51
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Fedorov VV, Bolshakov A, Sergaeva O, Neplokh V, Markina D, Bruyere S, Saerens G, Petrov MI, Grange R, Timofeeva M, Makarov SV, Mukhin IS. Gallium Phosphide Nanowires in a Free-Standing, Flexible, and Semitransparent Membrane for Large-Scale Infrared-to-Visible Light Conversion. ACS NANO 2020; 14:10624-10632. [PMID: 32806025 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Engineering of nonlinear optical response in nanostructures is one of the key topics in nanophotonics, as it allows for broad frequency conversion at the nanoscale. Nevertheless, the application of the developed designs is limited by either high cost of their manufacturing or low conversion efficiencies. This paper reports on the efficient second-harmonic generation in a free-standing GaP nanowire array encapsulated in a polymer membrane. Light coupling with optical resonances and field confinement in the nanowires together with high nonlinearity of GaP material yield a strong second-harmonic signal and efficient near-infrared (800-1200 nm) to visible upconversion. The fabricated nanowire-based membranes demonstrate high flexibility and semitransparency for the incident infrared radiation, allowing utilizing them for infrared imaging, which can be easily integrated into different optical schemes without disturbing the visualized beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Fedorov
- Alferov University (formerly St. Petersburg Academic University), Khlopina 8/3, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politekhnicheskaya 29, 195251, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Bolshakov
- Alferov University (formerly St. Petersburg Academic University), Khlopina 8/3, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Sergaeva
- ITMO University, Kronverkskij 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Neplokh
- Alferov University (formerly St. Petersburg Academic University), Khlopina 8/3, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria Markina
- ITMO University, Kronverkskij 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stephanie Bruyere
- Institut Jean Lamour, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54011 Nancy, France
| | - Grégoire Saerens
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mihail I Petrov
- ITMO University, Kronverkskij 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rachel Grange
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Timofeeva
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sergey V Makarov
- ITMO University, Kronverkskij 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan S Mukhin
- Alferov University (formerly St. Petersburg Academic University), Khlopina 8/3, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
- ITMO University, Kronverkskij 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia
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52
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Grinblat G, Zhang H, Nielsen MP, Krivitsky L, Berté R, Li Y, Tilmann B, Cortés E, Oulton RF, Kuznetsov AI, Maier SA. Efficient ultrafast all-optical modulation in a nonlinear crystalline gallium phosphide nanodisk at the anapole excitation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/34/eabb3123. [PMID: 32937366 PMCID: PMC7442475 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb3123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
High-refractive index nanostructured dielectrics have the ability to locally enhance electromagnetic fields with low losses while presenting high third-order nonlinearities. In this work, we exploit these characteristics to achieve efficient ultrafast all-optical modulation in a crystalline gallium phosphide (GaP) nanoantenna through the optical Kerr effect (OKE) and two-photon absorption (TPA) in the visible/near-infrared range. We show that an individual GaP nanodisk can yield differential reflectivity modulations of up to ~40%, with characteristic modulation times between 14 and 66 fs, when probed at the anapole excitation (AE). Numerical simulations reveal that the AE represents a unique condition where both the OKE and TPA contribute with the same modulation sign, maximizing the response. These findings highly outperform previous reports on sub-100-fs all-optical switching from resonant nanoscale dielectrics, which have demonstrated modulation depths no larger than 0.5%, placing GaP nanoantennas as a promising choice for ultrafast all-optical modulation at the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Grinblat
- Departamento de Física, FCEN, IFIBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Haizhong Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 138634, Singapore
| | - Michael P Nielsen
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Leonid Krivitsky
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 138634, Singapore
| | - Rodrigo Berté
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitut München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Yi Li
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitut München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
- School of Microelectronics, MOE Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next Generation Communications, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong, China
| | - Benjamin Tilmann
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitut München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitut München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Rupert F Oulton
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Arseniy I Kuznetsov
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 138634, Singapore
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitut München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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53
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Koshelev K, Kruk S, Melik-Gaykazyan E, Choi JH, Bogdanov A, Park HG, Kivshar Y. Subwavelength dielectric resonators for nonlinear nanophotonics. Science 2020; 367:288-292. [PMID: 31949078 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz3985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Subwavelength optical resonators made of high-index dielectric materials provide efficient ways to manipulate light at the nanoscale through mode interferences and enhancement of both electric and magnetic fields. Such Mie-resonant dielectric structures have low absorption, and their functionalities are limited predominantly by radiative losses. We implement a new physical mechanism for suppressing radiative losses of individual nanoscale resonators to engineer special modes with high quality factors: optical bound states in the continuum (BICs). We demonstrate that an individual subwavelength dielectric resonator hosting a BIC mode can boost nonlinear effects increasing second-harmonic generation efficiency. Our work suggests a route to use subwavelength high-index dielectric resonators for a strong enhancement of light-matter interactions with applications to nonlinear optics, nanoscale lasers, quantum photonics, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Koshelev
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.,Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Sergey Kruk
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Elizaveta Melik-Gaykazyan
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.,Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Jae-Hyuck Choi
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrey Bogdanov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Hong-Gyu Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. .,Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
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54
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Xu L, Saerens G, Timofeeva M, Smirnova DA, Volkovskaya I, Lysevych M, Camacho-Morales R, Cai M, Zangeneh Kamali K, Huang L, Karouta F, Tan HH, Jagadish C, Miroshnichenko AE, Grange R, Neshev DN, Rahmani M. Forward and Backward Switching of Nonlinear Unidirectional Emission from GaAs Nanoantennas. ACS NANO 2020; 14:1379-1389. [PMID: 31877017 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-index III-V semiconductor nanoantennas have gained great attention for enhanced nonlinear light-matter interactions, in the past few years. However, the complexity of nonlinear emission profiles imposes severe constraints on practical applications, such as in optical communications and integrated optoelectronic devices. These complexities include the lack of unidirectional nonlinear emission and the severe challenges in switching between forward and backward emissions, due to the structure of the susceptibility tensor of the III-V nanoantennas. Here, we propose a solution to both issues via engineering the nonlinear tensor of the nanoantennas. The special nonlinear tensorial properties of zinc-blende material can be used to engineer the nonlinear characteristics via growing the nanoantennas along different crystalline orientations. Based on the nonlinear multipolar effect, we have designed and fabricated (110)-grown GaAs nanoantennas, with engineered tensorial properties, embedded in a transparent low-index material. Our technique provides an approach not only for unidirectional second-harmonic generation (SHG) forward or backward emission but also for switching from one to another. Importantly, switching the SHG emission directionality is obtained only by rotating the polarization of the incident light, without the need for physical variation of the antennas or the environment. This characteristic is an advantage, as compared to other nonlinear nanoantennas, including (100)- and (111)-grown III-V counterparts or silicon and germanium nanoantennas. Indeed, (110)-GaAs nanoantennas allow for engineering the nonlinear nanophotonic systems including nonlinear "Huygens metasurfaces" and offer exciting opportunities for various nonlinear nanophotonics technologies, such as nanoscale light routing and light sources, as well as multifunctional flat optical elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- School of Engineering and Information Technology , University of New South Wales , Canberra , ACT 2600 , Australia
| | - Grégoire Saerens
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics , ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Maria Timofeeva
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics , ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Daria A Smirnova
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
- Institute of Applied Physics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Nizhny Novgorod 603950 , Russia
| | - Irina Volkovskaya
- Institute of Applied Physics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Nizhny Novgorod 603950 , Russia
| | - Mykhaylo Lysevych
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Rocio Camacho-Morales
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Marcus Cai
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Khosro Zangeneh Kamali
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Lujun Huang
- School of Engineering and Information Technology , University of New South Wales , Canberra , ACT 2600 , Australia
| | - Fouad Karouta
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Hark Hoe Tan
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Andrey E Miroshnichenko
- School of Engineering and Information Technology , University of New South Wales , Canberra , ACT 2600 , Australia
| | - Rachel Grange
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics , ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Dragomir N Neshev
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Mohsen Rahmani
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
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55
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Hu Z, García-Martín JM, Li Y, Billot L, Sun B, Fresno F, García-Martín A, González MU, Aigouy L, Chen Z. TiO 2 Nanocolumn Arrays for More Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5979-5989. [PMID: 31927904 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention due to their high power conversion efficiency (>25%) and low-cost fabrication. Yet, improvements are still needed for more stable and higher-performing solar cells. In this work, a series of TiO2 nanocolumn photonic structures have been intentionally fabricated on half of the compact TiO2-coated fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate by glancing angle deposition with magnetron sputtering, a method particularly suitable for industrial applications due to its high reliability and reduced cost when coating large areas. These vertically aligned nanocolumn arrays were then applied as the electron transport layer into triple-cation lead halide perovskite solar cells based on Cs0.05(FA0.83MA0.17)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3. By comparison to solar cells built onto the same substrate without nanocolumns, the use of TiO2 nanocolumns can significantly enhance the power conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cells by 7% and prolong their shelf life. Here, detailed characterizations on the morphology and the spectroscopic aspects of the nanocolumns, their near-field and far-field optical properties, solar cells characteristics, as well as the charge transport properties provide mechanistic insights on how one-dimensional TiO2 nanocolumns affect the performance of perovskite halide solar cells in terms of charge transport, light harvesting, and stability, knowledge necessary for the future design of higher-performing and more stable perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhelu Hu
- LPEM, ESPCI Paris , PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 10 Rue Vauquelin , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - José Miguel García-Martín
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología IMN-CNM, CSIC, CEI UAM+CSIC , Isaac Newton 8 , E-28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Yajuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , 215123 Suzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Laurent Billot
- LPEM, ESPCI Paris , PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 10 Rue Vauquelin , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , 215123 Suzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Fernando Fresno
- Photoactivated Processes Unit , IMDEA Energy Institute , Avda. Ramón de la Sagra, 3 , 28935 Móstoles , Madrid , Spain
| | - Antonio García-Martín
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología IMN-CNM, CSIC, CEI UAM+CSIC , Isaac Newton 8 , E-28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - María Ujué González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología IMN-CNM, CSIC, CEI UAM+CSIC , Isaac Newton 8 , E-28760 Tres Cantos , Madrid , Spain
| | - Lionel Aigouy
- LPEM, ESPCI Paris , PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 10 Rue Vauquelin , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Zhuoying Chen
- LPEM, ESPCI Paris , PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 10 Rue Vauquelin , F-75005 Paris , France
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56
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Sortino L, Zotev PG, Mignuzzi S, Cambiasso J, Schmidt D, Genco A, Aßmann M, Bayer M, Maier SA, Sapienza R, Tartakovskii AI. Enhanced light-matter interaction in an atomically thin semiconductor coupled with dielectric nano-antennas. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5119. [PMID: 31712619 PMCID: PMC6848120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Unique structural and optical properties of atomically thin two-dimensional semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides enable in principle their efficient coupling to photonic cavities having the optical mode volume close to or below the diffraction limit. Recently, it has become possible to make all-dielectric nano-cavities with reduced mode volumes and negligible non-radiative losses. Here, we realise low-loss high-refractive-index dielectric gallium phosphide (GaP) nano-antennas with small mode volumes coupled to atomic mono- and bilayers of WSe\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}_{2}$$\end{document}2. We observe a photoluminescence enhancement exceeding 10\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}_{2}$$\end{document}2 placed on planar GaP, and trace its origin to a combination of enhancement of the spontaneous emission rate, favourable modification of the photoluminescence directionality and enhanced optical excitation efficiency. A further effect of the coupling is observed in the photoluminescence polarisation dependence and in the Raman scattering signal enhancement exceeding 10\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}^{3}$$\end{document}3. Our findings reveal dielectric nano-antennas as a promising platform for engineering light-matter coupling in two-dimensional semiconductors. Dielectric nano-antennas may be used as a platform for boosting light-matter coupling in 2D semiconductors. Here, the authors demonstrate the coupling of atomically thin WSe\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sortino
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK.
| | - P G Zotev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - S Mignuzzi
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BW, UK
| | - J Cambiasso
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BW, UK
| | - D Schmidt
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Genco
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - M Aßmann
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S A Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BW, UK.,Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - R Sapienza
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BW, UK
| | - A I Tartakovskii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK.
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57
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Carletti L, Li C, Sautter J, Staude I, De Angelis C, Li T, Neshev DN. Second harmonic generation in monolithic lithium niobate metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:33391-33398. [PMID: 31878409 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.033391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Second-order nonlinear metasurfaces have proven their ability to efficiently convert the frequency of incident signals over subwavelength thickness. However, the availability of second-order nonlinear materials for such metasurfaces has so far been limited to III-V semiconductors, which have low transparency in the visible and impose constraints on the excitation geometries due to the lack of diagonal second-order susceptibility components. Here we propose a new design concept for second-order nonlinear metasurfaces on a monolithic substrate, which is not limited by the availability of thin crystalline films and can be applied to any non-centrosymmetric material. We exemplify this concept in a monolithic Lithium Niobate metasurface with cylinder-shaped corrugations for enhanced field confinement. By optimizing the geometrical parameters, we show enhanced second harmonic generation from a near-infrared pump beam with conversion efficiency above 10-5 using 1 GW/cm2 pump intensity. Our approach enables new opportunities for practical designs of generic metasurfaces for nonlinear and quantum light sources.
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58
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Huang Y, Yan J, Ma C, Yang G. Trapping and filtering of light by single Si nanospheres in a GaAs nanocavity. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:16299-16307. [PMID: 31465057 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The arbitrary manipulation of optical waves in the subwavelength dimension is a fundamental issue for the microminiaturization and integration of optic parts. In the past decade, major efforts were focused on the surface plasmon resonance mostly exhibited by metallic nanostructures, which could effectively capture and concentrate the visible light at the cost of high levels of intrinsic losses. However, the use of all-dielectric nanostructures can avoid the abovementioned problem due to lower intrinsic losses and the presence of abundant resonance modes. Herein, as a kind of building block for light manipulation, GaAs nanogrooves were fabricated and studied to obtain comprehensive information about the resonance modes in an individual all-dielectric nanogroove; by placing a single Si nanosphere in an isolated GaAs nanocavity, the nanogroove scattering could be controlled depending on the coupling strength of nanogrooves. The Lorentzian line approximation and harmonic oscillator coupling model were used to pursue the interactions among the resonance modes. Experimental and theoretical studies showed that this heterostructure could trap the broadband visible light in the back and filter the light with a specific wavelength in the front. These findings suggest that the proposed heterostructure can act as a light filter and an antenna on nanophotonic chips due to its unique optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Jiahao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Churong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Guowei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, P.R. China.
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59
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Urbaneja Torres M, Sitek A, Manolescu A. Anisotropic light scattering by prismatic semiconductor nanowires. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:25502-25514. [PMID: 31510422 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.025502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic transverse light scattering by prismatic nanowires is a natural outcome of their geometry. In this work, we perform numerical calculations of the light scattering characteristics for nanowires in the optical and near-infrared range and explore the possibility of tuning the directivity by changing the angle of light incidence. The scattering cross section and the directivity of the scattered light when it is incident perpendicular to a facet or to an edge of the prism are investigated both with transverse electric and with transverse magnetic polarizations. The phenomenology includes Mie resonances and guided modes yielding together rich and complex spectra. We consider nanowires with hexagonal, square and triangular cross sections. The modes that are most sensitive to the incidence angle are the hexapole for the hexagonal case and the quadrupole for the square case. Higher order modes are also sensitive, but mostly for the square geometry. Our results indicate the possibility of a flexible in-situ tunability of the directivity simply by rotating the nanowire profile relatively to the direction of the incident light which could offer potential advantages in applications such as switching or sensing.
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60
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Bouchet D, Krachmalnicoff V, Izeddin I. Cramér-Rao analysis of lifetime estimations in time-resolved fluorescence microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:21239-21252. [PMID: 31510207 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.021239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the lifetime of fluorescent emitters by time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a routine procedure in many research areas spanning from nanophotonics to biology. The precision of such measurement depends on the number of detected photons but also on the various sources of noise arising from the measurement process. Using Fisher information theory, we calculate the lower bound on the precision of lifetime estimations for mono-exponential and bi-exponential distributions. We analyse the dependence of the lifetime estimation precision on experimentally relevant parameters, including the contribution of a non-uniform background noise and the instrument response function (IRF) of the setup. We also provide an open-source code to determine the lower bound on the estimation precision for any experimental conditions. Two practical examples illustrate how this tool can be used to reach optimal precision in time-resolved fluorescence microscopy.
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Sautter JD, Xu L, Miroshnichenko AE, Lysevych M, Volkovskaya I, Smirnova DA, Camacho-Morales R, Zangeneh Kamali K, Karouta F, Vora K, Tan HH, Kauranen M, Staude I, Jagadish C, Neshev DN, Rahmani M. Tailoring Second-Harmonic Emission from (111)-GaAs Nanoantennas. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3905-3911. [PMID: 31136193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) in resonant dielectric Mie-scattering nanoparticles has been hailed as a powerful platform for nonlinear light sources. While bulk-SHG is suppressed in elemental semiconductors, for example, silicon and germanium due to their centrosymmetry, the group of zincblende III-V compound semiconductors, especially (100)-grown AlGaAs and GaAs, have recently been presented as promising alternatives. However, major obstacles to push the technology toward practical applications are the limited control over directionality of the SH emission and especially zero forward/backward radiation, resulting from the peculiar nature of the second-order nonlinear susceptibility of this otherwise highly promising group of semiconductors. Furthermore, the generated SH signal for (100)-GaAs nanoparticles depends strongly on the polarization of the pump. In this work, we provide both theoretically and experimentally a solution to these problems by presenting the first SHG nanoantennas made from (111)-GaAs embedded in a low index material. These nanoantennas show superior forward directionality compared to their (100)-counterparts. Most importantly, based on the special symmetry of the crystalline structure, it is possible to manipulate the SHG radiation pattern of the nanoantennas by changing the pump polarization without affecting the linear properties and the total nonlinear conversion efficiency, hence paving the way for efficient and flexible nonlinear beam-shaping devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen D Sautter
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 Australia
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Engineering and Information Technology , University of New South Wales , Canberra , ACT 2600 , Australia
| | - Andrey E Miroshnichenko
- School of Engineering and Information Technology , University of New South Wales , Canberra , ACT 2600 , Australia
| | - Mykhaylo Lysevych
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Irina Volkovskaya
- Institute of Applied Physics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Nizhny Novgorod 603950 , Russia
| | - Daria A Smirnova
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Rocio Camacho-Morales
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Khosro Zangeneh Kamali
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Fouad Karouta
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Kaushal Vora
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Hoe H Tan
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Martti Kauranen
- Photonics Laboratory, Physics Unit , Tampere University , P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere , Finland
| | - Isabelle Staude
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Dragomir N Neshev
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Mohsen Rahmani
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 Australia
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62
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Grinblat G, Nielsen MP, Dichtl P, Li Y, Oulton RF, Maier SA. Ultrafast sub-30-fs all-optical switching based on gallium phosphide. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw3262. [PMID: 31214652 PMCID: PMC6570513 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw3262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Gallium phosphide (GaP) is one of the few available materials with strong optical nonlinearity and negligible losses in the visible (λ > 450 nm) and near-infrared regime. In this work, we demonstrate that a GaP film can generate sub-30-fs (full width at half maximum) transmission modulation of up to ~70% in the 600- to 1000-nm wavelength range. Nonlinear simulations using parameters measured by the Z-scan approach indicate that the transmission modulation arises from the optical Kerr effect and two-photon absorption. Because of the absence of linear absorption, no slower free-carrier contribution is detected. These findings place GaP as a promising ultrafast material for all-optical switching at modulation speeds of up to 20 THz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Grinblat
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Departamento de Física, FCEN, IFIBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael P. Nielsen
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Paul Dichtl
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yi Li
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitut München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Rupert F. Oulton
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitut München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
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63
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Mignuzzi S, Vezzoli S, Horsley SAR, Barnes WL, Maier SA, Sapienza R. Nanoscale Design of the Local Density of Optical States. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1613-1617. [PMID: 30786717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose a design concept for tailoring the local density of optical states (LDOS) in dielectric nanostructures, based on the phase distribution of the scattered optical fields induced by point-like emitters. First we demonstrate that the LDOS can be expressed in terms of a coherent summation of constructive and destructive contributions. By using an iterative approach, dielectric nanostructures can be designed to effectively remove the destructive terms. In this way, dielectric Mie resonators, featuring low LDOS for electric dipoles, can be reshaped to enable enhancements of 3 orders of magnitude. To demonstrate the generality of the method, we also design nanocavities that enhance the radiated power of a circular dipole, a quadrupole, and an arbitrary collection of coherent dipoles. Our concept provides a powerful tool for high-performance dielectric resonators and affords fundamental insights into light-matter coupling at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Mignuzzi
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2BW , United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Vezzoli
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2BW , United Kingdom
| | - Simon A R Horsley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Exeter , Exeter EX4 4QL , United Kingdom
| | - William L Barnes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Exeter , Exeter EX4 4QL , United Kingdom
| | - Stefan A Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2BW , United Kingdom
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics , Ludwig-Maxilimians-Universität München , München 80539 , Germany
| | - Riccardo Sapienza
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2BW , United Kingdom
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64
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Sabri L, Huang Q, Liu JN, Cunningham BT. Design of anapole mode electromagnetic field enhancement structures for biosensing applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:7196-7212. [PMID: 30876288 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.007196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The design of an all-dielectric nanoantenna based on nonradiating "anapole" modes is studied for biosensing applications in an aqueous environment, using FDTD electromagnetic simulation. The strictly confined electromagnetic field within a circular or rectangular opening at the center of a cylindrical silicon disk produces a single point electromagnetic hotspot with up to 6.5x enhancement of |E|, for the 630-650 nm wavelength range, and we can increase the value up to 25x by coupling additional electromagnetic energy from an underlying PEC-backed substrate. We characterize the effects of the substrate design and slot dimensions on the field enhancement magnitude, for devices operating in a water medium.
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65
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Vaskin A, Mashhadi S, Steinert M, Chong KE, Keene D, Nanz S, Abass A, Rusak E, Choi DY, Fernandez-Corbaton I, Pertsch T, Rockstuhl C, Noginov MA, Kivshar YS, Neshev DN, Noginova N, Staude I. Manipulation of Magnetic Dipole Emission from Eu 3+ with Mie-Resonant Dielectric Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1015-1022. [PMID: 30605616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mie-resonant high-index dielectric nanoparticles and metasurfaces have been suggested as a viable platform for enhancing both electric and magnetic dipole transitions of fluorescent emitters. While the enhancement of the electric dipole transitions by such dielectric nanoparticles has been demonstrated experimentally, the case of magnetic-dipole transitions remains largely unexplored. Here, we study the enhancement of spontaneous emission of Eu3+ ions, featuring both electric and magnetic-dominated dipole transitions, by dielectric metasurfaces composed of Mie-resonant silicon nanocylinders. By coating the metasurfaces with a layer of an Eu3+ doped polymer, we observe an enhancement of the Eu3+ emission associated with the electric (at 610 nm) and magnetic-dominated (at 590 nm) dipole transitions. The enhancement factor depends systematically on the spectral proximity of the atomic transitions to the Mie resonances as well as their multipolar order, both controlled by the nanocylinder size. Importantly, the branching ratio of emission via the electric or magnetic transition channel can be modified by carefully designing the metasurface, where the magnetic dipole transition is enhanced more than the electric transition for cylinders with radii of about 130 nm. We confirm our observations by numerical simulations based on the reciprocity principle. Our results open new opportunities for bright nanoscale light sources based on magnetic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Vaskin
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Soheila Mashhadi
- Center for Materials Research , Norfolk State University , Norfolk , Virginia 23504 , United States
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Katie E Chong
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - David Keene
- Center for Materials Research , Norfolk State University , Norfolk , Virginia 23504 , United States
| | - Stefan Nanz
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Aimi Abass
- Institute of Nanotechnology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , 76021 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Evgenia Rusak
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Duk-Yong Choi
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | | | - Thomas Pertsch
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Carsten Rockstuhl
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , 76021 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Mikhail A Noginov
- Center for Materials Research , Norfolk State University , Norfolk , Virginia 23504 , United States
| | - Yuri S Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Dragomir N Neshev
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Natalia Noginova
- Center for Materials Research , Norfolk State University , Norfolk , Virginia 23504 , United States
| | - Isabelle Staude
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , 07745 Jena , Germany
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66
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Sakamoto M, Saitow KI. Field enhancement of MoS 2: visualization of the enhancement and effect of the number of layers. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:22215-22222. [PMID: 30383061 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05650a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) are layered semiconductor materials with unique electronic and optical properties. In the family of 2D TMDCs, molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) is a promising material for next-generation optoelectrical devices due to its high mobility and characteristic properties. The properties of 2D TMDCs, as well as device performances, can be further improved by a field enhancement effect. However, field enhancement has not been reported to date in the 2D TMDC family. Here, we show the field enhancement of MoS2 and its dependence on the number of layers (5-850 layers). Measurements of the fluorescence intensity of a dye solution, crystal violet, were used to visualize the enhancement factor (EF) for a MoS2 flake as a map. The EFs on the map were independently confirmed by x-y-z size measurements of the same MoS2 flake with an atomic force microscope. Furthermore, the obtained x-y-z sizes of the MoS2 flake were used for the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations to evaluate field enhancement. As a result, the MoS2 flake with a specific thickness (ca. 80 layers) gave the highest enhancement with EF = 100. Theoretical calculations based on the Mie scattering theory also confirmed the experimental EF mapping results, the dependence on the number of layers, and the component analysis of field enhancement. As another crucial point, large and small enhancement effects were attributed to the electric field and charge transfer effects, respectively, both of which depend on the number of layers. A transition region of these effects was indicated at around 300-400 layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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67
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Grinblat G, Berté R, Nielsen MP, Li Y, Oulton RF, Maier SA. Sub-20 fs All-Optical Switching in a Single Au-Clad Si Nanodisk. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7896-7900. [PMID: 30449109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric nanoantennas have recently emerged as promising elements for nonlinear and ultrafast nanophotonics due to their ability to concentrate light on the nanometer scale with low losses, while exhibiting large nonlinear susceptibilities. In this work, we demonstrate that single Si nanodisks covered with a thin 30 nm thick layer of Au can generate positive and negative sub-20 fs reflectivity modulations of ∼0.3% in the vicinity of the first-order anapole mode, when excited around the second-order anapole mode. The experimental results, characterized in the visible to near-infrared spectral range, suggest that the nonlinear optical Kerr effect is the responsible mechanism for the observed all-optical switching phenomena. These findings represent an important step toward nanoscale ultrafast all-optical signal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Grinblat
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo Berté
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil , Brasília , Federal District 70040-020 , Brazil
| | - Michael P Nielsen
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Yi Li
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Rupert F Oulton
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Stefan A Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitut München, Fakultät für Physik , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , München 80539 , Germany
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68
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Abujetas DR, Sánchez-Gil JA, Sáenz JJ. Generalized Brewster effect in high-refractive-index nanorod-based metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:31523-31541. [PMID: 30650737 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.031523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The interference between electric and magnetic dipolar fields is known to lead to asymmetric angular distributions of the scattered intensity from small high refractive index (HRI) particles. Properly designed all-dielectric metasurfaces based on HRI spheres have been shown to exhibit zero reflectivity, a generalized Brewster's effect, potentially for any angle, wavelength and polarization of choice. At normal incidence, the effect is related to the absence of backscattering from small dielectric spheres or disks at the, so-called, first Kerker condition. In contrast, homogeneous HRI cylinders do not fulfil the first Kerker condition due to the mismatch between the local electric and magnetic density of states. In this work, we show that although a zero back-scattering condition can never be achieved for individual cylinders, when they are arranged in a periodic array their mutual interaction leads to an anomalous Kerker condition, leading to a generalized Brewster's effect in a nanorod-based metasurface. We derive a coupled electric and magnetic dipole (CEMD) analytical formulation to describe the properties of a periodic array of HRI nanorods in full agreement with exact numerical calculations.
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69
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Hybrid Metal-Dielectric Nano-Aperture Antenna for Surface Enhanced Fluorescence. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11081435. [PMID: 30110964 PMCID: PMC6119926 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid metal-dielectric nano-aperture antenna is proposed for surface-enhanced fluorescence applications. The nano-apertures that formed in the composite thin film consist of silicon and gold layers. These were numerically investigated in detail. The hybrid nano-aperture shows a more uniform field distribution within the apertures and a higher antenna quantum yield than pure gold nano-apertures. The spectral features of the hybrid nano-apertures are independent of the aperture size. This shows a high enhancement effect in the near-infrared region. The nano-apertures with a dielectric gap were then demonstrated theoretically for larger enhancement effects. The hybrid nano-aperture is fully adaptable to large-scale availability and reproducible fabrication. The hybrid antenna will improve the effectiveness of surface-enhanced fluorescence for applications, including sensitive biosensing and fluorescence analysis.
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70
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Dawood F, Wang J, Schulze PA, Sheehan CJ, Buck MR, Dennis AM, Majumder S, Krishnamurthy S, Ticknor M, Staude I, Brener I, Goodwin PM, Amro NA, Hollingsworth JA. The Role of Liquid Ink Transport in the Direct Placement of Quantum Dot Emitters onto Sub-Micrometer Antennas by Dip-Pen Nanolithography. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801503. [PMID: 29952107 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) is used to precisely position core/thick-shell ("giant") quantum dots (gQDs; ≥10 nm in diameter) exclusively on top of silicon nanodisk antennas (≈500 nm diameter pillars with a height of ≈200 nm), resulting in periodic arrays of hybrid nanostructures and demonstrating a facile integration strategy toward next-generation quantum light sources. A three-step reading-inking-writing approach is employed, where atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the pre-patterned substrate topography are used as maps to direct accurate placement of nanocrystals. The DPN "ink" comprises gQDs suspended in a non-aqueous carrier solvent, o-dichlorobenzene. Systematic analyses of factors influencing deposition rate for this non-conventional DPN ink are described for flat substrates and used to establish the conditions required to achieve small (sub-500 nm) feature sizes, namely: dwell time, ink-substrate contact angle and ink volume. Finally, it is shown that the rate of solvent transport controls the feature size in which gQDs are found on the substrate, but also that the number and consistency of nanocrystals deposited depends on the stability of the gQD suspension. Overall, the results lay the groundwork for expanded use of nanocrystal liquid inks and DPN for fabrication of multi-component nanostructures that are challenging to create using traditional lithographic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Dawood
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Peter A Schulze
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Chris J Sheehan
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Matthew R Buck
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Allison M Dennis
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Somak Majumder
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Sachi Krishnamurthy
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Matthew Ticknor
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Isabelle Staude
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 0200, Australia
| | - Igal Brener
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Peter M Goodwin
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Nabil A Amro
- Advanced Creative Solutions Technology, Carlsbad, CA, 92008, USA
| | - Jennifer A Hollingsworth
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
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71
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Bohn J, Bucher T, Chong KE, Komar A, Choi DY, Neshev DN, Kivshar YS, Pertsch T, Staude I. Active Tuning of Spontaneous Emission by Mie-Resonant Dielectric Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3461-3465. [PMID: 29709198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mie-resonant dielectric metasurfaces offer comprehensive opportunities for the manipulation of light fields with high efficiency. Additionally, various strategies for the dynamic tuning of the optical response of such metasurfaces were demonstrated, making them important candidates for reconfigurable optical devices. However, dynamic control of the light-emission properties of active Mie-resonant dielectric metasurfaces by an external control parameter has not been demonstrated so far. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the dynamic tuning of spontaneous emission from a Mie-resonant dielectric metasurface that is situated on a fluorescent substrate and embedded into a liquid crystal cell. By switching the liquid crystal from the nematic state to the isotropic state via control of the cell temperature, we induce a shift of the spectral position of the metasurface resonances. This results in a change of the local photonic density of states, which, in turn, governs the enhancement of spontaneous emission from the substrate. Specifically, we observe spectral tuning of both the electric and magnetic dipole resonances, resulting in a 2-fold increase of the emission intensity at λ ≈ 900 nm. Our results demonstrate a viable strategy to realize flat tunable light sources based on dielectric metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Bohn
- Institute of Applied Physics , Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Tobias Bucher
- Institute of Applied Physics , Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Pertsch
- Institute of Applied Physics , Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Isabelle Staude
- Institute of Applied Physics , Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , 07745 Jena , Germany
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72
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Morozov S, Gaio M, Maier SA, Sapienza R. Metal-Dielectric Parabolic Antenna for Directing Single Photons. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3060-3065. [PMID: 29595270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantum emitters radiate light omni-directionally, making it hard to collect and use the generated photons. Here, we propose a three-dimensional metal-dielectric parabolic antenna surrounding an individual quantum dot as a source of collimated single photons, which can then be easily extracted and manipulated. Our fabrication method relies on a single optically induced polymerization step once the selected emitter has been localized by confocal microscopy. Compared to conventional nanoantennas, our geometry does not require near-field coupling, and it is, therefore, very robust against misalignment issues and minimally affected by absorption in the metal. The parabolic antenna provides one of the largest reported experimental directivities ( D = 106) and the lowest beam divergences (Θ1/2 = 13.5°) and a broadband operation over all of the visible and near-infrared range together with extraction efficiency of more than 96%, offering a practical advantage for quantum technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Morozov
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Michele Gaio
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Stefan A Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Faculty of Physics , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 80799 München , Germany
| | - Riccardo Sapienza
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
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73
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Ao X. Surface mode with large field enhancement in dielectric-dimer-on-mirror structures. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1091-1094. [PMID: 29489788 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures with accessible and strongly enhanced fields are useful for a variety of applications related to surface-enhanced light-matter interaction. We describe a method to migrate localized fields from a metal to dielectric surface. By arranging low-index contrast dielectric dimers on an optically thick metal film, a narrow-linewidth resonant mode is formed through diffraction coupling, with accessible enhancement away from a metal surface. The enhancement in the electric field intensity is over 2000 by dielectric dimers with a 100 nm gap and 720 nm period, and the resonant linewidth is about 0.35 nm around the wavelength of 725 nm. The dispersion of this periodic structure allows resonant enhancement of not only emission but also excitation. The design principle provides a means to tune the narrow-linewidth resonance over a wide wavelength range from ultraviolet to near-infrared.
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74
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Tiguntseva EY, Zograf GP, Komissarenko FE, Zuev DA, Zakhidov AA, Makarov SV, Kivshar YS. Light-Emitting Halide Perovskite Nanoantennas. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1185-1190. [PMID: 29365259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoantennas made of high-index dielectrics with low losses in visible and infrared frequency ranges have emerged as a novel platform for advanced nanophotonic devices. On the other hand, halide perovskites are known to possess high refractive index, and they support excitons at room temperature with high binding energies and quantum yield of luminescence that makes them very attractive for all-dielectric resonant nanophotonics. Here we employ halide perovskites to create light-emitting nanoantennas with enhanced photoluminescence due to the coupling of their excitons to dipolar and multipolar Mie resonances. We demonstrate that the halide perovskite nanoantennas can emit light in the range of 530-770 nm depending on their composition. We employ a simple technique based on laser ablation of thin films prepared by wet-chemistry methods as a novel cost-effective approach for the fabrication of resonant perovskite nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Tiguntseva
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - G P Zograf
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - F E Komissarenko
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - D A Zuev
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - A A Zakhidov
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
- University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - S V Makarov
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Yuri S Kivshar
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Australian National University , Canberra, Austrailian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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75
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Abdelwahab I, Grinblat G, Leng K, Li Y, Chi X, Rusydi A, Maier SA, Loh KP. Highly Enhanced Third-Harmonic Generation in 2D Perovskites at Excitonic Resonances. ACS NANO 2018; 12:644-650. [PMID: 29261278 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) have attracted considerable attention due to their rich photonic and optoelectronic properties. The natural multi-quantum-well structure of 2D RPPs has been predicted to exhibit a large third-order nonlinearity. However, nonlinear optical studies on 2D RPPs have previously been conducted only on bulk polycrystalline samples, in which only weak third-harmonic generation (THG) has been observed. Here, we perform parametric nonlinear optical characterization of 2D perovskite nanosheets mechanically exfoliated from four different lead halide RPP single crystals, from which we observe ultrastrong THG with a maximum effective third-order susceptibility (χ(3)) of 1.12 × 10-17 m2 V-2. A maximum conversion efficiency of 0.006% is attained, which is more than 5 orders of magnitude higher than previously reported values for 2D materials. The THG emission is resonantly enhanced at the excitonic band gap energy of the 2D RPP crystals and can be tuned from violet to red by selecting the RPP homologue with the requisite resonance. Due to signal depletion effects and phase-matching conditions, the strongest nonlinear response is achieved for thicknesses less than 100 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abdelwahab
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM) and Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117546
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117456
| | - Gustavo Grinblat
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Leng
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM) and Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117546
| | - Yi Li
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao Chi
- Department of Physics and Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119077
| | - Andrivo Rusydi
- Department of Physics and Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119077
| | - Stefan A Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München , 80799 München, Germany
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM) and Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117546
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76
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Liu JN, Huang Q, Liu KK, Singamaneni S, Cunningham BT. Nanoantenna-Microcavity Hybrids with Highly Cooperative Plasmonic-Photonic Coupling. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7569-7577. [PMID: 29078049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoantennas offer the ultimate spatial control over light by concentrating optical energy well below the diffraction limit, whereas their quality factor (Q) is constrained by large radiative and dissipative losses. Dielectric microcavities, on the other hand, are capable of generating a high Q-factor through an extended photon storage time but have a diffraction-limited optical mode volume. Here we bridge the two worlds, by studying an exemplary hybrid system integrating plasmonic gold nanorods acting as nanoantennas with an on-resonance dielectric photonic crystal (PC) slab acting as a low-loss microcavity and, more importantly, by synergistically combining their advantages to produce a much stronger local field enhancement than that of the separate entities. To achieve this synergy between the two polar opposite types of nanophotonic resonant elements, we show that it is crucial to coordinate both the dissipative loss of the nanoantenna and the Q-factor of the low-loss cavity. In comparison to the antenna-cavity coupling approach using a Fabry-Perot resonator, which has proved successful for resonant amplification of the antenna's local field intensity, we theoretically and experimentally show that coupling to a modest-Q PC guided resonance can produce a greater amplification by at least an order of magnitude. The synergistic nanoantenna-microcavity hybrid strategy opens new opportunities for further enhancing nanoscale light-matter interactions to benefit numerous areas such as nonlinear optics, nanolasers, plasmonic hot carrier technology, and surface-enhanced Raman and infrared absorption spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Nung Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Qinglan Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Keng-Ku Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Brian T Cunningham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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77
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Yuan S, Qiu X, Cui C, Zhu L, Wang Y, Li Y, Song J, Huang Q, Xia J. Strong Photoluminescence Enhancement in All-Dielectric Fano Metasurface with High Quality Factor. ACS NANO 2017; 11:10704-10711. [PMID: 29023088 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
All-dielectric metamaterials offer great flexibility for controlling light-matter interaction, owing to their strong electric and magnetic resonances with negligible loss at wavelengths above the material bandgap. Here, we propose an all-dielectric asymmetric metasurface structure exhibiting high quality factor and prominent Fano line shape. Over three-orders photoluminescence enhancement is demonstrated in the fabricated all-dielectric metasurface with record-high quality factor of 1011. We find this strong emission enhancement is attributed to the coherent Fano resonances, which originate from the destructive interferences of antisymmetric displacement currents in the asymmetric all-dielectric metasurface. Our observations show a promising approach to realize light emitters based on all-dielectric metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xingzhi Qiu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Chengcong Cui
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Liangqiu Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yi Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jinwen Song
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Qingzhong Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jinsong Xia
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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78
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Hemphill AS, Shen Y, Liu Y, Wang LV. High-speed single-shot optical focusing through dynamic scattering media with full-phase wavefront shaping. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2017. [PMID: 29249832 DOI: 10.1063/1.4994311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In biological applications, optical focusing is limited by the diffusion of light, which prevents focusing at depths greater than ∼1 mm in soft tissue. Wavefront shaping extends the depth by compensating for phase distortions induced by scattering and thus allows for focusing light through biological tissue beyond the optical diffusion limit by using constructive interference. However, due to physiological motion, light scattering in tissue is deterministic only within a brief speckle correlation time. In in vivo tissue, this speckle correlation time is on the order of milliseconds, and so the wavefront must be optimized within this brief period. The speed of digital wavefront shaping has typically been limited by the relatively long time required to measure and display the optimal phase pattern. This limitation stems from the low speeds of cameras, data transfer and processing, and spatial light modulators. While binary-phase modulation requiring only two images for the phase measurement has recently been reported, most techniques require at least three frames for the full-phase measurement. Here, we present a full-phase digital optical phase conjugation method based on off-axis holography for single-shot optical focusing through scattering media. By using off-axis holography in conjunction with graphics processing unit based processing, we take advantage of the single-shot full-phase measurement while using parallel computation to quickly reconstruct the phase map. With this system, we can focus light through scattering media with a system latency of approximately 9 ms, on the order of the in vivo speckle correlation time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuecheng Shen
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Lihong V Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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79
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Rutckaia V, Heyroth F, Novikov A, Shaleev M, Petrov M, Schilling J. Quantum Dot Emission Driven by Mie Resonances in Silicon Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:6886-6892. [PMID: 28968505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Resonant dielectric nanostructures represent a promising platform for light manipulation at the nanoscale. In this paper, we describe an active photonic system based on Ge(Si) quantum dots coupled to silicon nanodisks. We show that Mie resonances govern the enhancement of the photoluminescent signal from embedded quantum dots due to a good spatial overlap of the emitter position with the electric field of Mie modes. We identify the coupling mechanism, which allows for engineering the resonant Mie modes through the interaction of several nanodisks. In particular, the mode hybridization in a nanodisk trimer results in an up to 10-fold enhancement of the luminescent signal due to the excitation of resonant antisymmetric magnetic and electric dipole modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Rutckaia
- Centre for Innovation Competence SiLi-nano, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Science and Technology of Nanostructures , Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frank Heyroth
- Interdisciplinary Center of Material Science, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexey Novikov
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPM RAS) , Academicheskaya Street 7, 603950 Nizhniy Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Shaleev
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPM RAS) , Academicheskaya Street 7, 603950 Nizhniy Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Mihail Petrov
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , Birzhevaya liniya 14, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland , Yliopistokatu 7, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Joerg Schilling
- Centre for Innovation Competence SiLi-nano, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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80
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Zenin VA, Evlyukhin AB, Novikov SM, Yang Y, Malureanu R, Lavrinenko AV, Chichkov BN, Bozhevolnyi SI. Direct Amplitude-Phase Near-Field Observation of Higher-Order Anapole States. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7152-7159. [PMID: 29058440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anapole states associated with the resonant suppression of electric-dipole scattering exhibit minimized extinction and maximized storage of electromagnetic energy inside a particle. Using numerical simulations, optical extinction spectroscopy, and amplitude-phase near-field mapping of silicon dielectric disks, we demonstrate high-order anapole states in the near-infrared wavelength range (900-1700 nm). We develop the procedure for unambiguously identifying anapole states by monitoring the normal component of the electric near-field and experimentally detect the first two anapole states as verified by far-field extinction spectroscopy and confirmed with the numerical simulations. We demonstrate that higher-order anapole states possess stronger energy concentration and narrower resonances, a remarkable feature that is advantageous for their applications in metasurfaces and nanophotonics components, such as nonlinear higher-harmonic generators and nanoscale lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Zenin
- SDU Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Andrey B Evlyukhin
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. , 30419 Hannover, Germany
- ITMO University , Kronverksky Pr. 49, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Sergey M Novikov
- SDU Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Yuanqing Yang
- SDU Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Radu Malureanu
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- National Centre for Micro- and Nano-Fabrication, Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrei V Lavrinenko
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- ITMO University , Kronverksky Pr. 49, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Boris N Chichkov
- SDU Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Leibniz University , 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sergey I Bozhevolnyi
- SDU Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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81
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Yavas O, Svedendahl M, Dobosz P, Sanz V, Quidant R. On-a-chip Biosensing Based on All-Dielectric Nanoresonators. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4421-4426. [PMID: 28616986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanophotonics has become a key enabling technology in biomedicine with great promises in early diagnosis and less invasive therapies. In this context, the unique capability of plasmonic noble metal nanoparticles to concentrate light on the nanometer scale has widely contributed to biosensing and enhanced spectroscopy. Recently, high-refractive index dielectric nanostructures featuring low loss resonances have been proposed as a promising alternative to nanoplasmonics, potentially offering better sensing performances along with full compatibility with the microelectronics industry. In this letter we report the first demonstration of biosensing with silicon nanoresonators integrated in state-of-the-art microfluidics. Our lab-on-a-chip platform enables detecting Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) cancer marker in human serum with a sensitivity that meets clinical needs. These performances are directly compared with its plasmonic counterpart based on gold nanorods. Our work opens new opportunities in the development of future point-of-care devices toward a more personalized healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Yavas
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Mikael Svedendahl
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Paulina Dobosz
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Vanesa Sanz
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Romain Quidant
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats , 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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82
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Makarov SV, Petrov MI, Zywietz U, Milichko V, Zuev D, Lopanitsyna N, Kuksin A, Mukhin I, Zograf G, Ubyivovk E, Smirnova DA, Starikov S, Chichkov BN, Kivshar YS. Efficient Second-Harmonic Generation in Nanocrystalline Silicon Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3047-3053. [PMID: 28409641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent trends to employ high-index dielectric particles in nanophotonics are motivated by their reduced dissipative losses and large resonant enhancement of nonlinear effects at the nanoscale. Because silicon is a centrosymmetric material, the studies of nonlinear optical properties of silicon nanoparticles have been targeting primarily the third-harmonic generation effects. Here we demonstrate, both experimentally and theoretically, that resonantly excited nanocrystalline silicon nanoparticles fabricated by an optimized laser printing technique can exhibit strong second-harmonic generation (SHG) effects. We attribute an unexpectedly high yield of the nonlinear conversion to a nanocrystalline structure of nanoparticles supporting the Mie resonances. The demonstrated efficient SHG at green light from a single silicon nanoparticle is 2 orders of magnitude higher than that from unstructured silicon films. This efficiency is significantly higher than that of many plasmonic nanostructures and small silicon nanoparticles in the visible range, and it can be useful for a design of nonlinear nanoantennas and silicon-based integrated light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Makarov
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Mihail I Petrov
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Urs Zywietz
- Nanotechnology Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. , Hannover D-30419, Germany
| | - Valentin Milichko
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Dmitry Zuev
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Natalia Lopanitsyna
- Laboratory of Chemical Thermodynamics, Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 125412, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Moscow 141701 Russia
| | - Alexey Kuksin
- Laboratory of Chemical Thermodynamics, Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 125412, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Moscow 141701 Russia
| | - Ivan Mukhin
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - George Zograf
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | | | - Daria A Smirnova
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Australian National University , Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Sergey Starikov
- Laboratory of Chemical Thermodynamics, Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 125412, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Moscow 141701 Russia
| | - Boris N Chichkov
- Nanotechnology Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. , Hannover D-30419, Germany
| | - Yuri S Kivshar
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University , St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Australian National University , Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
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83
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Shibanuma T, Grinblat G, Albella P, Maier SA. Efficient Third Harmonic Generation from Metal-Dielectric Hybrid Nanoantennas. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:2647-2651. [PMID: 28288274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
High refractive index dielectric nanoantennas are expected to become key elements for nonlinear nano-optics applications due to their large nonlinearities, low energy losses, and ability to produce high electric field enhancements in relatively large nanoscale volumes. In this work, we show that the nonlinear response from a high-index dielectric nanoantenna can be significantly improved by adding a metallic component to build a metal-dielectric hybrid nanostructure. We demonstrate that the plasmonic resonance of a Au nanoring can boost the anapole mode supported by a Si nanodisk, strongly enhancing the electric field inside the large third-order susceptibility dielectric. As a result, a high third harmonic conversion efficiency, which reaches 0.007% at a third harmonic wavelength of 440 nm, is obtained. In addition, by suitably modifying geometrical parameters of the hybrid nanoantenna, we tune the enhanced third harmonic emission throughout the optical regime. Coupling metallic and dielectric nanoantennas to expand the potential of subwavelength structures opens new paths for efficient nonlinear optical effects in the visible range on the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Shibanuma
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Central Technical Research Laboratory, JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation , 8, Chidori-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0815, Japan
| | - Gustavo Grinblat
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Albella
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- University Institute for Intelligent Systems and Numerical Applications in Engineering (SIANI) University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Stefan A Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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