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Bila D, Radwan Y, Dobrovolskaia MA, Panigaj M, Afonin KA. The Recognition of and Reactions to Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles by Human Immune Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144231. [PMID: 34299506 PMCID: PMC8306967 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The relatively straightforward methods of designing and assembling various functional nucleic acids into nanoparticles offer advantages for applications in diverse diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. However, due to the novelty of this approach, nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) are not yet used in the clinic. The immune recognition of NANPs is among the areas of preclinical investigation aimed at enabling the translation of these novel materials into clinical settings. NANPs’ interactions with the complement system, coagulation systems, and immune cells are essential components of their preclinical safety portfolio. It has been established that NANPs’ physicochemical properties—composition, shape, and size—determine their interactions with immune cells (primarily blood plasmacytoid dendritic cells and monocytes), enable recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), and mediate the subsequent cytokine response. However, unlike traditional therapeutic nucleic acids (e.g., CpG oligonucleotides), NANPs do not trigger a cytokine response unless they are delivered into the cells using a carrier. Recently, it was discovered that the type of carrier provides an additional tool for regulating both the spectrum and the magnitude of the cytokine response to NANPs. Herein, we review the current knowledge of NANPs’ interactions with various components of the immune system to emphasize the unique properties of these nanomaterials and highlight opportunities for their use in vaccines and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Bila
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 04154 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Yasmine Radwan
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Martin Panigaj
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 04154 Kosice, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (K.A.A.); Tel.: +421-55-234-1205 (M.P.); +1-704-687-0685 (K.A.A.)
| | - Kirill A. Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (K.A.A.); Tel.: +421-55-234-1205 (M.P.); +1-704-687-0685 (K.A.A.)
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52
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Rolband L, Yourston L, Chandler M, Beasock D, Danai L, Kozlov S, Marshall N, Shevchenko O, Krasnoslobodtsev AV, Afonin KA. DNA-Templated Fluorescent Silver Nanoclusters Inhibit Bacterial Growth While Being Non-Toxic to Mammalian Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:4045. [PMID: 34279383 PMCID: PMC8271471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver has a long history of antibacterial effectiveness. The combination of atomically precise metal nanoclusters with the field of nucleic acid nanotechnology has given rise to DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs) which can be engineered with reproducible and unique fluorescent properties and antibacterial activity. Furthermore, cytosine-rich single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides designed to fold into hairpin structures improve the stability of AgNCs and additionally modulate their antibacterial properties and the quality of observed fluorescent signals. In this work, we characterize the sequence-specific fluorescence and composition of four representative DNA-AgNCs, compare their corresponding antibacterial effectiveness at different pH, and assess cytotoxicity to several mammalian cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Rolband
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Liam Yourston
- Department of Physics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Morgan Chandler
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Damian Beasock
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Leyla Danai
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Seraphim Kozlov
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Nolan Marshall
- Department of Physics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Oleg Shevchenko
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | | | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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53
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Panigaj M, Dobrovolskaia MA, Afonin KA. 2021: an immunotherapy odyssey and the rise of nucleic acid nanotechnology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1635-1640. [PMID: 34170189 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Panigaj
- Institute of Biology & Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, 04154, Slovak Republic
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by The National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscale Science Program, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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54
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Saito RF, Rangel MC, Halman JR, Chandler M, de Sousa Andrade LN, Odete-Bustos S, Furuya TK, Carrasco AGM, Chaves-Filho AB, Yoshinaga MY, Miyamoto S, Afonin KA, Chammas R. Simultaneous silencing of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases 1-4 by nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) improves radiation response of melanoma cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 36:102418. [PMID: 34171470 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Radiation induces the generation of platelet-activating factor receptor (PAF-R) ligands, including PAF and oxidized phospholipids. Alternatively, PAF is also synthesized by the biosynthetic enzymes lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs) which are expressed by tumor cells including melanoma. The activation of PAF-R by PAF and oxidized lipids triggers a survival response protecting tumor cells from radiation-induced cell death, suggesting the involvement of the PAF/PAF-R axis in radioresistance. Here, we investigated the role of LPCATs in the melanoma cell radiotherapy response. LPCAT is a family of four enzymes, LPCAT1-4, and modular nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) allowed for the simultaneous silencing of all four LPCATs. We found that the in vitro simultaneous silencing of all four LPCAT transcripts by NANPs enhanced the therapeutic effects of radiation in melanoma cells by increasing cell death, reducing long-term cell survival, and activating apoptosis. Thus, we propose that NANPs are an effective strategy for improving radiotherapy efficacy in melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata F Saito
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Cristina Rangel
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Justin R Halman
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
| | - Morgan Chandler
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
| | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Silvina Odete-Bustos
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tatiane Katsue Furuya
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexis Germán Murillo Carrasco
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Adriano B Chaves-Filho
- Laboratório de Lipídeos Modificados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Y Yoshinaga
- Laboratório de Lipídeos Modificados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Laboratório de Lipídeos Modificados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
| | - Roger Chammas
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
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55
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Xu J, Qiu X, Hildebrandt N. When Nanoworlds Collide: Implementing DNA Amplification, Nanoparticles, Molecules, and FRET into a Single MicroRNA Biosensor. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4802-4808. [PMID: 34041910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Isothermal nucleic acid amplification strategies have been combined with nanotechnology for advanced biosensing, material design, and biomedical applications. However, merging phenomena and materials of different nanoscales with the aim of exploiting all their benefits at once has remained a challenging endeavor. Here, we exemplify the various problems one can encounter when combining the nanodimensions of lanthanide complexes (∼2 nm), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET, ∼5 nm), quantum dots (QDs, ∼20 nm), and rolling circle amplification (RCA, ∼250 nm) into a single microRNA biosensor and how these challenges can be overcome. Six different approaches, including simple FRET-RCA, enzyme-digesting FRET-RCA, and FRET-hyperbranched-RCA were investigated. We demonstrated specific miR-21 detection with 80 fM limit of detection and multiplexing capability with FRET from a Tb complex to different QDs. The detailed view on the various complex multi-nanodimensional assay systems elucidated the limited clinical translation of such sophisticated multicomponent nanobiosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Xu
- nanofret.com, Laboratoire Chimie Organique, Bioorganique, Réactivité et Analyse (COBRA), Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Xue Qiu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266237 Qingdao, China
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- nanofret.com, Laboratoire Chimie Organique, Bioorganique, Réactivité et Analyse (COBRA), Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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56
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Johnson MB, Chandler M, Afonin KA. Nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) as molecular tools to direct desirable and avoid undesirable immunological effects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:427-438. [PMID: 33857556 PMCID: PMC8178219 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) represent a highly versatile molecular platform for the targeted delivery of various therapeutics. However, despite their promise, further clinical translation of this innovative technology can be hindered by immunological off-target effects. All human cells are equipped with an arsenal of receptors that recognize molecular patterns specific to foreign nucleic acids and understanding the rules that guide this recognition offer the key rationale for the development of therapeutic NANPs with tunable immune stimulation. Numerous recent studies have provided increasing evidence that in addition to NANPs' physicochemical properties and therapeutic effects, their interactions with cells of the immune system can be regulated through multiple independently programmable architectural parameters. The results further suggest that defined immunomodulation by NANPs can either support their immunoquiescent delivery or be used for conditional stimulation of beneficial immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brittany Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Morgan Chandler
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
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57
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Benizri S, Gaubert A, Soulard C, Gontier É, Svahn I, Rocchi P, Vacher G, Barthélémy P. Hydrogel based lipid-oligonucleotides: a new route to self-delivery of therapeutic sequences. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3638-3644. [PMID: 33949449 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00273b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic OligoNucleotides (ON) provide promising therapeutic tools for controlling specifically genetic expression in a broad range of diseases from cancers to viral infections. Beside their chemical stability and intracellular delivery, the controlled release of therapeutic sequences remains an important challenge for successful clinical applications. In this work, Lipid-OligoNucleotide (LON) conjugates stabilizing hydrogels are reported and characterized by rheology and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). These studies revealed that lipid conjugation of antisense oligonucleotides featuring partial self-complementarity resulted in entangled pearl-necklace networks, which were obtained through micelle-micelle interaction driven by duplex formation. Owing to these properties, the Lipid AntiSense Oligonucleotide (LASO) sequences exhibited a prolonged release after subcutaneous administration compared to the non-lipidic antisense (ASO) one. The LASO self-assembly based hydrogels obtained without adjuvant represent an innovative approach for the sustained self-delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Benizri
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Alexandra Gaubert
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Charlotte Soulard
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Étienne Gontier
- Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS3420 CNRS, University of Bordeaux, US4 INSERM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Svahn
- Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS3420 CNRS, University of Bordeaux, US4 INSERM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Palma Rocchi
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University U105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Gaëlle Vacher
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Philippe Barthélémy
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.
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58
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Shanaa OA, Rumyantsev A, Sambuk E, Padkina M. In Vivo Production of RNA Aptamers and Nanoparticles: Problems and Prospects. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051422. [PMID: 33800717 PMCID: PMC7961669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA aptamers are becoming increasingly attractive due to their superior properties. This review discusses the early stages of aptamer research, the main developments in this area, and the latest technologies being developed. The review also highlights the advantages of RNA aptamers in comparison to antibodies, considering the great potential of RNA aptamers and their applications in the near future. In addition, it is shown how RNA aptamers can form endless 3-D structures, giving rise to various structural and functional possibilities. Special attention is paid to the Mango, Spinach and Broccoli fluorescent RNA aptamers, and the advantages of split RNA aptamers are discussed. The review focuses on the importance of creating a platform for the synthesis of RNA nanoparticles in vivo and examines yeast, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a potential model organism for the production of RNA nanoparticles on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousama Al Shanaa
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.R.); (E.S.)
- Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus P.O.B 6091, Syria
- Correspondence: (O.A.S.); (M.P.); Tel.: +7-812-328-2822 (O.A.S.); +7-812-327-9827 (M.P.)
| | - Andrey Rumyantsev
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Elena Sambuk
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Marina Padkina
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.R.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: (O.A.S.); (M.P.); Tel.: +7-812-328-2822 (O.A.S.); +7-812-327-9827 (M.P.)
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59
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Avila YI, Chandler M, Cedrone E, Newton HS, Richardson M, Xu J, Clogston JD, Liptrott NJ, Afonin KA, Dobrovolskaia MA. Induction of Cytokines by Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles (NANPs) Depends on the Type of Delivery Carrier. Molecules 2021; 26:652. [PMID: 33513786 PMCID: PMC7865455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent insights into the immunostimulatory properties of nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) have demonstrated that variations in the shape, size, and composition lead to distinct patterns in their immunostimulatory properties. While most of these studies have used a single lipid-based carrier to allow for NANPs' intracellular delivery, it is now apparent that the platform for delivery, which has historically been a hurdle for therapeutic nucleic acids, is an additional means to tailoring NANP immunorecognition. Here, the use of dendrimers for the delivery of NANPs is compared to the lipid-based platform and the differences in resulting cytokine induction are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelixza I. Avila
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA; (Y.I.A.); (M.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Morgan Chandler
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA; (Y.I.A.); (M.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.C.); (H.S.N.); (J.X.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Hannah S. Newton
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.C.); (H.S.N.); (J.X.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Melina Richardson
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA; (Y.I.A.); (M.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Jie Xu
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.C.); (H.S.N.); (J.X.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Jeffrey D. Clogston
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.C.); (H.S.N.); (J.X.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Neill J. Liptrott
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, UK;
| | - Kirill A. Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA; (Y.I.A.); (M.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.C.); (H.S.N.); (J.X.); (J.D.C.)
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60
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Johnson MB, Halman JR, Miller DK, Cooper JS, Khisamutdinov E, Marriott I, Afonin KA. The immunorecognition, subcellular compartmentalization, and physicochemical properties of nucleic acid nanoparticles can be controlled by composition modification. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:11785-11798. [PMID: 33091133 PMCID: PMC7672449 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) have become powerful new platforms as therapeutic and diagnostic tools due to the innate biological ability of nucleic acids to identify target molecules or silence genes involved in disease pathways. However, the clinical application of NANPs has been limited by factors such as chemical instability, inefficient intracellular delivery, and the triggering of detrimental inflammatory responses following innate immune recognition of nucleic acids. Here, we have studied the effects of altering the chemical composition of a circumscribed panel of NANPs that share the same connectivity, shape, size, charge and sequences. We show that replacing RNA strands with either DNA or chemical analogs increases the enzymatic and thermodynamic stability of NANPs. Furthermore, we have found that such composition changes affect delivery efficiency and determine subcellular localization, effects that could permit the targeted delivery of NANP-based therapeutics and diagnostics. Importantly, we have determined that altering NANP composition can dictate the degree and mechanisms by which cell immune responses are initiated. While RNA NANPs trigger both TLR7 and RIG-I mediated cytokine and interferon production, DNA NANPs stimulate minimal immune activation. Importantly, incorporation of 2'F modifications abrogates RNA NANP activation of TLR7 but permits RIG-I dependent immune responses. Furthermore, 2'F modifications of DNA NANPs significantly enhances RIG-I mediated production of both proinflammatory cytokines and interferons. Collectively this indicates that off-target effects may be reduced and/or desirable immune responses evoked based upon NANPs modifications. Together, our studies show that NANP composition provides a simple way of controlling the immunostimulatory potential, and physicochemical and delivery characteristics, of such platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Brittany Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Justin R Halman
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Daniel K Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Joseph S Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | | | - Ian Marriott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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61
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Nordmeier S, Ke W, Afonin KA, Portnoy V. Exosome mediated delivery of functional nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs). NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2020; 30:102285. [PMID: 32781137 PMCID: PMC7680442 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RNAi-based technologies have shown biomedical potential; however, safe and efficient delivery of RNA remains a barrier for their broader clinical applications. Nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) programmed to self-assemble and organize multiple therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs) also became attractive candidates for diverse therapeutic options. Various synthetic nanocarriers are used to deliver TNAs and NANPs, but their clinical translation is limited due to immunotoxicity. Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles involved in cellular communication. Due to their ability to deliver biomolecules, exosomes are a novel delivery choice. In this study, we explored the exosome-mediated delivery of NANPs designed to target GFP. We assessed the intracellular uptake, gene silencing efficiency, and immunostimulation of exosomes loaded with NANPs. We also confirmed that interdependent RNA/DNA fibers upon recognition of each other after delivery, can conditionally activate NF-kB decoys and prevent pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our study overcomes challenges in TNA delivery and demonstrates future studies in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weina Ke
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
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62
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Bhattacharjee S, Brayden DJ. Addressing the challenges to increase the efficiency of translating nanomedicine formulations to patients. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:235-254. [PMID: 33108229 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1826434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology is in a growth phase for drug delivery and medical imaging. Nanomaterials with unique properties present opportunities for encapsulation of therapeutics and imaging agents, along with conjugation to ligands for targeting. Favorable chemistry of nanomaterials can create formulations that address critical challenges for therapeutics, such as insolubility and a low capacity to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and intestinal wall. AREAS COVERED The authors investigate challenges faced during translation of nanomedicines while suggesting reasons as to why some nanoformulations have under-performed in clinical trials. They assess physiological barriers such as the BBB and gut mucus that nanomedicines must overcome to deliver cargos. They also provide an overview with examples of how nanomedicines can be designed to improve localization and site-specific delivery (e.g., encapsulation, bioconjugation, and triggered-release). EXPERT OPINION There are examples where nanomedicines have demonstrated improved efficacy of payload in humans; however, most of the advantages conferred were in improved pharmacokinetics and reduced toxicity. Problematic data show susceptibility of nanoformulations against natural protective mechanisms present in the body, including distribution impediment by physiological barriers and activation of the reticuloendothelial system. Further initiatives should address current challenges while expanding the scope of nanomedicine into advanced biomedical imaging and antibiotic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J Brayden
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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