51
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Liu S, Dicker KT, Jia X. Modular and orthogonal synthesis of hybrid polymers and networks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5218-37. [PMID: 25572255 PMCID: PMC4359094 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09568e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials scientists strive to develop polymeric materials with distinct chemical make-up, complex molecular architectures, robust mechanical properties and defined biological functions by drawing inspirations from biological systems. Salient features of biological designs include (1) repetitive presentation of basic motifs; and (2) efficient integration of diverse building blocks. Thus, an appealing approach to biomaterials synthesis is to combine synthetic and natural building blocks in a modular fashion employing novel chemical methods. Over the past decade, orthogonal chemistries have become powerful enabling tools for the modular synthesis of advanced biomaterials. These reactions require building blocks with complementary functionalities, occur under mild conditions in the presence of biological molecules and living cells and proceed with high yield and exceptional selectivity. These chemistries have facilitated the construction of complex polymers and networks in a step-growth fashion, allowing facile modulation of materials properties by simple variations of the building blocks. In this review, we first summarize features of several types of orthogonal chemistries. We then discuss recent progress in the synthesis of step growth linear polymers, dendrimers and networks that find application in drug delivery, 3D cell culture and tissue engineering. Overall, orthogonal reactions and modulular synthesis have not only minimized the steps needed for the desired chemical transformations but also maximized the diversity and functionality of the final products. The modular nature of the design, combined with the potential synergistic effect of the hybrid system, will likely result in novel hydrogel matrices with robust structures and defined functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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52
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Lin CC, Ki CS, Shih H. Thiol-norbornene photo-click hydrogels for tissue engineering applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2015; 132:41563. [PMID: 25558088 PMCID: PMC4280501 DOI: 10.1002/app.41563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thiol-norbornene (thiol-ene) photo-click hydrogels have emerged as a diverse material system for tissue engineering applications. These hydrogels are cross-linked through light mediated orthogonal reactions between multi-functional norbornene-modified macromers (e.g., poly(ethylene glycol), hyaluronic acid, gelatin) and sulfhydryl-containing linkers (e.g., dithiothreitol, PEG-dithiol, bis-cysteine peptides) using low concentration of photoinitiator. The gelation of thiol-norbornene hydrogels can be initiated by long-wave UV light or visible light without additional co-initiator or co-monomer. The cross-linking and degradation behaviors of thiol-norbornene hydrogels are controlled through material selections, whereas the biophysical and biochemical properties of the gels are easily and independently tuned owing to the orthogonal reactivity between norbornene and thiol moieties. Uniquely, the cross-linking of step-growth thiol-norbornene hydrogels is not oxygen-inhibited, therefore the gelation is much faster and highly cytocompatible compared with chain-growth polymerized hydrogels using similar gelation conditions. These hydrogels have been prepared as tunable substrates for 2D cell culture, as microgels or bulk gels for affinity-based or protease-sensitive drug delivery, and as scaffolds for 3D cell culture. Reports from different laboratories have demonstrated the broad utility of thiol-norbornene hydrogels in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, including valvular and vascular tissue engineering, liver and pancreas-related tissue engineering, neural regeneration, musculoskeletal (bone and cartilage) tissue regeneration, stem cell culture and differentiation, as well as cancer cell biology. This article provides an up-to-date overview on thiol-norbornene hydrogel cross-linking and degradation mechanisms, tunable material properties, as well as the use of thiol-norbornene hydrogels in drug delivery and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN. 46202, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. 47907, USA
| | - Chang Seok Ki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN. 46202, USA
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul. 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Han Shih
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN. 46202, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. 47907, USA
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53
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Lin CC. Recent advances in crosslinking chemistry of biomimetic poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. RSC Adv 2015; 5:39844-398583. [PMID: 26029357 PMCID: PMC4445761 DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05734e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The design and application of biomimetic hydrogels have become an important and integral part of modern tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Many of these hydrogels are prepared from synthetic macromers (e.g., poly(ethylene glycol) or PEG) as they provide high degrees of tunability for matrix crosslinking, degradation, and modification. For a hydrogel to be considered biomimetic, it has to recapitulate key features that are found in the native extracellular matrix, such as the appropriate matrix mechanics and permeability, the ability to sequester and deliver drugs, proteins, and or nucleic acids, as well as the ability to provide receptor-mediated cell-matrix interactions and protease-mediated matrix cleavage. A variety of chemistries have been employed to impart these biomimetic features into hydrogel crosslinking. These chemistries, such as radical-mediated polymerizations, enzyme-mediated crosslinking, bio-orthogonal click reactions, and supramolecular assembly, may be different in their crosslinking mechanisms but are required to be efficient for gel crosslinking and ligand bioconjugation under aqueous reaction conditions. The prepared biomimetic hydrogels should display a diverse array of functionalities and should also be cytocompatible for in vitro cell culture and/or in situ cell encapsulation. The focus of this article is to review recent progress in the crosslinking chemistries of biomimetic hydrogels with a special emphasis on hydrogels crosslinked from poly(ethylene glycol)-based macromers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN. 46202, USA
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54
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Fan Z, Zhang Y, Ji J, Li X. Hybrid polypeptide hydrogels produced via native chemical ligation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16490c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The NCL crosslinked hybrid hydrogels composed of poly(γ-glutamic acid) and ε-poly-lysine have good biocompatibility and tunable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210018
- China
| | - Yemin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210018
- China
| | - Jinkai Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210018
- China
| | - Xinsong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210018
- China
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55
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Lowe SB, Tan VTG, Soeriyadi AH, Davis TP, Gooding JJ. Synthesis and High-Throughput Processing of Polymeric Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culture. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1581-601. [DOI: 10.1021/bc500310v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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56
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Hydrogels in a historical perspective: From simple networks to smart materials. J Control Release 2014; 190:254-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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57
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Contri RV, Soares RMD, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS. Structural analysis of chitosan hydrogels containing polymeric nanocapsules. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:234-42. [PMID: 25063115 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of different concentrations of polymeric nanocapsule suspensions into chitosan hydrogels is proposed, in order to study the structure of a formulation with the properties of great tissue adhesion and controlled release of the nanoencapsulated drugs, represented here by capsaicinoids. The gels presented acceptable acid pH values and the nanoparticles were visually observed in the system. A transition from the micrometer to the nanometer scales suggested that the nanocapsules are initially agglomerated in the hydrogel. A sedimentation tendency of the nanocapsules in the system was observed and only physical interaction between the chitosan chains and polymeric nanocapsules was verified. The hydrogels, despite the presence of nanocapsules, presented shear-thinning properties and an elastic behavior under low and high frequencies, showing a very structured gel network. The observed variation in the elasticity of the hydrogels may arise from a decrease in the number of interactions and degree of entanglement between the chitosan chains, caused by the presence of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata V Contri
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Rosane M D Soares
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Adriana R Pohlmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Silvia S Guterres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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58
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Khan S, Sur S, Dankers PYW, da Silva RMP, Boekhoven J, Poor TA, Stupp SI. Post-assembly functionalization of supramolecular nanostructures with bioactive peptides and fluorescent proteins by native chemical ligation. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:707-17. [PMID: 24670265 PMCID: PMC3993887 DOI: 10.1021/bc400507v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Post-assembly
functionalization of supramolecular nanostructures
has the potential to expand the range of their applications. We report
here the use of the chemoselective native chemical ligation (NCL)
reaction to functionalize self-assembled peptide amphiphile (PA) nanofibers.
This strategy can be used to incorporate specific bioactivity on the
nanofibers, and as a model, we demonstrate functionalization with
the RGDS peptide following self-assembly. Incorporation of bioactivity
is verified by the observation of characteristic changes in fibroblast
morphology following NCL-mediated attachment of the signal to PA nanofibers.
The NCL reaction does not alter the PA nanofiber morphology, and biotinylated
RGDS peptide was found to be accessible on the nanofiber surface after
ligation for binding with streptavidin-conjugated gold nanoparticles.
In order to show that this strategy is not limited to short peptides,
we utilized NCL to conjugate yellow fluorescent protein and/or cyan
fluorescent protein to self-assembled PA nanofibers. Förster
resonance energy transfer and fluorescence anisotropy measurements
are consistent with the immobilization of the protein on the PA nanofibers.
The change in electrophoretic mobility of the protein upon conjugation
with PA molecules confirmed the formation of a covalent linkage. NCL-mediated
attachment of bioactive peptides and proteins to self-assembled PA
nanofibers allows the independent control of self-assembly and bioactivity
while retaining the biodegradable peptide structure of the PA molecule
and thus can be useful in tailoring design of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saahir Khan
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University 303 East Superior Avenue, Rm. 11-123, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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59
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Boere KWM, Soliman BG, Rijkers DTS, Hennink WE, Vermonden T. Thermoresponsive Injectable Hydrogels Cross-Linked by Native Chemical Ligation. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristel W. M. Boere
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bram G. Soliman
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk T. S. Rijkers
- Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS),
Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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60
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García AJ. PEG-maleimide hydrogels for protein and cell delivery in regenerative medicine. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 42:312-22. [PMID: 23881112 PMCID: PMC3875614 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein- and cell-based therapies represent highly promising strategies for regenerative medicine, immunotherapy, and oncology. However, these therapies are significantly limited by delivery considerations, particularly in terms of protein stability and dosing kinetics as well as cell survival, engraftment, and function. Hydrogels represent versatile and robust delivery vehicles for proteins and cells due to their high water content that retains protein biological activity, high cytocompatibility and minimal adverse host reactions, flexibility and tunability in terms of chemistry, structure, and polymerization format, ability to incorporate various biomolecules to convey biofunctionality, and opportunity for minimally invasive delivery as injectable carriers. This review highlights recent progress in the engineering of poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels cross-linked using maleimide reactive groups for protein and cell delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA,
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61
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Ramakers BEI, van Hest JCM, Löwik DWPM. Molecular tools for the construction of peptide-based materials. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2743-56. [PMID: 24448606 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60362h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteins and peptides are fundamental components of living systems where they play crucial roles at both functional and structural level. The versatile biological properties of these molecules make them interesting building blocks for the construction of bio-active and biocompatible materials. A variety of molecular tools can be used to fashion the peptides necessary for the assembly of these materials. In this tutorial review we shall describe five of the main techniques, namely solid phase peptide synthesis, native chemical ligation, Staudinger ligation, NCA polymerisation, and genetic engineering, that have been used to great effect for the construction of a host of peptide-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E I Ramakers
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Bio-Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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62
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Rasale DB, Maity I, Das AK. In situ generation of redox active peptides driven by selenoester mediated native chemical ligation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:11397-400. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03835e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Redox active peptides synthesized via selenoester mediated native chemical ligation with a propensity to self-assemble in aqueous medium. A gel–sol transition of self-assembled peptide in a reducing environment makes it a versatile candidate for the development of functional biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Indrajit Maity
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore 452017, India
| | - Apurba K. Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore 452017, India
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63
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Tang W, Becker ML. “Click” reactions: a versatile toolbox for the synthesis of peptide-conjugates. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:7013-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00139g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peptides that comprise the functional subunits of proteins have been conjugated to versatile materials (biomolecules, polymers, surfaces and nanoparticles) in an effort to modulate cell responses, specific binding affinity and/or self-assembly behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tang
- Department of Polymer Science
- The University of Akron
- Akron, USA
| | - Matthew L. Becker
- Department of Polymer Science
- The University of Akron
- Akron, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Akron
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64
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Ghobril C, Charoen K, Rodriguez EK, Nazarian A, Grinstaff MW. A dendritic thioester hydrogel based on thiol-thioester exchange as a dissolvable sealant system for wound closure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:14070-4. [PMID: 24282150 PMCID: PMC4000691 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A dissolvable dendritic thioester hydrogel based on thiol-thioester exchange for wound closure is reported. The hydrogel sealant adheres strongly to tissues, closes an ex vivo vein puncture, and withstands high pressures placed on a wound. The hydrogel sealant can be completely washed off upon exposure to thiolates based on thiol-thioester exchange and allow gradual wound re-exposure during definitive surgical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Ghobril
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth avenue, Boston, MA
| | - Kristie Charoen
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth avenue, Boston, MA
| | | | - Ara Nazarian
- Beth Israël Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth avenue, Boston, MA
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65
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Ghobril C, Charoen K, Rodriguez EK, Nazarian A, Grinstaff MW. A Dendritic Thioester Hydrogel Based on Thiol-Thioester Exchange as a Dissolvable Sealant System for Wound Closure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201308007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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66
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Jung JP, Sprangers AJ, Byce JR, Su J, Squirrell JM, Messersmith PB, Eliceiri KW, Ogle BM. ECM-incorporated hydrogels cross-linked via native chemical ligation to engineer stem cell microenvironments. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3102-11. [PMID: 23875943 PMCID: PMC3880157 DOI: 10.1021/bm400728e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Limiting the precise study of the biochemical impact of whole molecule extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins on stem cell differentiation is the lack of 3D in vitro models that can accommodate many different types of ECM. Here we sought to generate such a system while maintaining consistent mechanical properties and supporting stem cell survival. To this end, we used native chemical ligation to cross-link poly(ethylene glycol) macromonomers under mild conditions while entrapping ECM proteins (termed ECM composites) and stem cells. Sufficiently low concentrations of ECM were used to maintain constant storage moduli and pore size. Viability of stem cells in composites was maintained over multiple weeks. ECM of composites encompassed stem cells and directed the formation of distinct structures dependent on ECM type. Thus, we introduce a powerful approach to study the biochemical impact of multiple ECM proteins (either alone or in combination) on stem cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangwook P. Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Anthony J. Sprangers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - John R. Byce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Institute for Bionanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Jayne M. Squirrell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Phillip B. Messersmith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Institute for Bionanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Brenda M. Ogle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Material Sciences Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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67
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Genipin-cross-linked poly(L-lysine)-based hydrogels: synthesis, characterization, and drug encapsulation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 111:423-31. [PMID: 23872465 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Genipin-cross-linked hydrogels composed of biodegradable and pH-sensitive cationic poly(L-lysine) (PLL), poly(L-lysine)-block-poly(L-alanine) (PLL-b-PLAla), and poly(L-lysine)-block-polyglycine (PLL-b-PGly) polypeptides were synthesized, characterized, and used as carriers for drug delivery. These polypeptide hydrogels can respond to pH-stimulus and their gelling and mechanical properties, degradation rate, and drug release behavior can be tuned by varying polypeptide composition and cross-linking degree. Comparing with natural polymers, the synthetic polypeptides with well-defined chain length and composition can warrant the preparation of the hydrogels with tunable properties to meet the criteria for specific biomedical applications. These hydrogels composed of natural building blocks exhibited good cell compatibility and enzyme degradability and can support cell attachment/proliferation. The evaluation of these hydrogels for in vitro drug release revealed that the controlled release profile was a biphasic pattern with a mild burst release and a moderate release rate thereafter, suggesting the drug molecules were encapsulated inside the gel matrix. With the versatility of polymer chemistry and conjugation of functional moieties, it is expected these hydrogels can be useful for biomedical applications such as polymer therapeutics and tissue engineering.
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68
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Wang Z, Niu G, Chen X. Polymeric materials for theranostic applications. Pharm Res 2013; 31:1358-76. [PMID: 23765400 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has continuously contributed to the fast development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Theranostic nanomedicine has encompassed the ongoing efforts on concurrent molecular imaging of biomarkers, delivery of therapeutic agents, and monitoring of therapy response. Among these formulations, polymer-based theranostic agents hold great promise for the construction of multifunctional agents for translational medicine. In this article, we reviewed the state-of-the-art polymeric nanoparticles, from preparation to application, as potential theranostic agents for diagnosis and therapy. We summarized several major polymer formulas, including polymeric conjugate complexes, nanospheres, micelles, and dendrimers for integrated molecular imaging and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 31, 1C22, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
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69
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Strehin I, Gourevitch D, Zhang Y, Heber-Katz E, Messersmith PB. Hydrogels Formed by Oxo-ester Mediated Native Chemical Ligation. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:603-613. [PMID: 23894696 PMCID: PMC3719992 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm00201b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxo-ester mediated native chemical ligation (OMNCL) is a variation of the more general native chemical ligation (NCL) reaction that is widely employed for chemoselective ligation of peptide fragments. While OMNCL has been used for a variety of peptide ligations and for biomolecular modification of surfaces, it is typically practiced under harsh conditions that are unsuitable for use in a biological context. In this report we describe the use of OMNCL for polymer hydrogel formation, in-vitro cell encapsulation, and in-vivo implantation. Multivalent polymer precursors containing N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) activated oxo-esters and N-cysteine (N-Cys) endgroups were chemically synthesized from branched poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Hydrogels formed rapidly at physiologic pH upon mixing of aqueous solutions of NHS and N-Cys functionalized PEGs. Quantitative 1H NMR experiments showed that the reaction proceeds through an OMNCL pathway involving thiol capture to form a thioester intermediate, followed by an S-to-N acyl rearrangement to yield an amide cross-link. pH and temperature were found to influence gelation rate, allowing tailoring of gelation times from a few seconds to a few minutes. OMNCL hydrogels initially swelled before contracting to reach an equilibrium increase in relative wet weight of 0%. This unique behavior impacted the gel stiffness and was attributed to latent formation of disulfide cross-links between network-bound Cys residues. OMNCL hydrogels were adhesive to hydrated tissue, generating a lap shear adhesion strength of 46 kPa. Cells encapsulated in OMNCL hydrogels maintained high viability, and in-situ formation of OMNCL hydrogel by subcutaneous injection in mice generated a minimal acute inflammatory response. OMNCL represents a promising strategy for chemical cross-linking of hydrogels in a biological context and is an attractive candidate for in-vivo applications such as wound healing, tissue repair, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iossif Strehin
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, Biomedical Engineering Department, Materials Science and Engineering Department, Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Institute for Bionanotechnology in Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Dmitri Gourevitch
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program
| | - Yong Zhang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program
| | - Ellen Heber-Katz
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program
| | - Phillip B. Messersmith
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, Biomedical Engineering Department, Materials Science and Engineering Department, Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Institute for Bionanotechnology in Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center
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70
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Oh DX, Hwang DS. A biomimetic chitosan composite with improved mechanical properties in wet conditions. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:505-12. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop X. Oh
- POSTECH Ocean Science and Technology Institute; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 790-784 South Korea
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- POSTECH Ocean Science and Technology Institute; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 790-784 South Korea
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 790-784 South Korea
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71
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Nguyen PK, Snyder CG, Shields JD, Smith AW, Elbert DL. Clickable Poly(ethylene glycol)-Microsphere-Based Cell Scaffolds. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013; 214:948-956. [PMID: 24052690 DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Clickable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives are used with two sequential aqueous two-phase systems to produce microsphere-based scaffolds for cell encapsulation. In the first step, sodium sulfate causes phase separation of the clickable PEG precursors and is followed by rapid geleation to form microspheres in the absence of organic solvent or surfactant. The microspheres are washed and then deswollen in dextran solutions in the presence of cells, producing tightly packed scaffolds that can be easily handled while also maintaining porosity. Endothelial cells included during microsphere scaffold formation show high viability. The clickable PEG-microsphere-based cell scaffolds open up new avenues for manipulating scaffold architecture as compared with simple bulk hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Campus Box 1907, One Brookings Dr., Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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72
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Drira Z, Yadavalli VK. Nanomechanical measurements of polyethylene glycol hydrogels using atomic force microscopy. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 18:20-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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73
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Zhang L, Zheng S, Kang DE, Shin JY, Suh H, Kim I. Synthesis of multi-amine functionalized hydrogel for preparation of noble metal nanoparticles: utilization as highly active and recyclable catalysts in reduction of nitroaromatics. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra22864a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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74
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Hemantha HP, Narendra N, Sureshbabu VV. Total chemical synthesis of polypeptides and proteins: chemistry of ligation techniques and beyond. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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75
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Sokic S, Papavasiliou G. FGF-1 and proteolytically mediated cleavage site presentation influence three-dimensional fibroblast invasion in biomimetic PEGDA hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2213-22. [PMID: 22426138 PMCID: PMC3348386 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Controlled scaffold degradation is a critical design criterion for the clinical success of tissue-engineered constructs. Here, we exploited a biomimetic poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel system immobilized with tethered YRGDS as the cell adhesion ligand and with either single (SSite) or multiple (MSite) collagenase-sensitive domains between crosslinks, to systematically study the effect of proteolytic cleavage site presentation on hydrogel degradation rate and three-dimensional (3-D) fibroblast invasion in vitro. Through the incorporation of multiple collagenase-sensitive domains between cross-links, hydrogel degradation rate was controlled and enhanced independent of alterations in compressive modulus. As compared to SSite hydrogels, MSite hydrogels resulted in increased 3-D fibroblast invasion in vitro, which occurred over a wider range of compressive moduli. Furthermore, encapsulated soluble acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1), a potent mitogen during processes such as vascularization and wound healing, was incorporated into SSite and MSite PEGDA scaffolds to determine its in vitro potential on fibroblast cell invasion. Hydrogels containing soluble FGF-1 significantly enhanced 3-D fibroblast invasion in a dose-dependent manner within the different types of PEG matrices investigated over a period of 15 days. The methodology presented provides flexibility in designing PEG scaffolds with desired mechanical properties, but with increased susceptibility to proteolytically mediated degradation. These results indicate that effective tuning of initial matrix stiffness and hydrogel degradation kinetics plays a critical role in effectively designing PEG scaffolds that promote controlled 3-D cellular behavior and in situ tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Sokic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Georgia Papavasiliou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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76
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Chawla K, Yu TB, Stutts L, Yen M, Guan Z. Modulation of chondrocyte behavior through tailoring functional synthetic saccharide-peptide hydrogels. Biomaterials 2012; 33:6052-60. [PMID: 22672831 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring three-dimensional (3D) biomaterial environments to provide specific cues in order to modulate function of encapsulated cells could potentially eliminate the need for addition of exogenous cues in cartilage tissue engineering. We recently developed saccharide-peptide copolymer hydrogels for cell culture and tissue engineering applications. In this study, we aim to tailor our saccharide-peptide hydrogel for encapsulating and culturing chondrocytes in 3D and examine the effects of changing single amino acid moieties differing in hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity (valine (V), cysteine (C), tyrosine (Y)) on modulation of chondrocyte function. Encapsulated chondrocytes remained viable over 21 days in vitro. Glycosaminoglycan and collagen content was significantly higher in Y-functionalized hydrogels compared to V-functionalized hydrogels. Extensive matrix accumulation and concomitant increase in mechanical properties was evident over time, particularly with the presence of Y amino acid. After 21 days in vitro, Y-functionalized hydrogels attained a modulus of 193 ± 46 kPa, compared to 44 ± 21 kPa for V-functionalized hydrogels. Remarkably, mechanical and biochemical properties of chondrocyte-laden hydrogels were modulated by change in a single amino acid moiety. This unique property, combined with the versatility and biocompatibility, makes our saccharide-peptide hydrogels promising candidates for further investigation of combinatorial effects of multiple functional groups on controlling chondrocyte and other cellular function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Chawla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92606, USA
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77
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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78
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Phelps EA, Enemchukwu NO, Fiore VF, Sy JC, Murthy N, Sulchek TA, Barker TH, García AJ. Maleimide cross-linked bioactive PEG hydrogel exhibits improved reaction kinetics and cross-linking for cell encapsulation and in situ delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:64-70, 2. [PMID: 22174081 PMCID: PMC3517145 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201103574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Engineered polyethylene glycol-maleimide matrices for regenerative medicine exhibit improved reaction efficiency and wider range of Young’s moduli by utilizing maleimide cross-linking chemistry. This hydrogel chemistry is advantageous for cell delivery due to the mild reaction that occurs rapidly enough for in situ delivery, while easily lending itself to “plug-and-play” design variations such as incorporation of enzyme-cleavable cross-links and cell-adhesion peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A. Phelps
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
| | - Nduka O. Enemchukwu
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
| | - Vincent F. Fiore
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
| | - Jay C. Sy
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
| | - Niren Murthy
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
| | - Todd A. Sulchek
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
| | - Thomas H. Barker
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
| | - Andrés J. García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
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79
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Rossi F, Perale G, Storti G, Masi M. A library of tunable agarose carbomer-based hydrogels for tissue engineering applications: The role of cross-linkers. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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80
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Rossi F, Chatzistavrou X, Perale G, Boccaccini AR. Synthesis and degradation of agar-carbomer based hydrogels for tissue engineering applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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81
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Perale G, Rossi F, Sundstrom E, Bacchiega S, Masi M, Forloni G, Veglianese P. Hydrogels in spinal cord injury repair strategies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2011; 2:336-45. [PMID: 22816020 PMCID: PMC3369745 DOI: 10.1021/cn200030w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays there are at present no efficient therapies for spinal cord injury (SCI), and new approaches have to be proposed. Recently, a new regenerative medicine strategy has been suggested using smart biomaterials able to carry and deliver cells and/or drugs in the damaged spinal cord. Among the wide field of emerging materials, research has been focused on hydrogels, three-dimensional polymeric networks able to swell and absorb a large amount of water. The present paper intends to give an overview of a wide range of natural, synthetic, and composite hydrogels with particular efforts for the ones studied in the last five years. Here, different hydrogel applications are underlined, together with their different nature, in order to have a clearer view of what is happening in one of the most sparkling fields of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Perale
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Erik Sundstrom
- Department of NeuroBiology, Karolinska Institutet, Novum 5, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Bacchiega
- Mi.To. Technology s.r.l., Licensing Department, Viale Vittorio Veneto 2/a, 20124 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Masi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Veglianese
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
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82
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Collier JH, Segura T. Evolving the use of peptides as components of biomaterials. Biomaterials 2011; 32:4198-204. [PMID: 21515167 PMCID: PMC3389831 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript is part of a debate on the statement that "the use of short synthetic adhesion peptides, like RGD, is the best approach in the design of biomaterials that guide cell behavior for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering". We take the position that although there are some acknowledged disadvantages of using short peptide ligands within biomaterials, it is not necessary to discard the notion of using peptides within biomaterials entirely, but rather to reinvent and evolve their use. Peptides possess advantageous chemical definition, access to non-native chemistries, amenability to de novo design, and applicability within parallel approaches. Biomaterials development programs that require such aspects may benefit from a peptide-based strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel H. Collier
- Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Mail Code 5032, Chicago, IL 60637, (773) 834-4161, (773) 834-4546 (fax)
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Assistant Professor, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5531 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095, (310) 206 3980
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83
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Oelker AM, Berlin JA, Wathier M, Grinstaff MW. Synthesis and characterization of dendron cross-linked PEG hydrogels as corneal adhesives. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1658-65. [PMID: 21417379 PMCID: PMC3878822 DOI: 10.1021/bm200039s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In pursuit of a wound-specific corneal adhesive, hydrogels formed by the reaction of propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, or 2-oxoethyl succinate-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with a peptide-based dendritic cross-linker (Lys(3)Cys(4)) were characterized. These macromers react within minutes of mixing to form transparent and elastic hydrogels with in vitro degradation times that range from hours to months based on the type of bonds formed during the cross-linking reaction, either thiazolidine or pseudoproline. The mechanical properties of these materials, determined via parallel plate rheology, were dependent on the polymer concentration, as was the hydrogel adhesive strength, which was determined by lap shear adhesive testing. In addition, these hydrogels were efficacious in closing ex vivo 4.1 mm central corneal lacerations: wounds closed with these hydrogel adhesives were able to withstand intraocular pressure values equivalent to, or in excess of, those obtained by closing the wounds with suturing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason A. Berlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michel Wathier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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84
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Chawla K, Yu TB, Liao SW, Guan Z. Biodegradable and biocompatible synthetic saccharide-Peptide hydrogels for three-dimensional stem cell culture. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:560-7. [PMID: 21302962 PMCID: PMC3056929 DOI: 10.1021/bm100980w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Saccharide-peptide hydrogels have been developed in our laboratory as new synthetic extracellular matrices for regenerative medicine applications. In this work, we have expanded on our previously reported system and applied copolymerization of cysteine (Cys) and vinyl sulfone (VS)-functionalized saccharide-peptide polymers via Michael-type addition for encapsulation and 3D culture of cells. Specifically, our aims were to (1) develop a novel hydrogel platform, which could be applied for encapsulating and culturing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a 3D environment, (2) characterize the tunable properties of the hydrogel, specifically, degradation, mechanical, and gel network properties, and (3) determine the biocompatibility of the saccharide-peptide hydrogel material with MSCs. Hydrogel mechanical properties were tunable by varying the VS:Cys ratio (= 0.5, 1, or 2) as well as the pH (6, 7, or 8) of the cross-linking components. Stiffer gels were formed at VS:Cys = 1 and pH 6 or 7. Gels formed at pH 8 or with excess Cys (VS:Cys = 0.5) or VS (VS:Cys = 2) were significantly softer. Cross-linking pH and VS:Cys ratio also had an effect on the degradation behavior of the VS:Cys gels, with higher cross-linking pH resulting in an accelerated loss of mass. On the basis of environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) analysis and fluorescence microscopy, all hydrogels appeared to exhibit porous gel networks. MSCs cultured in monolayer and exposed to soluble Cys or VS copolymers (0.1-5 mg/mL) did not exhibit measurable cytotoxicity. In addition, MSCs were cultured in 3D for up to 14 days in vitro without deleterious effects on cell viability. In summary, we have established and characterized a tunable 3D saccharide-peptide hybrid copolymer hydrogel platform for culturing MSCs. Future studies will focus on utilizing the hydrogel system for controlling the differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Chawla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Ting-Bin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Sophia W. Liao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, 3120 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2715
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2025
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, 3120 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2715
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85
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Santoro M, Marchetti P, Rossi F, Perale G, Castiglione F, Mele A, Masi M. Smart Approach To Evaluate Drug Diffusivity in Injectable Agar−Carbomer Hydrogels for Drug Delivery. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:2503-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1111394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Santoro
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - P. Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - F. Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - G. Perale
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - F. Castiglione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Mele
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - M. Masi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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86
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Hall KK, Gattás-Asfura KM, Stabler CL. Microencapsulation of islets within alginate/poly(ethylene glycol) gels cross-linked via Staudinger ligation. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:614-24. [PMID: 20654745 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized alginate and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymers were used to generate covalently linked alginate-PEG (XAlgPEG) microbeads of high stability. The cell-compatible Staudinger ligation scheme was used to cross-link phosphine-terminated PEG chemoselectively to azide-functionalized alginate, resulting in XAlgPEG hydrogels. XAlgPEG microbeads were formed by co-incubation of the two polymers, followed by ionic cross-linking of the alginate using barium ions. The enhanced stability and gel properties of the resulting XAlgPEG microbeads, as well as the compatibility of these polymers for the encapsulation of islets and beta cells lines, were investigated. The data show that XAlgPEG microbeads exhibit superior resistance to osmotic swelling compared with traditional barium cross-linked alginate (Ba-Alg) beads, with a five-fold reduction in observed swelling, as well as resistance to dissolution via chelation solution. Diffusion and porosity studies found XAlgPEG beads to exhibit properties comparable with standard Ba-Alg. XAlgPEG microbeads were found to be highly cell compatible with insulinoma cell lines, as well as rat and human pancreatic islets, where the viability and functional assessment of cells within XAlgPEG are comparable with Ba-Alg controls. The remarkable improved stability, as well as demonstrated cellular compatibility, of XAlgPEG hydrogels makes them an appealing option for a wide variety of tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Hall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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87
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Byun E, Kim J, Kang SM, Lee H, Bang D, Lee H. Surface PEGylation via Native Chemical Ligation. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 22:4-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bc100285p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyoung Byun
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST Institute for BioCentury and NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Shinchon 134, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jangbae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST Institute for BioCentury and NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Shinchon 134, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Sung Min Kang
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST Institute for BioCentury and NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Shinchon 134, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST Institute for BioCentury and NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Shinchon 134, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Duhee Bang
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST Institute for BioCentury and NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Shinchon 134, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Haeshin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST Institute for BioCentury and NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Shinchon 134, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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88
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Mosiewicz KA, Johnsson K, Lutolf MP. Phosphopantetheinyl transferase-catalyzed formation of bioactive hydrogels for tissue engineering. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5972-4. [PMID: 20373804 DOI: 10.1021/ja9098164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic bioactive hydrogels have been widely recognized as key elements of emerging strategies to engineer tissues. However, the current shortage of highly specific and biocompatible methods to form and functionalize these materials hampers their wide pharmaceutical and medical use. In particular, enzymatic reactions are underexplored for the synthesis of bioactive hydrogels. Here, we present an approach by which phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase), a small (16.2 kDa) enzyme that plays a key role in the biosynthesis of many natural products, was employed to catalyze covalent cross-linking of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels. Gels were formed within minutes under physiological conditions by mixing two aqueous precursors containing multiarm PEG macromers end-functionalized with the PPTase substrate Coenzyme A (CoA) and a genetically engineered dimer of a carrier protein. The physicochemical properties of this new class of biomaterials were characterized. Bioactive hydrogels were produced by covalent incorporation of a CoA-functionalized cell adhesion peptide (RGDS), resulting in specific adhesion of primary fibroblasts on the hydrogel surfaces. 3D encapsulation of cells resulted in high cell viability (ca. 95%) and single cell migration over long distances within RGDS-modified gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Mosiewicz
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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89
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Trivedi P, Tray N, Nguyen T, Nigam N, Gallicano GI. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease: Helping People Sooner or Later. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:1109-20. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Premal Trivedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Nancy Tray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Neha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - G. Ian Gallicano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
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90
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Zhu J. Bioactive modification of poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels for tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2010; 31:4639-56. [PMID: 20303169 PMCID: PMC2907908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 835] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we explore different approaches for introducing bioactivity into poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels. Hydrogels are excellent scaffolding materials for repairing and regenerating a variety of tissues because they can provide a highly swollen three-dimensional (3D) environment similar to soft tissues. Synthetic hydrogels like PEG-based hydrogels have advantages over natural hydrogels, such as the ability for photopolymerization, adjustable mechanical properties, and easy control of scaffold architecture and chemical compositions. However, PEG hydrogels alone cannot provide an ideal environment to support cell adhesion and tissue formation due to their bio-inert nature. The natural extracellular matrix (ECM) has been an attractive model for the design and fabrication of bioactive scaffolds for tissue engineering. ECM-mimetic modification of PEG hydrogels has emerged as an important strategy to modulate specific cellular responses. To tether ECM-derived bioactive molecules (BMs) to PEG hydrogels, various strategies have been developed for the incorporation of key ECM biofunctions, such as specific cell adhesion, proteolytic degradation, and signal molecule-binding. A number of cell types have been immobilized on bioactive PEG hydrogels to provide fundamental knowledge of cell/scaffold interactions. This review addresses the recent progress in material designs and fabrication approaches leading to the development of bioactive hydrogels as tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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91
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Kang J, Macmillan D. Peptide and protein thioester synthesis via N-->S acyl transfer. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:1993-2002. [PMID: 20401371 DOI: 10.1039/b925075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Peptide and protein thioesters are playing an increasingly prominent role in the chemical toolbox for protein assembly and modification through Native Chemical Ligation (NCL). In this Emerging Area we highlight recent developments in a somewhat surprising route to thioesters: selective disruption of amides, the more stable carboxylic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskiranjit Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, UK WC1H 0AJ
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92
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Su J, Hu BH, Lowe WL, Kaufman DB, Messersmith PB. Anti-inflammatory peptide-functionalized hydrogels for insulin-secreting cell encapsulation. Biomaterials 2009; 31:308-14. [PMID: 19782393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet encapsulation within semi-permeable materials has been proposed for transplantation therapy of type I diabetes mellitus. Polymer hydrogel networks used for this purpose have been shown to provide protection from islet destruction by immunoreactive cells and antibodies. However, one of the fundamental deficiencies with current encapsulation methods is that the permselective barriers cannot protect islets from cytotoxic molecules of low molecular weight that are diffusible into the capsule material, which subsequently results in beta-cell destruction. Use of materials that can locally inhibit the interaction between the permeable small cytotoxic factors and islet cells may prolong the viability and function of encapsulated islet grafts. Here we report the design of anti-inflammatory hydrogels supporting islet cell survival in the presence of diffusible pro-inflammatory cytokines. We demonstrated that a poly(ethylene glycol)-containing hydrogel network, formed by native chemical ligation and presenting an inhibitory peptide for islet cell surface IL-1 receptor, was able to maintain the viability of encapsulated islet cells in the presence of a combination of cytokines including IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and INF-gamma. In stark contrast, cells encapsulated in unmodified hydrogels were mostly destroyed by cytokines which diffused into the capsules. At the same time, these peptide-modified hydrogels were able to efficiently protect encapsulated cells against beta-cell specific T-lymphocytes and maintain glucose-stimulated insulin release by islet cells. With further development, the approach of encapsulating cells and tissues within hydrogels presenting anti-inflammatory agents may represent a new strategy to improve cell and tissue graft function in transplantation and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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