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Goldsmith BR, Locascio L, Gao Y, Lerner M, Walker A, Lerner J, Kyaw J, Shue A, Afsahi S, Pan D, Nokes J, Barron F. Digital Biosensing by Foundry-Fabricated Graphene Sensors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:434. [PMID: 30670783 PMCID: PMC6342992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevailing philosophy in biological testing has been to focus on simple tests with easy to interpret information such as ELISA or lateral flow assays. At the same time, there has been a decades long understanding in device physics and nanotechnology that electrical approaches have the potential to drastically improve the quality, speed, and cost of biological testing provided that computational resources are available to analyze the resulting complex data. This concept can be conceived of as "the internet of biology" in the same way miniaturized electronic sensors have enabled "the internet of things." It is well established in the nanotechnology literature that techniques such as field effect biosensing are capable of rapid and flexible biological testing. Until now, access to this new technology has been limited to academic researchers focused on bioelectronic devices and their collaborators. Here we show that this capability is retained in an industrially manufactured device, opening access to this technology generally. Access to this type of production opens the door for rapid deployment of nanoelectronic sensors outside the research space. The low power and resource usage of these biosensors enables biotech engineers to gain immediate control over precise biological and environmental data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Deng Pan
- Cardea Bio Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
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52
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Veronica A, Li Y, Hsing I. Minimally Invasive & Long‐lasting Neural Probes from a Materials Perspective. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Veronica
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - I‐ming Hsing
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon Hong Kong
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53
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Gu X, Yeung SY, Chadda A, Poon ENY, Boheler KR, Hsing IM. Organic Electrochemical Transistor Arrays for In Vitro Electrophysiology Monitoring of 2D and 3D Cardiac Tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 3:e1800248. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gu
- Bioengineering Graduate Program; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Sin Yu Yeung
- Bioengineering Graduate Program; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Akriti Chadda
- Bioengineering Graduate Program; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
| | - Ellen Ngar Yun Poon
- The Stem Cell and Regenerative Consortium; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Kenneth R. Boheler
- The Stem Cell and Regenerative Consortium; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD 21205 USA
| | - I.-Ming Hsing
- Bioengineering Graduate Program; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong China
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54
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Walsh KB, Li H, Koley G. Graphene alters the properties of voltage-gated Ca
2+
channels in rat cardiomyocytes. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aad0cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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55
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Wang R, Shi M, Brewer B, Yang L, Zhang Y, Webb DJ, Li D, Xu YQ. Ultrasensitive Graphene Optoelectronic Probes for Recording Electrical Activities of Individual Synapses. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5702-5708. [PMID: 30063361 PMCID: PMC6519721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The complex neuronal circuitry connected by submicron synapses in our brain calls for technologies that can map neural networks with ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution to decipher the underlying mechanisms for multiple aspects of neuroscience. Here we show that, through combining graphene transistor arrays with scanning photocurrent microscopy, we can detect the electrical activities of individual synapses of primary hippocampal neurons. Through measuring the local conductance change of graphene optoelectronic probes directly underneath neuronal processes, we are able to estimate millivolt extracellular potential variations of individual synapses during depolarization. The ultrafast nature of graphene photocurrent response allows for decoding of activity patterns of individual synapses with a sub-millisecond temporal resolution. This new neurotechnology provides promising potentials for recording of electrophysiological outcomes of individual synapses in neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Mingjian Shi
- Department of Biological Science and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Bryson Brewer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Lijie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Donna J. Webb
- Department of Biological Science and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Correspondence to: and
| | - Ya-Qiong Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Correspondence to: and
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56
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Rastogi SK, Kalmykov A, Johnson N, Cohen-Karni T. Bioelectronics with nanocarbons. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7159-7178. [PMID: 32254631 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01600c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing the electrical activity of cardiomyocytes and neurons is crucial in understanding the complex processes in the heart and brain tissues, both in healthy and diseased states. Micro- and nanotechnologies have significantly improved the electrophysiological investigation of cellular networks. Carbon-based nanomaterials or nanocarbons, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanodiamonds (NDs) and graphene are promising building blocks for bioelectronics platforms owing to their outstanding chemical and physical properties. In this review, we discuss the various bioelectronics applications of nanocarbons and their derivatives. Furthermore, we touch upon the challenges that remain in the field and describe the emergence of carbon-based hybrid-nanomaterials that will potentially address those limitations, thus improving the capabilities to investigate the electrophysiology of excitable cells, both as a network and at the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Kumar Rastogi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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57
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Durso M, Borrachero-Conejo AI, Bettini C, Treossi E, Scidà A, Saracino E, Gazzano M, Christian M, Morandi V, Tuci G, Giambastiani G, Ottaviano L, Perrozzi F, Benfenati V, Melucci M, Palermo V. Biomimetic graphene for enhanced interaction with the external membrane of astrocytes. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5335-5342. [PMID: 32254499 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and graphene substrates display huge potential as material interfaces for devices and biomedical tools targeting the modulation or recovery of brain functionality. However, to be considered reliable neural interfaces, graphene-derived substrates should properly interact with astrocytes, favoring their growth and avoiding adverse gliotic reactions. Indeed, astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the human brain and they have a crucial physiological role to maintain its homeostasis and modulate synaptic transmission. In this work, we describe a new strategy based on the chemical modification of graphene oxide (GO) with a synthetic phospholipid (PL) to improve interaction of GO with brain astroglial cells. The PL moieties were grafted on GO sheets through polymeric brushes obtained by atom-transfer radical-polymerization (ATRP) between acryloyl-modified PL and GO nanosheets modified with a bromide initiator. The adhesion of primary rat cortical astrocytes on GO-PL substrates increased by about three times with respect to that on glass substrates coated with standard adhesion agents (i.e. poly-d-lysine, PDL) as well as with respect to that on non-functionalized GO. Moreover, we show that astrocytes seeded on GO-PL did not display significant gliotic reactivity, indicating that the material interface did not cause a detrimental inflammatory reaction when interacting with astroglial cells. Our results indicate that the reported biomimetic approach could be applied to neural prosthesis to improve cell colonization and avoid glial scar formation in brain implants. Additionally, improved adhesion could be extremely relevant in devices targeting neural cell sensing/modulation of physiological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Durso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (CNR-ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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58
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Fischer RA, Zhang Y, Risner ML, Li D, Xu Y, Sappington RM. Impact of Graphene on the Efficacy of Neuron Culture Substrates. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701290. [PMID: 29943431 PMCID: PMC6105445 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
How graphene influences the behavior of living cells or tissues remains a critical issue for its application in biomedical studies, despite the general acceptance that graphene is biocompatible. While direct contact between cells and graphene is not a requirement for all biomedical applications, it is often mandatory for biosensing. Therefore, it is important to clarify whether graphene impedes the ability of cells to interact with biological elements in their environment. Here, a systematic study is reported to determine whether applying graphene on top of matrix substrates masks interactions between these substrates and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Six different platforms are tested for primary RGC cultures with three platforms comprised of matrix substrates compatible with these neurons, and another three having a layer of graphene placed on top of the matrix substrates. The results demonstrate that graphene does not impede interactions between RGCs and underlying substrate matrix, such that their positive or negative effects on neuron viability and vitality are retained. However, direct contact between RGCs and graphene reduces the number, but increases basal activity, of functional cation channels. The data indicate that, when proper baselines are established, graphene is a promising biosensing material for in vitro applications in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Fischer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Electrical, Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Electrical, Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Michael L. Risner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Electrical, Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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Bhasin A, Ogata AF, Briggs JS, Tam PY, Tan MX, Weiss GA, Penner RM. The Virus Bioresistor: Wiring Virus Particles for the Direct, Label-Free Detection of Target Proteins. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3623-3629. [PMID: 29718676 PMCID: PMC6002937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The virus bioresistor (VBR) is a chemiresistor that directly transfers information from virus particles to an electrical circuit. Specifically, the VBR enables the label-free detection of a target protein that is recognized and bound by filamentous M13 virus particles, each with dimensions of 6 nm ( w) × 1 μm ( l), entrained in an ultrathin (∼250 nm) composite virus-polymer resistor. Signal produced by the specific binding of virus to target molecules is monitored using the electrical impedance of the VBR: The VBR presents a complex impedance that is modeled by an equivalent circuit containing just three circuit elements: a solution resistance ( Rsoln), a channel resistance ( RVBR), and an interfacial capacitance ( CVBR). The value of RVBR, measured across 5 orders of magnitude in frequency, is increased by the specific recognition and binding of a target protein to the virus particles in the resistor, producing a signal Δ RVBR. The VBR concept is demonstrated using a model system in which human serum albumin (HSA, 66 kDa) is detected in a phosphate buffer solution. The VBR cleanly discriminates between a change in the electrical resistance of the buffer, measured by Rsoln, and selective binding of HSA to virus particles, measured by RVBR. The Δ RVBR induced by HSA binding is as high as 200 Ω, contributing to low sensor-to-sensor coefficients-of-variation (<15%) across the entire calibration curve for HSA from 7.5 nM to 900 nM. The response time for the VBR is 3-30 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Bhasin
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Alana F Ogata
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Jeffrey S Briggs
- PhageTech, Inc. , 5 Mason, Suite 170 , Irvine , California 926187 , United States
| | - Phillip Y Tam
- PhageTech, Inc. , 5 Mason, Suite 170 , Irvine , California 926187 , United States
| | - Ming X Tan
- Wainamics, Inc. , 3135 Osgood Court , Fremont , California 94539 , United States
| | - Gregory A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
- PhageTech, Inc. , 5 Mason, Suite 170 , Irvine , California 926187 , United States
| | - Reginald M Penner
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
- PhageTech, Inc. , 5 Mason, Suite 170 , Irvine , California 926187 , United States
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60
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McGuire AF, Santoro F, Cui B. Interfacing Cells with Vertical Nanoscale Devices: Applications and Characterization. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:101-126. [PMID: 29570360 PMCID: PMC6530470 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the intracellular state of mammalian cells often require probes or molecules to breach the tightly regulated cell membrane. Mammalian cells have been shown to grow well on vertical nanoscale structures in vitro, going out of their way to reach and tightly wrap the structures. A great deal of research has taken advantage of this interaction to bring probes close to the interface or deliver molecules with increased efficiency or ease. In turn, techniques have been developed to characterize this interface. Here, we endeavor to survey this research with an emphasis on the interface as driven by cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allister F McGuire
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
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61
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Graphene Microelectrode Arrays for Electrical and Optical Measurements of Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:407-418. [PMID: 31719891 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cell-cell communication plays a pivotal role in biological systems' coordination and function. Electrical properties have been linked to specification and differentiation of stem cells into targeted progeny, such as neurons and cardiomyocytes. Currently, there is a critical need in developing new ways to complement fluorescent indicators, such as Ca2+-sensitive dyes, for direct electrophysiological measurements of cells and tissue. Here, we report a unique transparent and biocompatible graphene-based electrical platform that enables electrical and optical investigation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes' (hESC-CMs) intracellular processes and intercellular communication. Methods Graphene, a honeycomb sp2 hybridized two-dimensional carbon lattice, was synthesized using low pressure chemical vapor deposition system, and was tested for biocompatibility. Au and graphene microelectrode arrays (MEAs) were fabricated using well-established microfabrication methods. Au and graphene MEAs were interfaced with hESC-CMs to perform both optical and electrical recordings. Results Optical imaging and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of monolayer graphene. Viability assay showed biocompatibility of graphene. Electrochemical characterization proved graphene's functional activity. Nitric acid treatment further enhanced the electrochemical properties of graphene. Graphene electrodes' transparency enabled both optical and electrical recordings from hESC-CMs. Graphene MEA detected changes in beating frequency and field potential duration upon β-adrenergic receptor agonist treatment. Conclusion The transparent graphene platform enables the investigation of both intracellular and intercellular communication processes and will create new avenues for bidirectional communication (sensing and stimulation) with electrically active tissues and will set the ground for investigations reported diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson's disease and arrhythmias.
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62
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Du M, Xu X, Yang L, Guo Y, Guan S, Shi J, Wang J, Fang Y. Simultaneous surface and depth neural activity recording with graphene transistor-based dual-modality probes. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 105:109-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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63
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Reta N, Saint CP, Michelmore A, Prieto-Simon B, Voelcker NH. Nanostructured Electrochemical Biosensors for Label-Free Detection of Water- and Food-Borne Pathogens. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:6055-6072. [PMID: 29369608 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of nanostructured materials has opened new horizons in the development of next generation biosensors. Being able to control the design of the electrode interface at the nanoscale combined with the intrinsic characteristics of the nanomaterials engenders novel biosensing platforms with improved capabilities. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the latest trends in emerging nanostructured electrochemical biosensors. A detailed description and discussion of recent approaches to construct label-free electrochemical nanostructured electrodes is given with special focus on pathogen detection for environmental monitoring and food safety. This includes the use of nanoscale materials such as nanotubes, nanowires, nanoparticles, and nanosheets as well as porous nanostructured materials including nanoporous anodic alumina, mesoporous silica, porous silicon, and polystyrene nanochannels. These platforms may pave the way toward the development of point-of-care portable electronic devices for applications ranging from environmental analysis to biomedical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Beatriz Prieto-Simon
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication , Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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64
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Li G, Yang J, Yang W, Wang F, Wang Y, Wang W, Liu L. Label-free multidimensional information acquisition from optogenetically engineered cells using a graphene transistor. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:2285-2290. [PMID: 29334115 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07264c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The optogenetic technique, which allows the manipulation of cellular activity patterns in space and time by light, has transformed the field of neuroscience. However, acquiring multidimensional optogenetic information remains challenging despite the fact that several cellular information detection methods have been proposed. Herein, we present a new method to acquire label-free multidimensional information from optogenetically engineered cells using a graphene transistor. Using a graphene film to form a strong densely packed layer with cells, the cellular action potentials were characterized as light-activated transistor conductance signals, which quantified the multidimensional optogenetic information. Based on this approach, some important cellular optogenetic information, including electrophysiological state, cell concentration, expression levels of opsin and response to variable light intensity, were also precisely detected. Furthermore, the graphene transistor was also used to distinguish cells expressing different channelrhodopsin-2 variants. Our study offers a general detection method of multidimensional optogenetic information for extending the applications of the optogenetic technique and provides a novel sensor for the development of future biological prosthetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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65
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Zhang Y, Li J, Li R, Sbircea DT, Giovannitti A, Xu J, Xu H, Zhou G, Bian L, McCulloch I, Zhao N. Liquid-Solid Dual-Gate Organic Transistors with Tunable Threshold Voltage for Cell Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:38687-38694. [PMID: 29039186 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Liquid electrolyte-gated organic field effect transistors and organic electrochemical transistors have recently emerged as powerful technology platforms for sensing and simulation of living cells and organisms. For such applications, the transistors are operated at a gate voltage around or below 0.3 V because prolonged application of a higher voltage bias can lead to membrane rupturing and cell death. This constraint often prevents the operation of the transistors at their maximum transconductance or most sensitive regime. Here, we exploit a solid-liquid dual-gate organic transistor structure, where the threshold voltage of the liquid-gated conduction channel is controlled by an additional gate that is separated from the channel by a metal-oxide gate dielectric. With this design, the threshold voltage of the "sensing channel" can be linearly tuned in a voltage window exceeding 0.4 V. We have demonstrated that the dual-gate structure enables a much better sensor response to the detachment of human mesenchymal stem cells. In general, the capability of tuning the optimal sensing bias will not only improve the device performance but also broaden the material selection for cell-based organic bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | | | - Dan-Tiberiu Sbircea
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Alexander Giovannitti
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Iain McCulloch
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KSC , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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66
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Kumar A, Tan A, Wong J, Spagnoli JC, Lam J, Blevins BD, G N, Thorne L, Ashkan K, Xie J, Liu H. Nanotechnology for Neuroscience: Promising Approaches for Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Brain Activity Mapping. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2017; 27:1700489. [PMID: 30853878 PMCID: PMC6404766 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201700489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Unlocking the secrets of the brain is a task fraught with complexity and challenge - not least due to the intricacy of the circuits involved. With advancements in the scale and precision of scientific technologies, we are increasingly equipped to explore how these components interact to produce a vast range of outputs that constitute function and disease. Here, an insight is offered into key areas in which the marriage of neuroscience and nanotechnology has revolutionized the industry. The evolution of ever more sophisticated nanomaterials culminates in network-operant functionalized agents. In turn, these materials contribute to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, including drug delivery, neuroprotection, neural regeneration, neuroimaging and neurosurgery. Further, the entrance of nanotechnology into future research arenas including optogenetics, molecular/ion sensing and monitoring, and piezoelectric effects is discussed. Finally, considerations in nanoneurotoxicity, the main barrier to clinical translation, are reviewed, and direction for future perspectives is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Aaron Tan
- UCL Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Wong
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London,London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Clayton Spagnoli
- Department of Chemistry, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - James Lam
- UCL Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Brianna Diane Blevins
- Department of Chemistry, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Natasha G
- UCL Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Thorne
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keyoumars Ashkan
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Graphene-based nanomaterials for drug and/or gene delivery, bioimaging, and tissue engineering. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1302-1317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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68
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Veliev F, Han Z, Kalita D, Briançon-Marjollet A, Bouchiat V, Delacour C. Recording Spikes Activity in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons Using Flexible or Transparent Graphene Transistors. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:466. [PMID: 28894412 PMCID: PMC5581354 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of nanoelectronics applied to neural interfaces has started few decades ago, and aims to provide new tools for replacing or restoring disabled functions of the nervous systems as well as further understanding the evolution of such complex organization. As the same time, graphene and other 2D materials have offered new possibilities for integrating micro and nano-devices on flexible, transparent, and biocompatible substrates, promising for bio and neuro-electronics. In addition to many bio-suitable features of graphene interface, such as, chemical inertness and anti-corrosive properties, its optical transparency enables multimodal approach of neuronal based systems, the electrical layer being compatible with additional microfluidics and optical manipulation ports. The convergence of these fields will provide a next generation of neural interfaces for the reliable detection of single spike and record with high fidelity activity patterns of neural networks. Here, we report on the fabrication of graphene field effect transistors (G-FETs) on various substrates (silicon, sapphire, glass coverslips, and polyimide deposited onto Si/SiO2 substrates), exhibiting high sensitivity (4 mS/V, close to the Dirac point at VLG < VD) and low noise level (10-22 A2/Hz, at VLG = 0 V). We demonstrate the in vitro detection of the spontaneous activity of hippocampal neurons in-situ-grown on top of the graphene sensors during several weeks in a millimeter size PDMS fluidics chamber (8 mm wide). These results provide an advance toward the realization of biocompatible devices for reliable and high spatio-temporal sensing of neuronal activity for both in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Veliev
- Institut Néel, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Zheng Han
- Institut Néel, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Dipankar Kalita
- Institut Néel, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Anne Briançon-Marjollet
- Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1042Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Bouchiat
- Institut Néel, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Cécile Delacour
- Institut Néel, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
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69
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Cao Y, Li D, Zhao M, Gong H, Wan R, Gu H. N + implantation induce cytocompatibility of shape-controlled three-dimensional self-assembly graphene. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2245-2255. [PMID: 28814149 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present research was to synthesize N+ implanted 3D self-assembly graphene (N+/3D-SGHs) to overcome the weaknesses of graphene (small sizes and poor hydrophilicity) in tissue engineering scaffolds. MATERIALS & METHODS N+/3D-SGHs was achieved by ion implantation on one-step hydrothermal synthesized 3D self-assembly graphene (3D-SGHs), and N+/3D-SGHs with different doses of nitrogen ions (1 × 1016 ions/cm2, 1 × 1018 ions/cm2 and 1 × 1020 ions/cm2), which adjusted by nitrogen ion beam intensity. RESULTS N+/3D-SGHs, as scaffolds, provide stereo space and hydrophilic groups for mouse-fibroblast cells (L929) growth and proliferation. Notably, N+/3D-SGHs with the N+ injected quantity of 1 × 1020 ions/cm2 displayed the highest protein-adhesion strength, cell viability and proliferation, which supported its good cytocompatibility. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated N+/3D-SGHs as a promising and effective tissue scaffold that might have applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cao
- College of Physics & Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.,Tianjin International Joint Research Centre of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Dejun Li
- College of Physics & Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.,Tianjin International Joint Research Centre of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Mengli Zhao
- College of Physics & Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.,Tianjin International Joint Research Centre of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Huanhuan Gong
- College of Physics & Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.,Tianjin International Joint Research Centre of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Rongxin Wan
- Tianjin Institute of Urological Surgery, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hanqing Gu
- Tianjin Institute of Urological Surgery, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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70
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Sytnyk M, Jakešová M, Litviňuková M, Mashkov O, Kriegner D, Stangl J, Nebesářová J, Fecher FW, Schöfberger W, Sariciftci NS, Schindl R, Heiss W, Głowacki ED. Cellular interfaces with hydrogen-bonded organic semiconductor hierarchical nanocrystals. Nat Commun 2017; 8:91. [PMID: 28733618 PMCID: PMC5522432 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful formation of electronic interfaces between living cells and semiconductors hinges on being able to obtain an extremely close and high surface-area contact, which preserves both cell viability and semiconductor performance. To accomplish this, we introduce organic semiconductor assemblies consisting of a hierarchical arrangement of nanocrystals. These are synthesised via a colloidal chemical route that transforms the nontoxic commercial pigment quinacridone into various biomimetic three-dimensional arrangements of nanocrystals. Through a tuning of parameters such as precursor concentration, ligands and additives, we obtain complex size and shape control at room temperature. We elaborate hedgehog-shaped crystals comprising nanoscale needles or daggers that form intimate interfaces with the cell membrane, minimising the cleft with single cells without apparent detriment to viability. Excitation of such interfaces with light leads to effective cellular photostimulation. We find reversible light-induced conductance changes in ion-selective or temperature-gated channels.Nanomaterials that form a bioelectronic interface with cells are fascinating tools for controlling cellular behavior. Here, the authors photostimulate single cells with spiky assemblies of semiconducting quinacridone nanocrystals, whose nanoscale needles maximize electronic contact with the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhailo Sytnyk
- Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058, Erlangen,, Germany
- Energie Campus Nürnberg (EnCN), Fürtherstraße 250, 90429, Nürnberg,, Germany
| | - Marie Jakešová
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz,, Austria
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Gruberstraße 40, 4020, Linz,, Austria
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, ITN Campus Norrköping, Linköpings Universitet, Bredgatan 33, 60221, Norrköping,, Sweden
| | - Monika Litviňuková
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Gruberstraße 40, 4020, Linz,, Austria
| | - Oleksandr Mashkov
- Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058, Erlangen,, Germany
- Energie Campus Nürnberg (EnCN), Fürtherstraße 250, 90429, Nürnberg,, Germany
| | - Dominik Kriegner
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, Prague, 121162, Czech Republic
| | - Julian Stangl
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Jana Nebesářová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences-Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Frank W Fecher
- Bayerisches Zentrum für Angewandte Energieforschung (ZAE Bayern), Immerwahrstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen,, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schöfberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz,, Austria
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz,, Austria
| | - Rainer Schindl
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Gruberstraße 40, 4020, Linz,, Austria.
- Institute for Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Heiss
- Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058, Erlangen,, Germany.
- Energie Campus Nürnberg (EnCN), Fürtherstraße 250, 90429, Nürnberg,, Germany.
| | - Eric Daniel Głowacki
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz,, Austria.
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, ITN Campus Norrköping, Linköpings Universitet, Bredgatan 33, 60221, Norrköping,, Sweden.
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71
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Cai P, Leow WR, Wang X, Wu YL, Chen X. Programmable Nano-Bio Interfaces for Functional Biointegrated Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605529. [PMID: 28397302 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of evidence has demonstrated the revolutionary role of nanosystems in the screening and shielding of biological systems. The explosive development of interfacing bioentities with programmable nanomaterials has conveyed the intriguing concept of nano-bio interfaces. Here, recent advances in functional biointegrated devices through the precise programming of nano-bio interactions are outlined, especially with regard to the rational assembly of constituent nanomaterials on multiple dimension scales (e.g., nanoparticles, nanowires, layered nanomaterials, and 3D-architectured nanomaterials), in order to leverage their respective intrinsic merits for different functions. Emerging nanotechnological strategies at nano-bio interfaces are also highlighted, such as multimodal diagnosis or "theragnostics", synergistic and sequential therapeutics delivery, and stretchable and flexible nanoelectronic devices, and their implementation into a broad range of biointegrated devices (e.g., implantable, minimally invasive, and wearable devices). When utilized as functional modules of biointegrated devices, these programmable nano-bio interfaces will open up a new chapter for precision nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingqiang Cai
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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Liu R, Chen R, Elthakeb AT, Lee SH, Hinckley S, Khraiche ML, Scott J, Pre D, Hwang Y, Tanaka A, Ro YG, Matsushita AK, Dai X, Soci C, Biesmans S, James A, Nogan J, Jungjohann KL, Pete DV, Webb DB, Zou Y, Bang AG, Dayeh SA. High Density Individually Addressable Nanowire Arrays Record Intracellular Activity from Primary Rodent and Human Stem Cell Derived Neurons. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:2757-2764. [PMID: 28384403 PMCID: PMC6045931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We report a new hybrid integration scheme that offers for the first time a nanowire-on-lead approach, which enables independent electrical addressability, is scalable, and has superior spatial resolution in vertical nanowire arrays. The fabrication of these nanowire arrays is demonstrated to be scalable down to submicrometer site-to-site spacing and can be combined with standard integrated circuit fabrication technologies. We utilize these arrays to perform electrophysiological recordings from mouse and rat primary neurons and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons, which revealed high signal-to-noise ratios and sensitivity to subthreshold postsynaptic potentials (PSPs). We measured electrical activity from rodent neurons from 8 days in vitro (DIV) to 14 DIV and from hiPSC-derived neurons at 6 weeks in vitro post culture with signal amplitudes up to 99 mV. Overall, our platform paves the way for longitudinal electrophysiological experiments on synaptic activity in human iPSC based disease models of neuronal networks, critical for understanding the mechanisms of neurological diseases and for developing drugs to treat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Liu
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Renjie Chen
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ahmed T. Elthakeb
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sang Heon Lee
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sandy Hinckley
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Massoud L. Khraiche
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - John Scott
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Deborah Pre
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yoontae Hwang
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Atsunori Tanaka
- Graduate Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yun Goo Ro
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Albert K. Matsushita
- Graduate Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Xing Dai
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Cesare Soci
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Steven Biesmans
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Anthony James
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - John Nogan
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Katherine L. Jungjohann
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Douglas V. Pete
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Denise B. Webb
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Yimin Zou
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anne G. Bang
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Shadi A. Dayeh
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Graduate Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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73
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Rastogi SK, Raghavan G, Yang G, Cohen-Karni T. Effect of Graphene on Nonneuronal and Neuronal Cell Viability and Stress. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3297-3301. [PMID: 28383278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent years graphene has drawn considerable research interest for biomedical applications. However, applications of graphene in biological systems also raise concerns about its possible toxicity. Here, by using live cell imaging techniques, we investigate the effect of pristine graphene on the viability as well as stress of both nonneuronal and neuronal cells under physiological conditions. We find that graphene promotes cell adhesion and proliferation. Furthermore, we find that graphene has no detectable adverse effect on mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology, or autophagy levels in the cell, indicating that graphene does not induce cell stress. Our results highlight the potential of graphene to be used in biomedical applications by providing long-term and stable nonneural and neural interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Kumar Rastogi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Computational Biology, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Guruprasad Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Computational Biology, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Ge Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Computational Biology, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tzahi Cohen-Karni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Computational Biology, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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74
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Liu B, Yang W, Li J, Zhang X, Niu P, Jiang X. Template Approach to Crystalline GaN Nanosheets. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3195-3201. [PMID: 28414238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline GaN nanosheets hold great challenge in growth and promising application in optoelectronic nanodevices. In this work, we reported an accessible template approach toward the rational synthesis of GaN nanosheets through the nitridation of metastable γ-Ga2O3 nanosheets synthesized from a hydrothermal reaction. The cubic γ-Ga2O3 nanosheets with smooth surface and decent crystallinity can be directly converted into hexagonal GaN nanosheets with similar morphology framework and comparable crystal quality in NH3 at 850 °C. UV-vis spectrum measurement reveals that the GaN nanosheets show a band gap of 3.30 eV with strong visible absorption in the range of 370-500 nm. The template synthetic strategy proposed in this work will open up more opportunities for the achievement of a variety of sheetlike nanostructures that can not be obtained through conventional routines and will undoubtedly further promote the fundamental research of newly emerging sheetlike nanostructures and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodan Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Wenjin Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Jing Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Xinglai Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Pingjuan Niu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin Polytechnical University No. 399, Binshuixi Road, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 China
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75
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Pang J, Mendes RG, Wrobel PS, Wlodarski MD, Ta HQ, Zhao L, Giebeler L, Trzebicka B, Gemming T, Fu L, Liu Z, Eckert J, Bachmatiuk A, Rümmeli MH. Self-Terminating Confinement Approach for Large-Area Uniform Monolayer Graphene Directly over Si/SiO x by Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1946-1956. [PMID: 28117971 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b08069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To synthesize graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) both in large area and with uniform layer number directly over Si/SiOx has proven challenging. The use of catalytically active metal substrates, in particular Cu, has shown far greater success and therefore is popular. That said, for electronics applications it requires a transfer procedure, which tends to damage and contaminate the graphene. Thus, the direct fabrication of uniform graphene on Si/SiOx remains attractive. Here we show a facile confinement CVD approach in which we simply "sandwich" two Si wafers with their oxide faces in contact to form uniform monolayer graphene. A thorough examination of the material reveals it comprises faceted grains despite initially nucleating as round islands. Upon clustering, they facet to minimize their energy. This behavior leads to faceting in polygons, as the system aims to ideally form hexagons, the lowest energy form, much like the hexagonal cells in a beehive, which requires the minimum wax. This process also leads to a near minimal total grain boundary length per unit area. This fact, along with the high graphene quality, is reflected in its electrical performance, which is highly comparable with graphene formed over other substrates, including Cu. In addition, the graphene growth is self-terminating. Our CVD approach is easily scalable and will make graphene formation directly on Si wafers competitive against that from metal substrates, which suffer from transfer. Moreover, this CVD route should be applicable for the direct synthesis of other 2D materials and their van der Waals heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Pang
- IFW-Dresden , Helmholtz Strasse 20, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rafael G Mendes
- IFW-Dresden , Helmholtz Strasse 20, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pawel S Wrobel
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, PL-41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Michal D Wlodarski
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, PL-41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Huy Quang Ta
- IFW-Dresden , Helmholtz Strasse 20, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, PL-41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Lars Giebeler
- IFW-Dresden , Helmholtz Strasse 20, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, PL-41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Thomas Gemming
- IFW-Dresden , Helmholtz Strasse 20, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lei Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University , Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Juergen Eckert
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences , Jahnstraße 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
- Department Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben , Jahnstraße 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Alicja Bachmatiuk
- IFW-Dresden , Helmholtz Strasse 20, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, PL-41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mark H Rümmeli
- IFW-Dresden , Helmholtz Strasse 20, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze, PL-41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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76
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Fu W, Jiang L, van Geest EP, Lima LMC, Schneider GF. Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603610. [PMID: 27896865 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent research trends now offer new opportunities for developing the next generations of label-free biochemical sensors using graphene and other two-dimensional materials. While the physics of graphene transistors operated in electrolyte is well grounded, important chemical challenges still remain to be addressed, namely the impact of the chemical functionalizations of graphene on the key electrical parameters and the sensing performances. In fact, graphene - at least ideal graphene - is highly chemically inert. The functionalizations and chemical alterations of the graphene surface - both covalently and non-covalently - are crucial steps that define the sensitivity of graphene. The presence, reactivity, adsorption of gas and ions, proteins, DNA, cells and tissues on graphene have been successfully monitored with graphene. This review aims to unify most of the work done so far on biochemical sensing at the surface of a (chemically functionalized) graphene field-effect transistor and the challenges that lie ahead. The authors are convinced that graphene biochemical sensors hold great promise to meet the ever-increasing demand for sensitivity, especially looking at the recent progresses suggesting that the obstacle of Debye screening can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyang Fu
- Leiden University, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lin Jiang
- Leiden University, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik P van Geest
- Leiden University, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lia M C Lima
- Leiden University, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Grégory F Schneider
- Leiden University, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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77
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Yang L, Zhao Y, Xu W, Shi E, Wei W, Li X, Cao A, Cao Y, Fang Y. Highly Crumpled All-Carbon Transistors for Brain Activity Recording. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:71-77. [PMID: 27958757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Neural probes based on graphene field-effect transistors have been demonstrated. Yet, the minimum detectable signal of graphene transistor-based probes is inversely proportional to the square root of the active graphene area. This fundamentally limits the scaling of graphene transistor-based neural probes for improved spatial resolution in brain activity recording. Here, we address this challenge using highly crumpled all-carbon transistors formed by compressing down to 16% of its initial area. All-carbon transistors, chemically synthesized by seamless integration of graphene channels and hybrid graphene/carbon nanotube electrodes, maintained structural integrity and stable electronic properties under large mechanical deformation, whereas stress-induced cracking and junction failure occurred in conventional graphene/metal transistors. Flexible, highly crumpled all-carbon transistors were further verified for in vivo recording of brain activity in rats. These results highlight the importance of advanced material and device design concepts to make improvements in neuroelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Enzheng Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Wei
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinming Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Anyuan Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Cao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Fang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology , 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
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78
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Cheng C, Li S, Thomas A, Kotov NA, Haag R. Functional Graphene Nanomaterials Based Architectures: Biointeractions, Fabrications, and Emerging Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1826-1914. [PMID: 28075573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional graphene nanomaterials (FGNs) are fast emerging materials with extremely unique physical and chemical properties and physiological ability to interfere and/or interact with bioorganisms; as a result, FGNs present manifold possibilities for diverse biological applications. Beyond their use in drug/gene delivery, phototherapy, and bioimaging, recent studies have revealed that FGNs can significantly promote interfacial biointeractions, in particular, with proteins, mammalian cells/stem cells, and microbials. FGNs can adsorb and concentrate nutrition factors including proteins from physiological media. This accelerates the formation of extracellular matrix, which eventually promotes cell colonization by providing a more beneficial microenvironment for cell adhesion and growth. Furthermore, FGNs can also interact with cocultured cells by physical or chemical stimulation, which significantly mediate their cellular signaling and biological performance. In this review, we elucidate FGNs-bioorganism interactions and summarize recent advancements on designing FGN-based two-dimensional and three-dimensional architectures as multifunctional biological platforms. We have also discussed the representative biological applications regarding these FGN-based bioactive architectures. Furthermore, the future perspectives and emerging challenges will also be highlighted. Due to the lack of comprehensive reviews in this emerging field, this review may catch great interest and inspire many new opportunities across a broad range of disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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79
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Manoharan AK, Chinnathambi S, Jayavel R, Hanagata N. Simplified detection of the hybridized DNA using a graphene field effect transistor. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2017; 18:43-50. [PMID: 28179957 PMCID: PMC5256270 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2016.1253408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Detection of disease-related gene expression by DNA hybridization is a useful diagnostic method. In this study a monolayer graphene field effect transistor (GFET) was fabricated for the detection of a particular single-stranded DNA (target DNA). The probe DNA, which is a single-stranded DNA with a complementary nucleotide sequence, was directly immobilized onto the graphene surface without any linker. The VDirac was shifted to the negative direction in the probe DNA immobilization. A further shift of VDirac in the negative direction was observed when the target DNA was applied to GFET, but no shift was observed upon the application of non-complementary mismatched DNA. Direct immobilization of double-stranded DNA onto the graphene surface also shifted the VDirac in the negative direction to the same extent as that of the shift induced by the immobilization of probe DNA and following target DNA application. These results suggest that the further shift of VDirac after application of the target DNA to the GFET was caused by the hybridization between the probe DNA and target DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Manoharan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India
- Nanotechnology Innovation Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Ramasamy Jayavel
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Nobutaka Hanagata
- Nanotechnology Innovation Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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80
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Wenelska K, Mijowska E. Preparation, thermal conductivity, and thermal stability of flame retardant polyethylene with exfoliated MoS2/MxOy. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02566a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, exfoliated molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) modified by a metal oxide (MoS2/MxOy) was prepared by a hydrothermal method and characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wenelska
- Nanomaterials Physicochemistry Department
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering
- West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin
- Szczecin
- Poland
| | - Ewa Mijowska
- Nanomaterials Physicochemistry Department
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering
- West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin
- Szczecin
- Poland
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81
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Zhao G, Li X, Huang M, Zhen Z, Zhong Y, Chen Q, Zhao X, He Y, Hu R, Yang T, Zhang R, Li C, Kong J, Xu JB, Ruoff RS, Zhu H. The physics and chemistry of graphene-on-surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4417-4449. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00256d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the major “graphene-on-surface” structures and examines the roles of their properties in governing the overall performance for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoke Zhao
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Xinming Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- China
| | - Meirong Huang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Zhen Zhen
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yujia Zhong
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Qiao Chen
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Xuanliang Zhao
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yijia He
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Ruirui Hu
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Tingting Yang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Rujing Zhang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Changli Li
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Jian-Bin Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- China
| | - Rodney S. Ruoff
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and Department of Chemistry
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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82
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Mao S, Chang J, Pu H, Lu G, He Q, Zhang H, Chen J. Two-dimensional nanomaterial-based field-effect transistors for chemical and biological sensing. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:6872-6904. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00827e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent progress in graphene-, 2D transition metal dichalcogenide-, and 2D black phosphorus-based FET sensors for detecting gases, biomolecules, and water contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Jingbo Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
| | - Haihui Pu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
| | | | - Qiyuan He
- Center for Programmable Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Hua Zhang
- Center for Programmable Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Junhong Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
- Milwaukee
- USA
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83
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Ma Q, Yang L, Jiang Z, Song Q, Xiao M, Zhang D, Ma X, Wen T, Cheng G. Three-Dimensional Stiff Graphene Scaffold on Neural Stem Cells Behavior. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34227-34233. [PMID: 27998102 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical cues of the scaffolds, elasticity, and stiffness significantly guide adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells. In addressable microenvironments constructed by three-dimensional graphene foams (3D-GFs), neural stem cells (NSCs) interact with and respond to the structural geometry and mechanical properties of porous scaffolds. Our studies aim to investigate NSC behavior on the various stiffness of 3D-GFs. Two kinds of 3D-GFs scaffolds present soft and stiff properties with elasticity moduli of 30 and 64 kPa, respectively. Stiff scaffold enhanced NSC attachment and proliferation with vinculin and integrin gene expression were up-regulated by 2.3 and 1.5 folds, respectively, compared with the soft one. Meanwhile, up-regulated Ki67 expression and almost no variation of nestin expression in a group of the stiff scaffold were observed, implying that the stiff substrate fosters NSC growth and keeps the cells in an active stem state. Furthermore, NSCs grown on stiff scaffold exhibited enhanced differentiation to astrocytes. Interestingly, differentiated neurons on stiff scaffold are suppressed since growth associated protein-43 expression was significantly improved by 5.5 folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Lingyan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ziyun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qin Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Miao Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xun Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Tieqiao Wen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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84
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Liu S, Jamali S, Liu Q, Maia J, Baek JB, Jiang N, Xu M, Dai L. Conformational Transitions of Polymer Brushes for Reversibly Switching Graphene Transistors. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Safa Jamali
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Joao Maia
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jong-Beom Baek
- School
of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable
Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Naisheng Jiang
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ming Xu
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Liming Dai
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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85
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Jiang Z, Song Q, Tang M, Yang L, Cheng Y, Zhang M, Xu D, Cheng G. Enhanced Migration of Neural Stem Cells by Microglia Grown on a Three-Dimensional Graphene Scaffold. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:25069-77. [PMID: 27589088 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
One of the key challenges in engineering neural tissues for cell-based therapies is to develop a biocompatible scaffold material to direct neural stem cell (NSC) behaviors. One great advantage for a scaffold would be to induce NSC migration toward pathological sites during regeneration and repair. In particular, the inflammatory responses in the pathological zone, which are mainly mediated by microglia in the central nervous system, affect the repair capacity of NSCs through NSC migration. Recently, graphene was used as a neural interface and scaffold material, but few studies have addressed the relationship between microglia and NSCs in a graphene culture system. In this study, we used a combination of immunofluorescence, Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and scanning electron microscopy to investigate how conditioned medium (CM) produced from microglia grown on two-dimensional graphene (2D-G) films or three-dimensional graphene (3D-G) foams govern NSC migration. The results revealed that the CM produced by microglia grown in 3D-G cultures could promote neurosphere formation, facilitate NSC migration from the neurospheres, and increase single cell polarization by activating the stromal cell-derived factor 1 α (SDF-1α)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) signaling pathway and enhancing cell adhesion on the substrate. By contrast, the 2D-G CM failed to achieve these results. Our study suggests the great potential of 3D-G as a neural scaffold for NSC-based therapy in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Qin Song
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Jiangsu 215123, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University , Jiangsu 210018, PR China
| | - Lingyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Yilin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Xu
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Guosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Jiangsu 215123, PR China
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86
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Deng S, Gao E, Wang Y, Sen S, Sreenivasan ST, Behura S, Král P, Xu Z, Berry V. Confined, Oriented, and Electrically Anisotropic Graphene Wrinkles on Bacteria. ACS NANO 2016; 10:8403-8412. [PMID: 27391776 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Curvature-induced dipole moment and orbital rehybridization in graphene wrinkles modify its electrical properties and induces transport anisotropy. Current wrinkling processes are based on contraction of the entire substrate and do not produce confined or directed wrinkles. Here we show that selective desiccation of a bacterium under impermeable and flexible graphene via a flap-valve operation produces axially aligned graphene wrinkles of wavelength 32.4-34.3 nm, consistent with modified Föppl-von Kármán mechanics (confinement ∼0.7 × 4 μm(2)). Further, an electrophoretically oriented bacterial device with confined wrinkles aligned with van der Pauw electrodes was fabricated and exhibited an anisotropic transport barrier (ΔE = 1.69 meV). Theoretical models were developed to describe the wrinkle formation mechanism. The results obtained show bio-induced production of confined, well-oriented, and electrically anisotropic graphene wrinkles, which can be applied in electronics, bioelectromechanics, and strain patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , 810 S. Clinton Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Enlai Gao
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanlei Wang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Soumyo Sen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | | | - Sanjay Behura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , 810 S. Clinton Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Department of Physics and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Vikas Berry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , 810 S. Clinton Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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87
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Ma F, Jiao Y, Gu Y, Bilic A, Chen Y, Chen Z, Du A. Anomalous Enhancement of Mechanical Properties in the Ammonia Adsorbed Defective Graphene. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33810. [PMID: 27667709 PMCID: PMC5036057 DOI: 10.1038/srep33810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure graphene is known as the strongest material ever discovered. However, the unavoidable defect formation in the fabrication process renders the strength of defective graphene much lower (~14%) than that of its perfect counterpart. By means of density functional theory computations, we systematically explored the effect of gas molecules (H2, N2, NH3, CO, CO2 and O2) adsorption on the mechanical strength of perfect/defective graphene. The NH3 molecule is found to play a dominant role in enhancing the strength of defective graphene by up to ~15.6%, while other gas molecules decrease the strength of graphene with varying degrees. The remarkable strength enhancement can be interpreted by the decomposition of NH3, which saturates the dangling bond and leads to charge redistribution at the defect site. The present work provides basic information for the mechanical failure of gas-adsorbed graphene and guidance for manufacturing graphene-based electromechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxian Ma
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, QLD 4001, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yalong Jiao
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, QLD 4001, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yuantong Gu
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, QLD 4001, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ante Bilic
- CSIRO Data61, Molecular and Materials Modelling, Docklands 3008 VIC, Australia
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, QLD 4001, Brisbane, Australia
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88
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Tian S, Sun J, Yang S, He P, Wang G, Di Z, Ding G, Xie X, Jiang M. Controllable Edge Oxidation and Bubbling Exfoliation Enable the Fabrication of High Quality Water Dispersible Graphene. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34127. [PMID: 27666869 PMCID: PMC5036305 DOI: 10.1038/srep34127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progresses made on mass production of chemically exfoliated graphene, the quality, cost and environmental friendliness remain major challenges for its market penetration. Here, we present a fast and green exfoliation strategy for large scale production of high quality water dispersible few layer graphene through a controllable edge oxidation and localized gas bubbling process. Mild edge oxidation guarantees that the pristine sp2 lattice is largely intact and the edges are functionalized with hydrophilic groups, giving rise to high conductivity and good water dispersibility at the same time. The aqueous concentration can be as high as 5.0 mg mL-1, which is an order of magnitude higher than previously reports. The water soluble graphene can be directly spray-coated on various substrates, and the back-gated field effect transistor give hole and electron mobility of ~496 and ~676 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. These results achieved are expected to expedite various applications of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Tian
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 20050, P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 20050, P. R. China
| | - Siwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 20050, P. R. China
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 20050, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 20050, P. R. China
| | - Zengfeng Di
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 20050, P. R. China
| | - Guqiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 20050, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 20050, P. R. China
| | - Mianheng Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 20050, P. R. China
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89
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Gu X, Yao C, Liu Y, Hsing IM. 16-Channel Organic Electrochemical Transistor Array for In Vitro Conduction Mapping of Cardiac Action Potential. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2345-51. [PMID: 27396472 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
16-Channel organic electrochemical transistor arrays (OECTs) are developed for mapping the propagation and studying the characteristics of action potentials of primary cardiomyocytes. The physiological activities of a rat cardiomyocyte monolayer during a long-term culturing is revealed by this biocompatible, low-cost, and high transconductance organic electronic device. OECT has great potential to be used in cardiac and neuronal drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gu
- Bioengineering Graduate Program; Division of Biomedical Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Scienceand Technology; Hong Kong China 999077
| | - Chunlei Yao
- Bioengineering Graduate Program; Division of Biomedical Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Scienceand Technology; Hong Kong China 999077
| | - Ying Liu
- Bioengineering Graduate Program; Division of Biomedical Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Scienceand Technology; Hong Kong China 999077
| | - I-Ming Hsing
- Bioengineering Graduate Program; Division of Biomedical Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Scienceand Technology; Hong Kong China 999077
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90
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Guo R, Zhang S, Xiao M, Qian F, He Z, Li D, Zhang X, Li H, Yang X, Wang M, Chai R, Tang M. Accelerating bioelectric functional development of neural stem cells by graphene coupling: Implications for neural interfacing with conductive materials. Biomaterials 2016; 106:193-204. [PMID: 27566868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to govern cell-specific behaviors in tissue engineering for neural repair and regeneration, a better understanding of material-cell interactions, especially the bioelectric functions, is extremely important. Graphene has been reported to be a potential candidate for use as a scaffold and neural interfacing material. However, the bioelectric evolvement of cell membranes on these conductive graphene substrates remains largely uninvestigated. In this study, we used a neural stem cell (NSC) model to explore the possible changes in membrane bioelectric properties - including resting membrane potentials and action potentials - and cell behaviors on graphene films under both proliferation and differentiation conditions. We used a combination of single-cell electrophysiological recordings and traditional cell biology techniques. Graphene did not affect the basic membrane electrical parameters (capacitance and input resistance), but resting membrane potentials of cells on graphene substrates were more strongly negative under both proliferation and differentiation conditions. Also, NSCs and their progeny on graphene substrates exhibited increased firing of action potentials during development compared to controls. However, graphene only slightly affected the electric characterizations of mature NSC progeny. The modulation of passive and active bioelectric properties on the graphene substrate was accompanied by enhanced NSC differentiation. Furthermore, spine density, synapse proteins expressions and synaptic activity were all increased in graphene group. Modeling of the electric field on conductive graphene substrates suggests that the electric field produced by the electronegative cell membrane is much higher on graphene substrates than that on control, and this might explain the observed changes of bioelectric development by graphene coupling. Our results indicate that graphene is able to accelerate NSC maturation during development, especially with regard to bioelectric evolvement. Our findings provide a fundamental understanding of the role of conductive materials in tuning the membrane bioelectric properties in a graphene model and pave the way for future studies on the development of methods and materials for manipulating membrane properties in a controllable way for NSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Guo
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Miao Xiao
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fuping Qian
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zuhong He
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing Research Institute, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Ming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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91
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Mataev E, Rastogi SK, Madhusudan A, Bone J, Lamprinakos N, Picard Y, Cohen-Karni T. Synthesis of Group IV Nanowires on Graphene: The Case of Ge Nanocrawlers. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:5267-5272. [PMID: 27400248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using graphene as a synthesis platform for polymers, zero-dimensional (0D) materials, one-dimensional materials (1D), and two-dimensional (2D) materials. Here, we report the investigation of the growth of germanium nanowires (GeNWs) and germanium nanocrawlers (GeNCs) on single-layer graphene surfaces. GeNWs and GeNCs are synthesized on graphene films by gold nanoparticles catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism. The addition of hydrogen chloride gas (HCl) at the nucleation step increased the propensity toward GeNCs growth on the surface. As the time lag before HCl introduction during the nucleation step increased, a significant change in the number of out-of-plane GeNWs versus in-plane GeNCs was observed. The nucleation temperature and time played a key role in the formation of GeNCs as well. The fraction of GeNCs (χNCs) decreased from 0.95 ± 0.01 to 0.66 ± 0.07 when the temperature was kept at 305 °C for 15 s versus maintained at 305 °C throughout the process, respectively. GeNCs exhibit ⟨112⟩ as the preferred growth direction whereas GeNWs exhibit both ⟨112⟩ and ⟨111⟩ as the preferred growth directions. Finally, our growth model suggests a possible mechanism for the preference of an in-plane GeNC growth on graphene versus GeNW on SiO2. These findings open up unique opportunities for fundamental studies of crystal growth on graphene, as well as enable exploration of new electronic interfaces between group IV materials and graphene, potentially toward designing new geometries for hybrid materials sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnatan Mataev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sahil Kumar Rastogi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Atul Madhusudan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jennifer Bone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Nicholas Lamprinakos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yoosuf Picard
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tzahi Cohen-Karni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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92
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Ameri SK, Singh PK, D'Angelo R, Stoppel W, Black L, Sonkusale SR. Three dimensional graphene scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering and in-situ electrical recording. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2016:4201-4203. [PMID: 28269209 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a three-dimensional graphene foam made of few layers of CVD grown graphene as a scaffold for growing cardiac cells and recording their electrical activity. Our results show that graphene foam not only provides an excellent extra-cellular matrix (ECM) for the culture of such electrogenic cells but also enables recording of its extracellular electrical activity in-situ. Recording is possible due to graphene's excellent conductivity. In this paper, we present our results on the fabrication of the graphene scaffold and initial studies on the culture of cardiac cell lines such as HL-1 and recording of their real-time electrical activity.
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93
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He Z, Zhang S, Song Q, Li W, Liu D, Li H, Tang M, Chai R. The structural development of primary cultured hippocampal neurons on a graphene substrate. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:442-51. [PMID: 27395037 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential of graphene-based nanomaterials as a neural interfacing material for neural repair and regeneration remains poorly understood. In the present study, the response to the graphene substrate by neurons was determined in a hippocampal culture model. The results revealed the growth and maturation of hippocampal cultures on graphene substrates were significantly improved compared to the commercial control. In details, graphene promoted growth cone growth and microtubule formation inside filopodia 24h after seeding as evidenced by a higher average number of filopodia emerging from growth cones, a longer average length of filopodia, and a larger growth cone area. Graphene also significantly boosted neurite sprouting and outgrowth. The dendritic length, the number of branch points, and the dendritic complex index were significantly improved on the graphene substrate during culture. Moreover, the spine density was enhanced and the maturation of dendritic spines from thin to stubby spines was significantly promoted on graphene at 21 days after seeding. Lastly, graphene significantly elevated the synapse density and synaptic activity in the hippocampal cultures. The present study highlights graphene's potential as a neural interfacing material for neural repair and regeneration and sheds light on the future biomedical applications of graphene-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhong He
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qin Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing Research Institute, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing Research Institute, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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94
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Rapid Stencil Mask Fabrication Enabled One-Step Polymer-Free Graphene Patterning and Direct Transfer for Flexible Graphene Devices. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24890. [PMID: 27118249 PMCID: PMC4846816 DOI: 10.1038/srep24890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a one-step polymer-free approach to patterning graphene using a stencil mask and oxygen plasma reactive-ion etching, with a subsequent polymer-free direct transfer for flexible graphene devices. Our stencil mask is fabricated via a subtractive, laser cutting manufacturing technique, followed by lamination of stencil mask onto graphene grown on Cu foil for patterning. Subsequently, micro-sized graphene features of various shapes are patterned via reactive-ion etching. The integrity of our graphene after patterning is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. We further demonstrate the rapid prototyping capability of a stretchable, crumpled graphene strain sensor and patterned graphene condensation channels for potential applications in sensing and heat transfer, respectively. We further demonstrate that the polymer-free approach for both patterning and transfer to flexible substrates allows the realization of cleaner graphene features as confirmed by water contact angle measurements. We believe that our new method promotes rapid, facile fabrication of cleaner graphene devices, and can be extended to other two dimensional materials in the future.
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95
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Impact of crystalline quality on neuronal affinity of pristine graphene. Biomaterials 2016; 86:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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96
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Lee H, Kim I, Kim M, Lee H. Moving beyond flexible to stretchable conductive electrodes using metal nanowires and graphenes. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:1789-1822. [PMID: 26733118 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06851g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable and/or flexible electrodes and their associated electronic devices have attracted great interest because of their possible applications in high-end technologies such as lightweight, large area, wearable, and biointegrated devices. In particular, metal nanowires and graphene derivatives are chosen for electrodes because they show low resistance and high mechanical stability. Here, we review stretchable and flexible soft electrodes by discussing in depth the intrinsic properties of metal NWs and graphenes that are driven by their dimensionality. We investigate these properties with respect to electronics, optics, and mechanics from a chemistry perspective and discuss currently unsolved issues, such as how to maintain high conductivity and simultaneous high mechanical stability. Possible applications of stretchable and/or flexible electrodes using these nanodimensional materials are summarized at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanleem Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
| | - Ikjoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Meeree Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Hyoyoung Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea. and Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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97
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Abstract
Nano-bioelectronics represents a rapidly expanding interdisciplinary field that combines nanomaterials with biology and electronics and, in so doing, offers the potential to overcome existing challenges in bioelectronics. In particular, shrinking electronic transducer dimensions to the nanoscale and making their properties appear more biological can yield significant improvements in the sensitivity and biocompatibility and thereby open up opportunities in fundamental biology and healthcare. This review emphasizes recent advances in nano-bioelectronics enabled with semiconductor nanostructures, including silicon nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. First, the synthesis and electrical properties of these nanomaterials are discussed in the context of bioelectronics. Second, affinity-based nano-bioelectronic sensors for highly sensitive analysis of biomolecules are reviewed. In these studies, semiconductor nanostructures as transistor-based biosensors are discussed from fundamental device behavior through sensing applications and future challenges. Third, the complex interface between nanoelectronics and living biological systems, from single cells to live animals, is reviewed. This discussion focuses on representative advances in electrophysiology enabled using semiconductor nanostructures and their nanoelectronic devices for cellular measurements through emerging work where arrays of nanoelectronic devices are incorporated within three-dimensional cell networks that define synthetic and natural tissues. Last, some challenges and exciting future opportunities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States
| | - Charles M. Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States
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98
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Kang K, Park YS, Park M, Jang MJ, Kim SM, Lee J, Choi JY, Jung DH, Chang YT, Yoon MH, Lee JS, Nam Y, Choi IS. Axon-First Neuritogenesis on Vertical Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:675-80. [PMID: 26645112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report that high-density, vertically grown silicon nanowires (vg-SiNWs) direct a new in vitro developmental pathway of primary hippocampal neurons. Neurons on vg-SiNWs formed a single, extremely elongated major neurite earlier than minor neurites, which led to accelerated polarization. Additionally, the development of lamellipodia, which generally occurs on 2D culture coverslips, was absent on vg-SiNWs. The results indicate that surface topography is an important factor that influences neuronal development and also provide implications for the role of topography in neuronal development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungtae Kang
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research and Molecular-Level Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yi-Seul Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Matthew Park
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research and Molecular-Level Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Min Jee Jang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seong-Min Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Juno Lee
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research and Molecular-Level Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ji Yu Choi
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research and Molecular-Level Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Da Hee Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Myung-Han Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Yoonkey Nam
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Insung S Choi
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research and Molecular-Level Interface Research Center, Department of Chemistry, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Korea
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99
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Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of micro- and nanoelectrodes for neural recording. Med Biol Eng Comput 2016; 54:23-44. [PMID: 26753777 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-015-1430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrodes serve as the first critical interface to the biological organ system. In neuroprosthetic applications, for example, electrodes interface to the tissue for either signal recording or tissue stimulation. In this review, we consider electrodes for recording neural activity. Recording electrodes serve as wiretaps into the neural tissues, providing readouts of electrical activity. These signals give us valuable insights into the organization and functioning of the nervous system. The recording interfaces have also shown promise in aiding treatment of motor and sensory disabilities caused by neurological disorders. Recent advances in fabrication technology have generated wide interest in creating tiny, high-density electrode interfaces for neural tissues. An ideal electrode should be small enough and be able to achieve reliable and conformal integration with the structures of the nervous system. As a result, the existing electrode designs are being shrunk and packed to form small form factor interfaces to tissue. Here, an overview of the historic and state-of-the-art electrode technologies for recording neural activity is presented first with a focus on their development road map. The fact that the dimensions of recording electrode sites are being scaled down from micron to submicron scale to enable dense interfaces is appreciated. The current trends in recording electrode technologies are then reviewed. Current and future considerations in electrode design, including the use of inorganic nanostructures and biologically inspired or biocomapatible materials are discussed, along with an overview of the applications of flexible materials and transistor transduction schemes. Finally, we detail the major technical challenges facing chronic use of reliable recording electrode technology.
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100
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Joe DJ, Hwang J, Johnson C, Cha HY, Lee JW, Shen X, Spencer MG, Tiwari S, Kim M. Surface Functionalized Graphene Biosensor on Sapphire for Cancer Cell Detection. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 16:144-151. [PMID: 27398439 PMCID: PMC5724034 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2016.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has several unique physical, optical and electrical properties such as a two-dimensional (2D) planar structure, high optical transparency and high carrier mobility at room temperature. These make graphene interesting for electrical biosensing. Using a catalyst-free chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, graphene film is grown on a sapphire substrate. There is a single or a few sheets as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Electrical graphene biosensors are fabricated to detect large-sized biological analytes such as cancer cells. Human colorectal carcinoma cells are sensed by the resistance change of an active bio-functionalized graphene device as the cells are captured by the immobilized antibody surface. The functionalized sensors show an increase in resistance as large as ~20% of the baseline with a small number of adhered cells. This study suggests that the bio-functionalized electrical graphene sensors on sapphire, which is a highly transparent material, can potentially detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and monitor cellular electrical behavior while being compatible with fluorescence-based optical-detection bioassays.
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