51
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Wang M, Xu L, Gao M, Miller KD, Sledge GW, Zheng QH. Synthesis of 2-[11C]methoxy-3,17β-O,O-bis(sulfamoyl)estradiol as a new potential PET agent for imaging of steroid sulfatase (STS) in cancers. Steroids 2012; 77:864-70. [PMID: 22542502 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Steroid sulfatase (STS) catalyzes the hydrolysis of steroid sulfates to estrones, the main source of estrogens in tumors. Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) is highly expressed in red blood cells through a coordination of the monoanionic form of the sulfamate moiety to the zinc atom in the enzyme active site, and CAII is highly expressed in several tumors. 2-Methoxy-3,17β-O,O-bis(sulfamoyl)estradiol (5) is a dual-function STS-CAII inhibitor inhibited STS with 39 nM IC(50) value selectively over CAII with 379 nM IC(50) value. This compound exhibited potent antiproferative activity with mean graph midpoint value of 87 nM in the NCI 60-cell-line panel, and antiangiogenic in vitro and in vivo activity in an early-stage Lewis lung model as well. The compound has been recently developed as a multitargeted anticancer agent. Both STS and CAII are over-expressed in cancers and have become attractive targets for cancer treatment and molecular imaging of cancer. Here we report the first design and synthesis of 2-[(11)C]methoxy-3,17β-O,O-bis(sulfamoyl)estradiol ([(11)C]5) as a new potential imaging agent for biomedical imaging technique positron emission tomography (PET) to image STS in cancers. The authentic standard 5 was synthesized from 17β-estradiol by published procedures in 5 steps with 40% overall chemical yield. The precursor 2-hydroxy-3,17β-O,O-bis(sulfamoyl)estradiol (14a) for radiolabeling was synthesized from 17β-estradiol in 10 steps with 5% overall chemical yield. The target tracer [(11)C]5 was prepared from the precursor 14a with [(11)C]CH(3)OTf through O-[(11)C]methylation and isolated by HPLC combined with solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification in 40-50% radiochemical yields based on [(11)C]CO(2) and decay corrected to end of bombardment (EOB), with 370-740 GBq/μmol specific activity at EOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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52
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Alterio V, Di Fiore A, D'Ambrosio K, Supuran CT, De Simone G. Multiple binding modes of inhibitors to carbonic anhydrases: how to design specific drugs targeting 15 different isoforms? Chem Rev 2012; 112:4421-68. [PMID: 22607219 DOI: 10.1021/cr200176r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 933] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Alterio
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
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53
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Leese MP, Jourdan F, Dohle W, Kimberley MR, Thomas MP, Bai R, Hamel E, Ferrandis E, Potter BVL. Steroidomimetic Tetrahydroisoquinolines for the Design of New Microtubule Disruptors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:5-9. [PMID: 22247790 PMCID: PMC3256937 DOI: 10.1021/ml200232c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Structure–activity relationship translation offers
an expeditious
means for discovery of new active series. This approach was applied
to discover tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ)-based steroidomimetic microtubule
disruptors. The two A-ring elements of a three-point steroidal pharmacophore
were incorporated into a THIQ-based A,B-ring mimic to which an H-bond
acceptor was attached as the third motif. Optimization of the representative 6c through conformational biasing delivered
a 10-fold gain in activity and a new series of microtubule disruptors
(e.g., 9c) with antiproliferative activity in the nanomolar
range. The THIQ derivatives match, or surpass, the activities of the
steroidal series and exhibit improved physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P. Leese
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrice Jourdan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Meriel R. Kimberley
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P. Thomas
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch,
Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and
Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United
States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch,
Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and
Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United
States
| | - Eric Ferrandis
- IPSEN, Institut de Recherche Henri Beaufour, 91966 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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54
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Panchapakesan G, Dhayalan V, Dhatchana Moorthy N, Saranya N, Mohanakrishnan AK. Synthesis of 2-substituted 17β-hydroxy/17-methylene estratrienes and their in vitro cytotoxicity in human cancer cell cultures. Steroids 2011; 76:1491-504. [PMID: 21872616 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of various types of 2-(alkylaminomethyl) and 2-(aroyl) 17β-estradiol analogs are reported. The synthesis of similar types of 2-substituted 17-methylene estratriene analogs was also achieved. Synthesis of chalcone derivatives of 17β-estradiol and 17-methylene estratriene were also realized. All these 2-substituted estratrienes were tested for their antiproliferative activity by using four different cell lines from colon, lung, glioma and breast cancers. Among the various 2-substituted estratrienes, the compounds 10d, 14a-h and 17e were found to have in vitro antiproliferative activity comparable to that of parent analogs 1-4. Comparison of the SAR pattern of these 2-susbtituted estratriene derivatives confirmed that relatively, 17-methylene estratrienes are more active than that of 17β-estradiol analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Panchapakesan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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55
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Bruno RD, Vasaitis TS, Gediya LK, Purushottamachar P, Godbole AM, Ates-Alagoz Z, Brodie AMH, Njar VCO. Synthesis and biological evaluations of putative metabolically stable analogs of VN/124-1 (TOK-001): head to head anti-tumor efficacy evaluation of VN/124-1 (TOK-001) and abiraterone in LAPC-4 human prostate cancer xenograft model. Steroids 2011; 76:1268-79. [PMID: 21729712 PMCID: PMC3171567 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In a continuing study of our clinical candidate 5 VN/124-1 (TOK-001) and analogs as potential agents for prostate cancer therapy, putative metabolites (10, 15 and 18) of compound 5 were rationally designed and synthesized. However, none of these agents were as efficacious as 5 in several in vitro studies. Using western blot analysis, we have generated a preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) of 5 and related analogs as androgen receptor ablative agents (ARAAs). In vivo using the androgen-dependent LAPC-4 prostate cancer xenograft model, we demonstrated for the first time that 5 is more efficacious than the 17-lyase inhibitor 3 (abiraterone)/4 (abiraterone acetate) that is currently in phase III clinical trials. In our desire to optimize the potency of 5, compounds 6 (3ξ-fluoro-) and 9 (3β-sulfamate-) designed to increase the stability and oral bioavailability of 5, respectively were evaluated in vivo. We showed, that on equimolar basis, compound 6 was ∼2-fold more efficacious versus LAPC-4 xenografts than 5, but the toxicity observed with 6 is of concern. These studies further demonstrate the efficacy of 5 in a clinically relevant prostate cancer model and justify its current clinical development as a potential treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Bruno
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tadas S. Vasaitis
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lalji K. Gediya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, 130 South 9 Street, Philadelphia 19107, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Puranik Purushottamachar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, 130 South 9 Street, Philadelphia 19107, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Abhijit M. Godbole
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, 130 South 9 Street, Philadelphia 19107, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Zeynep Ates-Alagoz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100Tandogan, Ankara-Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Angela M. H. Brodie
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Vincent C. O. Njar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, 130 South 9 Street, Philadelphia 19107, PA, USA
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 130 South 9 Street, Philadelphia 19107, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Corresponding author: Tel: (215) 503 7468, Fax: (215) 503 9052;
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56
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Dong X, Xiao Y, Jiang X, Wang Y. Quantitative proteomic analysis revealed lovastatin-induced perturbation of cellular pathways in HL-60 cells. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:5463-71. [PMID: 21967149 DOI: 10.1021/pr200718p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lovastatin, a member of the statin family of drugs, is widely prescribed for treating hypercholesterolemia. The statin family of drugs, however, also shows promise for cancer treatment and prevention. Although lovastatin is known to be an inhibitor for HMG-CoA reductase, the precise mechanisms underlying the drug's antiproliferative activity remain unclearly defined. Here we utilized mass spectrometry, in conjunction with stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), to analyze the perturbation of protein expression in HL-60 cells treated with lovastatin. We were able to quantify ∼3200 proteins with both forward and reverse SILAC labeling experiments, among which ∼120 exhibited significant alterations in expression levels upon lovastatin treatment. Apart from confirming the expected inhibition of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, our quantitative proteomic results revealed that lovastatin perturbed the estrogen receptor signaling pathway, which was manifested by the diminished expression of estrogen receptor α, steroid receptor RNA activator 1, and other related proteins. Lovastatin also altered glutamate metabolism through down-regulation of glutamine synthetase and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Moreover, lovastatin treatment led to a marked down-regulation of carbonate dehydratase II (a.k.a. carbonic anhydrase II) and perturbed the protein ubiquitination pathway. Together, the results from the present study underscored several new cellular pathways perturbed by lovastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
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57
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Stander XX, Stander BA, Joubert AM. In vitro effects of an in silico-modelled 17β-estradiol derivative in combination with dichloroacetic acid on MCF-7 and MCF-12A cells. Cell Prolif 2011; 44:567-81. [PMID: 21992416 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate anti-proliferative properties of a novel in silico-modelled 17β-oestradiol derivative (C9), in combination with dichloroacetic acid (DCA), on MCF-7 and MCF-12A cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS xCELLigence system was employed to determine optimal seeding number for cells, and crystal violet assay was used to assess cell number and to determine IC(50) value (24 h) for combination treatment. Light and fluorescent microscopy techniques were used to morphologically detect types of cell death. Flow cytometry was used to analyse cell cycle and apoptosis. RESULTS Optimal seeding number for 96-well plates was determined to be 5000-10 000 cells/well for both MCF-7 and MCF-12A cells. IC(50) for MCF-7 cells of the combination treatment after 24 h was 130 nm of C9 in conjunction with 7.5 mm of DCA (P < 0.05). In contrast, the same concentration inhibited cell population growth by only 29.3% for MCF-12As after 24-h treatment (P < 0.05). Morphological studies revealed lower cell density of both types of combination-treated cells. Flow cytometric analyses demonstrated increase in sub-G(1) phase in combination-treated MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the novel 17β-oestradiol derivative C9, in combination with DCA is a potent anti-proliferation treatment, with properties of selectivity towards tumourigenic cells. Thus, this warrants further studies as a potential combination chemotherapeutic agent for further cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Stander
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
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58
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Kang CM, Choe YS, Jung KH, Choi JY, Lee KH, Kim BT. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 2-[11C]methoxyestradiol-3,17β-O,O-bissulfamate for in vivo studies of angiogenesis. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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59
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Maltais R, Poirier D. Steroid sulfatase inhibitors: a review covering the promising 2000-2010 decade. Steroids 2011; 76:929-48. [PMID: 21458474 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The steroid sulfatase (STS) plays a major role in the regulation of steroid hormone concentrations in several human tissues and target organs and therefore, represents an interesting target to regulate estrogen and androgen levels implicated in different diseases. In this review article, the emphasis is put on STS inhibitors reported in the fruitful 2000-2010 decade, which consolidated the first ones that were previously developed (1990-1999). The inhibitors reviewed are divided into four categories according to the fact that they are sulfamoylated or not or that they have a steroid nucleus or not. Other topics such as function, localization, structure and mechanism as well as applications of STS inhibitors are also briefly discussed to complement the information on this crucial steroidogenic enzyme and its inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Maltais
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHUQ (CHUL)-Research Center (Endocrinology and Genomic Unit) and Laval University (Faculty of Medicine), Québec, Canada
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60
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Jourdan F, Leese MP, Dohle W, Ferrandis E, Newman SP, Chander S, Purohit A, Potter BVL. Structure-activity relationships of C-17-substituted estratriene-3-O-sulfamates as anticancer agents. J Med Chem 2011; 54:4863-79. [PMID: 21604672 DOI: 10.1021/jm200483x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and antiproliferative activities of analogues of 2-substituted estradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamates (E2bisMATEs) are discussed. Modifications of the C-17 substituent confirm that an H-bond acceptor is essential for high activity; its optimal linkage to C-17 and the local environment in which it resides are defined. In the non-sulfamoylated series 17β-acyl substitution delivers 48b, the most potent compound identified to date. In the sulfamate series a number of permutations of linker and H-bond acceptor deliver excellent activity, with 55, 61, 65, 49a, and 49b proving especially promising. The in vivo potential of these compounds was explored in the NCI hollow fiber assay and also in a mouse Matrigel model of antiangiogenesis in which 49 and 55 show significant inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Jourdan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
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61
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Gökçe B, Gençer N, Arslan O, Turkoğlu SA, Alper M, Köçkar F. Evaluation of in vitro effects of some analgesic drugs on erythrocyte and recombinant carbonic anhydrase I and II. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 27:37-42. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.574130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Başak Gökçe
- Balıkesir University, Science and Art Faculty, Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry Section,
Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Nahit Gençer
- Balıkesir University, Science and Art Faculty, Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry Section,
Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Oktay Arslan
- Balıkesir University, Science and Art Faculty, Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry Section,
Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Sumeyye Aydogan Turkoğlu
- Balıkesir University, Science and Art Faculty, Department of Biology/Molecular Biology Section,
Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Meltem Alper
- Balıkesir University, Science and Art Faculty, Department of Biology/Molecular Biology Section,
Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Feray Köçkar
- Balıkesir University, Science and Art Faculty, Department of Biology/Molecular Biology Section,
Balıkesir, Turkey
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62
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Wang M, Gao M, Miller KD, Zheng QH. Synthesis of a New Carbon-11–Labeled Sulfamate Derivative as a Potential PET Tracer for Imaging of Breast Cancer Aromatase and Steroid Sulfatase Expression. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911003797825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- a Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , Indiana , USA
| | - Mingzhang Gao
- a Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , Indiana , USA
| | - Kathy D. Miller
- b Department of Medicine , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , Indiana , USA
| | - Qi-Huang Zheng
- a Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , Indiana , USA
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63
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Barry V. L. Potter. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:397. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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64
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Stander A, Joubert F, Joubert A. Docking, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of antimitotic estrone analogs. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 77:173-81. [PMID: 21244635 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2010.01064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, Autodock 4.0 was employed to discover potential carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors that are able to interfere with microtubule dynamics by binding to the Colchicine binding site of tubulin. Modifications at position 2' of estrone were made to include moieties that are known to improve the antimitotic activity of estradiol analogs. 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10),15-tetraen-3-ol-17-one estronem (C9) and 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10)16-tetraene (C12) were synthesized and tested in vitro. Growth studies were conducted utilizing spectrophotometrical analysis with crystal violet as DNA stain. Compounds C9 and C12 were cytotoxic in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 tumorigenic and metastatic breast cancer cells, SNO non-keratinizing squamous epithelium cancer cells and HeLa cells after 48 h exposure. Compounds C9 inhibited cell proliferation to 50% of the vehicle-treated controls from 110 to 160 nm and C12 at concentrations ranging from 180 to 220 nm. Confocal microscopy revealed abnormal spindle morphology in mitotic cells. Cell cycle analysis showed an increase in the number of cells in the G(2) /M fraction after 24 h and an increase in the number of cell in the sub-G(1) fraction after 48 h, indicating that the compounds are antimitotic and able to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Stander
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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65
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Esteves MA, Ortet O, Capelo A, Supuran CT, Marques SM, Santos MA. New hydroxypyrimidinone-containing sulfonamides as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors also acting as MMP inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3623-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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66
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Cozier GE, Leese MP, Lloyd MD, Baker MD, Thiyagarajan N, Acharya KR, Potter BVL. Structures of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II/Inhibitor Complexes Reveal a Second Binding Site for Steroidal and Nonsteroidal Inhibitors,. Biochemistry 2010; 49:3464-76. [DOI: 10.1021/bi902178w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyles E. Cozier
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
| | - Mathew P. Leese
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
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67
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Woo LWL, Jackson T, Putey A, Cozier G, Leonard P, Acharya KR, Chander SK, Purohit A, Reed MJ, Potter BVL. Highly Potent First Examples of Dual Aromatase−Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitors based on a Biphenyl Template. J Med Chem 2010; 53:2155-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901705h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. W. Lawrence Woo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Toby Jackson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Aurélien Putey
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Gyles Cozier
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Philip Leonard
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - K. Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Surinder K. Chander
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K
| | - Atul Purohit
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K
| | - Michael J. Reed
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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68
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Xin M, You Q, Xiang H. An efficient, practical synthesis of 2-methoxyestradiol. Steroids 2010; 75:53-6. [PMID: 19835898 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and practical scheme to synthesize 2-methoxyestradiol has been developed. The key step was the copper-mediated methoxylation using ethyl acetate as a co-catalyst to introduce a methoxyl group. These synthetic procedures of four steps from 17beta-estradiol as starting material gave 2-methoxyestradiol with a 61% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhang Xin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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69
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Class III beta-tubulin expression and in vitro resistance to microtubule targeting agents. Br J Cancer 2009; 102:316-24. [PMID: 20029418 PMCID: PMC2816659 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Class III beta-tubulin overexpression is a marker of resistance to microtubule disruptors in vitro, in vivo and in the clinic for many cancers, including breast cancer. The aims of this study were to develop a new model of class III beta-tubulin expression, avoiding the toxicity associated with chronic overexpression of class III beta-tubulin, and study the efficacy of a panel of clinical and pre-clinical drugs in this model. METHODS MCF-7 (ER+ve) and MDA-MB-231 (ER-ve) were either transfected with pALTER-TUBB3 or siRNA-tubb3 and 24 h later exposed to test compounds for a further 96 h for proliferation studies. RT-PCR and immunoblotting were used to monitor the changes in class III beta-tubulin mRNA and protein expression. RESULTS The model allowed for subtle changes in class III beta-tubulin expression to be achieved, which had no direct effect on the viability of the cells. Class III beta-tubulin overexpression conferred resistance to paclitaxel and vinorelbine, whereas downregulation of class III beta-tubulin rendered cells more sensitive to these two drugs. The efficacy of the colchicine-site binding agents, 2-MeOE2, colchicine, STX140, ENMD1198 and STX243 was unaffected by the changes in class III beta-tubulin expression. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the effect of class III beta-tubulin overexpression may depend on where the drug's binding site is located on the tubulin. Therefore, this study highlights for the first time the potential key role of targeting the colchicine-binding site, to develop new treatment modalities for taxane-refractory breast cancer.
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Day JM, Foster PA, Tutill HJ, Newman SP, Ho YT, Leese MP, Potter BVL, Reed MJ, Purohit A. BCRP expression does not result in resistance to STX140 in vivo, despite the increased expression of BCRP in A2780 cells in vitro after long-term STX140 exposure. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:476-86. [PMID: 19156141 PMCID: PMC2658539 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties of the endogenous oestrogen metabolite, 2-methoxyoestradiol (2-MeOE2), are enhanced in a series of sulphamoylated derivatives of 2-MeOE2. To investigate possible mechanisms of resistance to these compounds, a cell line, A2780.140, eightfold less sensitive to the 3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamoylated derivative, STX140, was derived from the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line by dose escalation. Other cell lines tested did not develop STX140 resistance. RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis demonstrated that breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) expression is dramatically increased in A2780.140 cells. The cells are cross-resistant to the most structurally similar bis-sulphamates, and to BCRP substrates, mitoxantrone and doxorubicin; but they remain sensitive to taxol, an MDR1 substrate, and to all other sulphamates tested. Sensitivity can be restored using a BCRP inhibitor, and this pattern of resistance is also seen in a BCRP-expressing MCF-7-derived cell line, MCF-7.MR. In mice bearing wild-type (wt) and BCRP-expressing tumours on either flank, both STX140 and mitoxantrone inhibited the growth of the MCF-7wt xenografts, but only STX140 inhibited growth of the MCF-7.MR tumours. In conclusion, STX140, a promising orally bioavailable anti-cancer agent in pre-clinical development, is highly efficacious in BCRP-expressing xenografts. This is despite an increase in BCRP expression in A2780 cells in vitro after chronic dosing with STX140.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Day
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK.
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71
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Parsons MFC, Foster PA, Chander SK, Jhalli R, Newman SP, Leese MP, Potter BVL, Purohit A, Reed MJ. The in vivo properties of STX243: a potent angiogenesis inhibitor in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:1433-41. [PMID: 18841154 PMCID: PMC2579677 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The steroidal-based drug 2-ethyloestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamate (STX243) has been developed as a potent antiangiogenic and antitumour compound. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether STX243 is more active in vivo than the clinically relevant drug 2-methoxyoestradiol (2-MeOE2) and the structurally similar compound 2-MeOE2-3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamate (STX140). The tumour growth inhibition efficacy, antiangiogenic potential and pharmacokinetics of STX243 were examined using four in vivo models. Both STX243 and STX140 were capable of retarding the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumours (72 and 63%, respectively), whereas no inhibition was observed for animals treated with 2-MeOE2. Further tumour inhibition studies showed that STX243 was also active against MCF-7 paclitaxel-resistant tumours. Using a Matrigel plug-based model, in vivo angiogenesis was restricted with STX243 and STX140 (50 and 72%, respectively, using a 10 mg kg(-1) oral dose), thereby showing the antiangiogenic activity of both compounds. The pharmacokinetics of STX243 were examined at two different doses using adult female rats. The compound was orally bioavailable (31% after a single 10 mg kg(-1) dose) and resistant to metabolism. These results show that STX243 is a potent in vivo drug and could be clinically effective at treating a number of oncological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F C Parsons
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - P A Foster
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - S K Chander
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - R Jhalli
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - S P Newman
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - M P Leese
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd., University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - B V L Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd., University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - A Purohit
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - M J Reed
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
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72
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Tagg SLC, Foster PA, Leese MP, Potter BVL, Reed MJ, Purohit A, Newman SP. 2-Methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamate and 2-deoxy-D-glucose in combination: a potential treatment for breast and prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:1842-8. [PMID: 18985042 PMCID: PMC2600694 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug combination therapy is a key strategy to improve treatment efficacy and survival of cancer patients. In this study the effects of combining 2-methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamate (STX140), a microtubule disruptor, with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) were assessed in MCF-7 (breast) and LNCaP (prostate) xenograft models in vivo. In mice bearing MCF-7 xenografts, daily p.o. administration of STX140 (5 mg kg−1) resulted in a 46% (P<0.05) reduction of tumour volume. However, the combination of STX140 (5 mg kg−1 p.o.) and 2DG (2 g kg−1 i.p.) reduced tumour volume by 76% (P<0.001). 2-Methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamate also reduced tumour vessel density. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose alone had no significant effect on tumour volume or vessel density. A similar benefit of the combination treatment was observed in the LNCaP prostate xenograft model. In vitro the degree of inhibition of cell proliferation by STX140 was unaffected by oxygen concentrations. In contrast, the inhibition of proliferation by 2DG was enhanced under hypoxia by 20 and 25% in MCF-7 and LNCaP cells, respectively. The combination of STX140 and 2DG in LNCaP cells under normoxia or hypoxia inhibited proliferation to a greater extent than either compound alone. These results suggest that the antiangiogenic and microtubule disruption activities of STX140 may make tumours more susceptible to inhibition of glycolysis by 2DG. This is the first study to show the benefit of combining a microtubule disruptor with 2DG in the two most common solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L C Tagg
- Oncology Drug Discovery and Women's Health Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
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73
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Basaran I, Sinan S, Cakir U, Bulut M, Arslan O, Ozensoy O. In vitro inhibition of cytosolic carbonic anhydrases I and II by some new dihydroxycoumarin compounds. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 23:32-6. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360701404100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ismet Basaran
- Department of Chemistry, Balikesir University Science & Art Faculty, CAGIS/Kampus, 10100, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Selma Sinan
- Department of Biology, Balikesir University Science & Art Faculty, CAGIS/Kampus, 10100, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Umit Cakir
- Department of Chemistry, Balikesir University Science & Art Faculty, CAGIS/Kampus, 10100, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bulut
- Science and Art Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Marmara University, Kadiköy, 81040, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oktay Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Balikesir University Science & Art Faculty, CAGIS/Kampus, 10100, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Ozen Ozensoy
- Department of Chemistry, Balikesir University Science & Art Faculty, CAGIS/Kampus, 10100, Balikesir, Turkey
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74
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Wang M, Cooley B, Gao M, Miller KD, Sledge GW, Hutchins GD, Zheng QH. Synthesis of new carbon-11 labeled naphthalene-sulfonamides for PET imaging of human CCR8. Appl Radiat Isot 2008; 66:1406-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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75
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Woo LL, Fischer DS, Sharland CM, Trusselle M, Foster PA, Chander SK, Di Fiore A, Supuran CT, De Simone G, Purohit A, Reed MJ, Potter BV. Anticancer steroid sulfatase inhibitors: synthesis of a potent fluorinated second-generation agent, in vitro and in vivo activities, molecular modeling, and protein crystallography. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:2435-44. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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76
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Temperini C, Innocenti A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4282-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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77
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Foster PA, Woo LWL, Potter BVL, Reed MJ, Purohit A. The use of steroid sulfatase inhibitors as a novel therapeutic strategy against hormone-dependent endometrial cancer. Endocrinology 2008; 149:4035-42. [PMID: 18450955 PMCID: PMC2488239 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The past few years have seen an increase in the reported incidence of endometrial carcinoma, one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies of the female genital tract. Estrogen production is vital for the mitogenesis of endometrial tumors. Inhibition of steroid sulfatase (STS), an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of steroids with estrogenic properties, may represent a novel therapeutic target for this type of cancer. This study investigates the effects of STX64 (also known as 667Coumate and BN83495) and STX213, two potent STS inhibitors, on hormone-dependent endometrial cancer cell growth in vivo. When tested in intact mice with endometrial cancer xenografts, STX64 had limited effect on tumor growth. In contrast, the microtubule disruptor STX140 reduced tumor growth by 55%. In a hormone-dependent endometrial xenograft model in ovariectomized mice, both STX64 and STX213 given orally, daily at 1 mg/kg significantly inhibited tumor growth by 48 and 67%, respectively. However, when given orally at 1 mg/kg once weekly, only STX213 still inhibited tumor proliferation. At a higher dose of STX64 (10 mg/kg, orally, daily), a greater tumor growth inhibition of 59% was observed. Liver and tumor STS activity was completely inhibited in all daily treatment groups. Plasma estradiol (E2) levels were also significantly decreased. A significant correlation was observed between plasma E2 concentrations and STS activity, indicating the importance of circulating E2 on tumor growth. This novel study demonstrates for the first time that STS inhibitors are potent inhibitors of endometrial cancer growth in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Foster
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom.
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78
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Improved synthesis of mestranol and ethinyl estradiol (EE) related degradation products as authentic references. Steroids 2008; 73:488-94. [PMID: 18255111 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2007.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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79
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Newman SP, Foster PA, Stengel C, Day JM, Ho YT, Judde JG, Lassalle M, Prevost G, Leese MP, Potter BVL, Reed MJ, Purohit A. STX140 is efficacious in vitro and in vivo in taxane-resistant breast carcinoma cells. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:597-606. [PMID: 18223236 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of these studies was to characterize the action of STX140 in a P-glycoprotein-overexpressing tumor cell line both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, its efficacy was determined against xenografts derived from patients who failed docetaxel therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The effects of STX140, Taxol, and 2-methoxyestradiol (2-MeOE2) on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis were assessed in vitro in drug-resistant cells (MCF-7(DOX)) and the parental cell line (MCF-7(WT)). Mice bearing an MCF-7(DOX) tumor on one flank and an MCF-7(WT) tumor on the other flank were used to assess the in vivo efficacy. Furthermore, the responses to STX140 of three xenografts, derived from drug-resistant patients, were assessed. RESULTS In this study, STX140 caused cell cycle arrest, cyclin B1 induction, and subsequent apoptosis of both MCF-7(DOX) and MCF-7(WT) cells. Taxol and 2-MeOE2 were only active in the MCF-7(WT) parental cell line. Although both STX140 and Taxol inhibited the growth of xenografts derived from MCF-7(WT) cells, only STX140 inhibited the growth of tumors derived from MCF-7(DOX) cells. 2-MeOE2 was ineffective at the dose tested against both tumor types. Two out of the three newly derived docetaxel-resistant xenografts, including a metastatic triple-negative tumor, responded to STX140 but not to docetaxel treatment. CONCLUSIONS STX140 shows excellent efficacy in both MCF-7(WT) and MCF-7(DOX) breast cancer xenograft models, in contrast to Taxol and 2-MeOE2. The clinical potential of STX140 was further highlighted by the efficacy seen in xenografts recently derived from patients who had failed on taxane therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Newman
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK.
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80
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Krishnamurthy VM, Kaufman GK, Urbach AR, Gitlin I, Gudiksen KL, Weibel DB, Whitesides GM. Carbonic anhydrase as a model for biophysical and physical-organic studies of proteins and protein-ligand binding. Chem Rev 2008; 108:946-1051. [PMID: 18335973 PMCID: PMC2740730 DOI: 10.1021/cr050262p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay M. Krishnamurthy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - George K. Kaufman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Adam R. Urbach
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Irina Gitlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Katherine L. Gudiksen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Douglas B. Weibel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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81
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Leese MP, Jourdan FL, Gaukroger K, Mahon MF, Newman SP, Foster PA, Stengel C, Regis-Lydi S, Ferrandis E, Di Fiore A, De Simone G, Supuran CT, Purohit A, Reed MJ, Potter BVL. Structure-activity relationships of C-17 cyano-substituted estratrienes as anticancer agents. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1295-308. [PMID: 18260615 DOI: 10.1021/jm701319c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, SAR, and preclinical evaluation of 17-cyanated 2-substituted estra-1,3,5(10)-trienes as anticancer agents are discussed. 2-Methoxy-17beta-cyanomethylestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol ( 14), but not the related 2-ethyl derivative 7, and the related 3- O-sulfamates 8 and 15 display potent antiproliferative effects (MCF-7 GI 50 300, 60 and 70 nM, respectively) against human cancer cells in vitro. Investigation of the SAR reveals that a sterically unhindered hydrogen bond acceptor attached to C-17 is most likely key to the enhanced activity. Compound 8 displayed significant in vitro antiangiogenic activity, and its ability to act as a microtubule disruptor was confirmed. Inhibitory activity of the sulfamate derivatives against steroid sulfatase and carbonic anhydrase II (hCAII) was also observed, and the interaction between 15 and hCAII was investigated by protein crystallography. The potential of these multimechanism anticancer agents was confirmed in vivo, with promising activity observed for both 14 and 15 in an athymic nude mouse MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P Leese
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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82
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Jourdan F, Bubert C, Leese MP, Smith A, Ferrandis E, Regis-Lydi S, Newman SP, Purohit A, Reed MJ, Potter BVL. Effects of C-17 heterocyclic substituents on the anticancer activity of 2-ethylestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3-O-sulfamates: synthesis, in vitro evaluation and computational modelling. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4108-19. [DOI: 10.1039/b810300c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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83
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Wang M, Gao M, Miller KD, Sledge GW, Hutchins GD, Zheng QH. Synthesis of new carbon-11-labeled 7-aroyl-aminoindoline-1-sulfonamides as potential PET agents for imaging of tubulin polymerization in cancers. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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84
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Newman SP, Foster PA, Ho YT, Day JM, Raobaikady B, Kasprzyk PG, Leese MP, Potter BVL, Reed MJ, Purohit A. The therapeutic potential of a series of orally bioavailable anti-angiogenic microtubule disruptors as therapy for hormone-independent prostate and breast cancers. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:1673-82. [PMID: 18026194 PMCID: PMC2360283 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies for hormone-independent prostate and breast cancer are limited, with the effectiveness of the taxanes compromised by toxicity, lack of oral bioavailability and drug resistance. This study aims to identify and characterise new microtubule disruptors, which may have improved efficacy relative to the taxanes in hormone-independent cancer. 2-Methoxy-3-O-sulphamoyl-17β-cyanomethyl-oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene (STX641), 2-methoxy-3-hydroxy-17β-cyanomethyl-oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene (STX640) and 2-methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamate (STX140) were all potent inhibitors of cell proliferation in a panel of prostate and breast cancer cell lines. STX641 and STX640 significantly inhibited tumour growth in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model. STX641 inhibited both in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis. Despite good in vivo activity, STX641 was not as potent in vivo as STX140. Therefore, STX140 was evaluated in the prostate hormone-independent PC-3 xenograft model. STX140 had superior efficacy to docetaxel, 2-MeOE2 and bevacizumab. In contrast to vinorelbine, no significant toxicity was observed. Furthermore, STX140 could be dosed daily over a 60-day period leading to tumour regression and complete responses, which were maintained after the cessation of dosing. This study demonstrates that STX641 and STX140 have considerable potential for the treatment of hormone-independent breast and prostate cancer. In contrast to the taxanes, STX140 can be dosed orally, with no toxicity being observed even after prolonged daily dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Newman
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK.
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85
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Foster PA, Ho YT, Newman SP, Kasprzyk PG, Leese MP, Potter BVL, Reed MJ, Purohit A. 2-MeOE2bisMATE and 2-EtE2bisMATE induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer xenografts as shown by a novel ex vivo technique. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 111:251-60. [PMID: 17957467 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-007-9791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide. The theory of targeting both cancer cells directly and their blood supply has significant therapeutic potential. However, to date, there are few clinically successful single agents that meet these criteria. 2-Methoxyestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate (2-MeOE2bisMATE) and 2-ethylestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate (2-EtE2bisMATE) are potent inhibitors of proliferation in a range of cancer cells. The work presented here demonstrates the potent in vitro and in vivo effects of these compounds. They cause apoptosis via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway in both MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and endothelial cells. Furthermore, they are potent anti-angiogenic inhibitors in vivo, as shown by their ability to reduce endothelial staining in MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors. We have developed a novel, flow cytometry based, ex vivo method which shows in cells recovered from MDA-MB-231 tumors treated with 2-MeOE2bisMATE and 2-EtE2bisMATE an increase in intra-tumoral G(2)-M arrest and apoptosis. The degree of apoptosis inversely correlates to tumor volume. Further in vivo studies reveal that both 2-MeOE2bisMATE and 2-EtE2bisMATE are orally bioavailable and extremely efficacious when compared to clinically tested drugs. As these compounds are anti-proliferative against breast cancer and endothelial cells they have the potential to be potent, dual acting clinical drugs of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Foster
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London, W2 1NY, UK.
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86
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Bubert C, Leese MP, Mahon MF, Ferrandis E, Regis-Lydi S, Kasprzyk PG, Newman SP, Ho YT, Purohit A, Reed MJ, Potter BVL. 3,17-disubstituted 2-alkylestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol derivatives: synthesis, in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity. J Med Chem 2007; 50:4431-43. [PMID: 17696419 DOI: 10.1021/jm070405v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamates inhibit steroid sulfatase (STS), carbonic anhydrase (CA), and, when substituted at C-2, cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis. C-2 Substitution and 17-sulfamate replacement of the estradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamates were explored with efficient and practical syntheses developed. Evaluation against human cancer cell lines revealed the 2-methyl derivative 27 (DU145 GI(50) = 0.38 microM) as the most active novel bis-sulfamate, while 2-ethyl-17-carbamate derivative 52 (GI(50) = 0.22 microM) proved most active of its series (cf. 2-ethylestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate 4 GI(50) = 0.21 microM). Larger C-2 substituents were deleterious to activity. 2-Methoxy-17-carbamate 50 was studied by X-ray crystallography and was surprisingly 13-fold weaker as an STS inhibitor compared to parent bis-sulfamate 3. The potential of 4 as an orally dosed anti-tumor agent is confirmed using breast and prostate cancer xenografts. In the MDA-MB-231 model, dramatic reduction in tumor growth or regression was observed, with effects sustained after cessation of treatment. 3-O-Sulfamoylated 2-alkylestradiol-17-O-carbamates and sulfamates have considerable potential as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bubert
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology & Sterix Ltd., University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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87
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Alterio V, De Simone G, Monti SM, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Inhibition of human, bacterial, and archaeal isozymes with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides—Solution and crystallographic studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4201-7. [PMID: 17540563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Three benzene-1,3-disulfonamide derivatives were investigated for their interaction with 12 mammalian alpha-carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1), and three bacterial/archaeal CAs belonging to the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-CA class, respectively. X-ray crystal structure of the three inhibitors in complex with the dominant human isozyme CA II revealed a particular binding mode within the cavity. The sulfonamide group in meta-position to the Zn(2+)-coordinated SO(2)NH(2) moiety was oriented toward the hydrophilic side of the active site cleft, establishing hydrogen bonds with His64, Asn67, Gln92, and Thr200. The plane of the phenyl moiety of the inhibitors was rotated by 45 degrees and tilted by 10 degrees with respect to its most recurrent orientation in other CA II-sulfonamide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Alterio
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
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88
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Chander SK, Foster PA, Leese MP, Newman SP, Potter BVL, Purohit A, Reed MJ. In vivo inhibition of angiogenesis by sulphamoylated derivatives of 2-methoxyoestradiol. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:1368-76. [PMID: 17426705 PMCID: PMC2360171 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs that inhibit growth of tumours and their blood supply could have considerable therapeutic potential. 2-Methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamate (2-MeOE2bisMATE) has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 (ER+) breast cancer cells and angiogenesis in vitro. 2-MeOE2bisMATE and its analogue, 17-Cym-2-MeOE2MATE, were investigated for their ability to inhibit in vivo angiogenesis and tumour growth. The mouse Matrigel plug assay for angiogenesis was used to investigate the effect of compounds on neovascularisation and was quantified using a FITC-dextran injection technique. Nude mice bearing tumours derived from MCF-7 cells were used to assess efficacy on tumour growth. Tumour sections were stained for VEGFR-2 and Ki67 to assess tumour angiogenesis and cell proliferation respectively. Matrigel plugs supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor resulted in increased neovascularisation over 7 days. Oral administration of 2-MeOE2bisMATE for 7 days at 10 or 50 mg kg(-1) significantly reduced neovascularisation to or below control levels respectively. 17-Cym-2-MeOE2MATE at 20 mg kg(-1) was equally effective. 2-MeOE2bisMATE, dosed daily for 21 days, caused a 52% reduction in tumour growth at 5 mg kg(-1) and 38% regression at 20 mg kg(-1). 17-Cym-2-MeOE2MATE (20 mg kg(-1)) reduced tumour growth by 92%. Immunohistochemistry revealed a reduction in angiogenesis and proliferation. Matrigel plug and tumour imaging after FITC-dextran injection indicated that 2-MeOE2bisMATE caused a marked disruption of vasculature. These sulphamoylated oestrogen derivatives have been shown to be potent inhibitors of angiogenesis in vivo. This, together with their ability to inhibit tumour growth, indicates the potential of this new class of drugs for further development for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Chander
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd, Imperial College, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK.
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89
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Temperini C, Winum JY, Montero JL, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: The X-ray crystal structure of the adduct of N-hydroxysulfamide with isozyme II explains why this new zinc binding function is effective in the design of potent inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2795-801. [PMID: 17346964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
N-Hydroxysulfamide is a 2000-fold more potent inhibitor of the zinc enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) as compared to sulfamide. It also inhibits other physiologically relevant isoforms, such as the tumor-associated CA IX and XII (K(I)s in the range of 0.865-1.34microM). In order to understand the binding of this inhibitor to the enzyme active site, the X-ray crystal structure of the human hCA II-N-hydroxysulfamide adduct was resolved. The inhibitor coordinates to the active site zinc ion by the ionized primary amino group, participating in an extended network of hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues Thr199, Thr200 and two water molecules. The additional two hydrogen bonds in which N-hydroxysulfamide bound to hCA II is involved as compared to the corresponding adduct of sulfamide may explain its higher affinity for the enzyme, also providing hints for the design of tight-binding CA inhibitors possessing an organic moiety substituting the NH group in the N-hydroxysulfamide structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Temperini
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
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