51
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Yuan Y, Liu Y, Liu K, Hua J. Structurally controllable anisotropic polymer brushes and their application in antifouling nanocoatings. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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52
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Dutta S, Shreyash N, Satapathy BK, Saha S. Advances in design of polymer brush functionalized inorganic nanomaterials and their applications in biomedical arena. WIRES NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 15:e1861. [PMID: 36284373 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Grafting of polymer brush (assembly of polymer chains tethered to the substrate by one end) is emerging as one of the most viable approach to alter the surface of inorganic nanomaterials. Inorganic nanomaterials despite their intrinsic functional superiority, their applications remain restricted due to their incompatibility with organic or biological moieties vis-à-vis agglomeration issues. To overcome such a shortcoming, polymer brush modified surfaces of inorganic nanomaterials have lately proved to be of immense potential. For example, polymer brush-modified inorganic nanomaterials can act as efficient substrates/platforms in biomedical applications, ranging from drug-delivery to protein-array due to their integrated advantages such as amphiphilicity, stimuli responsiveness, enhanced biocompatibility, and so on. In this review, the current state of the art related to polymer brush-modified inorganic nanomaterials focusing, not only, on their synthetic strategies and applications in biomedical field but also the architectural influence of polymer brushes on the responsiveness properties of modified nanomaterials have comprehensively been discussed and its associated future perspective is also presented. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadip Dutta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Delhi India
| | - Nehil Shreyash
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology Jais Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Bhabani Kumar Satapathy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Delhi India
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Delhi India
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53
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Molecular Dynamics and Structure of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Chains Grafted from Barium Titanate Nanoparticles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196372. [PMID: 36234912 PMCID: PMC9571223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Core−shell nanocomposites comprising barium titanate, BaTiO3 (BTO), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chains grafted from its surface with varied grafting densities were prepared. BTO nanocrystals are high-k inorganic materials, and the obtained nanocomposites exhibit enhanced dielectric permittivity, as compared to neat PMMA, and a relatively low level of loss tangent in a wide range of frequencies. The impact of the molecular dynamics, structure, and interactions of the BTO surface on the polymer chains was investigated. The nanocomposites were characterized by broadband dielectric and vibrational spectroscopies (IR and Raman), transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The presence of ceramic nanoparticles in core–shell composites slowed down the segmental dynamic of PMMA chains, increased glass transition temperature, and concurrently increased the thermal stability of the organic part. It was also evidenced that, in addition to segmental dynamics, local β relaxation was affected. The grafting density influenced the self-organization and interactions within the PMMA phase, affecting the organization on a smaller size scale of polymeric chains. This was explained by the interaction of the exposed surface of nanoparticles with polymer chains.
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Ahmad A, Georgiou PG, Pancaro A, Hasan M, Nelissen I, Gibson MI. Polymer-tethered glycosylated gold nanoparticles recruit sialylated glycoproteins into their protein corona, leading to off-target lectin binding. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13261-13273. [PMID: 36053227 PMCID: PMC9494357 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01818g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Upon exposure to biological fluids, the fouling of nanomaterial surfaces results in non-specific capture of proteins, which is particularly important when in contact with blood for in vivo and ex vivo applications. It is crucial to evaluate not just the protein components but also the glycans attached to those proteins. Polymer-tethered glycosylated gold nanoparticles have shown promise for use in biosensing/diagnostics, but the impact of the glycoprotein corona has not been established. Here we investigate how polymer-tethered glycosylated gold nanoparticles interact with serum proteins and demonstrate that the protein corona introduces new glycans and hence off-specific targeting capability. Using a panel of RAFT-derived polymers grafted to the gold surface, we show that the extent of corona formation is not dependent on the type of polymer. In lectin-binding assays, a glycan (galactose) installed on the chain-end of the polymer was available for binding even after protein corona formation. However, using sialic-acid binding lectins, it was found that there was significant off-target binding due to the large density of sialic acids introduced in the corona, confirmed by western blotting. To demonstrate the importance, we show that the nanoparticles can bind Siglec-2, an immune-relevant lectin post-corona formation. Pre-coating with (non-glycosylated) bovine serum albumin led to a significant reduction in the total glycoprotein corona. However, sufficient sialic acids were still present in the residual corona to lead to off-target binding. These results demonstrate the importance of the glycans when considering the protein corona and how 'retention of the desired function' does not rule out 'installation of undesired function' when considering the performance of glyco-nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| | - Panagiotis G Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Alessia Pancaro
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol, BE-2400, Belgium
- Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre and Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan C, Diepenbeek, BE-3590, Belgium
| | - Muhammad Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Inge Nelissen
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol, BE-2400, Belgium
- Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre and Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan C, Diepenbeek, BE-3590, Belgium
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
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55
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Kojima C, Suzuki Y, Ikemoto Y, Tanaka M, Matsumoto A. Comparative study of PEG and PEGylated dendrimers in their eutectic mixtures with water analyzed using X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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56
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Ma H, Xia S, Li N, Wang T, Zheng W, Yu T, Shu Q, Han Y. Emulsifying stability and viscosity reduction for heavy crude oil in surfactant-polymer composite system. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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57
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Degirmenci A, Yeter Bas G, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. “Clickable” Polymer Brush Interfaces: Tailoring Monovalent to Multivalent Ligand Display for Protein Immobilization and Sensing. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1672-1684. [PMID: 36128725 PMCID: PMC9501913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Facile and effective functionalization of the interface
of polymer-coated
surfaces allows one to dictate the interaction of the underlying material
with the chemical and biological analytes in its environment. Herein,
we outline a modular approach that would enable installing a variety
of “clickable” handles onto the surface of polymer brushes,
enabling facile conjugation of various ligands to obtain functional
interfaces. To this end, hydrophilic anti-biofouling poly(ethylene
glycol)-based polymer brushes are fabricated on glass-like silicon
oxide surfaces using reversible addition–fragmentation chain
transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The dithioester group at the chain-end
of the polymer brushes enabled the installation of azide, maleimide,
and terminal alkene functional groups, using a post-polymerization
radical exchange reaction with appropriately functionalized azo-containing
molecules. Thus, modified polymer brushes underwent facile conjugation
of alkyne or thiol-containing dyes and ligands using alkyne–azide
cycloaddition, Michael addition, and radical thiol–ene conjugation,
respectively. Moreover, we demonstrate that the radical exchange approach
also enables the installation of multivalent motifs using dendritic
azo-containing molecules. Terminal alkene groups containing dendrons
amenable to functionalization with thiol-containing molecules using
the radical thiol–ene reaction were installed at the interface
and subsequently functionalized with mannose ligands to enable sensing
of the Concanavalin A lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Degirmenci
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Gizem Yeter Bas
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
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58
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Gong H, Ji Q, Cheng Y, Xiong J, Zhang M, Zhang Z. Controllable synthesis and structural design of novel all-organic polymers toward high energy storage dielectrics. Front Chem 2022; 10:979926. [PMID: 36059883 PMCID: PMC9428677 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.979926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the core unit of energy storage equipment, high voltage pulse capacitor plays an indispensable role in the field of electric power system and electromagnetic energy related equipment. The mostly utilized polymer materials are metallized polymer thin films, which are represented by biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films, possessing the advantages including low cost, high breakdown strength, excellent processing ability, and self-healing performance. However, the low dielectric constant (εr < 3) of traditional BOPP films makes it impossible to meet the demand for increased high energy density. Controlled/living radical polymerization (CRP) and related techniques have become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of materials and have given rise to great advances in tuning the properties of polymer dielectrics. Although organic-inorganic composite dielectrics have received much attention in previous studies, all-organic polymer dielectrics have been proven to be the most promising choice because of its light weight and easy large-scale continuous processing. In this short review, we begin with some basic theory of polymer dielectrics and some theoretical considerations for the rational design of dielectric polymers with high performance. In the guidance of these theoretical considerations, we review recent progress toward all-organic polymer dielectrics based on two major approaches, one is to control the polymer chain structure, containing microscopic main-chain and side-chain structures, by the method of CRP and the other is macroscopic structure design of all-organic polymer dielectric films. And various chemistry and compositions are discussed within each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Gong
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Jiaotong University Suzhou Academy, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinglong Ji
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yipin Cheng
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Jiaotong University Suzhou Academy, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meirong Zhang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zhicheng Zhang,
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59
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In situ investigation of lysozyme adsorption into polyelectrolyte brushes by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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60
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Chávez M, Fuentes-Rodríguez L, Sánchez-Obrero G, Madueño R, Sevilla JM, Blázquez M, Pineda T. Characterization of self-assembled Bis[2-(2-bromoisobutyryloxy) undecyl] disulphide (DTBU) on gold surfaces suitable for use in surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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61
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Zhao Y, Wang Z, Yu C, Wu H, Olszewski M, Yin R, Zhai Y, Liu T, Coronado A, Matyjaszewski K, Bockstaller MR. Topologically Induced Heterogeneity in Gradient Copolymer Brush Particle Materials. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhao
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chenxi Yu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hanshu Wu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Amy Coronado
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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62
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Flemming P, Fery A, Münch AS, Uhlmann P. Does Chain Confinement Affect Thermoresponsiveness? A Comparative Study of the LCST and Induced UCST Transition of Tailored Grafting-to Polyelectrolyte Brushes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Flemming
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander S. Münch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Petra Uhlmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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63
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Wang C, Zhao H. Polymer brush-based nanostructures: from surface self-assembly to surface co-assembly. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5138-5152. [PMID: 35781482 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00458e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface structures play an important role in the practical applications of materials. The synthesis of polymer brushes on a solid surface has emerged as an effective tool for tuning surface properties. The fabrication of polymer brush-based surface nanostructures has greatly facilitated the development of materials with unique surface properties. In this review article, synthetic methods used in the synthesis of polymer brushes, and self-assembly approaches applied in the fabrication of surface nanostructures including self-assembly of polymer brushes, co-assembly of polymer brushes and "free" block copolymer chains, and polymerization induced surface self-assembly, are reviewed. It is demonstrated that polymer brush-based surface nanostructures, including spherical surface micelles, wormlike surface structures, layered structures and surface vesicles, can be fabricated. Meanwhile, the challenges in the synthesis and applications of the surface nanostructures are discussed. This review is expected to be helpful for understanding the principles, methods and applications of polymer brush-based surface nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education. Nankai University, Weijing Road #94, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Hanying Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education. Nankai University, Weijing Road #94, Tianjin 300071, China.
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64
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Açarı İK, Sel E, Özcan İ, Ateş B, Köytepe S, Thakur VK. Chemistry and engineering of brush type polymers: Perspective towards tissue engineering. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 305:102694. [PMID: 35597039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In tissue engineering, it is imperative to control the behaviour of cells/stem cells, such as adhesion, proliferation, propagation, motility, and differentiation for tissue regeneration. Surfaces that allow cells to behave in this way are critical as support materials in tissue engineering. Among these surfaces, brush-type polymers have an important potential for tissue engineering and biomedical applications. Brush structure and length, end groups, bonding densities, hydrophilicity, surface energy, structural flexibility, thermal stability, surface chemical reactivity, rheological and tribological properties, electron and energy transfer ability, cell binding and absorption abilities for various biological molecules of brush-type polymers were increased its importance in tissue engineering applications. In addition, thanks to these functional properties and adjustable surface properties, brush type polymers are used in different high-tech applications such as electronics, sensors, anti-fouling, catalysis, purification and energy etc. This review comprehensively highlights the use of brush-type polymers in tissue engineering applications. Considering the superior properties of brush-type polymer structures, it is believed that in the future, it will be an effective tool in structure designs containing many different biomolecules (enzymes, proteins, etc.) in the field of tissue engineering.
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65
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Liu Y, Li R, Xu R, Liu Y, Wu Y, Ma S, Ma Z, Pei X, Zhou F. Repeatedly Regenerating Mechanically Robust Polymer Brushes from Persistent Initiator Coating (PIC). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204410. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Renjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Rongnian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yubo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
- Qingdao Centre of Resource Chemistry and New Materials Shandong Qingdao 266100 China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
- Qingdao Centre of Resource Chemistry and New Materials Shandong Qingdao 266100 China
- Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing Yantai 264006 China
| | - Shuanhong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Zhengfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
- Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing Yantai 264006 China
| | - Xiaowei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
- Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing Yantai 264006 China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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66
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Liu S, Yan J, Zhang Q, Yan Y. Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET) as Powerful Tool for Functional Polymers with Versatile Architectures. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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67
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Ehtiati K, Moghaddam SZ, Klok HA, Daugaard AE, Thormann E. Specific Counterion Effects on the Swelling Behavior of Strong Polyelectrolyte Brushes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koosha Ehtiati
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Saeed Z. Moghaddam
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire des Polyméres, Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders E. Daugaard
- Danish Polymer Center, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Esben Thormann
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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68
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Poisson J, Hudson ZM. Luminescent Surface‐Tethered Polymer Brush Materials. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200552. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jade Poisson
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Zachary M. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
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69
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Grześ G, Wolski K, Uchacz T, Bała J, Louis B, Scheblykin IG, Zapotoczny S. Ladder-like Polymer Brushes Containing Conjugated Poly(Propylenedioxythiophene) Chains. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115886. [PMID: 35682563 PMCID: PMC9180196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The high stability and conductivity of 3,4-disubstituted polythiophenes such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) make them attractive candidates for commercial applications. However, next-generation nanoelectronic devices require novel macromolecular strategies for the precise synthesis of advanced polymer structures as well as their arrangement. In this report, we present a synthetic route to make ladder-like polymer brushes with poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT)-conjugated chains. The brushes were prepared via a self-templating surface-initiated technique (ST-SIP) that combines the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of bifunctional ProDOT-based monomers and subsequent oxidative polymerization of the pendant ProDOT groups in the parent brushes. The brushes prepared in this way were characterized by grazing-angle FTIR, XPS spectroscopy, and AFM. Steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements were used to extract the information about the structure and effective conjugation length of PProDOT-based chains. Stability tests performed in ambient conditions and under exposure to standardized solar light revealed the remarkable stability of the obtained materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Grześ
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (G.G.); (T.U.); (J.B.)
| | - Karol Wolski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (G.G.); (T.U.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: (K.W.); (S.Z.)
| | - Tomasz Uchacz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (G.G.); (T.U.); (J.B.)
| | - Justyna Bała
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (G.G.); (T.U.); (J.B.)
| | - Boris Louis
- Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (B.L.); (I.G.S.)
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivan G. Scheblykin
- Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (B.L.); (I.G.S.)
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (G.G.); (T.U.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: (K.W.); (S.Z.)
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70
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Diehl F, Hageneder S, Fossati S, Auer SK, Dostalek J, Jonas U. Plasmonic nanomaterials with responsive polymer hydrogels for sensing and actuation. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3926-3963. [PMID: 35471654 PMCID: PMC9126188 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01083b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanomaterials have become an integral part of numerous technologies, where they provide important functionalities spanning from extraction and harvesting of light in thin film optical devices to probing of molecular species and their interactions on biochip surfaces. More recently, we witness increasing research efforts devoted to a new class of plasmonic nanomaterials that allow for on-demand tuning of their properties by combining metallic nanostructures and responsive hydrogels. This review addresses this recently emerged vibrant field, which holds potential to expand the spectrum of possible applications and deliver functions that cannot be achieved by separate research in each of the respective fields. It aims at providing an overview of key principles, design rules, and current implementations of both responsive hydrogels and metallic nanostructures. We discuss important aspects that capitalize on the combination of responsive polymer networks with plasmonic nanostructures to perform rapid mechanical actuation and actively controlled nanoscale confinement of light associated with resonant amplification of its intensity. The latest advances towards the implementation of such responsive plasmonic nanomaterials are presented, particularly covering the field of plasmonic biosensing that utilizes refractometric measurements as well as plasmon-enhanced optical spectroscopy readout, optically driven miniature soft actuators, and light-fueled micromachines operating in an environment resembling biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Diehl
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf Reichwein-Straße 2, 57074 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Simone Hageneder
- Biosensor Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Stefan Fossati
- Biosensor Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Simone K Auer
- Biosensor Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
- CEST Competence Center for Electrochemical Surface Technologies, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Jakub Dostalek
- Biosensor Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
- FZU-Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, Prague 182 21, Czech Republic
| | - Ulrich Jonas
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf Reichwein-Straße 2, 57074 Siegen, Germany.
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71
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Yin X, Wu D, Yang H, Wang J, Huang R, Zheng T, Sun Q, Chen T, Wang L, Zhang T. Seawater-Boosting Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for Functional Polymer Brush Engineering. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:693-698. [PMID: 35570805 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Iron-mediated surface-initiated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (Fe0 SI-RDRP) is an appealing approach to produce robust polymer surfaces with low toxicity and biocompatibility, while its application has been limited so far due to the poor activity of iron-based catalysts. Herein, we show that the iron(0)-mediated surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (Fe0 SI-ATRP) could be significantly enhanced by simply using seawater as reaction media. In comparison, there was no polymer brush formation in deionized water. This method could convert a range of monomers to well-defined polymer brushes with unparalleled speed (up to 31.5 nm min-1) and a minor amount of monomer consumption (μL). Moreover, the resultant polymer brush shows chain-end fidelity which could be exemplified by repetitive Fe0 SI-ATRP to obtain tetrablock brushes. Finally, we show the preparation of polymer-brush-gated ion-selective membranes by Fe0 SI-ATRP for osmotic energy conversion, which gives excellent power densities of 5.93 W m-2, outperforming the most reported as well as commercialized benchmark (5 W m-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Runhao Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Tianyue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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72
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Ihara D, Higaki Y, Yamada NL, Nemoto F, Matsuda Y, Kojio K, Takahara A. Cononsolvency of Poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine] in Ethanol-Water Mixtures: A Neutron Reflectivity Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5081-5088. [PMID: 34498869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying the cononsolvency, a re-entrant coil-to-globule-to-coil conformational transition of polymer chains in mixtures of two good solvents, of poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine] (PMPC) in ethanol-water binary mixtures were complementarily investigated. This was accomplished by following a statistical mechanical model for competitive hydrogen bonding combined with the cooperative solvation concept as well as neutron reflectivity (NR) experiments employing contrast variation in the cononsolvents. The experimental re-entrant aggregation of the PMPC chains in ethanol-water mixed solvents, obtained on the basis of turbidity was accurately reproduced by theoretical calculations. The calculation proved the relatively strong cooperativity of ethanol and the preferential interaction of water, while the total coverage of solvents was the lowest at an ethanol volume fraction (fethanol) of 0.90. At this level, the cononsolvency was the most significant, and the collapsed PMPC chains were solvated with more water than the bulk mixed solvent. The ethanol-water cononsolvency for the PMPC brushes on a planar silicon wafer was investigated by NR experiments, and the solvent composition involved in the collapsed PMPC brush was addressed according to the contrast variation study with mixed solvents of water, deuterium oxide, ethanol-d5, and ethanol-d6. The collapsed PMPC brushes at fethanol = 0.90 contained more water than the bulk solvent. The preferential distribution of water in the collapsed PMPC brush was consistent with the simulation results. Therefore, the molecular mechanism for the cononsolvency of PMPC in ethanol-water mixed solvents based on competitive hydrogen bonding coupled with cooperative solvation was experimentally rationalized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Higaki
- Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | | | | | - Yasuhiro Matsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Ken Kojio
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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73
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Liu Y, Li R, Xu R, Liu Y, Wu Y, Ma S, Ma Z, Pei X, Zhou F. Repeatedly Regenerating Mechanically Robust Polymer Brushes from Persistent Initiator Coating (PIC). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Renjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Rongnian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yubo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
- Qingdao Centre of Resource Chemistry and New Materials Shandong Qingdao 266100 China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
- Qingdao Centre of Resource Chemistry and New Materials Shandong Qingdao 266100 China
- Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing Yantai 264006 China
| | - Shuanhong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Zhengfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
- Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing Yantai 264006 China
| | - Xiaowei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
- Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing Yantai 264006 China
- Centre of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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74
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Zheng SY, Ni Y, Zhou J, Gu Y, Wang Y, Yuan J, Wang X, Zhang D, Liu S, Yang J. Photo-switchable supramolecular comb-like polymer brush based on host-guest recognition for use as antimicrobial smart surface. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3039-3047. [PMID: 35355043 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00206j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections from biomedical devices pose a great threat to the health of humans and thus place a heavy burden on society. Therefore, developing efficient antibacterial surfaces has attracted much attention. However, it is a challenge to identify or develop a combination that efficiently integrates multiple functions via topological tailoring and on-demand function-switch via non-contact and noninvasive stimuli. To resolve this issue, a highly hydrophilic comb polymer brush was constructed here based on supramolecular host-guest recognition. Azobenzene (azo)-modified antifouling and antibacterial polymers were incorporated into cyclodextrin (CD)-modified antifouling polymer brushes grafted on the surface. The surface thus obtained possessed excellent antifouling performance with a low bacterial density of ∼6.25 × 105 cells per cm2 after 48 h and exhibited a high efficiency of ∼88.2% for killing bacteria. Besides, irradiation with UV light resulted in the desorption of the azo-polymers and a release of ∼85.1% attached bacteria. Irradiating visible light led to the re-adsorption of azo-polymers, which regenerated the fresh surface; the process could be repeated for at least three cycles, and the surface still maintained low bacterial attachments with a cell density of ∼7.10 × 105 cells per cm2, high sterilization efficiency of ∼93.8%, and a bacteria release rate of ∼83.1% in the 3rd cycle. The photo-switchable antibacterial surface presented in this research will provide new insights into the development of smart biomedical surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yu Zheng
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yifeng Ni
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yucong Gu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yiting Wang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Jingfeng Yuan
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, College of Engineering and Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Ohio 44325, USA.
| | - Shanqiu Liu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Jintao Yang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
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75
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Dhingra S, Sharma S, Saha S. Infection Resistant Surface Coatings by Polymer Brushes: Strategies to Construct and Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1364-1390. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaifali Dhingra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shivangi Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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76
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Reese CJ, Qi Y, Abele DT, Shlafstein MD, Dickhudt RJ, Guan X, Wagner MJ, Liu X, Boyes SG. Aromatic Polyamide Brushes for High Young’s Modulus Surfaces by Surface-Initiated Chain-Growth Condensation Polymerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb J. Reese
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Yarong Qi
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Dustin T. Abele
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Maximillian D. Shlafstein
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Rhys J. Dickhudt
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Xun Guan
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Michael J. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Xitong Liu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Stephen G. Boyes
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
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77
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Gutierrez AM, Leniz FC, Wang X, Dziubla TD, Hilt JZ. Effect of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Reaction Time on PCB Binding Capacities of Styrene-CMA/QMA Core-Shell Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. B, SOLID-STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY 2022; 277:115577. [PMID: 35250171 PMCID: PMC8896513 DOI: 10.1016/j.mseb.2021.115577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution continues to be one of the greatest challenges humankind faces worldwide. Increasing population growth, fast industrialization and modernization risk the worsening of water accessibility and quality in the coming years. Nanoadsorbents have steadily gained attention as remediation technologies that can meet stringent water quality demands. In this work, core-shell magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) comprised of an iron oxide magnetic core and a styrene based polymer shell were synthesized via surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), and characterized them for their binding of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as model organic contaminants. Acrylated plant derived polyphenols, curcumin multiacrylate (CMA) and quercetin multiacrylate (QMA), and divinylbenzene (DVB) were incorporated into the polymeric shell to create high affinity binding sites for PCBs. The affinity of these novel materials for PCB 126 was evaluated and fitted to the nonlinear Langmuir model to determine binding affinities (KD). The KD values obtained for all the MNP systems showed higher binding affinities for PCB 126 that carbonaceous materials, like activated carbon and graphene oxide, the most widely used adsorption materials for water remediation today. The effect of increasing ATRP reaction time on the binding affinity of MNPs demonstrated the ability to tune polymer shell thickness by modifying the reaction extent and initial crosslinker concentrations in order to maximize pollutant binding. The enhancement in binding affinity and capacity for PCB 126 was demonstrated by the use of hydrophobic, aromatic rich molecules like styrene, CMA, QMA and DVB, within the polymeric shell provides more sites for π-π interactions to occur between the MNP surface and the PCB molecules. Overall, the high affinities for PCBs, as model organic pollutants, and magnetic capabilities of the core-shell MNPs synthesized provide a strong rationale for their application as nanoadsorbents in the environmental remediation of specific harmful contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Gutierrez
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Francisco C. Leniz
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Xinya Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Thomas D. Dziubla
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - J. Zach Hilt
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
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78
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Nohara T, Arita T, Tabata K, Saito T, Shimada R, Nakazaki H, Suzuki Y, Sato R, Masuhara A. Novel Filler-Filled-Type Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for PEFC Employing Poly(vinylphosphonic acid)- b-polystyrene-Coated Cellulose Nanocrystals as a Filler. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8353-8360. [PMID: 35067039 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-acidity polymer electrolyte membranes are essential to polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) and water electrolysis systems, both of which are expected to be next-generation energy and hydrogen sources. We developed a new type of high-performance polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) in which the core particles are precisely electrolyte polymer coated and filled into binder resin. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which have attracted attention as light, rigid, and sustainable materials, were selected as the core material for the filler. The CNC surface was coated with a new block copolymer containing a proton conductive polymer of poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA) and a hydrophobic polymer of polystyrene (PS) using RAFT polymerization with particles (PwP) we developed. The pelletized fillers and the filler-filled polycarbonate membranes achieved proton conductivities of over 10-2 S/cm with lower activation energies and much weaker acidity than the Nafion membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nohara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Arita
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tabata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Takaaki Saito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Shimada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Haruki Nakazaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yukina Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Akito Masuhara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
- Frontier Center for Organic Materials (FROM), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
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79
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Witzdam L, Meurer YL, Garay-Sarmiento M, Vorobii M, Söder D, Quandt J, Haraszti T, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C. Brush-Like Interface on Surface-Attached Hydrogels Repels Proteins and Bacteria. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200025. [PMID: 35170202 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Interfacing artificial materials with biological tissues remains a challenge. The direct contact of their surface with the biological milieu results in multiscale interactions, in which biomacromolecules adsorb and act as transducers mediating the interactions with cells and tissues. So far, only antifouling polymer brushes have been able to conceal the surface of synthetic materials. However, their complex synthesis has precluded their translation to applications. Here, we show that ultra-thin surface-attached hydrogel coatings of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) and carboxybetaine methacrylamide (CBMAA) provided the same level of protection as brushes. In spite of being readily applicable, these coatings prevented the fouling from whole blood plasma and provided a barrier to the adhesion of Gram positive and negative bacteria. The analysis of the components of the surface free energy and nanoindentation experiments revealed that the excellent antifouling properties stem from the strong surface hydrophilicity and the presence of a brush-like structure at the water interface. Moreover, these coatings could be functionalized to achieve antimicrobial activity while remaining stealth and non-cytotoxic to eukaryotic cells. Such level of performance was previously only achieved with brushes. Thus, we anticipate that this readily applicable strategy is a promising route to enhance the biocompatibility of real biomedical devices. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Witzdam
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen, 52074, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Yannick L Meurer
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen, 52074, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, Aachen, 52074, Germany.,Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79110, Germany
| | - Manuela Garay-Sarmiento
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen, 52074, Germany.,Chair of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Mariia Vorobii
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen, 52074, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Dominik Söder
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen, 52074, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Jonas Quandt
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen, 52074, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Tamás Haraszti
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, Aachen, 52074, Germany
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80
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Mueller M, Bandl C, Kern W. Surface-Immobilized Photoinitiators for Light Induced Polymerization and Coupling Reactions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:608. [PMID: 35160597 PMCID: PMC8839765 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Straightforward and versatile surface modification, functionalization and coating have become a significant topic in material sciences. While physical modification suffers from severe drawbacks, such as insufficient stability, chemical induced grafting processes efficiently modify organic and inorganic materials and surfaces due to covalent linkage. These processes include the "grafting from" method, where polymer chains are directly grown from the surface in terms of a surface-initiated polymerization and the "grafting to" method where a preformed (macro)-molecule is introduced to a preliminary treated surface via a coupling reaction. Both methods require an initiating species that is immobilized at the surface and can be triggered either by heat or light, whereas light induced processes have recently received increasing interest. Therefore, a major challenge is the ongoing search for suitable anchor moieties that provide covalent linkage to the surface and include initiators for surface-initiated polymerization and coupling reactions, respectively. This review containing 205 references provides an overview on photoinitiators which are covalently coupled to different surfaces, and are utilized for subsequent photopolymerizations and photocoupling reactions. An emphasis is placed on the coupling strategies for different surfaces, including oxides, metals, and cellulosic materials, with a focus on surface coupled free radical photoinitiators (type I and type II). Furthermore, the concept of surface initiation mediated by photoiniferters (PIMP) is reviewed. Regarding controlled radical polymerization from surfaces, a large section of the paper reviews surface-tethered co-initiators, ATRP initiators, and RAFT agents. In combination with photoinitiators or photoredox catalysts, these compounds are employed for surface initiated photopolymerizations. Moreover, examples for coupled photoacids and photoacid generators are presented. Another large section of the article reviews photocoupling and photoclick techniques. Here, the focus is set on light sensitive groups, such as organic azides, tetrazoles and diazirines, which have proven useful in biochemistry, composite technology and many other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Mueller
- Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Institute of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Otto-Glöckel-Straße 2, A-8700 Leoben, Austria; (C.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Christine Bandl
- Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Institute of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Otto-Glöckel-Straße 2, A-8700 Leoben, Austria; (C.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Wolfgang Kern
- Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Institute of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Otto-Glöckel-Straße 2, A-8700 Leoben, Austria; (C.B.); (W.K.)
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Rosegger-Strasse 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
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81
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Nonsuwan P, Nishijima N, Sakakibara K, Nakaji-Hirabayashi T, Yoshikawa C. Concentrated polymer brush-modified cellulose nanofibers promote chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by controlling self-assembly. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2444-2453. [PMID: 35045146 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02307a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop new three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems for articular cartilage regeneration, concentrated poly(styrene sulfonate sodium salt) brush-modified cellulose nanofibers were employed as building blocks for the self-assembly of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Unique 3D cellular structures, such as giant spheres and sheets, were formed by controlling hMSC self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnida Nonsuwan
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan.
| | - Nanami Nishijima
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan. .,Faculty of Engineering, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Keita Sakakibara
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nakaji-Hirabayashi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan. .,Faculty of Engineering, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.,Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Chiaki Yoshikawa
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan.
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82
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Masuda T, Takai M. Design of biointerfaces composed of soft materials using controlled radical polymerizations. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1473-1485. [PMID: 35044413 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02508b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soft interface materials have an immense potential for the improvement of biointerfaces, which are the interface of biological and artificially designed materials. Controlling the chemical and physical structures of the interfaces at the nanometer level plays an important role in understanding the mechanism of the functioning and its applications. Controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques, including atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization, have been developed in the field of precision polymer chemistry. It allows the formation of well-defined surfaces such as densely packed polymer brushes and self-assembled nanostructures of block copolymers. More recently, a novel technique to prepare polymers containing biomolecules, called biohybrids, has also been developed, which is a consequence of the advancement of CRP so as to proceed in an aqueous media with oxygen. This review article summarizes recent advances in CRP for the design of biointerfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukuru Masuda
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Madoka Takai
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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83
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Fluorine-containing bio-inert polymers: Roles of intermediate water. Acta Biomater 2022; 138:34-56. [PMID: 34700043 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-containing polymers are used not only in industrial processes but also in medical applications, because they exhibit excellent heat, weather, and chemical resistance. As these polymers are not easily degraded in our body, it is difficult to use them in applications that require antithrombotic properties, such as artificial blood vessels. The material used for medical applications should not only be stable in vivo, but it should also be inert to biomolecules such as proteins or cells. In this review, this property is defined as "bio-inert," and previous studies in this field are summarized. Bio-inert materials are less recognized as foreign substances by proteins or cells in the living body, and they must be covered at interfaces designed with the concept of intermediate water (IW). On the basis of this concept, we present here the current understanding of bio-inertness and unusual blood compatibility found in fluoropolymers used in biomedical applications. IW is the water that interacts with materials with moderate strength and has been quantified by a variety of analytical methods and simulations. For example, by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, IW was defined as water frozen at around -40°C. To consider the role of the IW, quantification methods of the hydration state of polymers are also summarized. These investigations have been conducted independently because of the conflict between hydrophobic fluorine and bio-inert properties that require hydrophilicity. In recent years, not many materials have been developed that incorporate the good points of both aspects, and their properties have seldom been linked to the hydration state. This has been critically performed now. Furthermore, fluorine-containing polymers in medical use are reviewed. Finally, this review also describes the molecular design of the recently reported fluorine-containing bio-inert polymers for controlling their hydration state. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A material covered with a hydration layer known as intermediate water that interacts moderately with other objects is difficult to be recognized as a foreign substance and exhibits bio-inert properties. Fluoropolymers show high durability, but conflict with bio-inert characteristics requiring hydrophilicity as these research studies have been conducted independently. On the other hand, materials that combine the advantages of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic features have been developed recently. Here, we summarize the molecular architecture and analysis methods that control intermediate water and provide a guideline for designing novel fluorine-containing bio-inert materials.
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84
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Wang YM, Kálosi A, Halahovets Y, Romanenko I, Slabý J, Homola J, Svoboda J, de los Santos Pereira A, Pop-Georgievski O. Grafting density and antifouling properties of poly[ N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide] brushes prepared by “grafting to” and “grafting from”. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00478j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(HPMA) brushes prepared by a grafting-from method suppress fouling from blood plasma by an order of magnitude better than the polymer brushes of the same molecular weight prepared by a grafting-to method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Wang
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Kálosi
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Multilayers and Nanostructures, Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Yuriy Halahovets
- Department of Multilayers and Nanostructures, Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iryna Romanenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Slabý
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 1014/57, 18251 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Homola
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 1014/57, 18251 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ognen Pop-Georgievski
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic
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85
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Lishchuk A, Csányi E, Darroch B, Wilson C, Nabok A, Leggett GJ. Active control of strong plasmon-exciton coupling in biomimetic pigment-polymer antenna complexes grown by surface-initiated polymerisation from gold nanostructures. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2405-2417. [PMID: 35310503 PMCID: PMC8864694 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05842h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plexcitonic antenna complexes, inspired by photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes, are formed by attachment of chlorophylls (Chl) to poly(cysteine methacrylate) (PCysMA) scaffolds grown by atom-transfer radical polymerisation from gold nanostructure arrays. In these pigment–polymer antenna complexes, localised surface plasmon resonances on gold nanostructures are strongly coupled to Chl excitons, yielding hybrid light–matter states (plexcitons) that are manifested in splitting of the plasmon band. Modelling of the extinction spectra of these systems using a simple coupled oscillator model indicates that their coupling energies are up to twice as large as those measured for LHCs from plants and bacteria. Coupling energies are correlated with the exciton density in the grafted polymer layer, consistent with the collective nature of strong plasmon–exciton coupling. Steric hindrance in fully-dense PCysMA brushes limits binding of bulky chlorophylls, but the chlorophyll concentration can be increased to ∼2 M, exceeding that in biological light-harvesting complexes, by controlling the grafting density and polymerisation time. Moreover, synthetic plexcitonic antenna complexes display pH- and temperature-responsiveness, facilitating active control of plasmon–exciton coupling. Because of the wide range of compatible polymer chemistries and the mild reaction conditions, plexcitonic antenna complexes may offer a versatile route to programmable molecular photonic materials. Excitons in pigment–polymer antenna complexes formed by attachment of chlorophyll to surface grafted polymers are coupled strongly to plasmon modes, with coupling energies twice those for biological light-harvesting complexes and active control of plasmon–exciton coupling.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lishchuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Evelin Csányi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Brice Darroch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Chloe Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Alexei Nabok
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University City Campus Sheffield S1 1WB UK
| | - Graham J Leggett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
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86
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Wu W, Liu X, Li W. Progress and challenges in functional nanomaterial‐based suspension array technology for multiplexed biodetection. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Wanwan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P. R. China
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87
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SI-ATRP Decoration of Magnetic Nanoparticles with PHEMA and Post-Polymerization Modification with Folic Acid for Tumor Cells' Specific Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010155. [PMID: 35008582 PMCID: PMC8745432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted nanocarriers could reach new levels of drug delivery, bringing new tools for personalized medicine. It is known that cancer cells overexpress folate receptors on the cell surface compared to healthy cells, which could be used to create new nanocarriers with specific targeting moiety. In addition, magnetic nanoparticles can be guided under the influence of an external magnetic field in different areas of the body, allowing their precise localization. The main purpose of this paper was to decorate the surface of magnetic nanoparticles with poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) by surface-initiated atomic transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) followed by covalent bonding of folic acid to side groups of the polymer to create a high specificity magnetic nanocarrier with increased internalization capacity in tumor cells. The biocompatibility of the nanocarriers was demonstrated by testing them on the NHDF cell line and folate-dependent internalization capacity was tested on three tumor cell lines: MCF-7, HeLa and HepG2. It has also been shown that a higher concentration of folic acid covalently bound to the polymer leads to a higher internalization in tumor cells compared to healthy cells. Last but not least, magnetic resonance imaging was used to highlight the magnetic properties of the functionalized nanoparticles obtained.
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88
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Park S, Kim M, Park J, Choi W, Hong J, Lee DW, Kim BS. Mussel-Inspired Multiloop Polyethers for Antifouling Surfaces. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:5173-5184. [PMID: 34818000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of polymers for antifouling coatings, the effect of the polymeric topology on the antifouling property has been largely underexplored. Unlike conventional brush polymers, a loop conformation often leads to strong steric stabilization of surfaces and antifouling and lubricating behavior owing to the large excluded volume and reduced chain ends. Herein, we present highly antifouling multiloop polyethers functionalized with a mussel-inspired catechol moiety with varying loop dimensions. Specifically, a series of polyethers with varying catechol contents were synthesized via anionic ring-opening polymerization by using triethylene glycol glycidyl ether (TEG) and catechol-acetonide glycidyl ether (CAG) to afford poly(TEG-co-CAG)n. The versatile adsorption and antifouling effects of multiloop polyethers were evaluated using atomic force microscopy and a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. Furthermore, the crucial role of the loop dimension in the antifouling properties was analyzed via a surface force apparatus and a cell attachment assay. This study provides a new platform for the development of versatile antifouling polymers with varying topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suebin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkee Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woog Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Su Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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89
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Li F, Thiele S, Klok HA. Polymethylene Brushes via Surface-Initiated C1 Polyhomologation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19873-19880. [PMID: 34793151 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Surface-initiated polymerization reactions are a powerful tool to generate chain-end-tethered polymer brushes. This report presents a synthetic strategy that gives access to structurally well-defined hydrocarbon polymer brushes of controlled molecular weights, which can be further modified to generate more complex surface-attached polymer architectures. The hydrocarbon brushes reported in this study are polymethylene brushes that are obtained via surface-initiated C1 polyhomologation of dimethylsulfoxonium methylide. The strategy outlined here is based on the use of an alkylboronic acid pinacol ester initiator, which allows for controlled, unidirectional chain growth by monomer insertion into only the C-B bond of the initiator and which presents the polymerization active group at the growing polymer chain end. This surface-initiated C1 polyhomologation methodology is compatible with photopatterning strategies and can be used to generate micropatterned polymethylene brush films. Furthermore, conversion of the boronic ester chain-end functionalities to hydroxyl groups allows for selective chain-end modification and enables access to a variety of surface-anchored block copolymer architectures by chain extension via, for example, ring-opening or atom transfer radical polymerization chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Batiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Thiele
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Batiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Batiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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90
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Anthi J, Kolivoška V, Holubová B, Vaisocherová-Lísalová H. Probing polymer brushes with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: a mini review. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7379-7391. [PMID: 34693954 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01330k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymer brushes are frequently used as surface-tethered antifouling layers in biosensors to improve sensor surface-analyte recognition in the presence of abundant non-target molecules in complex biological samples by suppressing nonspecific interactions. However, because brushes are complex systems highly responsive to changes in their surrounding environment, studying their properties remains a challenge. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an emerging method in this context. In this mini review, we aim to elucidate the potential of EIS for investigating the physicochemical properties and structural aspects of polymer brushes. The application of EIS in brush-based biosensors is also discussed. Most common principles employed in these biosensors are presented, as well as interpretation of EIS data obtained in such setups. Overall, we demonstrate that the EIS-polymer brush pairing has a considerable potential for providing new insights into brush functionalities and designing highly sensitive and specific biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judita Anthi
- Institute of Physics of the CAS, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Holubová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
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91
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Chlorine-resistant positively charged polyamide nanofiltration membranes for heavy metal ions removal. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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92
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Li S, Lorandi F, Wang H, Liu T, Whitacre JF, Matyjaszewski K. Functional polymers for lithium metal batteries. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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93
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Etayash H, Hancock REW. Host Defense Peptide-Mimicking Polymers and Polymeric-Brush-Tethered Host Defense Peptides: Recent Developments, Limitations, and Potential Success. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1820. [PMID: 34834239 PMCID: PMC8621177 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic antimicrobial polymers have attracted considerable interest as structural mimics of host defense peptides (HDPs) that provide a broad spectrum of activity and do not induce bacterial-drug resistance. Likewise, surface engineered polymeric-brush-tethered HDP is considered a promising coating strategy that prevents infections and endows implantable materials and medical devices with antifouling and antibacterial properties. While each strategy takes a different approach, both aim to circumvent limitations of HDPs, enhance physicochemical properties, therapeutic performance, and enable solutions to unmet therapeutic needs. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in each approach, spotlight the fundamental principles, describe current developments with examples, discuss benefits and limitations, and highlight potential success. The review intends to summarize our knowledge in this research area and stimulate further work on antimicrobial polymers and functionalized polymeric biomaterials as strategies to fight infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert E. W. Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, 2259 Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
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94
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Parisi D, Buenning E, Kalafatakis N, Gury L, Benicewicz BC, Gauthier M, Cloitre M, Rubinstein M, Kumar SK, Vlassopoulos D. Universal Polymeric-to-Colloidal Transition in Melts of Hairy Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16697-16708. [PMID: 34623796 PMCID: PMC8905532 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two different classes of hairy self-suspended nanoparticles in the melt state, polymer-grafted nanoparticles (GNPs) and star polymers, are shown to display universal dynamic behavior across a broad range of parameter space. Linear viscoelastic measurements on well-characterized silica-poly(methyl acrylate) GNPs with a fixed core radius (Rcore) and grafting density (or number of arms f) but varying arm degree of polymerization (Narm) show two distinctly different regimes of response. The colloidal Regime I with a small Narm (large core volume fraction) is characterized by predominant low-frequency solidlike colloidal plateau and ultraslow relaxation, while the polymeric Regime II with a large Narm (small core volume fractions) has a response dominated by the starlike relaxation of partially interpenetrated arms. The transition between the two regimes is marked by a crossover where both polymeric and colloidal modes are discerned albeit without a distinct colloidal plateau. Similarly, polybutadiene multiarm stars also exhibit the colloidal response of Regime I at very large f and small Narm. The star arm retraction model and a simple scaling model of nanoparticle escape from the cage of neighbors by overcoming a hopping potential barrier due to their elastic deformation quantitatively describe the linear response of the polymeric and colloidal regimes, respectively, in all these cases. The dynamic behavior of hairy nanoparticles of different chemistry and molecular characteristics, investigated here and reported in the literature, can be mapped onto a universal dynamic diagram of f/[Rcore3/ν0)1/4] as a function of (Narmν0f)/(Rcore3), where ν0 is the monomeric volume. In this diagram, the two regimes are separated by a line where the hopping potential ΔUhop is equal to the thermal energy, kBT. ΔUhop can be expressed as a function of the overcrowding parameter x (i.e., the ratio of f to the maximum number of unperturbed chains with Narm that can fill the volume occupied by the polymeric corona); hence, this crossing is shown to occur when x = 1. For x > 1, we have colloidal Regime I with an overcrowded volume, stretched arms, and ΔUhop > kBT, while polymeric Regime II is linked to x < 1. This single-material parameter x can provide the needed design principle to tailor the dynamics of this class of soft materials across a wide range of applications from membranes for gas separation to energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Parisi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology and FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Eileen Buenning
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025, United States
| | - Nikolaos Kalafatakis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology and FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Leo Gury
- Department of Materials Science and Technology and FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Brian C Benicewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mario Gauthier
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michel Cloitre
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Thomas Lord Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Sanat K Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025, United States
| | - Dimitris Vlassopoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Technology and FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
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95
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Yin L, Liu L, Zhang N. Brush-like polymers: design, synthesis and applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10484-10499. [PMID: 34550120 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03940g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the development of controlled polymerisation, almost all polymerisation strategies have been successfully transplanted to surface-initiated polymerisation. The resulting polymer brushes have emerged as an effective tool for surface functionalization and modulation of the surface properties of materials. To meet various demands it is possible to tailor a material surface with polymer brushes that have diverse dimensionalities, morphologies and compositions. The crowded environment within polymer brushes as well as the stretched conformation of polymer chains sometimes provide unique physicochemical properties, which lead to the delicate creation of inorganic-organic hybridised nanostructures, anti-fouling coatings, biomedical carriers, and materials for use in lubrication, photonics and energy storage. So far, challenges remain in the high-precision synthesis and topological control needed to realize extended applications of polymer brushes. In this Feature Article, we highlight the topology, potential application prospects and various synthetic protocols, particularly for recently established methods, for the efficient synthesis of polymer brushes, as well as their benefits and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
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96
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Lee JH, Seo HJ, Lee SY, Cho WK, Son K. On‐Surface RAFT Polymerization using Oxygen to form Triblock Copolymer Brushes. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Seo
- Department of Chemistry Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Cho
- Department of Chemistry Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐sun Son
- Department of Chemistry Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
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97
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98
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Szuwarzyński M, Wolski K, Kruk T, Zapotoczny S. Macromolecular strategies for transporting electrons and excitation energy in ordered polymer layers. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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99
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Beyou E, Bourgeat-Lami E. Organic–inorganic hybrid functional materials by nitroxide-mediated polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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100
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You F, Shi QH. Kinetic investigation of protein adsorption into polyelectrolyte brushes by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation: The implication of the chromatographic mechanism. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1654:462460. [PMID: 34438303 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the growing concerns of polymer-grafted ion-exchange chromatography, the importance of protein adsorption on charged polymer-grafted surfaces cannot be stressed enough. However, a full understanding in adsorption in polymer brushes is still a great challenge due to the lack of in situ characterization technique. In this work, we use quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation to in situ investigate adsorption kinetics of γ-globulin and recombinant human lactoferrin on poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate) (pSPM) sensors prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization. With an increase of chain length and grafting density, great increasing amounts of proteins on pSPM-grafted sensors revealed that protein underwent a transition from monolayer to multilayer adsorption. It was attributed to direct protein binding into charged brushes, in which more binding sites involved and more coupled water lost. However, such a strong binding and rigid structure of proteins limited the protein transport in pSPM brushes and "chain delivery" effect. With an increase in grafting density, moreover, denser brushes hindered adjustment in protein conformation in pSPM brushes and further exacerbated protein transport in pSPM brushes. Furthermore, the influence of buffer pH and salt concentration further validated the ion exchange characteristics of protein adsorption into pSPM brushes. The research provided a variety of in situ evidence of protein binding and conformation evolution in pSPM brushes and elucidated mechanism of protein adsorption in pSPM brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen You
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qing-Hong Shi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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