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Verholleman A, Victorri-Vigneau C, Laforgue E, Derkinderen P, Verstuyft C, Grall-Bronnec M. Naltrexone Use in Treating Hypersexuality Induced by Dopamine Replacement Therapy: Impact of OPRM1 A/G Polymorphism on Its Effectiveness. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21083002. [PMID: 32344532 PMCID: PMC7215378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypersexuality is a well-known adverse side effect of dopamine replacement therapy (DRT), and anti-craving drugs could be an effective therapeutic option. Our aim was to update the knowledge on this issue, particularly on the influence of an Opioid Receptor Mu 1 (OPRM1) genetic polymorphism. A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. We also analyzed a case of iatrogenic hypersexuality that occurred in a patient treated with DRT. An analysis of the OPRM1 gene was performed on said patient. Our search identified 597 publications, of which only 7 were included in the final data synthesis. All seven publications involved naltrexone use. Five of them were case reports. None of the publications mentioned DRT side effects, nor did they report genetic data. Regarding our case report, the introduction of naltrexone corresponded with the resolution of the patient’s hypersexuality. Moreover, the patient carried the A/G genotype, which has been reported to be associated with a stronger response to naltrexone for patients with an alcohol use disorder. Although studies are inconclusive so far, naltrexone could be an interesting therapeutic option for resistant hypersexuality due to DRT. Carrying the A/G genotype could help explain a good response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Verholleman
- Addictology and Psychiatry Department, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France; (A.V.); (E.L.)
| | - Caroline Victorri-Vigneau
- Inserm UMR-1246, Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, 44200 Nantes, France;
- Pharmacology Department, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Edouard Laforgue
- Addictology and Psychiatry Department, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France; (A.V.); (E.L.)
- Inserm UMR-1246, Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, 44200 Nantes, France;
- Pharmacology Department, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Pascal Derkinderen
- Neurology Department, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France;
- Inserm UMR-1235, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - Celine Verstuyft
- Inserm UMR-1178, CESP, Université Paris-Sud, 94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France;
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Génétique moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie Grall-Bronnec
- Addictology and Psychiatry Department, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France; (A.V.); (E.L.)
- Inserm UMR-1246, Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, 44200 Nantes, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)2-40846116; Fax: +33-(0)2-40846118
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Opioid system modulation of cognitive affective bias: implications for the treatment of mood disorders. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 31:122-135. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Drakopoulos A, Koszegi Z, Lanoiselée Y, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Calebiro D, Decker M. Investigation of Inactive-State κ Opioid Receptor Homodimerization via Single-Molecule Microscopy Using New Antagonistic Fluorescent Probes. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3596-3609. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Drakopoulos
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zsombor Koszegi
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT Birmingham, U.K
| | - Yann Lanoiselée
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT Birmingham, U.K
| | - Harald Hübner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B152TT Birmingham, U.K
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Gisemba SA, Aldrich JV. Optimized Ring Closing Metathesis Reaction Conditions To Suppress Desallyl Side Products in the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Cyclic Peptides Involving Tyrosine( O-allyl). J Org Chem 2020; 85:1407-1415. [PMID: 31880448 PMCID: PMC8018726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We are exploring constraining aromatic residues in the kappa opioid receptor selective antagonist arodyn (Ac[Phe1,2,3,Arg4,d-Ala8]dynorphin A(1-11)-NH2) by ring closing metathesis (RCM) involving tyrosine(O-allyl) (Tyr(All)), but desallyl products limited the yields of the desired cyclic peptide. The model dipeptide Fmoc-Tyr(All)-Tyr(All) was used to explore different reaction conditions, including the use of isomerization suppressants, to minimize formation of the desallyl products and enhance formation of the desired RCM product. Reaction conditions were identified that enhanced the RCM product yield while suppressing desallyl products using both second-generation Grubbs and second-generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts. These optimized reaction conditions were then applied to the cyclization of a tripeptide and an arodyn analog resulting in ≥70% conversion to the desired cyclic peptides. These strategies should be applicable to RCM involving Tyr(All) and similar residues in peptide and peptidomimetic cyclizations performed on solid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon A. Gisemba
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jane V. Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Jacobson ML, Browne CA, Lucki I. Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonists as Potential Therapeutics for Stress-Related Disorders. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 60:615-636. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to stressful stimuli activates kappa opioid receptor (KOR) signaling, a process known to produce aversion and dysphoria in humans and other species. This endogenous opioid system is dysregulated in stress-related disorders, specifically in major depressive disorder (MDD). These findings serve as the foundation for a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of KOR antagonists as novel antidepressants. In this review, data supporting the hypothesis of dysregulated KOR function in MDD are considered. The clinical data demonstrating the therapeutic efficacy and safety of selective and mixed opioid antagonists are then presented. Finally, the preclinical evidence illustrating the induction of behaviors relevant to the endophenotypes of MDD and KOR antagonist activity in stress-naïve and stress-exposed animals is evaluated. Overall, this review highlights the emergent literature supporting the pursuit of KOR antagonists as novel therapeutics for MDD and other stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah L. Jacobson
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| | - Caroline A. Browne
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| | - Irwin Lucki
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
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Reed B, Butelman ER, Kreek MJ. Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonists as Potential Therapeutics for Mood and Substance Use Disorders. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 271:473-491. [PMID: 33174064 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and its primary cognate ligands, the dynorphin peptides, are involved in diverse physiological processes. Disruptions to the KOR/dynorphin system have been found to likely play a role in multiple neuropsychological disorders, and hence KOR has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. Targeting KOR is complicated by close homology to the mu and delta opioid receptors (MOR and DOR), and many KOR ligands have at least moderate affinity to MOR and/or DOR. Animal models utilizing primarily very long-lasting selective KOR antagonists (>3 weeks following a single dose) have demonstrated that KOR antagonism attenuates certain anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors and blocks stress- and cue-induced reinstatement to drug seeking. Recently, relatively selective KOR antagonists with medication-like pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and durations of action have been developed. One of these, JNJ-67953964 (also referred to as CERC-501, LY2456302, OpraKappa or Aticaprant) has been studied in humans, and shown to be safe, relatively KOR selective, and able to substantially attenuate binding of a KOR PET tracer to CNS localized KOR for greater than 24 h. While animal studies have indicated that compounds of this structural class are capable of normalizing withdrawal signs in animal models of cocaine and alcohol dependence and reducing cocaine and alcohol intake/seeking, additional studies are needed to determine the value of these second generation KOR antagonists in treating mood disorders and substance use disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Reed
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Eduardo R Butelman
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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Kibaly C, Xu C, Cahill CM, Evans CJ, Law PY. Non-nociceptive roles of opioids in the CNS: opioids' effects on neurogenesis, learning, memory and affect. Nat Rev Neurosci 2019; 20:5-18. [PMID: 30518959 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-018-0092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mortality due to opioid use has grown to the point where, for the first time in history, opioid-related deaths exceed those caused by car accidents in many states in the United States. Changes in the prescribing of opioids for pain and the illicit use of fentanyl (and derivatives) have contributed to the current epidemic. Less known is the impact of opioids on hippocampal neurogenesis, the functional manipulation of which may improve the deleterious effects of opioid use. We provide new insights into how the dysregulation of neurogenesis by opioids can modify learning and affect, mood and emotions, processes that have been well accepted to motivate addictive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherkaouia Kibaly
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Chi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Catherine M Cahill
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Evans
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ping-Yee Law
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Page S, Mavrikaki MM, Lintz T, Puttick D, Roberts E, Rosen H, Carroll FI, Carlezon WA, Chartoff EH. Behavioral Pharmacology of Novel Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonists in Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:735-745. [PMID: 31613314 PMCID: PMC7145521 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New treatments for stress-related disorders including depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder are greatly needed. Kappa opioid receptors are expressed in the central nervous system, including areas implicated in analgesia and affective state. Although kappa opioid receptor agonists share the antinociceptive effects of mu opioid receptor agonists, they also tend to produce negative affective states. In contrast, selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists have antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects, stimulating interest in their therapeutic potential. The prototypical kappa opioid receptor antagonists (e.g., norBNI, JDTic) have an exceptionally long duration of action that complicates their use in humans, particularly in tests to establish safety. This study was designed to test dose- and time-course effects of novel kappa opioid receptor antagonists with the goal of identifying short-acting lead compounds for future medication development. METHODS We screened 2 novel, highly selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists (CYM-52220 and CYM-52288) with oral efficacy in the warm water tail flick assay in rats to determine initial dose and time course effects. For comparison, we tested existing kappa opioid receptor antagonists JDTic and LY-2456302 (also known as CERC-501 or JNJ-67953964). RESULTS In the tail flick assay, the rank order of duration of action for the antagonists was LY-2456302 < CYM-52288 < CYM-52220 << JDTic. Furthermore, LY-2456302 blocked the depressive (anhedonia-producing) effects of the kappa opioid receptor agonist U50,488 in the intracranial self-stimulation paradigm, albeit at a higher dose than that needed for analgesic blockade in the tail flick assay. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that structurally diverse kappa opioid receptor antagonists can have short-acting effects and that LY-2456302 reduces anhedonia as measured in the intracranial self-stimulation test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Page
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - Maria M Mavrikaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - Tania Lintz
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - Daniel Puttick
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - Edward Roberts
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Hugh Rosen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - F Ivy Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - William A Carlezon
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - Elena H Chartoff
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC,Correspondence: Dr E. H. Chartoff, PhD, McLean Hospital, MRC 218, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 ()
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Schattauer SS, Bedini A, Summers F, Reilly-Treat A, Andrews MM, Land BB, Chavkin C. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is stimulated by κ opioid receptor activation through phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase and inhibited by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16884-16896. [PMID: 31575661 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by the Gi/o protein-coupled κ opioid receptor (KOR), μ opioid, and D2 dopamine receptors stimulates peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6)-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS production by KOR-inactivating antagonists norbinaltorphimine (norBNI) and JDTic blocks Gαi protein activation, but the signaling mechanisms and consequences of JNK activation by KOR agonists remain uncharacterized. Binding of arrestins to KOR causes desensitization of G protein signaling and acts as a scaffold to initiate MAPK activation. Here, we found that the KOR agonists U50,488 and dynorphin B stimulated biphasic JNK activation with an early arrestin-independent phase, requiring the small G protein RAC family small GTPase 1 (RAC1) and protein kinase C (PKC), and a later arrestin-scaffolded phase, requiring RAC1 and Ras homolog family member (RHO) kinase. JNK activation by U50,488 and dynorphin B also stimulated PRDX6-dependent ROS production but with an inverted U-shaped dose-response relationship. KOR agonist-induced ROS generation resulted from the early arrestin-independent phase of JNK activation, and this ROS response was suppressed by arrestin-dependent activation of the MAPK p38. The apparent balance between p38 MAPK and JNK/ROS signaling has important physiological implications for understanding of dynorphin activities during the stress response. To visualize these activities, we monitored KOR agonist-mediated activation of ROS in transfected live cells by two fluorescent sensors, CellROX Green and HyPerRed. These findings establish an important aspect of opioid receptor signaling and suggest that ROS induction may be part of the physiological response to KOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena S Schattauer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Andrea Bedini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Irnerio, 48-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Floyd Summers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Aiden Reilly-Treat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Mackenzie M Andrews
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington College of Engineering, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Benjamin B Land
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Charles Chavkin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Moreno-Rius J. The cerebellum under stress. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 54:100774. [PMID: 31348932 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stress-related psychiatric conditions are one of the main causes of disability in developed countries. They account for a large portion of resource investment in stress-related disorders, become chronic, and remain difficult to treat. Research on the neurobehavioral effects of stress reveals how changes in certain brain areas, mediated by a number of neurochemical messengers, markedly alter behavior. The cerebellum is connected with stress-related brain areas and expresses the machinery required to process stress-related neurochemical mediators. Surprisingly, it is not regarded as a substrate of stress-related behavioral alterations, despite numerous studies that show cerebellar responsivity to stress. Therefore, this review compiles those studies and proposes a hypothesis for cerebellar function in stressful conditions, relating it to stress-induced psychopathologies. It aims to provide a clearer picture of stress-related neural circuitry and stimulate cerebellum-stress research. Consequently, it might contribute to the development of improved treatment strategies for stress-related disorders.
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Kappa Opioid Receptors Drive a Tonic Aversive Component of Chronic Pain. J Neurosci 2019; 39:4162-4178. [PMID: 30862664 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0274-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a multidimensional experience and negative affect, or how much the pain is "bothersome", significantly impacts the sufferers' quality of life. It is well established that the κ opioid system contributes to depressive and dysphoric states, but whether this system contributes to the negative affect precipitated by the occurrence of chronic pain remains tenuous. Using a model of persistent pain, we show by quantitative real-time-PCR, florescence in situ hybridization, Western blotting and GTPgS autoradiography an upregulation of expression and the function of κ opioid receptors (KORs) and its endogenous ligand dynorphin in the mesolimbic circuitry in animals with chronic pain compared with surgical controls. Using in vivo microdialysis and microinjection of drugs into the mesolimbic dopamine system, we demonstrate that inhibiting KORs reinstates evoked dopamine release and reward-related behaviors in chronic pain animals. Chronic pain enhanced KOR agonist-induced place aversion in a sex-dependent manner. Using various place preference paradigms, we show that activation of KORs drives pain aversive states in male but not female mice. However, KOR antagonist treatment was effective in alleviating anxiogenic and depressive affective-like behaviors in both sexes. Finally, ablation of KORs from dopamine neurons using AAV-TH-cre in KORloxP mice prevented pain-induced aversive states as measured by place aversion assays. Our results strongly support the use of KOR antagonists as therapeutic adjuvants to alleviate the emotional, tonic-aversive component of chronic pain, which is argued to be the most significant component of the pain experience that impacts patients' quality of life.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We show that KORs are sufficient to drive the tonic-aversive component of chronic pain; the emotional component of pain that is argued to significantly impact a patient's quality of life. The impact of our study is broadly relevant to affective disorders associated with disruption of reward circuitry and thus likely contributes to many of the devastating sequelae of chronic pain, including the poor response to treatment of many patients, debilitating affective disorders (other disorders including anxiety and depression that demonstrate high comorbidity with chronic pain) and substance abuse. Indeed, coexisting psychopathology increases pain intensity, pain-related disability and effectiveness of treatments (Jamison and Edwards, 2013).
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Chavkin C, Cohen JH, Land BB. Repeated Administration of Norbinaltorphimine Produces Cumulative Kappa Opioid Receptor Inactivation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:88. [PMID: 30787880 PMCID: PMC6373456 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kappa receptor activation by dynorphins contributes to the anxiogenic, dysphoric, and cognitive disrupting effects of repeated stress, suggesting that kappa receptor antagonists might have therapeutic utility in the treatment of stress disorders. Three classes of kappa antagonists have been distinguished: non-selective, selective-competitive (readily reversible), and non-competitive (receptor-inactivating); however, which would be the most effective medication has not been established. To assess the utility of receptor inactivating antagonists, we tested the effects of a range of doses in both male and female mice. As previously established, the antinociceptive effects of the kappa agonist U50,488 were blocked by a single injection of the long-acting antagonist norbinatorphimine (norBNI) (10 mg/kg i.p.) in male mice. Ten to 20-fold lower doses of norBNI were ineffective after a single administration, but daily administration of 1.0 or 0.5 mg/kg for 5 days completely blocked U50,488 antinociceptive effects. Daily administration of 0.1 mg/kg norBNI produced slowly accumulating inhibition and completely blocked the antinociceptive effect of U50,488 after 20–30 days. Estrogen reduces female sensitivity to kappa opioid effects, but 30 days of 0.1 mg/kg norBNI completely blocked U50,488 analgesia in ovariectomized mice. Receptor inactivation in both male and female mice treated for 30 days with 0.1 mg/kg norBNI persisted for at least 1-week. These results suggest that receptor-inactivating kappa antagonists are effective in both males and females when given at 100-fold lower doses than typically administered in preclinical studies. The enhanced safety of this low-dosing protocol has important clinical implications if receptor inactivating kappa antagonists advance in medication development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Chavkin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Joshua H Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Benjamin B Land
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Placzek MS, Schroeder FA, Che T, Wey HY, Neelamegam R, Wang C, Roth BL, Hooker JM. Discrepancies in Kappa Opioid Agonist Binding Revealed through PET Imaging. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:384-395. [PMID: 30212182 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) modulation has been pursued in many conceptual frameworks for the treatment of human pain, depression, and anxiety. As such, several imaging tools have been developed to characterize the density of KORs in the human brain and its occupancy by exogenous drug-like compounds. While exploring the pharmacology of KOR tool compounds using positron emission tomography (PET), we observed discrepancies in the apparent competition binding as measured by changes in binding potential (BPND, binding potential with respect to non-displaceable uptake). This prompted us to systematically look at the relationships between baseline BPND maps for three common KOR PET radioligands, the antagonists [11C]LY2795050 and [11C]LY2459989, and the agonist [11C]GR103545. We then measured changes in BPND using kappa antagonists (naloxone, naltrexone, LY2795050, JDTic, nor-BNI), and found BPND was affected similarly between [11C]GR103545 and [11C]LY2459989. Longitudinal PET studies with nor-BNI and JDTic were also examined, and we observed a persistent decrease in [11C]GR103545 BPND up to 25 days after drug administration for both nor-BNI and JDTic. Kappa agonists were also administered, and butorphan and GR89696 (racemic GR103545) impacted binding to comparable levels between the two radiotracers. Of greatest significance, kappa agonists salvinorin A and U-50488 caused dramatic reductions in [11C]GR103545 BPND but did not change [11C]LY2459989 binding. This discrepancy was further examined in dose-response studies with each radiotracer as well as in vitro binding experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Placzek
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Frederick A. Schroeder
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Tao Che
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Hsiao-Ying Wey
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Ramesh Neelamegam
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Changning Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Jacob M. Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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Tosh D, Ciancetta A, Mannes P, Warnick E, Janowsky A, Eshleman AJ, Gizewski E, Brust TF, Bohn LM, Auchampach JA, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA. Repurposing of a Nucleoside Scaffold from Adenosine Receptor Agonists to Opioid Receptor Antagonists. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12658-12678. [PMID: 30411015 PMCID: PMC6210068 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While screening off-target effects of rigid (N)-methanocarba-adenosine 5'-methylamides as A3 adenosine receptor (AR) agonists, we discovered μM binding hits at the δ-opioid receptor (DOR) and translocator protein (TSPO). In an effort to increase OR and decrease AR affinity by structure activity analysis of this series, antagonist activity at κ-(K)OR appeared in 5'-esters (ethyl 24 and propyl 30), which retained TSPO interaction (μM). 7-Deaza modification of C2-(arylethynyl)-5'-esters but not 4'-truncation enhanced KOR affinity (MRS7299 28 and 29, K i ≈ 40 nM), revealed μ-OR and DOR binding, and reduced AR affinity. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations located a putative KOR binding mode consistent with the observed affinities, placing C7 in a hydrophobic region. 3-Deaza modification permitted TSPO but not OR binding, and 1-deaza was permissive to both; ribose-restored analogues were inactive at both. Thus, we have repurposed a known AR nucleoside scaffold for OR antagonism, with a detailed hypothesis for KOR recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip
K. Tosh
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Philip Mannes
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Eugene Warnick
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- VA
Portland Health Care System, Research Service (R&D-22), and Departments
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3710 S.W. U.S. Veterans Hospital Blvd., Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Amy J. Eshleman
- VA
Portland Health Care System, Research Service (R&D-22), and Departments
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3710 S.W. U.S. Veterans Hospital Blvd., Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Elizabeth Gizewski
- Department
of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Tarsis F. Brust
- Departments
of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United
States
| | - Laura M. Bohn
- Departments
of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United
States
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department
of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Lewicky JD, Martel AL, Fraleigh NL, Boraman A, Nguyen TMD, Schiller PW, Shiao TC, Roy R, Le HT. Strengthening peptide-based drug activity with novel glyconanoparticle. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204472. [PMID: 30260999 PMCID: PMC6160049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic application of peptide-based drugs is significantly limited by the rapid proteolytic degradation that occurs when in blood. Encapsulation of these peptide structures within a delivery system, such as liposomes, can greatly improve both stability and target delivery. As part of our work focused on novel ambiphilic mannosylated neoglycolipids as targeted drug delivery systems, we have developed a C14-alkyl-mannopyranoside that forms self-assembled monodisperse liposomes. Herein, these glycoliposomes are investigated as a potential method to improve the plasma stability of peptide-based drugs. Reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) methods were developed to assess the in vitro plasma stability of two structurally diverse peptides, including the kappa opioid receptor selective antagonist dynantin, and the NOD2 innate immune receptor ligand muramyl dipeptide (MDP). The RP-HPLC methods developed were able to resolve the peptides from background plasma contaminants and provided suitable response levels and linearity over an appropriate concentration range. Both compounds were found to be significantly degraded in rat plasma. Increasing degrees of both entrapment and stabilization were noted when dynantin was combined with the C14-alkyl-mannopyranoside in increasing peptide:glycoside ratios. The combination of MDP with the glycolipid also led to peptide entrapment, which greatly improved the plasma stability of the peptide. Overall, the results clearly indicate that the stability of peptide-based structures, which are subject to degradation in plasma, can be greatly improved via entrapment within C14-alkyl-mannopyranoside-bearing glycoliposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nya L. Fraleigh
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Boraman
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thi M.-D. Nguyen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter W. Schiller
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - René Roy
- Glycovax Pharma Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hoang-Thanh Le
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Medicinal Sciences Division, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Kormos CM, Ondachi PW, Runyon SP, Thomas JB, Mascarella SW, Decker AM, Navarro HA, Fennell TR, Snyder RW, Carroll FI. Potent and Selective Tetrahydroisoquinoline Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonists of Lead Compound (3 R)- N-[1 R)-1-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-2-methylpropyl]-7-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide (CDTic). J Med Chem 2018; 61:7546-7559. [PMID: 30032602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Animal pharmacological studies suggest that potent and selective κ opioid receptor antagonists have potential as pharmacotherapies targeting depression, anxiety, and substance abuse (opiates, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine). We recently reported lead compound 1 as a new class of κ opioid receptor antagonists with only one basic amine group. Analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro opioid receptor antagonist properties using a [35S]GTPγS binding assay. All analogues were pure opioid receptor antagonists with no agonist activity. Compounds 1, 8, 9, 13, and 14 ( Ke values 0.058-0.64 nM) are highly potent and highly selective for the κ relative to the μ and δ opioid receptors. Favorable calculated physiochemical properties were confirmed in rat PK studies, demonstrating brain penetration for selected compounds 1, 9, and 13. High κ opioid receptor potency and selectivity and highly favorable calculated physiochemical and PK properties for brain penetration suggest these compounds should be considered for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Kormos
- Research Triangle Institute , P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - Pauline W Ondachi
- Research Triangle Institute , P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - Scott P Runyon
- Research Triangle Institute , P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - James B Thomas
- Research Triangle Institute , P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - S Wayne Mascarella
- Research Triangle Institute , P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - Ann M Decker
- Research Triangle Institute , P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - Hernán A Navarro
- Research Triangle Institute , P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - Timothy R Fennell
- Research Triangle Institute , P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - Rodney W Snyder
- Research Triangle Institute , P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
| | - F Ivy Carroll
- Research Triangle Institute , P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709-2194 , United States
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Matzeu A, Martin-Fardon R. Drug Seeking and Relapse: New Evidence of a Role for Orexin and Dynorphin Co-transmission in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Thalamus. Front Neurol 2018; 9:720. [PMID: 30210441 PMCID: PMC6121102 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-lasting vulnerability to relapse remains the main challenge for the successful treatment of drug addiction. Neural systems that are involved in processing natural rewards and drugs of abuse overlap. However, neuroplasticity that is caused by drug exposure may be responsible for maladaptive, compulsive, and addictive behavior. The orexin (Orx) system participates in regulating numerous physiological processes, including energy metabolism, arousal, and feeding, and is recruited by drugs of abuse. The Orx system is differentially recruited by drugs and natural rewards. Specifically, we found that the Orx system is more engaged by drugs than by non-drugs, such as sweetened condensed milk (SCM) or a glucose saccharin solution (GSS), in an operant model of reward seeking. Although stimuli (S+) that are conditioned to cocaine (COC), ethanol, and SCM/GSS equally elicited reinstatement, Orx receptor blockade reversed conditioned reinstatement for drugs vs. non-drugs. Moreover, the hypothalamic recruitment of Orx cells was greater in rats that were tested with the COC S+ vs. SCM S+, indicating of a preferential role for the Orx system in perseverative, compulsive-like COC seeking and not behavior that is motivated by palatable food. Accumulating evidence indicates that the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), which receives major Orx projections, mediates drug-seeking behavior. All Orx neurons contain dynorphin (Dyn), and Orx and Dyn are co-released. In the VTA, they play opposing roles in reward and motivation. To fully understand the physiological and behavioral roles of Orx transmission in the PVT, one important consideration is that Orx neurons that project to the PVT may co-release Orx with another peptide, such as Dyn. The PVT expresses both Orx receptors and κ opioid receptors, suggesting that Orx and Dyn act in tandem when released in the PVT, in addition to the VTA. The present review discusses recent findings that suggest the maladaptive recruitment of Orx/Dyn-PVT neurotransmission by drugs of abuse vs. a highly palatable food reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Matzeu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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68
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Kappa-opioid antagonists as stress resilience medications for the treatment of alcohol use disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1803-1804. [PMID: 29752444 PMCID: PMC6046055 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Bailey S, Husbands S. Targeting opioid receptor signaling in depression: do we need selective κ opioid receptor antagonists? Neuronal Signal 2018; 2:NS20170145. [PMID: 32714584 PMCID: PMC7373229 DOI: 10.1042/ns20170145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The opioid receptors are a family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with close structural homology. The opioid receptors are activated by a variety of endogenous opioid neuropeptides, principally β-endorphin, dynorphins, leu- and met-enkephalins. The clinical potential of targeting opioid receptors has largely focused on the development of analgesics. However, more recent attention has turned to the role of central opioid receptors in the regulation of stress responses, anhedonia and mood. Activation of the κ opioid receptor (KOP) subtype has been shown in both human and rodent studies to produce dysphoric and pro-depressive like effects. This has led to the idea that selective KOP antagonists might have therapeutic potential as antidepressants. Here we review data showing that mixed μ opioid (MOP) and KOP antagonists have antidepressant-like effects in rodent behavioural paradigms and highlight comparable studies in treatment-resistant depressed patients. We propose that developing multifunctional ligands which target multiple opioid receptors open up the potential for fine-tuning hedonic responses mediated by opioids. This alternative approach towards targeting multiple opioid receptors may lead to more effective treatments for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Bailey
- Drug and Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Stephen M. Husbands
- Drug and Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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Cheng JX, Cheng T, Li WH, Liu GX, Zhu WL, Tang Y. Computational insights into the subtype selectivity and "message-address-efficacy" mechanisms of opioid receptors through JDTic binding and unbinding. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:482-491. [PMID: 29047460 PMCID: PMC5843831 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In drug design and discovery, binding affinity and selectivity are two basic properties of a drug candidate. Opioid receptors (ORs) are the main targets of strong analgesics. Like some other class A members of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), ORs exhibit complex selectivity on their ligands. The diversity of binding activity and selectivity among opioids has deeply attracted researchers for a long time. To investigate the subtype selectivity of μ, δ and κ ORs in detail, using the κ-selective antagonist JDTic as a probe, we performed a series of computational simulations, including molecular dynamics and metadynamics, on JDTic-μ/δ/κ-OR complexes. From the simulations, we found that the decisive factor of JDTic selectivity on the μ-subtype was the 2.63 position, which affected the efficacy of JDTic through changing the dynamics of the Q2.60 residue. In addition to the 2.63-position residue, the 7.35 position was the other crucial aspect of JDTic selectivity for the δ-subtype. Based on the results, we suggest a new concept, the "message-address-efficacy" hypothesis, to explain the relationships among the affinity, selectivity and function between ORs and opioids. Thus, all the detailed dynamics of JDTic-bound ORs might be helpful to deeply understand the subtype selectivity and binding mechanisms of other GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-xin Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei-hua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gui-xia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei-liang Zhu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Pujol CN, Paasche C, Laprevote V, Trojak B, Vidailhet P, Bacon E, Lalanne L. Cognitive effects of labeled addictolytic medications. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:306-332. [PMID: 28919445 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drug usage is pervasive throughout the world, and abuse of these substances is a major contributor to the global disease burden. Many pharmacotherapies have been developed over the last 50years to target addictive disorders. While the efficacy of these pharmacotherapies is largely recognized, their cognitive impact is less known. However, all substance abuse disorders are known to promote cognitive disorders like executive dysfunction and memory impairment. These impairments are critical for the maintenance of addictive behaviors and impede cognitive behavioral therapies that are regularly administered in association with pharmacotherapies. It is also unknown if addictolytic medications have an impact on preexisting cognitive disorders, and if this impact is modulated by the indication of prescription, i.e. abstinence, reduction or substitution, or by the specific action of the medication. METHOD We reviewed the cognitive effects of labeled medications for tobacco addiction (varenicline, bupropion, nicotine patch and nicotine gums), alcohol addiction (naltrexone, nalmefene, baclofen, disulfiram, sodium oxybate, acamprosate), and opioid addiction (methadone, buprenorphine) in human studies. Studies were selected following MOOSE guidelines for systematic reviews of observational studies, using the keywords [Cognition] and [Cognitive disorders] and [treatment] for each medication. RESULTS 971 articles were screened and 77 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reported in this review (for alcohol abuse, n=21, for tobacco n=22, for opioid n=34. However, very few comparative clinical trials have explored the chronic effects of addictolytic medications on cognition in addictive behaviors, and there are no clinical trials on the cognitive impact of nalmefene in patients suffering from alcohol use disorders. DISCUSSION Although some medications seem to enhance cognition in patients suffering from cognitive disorders, others could promote cognitive impairments, and our work highlights a lack of literature on this subject. In conclusion, more comparative clinical trials are needed to better understand the cognitive impact of addictolytic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Noélie Pujol
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute for Functional Genomics, INSERM U-661, CNRS UMR-5203, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Cecilia Paasche
- INSERM 1114, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Laprevote
- Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, Laxou, F-54520, France.; EA 7298, INGRES, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-, Nancy F-54000, France; CHU Nancy, Maison des Addictions, Nancy, F-54000, France.
| | - Benoit Trojak
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Hospital of Dijon, France; EA 4452, LPPM, University of Burgundy, France.
| | - Pierre Vidailhet
- INSERM 1114, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000 Strasbourg, France; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000 Strasbourg, France..
| | - Elisabeth Bacon
- INSERM 1114, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Laurence Lalanne
- INSERM 1114, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000 Strasbourg, France; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000 Strasbourg, France..
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of receptors in the human genome and some of the most common drug targets. It is now well established that GPCRs can signal through multiple transducers, including heterotrimeric G proteins, GPCR kinases and β-arrestins. While these signalling pathways can be activated or blocked by 'balanced' agonists or antagonists, they can also be selectively activated in a 'biased' response. Biased responses can be induced by biased ligands, biased receptors or system bias, any of which can result in preferential signalling through G proteins or β-arrestins. At many GPCRs, signalling events mediated by G proteins and β-arrestins have been shown to have distinct biochemical and physiological actions from one another, and an accurate evaluation of biased signalling from pharmacology through physiology is crucial for preclinical drug development. Recent structural studies have provided snapshots of GPCR-transducer complexes, which should aid in the structure-based design of novel biased therapies. Our understanding of GPCRs has evolved from that of two-state, on-and-off switches to that of multistate allosteric microprocessors, in which biased ligands transmit distinct structural information that is processed into distinct biological outputs. The development of biased ligands as therapeutics heralds an era of increased drug efficacy with reduced drug side effects.
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Abstract
The dynorphin/κ-opioid receptor (KOR) system has been previously implicated in the regulation of cognition, but the neural circuitry and molecular mechanisms underlying KOR-mediated cognitive disruption are unknown. Here, we used an operational test of cognition involving timing and behavioral inhibition and found that systemic KOR activation impairs performance of male and female C57BL/6 mice in the differential reinforcement of low response rate (DRL) task. Systemic KOR antagonism also blocked stress-induced disruptions of DRL performance. KOR activation increased 'bursts' of incorrect responses in the DRL task and increased marble burying, suggesting that the observed disruptions in DRL performance may be attributed to KOR-induced increases in compulsive behavior. Local inactivation of KOR by injection of the long-acting antagonist nor-BNI in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), but not the infralimbic prefrontal cortex (PFC) or dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), prevented disruption of DRL performance caused by systemic KOR activation. Cre-dependent genetic excision of KOR from dopaminergic, but not serotonergic neurons, also blocked KOR-mediated disruption of DRL performance. At the molecular level, we found that these disruptive effects did not require arrestin-dependent signaling, because neither global deletion of G-protein receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) nor cell-specific deletion of GRK3/arrestin-dependent p38α MAPK from dopamine neurons blocked KOR-mediated DRL disruptions. We then showed that nalfurafine, a clinically available G-biased KOR agonist, could also produce DRL disruptions. Together, these studies demonstrate that KOR activation in VTA dopamine neurons disrupts behavioral inhibition in a GRK3/arrestin-independent manner and suggests that KOR antagonists could be beneficial for decreasing stress-induced compulsive behaviors.
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Callaghan CK, Rouine J, O'Mara SM. Potential roles for opioid receptors in motivation and major depressive disorder. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 239:89-119. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Fang WJ, Murray TF, Aldrich JV. Design, synthesis, and opioid activity of arodyn analogs cyclized by ring-closing metathesis involving Tyr(allyl). Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:1157-1161. [PMID: 29273415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Kappa (κ) opioid receptor selective antagonists are useful pharmacological tools in studying κ opioid receptors and have potential to be used as therapeutic agents for the treatment of a variety of diseases including mood disorders and drug addiction. Arodyn (Ac[Phe1-3,Arg4,d-Ala8]Dyn A-(1-11)NH2) is a linear acetylated dynorphin A (Dyn A) analog that is a potent and selective κ opioid receptor antagonist (Bennett et al. J Med Chem 2002;45:5617-5619) and prevents stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior following central administration (Carey et al. Eur J Pharmacol 2007;569:84-89). To restrict its conformational mobility, explore possible bioactive conformations and potentially increase its metabolic stability we synthesized cyclic arodyn analogs on solid phase utilizing a novel ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reaction involving allyl-protected Tyr (Tyr(All)) residues. This approach preserves the aromatic functionality and directly constrains the side chains of one or more of the Phe residues. The novel cyclic arodyn analog 4 cyclized between Tyr(All) residues incorporated in positions 2 and 3 exhibited potent κ opioid receptor antagonism in the [35S]GTPγS assay (KB = 3.2 nM) similar to arodyn. Analog 3 cyclized between Tyr(All) residues in positions 1 and 2 also exhibited nanomolar κ opioid receptor antagonist potency (KB = 27.5 nM) in this assay. These are the first opioid peptides cyclized via RCM involving aromatic residues, and given their promising pharmacological activity represent novel lead peptides for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Thomas F Murray
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Jane V Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Almatroudi A, Ostovar M, Bailey CP, Husbands SM, Bailey SJ. Antidepressant-like effects of BU10119, a novel buprenorphine analogue with mixed κ/μ receptor antagonist properties, in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:2869-2880. [PMID: 28967123 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The κ receptor antagonists have potential for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. We have investigated the in vivo pharmacology of a novel buprenorphine analogue, BU10119, for the first time. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH To determine the opioid pharmacology of BU10119 (0.3-3 mg·kg-1 , i.p.) in vivo, the warm-water tail-withdrawal assay was applied in adult male CD1 mice. A range of behavioural paradigms was used to investigate the locomotor effects, rewarding properties and antidepressant or anxiolytic potential of BU10119. Additional groups of mice were exposed to a single (1 × 2 h) or repeated restraint stress (3× daily 2 h) to determine the ability of BU10119 to block stress-induced analgesia. KEY RESULTS BU10119 alone was without any antinociceptive activity. BU10119 (1 mg·kg-1 ) was able to block U50,488, buprenorphine and morphine-induced antinociception. The κ antagonist effects of BU10119 in the tail-withdrawal assay reversed between 24 and 48 h. BU10119 was without significant locomotor or rewarding effects. BU10119 (1 mg·kg-1 ) significantly reduced the latency to feed in the novelty-induced hypophagia task and reduced immobility time in the forced swim test, compared to saline-treated animals. There were no significant effects of BU10119 in either the elevated plus maze or the light-dark box. Both acute and repeated restraint stress-induced analgesia were blocked by pretreatment with BU10119 (1 mg·kg-1 ). Parallel stress-induced increases in plasma corticosterone were not affected. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS BU10119 is a mixed κ/μ receptor antagonist with relatively short-duration κ antagonist activity. Based on these preclinical data, BU10119 has therapeutic potential for the treatment of depression and other stress-induced conditions. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Emerging Areas of Opioid Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrnoosh Ostovar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | | | - Sarah J Bailey
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Helal MA, Habib ES, Chittiboyina AG. Selective kappa opioid antagonists for treatment of addiction, are we there yet? Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:632-647. [PMID: 29107424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kappa opioid receptor (KOP) is a G-protein coupled receptor mainly expressed in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus. It is implicated in nociception, diuresis, emotion, cognition, and immune system functions. KOP agonists possess a strong analgesic effect accompanied by a feeling of dysphoria. On the other hand, antagonists of this receptor were found to block depression, anxiety, and drug-seeking behaviors in animal models. Recently, great interest has been given to the development of selective KOP antagonists as an addiction treatment that does not cause dependence itself or show high relapse rates like the currently used agents. This review provides a comprehensive survey of the KOP antagonists developed for this purpose together with their in vivo studies and clinical trials. In addition, a future perspective and recommendations for the work needed to develop clinically relevant KOP antagonists are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Helal
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12588, Egypt; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Eman S Habib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Schattauer SS, Land BB, Reichard KL, Abraham AD, Burgeno LM, Kuhar JR, Phillips PEM, Ong SE, Chavkin C. Peroxiredoxin 6 mediates Gαi protein-coupled receptor inactivation by cJun kinase. Nat Commun 2017; 8:743. [PMID: 28963507 PMCID: PMC5622097 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of opioid receptors limits the therapeutic efficacy of morphine-like analgesics and mediates the long duration of kappa opioid antidepressants by an uncharacterized, arrestin-independent mechanism. Here we use an iterative, discovery-based proteomic approach to show that following opioid administration, peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is recruited to the opioid receptor complex by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. PRDX6 activation generates reactive oxygen species via NADPH oxidase, reducing the palmitoylation of receptor-associated Gαi in a JNK-dependent manner. Selective inhibition of PRDX6 blocks Gαi depalmitoylation, prevents the enhanced receptor G-protein association and blocks acute analgesic tolerance to morphine and kappa opioid receptor inactivation in vivo. Opioid stimulation of JNK also inactivates dopamine D2 receptors in a PRDX6-dependent manner. We show that the loss of this lipid modification distorts the receptor G-protein association, thereby preventing agonist-induced guanine nucleotide exchange. These findings establish JNK-dependent PRDX6 recruitment and oxidation-induced Gαi depalmitoylation as an additional mechanism of Gαi-G-protein-coupled receptor inactivation. Opioid receptors are important modulators of nociceptive pain. Here the authors show that opioid receptor activation recruits peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) to the receptor-Gαi complex by c-Jun N-terminal kinase, resulting in Gαi depalmitoylation and enhanced receptor-Gαi association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena S Schattauer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Benjamin B Land
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kathryn L Reichard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Antony D Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lauren M Burgeno
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jamie R Kuhar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Paul E M Phillips
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Shao En Ong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Charles Chavkin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Erli F, Guerrieri E, Ben Haddou T, Lantero A, Mairegger M, Schmidhammer H, Spetea M. Highly Potent and Selective New Diphenethylamines Interacting with the κ-Opioid Receptor: Synthesis, Pharmacology, and Structure-Activity Relationships. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7579-7590. [PMID: 28825813 PMCID: PMC5601360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported on a series of small molecules targeting the κ-opioid (KOP) receptor featuring a diphenethylamine scaffold and showed the promise of these ligands as effective analgesics with reduced liability for adverse effects. This study expands the structure-activity relationships on our original series by presenting several modifications in the lead compounds 1 (HS665) and 2 (HS666). A library of new diphenethylamines was designed, synthesized, and pharmacologically evaluated. In comparison with 1 and 2, the KOP receptor affinity, selectivity, and agonist activity were modulated by introducing bulkier N-substituents, a 2-fluoro substitution, and additional hydroxyl groups at positions 3' and 4'. Several analogues showed subnanomolar affinity and excellent KOP receptor selectivity acting as full or partial agonists, and one as an antagonist. The new diphenethylamines displayed antinociceptive efficacies with increased potencies than U50,488, 1 and 2 in the writhing assay and without inducing motor dysfunction after sc administration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Erli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elena Guerrieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tanila Ben Haddou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Aquilino Lantero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Mairegger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helmut Schmidhammer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariana Spetea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Spetea M, Eans SO, Ganno ML, Lantero A, Mairegger M, Toll L, Schmidhammer H, McLaughlin JP. Selective κ receptor partial agonist HS666 produces potent antinociception without inducing aversion after i.c.v. administration in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2444-2456. [PMID: 28494108 PMCID: PMC5513865 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The κ receptor has a central role in modulating neurotransmission in central and peripheral neuronal circuits that subserve pain and other behavioural responses. Although κ receptor agonists do not produce euphoria or lead to respiratory suppression, they induce dysphoria and sedation. We hypothesized that brain-penetrant κ receptor ligands possessing biased agonism towards G protein signalling over β-arrestin2 recruitment would produce robust antinociception with fewer associated liabilities. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Two new diphenethylamines with high κ receptor selectivity, HS665 and HS666, were assessed following i.c.v. administration in mouse assays of antinociception with the 55°C warm-water tail withdrawal test, locomotor activity in the rotorod and conditioned place preference. The [35 S]-GTPγS binding and β-arrestin2 recruitment in vitro assays were used to characterize biased agonism. KEY RESULTS HS665 (κ receptor agonist) and HS666 (κ receptor partial agonist) demonstrated dose-dependent antinociception after i.c.v. administration mediated by the κ receptor. These highly selective κ receptor ligands displayed varying biased signalling towards G protein coupling in vitro, consistent with a reduced liability profile, reflected by reduced sedation and absence of conditioned place aversion for HS666. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS HS665 and HS666 activate central κ receptors to produce potent antinociception, with HS666 displaying pharmacological characteristics of a κ receptor analgesic with reduced liability for aversive effects correlating with its low efficacy in the β-arrestin2 signalling pathway. Our data provide further understanding of the contribution of central κ receptors in pain suppression, and the prospect of dissociating the antinociceptive effects of HS665 and HS666 from κ receptor-mediated adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Spetea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular StudiesPort St. LucieFLUSA
| | - Shainnel O Eans
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular StudiesPort St. LucieFLUSA
- Department of PharmacodynamicsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | | | - Aquilino Lantero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Michael Mairegger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Lawrence Toll
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular StudiesPort St. LucieFLUSA
| | - Helmut Schmidhammer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Jay P McLaughlin
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular StudiesPort St. LucieFLUSA
- Department of PharmacodynamicsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
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Effects of Chronic Social Defeat Stress on Sleep and Circadian Rhythms Are Mitigated by Kappa-Opioid Receptor Antagonism. J Neurosci 2017; 37:7656-7668. [PMID: 28674176 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0885-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress plays a critical role in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders. Sleep and circadian rhythms are affected in many of these conditions. Here we examined the effects of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), an ethological form of stress, on sleep and circadian rhythms. We exposed male mice implanted with wireless telemetry transmitters to a 10 day CSDS regimen known to produce anhedonia (a depressive-like effect) and social avoidance (an anxiety-like effect). EEG, EMG, body temperature, and locomotor activity data were collected continuously during the CSDS regimen and a 5 day recovery period. CSDS affected numerous endpoints, including paradoxical sleep (PS) and slow-wave sleep (SWS), as well as the circadian rhythmicity of body temperature and locomotor activity. The magnitude of the effects increased with repeated stress, and some changes (PS bouts, SWS time, body temperature, locomotor activity) persisted after the CSDS regimen had ended. CSDS also altered mRNA levels of the circadian rhythm-related gene mPer2 within brain areas that regulate motivation and emotion. Administration of the κ-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist JDTic (30 mg/kg, i.p.) before CSDS reduced stress effects on both sleep and circadian rhythms, or hastened their recovery, and attenuated changes in mPer2 Our findings show that CSDS produces persistent disruptions in sleep and circadian rhythmicity, mimicking attributes of stress-related conditions as they appear in humans. The ability of KOR antagonists to mitigate these disruptions is consistent with previously reported antistress effects. Studying homologous endpoints across species may facilitate the development of improved treatments for psychiatric illness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Stress plays a critical role in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders. We show that chronic social defeat stress in mice produces progressive alterations in sleep and circadian rhythms that resemble features of depression as it appears in humans. Whereas some of these alterations recover quickly upon cessation of stress, others persist. Administration of a kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist reduced stress effects or hastened recovery, consistent with the previously reported antistress effects of this class of agents. Use of endpoints, such as sleep and circadian rhythm, that are homologous across species will facilitate the implementation of translational studies that better predict clinical outcomes in humans, improve the success of clinical trials, and facilitate the development of more effective therapeutics.
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82
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Rakesh G, Pae CU, Masand PS. Beyond serotonin: newer antidepressants in the future. Expert Rev Neurother 2017; 17:777-790. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1341310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gopalkumar Rakesh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chi-Un Pae
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash S. Masand
- Academic Medicine Education Institute, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Global Medical Education, New York, NY, USA
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83
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Xie JY, De Felice M, Kopruszinski CM, Eyde N, LaVigne J, Remeniuk B, Hernandez P, Yue X, Goshima N, Ossipov M, King T, Streicher JM, Navratilova E, Dodick D, Rosen H, Roberts E, Porreca F. Kappa opioid receptor antagonists: A possible new class of therapeutics for migraine prevention. Cephalalgia 2017; 37:780-794. [PMID: 28376659 DOI: 10.1177/0333102417702120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Stress is the most commonly reported migraine trigger. Dynorphin, an endogenous opioid peptide acting preferentially at kappa opioid receptors (KORs), is a key mediator of stress responses. The aim of this study was to use an injury-free rat model of functional cephalic pain with features of migraine and medication overuse headache (MOH) to test the possible preventive benefit of KOR blockade on stress-induced cephalic pain. Methods Following sumatriptan priming to model MOH, rats were hyper-responsive to environmental stress, demonstrating delayed cephalic and extracephalic allodynia and increased levels of CGRP in the jugular blood, consistent with commonly observed clinical outcomes during migraine. Nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI), a long-acting KOR antagonist or CYM51317, a novel short-acting KOR antagonist, were given systemically either during sumatriptan priming or immediately before environmental stress challenge. The effects of KOR blockade in the amygdala on stress-induced allodynia was determined by administration of nor-BNI into the right or left central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Results KOR blockade prevented both stress-induced allodynia and increased plasma CGRP. Stress increased dynorphin content and phosphorylated KOR in both the left and right CeA in sumatriptan-primed rats. However, KOR blockade only in the right CeA prevented stress-induced cephalic allodynia as well as extracephalic allodynia, measured in either the right or left hindpaws. U69,593, a KOR agonist, given into the right, but not the left, CeA, produced allodynia selectively in sumatriptan-primed rats. Both stress and U69,593-induced allodynia were prevented by right CeA U0126, a mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, presumably acting downstream of KOR. Conclusions Our data reveal a novel lateralized KOR circuit that mediated stress-induced cutaneous allodynia and increased plasma CGRP in an injury-free model of functional cephalic pain with features of migraine and medication overuse headache. Selective, small molecule, orally available, and reversible KOR antagonists are currently in development and may represent a novel class of preventive therapeutics for migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y Xie
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Milena De Felice
- 2 School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Caroline M Kopruszinski
- 3 Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Section, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Nathan Eyde
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Justin LaVigne
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Bethany Remeniuk
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pablo Hernandez
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xu Yue
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Naomi Goshima
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael Ossipov
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tamara King
- 4 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - John M Streicher
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Edita Navratilova
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Hugh Rosen
- 6 Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ed Roberts
- 6 Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Frank Porreca
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,5 Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ USA
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Zheng Z, Huang XP, Mangano TJ, Zou R, Chen X, Zaidi SA, Roth BL, Stevens RC, Katritch V. Structure-Based Discovery of New Antagonist and Biased Agonist Chemotypes for the Kappa Opioid Receptor. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3070-3081. [PMID: 28339199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing epidemics of opioid overdose raises an urgent need for effective antiaddiction therapies and addiction-free painkillers. The κ-opioid receptor (KOR) has emerged as a promising target for both indications, raising demand for new chemotypes of KOR antagonists as well as G-protein-biased agonists. We employed the crystal structure of the KOR-JDTic complex and ligand-optimized structural templates to perform virtual screening of available compound libraries for new KOR ligands. The prospective virtual screening campaign yielded a high 32% hit rate, identifying novel fragment-like and lead-like chemotypes of KOR ligands. A round of optimization resulted in 11 new submicromolar KOR binders (best Ki = 90 nM). Functional assessment confirmed at least two compounds as potent KOR antagonists, while compound 81 was identified as a potent Gi biased agonist for KOR with minimal β-arrestin recruitment. These results support virtual screening as an effective tool for discovery of new lead chemotypes with therapeutically relevant functional profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Saheem A Zaidi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | | - Raymond C Stevens
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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Babcock J, Herrera A, Coricor G, Karch C, Liu AH, Rivera-Gines A, Ko JL. Mechanism Governing Human Kappa-Opioid Receptor Expression under Desferrioxamine-Induced Hypoxic Mimic Condition in Neuronal NMB Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010211. [PMID: 28117678 PMCID: PMC5297840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular adaptation to hypoxia is a protective mechanism for neurons and relevant to cancer. Treatment with desferrioxamine (DFO) to induce hypoxia reduced the viability of human neuronal NMB cells. Surviving/attached cells exhibited profound increases of expression of the human kappa-opioid receptor (hKOR) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). The functional relationship between hKOR and HIF-1α was investigated using RT-PCR, Western blot, luciferase reporter, mutagenesis, siRNA and receptor-ligand binding assays. In surviving neurons, DFO increased HIF-1α expression and its amount in the nucleus. DFO also dramatically increased hKOR expression. Two (designated as HIFC and D) out of four potential HIF response elements of the hKOR gene (HIFA-D) synergistically mediated the DFO response. Mutation of both elements completely abolished the DFO-induced effect. The CD11 plasmid (containing HIFC and D with an 11 bp spacing) produced greater augmentation than that of the CD17 plasmid (HIFC and D with a 17 bp-spacing), suggesting that a proper topological interaction of these elements synergistically enhanced the promoter activity. HIF-1α siRNA knocked down the increase of endogenous HIF-1α messages and diminished the DFO-induced increase of hKOR expression. Increased hKOR expression resulted in the up-regulation of hKOR protein. In conclusion, the adaptation of neuronal hKOR under hypoxia was governed by HIF-1, revealing a new mechanism of hKOR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Babcock
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
| | - Alberto Herrera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
| | - George Coricor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
| | - Christopher Karch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
| | - Alexander H Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
| | - Aida Rivera-Gines
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
| | - Jane L Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
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Cai Z, Li S, Pracitto R, Navarro A, Shirali A, Ropchan J, Huang Y. Fluorine-18-Labeled Antagonist for PET Imaging of Kappa Opioid Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:12-16. [PMID: 27741398 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonists are potential drug candidates for diseases such as treatment-refractory depression, anxiety, and addictive disorders. PET imaging radiotracers for KOR can be used in occupancy study to facilitate drug development, and to investigate the roles of KOR in health and diseases. We have previously developed two 11C-labeled antagonist radiotracers with high affinity and selectivity toward KOR. What is limiting their wide applications is the short half-life of 11C. Herein, we report the synthesis of a first 18F-labeled KOR antagonist radiotracer and the initial PET imaging study in a nonhuman primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Cai
- PET
Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Songye Li
- PET
Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Richard Pracitto
- PET
Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Antonio Navarro
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Anupama Shirali
- PET
Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jim Ropchan
- PET
Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET
Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Hauser KF, Knapp PE. Opiate Drugs with Abuse Liability Hijack the Endogenous Opioid System to Disrupt Neuronal and Glial Maturation in the Central Nervous System. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:294. [PMID: 29410949 PMCID: PMC5787058 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The endogenous opioid system, comprised of multiple opioid neuropeptide and receptor gene families, is highly expressed by developing neural cells and can significantly influence neuronal and glial maturation. In many central nervous system (CNS) regions, the expression of opioid peptides and receptors occurs only transiently during development, effectively disappearing with subsequent maturation only to reemerge under pathologic conditions, such as with inflammation or injury. Opiate drugs with abuse liability act to modify growth and development by mimicking the actions of endogenous opioids. Although typically mediated by μ-opioid receptors, opiate drugs can also act through δ- and κ-opioid receptors to modulate growth in a cell-type, region-specific, and developmentally regulated manner. Opioids act as biological response modifiers and their actions are highly contextual, plastic, modifiable, and influenced by other physiological processes or pathophysiological conditions, such as neuro-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. To date, most studies have considered the acute effects of opiates on cellular maturation. For example, activating opioid receptors typically results in acute growth inhibition in both neurons and glia. However, with sustained opioid exposure, compensatory factors become operative, a concept that has been largely overlooked during CNS maturation. Accordingly, this article surveys prior studies on the effects of opiates on CNS maturation, and also suggests new directions for future research in this area. Identifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptive responses to chronic opiate exposure (e.g., tolerance) during maturation is crucial toward understanding the consequences of perinatal opiate exposure on the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt F Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Pamela E Knapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
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88
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Taylor GT, Manzella F. Kappa Opioids, Salvinorin A and Major Depressive Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:165-76. [PMID: 26903446 PMCID: PMC4825947 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150727220944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are traditionally associated with pain, analgesia and drug abuse. It is now clear,
however, that the opioids are central players in mood. The implications for mood disorders, particularly
clinical depression, suggest a paradigm shift from the monoamine neurotransmitters to the opioids either
alone or in interaction with monoamine neurons. We have a special interest in dynorphin, the last of
the major endogenous opioids to be isolated and identified. Dynorphin is derived from the Greek word
for power, dynamis, which hints at the expectation that the neuropeptide held for its discoverers. Yet,
dynorphin and its opioid receptor subtype, kappa, has always taken a backseat to the endogenous b-endorphin and the
exogenous morphine that both bind the mu opioid receptor subtype. That may be changing as the dynorphin/ kappa system
has been shown to have different, often opposite, neurophysiological and behavioral influences. This includes major
depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we have undertaken a review of dynorphin/ kappa neurobiology as related to behaviors,
especially MDD. Highlights include the unique features of dynorphin and kappa receptors and the special relation of a
plant-based agonist of the kappa receptor salvinorin A. In addition to acting as a kappa opioid agonist, we conclude that
salvinorin A has a complex pharmacologic profile, with potential additional mechanisms of action. Its unique neurophysiological
effects make Salvinorina A an ideal candidate for MDD treatment research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Manzella
- Behavioral Neuroscience/ Psychology Univ. Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63121 USA.
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89
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Ramos-Colon CN, Lee YS, Remesic M, Hall SM, LaVigne J, Davis P, Sandweiss AJ, McIntosh MI, Hanson J, Largent-Milnes TM, Vanderah TW, Streicher J, Porreca F, Hruby VJ. Structure-Activity Relationships of [des-Arg 7]Dynorphin A Analogues at the κ Opioid Receptor. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10291-10298. [PMID: 27797517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dynorphin A (Dyn A) is an endogenous ligand for the opioid receptors with preference for the κ opioid receptor (KOR), and its structure-activity relationship (SAR) has been extensively studied at the KOR to develop selective potent agonists and antagonists. Numerous SAR studies have revealed that the Arg7 residue is essential for KOR activity. In contrast, our systematic SAR studies on [des-Arg7]Dyn A analogues found that Arg7 is not a key residue and even deletion of the residue does not affect biological activities at the KOR. In addition, it was also found that [des-Arg7]Dyn A(1-9)-NH2 is a minimum pharmacophore and its modification at the N-terminus leads to selective KOR antagonists. A lead ligand, 14, with high affinity and antagonist activity showed improved metabolic stability and could block antinociceptive effects of a KOR selective agonist, FE200665, in vivo, indicating high potential to treat KOR mediated disorders such as stress-induced relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyf N Ramos-Colon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Yeon Sun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Michael Remesic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Sara M Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Justin LaVigne
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Peg Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Alexander J Sandweiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Mary I McIntosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jessica Hanson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Tally M Largent-Milnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Todd W Vanderah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - John Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Victor J Hruby
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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90
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Carlezon WA, Krystal AD. Kappa-Opioid Antagonists for Psychiatric Disorders: From Bench to Clinical Trials. Depress Anxiety 2016; 33:895-906. [PMID: 27699938 PMCID: PMC5288841 DOI: 10.1002/da.22500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonists are currently being considered for the treatment of a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions, including depressive, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders. A general ability to mitigate the effects of stress, which can trigger or exacerbate these conditions, may explain their putative efficacy across such a broad array of conditions. The discovery of their potentially therapeutic effects evolved from preclinical research designed to characterize the molecular mechanisms by which experience causes neuroadaptations in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a key element of brain reward circuitry. This research established that exposure to drugs of abuse or stress increases the activity of the transcription factor CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) in the NAc, which leads to elevated expression of the opioid peptide dynorphin that in turn causes core signs of depressive- and anxiety-related disorders. Disruption of KORs-the endogenous receptors for dynorphin-produces antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like actions in screening procedures that identify standard drugs of these classes, and reduces stress effects in tests used to study addiction and stress-related disorders. Although interest in this target is high, prototypical KOR antagonists have extraordinarily persistent pharmacodynamic effects that complicate clinical trials. The development of shorter acting KOR antagonists together with more rapid designs for clinical trials may soon provide insight on whether these drugs are efficacious as would be predicted by preclinical work. If successful, KOR antagonists would represent a unique example in psychiatry where the therapeutic mechanism of a drug class is understood before it is shown to be efficacious in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Carlezon
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont MA
| | - Andrew D. Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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91
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Schmitt S, Delamare J, Tirel O, Fillesoye F, Dhilly M, Perrio C. N-[ 18F]-FluoropropylJDTic for κ-opioid receptor PET imaging: Radiosynthesis, pre-clinical evaluation, and metabolic investigation in comparison with parent JDTic. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 44:50-61. [PMID: 27821345 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To image kappa opioid receptor (KOR) for preclinical studies, N-fluoropropylJDTic 9 derived from the best-established KOR antagonist JDTic, was labeled with fluorine-18. METHODS Radiosynthesis of [18F]9 was achieved according to an automated two-step procedure from [18F]-fluoride. Peripheral and cerebral distributions were determined by ex vivo experiments and by PET imaging in mouse. Radiometabolism studies were performed both in vivo in mice and in vitro in mouse and human liver microsomes. Identification of the major metabolic fragmentations was carried out by UPLC-MS analysis of enzymatic cleavage of non-radioactive ligand 9. Microsomal metabolic degradation of parent JDTic was also achieved for comparison. RESULTS The radiotracer [18F]9 was produced after 140±5min total synthesis time (2.2±0.4% not decay corrected radiochemical yield) with a specific activity of 41-89GBq/μmol (1.1-2.4Ci/μmol). Peripheral and regional brain distributions of [18F]9 were consistent with known KOR locations but no significant specific binding in brain was shown. [18F]9 presented a typical hepatobiliary and renal elimination, and was rapidly metabolized. The in vivo and in vitro radiometabolic profiles of [18F]9 were similar. Piperidine 12 was identified as the major metabolic fragment of the non-radioactive ligand 9. JDTic 7 was found to be much more stable than 9. CONCLUSION Although the newly proposed radioligand [18F]9 was concluded to be not suitable for KOR PET imaging due to the formation of brain penetrating radiometabolites, our findings highlight the metabolic stability of JDTic and may help in the design of novel JDTic derivatives for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Schmitt
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, UMR6301-ISTCT, LDM-TEP, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Delamare
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, UMR6301-ISTCT, LDM-TEP, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Olivier Tirel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, UMR6301-ISTCT, LDM-TEP, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Fabien Fillesoye
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, UMR6301-ISTCT, LDM-TEP, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Martine Dhilly
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, UMR6301-ISTCT, LDM-TEP, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Cécile Perrio
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, UMR6301-ISTCT, LDM-TEP, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000, Caen, France.
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92
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Van't Veer A, Smith KL, Cohen BM, Carlezon WA, Bechtholt AJ. Kappa-opioid receptors differentially regulate low and high levels of ethanol intake in female mice. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00523. [PMID: 27688945 PMCID: PMC5036438 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies in laboratory animals and humans indicate that endogenous opioids play an important role in regulating the rewarding value of various drugs, including ethanol (EtOH). Indeed, opioid antagonists are currently a front-line treatment for alcoholism in humans. Although roles for mu- and delta-opioid receptors have been characterized, the contribution of kappa-opioid receptors (KORs) is less clear. There is evidence that changes in KOR system function can decrease or increase EtOH drinking, depending on test conditions. For example, female mice lacking preprodynorphin - the precursor to the endogenous KOR ligand dynorphin - have reduced EtOH intake. Considering that KORs can regulate dopamine (DA) transmission, we hypothesized that KORs expressed on DA neurons would play a prominent role in EtOH intake in females. METHODS We used a Cre/loxP recombination strategy to ablate KORs throughout the body or specifically on dopamine uptake transporter (DAT)-expressing neurons to investigate the role of KORs on preference for and intake of EtOH (2-bottle choice), the transition from moderate to excessive EtOH drinking (intermittent EtOH access), and binge EtOH drinking (drinking in the dark [DID]). RESULTS KOR deletion decreased preference for EtOH, although this effect was less pronounced when EtOH intake increased beyond relatively low levels. DISCUSSION Our findings indicate that KOR activation increases EtOH drinking via effects mediated, at least in part, by KORs on DA neurons. While the mechanisms of this regulation remain unknown, previous work suggests that alterations in negative reinforcement processes or sensitivity to the sensory properties of EtOH can affect preference and intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee Van't Veer
- Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School McLean Hospital Belmont MA USA; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Karen L Smith
- Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School McLean Hospital Belmont MA USA
| | - Bruce M Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School McLean Hospital Belmont MA USA
| | - William A Carlezon
- Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School McLean Hospital Belmont MA USA
| | - Anita J Bechtholt
- Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School McLean Hospital Belmont MA USA; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
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93
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Guerrieri E, Bermudez M, Wolber G, Berzetei-Gurske IP, Schmidhammer H, Spetea M. Structural determinants of diphenethylamines for interaction with the κ opioid receptor: Synthesis, pharmacology and molecular modeling studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4769-4774. [PMID: 27567368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The κ opioid (KOP) receptor crystal structure in an inactive state offers nowadays a valuable platform for inquiry into receptor function. We describe the synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and docking calculations of KOP receptor ligands from the class of diphenethylamines using an active-like structure of the KOP receptor attained by molecular dynamics simulations. The structure-activity relationships derived from computational studies was in accordance with pharmacological activities of targeted diphenethylamines at the KOP receptor established by competition binding and G protein activation in vitro assays. Our analysis identified that agonist binding results in breaking of the Arg156-Thr273 hydrogen bond, which stabilizes the inactive receptor conformation, and a crucial hydrogen bond with His291 is formed. Compounds with a phenolic 4-hydroxy group do not form the hydrogen bond with His291, an important residue for KOP affinity and agonist activity. The size of the N-substituent hosted by the hydrophobic pocket formed by Val108, Ile316 and Tyr320 considerably influences binding and selectivity, with the n-alkyl size limit being five carbon atoms, while bulky substituents turn KOP agonists in antagonists. Thus, combination of experimental and molecular modeling strategies provides an initial framework for understanding the structural features of diphenethylamines that are essential to promote binding affinity and selectivity for the KOP receptor, and may be involved in transduction of the ligand binding event into molecular changes, ultimately leading to receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Guerrieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marcel Bermudez
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilona P Berzetei-Gurske
- Biosciences Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States
| | - Helmut Schmidhammer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariana Spetea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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94
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Kormos CM, Gichinga MG, Runyon SP, Thomas JB, Mascarella SW, Decker AM, Navarro HA, Carroll FI. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of JDTic analogs to examine the significance of replacement of the 3-hydroxyphenyl group with pyridine or thiophene bioisosteres. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3842-8. [PMID: 27364611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The potent and selective KOR antagonist JDTic was derived from the N-substituted trans-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine class of pure opioid antagonists. In previous studies we reported that compounds that did not have a hydroxyl on the 3-hydroxyphenyl group and did not have methyl groups at the 3- and 4-position of the piperidine ring were still potent and selective KOR antagonists. In this study we report JDTic analogs 2, 3a-b, 4a-b, and 5, where the 3-hydroxyphenyl ring has been replaced by a 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl or 3-thienyl group and do not have the 3-methyl or 3,4-dimethyl groups, remain potent and selective KOR antagonists. Of these, (3R)-7-hydroxy-N-(1S)-2-methyl-[4-methyl-4-pyridine-3-yl-carboxamide (3b) had the best overall binding potency and selectivity in a [(35)S]GTPγS functional assay, with a Ke=0.18nM at the KOR and 273- and 16,700-fold selectivity for the KOR relative to the MOR and DOR, respectively. Calculated physiochemical properties for 3b suggest that it will cross the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Kormos
- Research Triangle Institute, PO Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, United States
| | - Moses G Gichinga
- Research Triangle Institute, PO Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, United States
| | - Scott P Runyon
- Research Triangle Institute, PO Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, United States
| | - James B Thomas
- Research Triangle Institute, PO Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, United States
| | - S Wayne Mascarella
- Research Triangle Institute, PO Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, United States
| | - Ann M Decker
- Research Triangle Institute, PO Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, United States
| | - Hernán A Navarro
- Research Triangle Institute, PO Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, United States
| | - F Ivy Carroll
- Research Triangle Institute, PO Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, United States.
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95
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Molecular switches of the κ opioid receptor triggered by 6'-GNTI and 5'-GNTI. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18913. [PMID: 26742690 PMCID: PMC4705513 DOI: 10.1038/srep18913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The κ opioid receptor (κOR) is a member of G-protein-coupled receptors, and is considered as a promising drug target for treating neurological diseases. κOR selective 6'-GNTI was proved to be a G-protein biased agonist, whereas 5'-GNTI acts as an antagonist. To investigate the molecular mechanism of how these two ligands induce different behaviors of the receptor, we built two systems containing the 5'-GNTI-κOR complex and the 6'-GNTI-κOR complex, respectively, and performed molecular dynamics simulations of the two systems. We observe that transmembrane (TM) helix 6 of the κOR rotates about 4.6(o) on average in the κOR-6'-GNTI complex. Detailed analyses of the simulation results indicate that E297(6.58) and I294(6.55) play crucial roles in the rotation of TM6. In the simulation of the κOR-5'-GNTI system, it is revealed that 5'-GNTI can stabilize TM6 in the inactive state form. In addition, the kink of TM7 is stabilized by a hydrogen bond between S324(7.47) and the residue V69(1.42) on TM1.
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96
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Kappa Opioid Receptor-Induced Aversion Requires p38 MAPK Activation in VTA Dopamine Neurons. J Neurosci 2016; 35:12917-31. [PMID: 26377476 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2444-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The endogenous dynorphin-κ opioid receptor (KOR) system encodes the dysphoric component of the stress response and controls the risk of depression-like and addiction behaviors; however, the molecular and neural circuit mechanisms are not understood. In this study, we report that KOR activation of p38α MAPK in ventral tegmental (VTA) dopaminergic neurons was required for conditioned place aversion (CPA) in mice. Conditional genetic deletion of floxed KOR or floxed p38α MAPK by Cre recombinase expression in dopaminergic neurons blocked place aversion to the KOR agonist U50,488. Selective viral rescue by wild-type KOR expression in dopaminergic neurons of KOR(-/-) mice restored U50,488-CPA, whereas expression of a mutated form of KOR that could not initiate p38α MAPK activation did not. Surprisingly, while p38α MAPK inactivation blocked U50,488-CPA, p38α MAPK was not required for KOR inhibition of evoked dopamine release measured by fast scan cyclic voltammetry in the nucleus accumbens. In contrast, KOR activation acutely inhibited VTA dopaminergic neuron firing, and repeated exposure attenuated the opioid response. This adaptation to repeated exposure was blocked by conditional deletion of p38α MAPK, which also blocked KOR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel (GIRK) subunit Kir3.1 in VTA dopaminergic neurons. Consistent with the reduced response, GIRK phosphorylation at this amino terminal tyrosine residue (Y12) enhances channel deactivation. Thus, contrary to prevailing expectations, these results suggest that κ opioid-induced aversion requires regulation of VTA dopaminergic neuron somatic excitability through a p38α MAPK effect on GIRK deactivation kinetics rather than by presynaptically inhibiting dopamine release. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists have the potential to be effective, nonaddictive analgesics, but their therapeutic utility is greatly limited by adverse effects on mood. Understanding how KOR activation produces dysphoria is key to the development of better analgesics and to defining how the endogenous dynorphin opioids produce their depression-like effects. Results in this study show that the aversive effects of κ receptor activation required arrestin-dependent p38α MAPK activation in dopamine neurons but did not require inhibition of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Thus, contrary to the prevailing view, inhibition of mesolimbic dopamine release does not mediate the aversive effects of KOR activation and functionally selective κ opioids that do not activate arrestin signaling may be effective analgesics lacking dysphoric effects.
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98
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Cheng J, Li W, Liu G, Zhu W, Tang Y. Computational insights into different inhibition modes of the κ-opioid receptor with antagonists LY2456302 and JDTic. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24911b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Residence time calculations were carried out based on binding free energy scanning of the metadynamics simulations on LY2456302–κ-OR and JDTic–κ-OR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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99
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Cai X, Huang H, Kuzirian MS, Snyder LM, Matsushita M, Lee MC, Ferguson C, Homanics GE, Barth AL, Ross SE. Generation of a KOR-Cre knockin mouse strain to study cells involved in kappa opioid signaling. Genesis 2015; 54:29-37. [PMID: 26575788 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) has numerous important roles in the nervous system including the modulation of mood, reward, pain, and itch. In addition, KOR is expressed in many non-neuronal tissues. However, the specific cell types that express KOR are poorly characterized. Here, we report the development of a KOR-Cre knockin allele, which provides genetic access to cells that express KOR. In this mouse, Cre recombinase (Cre) replaces the initial coding sequence of the Opkr1 gene (encoding the kappa opioid receptor). We demonstrate that the KOR-Cre allele mediates recombination by embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5). Within the brain, KOR-Cre shows expression in numerous areas including the cerebral cortex, nucleus accumbens and striatum. In addition, this allele is expressed in epithelium and throughout many regions of the body including the heart, lung, and liver. Finally, we reveal that KOR-Cre mediates recombination of a subset of bipolar and amacrine cells in the retina. Thus, the KOR-Cre mouse line is a valuable new tool for conditional gene manipulation to enable the study of KOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Cai
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Huizhen Huang
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Marissa S Kuzirian
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lindsey M Snyder
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megumi Matsushita
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael C Lee
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn Ferguson
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gregg E Homanics
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alison L Barth
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E Ross
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Prefrontal Cortical Kappa Opioid Receptors Attenuate Responses to Amygdala Inputs. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2856-64. [PMID: 25971593 PMCID: PMC4864622 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Kappa opioid receptors (KORs) have been implicated in anxiety and stress, conditions that involve activation of projections from the basolateral amygdala (BLA) to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Although KORs have been studied in several brain regions, their role on mPFC physiology and on BLA projections to the mPFC remains unclear. Here, we explored whether KORs modify synaptic inputs from the BLA to the mPFC using in vivo electrophysiological recordings with electrical and optogenetic stimulation. Systemic administration of the KOR agonist U69,593 inhibited BLA-evoked synaptic responses in the mPFC without altering hippocampus-evoked responses. Intra-mPFC U69,593 inhibited electrical and optogenetic BLA-evoked synaptic responses, an effect blocked by the KOR antagonist nor-BNI. Bilateral intra-mPFC injection of the KOR antagonist nor-BNI increased center time in the open field test, suggesting an anxiolytic effect. The data demonstrate that mPFC KORs negatively regulate glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the BLA-mPFC pathway and anxiety-like behavior. These findings provide a framework whereby KOR signaling during stress and anxiety can regulate the flow of emotional state information from the BLA to the mPFC.
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