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Wang T, Chen Q, Lu H, Li W, Li Z, Ma J, Gao H. Shedding PEG Palisade by Temporal Photostimulation and Intracellular Reducing Milieu for Facilitated Intracellular Trafficking and DNA Release. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1949-57. [PMID: 27453033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The dilemma of poly(ethylene glycol) surface modification (PEGylation) inspired us to develop an intracellularly sheddable PEG palisade for synthetic delivery systems. Here, we attempted to conjugate PEG to polyethylenimine (PEI) through tandem linkages of disulfide-bridge susceptible to cytoplasmic reduction and an azobenzene/cyclodextrin inclusion complex responsive to external photoirradiation. The subsequent investigations revealed that facile PEG detachment could be achieved in endosomes upon photoirradiation, consequently engendering exposure of membrane-disruptive PEI for facilitated endosome escape. The liberated formulation in the cytosol was further subjected to complete PEG detachment relying on disulfide cleavage in the reductive cytosol, thus accelerating dissociation of electrostatically assembled PEI/DNA polyplex to release DNA by means of polyion exchange reaction with intracellularly charged species, ultimately contributing to efficient gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieyan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology , 391 Binshui Xidao, Tianjin, Xiqing District, 300384, China
| | - Qixian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hongguang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology , 391 Binshui Xidao, Tianjin, Xiqing District, 300384, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology , 391 Binshui Xidao, Tianjin, Xiqing District, 300384, China
| | - Zaifen Li
- School of Science, Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, Nankai District, 300072, China
| | - Jianbiao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology , 391 Binshui Xidao, Tianjin, Xiqing District, 300384, China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology , 391 Binshui Xidao, Tianjin, Xiqing District, 300384, China
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Zhang W, Shen J, Su H, Mu G, Sun JH, Tan CP, Liang XJ, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Co-Delivery of Cisplatin Prodrug and Chlorin e6 by Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Chemo-Photodynamic Combination Therapy to Combat Drug Resistance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:13332-13340. [PMID: 27164222 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Combination therapy shows great promise in circumventing cisplatin resistance. We report herein the development of a novel nanoscale drug delivery system (nDDS) based nanotherapeutic that combines chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) into one single platform to achieve synergistic anticancer capacity to conquer cisplatin resistance. Mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNs) was used as the drug delivery vector to conjugate cisplatin prodrug and to load photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) to afford the dual drug loaded delivery system MSNs/Ce6/Pt. The hybrid nanoparticles have an average diameter of about 100 nm and slightly positive surface charge of about 18.2 mV. The MSNs/Ce6/Pt nanoparticles can be efficiently internalized by cells through endocytosis, thereby achieving much higher cellular Pt uptake than cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant A549R lung cancer cells. After 660 nm light irradiation (10 mW/cm(2)), the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in MSNs/Ce6/Pt treated cells was elevated dramatically. As a result of these properties, MSNs/Ce6/Pt exhibited very potent anticancer activity against A549R cells, giving a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for the combination therapy of 0.53 μM, much lower than that of cisplatin (25.1 μM). This study suggests the great potential of nDDS-based nanotherapeutic for combined chemo-photodynamic therapy to circumvent cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Hua Su
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ge Mu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Hua Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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Li M, Zhao M, Fu Y, Li Y, Gong T, Zhang Z, Sun X. Enhanced intranasal delivery of mRNA vaccine by overcoming the nasal epithelial barrier via intra- and paracellular pathways. J Control Release 2016; 228:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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How can macromolecular crowding inhibit biological reactions? The enhanced formation of DNA nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22033. [PMID: 26903405 PMCID: PMC4763241 DOI: 10.1038/srep22033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the already known effect that macromolecular crowding usually promotes biological reactions, solutions of PEG 6k at high concentrations stop the cleavage of DNA by HindIII enzyme, due to the formation of DNA nanoparticles. We characterized the DNA nanoparticles and probed the prerequisites for their formation using multiple techniques such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, fluorescence analytical ultracentrifugation etc. In >25% PEG 6k solution, macromolecular crowding promotes the formation of DNA nanoparticles with dimensions of several hundreds of nanometers. The formation of DNA nanoparticles is a fast and reversible process. Both plasmid DNA (2686 bp) and double-stranded/single-stranded DNA fragment (66bp/nt) can form nanoparticles. We attribute the enhanced nanoparticle formation to the depletion effect of macromolecular crowding. This study presents our idea to enhance the formation of DNA nanoparticles by macromolecular crowding, providing the first step towards a final solution to efficient gene therapy.
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Fan G, Fan M, Wang Q, Jiang J, Wan Y, Gong T, Zhang Z, Sun X. Bio-inspired polymer envelopes around adenoviral vectors to reduce immunogenicity and improve in vivo kinetics. Acta Biomater 2016; 30:94-105. [PMID: 26546972 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors have attracted substantial interest for systemic tumor gene therapy, but further work is needed to reduce their immunogenicity and alter their biodistribution before they can be used in the clinic. Here we describe a bio-inspired, cleavable PEGylated β-cyclodextrin-polyethyleneimine conjugate (CDPCP) that spontaneously coats adenovirus in solution. This cleavable PEG coating reduces the innate and adaptive immunogenicity of adenovirus particles, as well as improves their biodistribution away from the liver and into the tumor. Insertion of a matrix metalloproteinase substrate sequence into the conjugate allows PEG cleavage at the tumor site, simultaneously reducing liver biodistribution and increasing transgene expression in tumors, thereby avoiding the "PEG dilemma". Cationic β-cyclodextrin-PEI not only provides electrostatic attraction to promote envelope attachment to the viral capsid, but it also improves vector internalization and transduction after PEG cleavage. These results suggest that CDPCP may help expand the use of adenoviral vectors in cancer gene therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The synthesized β-cyclodextrin-PEI-MMP-cleavable-PEG polymer (CDPCP), held great potential for gene therapy when applied for adenovirus coating. The β-cyclodextrin-PEI provided a powerful electrostatic attraction to attach the whole polymer onto the viral capsid, while the MMPs-cleavable PEG reduced innate and adaptive immunogenicity and improved the biodistribution of adenovirus vectors due to the tumor-specific enzyme triggered PEG cleavage. More importantly, an ingenious cooperation between the two components could solve the PEG dilemma. The CDPCP/Ad complexes exhibited a comprehensive and valued profile to be a candidate vector for future tumor gene therapy, we believe the current investigation on this kind of biomaterial may be of particular interest to the readership of Acta biomaterialia.
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Mejia-Ariza R, Kronig GA, Huskens J. Size-controlled and redox-responsive supramolecular nanoparticles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:2388-2399. [PMID: 26733345 PMCID: PMC4685861 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Control over the assembly and disassembly of nanoparticles is pivotal for their use as drug delivery vehicles. Here, we aim to form supramolecular nanoparticles (SNPs) by combining advantages of the reversible assembly properties of SNPs using host-guest interactions and of a stimulus-responsive moiety. The SNPs are composed of a core of positively charged poly(ethylene imine) grafted with β-cyclodextrin (CD) and a positively charged ferrocene (Fc)-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer, with a monovalent stabilizer at the surface. Fc was chosen for its loss of CD-binding properties when oxidizing it to the ferrocenium cation. The ionic strength was shown to play an important role in controlling the aggregate growth. The attractive supramolecular and repulsive electrostatic interactions constitute a balance of forces in this system at low ionic strengths. At higher ionic strengths, the increased charge screening led to a loss of electrostatic repulsion and therefore to faster aggregate growth. A Job plot showed that a 1:1 stoichiometry of host and guest moieties gave the most efficient aggregate growth. Different stabilizers were used to find the optimal stopper to limit the growth. A weaker guest moiety was shown to be less efficient in stabilizing the SNPs. Also steric repulsion is important for achieving SNP stability. SNPs of controlled particle size and good stability (up to seven days) were prepared by fine-tuning the ratio of multivalent and monovalent interactions. Finally, reversibility of the SNPs was confirmed by oxidizing the Fc guest moieties in the core of the SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Mejia-Ariza
- Molecular NanoFabrication group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gavin A Kronig
- Molecular NanoFabrication group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular NanoFabrication group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Thapa B, Kumar P, Zeng H, Narain R. Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Mediated Gene Delivery to Hepatocytes Using Galactosylated Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3008-20. [PMID: 26258607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient, specific, and nontoxic gene delivery vector is required for gene therapy to the liver. Hepatocytes exclusively express asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), which can recognize and bind to galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine. Galactosylated polymers are therefore explored for targeted gene delivery to the liver. A library of safe and stable galactose-based glycopolymers that can specifically deliver genes to hepatocytes were synthesized having different architectures, compositions, and molecular weights via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process. The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. Transfection efficiency and uptake of polyplexes with these polymers decreased significantly by preincubation of hepatocytes with free asialofetuin or by adding free asialofetuin together with polyplexes into hepatocytes. The results confirmed that polyplexes with these polymers were taken up specifically by hepatocytes via ASGPR-mediated endocytosis. The results from transfection efficiency and uptake of these polymers in cells without ASGPR, such as SK Hep1 and HeLa cells, further support this mechanism. Since in vitro cytotoxicity assays prove these glycopolymers to be nontoxic, they may be useful for delivery of clinically important genes specifically to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Thapa
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada
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58
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Pacardo DB, Neupane B, Rikard SM, Lu Y, Mo R, Mishra SR, Tracy JB, Wang G, Ligler FS, Gu Z. A dual wavelength-activatable gold nanorod complex for synergistic cancer treatment. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:12096-103. [PMID: 26122945 PMCID: PMC4998739 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01568e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A multifunctional gold nanorod (AuNR) complex is described with potential utility for theranostic anticancer treatment. The AuNR was functionalized with cyclodextrin for encapsulation of doxorubicin, with folic acid for targeting, and with a photo-responsive dextran-azo compound for intracellular controlled drug release. The interaction of a AuNR complex with HeLa cells was facilitated via a folic acid targeting ligand as displayed in the dark-field images of cells. Enhanced anticancer efficacy was demonstrated through the synergistic combination of promoted drug release upon ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation and photothermal therapy upon infrared (IR) irradiation. This multifunctional AuNR-based system represents a novel theranostic strategy for spatiotemporal delivery of anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis B. Pacardo
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Dr., Campus Mailbox 7115, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bhanu Neupane
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Dr., Campus Mailbox 7115, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - S. Michaela Rikard
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Dr., Campus Mailbox 7115, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Dr., Campus Mailbox 7115, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ran Mo
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Dr., Campus Mailbox 7115, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sumeet R. Mishra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Joseph B. Tracy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Gufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Frances S. Ligler
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Dr., Campus Mailbox 7115, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Dr., Campus Mailbox 7115, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Prabha S, Vyas R, Gupta N, Ahmed B, Chandra R, Nimesh S. RNA interference technology with emphasis on delivery vehicles—prospects and limitations. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1391-9. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1058808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Prabha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Vyas
- Department of Biotechnology, The IIS University, Jaipur, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, The IIS University, Jaipur, India
| | - Bahar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Surendra Nimesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, School of Life Sciences, Ajmer, India
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60
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Kong Y, Li W, Mao Q, Wang Y. Development of Supramolecular Pseudo-Block Conjugates Based on Star-Shaped Polycation for DNA Delivery. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunna Kong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Qianying Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Youxiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
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61
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Serum resistant and enhanced transfection of plasmid DNA by PEG-stabilized polyplex nanoparticles of L-histidine substituted polyethyleneimine. Macromol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-015-3074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Manna A, Chakravorti S. Supramolecular effect of curcurbit[7]uril on the binding mode of 2-(4-(dimethylamino) styryl)-1-methylpyridinium iodide with Calf Thymus DNA: From minor groove to intercalative. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 150:120-126. [PMID: 26037496 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of curcurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) in the binding mode of 2-(4-(dimethylamino) styryl)-1-methylpyridinium (DASPMI) with Calf Thymus DNA has been discussed in this paper. Red shift, intensity change in absorption and emission spectra and presence of isosbestic point with increasing concentration of CB[7] in groove bound DASPMI-DNA complex indicates a change in binding pattern. Appearance of a third slower component in lifetime decay in presence of CB[7] which gets more slow in high CB[7] concentration is indicative of a new type of binding. Major changes in ct-DNA bands in circular dichroism spectra with addition of CB[7] make a strong case for intercalative binding. Increased computed values of binding constant associated with diminishing quenching constant in presence of potassium iodide make a positive candidate for intercalative binding. Formation of big spherical condensate in DASPMI-DNA complex in presence of CB[7] which grows bigger in higher CB[7] concentration shows a morphological change. Molecular docking nicely portrays the intercalative nature of binding corroborating the experimental evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Manna
- Department of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sankar Chakravorti
- Department of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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63
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Li W, Liu Y, Du J, Ren K, Wang Y. Cell penetrating peptide-based polyplexes shelled with polysaccharide to improve stability and gene transfection. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:8476-8484. [PMID: 25893559 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr07037b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) have been widely developed as a strategy to enhance cell penetrating ability and transfection. In this work, octa-arginine modified dextran gene vector with pH-sensitivity was developed via host-guest interactions. α-Cyclodextrin was modified with octa-arginine (CDR), which had excellent cell penetrating ability. Dextran was selected as a backbone and modified with azobenzene as guest units by acid-labile imine bonds (Az-I-Dex). The supramolecular polymer CDR/Az-I-Dex with high a C/A molar ratio (molar ratio of CD on CDR to Az on Az-I-Dex) was unfavorable for DNA condensation. The dextran shell of CDR/Az-I-Dex/DNA polyplexes improved the stability under physiological conditions. However, once treated with acetate buffer (pH 5.4) for 3 h, large aggregates formed rapidly due to the cleavage of the dextran shell. As expected, the vector had cell viability of 80% even when the CDR concentration increased to 100 μg mL(-1). Moreover, due to the effective cellular uptake efficiency, CDR/Az-I-Dex/DNA polyplexes had 6-300 times higher transfection efficiency than CDR/DNA polyplexes. It was even higher than high molecular weight PLL-based polyplexes of HEK293 T cells. Importantly, chloroquine as an endosomal escape agent could not improve the transfection of CDR/Az-I-Dex/DNA polyplexes, which indicated that the CDR/Az-I-Dex supramolecular polymer had its own ability for endosomal escape. These results suggested that the CPP-based polyplexes shelled with polysaccharide can be promising non-viral gene delivery carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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Ben-Shushan D, Markovsky E, Gibori H, Tiram G, Scomparin A, Satchi-Fainaro R. Overcoming obstacles in microRNA delivery towards improved cancer therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 4:38-49. [PMID: 25786616 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-013-0160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs found to govern nearly every biological process. They frequently acquire a gain or a loss of function in cancer, hence playing a causative role in the development and progression of cancer. There are major obstacles on the way for the successful delivery of miRNA, which include low cellular uptake of the RNA and endosomal escape, immunogenicity, degradation in the bloodstream, and rapid renal clearance. The delivered miRNA needs to be successfully routed to the target organ, enter the cell and reach its intracellular target in an active form. Consequently, in order to exploit the promise of RNA interference, there is an urgent need for efficient methods to deliver miRNAs. These can be divided into three main categories: complexation, encapsulation, and conjugation. In this review, we will discuss the special considerations for miRNA delivery for cancer therapy, focusing on nonviral delivery systems: lipid, polymeric, and inorganic nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikla Ben-Shushan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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65
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Oliveira MF, Suarez D, Rocha JCB, de Carvalho Teixeira AVN, Cortés ME, De Sousa FB, Sinisterra RD. Electrospun nanofibers of polyCD/PMAA polymers and their potential application as drug delivery system. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 54:252-61. [PMID: 26046289 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we used an electrospinning process to develop highly efficacious and hydrophobic coaxial nanofibers based on poly-cyclodextrin (polyCD) associated with poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) that combines polymeric and supramolecular features for modulating the release of the hydrophilic drug, propranolol hydrochloride (PROP). For this purpose, polyCD was synthesized and characterized, and its biocompatibility was assessed using fibroblast cytotoxicity tests. Moreover, the interactions between the guest PROP molecule and both polyCD and βCD were found to be spontaneous. Subsequently, PROP was encapsulated in uniaxial and coaxial polyCD/PMAA nanofibers. A lower PROP burst effect (reduction of approximately 50%) and higher modulation were observed from the coaxial than from the uniaxial fibers. Thus, the coaxial nanofibers could potentially be a useful strategy for developing a controlled release system for hydrophilic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele F Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 MG, Brazil
| | - Diego Suarez
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 MG, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cézar Barbosa Rocha
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, 36570-000 MG, Brazil
| | | | - Maria E Cortés
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 MG, Brazil
| | - Frederico B De Sousa
- Instituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI), Itajubá, 37500-903 MG, Brazil.
| | - Rubén D Sinisterra
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 MG, Brazil
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66
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Lächelt U, Wagner E. Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Using Polyplexes: A Journey of 50 Years (and Beyond). Chem Rev 2015; 115:11043-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5006793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Lächelt
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative
Munich (NIM), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative
Munich (NIM), 80799 Munich, Germany
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67
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Liu BW, Zhou H, Zhou ST, Yuan JY. Macromolecules based on recognition between cyclodextrin and guest molecules: Synthesis, properties and functions. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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68
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Kongprathet T, Wanichwecharungruang S. Sustaining guest molecules on bio-surfaces by grafting the surfaces with cyclodextrins. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 119:110-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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69
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Qian J, Xu M, Suo A, Xu W, Liu T, Liu X, Yao Y, Wang H. Folate-decorated hydrophilic three-arm star-block terpolymer as a novel nanovehicle for targeted co-delivery of doxorubicin and Bcl-2 siRNA in breast cancer therapy. Acta Biomater 2015; 15:102-16. [PMID: 25545322 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To minimize the side effects and enhance the efficiency of chemotherapy, a novel folate-decorated hydrophilic cationic star-block terpolymer, [poly(l-glutamic acid γ-hydrazide)-b-poly(N,N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide)]3-g-poly(ethylene glycol) ((PGAH-b-PDMAPMA)3-g-PEG), with disulfide linkages between the PEG and PDMAPMA blocks, was developed for targeted co-delivery of doxorubicin and Bcl-2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) into breast cancer cells. The terpolymer was synthesized by a combination of ring-opening polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, PEGylation and hydrazinolysis. The chemical structures of the polymers were confirmed by (1)H-NMR analysis. The terpolymer could conjugate doxorubicin via an acid-labile hydrazone linkage and simultaneously efficiently complex siRNA through electrostatic interaction at N/P ratios of ⩾4:1 to form "two-in-one" nanomicelleplexes, which displayed a spherical shape and had an average size of 101.3 nm. The doxorubicin loading efficiency and content were 61.0 and 13.23%, respectively. The cytotoxicity, drug release profile, targeting ability, cellular uptake and intracellular distribution of the nanomicelleplexes were evaluated in vitro. We found that the release behaviors of doxorubicin and siRNA had a pH/reduction dual dependency. They were released faster under reductive acidic conditions (pH 5.0, glutathione: 10mM) than under physiological conditions (pH 7.4). The folate-decorated nanomicelleplexes could deliver doxorubicin and Bcl-2 siRNA more efficiently into the same MCF-7 cell and exhibited a higher cytotoxicity than non-targeted nanomicelleplexes. These results indicate that the terpolymer could act as an efficient vehicle for targeted intracellular co-delivery of doxorubicin and therapeutic siRNA in cancer therapy.
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70
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Ren X, Feng Y, Guo J, Wang H, Li Q, Yang J, Hao X, Lv J, Ma N, Li W. Surface modification and endothelialization of biomaterials as potential scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5680-742. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00483c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent developments of surface modification and endothelialization of biomaterials in vascular tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Jintang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Haixia Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Xuefang Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Juan Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Free University of Berlin
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Wenzhong Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery
- University of Rostock
- D-18057 Rostock
- Germany
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71
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Jain S, Kumar S, Agrawal AK, Thanki K, Banerjee UC. Hyaluronic acid–PEI–cyclodextrin polyplexes: implications for in vitro and in vivo transfection efficiency and toxicity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03283k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reveals novel HA–PEI–CyD polyplexes as non-viral vectors for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali
- India
| | - S. Kumar
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali
- India
| | - A. K. Agrawal
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali
- India
| | - K. Thanki
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali
- India
| | - U. C. Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali
- India
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72
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Xu M, Qian J, Suo A, Liu T, Liu X, Wang H. A reduction-dissociable PEG-b-PGAH-b-PEI triblock copolymer as a vehicle for targeted co-delivery of doxorubicin and P-gp siRNA. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00034c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The formation and drug release by dissociation in the tumor microenvironment of PEG-b-PGAH-b-PEI triblock copolymeric nanomicelleplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Junmin Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Aili Suo
- Department of Medical Oncology
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
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73
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Trotta F, Caldera F, Cavalli R, Mele A, Punta C, Melone L, Castiglione F, Rossi B, Ferro M, Crupi V, Majolino D, Venuti V, Scalarone D. Synthesis and characterization of a hyper-branched water-soluble β-cyclodextrin polymer. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:2586-93. [PMID: 25550720 PMCID: PMC4273288 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A new hyper-branched water-soluble polymer was synthesized by reacting β-cyclodextrin with pyromellitic dianhydride beyond the critical conditions that allow the phenomenon of gelation to occur. The molar ratio between the monomers is a crucial parameter that rules the gelation process. Nevertheless, the concentration of monomers in the solvent phase plays a key role as well. Hyper-branched β-cyclodextrin-based polymers were obtained performing the syntheses with excess of solvent and cross-linking agent, and the conditions for critical dilution were determined experimentally. A hyper-branched polymer with very high water solubility was obtained and fully characterized both as for its chemical structure and for its capability to encapsulate substances. Fluorescein was used as probe molecule to test the complexation properties of the new material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Trotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Caldera
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Mele
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Punta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucio Melone
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Franca Castiglione
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste. Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy and Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - Monica Ferro
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenza Crupi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienza della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 Contrada Papardo, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Majolino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienza della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 Contrada Papardo, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Venuti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienza della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 Contrada Papardo, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Dominique Scalarone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Islam MA, Park T, Singh B, Maharjan S, Firdous J, Cho MH, Kang SK, Yun CH, Choi Y, Cho CS. Major degradable polycations as carriers for DNA and siRNA. J Control Release 2014; 193:74-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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75
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Therapeutic potential of siRNA and DNAzymes in cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9505-21. [PMID: 25149153 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, invasion, and metastasis and possess threat to humans worldwide. The scientific community is facing numerous challenges despite several efforts to cure cancer. Though a number of studies were done earlier, the molecular mechanism of cancer progression is not completely understood. Currently available treatments like surgery resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are not completely effective in curing all the cancers. Recent advances in the antisense technology provide a powerful tool to investigate various cancer pathways and target them. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) could be effective in downregulating the cancer-associated genes, but their in vivo delivery is the main obstacle. DNA enzymes (DNAzymes) have great potential in the treatment of cancer due to high selectivity and significant catalytic efficiency. In this review, we are focusing on antisense molecules such as siRNA and DNAzymes in cancer therapeutics development. This review also describes the challenges and approaches to overcome obstacles involved in using siRNA and DNAzymes in the treatment of cancers.
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76
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Nakano Y, Sato E, Matsumoto A. Synthesis and thermal, optical, and mechanical properties of sequence-controlled poly(1-adamantyl acrylate)-block-poly(n-butyl acrylate) containing polar side group. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka City University; 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Eriko Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka City University; 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Akikazu Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka Prefecture University; 1-1 Gakuen-cho Naka-ku, Sakai Osaka 599-8531 Japan
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77
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Abstract
Gene therapy is a widespread and promising treatment of many diseases resulting from genetic disorders, infections and cancer. The feasibility of the gene therapy is mainly depends on the development of appropriate method and suitable vectors. For an efficient gene delivery, it is very important to use a carrier that is easy to produce, stable, non-oncogenic and non-immunogenic. Currently most of the vectors actually suffer from many problems. Therefore, the ideal gene therapy delivery system should be developed that can be easily used for highly efficient delivery and able to maintain long-term gene expression, and can be applicable to basic research as well as clinical settings. This article provides a brief over view on the concept and aim of gene delivery, the different gene delivery systems and use of different materials as a carrier in the area of gene therapy.
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78
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Lai WF, Jung HS. Cell transfection with a β-cyclodextrin-PEI-propane-1,2,3-triol nanopolymer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100258. [PMID: 24956480 PMCID: PMC4067318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful gene therapy necessitates safe and efficient gene transfer. This article describes the use of a cationic polymer, which was synthesized by cross-linking low molecular weight branched poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) with both β-cyclodextrin and propane-1,2,3-triol, for efficient and safe non-viral gene delivery. Experimentation demonstrated that the polymer had a pH buffering capacity and DNA condensing ability comparable to those of PEI 25 kDa. In B16-F0 cells, the polymer increased the transfection efficiency of naked DNA by 700-fold and yielded better transfection efficiencies than Fugene HD (threefold higher) and PEI 25 kDa (fivefold higher). The high transfection efficiency of the polymer was not affected by the presence of serum during transfection. In addition to B16-F0 cells, the polymer enabled efficient transfection of HepG2 and U87 cells with low cytotoxicity. Our results indicated that our polymer is a safe and efficient transfection reagent that warrants further development for in vitro, in vivo and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- * E-mail:
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79
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Supramolecular polymers based on cyclodextrins for drug and gene delivery. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 125:207-49. [PMID: 20839082 DOI: 10.1007/10_2010_91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers based on cyclodextrins (CDs) have inspired interesting and rapid developments as novel biomaterials in a broad range of drug and gene delivery applications, due to their low cytotoxicity, controllable size, and unique architecture. This review will summarize the potential applications of polyrotaxanes in the field of drug delivery and gene delivery. Generally, cyclodextrin-based biodegradable polypseudorotaxane hydrogels could be used as a promising injectable drug delivery system for sustained and controlled drug release. Temperature-responsive, pH-sensitive, and controllable hydrolyzable polyrotaxane hydrogels have attracted much attention because of their controllable properties, and the self-assembly micelles formed by amphiphilic copolymer threaded with CDs could be used as a carrier for controlled and sustained drug release. Polyrotaxanes with drug or ligand conjugated CDs threaded on a polymer chain with a biodegradable end group could be useful for controlled and multivalent targeted delivery. In the field of gene delivery, cationic polyrotaxanes consisting of multiple OEI-grafted CDs threaded on a block copolymer chain are attractive non-viral gene carries due to the strong DNA-binding ability, low cytotoxicity, and high gene delivery capability. Furthermore, cytocleavable end-caps were introduced in the polyrotaxane systems in order to ensure efficient endosomal escape for intracellular trafficking of DNA. The development of the supramolecular approach using CD-containing polyrotaxanes is expected to provide a new paradigm for biomaterials.
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80
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Nguyen KCT, Muthiah M, Islam MA, Kalash RS, Cho CS, Park H, Lee IK, Kim HJ, Park IK, Cho KA. Selective transfection with osmotically active sorbitol modified PEI nanoparticles for enhanced anti-cancer gene therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 119:126-36. [PMID: 24880989 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polysorbitol-mediated transporter (PSMT) has been previously shown to achieve high transfection efficiency with minimal cytotoxicity. Polysorbitol backbone possesses osmotic properties and leads to enhanced cellular uptake. The PSMT/pDNA nanoparticles were prepared and the particle size, surface charge of the nanoparticles was determined for the study. PSMT delivers genes into cells by the caveolae mediated endocytic pathway. Caveolae expression is usually altered in transformed cancer cells. Transfection through the caveolae may help PSMT to selectively transfect cancer cells rather than normal cells. Transfection of the luciferase gene by PSMT was tested in various cell types including cancer cell lines, primary cells, and immortalized cells. Luciferase transgene expression mediated by PSMT was remarkably increased in HeLa cells compared to expression using the control carrier Lipofectamine. Moreover, the toxicity of PSMT was comparable to the control carrier (Lipofectamine) in the same cells. Selective transfection of cancer cells using PSMT was further confirmed by co-culture of cancer and normal cells, which showed that transgene expression was pre-dominantly achieved in cancer cells. A functional p53 gene was also delivered into HeLa cells using PSMT and the selective transgene expression of p53 protein in cancer cells was analyzed through western blotting and confocal microscopy. HeLa cells transfected with PSMT/p53 plasmid nanoparticles showed cellular damage and apoptosis, which was confirmed through propidium iodide staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Cuc Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, South Korea; BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, South Korea
| | - Muthunarayanan Muthiah
- Department of Biomedical Science and Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, South Korea; BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Ariful Islam
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea
| | - R Santhosh Kalash
- Department of Biomedical Science and Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, South Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea
| | - Hansoo Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Il-Kwon Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 519-763, South Korea
| | - Hyeoung-Joon Kim
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 519-763, South Korea
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, South Korea; BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, South Korea.
| | - Kyung A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, South Korea; BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, South Korea.
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81
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Low molecular weight PEI-appended polyesters as non-viral gene delivery vectors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 78:118-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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82
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Yang B, Jia H, Wang X, Chen S, Zhang X, Zhuo R, Feng J. Self-assembled vehicle construction via boronic acid coupling and host-guest interaction for serum-tolerant DNA transport and pH-responsive drug delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:596-608. [PMID: 23983152 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
By exploiting boronic acid coupling and host-guest chemistry, a pH-responsive drug/gene co-delivery nanoplatform is designed for cancer treatments with the excellently serum-tolerant transfection activity and the capability to load and release hydrophobic drugs in an acidity-accelerated manner. Via boronate linkage, γ-CD is allowed to spontaneously attach onto phenylboronic-acid-modified oligoethylenimine (PEI1.8K-PB2.9 ) at neutral condition. The formed vehicle/DNA nanoformulation is thus surrounded densely by γ-CD moieties to biomimic the carbohydrate-rich cell surface, providing a novel approach to overcome serum-susceptible drawbacks frequently associated with synthetic gene carriers. PEI1.8K-PB2.9 -γ-CD conjugates demonstrate significantly improved cell-biocompatibility and transfection activity over PEI1.8K-PB2.9 . Noticeably, serum-associated inhibition effect is negligible for PEI1.8K-PB2.9 -γ-CD-mediated transfection whereas marked transfection reduction occurs for PEI25K and PEI1.8K-PB2.9 upon serum exposure. Consequently, PEI1.8K-PB2.9 -γ-CDs afford much higher transfection efficiency, that is, 25-fold higher luciferase expression over PEI25K in presence of 30% serum. An anticancer drug of doxorubicin (DOX) is shown to be readily accommodated into the nanoformulation via host-guest chemistry and intracellularly co-delivered together with plasmid DNA. Due to the acidity-labile feature of boronate linkage, DOX/γ-CD inclusion complexes would be mostly detached from the nanoformulation triggered by acidity, leading to faster drug release. Furthermore, drug inclusion does not alter the serum-compatible transfection efficiency of PEI1.8K-PB2.9 -γ-CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Xuli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah 84108 USA
| | - Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Xianzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Renxi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Jun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
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83
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Shen J, Kim HC, Su H, Wang F, Wolfram J, Kirui D, Mai J, Mu C, Ji LN, Mao ZW, Shen H. Cyclodextrin and polyethylenimine functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles for delivery of siRNA cancer therapeutics. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:487-97. [PMID: 24672582 PMCID: PMC3966054 DOI: 10.7150/thno.8263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective delivery holds the key to successful in vivo application of therapeutic small interfering RNA (siRNA). In this work, we have developed a universal siRNA carrier consisting of a mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNP) functionalized with cyclodextrin-grafted polyethylenimine (CP). CP provides positive charge for loading of siRNA through electrostatic interaction and enables effective endosomal escape of siRNA. Using intravital microscopy we were able to monitor tumor enrichment of CP-MSNP/siRNA particles in live mice bearing orthotopic MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors. CP-MSNP delivery of siRNA targeting the M2 isoform of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase (PKM2) resulted in effective knockdown of gene expression in vitro and in vivo. Suppression of PKM2 led to inhibition of tumor cell growth, invasion, and migration.
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84
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Wang L, Yang YW, Zhu M, Qiu G, Wu G, Gao H. β-Cyclodextrin-conjugated amino poly(glycerol methacrylate)s for efficient insulin delivery. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47150k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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85
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Abstract
For the last five decades cationic polymers have been used for nucleic acids transfection. Our understanding of polymer-nucleic acid interactions and their rational use in delivery has continuously increased. The great improvements in macromolecular chemistry and the recognition of distinct biological extra- and intracellular delivery hurdles triggered several breakthrough developments, including the discovery of natural and synthetic polycations for compaction of nucleic acids into stable nanoparticles termed polyplexes; the incorporation of targeting ligands and surface-shielding of polyplexes to enable receptor-mediated gene delivery into defined target tissues; and strongly improved intracellular transfer efficacy by better endosomal escape of vesicle-trapped polyplexes into the cytosol. These experiences triggered the development of second-generation polymers with more dynamic properties, such as endosomal pH-responsive release mechanisms, or biodegradable units for improved biocompatibility and intracellular release of the nucleic acid pay load. Despite a better biological understanding, significant challenges such as efficient nuclear delivery and persistence of gene expression persist. The therapeutic perspectives widened from pDNA-based gene therapy to application of novel therapeutic nucleic acids including mRNA, siRNA, and microRNA. The finding that different therapeutic pay loads require different tailor-made carriers complicates preclinical developments. Convincing evidence of medical efficacy still remains to be demonstrated. Bioinspired multifunctional polyplexes resembling "synthetic viruses" appear as attractive opportunity, but provide additional challenges: how to identify optimum combinations of functional delivery units, and how to prepare such polyplexes reproducibly in precise form? Design of sequence-defined polymers, screening of combinatorial polymer and polyplex libraries are tools for further chemical evolution of polyplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, and Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Munich, Germany
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86
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Li W, Du J, Zheng K, Zhang P, Hu Q, Wang Y. Multifunctional nanoparticles via host–guest interactions: a universal platform for targeted imaging and light-regulated gene delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1579-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48098d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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87
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Simeon RL, Chamoun AM, McMillin T, Chen Z. Discovery and characterization of a new cell-penetrating protein. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2678-87. [PMID: 24047285 DOI: 10.1021/cb4004089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new cell-penetrating protein, B1, capable of delivering conjugated proteins and nucleic acids into mammalian cells. B1 is a 244-amino-acid product of a single-base frameshift in the gene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). The molecule has a net positive charge of 43 and a very high charge-to-mass ratio of 1.5. eGFP-fused B1 potently penetrates both adherent and suspension cells with >80% of cells taking up the protein when exposed to concentrations as low as 1 μM. The protein was found to cluster in the paranuclear region of TZM-bl cells. Most importantly, we show that B1 not only facilitates cellular uptake but allows biomolecular cargo to reach sites of biological relevance. For example, baby hamster kidney cells underwent DNA recombination when exposed to B1-tagged Cre recombinase at protein concentrations as low as 2.5 μM, indicating potent nuclear delivery of functional protein cargos. Additionally, B1 delivers noncovalently conjugated RNA and DNA across the cell membrane to cytosolic and nuclear sites accessible to the cellular translation and transcription machinery, as gauged by detection of encoded reporter functions, with efficiency comparable to commercially available cationic lipid reagents. B1 appears to utilize cell-surface glycans and multiple competing endocytic pathways to enter and traffic through cells. These studies provide both a new tool for intracellular delivery of biomolecules and insights that could aid in the design of more effective cell penetrating proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudo L. Simeon
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ana Maria Chamoun
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Thomas McMillin
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Zhilei Chen
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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88
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Potta T, Zhen Z, Grandhi TSP, Christensen MD, Ramos J, Breneman CM, Rege K. Discovery of antibiotics-derived polymers for gene delivery using combinatorial synthesis and cheminformatics modeling. Biomaterials 2013; 35:1977-88. [PMID: 24331709 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe the combinatorial synthesis and cheminformatics modeling of aminoglycoside antibiotics-derived polymers for transgene delivery and expression. Fifty-six polymers were synthesized by polymerizing aminoglycosides with diglycidyl ether cross-linkers. Parallel screening resulted in identification of several lead polymers that resulted in high transgene expression levels in cells. The role of polymer physicochemical properties in determining efficacy of transgene expression was investigated using Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) cheminformatics models based on Support Vector Regression (SVR) and 'building block' polymer structures. The QSAR model exhibited high predictive ability, and investigation of descriptors in the model, using molecular visualization and correlation plots, indicated that physicochemical attributes related to both, aminoglycosides and diglycidyl ethers facilitated transgene expression. This work synergistically combines combinatorial synthesis and parallel screening with cheminformatics-based QSAR models for discovery and physicochemical elucidation of effective antibiotics-derived polymers for transgene delivery in medicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thrimoorthy Potta
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA
| | - Zhuo Zhen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | | | | | - James Ramos
- Harrington Biomedical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Curt M Breneman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Kaushal Rege
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA; Harrington Biomedical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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89
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Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved, endogenous process for post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Although RNAi therapeutics have recently progressed through the pipeline toward clinical trials, the application of these as ideal, clinical therapeutics requires the development of safe and effective delivery systems. Inspired by the immense progress with nanotechnology in drug delivery, efforts have been dedicated to the development of nanoparticle-based RNAi delivery systems. For example, a precisely engineered, multifunctional nanocarrier with combined passive and active targeting capabilities may address the delivery challenges for the widespread use of RNAi as a therapy. Therefore, in this review, we introduce the major hurdles in achieving efficient RNAi delivery and discuss the current advances in applying nanotechnology-based delivery systems to overcome the delivery hurdles of RNAi therapeutics. In particular, some representative examples of nanoparticle-based delivery formulations for targeted RNAi therapeutics are highlighted.
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90
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Zhao F, Yin H, Li J. Supramolecular self-assembly forming a multifunctional synergistic system for targeted co-delivery of gene and drug. Biomaterials 2013; 35:1050-62. [PMID: 24189097 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
For developing a multifunctional bioreducible targeted and synergistic co-delivery system for anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) and p53 gene for potential cancer therapy, supramolecular self-assembled inclusion complex was prepared from PTX and star-shaped cationic polymer containing γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and multiple oligoethylenimine (OEI) arms with folic acid (FA) conjugated via a disulfide linker. The inclusion complex, termed as γ-CD-OEI-SS-FA/PTX, was formed between PTX and the hydrophobic cavity of γ-CD core of the star polymer. The γ-CD-OEI-SS-FA/PTX complex further formed polyplexes with pDNA to give positively charged nanoparticles, becoming multifunctional supramolecular self-assembled co-delivery system for PTX and pDNA targeting to cancer cells that overexpress folate receptors (FRs). The results showed that the FA-targeted function induced higher gene transfection efficiency in the FR-positive KB cells. The redox-sensitive disulfide linker in the self-assembly system led to the detachment of the FA groups from the carrier after the FR-mediated endocytosis, which resulted in the release of the bound FRs followed by the recycling of the FRs from the cytosol onto the cell membrane surface, facilitating continuous FR-mediated endocytosis to achieve enhanced gene transfection. In addition, the complexed PTX was co-delivered to the cells with pDNA, which further enhanced the gene transfection even at low N/P ratios in the FR-positive KB cells. Further, the efficient delivery of wild-type p53 gene resulted in large cell population at sub G1 and G2/M phases, inducing significant cell apoptosis. Therefore, the multifunctional γ-CD-OEI-SS-FA/PTX self-assembly system with the synergistic effects of redox-sensitive FA-targeted and PTX-enhanced p53 gene delivery may be promising for cancer therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574, Singapore
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91
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Kanasty R, Dorkin JR, Vegas A, Anderson D. Delivery materials for siRNA therapeutics. NATURE MATERIALS 2013; 12:967-77. [PMID: 24150415 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1307] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has broad potential as a therapeutic to reversibly silence any gene. To achieve the clinical potential of RNAi, delivery materials are required to transport short interfering RNA (siRNA) to the site of action in the cells of target tissues. This Review provides an introduction to the biological challenges that siRNA delivery materials aim to overcome, as well as a discussion of the way that the most effective and clinically advanced classes of siRNA delivery systems, including lipid nanoparticles and siRNA conjugates, are designed to surmount these challenges. The systems that we discuss are diverse in their approaches to the delivery problem, and provide valuable insight to guide the design of future siRNA delivery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Kanasty
- 1] Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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92
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Shah S, Solanki A, Sasmal PK, Lee KB. Single vehicular delivery of siRNA and small molecules to control stem cell differentiation. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:15682-15685. [PMID: 24106916 DOI: 10.1021/ja4071738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Achieving a controlled and reproducible means to direct stem cell differentiation is the single most critical concern scientists have been trying to address since the discovery of stem cells. In this regard, the use of small molecules and RNA interference offers unique advantages by targeting different cellular mechanisms. Our cyclodextrin-modified dendritic polyamine construct (termed DexAM) combines the unique properties of two distinct chemical moieties in a single delivery vehicle. DexAM is a single vehicle that not only solubilizes hydrophobic small molecules in physiological solutions but also forms complexes with siRNA molecules, making it an attractive delivery system for controlling stem cell differentiation. Herein, we report the synthesis and application of DexAM to simultaneously deliver hydrophobic small molecules and siRNA into neural stem cells to significantly enhance their neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Shah
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Aniruddh Solanki
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Pijus K Sasmal
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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93
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Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are naturally occurring cyclic oligosaccharides. They consist of (α-1,4)-linked glucose units, and possess a basket-shaped topology with an "inner-outer" amphiphilic character. Over the years, substantial efforts have been undertaken to investigate the possible use of CDs in drug delivery and controlled drug release, yet the potential of CDs in gene delivery has received comparatively less discussion in the literature. In this article, we will first discuss the properties of CDs for gene delivery, followed by a synopsis of the use of CDs in development and modification of non-viral gene carriers. Finally, areas that are noteworthy in CD-based gene delivery will be highlighted for future research. Due to the application prospects of CDs, it is anticipated that CDs will continue to emerge as an important tool for vector development, and will play significant roles in facilitating non-viral gene delivery in the forthcoming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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94
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Parhiz H, Shier WT, Ramezani M. From rationally designed polymeric and peptidic systems to sophisticated gene delivery nano-vectors. Int J Pharm 2013; 457:237-59. [PMID: 24060371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lack of safe, efficient and controllable methods for delivering therapeutic genes appears to be the most important factor preventing human gene therapy. Safety issues encountered with viral vectors have prompted substantial attention to in vivo investigations with non-viral vectors throughout the past decade. However, developing non-viral vectors with effectiveness comparable to viral ones has been a challenge. The strategy of designing multifunctional synthetic carriers targeting several extracellular and intracellular barriers in the gene transfer pathway has emerged as a promising approach to improving the efficacy of gene delivery systems. This review will explain how sophisticated synthetic vectors can be created by combining conventional polycationic vectors such as polyethylenimine and basic amino acid peptides with additional polymers and peptides that are designed to overcome potential barriers to the gene delivery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Parhiz
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 91775-1365, Mashhad, Iran
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95
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Dollendorf C, Hetzer M, Ritter H. Polymeric redox-responsive delivery systems bearing ammonium salts cross-linked via disulfides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1652-1662. [PMID: 24062825 PMCID: PMC3778402 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A redox-responsive polycationic system was synthesized via copolymerization of N,N-diethylacrylamide (DEAAm) and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). N,N'-bis(4-chlorobutanoyl)cystamine was used as disulfide-containing cross-linker to form networks by the quaternization of tertiary amine groups. The insoluble cationic hydrogels become soluble by reduction of disulfide to mercaptanes by use of dithiothreitol (DTT), tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) or cysteamine, respectively. The soluble polymeric system can be cross-linked again by using oxygen or hydrogen peroxide under basic conditions. The redox-responsive polymer networks can be used for molecular inclusion and controlled release. As an example, phenolphthalein, methylene blue and reactive orange 16 were included into the network. After treatment with DTT a release of the dye could be recognized. Physical properties of the cross-linked materials, e.g., glass transition temperature (T g), swelling behavior and cloud points (T c) were investigated. Redox-responsive behavior was further analyzed by rheological measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Dollendorf
- Lehrstuhl für Präparative Polymerchemie, Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, Geb. 26.33.00, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Hetzer
- Lehrstuhl für Präparative Polymerchemie, Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, Geb. 26.33.00, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut Ritter
- Lehrstuhl für Präparative Polymerchemie, Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, Geb. 26.33.00, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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96
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Martínez Á, Bienvenu C, Jiménez Blanco JL, Vierling P, Mellet CO, García Fernández JM, Di Giorgio C. Amphiphilic Oligoethyleneimine−β-Cyclodextrin “Click” Clusters for Enhanced DNA Delivery. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8143-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400993y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Martínez
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1,
E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Céline Bienvenu
- Institut de Chimie Nice, UMR
7272, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, 28, Avenue de Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - José L. Jiménez Blanco
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1,
E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pierre Vierling
- Institut de Chimie Nice, UMR
7272, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, 28, Avenue de Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1,
E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M. García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas
(IIQ), CSIC−Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Sevilla,
Spain
| | - Christophe Di Giorgio
- Institut de Chimie Nice, UMR
7272, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, 28, Avenue de Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
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97
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Raemdonck K, Martens TF, Braeckmans K, Demeester J, De Smedt SC. Polysaccharide-based nucleic acid nanoformulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1123-47. [PMID: 23680381 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic application of nucleic acids requires their encapsulation in nanosized carriers that enable safe and efficient intracellular delivery. Before the desired site of action is reached, drug-loaded nanoparticles (nanomedicines) encounter numerous extra- and intracellular barriers. Judicious nanocarrier design is highly needed to stimulate nucleic acid delivery across these barriers and maximize the therapeutic benefit. Natural polysaccharides are widely used for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications due to their inherent biocompatibility. At present, there is a growing interest in applying these biopolymers for the development of nanomedicines. This review highlights various polysaccharides and their derivatives, currently employed in the design of nucleic acid nanocarriers. In particular, recent progress made in polysaccharide-assisted nucleic acid delivery is summarized and the specific benefits that polysaccharides might offer to improve the delivery process are critically discussed.
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98
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Zhang J, Ma PX. Cyclodextrin-based supramolecular systems for drug delivery: recent progress and future perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1215-33. [PMID: 23673149 PMCID: PMC3885994 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The excellent biocompatibility and unique inclusion capability as well as powerful functionalization capacity of cyclodextrins and their derivatives make them especially attractive for engineering novel functional materials for biomedical applications. There has been increasing interest recently to fabricate supramolecular systems for drug and gene delivery based on cyclodextrin materials. This review focuses on state of the art and recent advances in the construction of cyclodextrin-based assemblies and their applications for controlled drug delivery. First, we introduce cyclodextrin materials utilized for self-assembly. The fabrication technologies of supramolecular systems including nanoplatforms and hydrogels as well as their applications in nanomedicine and pharmaceutical sciences are then highlighted. At the end, the future directions of this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peter X Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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99
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Li JM, Wang YY, Zhang W, Su H, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Low-weight polyethylenimine cross-linked 2-hydroxypopyl-β-cyclodextrin and folic acid as an efficient and nontoxic siRNA carrier for gene silencing and tumor inhibition by VEGF siRNA. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2101-17. [PMID: 23766646 PMCID: PMC3678862 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s42440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been regarded as one of the most important technologies for the development of siRNA therapeutics. However, the need for safe and efficient delivery systems is a barrier to further development of RNA interference therapeutics. In this work, a nontoxic and efficient siRNA carrier delivery system of low molecular weight polyethyleneimine (PEI-600 Da) cross-linked with 2-hydroxypopyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and folic acid (FA) was synthesized for biomedical application. Methods The siRNA carrier was prepared using a simple method and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The siRNA carrier nanoparticles were characterized in terms of morphology, size and zeta potential, stability, efficiency of delivery, and gene silencing efficiency in vitro and in vivo. Results The siRNA carrier was synthesized successfully. It showed good siRNA binding capacity and ability to protect siRNA. Further, the toxicity of the carrier measured in vitro and in vivo appeared to be negligible, probably because of degradation of the low molecular weight PEI and HP-β-CD in the cytosol. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy confirmed that the FA receptor-mediated endocytosis of the FA-HP-β-CD-PEI/siRNA complexes was greater than that of the HP-β-CD-PEI/siRNA complexes in FA receptor-enriched HeLa cells. The FA-HP-β-CD-PEI/siRNA complexes also demonstrated excellent gene silencing efficiency in vitro (in the range of 90%), and reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression in the presence of 20% serum. FA-HP-β-CD-PEI/siRNA complexes administered via tail vein injection resulted in marked inhibition of tumor growth and reduced VEGF protein expression in the tumors. Conclusion Our results suggest that the FA-HP-β-CD-PEI complex is a nontoxic and highly efficient gene carrier with the potential to deliver siRNA for cancer gene therapy effectively in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ming Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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100
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Lee J, Twomey M, Machado C, Gomez G, Doshi M, Gesquiere AJ, Moon JH. Caveolae-mediated endocytosis of conjugated polymer nanoparticles. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:913-20. [PMID: 23629923 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the cellular entry pathways of synthetic biomaterials is highly important to improve overall labeling and delivery efficiency. Herein, cellular entry mechanisms of conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) are presented. CPNs are intrinsic fluorescent materials used for various biological applications. While CPNs cause no toxicity, decreased CPN uptake is observed from cancer cells pretreated with genistein, which is an inhibitor of caveolae-mediated endocytosis (CvME). CvME is further confirmed by high co-localization with caveolin-1 proteins found in the caveolae and caveosomes. Excellent photophysical properties, non-toxicity, and non-destructive delivery pathways support that CPNs are promising multifunctional carriers minimizing degradation of contents during delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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