51
|
Trimble RB, Galivan J, Maley F. The temporal expression of T2r + bacteriophage genes in vivo and in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1972; 69:1659-63. [PMID: 4558654 PMCID: PMC426772 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.69.7.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetic order of synthesis of deoxycytidylate deaminase (EC 3.5.4.12), deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase (EC 2.1.2.b), dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.3), 5-hydroxymethyldeoxycytidylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.4), and thymidylate synthetase (EC 2.1.1.b) after infection of Escherichia coli with T2r(+) bacteriophage was found not to correlate with their order of synthesis in an in vitro protein-synthesizing preparation. The in vivo and in vitro synthesis of enzyme-specific messenger RNA measured in the protein-synthesizing preparation preceded each enzyme by about 1 min. Through the use of sheared DNA, it was shown that the thymidylate synthetase gene was most susceptible to a loss in template activity, which suggests that this gene is further removed from its promoter than the other genes are from theirs. With a DNA segment of 2.5 x 10(5) daltons, the synthesis of dihydrofolate reductase alone was obtained, but at a much reduced rate. Translation of the RNA from phage-infected cells treated with chloramphenicol yielded amounts of dihydrofolate reductase and deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase activities similar to those obtained with RNA from untreated infected cells. These results suggest that the chloramphenicol RNA, which consists primarily of immediate-early RNA, may contain most, if not all, of the information required for the synthesis of phage dihydrofolate reductase and deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase.
Collapse
|
52
|
Mondal H, Ganguly A, Das A, Mandal RK, Biswas BB. Ribonucleic acid polymerase from eukaryotic cells. Effects of factors and rifampicin on the activity of RNA polymerase from chromatin of coconut nuclei. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1972; 28:143-50. [PMID: 5050257 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb01895.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
53
|
Ghysen A, Pironio M. Relationship between the N function of bacteriophage lambda and host RNA polymerase. J Mol Biol 1972; 65:259-72. [PMID: 5040359 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
54
|
Stevens A. New small polypeptides associated with DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli after infection with bacteriophage T4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1972; 69:603-7. [PMID: 4551978 PMCID: PMC426516 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.69.3.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Four new small polypeptides are associated with DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from E. coli after infection with T4 phage. The new polypeptides are easily detected in RNA polymerase from E. coli cells labeled with amino acids after phage infection. Their molecular weights range from 10,000 to 22,000, as detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. All four polypeptides are found after infection with either wild-type T4 phage or T4 early amber mutants in genes 44, 42, 47, and 46. None of the polypeptides is labeled significantly before 5 min after infection at 30 degrees . When two maturation-defective amber mutants in gene 55 of T4 phage are used for infection, a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 22,000 is absent. When a maturation-defective amber mutant in gene 33 of T4 phage is used, another small protein is absent.
Collapse
|
55
|
|
56
|
|
57
|
Bautz EK. Requlation of RNA Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
|
58
|
Grossman LI, Cryer DR, Goldring ES, Marmur J. The petite mutation in yeast. 3. Nearest-neighbor analysis of mitochondrial DNA from normal and mutant cells. J Mol Biol 1971; 62:565-75. [PMID: 4944600 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(71)90156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
59
|
Inhibition of host deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by T4 bacteriophage in the absence of protein synthesis. J Virol 1971; 8:754-8. [PMID: 4943684 PMCID: PMC376256 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.8.5.754-758.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The requirement for phage protein synthesis for the inhibition of host deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis has been investigated by using a phage mutant unable to catalyze the production of any phage deoxyribonucleic acid. It has been concluded that the major pathway whereby phage inhibit host syntheses requires protein synthesis. The inhibition of host syntheses by phage ghosts is not affected by inhibitors of protein synthesis.
Collapse
|
60
|
Schachner M, Zillig W. Fingerprint maps of tryptic peptides from subunits of Escherichia coli and T 4 -modified DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1971; 22:513-9. [PMID: 4942845 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
61
|
Schachner M, Seifert W, Zillig W. A correlation of changes in host and T 4 bacteriophage specific RNA synthesis with changes of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T 4 . EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1971; 22:520-8. [PMID: 4942846 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
62
|
Inhibition of replication of ribonucleic acid bacteriophage f2 by superinfection with bacteriophage T4. J Virol 1971; 8:417-29. [PMID: 4943076 PMCID: PMC376215 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.8.4.417-429.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Superinfection by phage T4 of cells infected by the ribonucleic acid (RNA) phage f2 results in inhibition of further f2 production. Experiments using rifampin show that the exclusion of f2 requires T4 gene function soon after T4 infection. By using a sensitive new peptide-mapping procedure to identify f2 coat protein in infected cells, we show that synthesis of the f2 coat occurs at a reduced level until 4 min after T4 superinfection and then ceases abruptly. Within 4 min after T4 superinfection, there are also several changes in f2 RNA metabolism, all of which require T4 gene function: preexisting f2 replicative intermediate RNA and f2 single-stranded RNA are degraded to small but still acid-precipitable fragments, and most f2-specific RNA is released from polyribosomes. We favor the hypothesis that T4 induces the synthesis of a specific endoribonuclease which degrades f2 RNA and that the inhibition of f2 protein synthesis may be a consequence of this degradation, rather than a direct effect of T4 upon translation.
Collapse
|
63
|
Pispa JP, Buchanan JM. Synthesis of bacteriophage T5 specific RNA in vitro. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 247:181-4. [PMID: 4946281 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(71)90823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
64
|
Jenkins JH, Crist SB, Jones OW. Release of RNA from a T 7 DNA template. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 246:442-9. [PMID: 4946835 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(71)90780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
65
|
Brody EN, Gold LM, Black LW. Transcription and translation of sheared bacteriophage T4 DNA in vitro. J Mol Biol 1971; 60:389-93. [PMID: 5099297 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(71)90301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
66
|
Black LW, Gold LM. Pre-replicative development of the bacteriophage T4: RNA and protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro. J Mol Biol 1971; 60:365-88. [PMID: 5099296 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(71)90300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
67
|
Witmer HJ. In Vitro Transcription of T4 Deoxyribonucleic Acid by Escherichia coli Ribonucleic Acid Polymerase. J Biol Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
68
|
Pulitzer JF, Yanagida M. Inactive T4 progeny virus formation in a temperature-sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli K12. Virology 1971; 45:539-54. [PMID: 4108181 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
69
|
Abstract
T-even bacteriophage-tolerant mutants are strains of Escherichia coli which can adsorb T-even phages but cannot support the growth of infective virus. Under some conditions, the infected cells are not killed. Mutant cells infected by phage T6 are able to carry out several metabolic functions associated with normal virus development, including arrest of bacterial nucleic acid and protein synthesis, incorporation of isotopic precursors into viral nucleic acids and proteins, synthesis of early enzymes of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) metabolism, formation of rapidly sedimenting DNA intermediates, and formation of normal levels of early and late messenger ribonucleic acid species. Phage are unable to mutate to forms capable of growth on these mutants. The nature of the biochemical alteration leading to tolerance is still unknown.
Collapse
|
70
|
Guha A, Szybalski W, Salser W, Geiduschek EP, Pulitzer JF, Bolle A. Controls and polarity of transcription during bacteriophage T4 development. J Mol Biol 1971; 59:329-49. [PMID: 5566419 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(71)90054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
71
|
Cohen SN, Hurwitz J. Further studies on the synthesis of RNA in vitro by enzyme--template complexes isolated from induced lambda lysogens. J Mol Biol 1971; 58:635-9. [PMID: 5559866 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(71)90378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
72
|
Louis BG, Fitt PS. Halobacterium cutirubrum RNA polymerase: Subunit composition and salt-dependent template specificity. FEBS Lett 1971; 14:143-145. [PMID: 11945741 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(71)80089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B G. Louis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ottawa, 2, Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
|
74
|
Chesterton CJ, Butterworth PH. Selective extraction of form I DNA dependent RNA polymerase from rat liver nuclei and its separation into two species. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1971; 19:232-241. [PMID: 5552392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
|
75
|
Ishihama A, Murakami S, Fukuda R, Matsukage A, Kameyama T. The nature of initiation sites on DNA for the core RNA polymerase. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1971; 111:66-76. [PMID: 5087425 DOI: 10.1007/bf00286555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
76
|
Oxman MN, Levin MJ. Interferon and transcription of early virus-specific RNA in cells infected with simian virus 40. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1971; 68:299-302. [PMID: 5277073 PMCID: PMC388922 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.2.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with interferon reduced the content of early virus-specific RNA, as well as the content of an early viral protein (T antigen), in monkey cells acutely infected with simian virus 40 (SV40). This unexpected finding suggests either that the action of interferon involves inhibition of the transcription of early SV40 messenger RNA, or that the SV40 genome contains a "proto-early" gene whose product is required for the transcription of the remaining early genes.
Collapse
|
77
|
|
78
|
Burgess RR, Travers AA. [42] Purification of the RNA polymerase sigma factor. Methods Enzymol 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(71)21044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
|
79
|
|
80
|
|
81
|
Berg D, Barrett K, Chamberlin M. [43] Purification of two forms of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and of sigma component. Methods Enzymol 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(71)21045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
82
|
Fabricant R, Kennell D. Inhibition of host protein synthesis during infection of Escherichi coli by bacteriophage T4. 3. Inhibition by ghosts. J Virol 1970; 6:772-81. [PMID: 4924629 PMCID: PMC376194 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.6.6.772-781.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-less T2 "ghosts" were prepared by osmotic shock and purified by KBr density gradient centrifugation. Escherichia coli B was treated with these ghosts in inorganic salts-glycerol medium to see which features of phage infection could be elicited by ghosts. At a multiplicity that was just sufficient to block induction of beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23), 89% of the bacteria were killed and the rates of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and DNA synthesis were about 10 to 15% of normal. However, protein synthesis was almost completely blocked but resumed after 30 min. During this period, it was possible to induce messenger RNA (mRNA) from the lactose operon, although this mRNA could not be translated into active beta-galactosidase. These results suggest to us that the viable cells surviving ghost infection synthesize nucleic acids at close to a normal rate but are temporarily blocked in protein synthesis. The continued formation of untranslated host mRNA mimics the pattern of bacterial synthesis just after whole-phage infection, and is consistent with the interpretation that the immediate block in the initiation of host translation by these viruses is due to their attachment.
Collapse
|
83
|
|
84
|
Martelo OJ, Woo SL, Reimann EM, Davie EW. Effect of protein kinase on ribonucleic acid polymerase. Biochemistry 1970; 9:4807-13. [PMID: 4320542 DOI: 10.1021/bi00826a027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
85
|
|
86
|
Stevens A. An isotopic study of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of E. coli following T4 phage infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1970; 41:367-73. [PMID: 4931930 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(70)90513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
87
|
Chamberlin M, McGrath J, Waskell L. New RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T7. Nature 1970; 228:227-31. [PMID: 4920917 DOI: 10.1038/228227a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
88
|
Ihler G, Nakada D. Selective binding of ribosomes to initiation sites on single-stranded DNA from bacterial viruses. Nature 1970; 228:239-42. [PMID: 4920920 DOI: 10.1038/228239a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
89
|
Onishi T. Studies on the mechanism of decrease in the RNA content in liver cells of fasted rats. II. The mechanism of starvation-induced decrease in RNA polymerase activity in liver. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 217:384-93. [PMID: 5473190 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(70)90536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
90
|
|
91
|
|
92
|
Okano P, Bacon K, Rosenberg E. Ribonucleic acid synthesis during microcyst formation in Myxococcus xanthus: characterization by deoxyribonucleic acid-ribonucleic acid hybridization. J Bacteriol 1970; 104:275-82. [PMID: 5473896 PMCID: PMC248211 DOI: 10.1128/jb.104.1.275-282.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The technique of deoxyribonucleic acid-ribonucleic acid (RNA) hybridization was used to compare the RNA synthesized during vegetative growth and microcyst formation in Myxococcus xanthus. All classes of RNA, including ribosomal RNA, were synthesized during microcyst formation. The results indicate that the ribosomal RNA synthesized during microcyst formation was indistinguishable from that made during vegetative growth. Hybridization competition experiments demonstrated that certain messenger RNA species are synthesized only during vegetative growth, whereas others are synthesized only during microcyst formation. The synthesis of a new species of RNA polymerase does not appear to be responsible for differential transcription during morphogenesis in M. xanthus since the rifampicin sensitivity of transcription was conserved during microcyst formation.
Collapse
|
93
|
|
94
|
Losick R, Shorenstein RG, Sonenshein AL. Structural alteration of RNA polymerase during sporulation. Nature 1970; 227:910-3. [PMID: 4988657 DOI: 10.1038/227910a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
95
|
|
96
|
Young ET, van Houwe G. Control of synthesis of glucosyl transferase and lysozyme messengers after T4 infection. J Mol Biol 1970; 51:605-19. [PMID: 4923861 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
97
|
Abstract
Both cyclic AMP and a specific inducer acting in concert are required for the synthesis of many inducible enzymes in E. coli. Little enzyme is made in the absence of either. In contrast to the specific inducers which stimulate the synthesis only of the proteins required for their metabolism, cyclic AMP controls the synthesis of many proteins. Glucose and certain other carbohydrates decrease the differential rate of synthesis of inducible enzymes by lowering cyclic AMP concentrations. In the lac operon, cyclic AMP acts at the promoter site to facilitate initiation of transcription. This action requires another protein, the cyclic AMP receptor protein. The nucleotide stimulates tryptophanase synthesis at a translational level. The action of cyclic AMP in E. coli may serve as a model to understand its action on transcriptional and translational processes in eukaryotes.
Collapse
|
98
|
|
99
|
Crippa M, Tocchini-Valentini GP. Performance of a bacterial RNA polymerase factor in an amphibian oocyte. Nature 1970; 226:1243-4. [PMID: 4912321 DOI: 10.1038/2261243a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
100
|
|