1
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Grant RA, Poor TA, Sichizya L, Diaz E, Bailey JI, Soni S, Senkow KJ, Pérez-Leonor XG, Abdala-Valencia H, Lu Z, Donnelly HK, Simons LM, Ozer EA, Tighe RM, Lomasney JW, Wunderink RG, Singer BD, Misharin AV, Budinger GRS. Prolonged exposure to lung-derived cytokines is associated with activation of microglia in patients with COVID-19. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e178859. [PMID: 38502186 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.178859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDSurvivors of pneumonia, including SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, are at increased risk for cognitive dysfunction and dementia. In rodent models, cognitive dysfunction following pneumonia has been linked to the systemic release of lung-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines. Microglia are poised to respond to inflammatory signals from the circulation, and their dysfunction has been linked to cognitive impairment in murine models of dementia and in humans.METHODSWe measured levels of 55 cytokines and chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma from 341 patients with respiratory failure and 13 healthy controls, including 93 unvaccinated patients with COVID-19 and 203 patients with other causes of pneumonia. We used flow cytometry to sort neuroimmune cells from postmortem brain tissue from 5 patients who died from COVID-19 and 3 patients who died from other causes for single-cell RNA-sequencing.RESULTSMicroglia from patients with COVID-19 exhibited a transcriptomic signature suggestive of their activation by circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Peak levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were similar in patients with pneumonia irrespective of etiology, but cumulative cytokine exposure was higher in patients with COVID-19. Treatment with corticosteroids reduced expression of COVID-19-specific cytokines.CONCLUSIONProlonged lung inflammation results in sustained elevations in circulating cytokines in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia compared with those with pneumonia secondary to other pathogens. Microglia from patients with COVID-19 exhibit transcriptional responses to inflammatory cytokines. These findings support data from rodent models causally linking systemic inflammation with cognitive dysfunction in pneumonia and support further investigation into the role of microglia in pneumonia-related cognitive dysfunction.FUNDINGSCRIPT U19AI135964, UL1TR001422, P01AG049665, P01HL154998, R01HL149883, R01LM013337, R01HL153122, R01HL147290, R01HL147575, R01HL158139, R01ES034350, R01ES027574, I01CX001777, U01TR003528, R21AG075423, T32AG020506, F31AG071225, T32HL076139.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogan A Grant
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Taylor A Poor
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Lango Sichizya
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Estefani Diaz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Joseph I Bailey
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Sahil Soni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Karolina J Senkow
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; and
| | | | | | - Ziyan Lu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Helen K Donnelly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Lacy M Simons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Robert J. Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Egon A Ozer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Robert J. Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert M Tighe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Richard G Wunderink
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Benjamin D Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - G R Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; and
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2
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Grant RA, Poor TA, Sichizya L, Diaz E, Bailey JI, Soni S, Senkow KJ, Pérez-Leonor XG, Abdala-Valencia H, Lu Z, Donnelly HK, Tighe RM, Lomasney JW, Wunderink RG, Singer BD, Misharin AV, Budinger GS. Prolonged exposure to lung-derived cytokines is associated with inflammatory activation of microglia in patients with COVID-19. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.28.550765. [PMID: 37546860 PMCID: PMC10402123 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.28.550765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurological impairment is the most common finding in patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Furthermore, survivors of pneumonia from any cause have an elevated risk of dementia1-4. Dysfunction in microglia, the primary immune cell in the brain, has been linked to cognitive impairment in murine models of dementia and in humans5. Here, we report a transcriptional response in human microglia collected from patients who died following COVID-19 suggestive of their activation by TNF-α and other circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Consistent with these findings, the levels of 55 alveolar and plasma cytokines were elevated in a cohort of 341 patients with respiratory failure, including 93 unvaccinated patients with COVID-19 and 203 patients with other causes of pneumonia. While peak levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were similar in patients with pneumonia irrespective of etiology, cumulative cytokine exposure was higher in patients with COVID-19. Corticosteroid treatment, which has been shown to be beneficial in patients with COVID-196, was associated with lower levels of CXCL10, CCL8, and CCL2-molecules that sustain inflammatory circuits between alveolar macrophages harboring SARS-CoV-2 and activated T cells7. These findings suggest that corticosteroids may break this cycle and decrease systemic exposure to lung-derived cytokines and inflammatory activation of microglia in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogan A Grant
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Taylor A Poor
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lango Sichizya
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Estefani Diaz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph I Bailey
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sahil Soni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karolina J Senkow
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xochítl G Pérez-Leonor
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ziyan Lu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Helen K Donnelly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert M Tighe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jon W Lomasney
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard G Wunderink
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin D Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander V Misharin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gr Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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3
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Poor TA, Morales-Nebreda L. Alveolar Macrophages during Inflammation: A Balancing Act. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:608-609. [PMID: 37022093 PMCID: PMC10257065 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0098ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Poor
- Department of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois
| | - Luisa Morales-Nebreda
- Department of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois
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4
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Poor TA, Chandel NS. SnapShot: Mitochondrial signaling. Mol Cell 2023; 83:1012-1012.e1. [PMID: 36931250 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as signaling organelles with roles beyond their well-established function in generating ATP and metabolites for macromolecule synthesis. Healthy mitochondria integrate various physiologic inputs and communicate signals that control cell function or fate as well as adaptation to stress. Dysregulation of these mitochondrial signaling networks are linked to pathology. Here we outline a few modes of signaling between the mitochondrion and the cytoplasm. To view this SnapShot, open or download the PDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Poor
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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5
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Poor TA, Chandel NS. Mitochondrial molecule controls inflammation. Nature 2023; 615:401-402. [PMID: 36890308 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
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6
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Billingham LK, Stoolman JS, Vasan K, Rodriguez AE, Poor TA, Szibor M, Jacobs HT, Reczek CR, Rashidi A, Zhang P, Miska J, Chandel NS. Mitochondrial electron transport chain is necessary for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:692-704. [PMID: 35484407 PMCID: PMC9098388 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is linked to sterile and pathogen-dependent inflammation, and its dysregulation underlies many chronic diseases. Mitochondria have been implicated as regulators of the NLRP3 inflammasome through several mechanisms including generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we report that mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex I, II, III and V inhibitors all prevent NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Ectopic expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NADH dehydrogenase (NDI1) or Ciona intestinalis alternative oxidase, which can complement the functional loss of mitochondrial complex I or III, respectively, without generation of ROS, rescued NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the absence of endogenous mitochondrial complex I or complex III function. Metabolomics revealed phosphocreatine (PCr), which can sustain ATP levels, as a common metabolite that is diminished by mitochondrial ETC inhibitors. PCr depletion decreased ATP levels and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Thus, the mitochondrial ETC sustains NLRP3 inflammasome activation through PCr-dependent generation of ATP, but via a ROS-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah K Billingham
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joshua S Stoolman
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karthik Vasan
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arianne E Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Taylor A Poor
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marten Szibor
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Howard T Jacobs
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colleen R Reczek
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aida Rashidi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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7
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Yoshida M, Worlock KB, Huang N, Lindeboom RGH, Butler CR, Kumasaka N, Dominguez Conde C, Mamanova L, Bolt L, Richardson L, Polanski K, Madissoon E, Barnes JL, Allen-Hyttinen J, Kilich E, Jones BC, de Wilton A, Wilbrey-Clark A, Sungnak W, Pett JP, Weller J, Prigmore E, Yung H, Mehta P, Saleh A, Saigal A, Chu V, Cohen JM, Cane C, Iordanidou A, Shibuya S, Reuschl AK, Herczeg IT, Argento AC, Wunderink RG, Smith SB, Poor TA, Gao CA, Dematte JE, Reynolds G, Haniffa M, Bowyer GS, Coates M, Clatworthy MR, Calero-Nieto FJ, Göttgens B, O'Callaghan C, Sebire NJ, Jolly C, De Coppi P, Smith CM, Misharin AV, Janes SM, Teichmann SA, Nikolić MZ, Meyer KB. Local and systemic responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adults. Nature 2022; 602:321-327. [PMID: 34937051 PMCID: PMC8828466 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
It is not fully understood why COVID-19 is typically milder in children1-3. Here, to examine the differences between children and adults in their response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we analysed paediatric and adult patients with COVID-19 as well as healthy control individuals (total n = 93) using single-cell multi-omic profiling of matched nasal, tracheal, bronchial and blood samples. In the airways of healthy paediatric individuals, we observed cells that were already in an interferon-activated state, which after SARS-CoV-2 infection was further induced especially in airway immune cells. We postulate that higher paediatric innate interferon responses restrict viral replication and disease progression. The systemic response in children was characterized by increases in naive lymphocytes and a depletion of natural killer cells, whereas, in adults, cytotoxic T cells and interferon-stimulated subpopulations were significantly increased. We provide evidence that dendritic cells initiate interferon signalling in early infection, and identify epithelial cell states associated with COVID-19 and age. Our matching nasal and blood data show a strong interferon response in the airways with the induction of systemic interferon-stimulated populations, which were substantially reduced in paediatric patients. Together, we provide several mechanisms that explain the milder clinical syndrome observed in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yoshida
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaylee B Worlock
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ni Huang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Colin R Butler
- NIHR Great Ormond Street BRC and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Liam Bolt
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Elo Madissoon
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Josephine L Barnes
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Eliz Kilich
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Brendan C Jones
- NIHR Great Ormond Street BRC and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Angus de Wilton
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Henry Yung
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Puja Mehta
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Aarash Saleh
- Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anita Saigal
- Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Vivian Chu
- Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jonathan M Cohen
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Clare Cane
- Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Soichi Shibuya
- NIHR Great Ormond Street BRC and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ann-Kathrin Reuschl
- UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Iván T Herczeg
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Christine Argento
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard G Wunderink
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean B Smith
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Taylor A Poor
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catherine A Gao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jane E Dematte
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary Reynolds
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Matthew Coates
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome, MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- NIHR Great Ormond Street BRC and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- NIHR Great Ormond Street BRC and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Clare Jolly
- UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- NIHR Great Ormond Street BRC and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Claire M Smith
- NIHR Great Ormond Street BRC and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alexander V Misharin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sam M Janes
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marko Z Nikolić
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Gao CA, Mylvaganam R, Poor TA, Walter JM. Recommended Reading from the Northwestern University Fellows. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:473-475. [PMID: 34192505 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202009-3722rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Gao
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 12244, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Ruben Mylvaganam
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 12244, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Taylor A Poor
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 12244, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - James M Walter
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States;
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Bickel KG, Mann BJ, Waitzman JS, Poor TA, Rice SE, Wadsworth P. Src family kinase phosphorylation of the motor domain of the human kinesin-5, Eg5. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2017. [PMID: 28646493 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spindle formation in mammalian cells requires precise spatial and temporal regulation of the kinesin-5, Eg5, which generates outward force to establish spindle bipolarity. Our results demonstrate that Eg5 is phosphorylated in cultured cells by Src family kinases (SFKs) at three sites in the motor head: Y125, Y211, and Y231. Mutation of these sites diminishes motor activity in vitro, and replacement of endogenous Eg5 with phosphomimetic Y211 in LLC-Pk1 cells results in monopolar spindles, consistent with loss of Eg5 activity. Cells treated with SFK inhibitors show defects in spindle formation, similar to those in cells expressing the nonphosphorylatable Y211 mutant, and distinct from inhibition of other mitotic kinases. We propose that this phosphoregulatory mechanism tunes Eg5 enzymatic activity for optimal spindle morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen G Bickel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Barbara J Mann
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003
| | - Joshua S Waitzman
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Taylor A Poor
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Sarah E Rice
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Patricia Wadsworth
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003
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Khan S, Sur S, Dankers PYW, da Silva RMP, Boekhoven J, Poor TA, Stupp SI. Post-assembly functionalization of supramolecular nanostructures with bioactive peptides and fluorescent proteins by native chemical ligation. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:707-17. [PMID: 24670265 PMCID: PMC3993887 DOI: 10.1021/bc400507v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Post-assembly
functionalization of supramolecular nanostructures
has the potential to expand the range of their applications. We report
here the use of the chemoselective native chemical ligation (NCL)
reaction to functionalize self-assembled peptide amphiphile (PA) nanofibers.
This strategy can be used to incorporate specific bioactivity on the
nanofibers, and as a model, we demonstrate functionalization with
the RGDS peptide following self-assembly. Incorporation of bioactivity
is verified by the observation of characteristic changes in fibroblast
morphology following NCL-mediated attachment of the signal to PA nanofibers.
The NCL reaction does not alter the PA nanofiber morphology, and biotinylated
RGDS peptide was found to be accessible on the nanofiber surface after
ligation for binding with streptavidin-conjugated gold nanoparticles.
In order to show that this strategy is not limited to short peptides,
we utilized NCL to conjugate yellow fluorescent protein and/or cyan
fluorescent protein to self-assembled PA nanofibers. Förster
resonance energy transfer and fluorescence anisotropy measurements
are consistent with the immobilization of the protein on the PA nanofibers.
The change in electrophoretic mobility of the protein upon conjugation
with PA molecules confirmed the formation of a covalent linkage. NCL-mediated
attachment of bioactive peptides and proteins to self-assembled PA
nanofibers allows the independent control of self-assembly and bioactivity
while retaining the biodegradable peptide structure of the PA molecule
and thus can be useful in tailoring design of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saahir Khan
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University 303 East Superior Avenue, Rm. 11-123, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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11
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Gifford KM, Waitzman JS, Poor TA, Mann B, Gonzalez MC, Wadsworth P, Rice SE. SRC Phosphorylation Regulates the Human Kinesin-5, Eg5, and Disrupts the Binding of Eg5 Inhibitors. Biophys J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.4274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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