51
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Shariatgorji M, Källback P, Gustavsson L, Schintu N, Svenningsson P, Goodwin RJA, Andren PE. Controlled-pH tissue cleanup protocol for signal enhancement of small molecule drugs analyzed by MALDI-MS imaging. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4603-7. [PMID: 22507246 DOI: 10.1021/ac203322q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The limit of detection of low-molecular weight compounds in tissue sections, analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), was significantly improved by employing sample washing using a pH-controlled buffer solution. The pH of the washing solutions were set at values whereby the target analytes would have low solubility. Washing the tissue sections in the buffered solution resulted in removal of endogenous soluble ionization-suppressing compounds and salts, while the target compound remained in situ with minor or no delocalization during the buffered washing procedure. Two pharmaceutical compounds (cimetidine and imipramine) and one new protease inhibitor compound were successfully used to evaluate the feasibility of the pH-controlled tissue washing protocol for MALDI-MSI. Enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio was achieved by a factor of up to 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Shariatgorji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Medical Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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52
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Probing neuropeptide signaling at the organ and cellular domains via imaging mass spectrometry. J Proteomics 2012; 75:5014-5026. [PMID: 22465716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) has evolved to be a promising technology due to its ability to detect a broad mass range of molecular species and create density maps for selected compounds. It is currently one of the most useful techniques to determine the spatial distribution of neuropeptides in cells and tissues. Although IMS is conceptually simple, sample preparation steps, mass analyzers, and software suites are just a few of the factors that contribute to the successful design of a neuropeptide IMS experiment. This review provides a brief overview of IMS sampling protocols, instrumentation, data analysis tools, technological advancements and applications to neuropeptide localization in neurons and endocrine tissues. Future perspectives in this field are also provided, concluding that neuropeptide IMS would greatly facilitate studies of neuronal network and biomarker discovery.
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53
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Boggio KJ, Obasuyi E, Sugino K, Nelson SB, Agar NY, Agar JN. Recent advances in single-cell MALDI mass spectrometry imaging and potential clinical impact. Expert Rev Proteomics 2012; 8:591-604. [PMID: 21999830 DOI: 10.1586/epr.11.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis is gaining popularity in the field of mass spectrometry as a method for analyzing protein and peptide content in cells. The spatial resolution of MALDI mass spectrometry (MS) imaging is by a large extent limited by the laser focal diameter and the displacement of analytes during matrix deposition. Owing to recent advancements in both laser optics and matrix deposition methods, spatial resolution on the order of a single eukaryotic cell is now achievable by MALDI MS imaging. Provided adequate instrument sensitivity, a lateral resolution of approximately 10 µm is currently attainable with commercial instruments. As a result of these advances, MALDI MS imaging is poised to become a transformative clinical technology. In this article, the crucial steps needed to obtain single-cell resolution are discussed, as well as potential applications to disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Boggio
- Department of Chemistry and Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
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54
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Eberlin LS, Liu X, Ferreira CR, Santagata S, Agar NY, Cooks RG. Desorption electrospray ionization then MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of lipid and protein distributions in single tissue sections. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8366-71. [PMID: 21975048 PMCID: PMC3229813 DOI: 10.1021/ac202016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Imaging mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful technique for mapping the spatial distributions of a wide range of chemical compounds simultaneously from a tissue section. Co-localization of the distribution of individual molecular species, including particular lipids and proteins, and correlation with the morphological features of a single tissue section are highly desirable for comprehensive tissue analysis and disease diagnosis. We now report on the use, in turn, of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), and then optical microscopy to image lipid and protein distributions in a single tissue section. This is possible through the use of histologically compatible DESI solvent systems, which allow for sequential analyses of the same section by DESI then MALDI. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed on the same section after removal of the MALDI matrix. This workflow allowed chemical information to be unambiguously matched to histological features in mouse brain tissue sections. The lipid sulfatide (24:1), detected at m/z 888.8 by DESI imaging, was colocalized with the protein MBP isoform 8, detected at m/z 14117 by MALDI imaging, in regions corresponding to the corpus callosum substructure of the mouse brain, as confirmed in the H&E images. Correlation of lipid and protein distributions with histopathological features was also achieved for human brain cancer samples. Higher tumor cell density was observed in regions demonstrating higher relative abundances of oleic acid, detected by DESI imaging at m/z 281.4, and the protein calcyclin, detected by MALDI at m/z 10085, for a human glioma sample. Since correlation between molecular signatures and disease state can be achieved, we expect that this methodology will significantly enhance the value of MS imaging in molecular pathology for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia S Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (USA)
| | - Xioahui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Radiology, and Department of Medical Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 (USA)
| | - Christina R. Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (USA)
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115(USA)
| | - Nathalie Y.R. Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Radiology, and Department of Medical Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 (USA)
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (USA)
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55
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Crecelius AC, Alexandrov T, Schubert US. Application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging to monitor surface changes of UV-irradiated poly(styrene) films. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:2809-2814. [PMID: 21913259 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI-MSI) to monitor changes occurring at polymer surfaces. As an example, a poly(styrene) (PS) film was irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light at 254 nm for different time intervals, while areas of the film were protected from UV light by covering it with an aluminum mask. After the UV treatment, the polymer surface was analyzed by MALDI-MSI. Time-dependent photo-induced cross-linking of the polymer film was observed, and a correlation curve between UV radiation time and area of cross-linking was constructed. This represents the first step towards the surface analysis of polymer components of photoresists and top coatings of cars, and it will also enable a new characterization strategy for combinatorial material research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Crecelius
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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56
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Wei P, Blundon JA, Rong Y, Zakharenko SS, Morgan JI. Impaired locomotor learning and altered cerebellar synaptic plasticity in pep-19/PCP4-null mice. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:2838-44. [PMID: 21576365 PMCID: PMC3133400 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.05208-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PEP-19/PCP4 maps within the Down syndrome critical region and encodes a small, predominantly neuronal, IQ motif protein. Pep-19 binds calmodulin and inhibits calmodulin-dependent signaling, which is critical for synaptic function, and therefore alterations in Pep-19 levels may affect synaptic plasticity and behavior. To investigate its possible role, we generated and characterized pep-19/pcp4-null mice. Synaptic plasticity at excitatory synapses of cerebellar Purkinje cells, which express the highest levels of Pep-19, was dramatically altered in pep-19/pcp4-null mice. Instead of long-term depression, pep-19/pcp4-null mice exhibited long-term potentiation at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses. The mutant mice have a marked deficit in their ability to learn a locomotor task, as measured by improved performance upon repeated testing on an accelerating rotarod. Thus, our data indicate that pep-19/pcp4 is a critical determinant of synaptic plasticity in cerebellum and locomotor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 323, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678
| | - Jay A. Blundon
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 323, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678
| | - Yongqi Rong
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 323, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678
| | - Stanislav S. Zakharenko
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 323, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678
| | - James I. Morgan
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 323, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678
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57
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Hanrieder J, Wicher G, Bergquist J, Andersson M, Fex-Svenningsen A. MALDI mass spectrometry based molecular phenotyping of CNS glial cells for prediction in mammalian brain tissue. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:135-47. [PMID: 21553124 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The development of powerful analytical techniques for specific molecular characterization of neural cell types is of central relevance in neuroscience research for elucidating cellular functions in the central nervous system (CNS). This study examines the use of differential protein expression profiling of mammalian neural cells using direct analysis by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). MALDI-MS analysis is rapid, sensitive, robust, and specific for large biomolecules in complex matrices. Here, we describe a newly developed and straightforward methodology for direct characterization of rodent CNS glial cells using MALDI-MS-based intact cell mass spectrometry (ICMS). This molecular phenotyping approach enables monitoring of cell growth stages, (stem) cell differentiation, as well as probing cellular responses towards different stimulations. Glial cells were separated into pure astroglial, microglial, and oligodendroglial cell cultures. The intact cell suspensions were then analyzed directly by MALDI-TOF-MS, resulting in characteristic mass spectra profiles that discriminated glial cell types using principal component analysis. Complementary proteomic experiments revealed the identity of these signature proteins that were predominantly expressed in the different glial cell types, including histone H4 for oligodendrocytes and S100-A10 for astrocytes. MALDI imaging MS was performed, and signature masses were employed as molecular tracers for prediction of oligodendroglial and astroglial localization in brain tissue. The different cell type specific protein distributions in tissue were validated using immunohistochemistry. ICMS of intact neuroglia is a simple and straightforward approach for characterization and discrimination of different cell types with molecular specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Hanrieder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Drug Safety and Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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58
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Rauser S, Deininger SO, Suckau D, Höfler H, Walch A. Approaching MALDI molecular imaging for clinical proteomic research: current state and fields of application. Expert Rev Proteomics 2011; 7:927-41. [PMID: 21142893 DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MALDI imaging mass spectrometry ('MALDI imaging') is an increasingly recognized technique for biomarker research. After years of method development in the scientific community, the technique is now increasingly applied in clinical research. In this article, we discuss the use of MALDI imaging in clinical proteomics and put it in context with classical proteomics techniques. We also highlight a number of upcoming challenges for personalized medicine, development of targeted therapies and diagnostic molecular pathology where MALDI imaging could help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rauser
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, Germany
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59
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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:5040-55. [PMID: 21614190 PMCID: PMC3100838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11125040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is a powerful tool that enables the simultaneous detection and identification of biomolecules in analytes. MALDI-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) is a two-dimensional MALDI-mass spectrometric technique used to visualize the spatial distribution of biomolecules without extraction, purification, separation, or labeling of biological samples. MALDI-IMS has revealed the characteristic distribution of several biomolecules, including proteins, peptides, amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides, in various tissues. The versatility of MALDI-IMS has opened a new frontier in several fields such as medicine, agriculture, biology, pharmacology, and pathology. MALDI-IMS has a great potential for discovery of unknown biomarkers. In this review, we describe the methodology and applications of MALDI-IMS for biological samples.
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60
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Molecular mass spectrometry imaging in biomedical and life science research. Histochem Cell Biol 2010; 134:423-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-010-0753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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61
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Goodwin RJA, Lang AM, Allingham H, Borén M, Pitt AR. Stopping the clock on proteomic degradation by heat treatment at the point of tissue excision. Proteomics 2010; 10:1751-61. [PMID: 20217868 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of rapid and controlled heating of intact tissue to inactivate native enzymatic activity and prevent proteome degradation has been evaluated. Mouse brains were bisected immediately following excision, with one hemisphere being heat treated followed by snap freezing in liquid nitrogen while the other hemisphere was snap frozen immediately. Sections were cut by cryostatic microtome and analyzed by MALDI-MS imaging and minimal label 2-D DIGE, to monitor time-dependent relative changes in intensities of protein and peptide signals. Analysis by MALDI-MS imaging demonstrated that the relative intensities of markers varied across a time course (0-5 min) when the tissues were not stabilized by heat treatment. However, the same markers were seen to be stabilized when the tissues were heat treated before snap freezing. Intensity profiles for proteins indicative of both degradation and stabilization were generated when samples of treated and nontreated tissues were analyzed by 2-D DIGE, with protein extracted before and after a 10-min warming of samples. Thus, heat treatment of tissues at the time of excision is shown to prevent subsequent uncontrolled degradation of tissues at the proteomic level before any quantitative analysis, and to be compatible with downstream proteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J A Goodwin
- Division of Integrative and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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62
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Chughtai
- FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron M.A. Heeren
- FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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63
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Smith DJ. Mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse models of Parkinson's disease revealed by transcriptomics and proteomics. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2010; 41:487-91. [PMID: 19967437 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-009-9254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been long thought that neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD) is related to reactive oxygen species from mitochondrial dysfunction. However, there have been few investigations surveying both transcriptome and proteome in PD. This review focuses on recent work using microarrays and mass spectrometry to examine neurotoxicological models of PD in the mouse. Molecular pathways involved in oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress, apoptosis/cell death, signal transduction and neurotransmission were highlighted. Analysis of tyrosine nitration suggested that this important post-translational modification, due to conjugation of reactive oxygen species with nitric oxide, may play an important role in signal transduction as well as the molecular pathology of PD. Thus, the combined investigations highlight known pathways in PD but also point to new directions for research, implicating particularly the role of relatively understudied classes of post-translational modifications in normal cell signaling and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond J Smith
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, CHS 23-120, Box 951735, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1735, USA.
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64
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Combination of snap freezing, differential pH two-dimensional reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and iTRAQ technology for the peptidomic analysis of the effect of prolyl oligopeptidase inhibition in the rat brain. Anal Biochem 2009; 393:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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65
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Murayama C, Kimura Y, Setou M. Imaging mass spectrometry: principle and application. Biophys Rev 2009; 1:131. [PMID: 28509996 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-009-0015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is two-dimensional mass spectrometry to visualize the spatial distribution of biomolecules, which does not need either separation or purification of target molecules, and enables us to monitor not only the identification of unknown molecules but also the localization of numerous molecules simultaneously. Among the ionization techniques, matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is one of the most generally used for IMS, which allows the analysis of numerous biomolecules ranging over wide molecular weights. Proper selection and preparation of matrix is essential for successful imaging using IMS. Tandem mass spectrometry, which is referred to MSn, enables the structural analysis of a molecule detected by the first step of IMS. Applications of IMS were initially developed for studying proteins or peptides. At present, however, targets of IMS research have expanded to the imaging of small endogenous metabolites such as lipids, exogenous drug pharmacokinetics, exploring new disease markers, and other new scientific fields. We hope that this new technology will open a new era for biophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Murayama
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Molecular Imaging Frontier Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, 431-3192, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshishige Kimura
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Molecular Imaging Frontier Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, 431-3192, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Molecular Imaging Frontier Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, 431-3192, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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66
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Franck J, Arafah K, Elayed M, Bonnel D, Vergara D, Jacquet A, Vinatier D, Wisztorski M, Day R, Fournier I, Salzet M. MALDI imaging mass spectrometry: state of the art technology in clinical proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:2023-33. [PMID: 19451175 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r800016-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A decade after its inception, MALDI imaging mass spectrometry has become a unique technique in the proteomics arsenal for biomarker hunting in a variety of diseases. At this stage of development, it is important to ask whether we can consider this technique to be sufficiently developed for routine use in a clinical setting or an indispensable technology used in translational research. In this report, we consider the contributions of MALDI imaging mass spectrometry and profiling technologies to clinical studies. In addition, we outline new directions that are required to align these technologies with the objectives of clinical proteomics, including: 1) diagnosis based on profile signatures that complement histopathology, 2) early detection of disease, 3) selection of therapeutic combinations based on the individual patient's entire disease-specific protein network, 4) real time assessment of therapeutic efficacy and toxicity, 5) rational redirection of therapy based on changes in the diseased protein network that are associated with drug resistance, and 6) combinatorial therapy in which the signaling pathway itself is viewed as the target rather than any single "node" in the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Franck
- MALDI Imaging Team, Laboratoire de Neuroimmunologie des Annélides, IFR 147, CNR-FRE 2933, University of Lille1, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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67
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Nilsson A, Fälth M, Zhang X, Kultima K, Sköld K, Svenningsson P, Andrén PE. Striatal alterations of secretogranin-1, somatostatin, prodynorphin, and cholecystokinin peptides in an experimental mouse model of Parkinson disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:1094-104. [PMID: 19131325 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800454-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The principal causative pathology of Parkinson disease is the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta projecting to the striatum in the brain. The information regarding the expression of neuropeptides in parkinsonism is very limited. Here we have elucidated striatal neuropeptide mechanisms in experimental parkinsonism using the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine model to degenerate dopamine neurons. A thoroughly controlled sample preparation technique together with a peptidomics approach and targeted neuropeptide sequence collections enabled sensitive detection, identification, and relative quantitation of a great number of endogenous neuropeptides. Previously not recognized alterations in neuropeptide levels were identified in the unilateral lesioned mice with or without subchronic 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine administration, the conventional treatment of Parkinson disease. Several of these peptides originated from the same precursor such as secretogranin-1, somatostatin, prodynorphin, and cholecystokinin. Disease-related biotransformation of precursors into individual peptides was observed in the experimental model of Parkinson disease. Several previously unreported potentially biologically active peptides were also identified from the striatal samples. This study provides further evidence that neuropeptides take part in mediating the central nervous system failure associated with Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nilsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Medical Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
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68
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Abstract
Molecular mass spectrometric images of tissue sections facilitate precise location of biomolecules, drugs, their metabolites and the biomolecular aberrations they target. Technological developments are rapidly expanding the capabilities of imaging mass spectrometers. Speed, resolution, sensitivity, and sample preparation protocols are no longer limiting factors in its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Maarten Altelaar
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics FOM-AMOLF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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69
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Sowell RA, Owen JB, Butterfield DA. Proteomics in animal models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2009; 8:1-17. [PMID: 18703168 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) increases with age. AD and PD are the two most common neurodegenerative diseases that currently affect millions of persons within the United States population. While many clues about the mechanisms of these disorders have been uncovered, to date, the molecular mechanisms associated with the cause of these diseases are not completely understood. Furthermore, there are no available cures or preventive treatments for either disorder. Animal models of AD and PD, though not perfect, offer a means to gain knowledge of the basic biochemistry associated with these disorders and with drug efficacy. The field of proteomics which focuses on identifying the dynamic nature of the protein content expressed within a particular cell, tissue, or organism, has provided many insights into these disturbing disorders. Proteomic studies have revealed many pathways that are associated with disease pathogenesis and that may lead to the development of potential therapeutic targets. This review provides a discussion of key findings from AD and PD proteomics-based studies in various animal models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renã A Sowell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
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70
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Goodwin RJA, Dungworth JC, Cobb SR, Pitt AR. Time-dependent evolution of tissue markers by MALDI-MS imaging. Proteomics 2008; 8:3801-8. [PMID: 18712770 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have used MALDI-MS imaging (MALDI-MSI) to monitor the time dependent appearance and loss of signals when tissue slices are brought rapidly to room temperature for short to medium periods of time. Sections from mouse brain were cut in a cryostat microtome, placed on a MALDI target and allowed to warm to room temperature for 30 s to 3 h. Sections were then refrozen, fixed by ethanol treatment and analysed by MALDI-MSI. The intensity of a range of markers were seen to vary across the time course, both increasing and decreasing, with the intensity of some markers changing significantly within 30 s and markers also showed tissue location specific evolution. The markers resulting from this autolysis were compared directly to those that evolved in a comparable 16 h on-tissue trypsin digest, and the markers that evolved in the two studies were seen to be substantially different. These changes offer an important additional level of location-dependent information for mapping changes and seeking disease-dependent biomarkers in the tissue. They also indicate that considerable care is required to allow comparison of biomarkers between MALDI-MSI experiments and also has implications for the standard practice of thaw-mounting multiple tissue sections onto MALDI-MS targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J A Goodwin
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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71
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Pienaar IS, Daniels WMU, Götz J. Neuroproteomics as a promising tool in Parkinson's disease research. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2008; 115:1413-30. [PMID: 18523721 PMCID: PMC2862282 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-008-0070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the vast number of studies on Parkinson's disease (PD), its effective diagnosis and treatment remains unsatisfactory. Hence, the relentless search for an optimal cure continues. The emergence of neuroproteomics, with its sophisticated techniques and non-biased ability to quantify proteins, provides a methodology with which to study the changes in neurons that are associated with neurodegeneration. Neuroproteomics is an emerging tool to establish disease-associated protein profiles, while also generating a greater understanding as to how these proteins interact and undergo post-translational modifications. Furthermore, due to the advances made in bioinformatics, insight is created concerning their functional characteristics. In this review, we first summarize the most prominent proteomics techniques and then discuss the major advances in the fast-growing field of neuroproteomics in PD. Ultimately, it is hoped that the application of this technology will lead towards a presymptomatic diagnosis of PD, and the identification of risk factors and new therapeutic targets at which pharmacological intervention can be aimed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse S Pienaar
- Department of Medical Physiology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa.
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72
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Goodwin RJA, Pennington SR, Pitt AR. Protein and peptides in pictures: Imaging with MALDI mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2008; 8:3785-800. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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73
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Fournier I, Wisztorski M, Salzet M. Tissue imaging using MALDI-MS: a new frontier of histopathology proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2008; 5:413-24. [PMID: 18532909 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.5.3.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Modern pathology is an amalgam of many disciplines, such as microbiology, biochemistry and immunology, which historically have been intermingled with the practice of clinical medicine. For centuries, the pre-eminent pathological tool, at least in the context of patients, was a post-mortem examination. With the advent of optical microscopes, morphology became a predominant means of developing tissue classification. A further paradigm shift occurred in the attempt to understand the nature and origin of disease; the recognition that, ultimately, it is the derangement in the structure and function of genes and proteins that causes human disease. More recent progress in pathology has led to the use of genomics and molecular technologies, including DNA sequencing, microarray analysis, PCR, in situ hybridization and proteomics. Today, the newest frontier appears to be histopathology proteomics, which adds the mass spectrometer to the arsenal of tools for the direct analysis of tissue biopsies and molecular diagnosis. Typically called MALDI imaging, this technique takes mass spectral snapshots of intact tissue slices, revealing how proteins and peptides are spatially distributed within a given sample. In this review, MALDI imaging technology is presented as well as applications of such technology in cancer or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Fournier
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie des Annélides, FRE CNRS 2933, MALDI Imaging Team, University of Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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74
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75
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MALDI imaging mass spectrometry for direct tissue analysis: a new frontier for molecular histology. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 130:421-34. [PMID: 18618129 PMCID: PMC2522327 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful tool for investigating the distribution of proteins and small molecules within biological systems through the in situ analysis of tissue sections. MALDI-IMS can determine the distribution of hundreds of unknown compounds in a single measurement and enables the acquisition of cellular expression profiles while maintaining the cellular and molecular integrity. In recent years, a great many advances in the practice of imaging mass spectrometry have taken place, making the technique more sensitive, robust, and ultimately useful. In this review, we focus on the current state of the art of MALDI-IMS, describe basic technological developments for MALDI-IMS of animal and human tissues, and discuss some recent applications in basic research and in clinical settings.
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76
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Chin MH, Qian WJ, Wang H, Petyuk VA, Bloom JS, Sforza DM, Laćan G, Liu D, Khan AH, Cantor RM, Bigelow DJ, Melega WP, Camp DG, Smith RD, Smith DJ. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis revealed by proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of the striata in two mouse models of Parkinson's disease. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:666-77. [PMID: 18173235 DOI: 10.1021/pr070546l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the changes in the nigrostriatal pathway in Parkinson's disease (PD) are not completely understood. Here, we use mass spectrometry and microarrays to study the proteomic and transcriptomic changes in the striatum of two mouse models of PD, induced by the distinct neurotoxins 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and methamphetamine (METH). Proteomic analyses resulted in the identification and relative quantification of 912 proteins with two or more unique peptides and 86 proteins with significant abundance changes following neurotoxin treatment. Similarly, microarray analyses revealed 181 genes with significant changes in mRNA, following neurotoxin treatment. The combined protein and gene list provides a clearer picture of the potential mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration observed in PD. Functional analysis of this combined list revealed a number of significant categories, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress response, and apoptosis. These results constitute one of the largest descriptive data sets integrating protein and transcript changes for these neurotoxin models with many similar end point phenotypes but distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Chin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Human Genetics, Laboratory of NeuroImaging, Department of Neurology, and Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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77
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Kanazawa Y, Makino M, Morishima Y, Yamada K, Nabeshima T, Shirasaki Y. Degradation of PEP-19, a calmodulin-binding protein, by calpain is implicated in neuronal cell death induced by intracellular Ca2+ overload. Neuroscience 2008; 154:473-81. [PMID: 18502590 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels and, subsequently, hyperactivation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent processes might play an important role in the pathologic events following cerebral ischemia. PEP-19 is a neuronally expressed polypeptide that acts as an endogenous negative regulator of calmodulin by inhibiting the association of calmodulin with enzymes and other proteins. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effect of PEP-19 overexpression on cell death triggered by Ca2+ overload and how the polypeptide levels are affected by glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and cerebral ischemia. Expression of PEP-19 in HEK293T cells suppressed calmodulin-dependent signaling and protected against cell death elicited by Ca2+ ionophore. Likewise, primary cortical neurons overexpressing PEP-19 became resistant to glutamate-induced cell death. In immunoprecipitation assay, wild type PEP-19 associated with calmodulin, whereas mutated PEP-19, which contains mutations within the calmodulin binding site of PEP-19, failed to associate with calmodulin. We found that the mutation abrogates both the ability to suppress calmodulin-dependent signaling and to protect cells from death. Additionally, the endogenous PEP-19 levels in neurons were significantly reduced following glutamate exposure, this reduction precedes neuronal cell death and can be blocked by treatment with calpain inhibitors. These data suggest that PEP-19 is a substrate for calpain, and that the decreased PEP-19 levels result from its degradation by calpain. A similar reduction of PEP-19 also occurred in the hippocampus of gerbils subjected to transient global ischemia. In contrast to the reduction in PEP-19, no changes in calmodulin occurred following excitotoxicity, suggesting the loss of negative regulation of calmodulin by PEP-19. Taken together, these results provide evidence that PEP-19 overexpression enhances resistance to Ca2+-mediated cytotoxicity, which might be mediated through calmodulin inhibition, and also raises the possibility that PEP-19 degradation by calpain might produce an aberrant activation of calmodulin functions, which in turn causes neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kanazawa
- Biological Research Laboratories 1, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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78
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Clynen E, Baggerman G, Husson SJ, Landuyt B, Schoofs L. Peptidomics in drug research. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2008; 3:425-40. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.4.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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79
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Stauber J, Lemaire R, Franck J, Bonnel D, Croix D, Day R, Wisztorski M, Fournier I, Salzet M. MALDI Imaging of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues: Application to Model Animals of Parkinson Disease for Biomarker Hunting. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:969-78. [PMID: 18247558 DOI: 10.1021/pr070464x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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80
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Altelaar AFM, Luxembourg SL, McDonnell LA, Piersma SR, Heeren RMA. Imaging mass spectrometry at cellular length scales. Nat Protoc 2008; 2:1185-96. [PMID: 17546014 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2007.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) allows the direct investigation of both the identity and the spatial distribution of the molecular content directly in tissue sections, single cells and many other biological surfaces. In this protocol, we present the steps required to retrieve the molecular information from tissue sections using matrix-enhanced (ME) and metal-assisted (MetA) secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) IMS. These techniques require specific sample preparation steps directed at optimal signal intensity with minimal redistribution or modification of the sample analytes. After careful sample preparation, different IMS methods offer a unique discovery tool in, for example, the investigation of (i) drug transport and uptake, (ii) biological processing steps and (iii) biomarker distributions. To extract the relevant information from the huge datasets produced by IMS, new bioinformatics approaches have been developed. The duration of the protocol is highly dependent on sample size and technique used, but on average takes approximately 5 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Maarten Altelaar
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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81
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Burnum KE, Frappier SL, Caprioli RM. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry for the investigation of proteins and peptides. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2008; 1:689-705. [PMID: 20636094 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an excellent technology for molecular imaging because of its high data dimensionality. MS can monitor thousands of individual molecular data channels measured as mass-to-charge (m/z). We describe the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS for the image analysis of proteins, peptides, lipids, drugs, and metabolites in tissues. We discuss the basic instrumentation and sample preparation methods needed to produce high-resolution images and high image reproducibility. Matrix-addition protocols are briefly discussed along with normal operating procedures, and selected biological and medical applications of MALDI imaging MS are described. We give examples of both two- and three-dimensional imaging, including normal mouse embryo implantation, sperm maturation in mouse epididymis, protein distributions in brain sections, protein alterations as a result of drug administration, and protein changes in brain due to neurodegeneration and tumor formation. Advantages of this technology and future challenges for its improvement are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Burnum
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37221, USA.
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82
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Cornett DS, Reyzer ML, Chaurand P, Caprioli RM. MALDI imaging mass spectrometry: molecular snapshots of biochemical systems. Nat Methods 2007; 4:828-33. [PMID: 17901873 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 635] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is emerging as a powerful tool for investigating the distribution of molecules within biological systems through the direct analysis of thin tissue sections. Unique among imaging methods, MALDI-IMS can determine the distribution of hundreds of unknown compounds in a single measurement. We discuss the current state of the art of MALDI-IMS along with some recent applications and technological developments that illustrate not only its current capabilities but also the future potential of the technique to provide a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale S Cornett
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, 465 21st Avenue, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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83
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Fasano M, Bergamasco B, Lopiano L. The proteomic approach in Parkinson's disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2007; 1:1428-35. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200700264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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84
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Kaplan A, Söderström M, Fenyö D, Nilsson A, Fälth M, Sköld K, Svensson M, Pettersen H, Lindqvist S, Svenningsson P, Andrén PE, Björkesten L. An Automated Method for Scanning LC−MS Data Sets for Significant Peptides and Proteins, Including Quantitative Profiling and Interactive Confirmation. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:2888-95. [PMID: 17559249 DOI: 10.1021/pr060676e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Differential quantification of proteins and peptides by LC-MS is a promising method to acquire knowledge about biological processes, and for finding drug targets and biomarkers. However, differential protein analysis using LC-MS has been held back by the lack of suitable software tools. Large amounts of experimental data are easily generated in protein and peptide profiling experiments, but data analysis is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Here, we present a fully automated method for scanning LC-MS/MS data for biologically significant peptides and proteins, including support for interactive confirmation and further profiling. By studying peptide mixtures of known composition, we demonstrate that peptides present in different amounts in different groups of samples can be automatically screened for using statistical tests. A linear response can be obtained over almost 3 orders of magnitude, facilitating further profiling of peptides and proteins of interest. Furthermore, we apply the method to study the changes of endogenous peptide levels in mouse brain striatum after administration of reserpine, a classical model drug for inducing Parkinson disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Kaplan
- GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, SE-75184, Uppsala, Sweden
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85
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Svensson M, Sköld K, Nilsson A, Fälth M, Svenningsson P, Andrén PE. Neuropeptidomics: expanding proteomics downwards. Biochem Soc Trans 2007; 35:588-93. [PMID: 17511658 DOI: 10.1042/bst0350588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological function is mainly carried out by a dynamic population of proteins and peptides which may be used as markers for disease diagnosis, prognosis and as a guide for effective treatment. The study of proteins is called proteomics and it is generally performed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometric methods. However, gel-based proteomics is methodologically restricted from the low mass region, which includes important endogenous peptides. The study of endogenous peptides, peptidomics, is complicated by protein fragments produced post-mortem during conventional sample handling. Nanoflow liquid chromatography and MS, together with improved methods for sample preparation, have been used to semi-quantitatively monitor endogenous peptides in brain tissue. When rapidly heat-denatured brain tissue was analysed, these methods enabled simultaneous detection of hundreds of peptides and the identification of several endogenous peptides not previously described in the literature. In an application of the MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) model for Parkinson's disease, the expression of the small protein PEP-19 was compared with controls. The levels were found to be significantly decreased in the striatum of MPTP-treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Svensson
- Laboratory for Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, Box 583 Biomedical Centre, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
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86
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DeKeyser SS, Kutz-Naber KK, Schmidt JJ, Barrett-Wilt GA, Li L. Imaging mass spectrometry of neuropeptides in decapod crustacean neuronal tissues. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:1782-91. [PMID: 17381149 PMCID: PMC2529365 DOI: 10.1021/pr060603v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) of neuropeptides in crustacean neuronal tissues was performed on a MALDI-TOF/TOF instrument. Sample preparation protocols were developed for the sensitive detection of these highly complex endogenous signaling molecules. The neuromodulatory complements of the pericardial organ (PO) and brain of the Jonah crab, Cancer borealis, were mapped. Distributions of peptide isoforms belonging to 10 neuropeptide families were investigated using the IMS technique. Often, neuropeptides of high sequence homology were similarly located. However, two RFamide-family peptides and a truncated orcokinin peptide were mapped to locations distinct from other members of their respective families. Over 30 previously sequenced neuropeptides were identified based on mass measurement. For increased confidence of identification, select peptides were fragmented by post-source decay (PSD) and collisional-induced dissociation (CID). Collectively, this organ-level IMS study elucidates the spatial relationships between multiple neuropeptide isoforms of the same family as well as the relative distributions of neuropeptide families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S. DeKeyser
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705−2222, USA
| | - Kimberly K. Kutz-Naber
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705−2222, USA
| | - Joshua J. Schmidt
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705−2222, USA
| | | | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705−2222, USA
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87
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Ma M, Kutz-Naber KK, Li L. Methyl esterification assisted MALDI FTMS characterization of the orcokinin neuropeptide family. Anal Chem 2007; 79:673-81. [PMID: 17222036 DOI: 10.1021/ac061536r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methyl esterification of a peptide converts carboxylic acids, such as those present on the side chains of aspartic (D) and glutamic acid (E) as well as the free carboxyl terminus, to their corresponding methyl esters. This method has been applied to peptide and protein quantitation, de novo sequencing, and reduction of nonspecific binding in immobilized metal affinity chromatography for enrichment of phosphorylated peptides. In this study, we investigate the application of this derivatization reaction to the identification and characterization of the orcokinin neuropeptide family by screening and localizing the acidic side chains in peptides. The methyl esterification reaction drastically improves the fragmentation efficiency of modified orcokinins due to blockage of the aspartate selective cleavage pathway of the native orcokinin peptides. With the improved sustained off-resonance irradiation-collisional-induced dissociation spectra, the number and the locations of D and E residues are easily deduced. In addition, a side reaction that occurs at the carboxamide group of asparagine (N) is studied. The deamidation followed by subsequent methyl esterification reaction mechanism is proposed based on the study of an isotope-labeled standard N*FDEIDR. Reaction kinetics is studied by elevating the temperature from room temperature to 37 degrees C. The deamidation-methyl esterification products are greatly enhanced with elevated reaction temperature. Furthermore, we also explore the utility of this side reaction for rapid screening and characterization of C-terminally amidated neuropeptides. This derivatization reaction is applied to both in situ direct tissue neuropeptide analysis and the analysis of HPLC fractions from the separation of complex neuronal tissue extracts. Overall, this study reports a simple and effective method for profiling and localizing acidic amino acid residues (D/E), amide-containing residues (N/Q), and the C-terminal amide group in a peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Ma
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222, USA
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88
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Långström B, Andrén PE, Lindhe O, Svedberg M, Hall H. In Vitro Imaging Techniques in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Imaging Biol 2007; 9:161-75. [PMID: 17318669 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-007-0088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration induces various changes in the brain, changes that may be investigated using neuroimaging techniques. The in vivo techniques are useful for the visualization of major changes, and the progressing abnormalities may also be followed longitudinally. However, to study and quantify minor abnormalities, neuroimaging of postmortem brain tissue is used. These in vitro methods are complementary to the in vivo techniques and contribute to the knowledge of pathophysiology and etiology of the neurodegenerative diseases. In vitro radioligand autoradiography has given great insight in the involvement of different neuronal receptor systems in these diseases. Data on the dopamine and cholinergic systems in neurodegeneration are discussed in this review. Also, the amyloid plaques are studied using in vitro radioligand autoradiography. Using one of the newer methods, imaging matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, the distribution of a large number of peptides and proteins may be detected in vitro on brain cryosections. In this overview, we describe in vitro imaging techniques in the neurodegenerative diseases as a complement to in vivo positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Långström
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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89
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Taban IM, Altelaar AFM, van der Burgt YEM, McDonnell LA, Heeren RMA, Fuchser J, Baykut G. Imaging of peptides in the rat brain using MALDI-FTICR mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2007; 18:145-51. [PMID: 17055739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2006] [Revised: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Analytical methods are pursued to measure the identity and location of biomolecules down to the subcellular (microm) level. Available mass spectrometric imaging methods either compromise localization accuracy or identification accuracy in their analysis of surface biomolecules. In this study, imaging FTICR-MS is applied for the spatially resolved mass analysis of rat brain tissue with the aim to optimize protein identification by the high mass accuracy and online MS/MS capabilities of the technique. Mass accuracies up to 6 ppm were obtained in the direct MALDI-analysis of the tissue together with a spatial resolution of 200 microm. The spatial distributions of biomolecules differing in mass by less than 0.1 Da could be resolved, and are shown to differ significantly. Online MS/MS analysis of selected ions was demonstrated. A comparison of the FTICR-MS imaging results with stigmatic TOF imaging on the same sample is presented. To reduce the extended measuring times involved, it is recommended to restrict the FTICR-MS analyses to areas of interest as can be preselected by other, faster imaging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana M Taban
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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90
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Reyzer ML, Caprioli RM. MALDI-MS-based imaging of small molecules and proteins in tissues. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2006; 11:29-35. [PMID: 17185024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The direct analysis of tissues using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) enables both endogenous and exogenous compounds present in tissues to be detected with molecular specificity while maintaining their spatial orientation. This unique combination, coupled with excellent sensitivity and rapid analysis time, presents many potential advantages to a wide range of applications in diverse biological fields. Recent advances have shown how the technique can be applied to cancer research, neuroscience and pharmaceutical development. Examples include the use of unique protein profiles to classify human tumor tissues and predict patient outcomes, the discovery of protein changes in mouse cerebellum as a function of development, and the two-dimensional visualization of the distribution of a drug and first-pass metabolites in rat whole-body sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Reyzer
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Room 9160, Medical Research Building III, Nashville, TN 37232-8575 USA
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91
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Dowell JA, Heyden WV, Li L. Rat Neuropeptidomics by LC−MS/MS and MALDI−FTMS: Enhanced Dissection and Extraction Techniques Coupled with 2D RP-RP HPLC. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:3368-75. [PMID: 17137338 DOI: 10.1021/pr0603452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently developed sample preparation techniques employing microwave irradiation have enabled the comprehensive study of endogenous mammalian neuropeptides. These methods reduce interference from post-mortem protein degradation by deactivating proteases via heat denaturation. Alternatively, we have developed a protocol using cryostat dissection and a boiling extraction buffer to achieve a similar effect. This novel methodology greatly reduces post-mortem protein contamination and increases neuropeptide identification without the use of specialized equipment. In addition, a 2D HPLC scheme employing differential pH selectivity in the first and second dimensions has been used to enhance neuropeptidome coverage. By using our novel dissection protocol in tandem with 2D RP-RP HPLC, we were able to identify a total of 56 peptides from known neuropeptide precursors, including 17 previously unidentified peptides. The use of cryostat dissection and two-dimensional RP-RP HPLC enhances the detection of novel neuropeptides by deactivating proteases and reducing sample complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Dowell
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222, USA
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92
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Fälth M, Sköld K, Norrman M, Svensson M, Fenyö D, Andren PE. SwePep, a database designed for endogenous peptides and mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics 2006; 5:998-1005. [PMID: 16501280 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m500401-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A new database, SwePep, specifically designed for endogenous peptides, has been constructed to significantly speed up the identification process from complex tissue samples utilizing mass spectrometry. In the identification process the experimental peptide masses are compared with the peptide masses stored in the database both with and without possible post-translational modifications. This intermediate identification step is fast and singles out peptides that are potential endogenous peptides and can later be confirmed with tandem mass spectrometry data. Successful applications of this methodology are presented. The SwePep database is a relational database developed using MySql and Java. The database contains 4180 annotated endogenous peptides from different tissues originating from 394 different species as well as 50 novel peptides from brain tissue identified in our laboratory. Information about the peptides, including mass, isoelectric point, sequence, and precursor protein, is also stored in the database. This new approach holds great potential for removing the bottleneck that occurs during the identification process in the field of peptidomics. The SwePep database is available to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fälth
- Laboratory for Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry, Biomedical Centre, Box 583, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
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