
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials , 156, Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103 , South Korea
| | - Hyeok-Joong Kang
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials , 156, Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103 , South Korea
| | - Sohee Jeon
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials , 156, Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103 , South Korea
| | - Moonjeong Bok
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials , 156, Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103 , South Korea
| | - Sunggyun Ahn
- School of Electronics Engineering , Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566 , South Korea
| | - DaJeong Im
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering , Korea University , Sejong 30019 , South Korea
| | - Joonku Hahn
- School of Electronics Engineering , Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566 , South Korea
| | - Hwi Kim
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering , Korea University , Sejong 30019 , South Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Jeong
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials , 156, Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103 , South Korea
- Department of Nano Mechatronics , University of Science and Technology , 217, Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34103 , South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Chen K, Ding G, Hu G, Jin Z, Zhao J, Feng Y, Jiang T, Alù A, Qiu CW. Directional Janus Metasurface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906352. [PMID: 31746042 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Janus monolayers, a class of two-faced 2D materials, have received significant attention in electronics, due to their unusual conduction properties stemming from their inherent out-of-plane asymmetry. Their photonic counterparts recently allowed for the control of hydrogenation/dehydrogenation processes, yielding drastically different responses for opposite light excitation spins. A passive Janus metasurface composed of cascaded subwavelength anisotropic impedance sheets is demonstrated. By introducing a rotational twist in their geometry, asymmetric transmission with the desired phase function is realized. Their broken out-of-plane symmetry realizes different functions for opposite propagation directions, enabling direction-dependent versatile functionalities. A series of passive Janus metasurfaces that enable functionalities including one-way anomalous refraction, one-way focusing, asymmetric focusing, and direction-controlled holograms are experimentally demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Guowen Ding
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Zhongwei Jin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Junming Zhao
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yijun Feng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Tian Jiang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Chen S, Liu W, Li Z, Cheng H, Tian J. Metasurface-Empowered Optical Multiplexing and Multifunction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1805912. [PMID: 31617616 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are planar photonic elements composed of subwavelength nanostructures, which can deeply interact with light and exploit new degrees of freedom (DOF) to manipulate optical fields. In the past decade, metasurfaces have drawn great interest from the scientific community due to their profound potential to arbitrarily control light. Here, recent developments of multiplexing and multifunctional metasurfaces, which enable concurrent tasks through a dramatic compact design, are reviewed. The fundamental properties, design strategies, and applications of multiplexing and multifunctional metasurfaces are then discussed. First, recent progress on angular momentum multiplexing, including its behavior under different incident conditions, is considered. Second, a detailed overview of polarization-controlled, wavelength-selective, angle-selective, and reconfigurable multiplexing/multifunctional metasurfaces is provided. Then, the integrated and on-chip design of multifunctional metasurfaces is addressed. Finally, future directions and potential applications are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Teda Institute of Applied Physics, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- The collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Teda Institute of Applied Physics, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhancheng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Teda Institute of Applied Physics, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Teda Institute of Applied Physics, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jianguo Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Teda Institute of Applied Physics, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Tao T, Zhi T, Liu B, Chen P, Xie Z, Zhao H, Ren F, Chen D, Zheng Y, Zhang R. Electron-Beam-Driven III-Nitride Plasmonic Nanolasers in the Deep-UV and Visible Region. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906205. [PMID: 31793750 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanolasers based on wide bandgap semiconductors are presently attracting immense research interests due to the breaking in light diffraction limit and subwavelength mode operation with fast dynamics. However, these plasmonic nanolasers have so far been mostly realized in the visible light ranges, or most are still under optical excitation pumping. In this work, III-nitride-based plasmonic nanolasers emitting from the green to the deep-ultraviolet (UV) region by energetic electron beam injection are reported, and a threshold as low as 8 kW cm-2 is achieved. A fast decay time as short as 123 ps is collected, indicating a strong coupling between excitons and surface plasmon. Both the spatial and temporal coherences are observed, which provide a solid evidence for exciton-plasmon coupled polariton lasing. Consequently, the achievements in III-nitride-based plasmonic nanolaser devices represent a significant step toward practical applications for biological technology, computing systems, and on-chip optical communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhi
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zili Xie
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Ren
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Dunjun Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Youdou Zheng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Wan W, Qiao W, Pu D, Li R, Wang C, Hu Y, Duan H, Guo LJ, Chen L. Holographic Sampling Display Based on Metagratings. iScience 2019; 23:100773. [PMID: 31887666 PMCID: PMC6941867 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glasses-free three-dimensional (3D) display is considered as a potential disruptive technology for display. The issue of visual fatigue, mainly caused by the inaccurate phase reconstruction in terms of image crosstalk, as well as vergence and accommodation conflict, is the critical obstacle that hinders the real applications of glasses-free 3D display. Here we propose a glasses-free 3D display by adopting metagratings for the pixelated phase modulation to form converged viewpoints. When the viewpoints are closely arranged, the holographic sampling 3D display can approximate a continuous light field. We demonstrate a video rate full-color 3D display prototype without visual fatigue under an LED white light illumination. The metagratings-based holographic sampling 3D display has a thin form factor and is compatible with traditional flat panel and thus has the potential to be used in portable electronics, window display, exhibition display, 3D TV, as well as tabletop display. Metagratings are designed pixel by pixel to form converged viewpoints in 3D display Holographic sampling 3D display reconstruct discrete light field Video rate full-color display is reconstructed with a thin form factor Vergence and accommodation conflict is eliminated by single eye accommodation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Wan
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; School of Science, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Wen Qiao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Donglin Pu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ruibin Li
- SVG Optronics, Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215026, China
| | - Chinhua Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yueqiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Huigao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Linsen Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; SVG Optronics, Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
High-Efficiency and Broadband Near-Infrared Bi-Functional Metasurface Based on Rotary Different-Size Silicon Nanobricks. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9121744. [PMID: 31817928 PMCID: PMC6955931 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several novel spin-dependent bi-functional metasurfaces consisting of different-sized rotary silicon nanobricks have been proposed and numerically investigated based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase and structural phase simultaneously. Here, a transmission mechanism is strictly deduced, which can avoid crosstalk from the multiplexed bi-functional metasurface. Four kinds of high-efficiency bi-functional devices have been designed successfully at infrared wavelengths, including a spin-dependent bi-functional beam deflector, a spin-dependent bi-functional metalens, a bi-functional metasurface with spin-dependent focusing and deflection function, and a spin-dependent bi-functional vortex phase plate. All of the results demonstrate the superior performances of our designed devices. Our work opens up new doors toward building novel spin-dependent bi-functional metasurfaces, and promotes the development of bi-functional devices and spin-controlled photonics.
Collapse
|
89
|
Actively Tunable Metalens Array Based on Patterned Phase Change Materials. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9224927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the metalens has been investigated for its application in many fields due to its advantages of being much smaller than a conventional lens and is compatible with nano-devices. Although metalenses have extraordinary optical performance, it is still not enough in some occasions such as wavefront detection for adaptive optics and display for large area applications. Using a metalens array is an ideal solution to solve these problems. Unfortunately, the common metalens array cannot be adjusted once it is fabricated, which limits its range of application. In this article, we designed an actively tunable metalens array for the first time by arranging the patterned phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) appropriately. For the metalens array designed at the wavelength of 4.6 μm, it had excellent broadband performance in the range from 4.5 μm to 5.2 μm. On the other hand, by tuning the phase state of GST, the focus and display of the metalens array can be controlled, acting as switching on or off. Furthermore, any graphics constructed with patterned focal spots can be achieved when the metalens array has sufficient secondary unit cells. The proposed metalens may have potential application value in the adaptive optics and dynamic display field.
Collapse
|
90
|
Zhang X, Tang D, Zhou L, Jiao J, Feng D, Liang G, Guo Y. Polarization-insensitive colorful meta-holography employing anisotropic nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20238-20244. [PMID: 31621736 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05533a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from advances in nanofabrication technology, emerging metasurfaces are promising for compact and wearable multicolor meta-holograms with large fields of view. However, due to the inherent electromagnetic properties of the structures that are used, current multicolor meta-holograms are often sensitive to the incident light polarization, which greatly restricts the application of meta-holography. Here, we took advantage of the amplitude properties of metasurfaces and the off-axis illumination method to carry out experiments involving polarization-insensitive colorful meta-holography with anisotropic nanostructures. With red, green and blue lasers illuminating the meta-hologram along different angles, a polarization-insensitive colorful holographic image was achieved and the disturbance from zero-order diffraction light was essentially eliminated. To the best of our knowledge, the current work was the first time that a polarization-insensitive colorful meta-hologram with anisotropic nanostructures was experimentally demonstrated. We expect our approach to provide promising prospects for the use of metasurfaces in applications such as flat meta-lenses, data storage and virtual/augmented reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of the Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Dongliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Li Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of the Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Center for Information Geoscience, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Danqi Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of the Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Gaofeng Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of the Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yongcai Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of the Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Chen C, Song W, Chen JW, Wang JH, Chen YH, Xu B, Chen MK, Li H, Fang B, Chen J, Kuo HY, Wang S, Tsai DP, Zhu S, Li T. Spectral tomographic imaging with aplanatic metalens. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:99. [PMID: 31728191 PMCID: PMC6834576 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tomography is an informative imaging modality that is usually implemented by mechanical scanning, owing to the limited depth-of-field (DOF) in conventional systems. However, recent imaging systems are working towards more compact and stable architectures; therefore, developing nonmotion tomography is highly desirable. Here, we propose a metalens-based spectral imaging system with an aplanatic GaN metalens (NA = 0.78), in which large chromatic dispersion is used to access spectral focus tuning and optical zooming in the visible spectrum. After the function of wavelength-switched tomography was confirmed on cascaded samples, this aplanatic metalens is utilized to image microscopic frog egg cells and shows excellent tomographic images with distinct DOF features of the cell membrane and nucleus. Our approach makes good use of the large diffractive dispersion of the metalens and develops a new imaging technique that advances recent informative optical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Wange Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Wern Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, China
- Department of Physics, Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, China
| | - Jung-Hsi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, China
| | - Yu Han Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, China
- Department of Physics, Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, China
| | - Beibei Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Mu-Ku Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, China
- Department of Physics, Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, China
| | - Hanmeng Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Fang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Hsin Yu Kuo
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, China
- Department of Physics, Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, China
| | - Shuming Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, China
- Department of Physics, Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, China
| | - Shining Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Dong F, Chu W. Multichannel-Independent Information Encoding with Optical Metasurfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804921. [PMID: 30556627 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces, as an emerging platform, have been shown to be capable of effectively manipulating the local properties (amplitude, phase, and polarization) of the reflected or transmitted light and have unique strengths in high-density optical storage, holography, display, etc. The reliability and flexibility of wavefront manipulation makes optical metasurfaces suitable for information encryption by increasing the possibility of encoding combinations of independent channels and the capacity of encryption, and thus the security level. Here, recent progress in metasurface-based information encoding is reviewed, in which the independent channels for information encoding are built with wavelength and/or polarization in one-dimensional/two-dimensional (1D/2D) modes. The way to increase information encoding capacity and security level is proposed, and the opportunities and challenges of information encoding with independent channels based on metasurfaces are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengliang Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Nanofabrication Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Weiguo Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Nanofabrication Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Xiong B, Deng L, Peng R, Liu Y. Controlling the degrees of freedom in metasurface designs for multi-functional optical devices. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:3786-3806. [PMID: 36132119 PMCID: PMC9418445 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00343f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the control over the degrees of freedom (DOF) in metasurfaces, which include the input DOF (the polarization, wavelength and incident angle of the input light and some dynamic controls), parameter DOF (the complex geometric design of metasurfaces) and output DOF (the phase, polarization and amplitude of the output light). This framework could clearly show us the development process of metasurfaces, from single-functional to multi-functional ones. Advantages of the multi-functional metasurfaces are discussed in the context of various applications, including 3D holography, broadband achromatic metalenses and multi-dimensional encoded information. By combining all the input and output DOF together, we can realize ideal optical meta-devices with deep subwavelength thickness and striking functions beyond the reach of traditional optical components. Moreover, new research directions may emerge when merging different DOF in metasurfaces with other important concepts, such as parity-time symmetry and topology, so that we can have the complete control of light waves in a prescribed manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiong
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Ruwen Peng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yongmin Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Dai Q, Deng L, Deng J, Tao J, Yang Y, Chen M, Li Z, Li Z, Zheng G. Ultracompact, high-resolution and continuous grayscale image display based on resonant dielectric metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:27927-27935. [PMID: 31684553 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.027927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the electromagnetic resonance that happens in dielectric nanobricks can be meticulously designed to control both amplitude and polarization of light, an ultracompact, high-resolution and continuous grayscale image display method based on resonant dielectric metasurfaces is proposed. Magnetic resonance occurs in dielectric nanobricks can yield unusual high reflectivity depending on the polarization state of incident light, which paves a new way for ultracompact image display when the resonant metasurfaces consisting of nano-polarizer arrays operate. Governed by Malus's law, nano-polarizer arrays featured with different orientations have been demonstrated to continuously manipulate the intensity of linearly polarized light cell-by-cell. Hence, it can practically enable recording a high fidelity grayscale image right at the sample surface with resolution as high as 84,667 dpi (dots per inch). This proposed resonant metasurface image (meta-image) display enjoys the advantages including continuous grayscale modulation, broadband working window, high-stability and high-density, which can easily find promising applications in ultracompact displays, high-end anti-counterfeiting, high-density optical information storage and information encryption, etc.
Collapse
|
95
|
Zhou Y, Kravchenko II, Wang H, Zheng H, Gu G, Valentine J. Multifunctional metaoptics based on bilayer metasurfaces. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:80. [PMID: 31666946 PMCID: PMC6804919 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces have become versatile platforms for manipulating the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light. A platform for achieving independent control over each of these properties, however, remains elusive due to the limited engineering space available when using a single-layer metasurface. For instance, multiwavelength metasurfaces suffer from performance limitations due to space filling constraints, while control over phase and amplitude can be achieved, but only for a single polarization. Here, we explore bilayer dielectric metasurfaces to expand the design space for metaoptics. The ability to independently control the geometry and function of each layer enables the development of multifunctional metaoptics in which two or more optical properties are independently designed. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate multiwavelength holograms, multiwavelength waveplates, and polarization-insensitive 3D holograms based on phase and amplitude masks. The proposed architecture opens a new avenue for designing complex flat optics with a wide variety of functionalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Ivan I. Kravchenko
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Min H. Kao Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Hanyu Zheng
- Department of Electric Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Gong Gu
- Min H. Kao Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Jason Valentine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Lee IH, Li G, Lee BY, Kim SU, Lee B, Oh SH, Lee SD. Selective photonic printing based on anisotropic Fabry-Perot resonators for dual-image holography and anti-counterfeiting. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:24512-24523. [PMID: 31510339 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.024512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the photonic printing that can display different color images depending on the optical polarization of incident light. The dynamic selection among different images becomes possible by using anisotropic Fabry-Perot resonators that incorporate a layer of liquid crystal molecules aligned by directional molecular registration (DMR) as polarization-dependent color pixels. Using the new device platform, we demonstrate a prototype of an anticounterfeiting label with inherent anti-replicability that results from the molecular-level origin of security images. In addition, this concept is extended to polarization-selective holography. Our molecular-level approach enables to develop a new class of security labels and holographic storage media.
Collapse
|
97
|
Dynamic beam steering with all-dielectric electro-optic III-V multiple-quantum-well metasurfaces. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3654. [PMID: 31409790 PMCID: PMC6692380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunable metasurfaces enable dynamical control of the key constitutive properties of light at a subwavelength scale. To date, electrically tunable metasurfaces at near-infrared wavelengths have been realized using free carrier modulation, and switching of thermo-optical, liquid crystal and phase change media. However, the highest performance and lowest loss discrete optoelectronic modulators exploit the electro-optic effect in multiple-quantum-well heterostructures. Here, we report an all-dielectric active metasurface based on electro-optically tunable III–V multiple-quantum-wells patterned into subwavelength elements that each supports a hybrid Mie-guided mode resonance. The quantum-confined Stark effect actively modulates this volumetric hybrid resonance, and we observe a relative reflectance modulation of 270% and a phase shift from 0° to ~70°. Additionally, we demonstrate beam steering by applying an electrical bias to each element to actively change the metasurface period, an approach that can also realize tunable metalenses, active polarizers, and flat spatial light modulators. Here, the authors demonstrate an electrically tunable metasurface with III–V semiconducting MQW structures as resonant metasurface elements. The amplitude and phase of the light reflected from the metasurface can be continuously tuned by applying DC electric field across the MQW metasurface elements.
Collapse
|
98
|
Guo WL, Wang GM, Hou HS, Chen K, Feng Y. Multi-functional coding metasurface for dual-band independent electromagnetic wave control. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:19196-19211. [PMID: 31503683 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.019196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multi-functional metasurfaces have exhibited powerful abilities of manipulating electromagnetic (EM) wave in predetermined manners, largely improving their information capacities. However, most works are implemented with EM functions controlled by one of the intrinsic properties of EM wave, such as polarization, frequency, etc. Herein, we propose a coding scheme to design a broadband and high-efficient multi-functional metasurface independently controlled by both frequency and polarization. To achieve this goal, we design anisotropic coding particles to realize independent phase functions and polarization-selectivity in the microwave region. Meta-atoms are finally optimized to exhibit 2-bit phase responses insensitive to incident polarization in the X-band while showing a 1-bit phase shift sensitive to incident polarization in the Ku-band. As a proof of concept, a metasurface is configured as an isotropic lens in the X-band, whereas the metasurface is designed as an anisotropic beam deflector in the Ku-band with or without polarization-conversion functionality dependent on the input polarization. The measured results, which agree well with the simulated ones, show excellent performances in the designed dual bands. Such a multi-functional coding metasurface may provide a flexible and robust approach to manipulate EM wave of multiple frequencies, as well as to integrate diverse functionalities into a single flat device.
Collapse
|
99
|
Kim Y, Wu PC, Sokhoyan R, Mauser K, Glaudell R, Kafaie Shirmanesh G, Atwater HA. Phase Modulation with Electrically Tunable Vanadium Dioxide Phase-Change Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3961-3968. [PMID: 31136191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a dynamically tunable reflectarray metasurface that continuously modulates the phase of reflected light in the near-infrared wavelength range under active electrical control of the phase transition from semiconducting to semimetallic states. We integrate a vanadium dioxide (VO2) active layer into the dielectric gap of antenna elements in a reflectarray metasurface, which undergoes an insulator-to-metal transition upon resistive heating of the metallic patch antenna. The induced phase transition in the VO2 film strongly perturbs the magnetic dipole resonance supported by the metasurface. By carefully controlling the volume fractions of coexisting metallic and dielectric regions of the VO2 film, we observe a continuous shift of the phase of the reflected light, with a maximal achievable phase shift as high as 250°. We also observe a reflectance modulation of 23.5% as well as a spectral shift of the resonance position by 175 nm. The metasurface phase modulation is fairly broadband, yielding large phase shifts at multiple operation wavelengths.
Collapse
|
100
|
Esposito M, Todisco F, Bakhti S, Passaseo A, Tarantini I, Cuscunà M, Destouches N, Tasco V. Symmetry Breaking in Oligomer Surface Plasmon Lattice Resonances. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1922-1930. [PMID: 30721077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel plasmonic-mode engineering, enabled by the structural symmetry of a plasmonic crystal with a metallic oligomer as unit cell. We show how the oligomer symmetry can tailor the scattering directions to spatially overlap with the diffractive orders directions of a plasmonic array. Applied to the color generation field, the presented approach enables the challenging achievement of a broad spectrum of angle-dependent colors since smooth and continuous generation of transmitted vibrant colors, covering both the cyan-magenta-yellow and the red-green-blue color spaces, is demonstrated by scattering angle- and polarization-dependent optical response. The addition of a symmetry driven level of control multiplies the possibility of optical information storage, being of potential interest for secured optical information encoding but also for nanophotonic applications, from demultiplexers or signal processing devices to on-chip optical nanocircuitry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Esposito
- CNR NANOTEC-Nanotechnology Institute , Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni , IT-73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Francesco Todisco
- Center for Nano Optics , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark
| | - Said Bakhti
- Institut d'Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516 , University of Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS , F-42023 , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Adriana Passaseo
- CNR NANOTEC-Nanotechnology Institute , Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni , IT-73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Iolena Tarantini
- Department of Mathematics and Physics Ennio De Giorgi , University of Salento , Via Arnesano , Lecce 73100 Italy
| | - Massimo Cuscunà
- CNR NANOTEC-Nanotechnology Institute , Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni , IT-73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Nathalie Destouches
- Institut d'Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516 , University of Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS , F-42023 , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Vittorianna Tasco
- CNR NANOTEC-Nanotechnology Institute , Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni , IT-73100 Lecce , Italy
| |
Collapse
|