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Younossi Z, Blissett D, Blissett R, Henry L, Younossi Y, Beckerman R, Hunt S. In an era of highly effective treatment, hepatitis C screening of the United States general population should be considered. Liver Int 2018; 38:258-265. [PMID: 28719013 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment with all oral direct acting antiviral agents (DAA's) achieve sustained virologic response (SVR) rates of 98%. Re-assessment of general US population screening for HCV is imperative. This study compared the cost-effectiveness (CE) of three HCV screening strategies: screen all (SA), screen Birth Cohort (BCS), and screen high risks (HRS). METHODS Using a previous designed decision-analytic Markov model, estimations of the natural history of HCV and CE evaluation of the three HCV screening strategies over a lifetime horizon in the US population was undertaken. Based on age and risk status, 16 cohorts were modelled. Health states included: Fibrosis stages 0 to 4, decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, LT, post-LT, and death. The probability of liver disease progression was based on the presence or absence of virus. Treatment was with approved all-oral DAAs; 86% were assumed to be seen annually by a primary care provider; SVR rates, transition probabilities, utilities, and costs were from the literature. One-way sensitivity analyses tested the impact of key model drivers. RESULTS SA cost $272.0 billion [$135 279 per patient] and led to 12.19 QALYs per patient. BCS and HRS cost $274.5 billion ($136 568 per patient) and $284.5 billion ($141 502 per patient) with 11.65 and 11.25 QALYs per patient respectively. Compared to BCS, SA led to an additional 0.54 QALYs per patient and saved $2.59 billion; compared to HRS, SA led to 0.95 additional QALYs per patient and saved $12.5 billion. CONCLUSIONS Screening the entire US population and treating active viraemia was projected as cost-saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobair Younossi
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Linda Henry
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Youssef Younossi
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Sharon Hunt
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington, DC, USA
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Health-related Quality of Life in Adolescent Patients With Hepatitis C Genotype 1 Treated With Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 66:112-116. [PMID: 28957984 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the effect of treatment with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) on the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of pediatric patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. METHODS Adolescents (12-17 years) with HCV were treated with LDV/SOF (90/400 mg daily) for 12 weeks. HRQL was assessed using the PedsQLv4.0-SF15 completed by the children and caregivers before, during, and after treatment. RESULTS We included 100 adolescents with HCV genotype 1 infection (14.7 ± 2.0 years, 1% known cirrhosis, 80% treatment-naïve, 97% sustained virologic response-12). At baseline, HRQL the caregiver- perceived HRQL scores were lower than adolescents' self-reported scores (by 6.7-7.9 points, all P < 0.01). At the end of 12 weeks of treatment, however, the caregiver-reported HRQL scores showed a significant improvement (+all P < 0.04), whereas the adolescents' self-reported scores did not change from the baseline. HRQL scores reported by caregivers remained higher than baseline (by +4.7-+7.5, P < 0.01) through 12 weeks after treatment, as did the adolescents' self-reported Emotional Functioning scores (+4.3 from baseline, P = 0.0009); observed improvements were sustained after 24 weeks of follow-up (all P < 0.04). Multivariate analysis showed that, after adjustment for location, age, and sex, having a history of anxiety and panic disorders were consistent predictors of impaired HRQL in adolescents with HCV infection (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Treatment of HCV in adolescents with LDV/SOF is associated with some improvement in HRQL. Caregivers' reports of HRQL in adolescents with HCV significantly increased with treatment and were similar to the adolescent self-reported HRQL after sustained virologic response-12.
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Ng X, Nwankwo C, Arduino JM, Corman S, Lasch KE, Lustrino JM, Patel S, Platt HL, Qiu J, Sperl J. Patient-reported outcomes in individuals with hepatitis C virus infection treated with elbasvir/grazoprevir. Patient Prefer Adherence 2018; 12:2631-2638. [PMID: 30587935 PMCID: PMC6294167 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s172732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE People chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) have diminished patient-reported outcomes (PROs). This study aimed to compare the impact of elbasvir/grazoprevir (EBR/GZR) treatment versus sofosbuvir with pegylated interferon and ribavirin (SOF/PR) on changes in PROs: 1) during the treatment period and 2) at posttreatment follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS PRO data collected during the Phase III C-EDGE Head-2-Head (H2H) open-label study was analyzed. In this trial, patients infected with HCV were randomized 1:1 to receive either EBR/GZR or SOF/PR for 12 weeks. Patients self-administered the Short Form-36 version 2 (SF-36v2®) Health Survey Acute (1-week recall) Form and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue) Scale at baseline, during treatment, and posttreatment. Between-group differences in mean change of PRO scores from baseline were estimated during the treatment period and also at the posttreatment follow-up. Effect sizes were calculated to evaluate if the detected change in mean PRO scores is clinically meaningful between groups. RESULTS There were 255 patients (99.2% White, 54.1% female, 74.9% treatment naïve) included in the analysis. During the treatment period, significant declines in SF-36v2 scores were observed across all domains for the SOF/PR group. Compared to the SOF/PR group, the EBR/GZR group reported more improvement in scores across all SF-36v2 domain scores at the end of the treatment period. At treatment week 12, the between-group differences for 6 out of the 8 domain scores for these patients reflected at least moderate effects (effect sizes >0.5). No significant between-group differences in change in SF-36v2 scores from baseline were detected posttreatment. The decline in SF-36v2 scores observed during the treatment period for the SOF/PR group returned to near baseline scores or above posttreatment. Treatment with EBR/GZR did not impact fatigue scores, but treatment with SOF/PR led to increased fatigue scores during treatment which resolved by posttreatment follow-up week 12. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that HCV treatment with EBR/GZR resulted in a significantly better PRO profile as compared to SOF/PR. PROs are an important consideration as worsening PROs experienced during treatment may negatively influence adherence and ultimately contribute to an unfavorable clinical outcome. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT02358044.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ng
- Pharmerit International, LP, Bethesda, MD, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan Sperl
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Jacobson IM, Asselah T, Gane EJ, Lawitz E, Foster GR, Roberts SK, Thompson AJ, Willems BE, Welzel TM, Pearlman B, Younossi I, Racila A, Henry L. Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir with or without voxilaprevir in direct-acting antiviral-naïve chronic hepatitis C: patient-reported outcomes from POLARIS 2 and 3. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 47:259-267. [PMID: 29181842 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C infection leads to impairment of patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Treatment with direct-acting antiviral regimens results in short- and long-term improvement of these outcomes. AIM To assess PROs in patients treated with a newly developed direct-acting antiviral, a fixed-dose combination of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) with/without voxilaprevir (VOX). METHODS The PRO data were collected from participants of POLARIS-2 and POLARIS-3 clinical trials (DAA-naïve, all HCV genotypes). Participants self-administered SF-36v2, FACIT-F, CLDQ-HCV and WPAI:SHP instruments at baseline, during treatment, and in follow-up. RESULTS Of 1160 patients, 611 received SOF/VEL/VOX and 549 received SOF/VEL (52.8 ± 11.0 years, 55.9% male, 75.4% treatment-naïve, 33.9% cirrhotic). The sustained viral response at 12 weeks (SVR12) rates were 95%-98%. During treatment, improvements in most PRO scores were significant (all but one P < .01) and ranged from, on average, +2.3 to +15.0 points (on a 0-100 scale) by the end of treatment. These improvements were similar between SOF/VEL/VOX and SOF/VEL arms (all P > .05). After treatment discontinuation, patients treated with both regimens achieved significant and clinically meaningful PRO gains (+2.7 to +16.7 by post-treatment week 12, +3.9 to +20.1 by post-treatment week 24; all but one P < .001). Multivariate analysis showed that depression, anxiety and cirrhosis were the most consistent independent predictors of PRO impairment while no association of PROs with the treatment regimen choice was found (all P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The pan-genotypic regimens with SOF/VEL with or without VOX not only have excellent efficacy and safety, but also significantly positively impact patients' experience both during treatment and after achieving sustained virologic response in DAA-naïve patients with HCV.
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Perumalswami PV, Talal AH. Improvements in Quality of Life: A New Indication for Treating Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Persons With Substance Use Disorders. J Infect Dis 2017; 217:1020-1023. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ponni V Perumalswami
- Division of Hepatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Andrew H Talal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
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Stepanova M, Thompson A, Doyle J, Younossi I, de Avila L, Younossi ZM. Hepatitis C Virus–Infected Patients Receiving Opioid Substitution Therapy Experience Improvement in Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Treatment With Interferon-Free Regimens. J Infect Dis 2017; 217:1033-1043. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stepanova
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Diseases, Washington, D. C
| | | | - Joseph Doyle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Monash University
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Issah Younossi
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Diseases, Washington, D. C
| | - Leyla de Avila
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - Zobair M Younossi
- Center for Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia
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Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Sulkowski M, Wyles D, Kottilil S, Hunt S. Patient-reported outcomes in patients co-infected with hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus treated with sofosbuvir and velpatasvir: The ASTRAL-5 study. Liver Int 2017; 37:1796-1804. [PMID: 28470938 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM The fixed-dose combination of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) is a ribavirin-free pan-genotypic regimen with high efficacy. We assessed the impact of SOF/VEL on patient-reported outcomes (PRO) of HIV-HCV co-infected patients. METHODS HIV-HCV co-infected patients were treated with 12 weeks of SOF/VEL (400 mg/100 mg daily). All subjects completed four PRO questionnaires [CLDQ-HCV, SF-36, FACIT-F and WPAI:SHP] before, during and post-treatment. RESULTS ASTRAL-5 enrolled 106 HIV-HCV co-infected patients on stable antiretroviral therapy (age: 54.2±0.9 years, cirrhosis: 17.9%, HCV genotype 1: 73.6%). SVR-12 was achieved by 95.3% of subjects. By week 4 of treatment, PRO scores improved from the baselines levels in 12 out of 26 calculated PRO domains (on average, +1.9 to +7.4 points on a universal 0-100 PRO scale, all P<.05). By the end of treatment, improvements were seen in 20/26 PRO domains (+2.5% to +11.9%, P<.03). There were no significant decrements in any PRO domains during treatment. By follow-up week 12, patients who achieved SVR-12 experienced significant improvement in 19/26 of their PRO domains (+3.2% to +13.3%, P<.05). After controlling for baseline psychiatric co-morbidities, improvements in PRO scores during treatment with SOF/VEL were similar to those seen in matched HCV-mono-infected patients treated with the same regimen (ASTRAL-1 study). In multivariate analysis, pre-treatment anxiety and concomitant use of opioids were the most consistent significant (P<.05) predictors of PRO impairment in HIV-HCV patients. CONCLUSIONS Patients with HIV-HCV treated with SOF/VEL experience very high efficacy accompanied by early and sustained improvement of patient-reported outcomes covering all aspects of patients' experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobair M Younossi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA.,Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | | | | | - David Wyles
- University of California in San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sharon Hunt
- Center for Outcomes Research, Washington, DC, USA
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Corman S, Elbasha EH, Michalopoulos SN, Nwankwo C. Cost-Utility of Elbasvir/Grazoprevir in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 1 Infection. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2017; 20:1110-1120. [PMID: 28964443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-utility of treatment with elbasvir/grazoprevir (EBR/GZR) regimens compared with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF), ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir + dasabuvir ± ribavirin (3D ± RBV), and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype (GT) 1 infection. METHODS A Markov cohort state-transition model was constructed to evaluate the cost-utility of EBR/GZR ± RBV over a lifetime time horizon from the payer perspective. The target population was patients infected with chronic hepatitis C GT1 subtypes a or b (GT1a or GT1b), stratified by treatment history (treatment-naive [TN] or treatment-experienced), presence of cirrhosis, baseline hepatitis C virus RNA (< or ≥6 million IU/mL), and presence of NS5A resistance-associated variants. The primary outcome was incremental cost-utility ratio for EBR/GZR ± RBV versus available oral direct-acting antiviral agents. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the model. RESULTS EBR/GZR ± RBV was economically dominant versus LDV/SOF in all patient populations. EBR/GZR ± RBV was also less costly than SOF/VEL and 3D ± RBV, but produced fewer quality-adjusted life-years in select populations. In the remaining populations, EBR/GZR ± RBV was economically dominant. One-way sensitivity analyses showed varying sustained virologic response rates across EBR/GZR ± RBV regimens, commonly impacted model conclusions when lower bound values were inserted, and at the upper bound resulted in dominance over SOF/VEL in GT1a cirrhotic and GT1b TN noncirrhotic patients. Results of the probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that EBR/GZR ± RBV was cost-effective in more than 99% of iterations in GT1a and GT1b noncirrhotic patients and more than 69% of iterations in GT1b cirrhotic patients. CONCLUSIONS Compared with other oral direct-acting antiviral agents, EBR/GZR ± RBV was the economically dominant regimen for treating GT1a noncirrhotic and GT1b TN cirrhotic patients, and was cost saving in all other populations.
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Abstract
It is critical to recognize that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is, in fact, a multifaceted systemic disease with both hepatic and extrahepatic complications. It is also important to recognize that the comprehensive burden of HCV should include not only its clinical burden but also its burden on the economic and patient-reported outcomes. It is only through this comprehensive approach to HCV infection that we can fully appreciate its true burden and understand the full benefit of curing HCV for the patient and the society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobair M Younossi
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA; Department of Medicine, Center for Liver Disease, Inova Fairfax Hospital, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA.
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Abstract
The economic burden of chronic hepatitis C might exceed $10 billion annually in the United States alone. This disease has a worldwide prevalence of up to 3%, making the global burden of the disease comparably tremendous. The cost of the disease includes direct medical expenses for its hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations, and also indirect costs incurred from impaired quality of life and the loss of work productivity. Recent emergence of treatment options that are not only highly effective and safe but also costly has emphasized the need to study the disease from the economic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stepanova
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Diseases, 2411 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
| | - Zobair M Younossi
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Diseases, 2411 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA; Department of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA.
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61
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Golabi P, Sayiner M, Bush H, Gerber LH, Younossi ZM. Patient-Reported Outcomes and Fatigue in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection. Clin Liver Dis 2017; 21:565-578. [PMID: 28689594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue is a common symptom. Diagnosis is difficult. Fatigue is often a complex symptom. In the recent years, fatigue has gained considerable amount of attention. It has 2 major types, central and peripheral, which may occur together or alone. Although fatigue has many strong relations with depression and sleep disorders, it is a separate entity. For the diagnosis of fatigue, self-reports and patient-reported outcomes are highly valuable tools because these methods can reflect patients' perceptions. Treating the underlying disease with newly developed direct-acting antivirals often improves the perceived fatigue. Healthy lifestyle changes are the cornerstone of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Golabi
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health system, Claude Moore Health Education and Research Building, 3rd floor, 300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
| | - Mehmet Sayiner
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health system, Claude Moore Health Education and Research Building, 3rd floor, 300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA; Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Claude Moore Health Education and Research Building, 3rd floor, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
| | - Haley Bush
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health system, Claude Moore Health Education and Research Building, 3rd floor, 300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
| | - Lynn H Gerber
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health system, Claude Moore Health Education and Research Building, 3rd floor, 300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA; Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Claude Moore Health Education and Research Building, 3rd floor, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
| | - Zobair M Younossi
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health system, Claude Moore Health Education and Research Building, 3rd floor, 300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA; Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Claude Moore Health Education and Research Building, 3rd floor, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA.
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Ramos-Casals M, Zignego AL, Ferri C, Brito-Zerón P, Retamozo S, Casato M, Lamprecht P, Mangia A, Saadoun D, Tzioufas AG, Younossi ZM, Cacoub P. Evidence-based recommendations on the management of extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol 2017; 66:1282-1299. [PMID: 28219772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ramos-Casals
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases Josep Font, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Autoimmune Diseases, ICMiD, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Linda Zignego
- Interdepartmental Center MASVE, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Clodoveo Ferri
- Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Pilar Brito-Zerón
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases Josep Font, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Autoimmune Diseases, ICMiD, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital CIMA- Sanitas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Retamozo
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases Josep Font, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Rheumatology Department, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES EN CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD (INICSA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET - CORDOBA - Argentina
| | - Milvia Casato
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Lamprecht
- Department of Rheumatology & Vasculitis Center, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alessandra Mangia
- Liver Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - David Saadoun
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7211, and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 959, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, FRE3632, F-75005 Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Athanasios G Tzioufas
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Zobair M Younossi
- Chairman, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Vice President for Research, Inova Health System, Professor of Medicine, VCU-Inova Campus, The Claude Moore Health Education and Research Center, Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Patrice Cacoub
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7211, and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 959, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, FRE3632, F-75005 Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, F-75013 Paris, France
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Effectiveness and Tolerability of Direct Acting Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis C in a Real World Elderly Cohort. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 15:603-604. [PMID: 27989848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Marcellin F, Roux P, Protopopescu C, Duracinsky M, Spire B, Carrieri MP. Patient-reported outcomes with direct-acting antivirals for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: current knowledge and outstanding issues. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11:259-268. [PMID: 28116926 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2017.1285227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) play a key role in the evaluation of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The main PROs of particular interest in CHC include quality of life (QoL), fatigue and its functional repercussions, work productivity, adherence to treatment, and risk behaviors. Areas covered: This study summarizes the body of knowledge regarding PROs in CHC with DAA-based therapy. Outstanding related issues are presented and discussed. Expert commentary: Current knowledge on PROs with CHC mainly relies on clinical trial data. All-oral DAA regimens are associated with minimal QoL impairment and symptom burden, rapid recovery once treatment has ended, and improvement in PROs for a non-negligible proportion of treated patients, especially HCV clearers. Further research is needed to analyze both long-term changes in PROs, and PROs in specific populations including people who use drugs, comorbid patients and patients at risk of reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Marcellin
- a Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale , Marseille , France.,b ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur , Marseille , France
| | - Perrine Roux
- a Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale , Marseille , France.,b ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur , Marseille , France
| | - Camelia Protopopescu
- a Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale , Marseille , France.,b ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur , Marseille , France
| | - Martin Duracinsky
- c EA 7334 REMES, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research , University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,d URC-ECO, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, AP-HP , Paris , France.,e Service de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique , Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP , Kremlin-Bicêtre , France
| | - Bruno Spire
- a Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale , Marseille , France.,b ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur , Marseille , France
| | - Maria Patrizia Carrieri
- a Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale , Marseille , France.,b ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur , Marseille , France
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Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Feld J, Zeuzem S, Sulkowski M, Foster GR, Mangia A, Charlton M, O'Leary JG, Curry MP, Nader F, Henry L, Hunt S. Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir Combination Improves Patient-reported Outcomes for Patients With HCV Infection, Without or With Compensated or Decompensated Cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 15:421-430.e6. [PMID: 27847279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The combination of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir is used to treat patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection of different genotypes. We compared the effects of this treatment regimen, with and without ribavirin, on outcomes reported by patients (patient-reported outcomes [PROs]) with HCV infection, with or without cirrhosis. METHODS We performed a post hoc analysis of data collected from phase 3 clinical trials (ASTRAL-1, -2, -3, and -4) of 1701 patients infected with HCV of different genotypes treated with sofosbuvir and velpatasvir with ribavirin for 12 weeks (n = 87), sofosbuvir with ribavirin for 12 or 24 weeks (n = 401), and ribavirin-free sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for 12 or 24 weeks (n = 1213). In all trials, participants completed 4 PRO questionnaires (while blinded to their HCV RNA levels): the Short Form-36, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue, the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-HCV Version, and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: Specific Health Problem, at multiple time points. We compared baseline PROs and changes in PROs following treatment in patients without cirrhosis (n = 1112), with compensated cirrhosis (n = 338), and with decompensated cirrhosis (n = 251). RESULTS Baseline PRO scores were as much as 33.5% lower in patients with decompensated cirrhosis than in patients without cirrhosis (P < .05). Following treatment with ribavirin-containing regimens, changes in PRO scores were similar among patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis (all P > .01). Treatment with these regimens increased some PRO scores by as much as 11.8% from baseline (P < .05) and reduced others, by as much as 7.1% (P < .05). Despite this, by 12 weeks after cessation of treatment with ribavirin-containing regimens, all PRO decrements resolved; PRO scores increased by as much as 14.2%, and as much as 17.1% at 24 weeks after treatment, regardless of cirrhosis status (all P > .01 between cirrhosis groups). In contrast, treatment with ribavirin-free sofosbuvir and velpatasvir increased PRO scores for patients with compensated cirrhosis, and even more so in patients with decompensated cirrhosis starting at treatment Week 4; no statistically significant decrement was observed at any time point (all 1-sided P values > .05). In multivariate analysis, compensated cirrhosis was associated with a 2.3% to 5.0% greater increase in PRO scores following treatment with sofosbuvir and velpatasvir (P < .05); decompensated cirrhosis was associated with a 5.5%-9.1% greater increase (P < .002). Clinicaltrials.gov number, NCT02201940, NCT02220998, NCT02201953, NCT02201901. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of data from 4 phase 3 clinical trials, we found that patients with HCV infection (especially those with decompensated cirrhosis) have significant increases in their PRO scores during treatment with sofosbuvir and velpatasvir and after achieving a sustained virologic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobair M Younossi
- Center for Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia.
| | - Maria Stepanova
- Center for Outcomes Research, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jordan Feld
- Toronto Center for Liver Disease, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Medical Center, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Alessandra Mangia
- Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Fatema Nader
- Center for Outcomes Research, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Linda Henry
- Center for Outcomes Research, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sharon Hunt
- Center for Outcomes Research, Washington, District of Columbia
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Dental Age and Tooth Development in Orthodontic Patients with Agenesis of Permanent Teeth. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8683970. [PMID: 28331854 PMCID: PMC5346386 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8683970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To compare the development of permanent teeth in a group of children with the congenitally missing permanent teeth (CMPT) and corresponding nonaffected group. Methods. The formation stages of all developing permanent teeth were determined on 345 panoramic radiographs (OPTs) by the method of Haavikko (1970), and dental age was calculated. The paired samples t-test was used to compare the differences between dental age (DA) and chronological age (CA) in those with CMPT and those not affected. Spearman test was used to evaluate the correlation between DA-CA and the number of missing teeth. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the development of the teeth adjacent to the place of the agenesis with matched pair in corresponding nonaffected group. Results. Dental age was significantly delayed in CMPT children compared to the nonaffected group (p < 0.001). The mean differences were −0.57 ± 1.20 years and −0.61 ± 1.23 years in males and females, without difference between sexes (p = 0.763). The number of missing teeth affected the delay only in females (p = 0.024). Only mesial teeth in females were significantly delayed in development when compared to the nonaffected group (p = 0.007). Conclusion. Our findings show that the development of the permanent teeth is delayed when compared to the nonaffected group of the same sex and age.
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Younossi ZM, Tanaka A, Eguchi Y, Lim YS, Yu ML, Kawada N, Dan YY, Brooks-Rooney C, Negro F, Mondelli MU. The impact of hepatitis C virus outside the liver: Evidence from Asia. Liver Int 2017; 37:159-172. [PMID: 27748564 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Between 80 and 115 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus, with 60%-90% of these being undiagnosed. Untreated chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is associated with progressive liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related mortality. A number of extrahepatic manifestations are also reported in CHC patients, further adding to the burden of the disease. CHC also impacts patients in terms of lower health-related quality of life, higher levels of fatigue and reduced productivity. Furthermore, the later stages of disease are costly for both healthcare systems and society. Pegylated-interferon (PEG-IFN)+ribavirin (RBV), for many years the mainstay of treatment, leads to sustained virological response (SVR) in 40%-70% of patients. However, a substantial number of patients are ineligible for treatment, and many patients fail to achieve SVR with this regimen. Furthermore, PEG-IFN+RBV leads to impairment of patient-reported outcomes during treatment, and most patients suffer from adverse events, associated with poor adherence, treatment discontinuation and treatment failure. The approval of second-generation direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has revolutionized the treatment of CHC patients. All-oral, PEG-IFN and RBV-free regimens have higher efficacy rates, shorter treatment durations, fewer adverse events, higher adherence rates and improvement in PROs from as early as Week 4, compared to PEG-IFN+RBV regimens. The aim of this article is to review the evidence for HCV infection as a systemic disease, summarizing the impact of hepatitis C and its treatments on clinical, patient and economic outcomes, with a focus on data from Asia and Japan specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobair M Younossi
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Eguchi
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yock Young Dan
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Francesco Negro
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mario U Mondelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Buti M, Calleja JL, Lens S, Diago M, Ortega E, Crespo J, Planas R, Romero-Gómez M, Rodríguez FG, Pascasio JM, Fevery B, Kurland D, Corbett C, Kalmeijer R, Jessner W. Simeprevir in combination with sofosbuvir in treatment-naïve and -experienced patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection: a Phase III, open-label, single-arm study (PLUTO). Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:468-475. [PMID: 27896822 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and subsequent hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV genotype 4 is found widely in the Middle East, Egypt and Africa, and has also spread into Europe. There are limited data available regarding the use of direct-acting antiviral agents in HCV genotype 4-infected patients with cirrhosis. AIM To evaluate in the phase III, open-label, single-arm PLUTO study the efficacy and safety of 12 weeks of simeprevir (HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor) plus sofosbuvir (HCV nucleotide-analogue NS5B polymerase inhibitor) in treatment-naïve and (peg)interferon ± ribavirin-experienced HCV genotype 4-infected patients, with or without compensated cirrhosis. METHODS Adult patients with chronic HCV genotype 4 infection received simeprevir 150 mg once-daily and sofosbuvir 400 mg once-daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12). Safety was also assessed. RESULTS Forty patients received treatment; the majority were male (73%) and treatment-experienced (68%). Overall, 7/40 (18%) patients had compensated cirrhosis. All patients achieved SVR12 [100% (Clopper-Pearson 95% confidence interval: 91-100%)]. Adverse events, all Grade 1 or 2, were reported in 20/40 (50%) patients. No serious adverse events were reported and no patients discontinued study treatment. Grade 3 treatment-emergent laboratory abnormalities were noted in 2/40 (5%) patients. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with simeprevir plus sofosbuvir for 12 weeks resulted in SVR12 rates of 100% in treatment-naïve and -experienced patients with HCV genotype 4 infection with or without compensated cirrhosis, and was well tolerated. [NCT02250807].
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Affiliation(s)
- M Buti
- Hospital Vall d'Hebron and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J L Calleja
- University Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Lens
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Diago
- Quirón Valencia Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Ortega
- Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Crespo
- Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - R Planas
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Romero-Gómez
- Valme University Hospital University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - J M Pascasio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - B Fevery
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - D Kurland
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - C Corbett
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - R Kalmeijer
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - W Jessner
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
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Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Esteban R, Jacobson I, Zeuzem S, Sulkowski M, Henry L, Nader F, Cable R, Afendy M, Hunt S. Superiority of Interferon-Free Regimens for Chronic Hepatitis C: The Effect on Health-Related Quality of Life and Work Productivity. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e5914. [PMID: 28207507 PMCID: PMC5319496 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) such as quality of life and work productivity are important for measuring patient's experience. We assessed PROs during and after treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients.Data were obtained from a phase 3 open label study of sofosbuvir and ribavirin (SOF + RBV) with and without interferon (IFN). Patients completed 4 PRO assessment instruments (SF-36, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue, Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire- HCV, Work Productivity and Activity-Specific Health Problem) before, during, and after treatment.A total of 533 patients with chronic HCV were enrolled; 28.9% treatment-naïve, 23.1% cirrhotic, 219 received IFN + SOF + RBV and 314 received IFN-free SOF + RBV. At baseline, there were no differences in PROs between the IFN-free and IFN-containing treatment arms (all P > 0.05). During treatment, patients receiving IFN + SOF + RBV had a substantial impairment in their PROs (up to -24.4% by treatment week 12, up to -8.3% at week 4 post-treatment). The PRO decrements seen in the SOF + RBV arm were smaller in magnitude (up to -7.1% by treatment week 12), and all returned to baseline or improved by post-treatment week 4. By 12 weeks after treatment cessation, patients who achieved sustained viral response-12 showed some improvement of PRO scores regardless of the regimen (up to +7.1%, P < 0.0001) or previous treatment experience. In multivariate analysis, the use of IFN was independently associated with lower PROs.IFN-based regimens have a profoundly negative impact to PROs. By contrast, the impact of RBV on these PROs is relatively modest. Achieving HCV cure is associated with improvement of most of the PRO scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobair M. Younossi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA
| | - Maria Stepanova
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Diseases (COR-LD), Washington, DC
| | - Rafael Esteban
- Internal Medicine, Hepatology, and Liver Unit, Universitari Vall D’ Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ira Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mark Sulkowski
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Linda Henry
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Diseases (COR-LD), Washington, DC
| | - Fatema Nader
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Diseases (COR-LD), Washington, DC
| | - Rebecca Cable
- Department of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA
| | - Mariam Afendy
- Department of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA
| | - Sharon Hunt
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Diseases (COR-LD), Washington, DC
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Younossi Z, Stepanova M, Omata M, Mizokami M, Walters M, Hunt S. Health utilities using SF-6D scores in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with sofosbuvir-based regimens in clinical trials. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2017; 15:25. [PMID: 28143559 PMCID: PMC5282717 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-017-0598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health utilities are preference-based measures for health states which are typically used in economic analyses to estimate quality-adjusted life years. Our aim is to report the standard SF-6D health utility scores in Japanese patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) during treatment with different regimens. Methods Japanese patients were enrolled in clinical trials of sofosbuvir (SOF) used in combination with or without ledipasvir (LDV) and/or ribavirin (RBV). The SF-6D health utility scores were calculated at multiple time points from the SF-36 instrument. Results Four hundred ninety-four patients with HCV (genotype 1 and 2) were enrolled: 19% with cirrhosis, 48% with a prior history of anti-HCV treatment. Of those, 153 received SOF + RBV, 170 received LDV/SOF + RBV, 171 received LDV/SOF for 12 weeks; the SVR rates were: 97, 98 and 100%, respectively. Patients treated with the three regimens had similar SF-6D scores before treatment (p = 0.87): 76.1 ± 11.5. During treatment with RBV containing regimen, patients experienced a decrement in their health utility scores to 74.3 ± 12.5 by the end of treatment (p = 0.03), while patients treated with RBV-free LDV/SOF had their SF-6D scores improved to 79.2 ± 12.8 after 12 weeks of treatment (p = 0.0004). At post-treatment week 12, in patients who achieved SVR-12, the SF-6D scores were similar between the treatment regimens (p = 0.36), and an average improvement of +1.4 points from baseline (p = 0.01) was noted. In multivariate analysis, the use of RBV was independently associated with lower utility score during treatment (beta = 4.7 ± 1.6, p < 0.0001). Conclusion Health utilities are lower in Japanese HCV patients and tend to improve after clearance of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobair Younossi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA. .,Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Claude Moore Health Education and Research Building, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA.
| | - Maria Stepanova
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Diseases, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Masao Omata
- Yamanashi Prefectural Hospital Organization, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mercedes Walters
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Diseases, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sharon Hunt
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Diseases, Washington, DC, USA
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Henry L, Younossi Z. Patient-reported and economic outcomes related to sofosbuvir and ledipasvir treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2016; 16:659-665. [PMID: 27710134 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2016.1244007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We used published literature from 2013-2016, to review data regarding the new all oral interferon and ribavirin free direct acting antiviral (DAA's) treatment regimens. Areas covered: Specifically, this paper will address DAA's clinical efficacy, their associated patient reported outcomes, their adherence to treatment, and their cost-effectiveness of treatment using studies from the United States. Expert commentary: The current data suggest that cure and elimination of HCV appears to be on the horizon; however, more research is needed to verify similar results from real world practices. Further, research is also needed to overcome the barriers to treatment (lack of education and awareness of HCV, inadequate diagnosis technology, and lack of access and link to care) in order for the elimination of HCV to be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Henry
- a Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research , Inova Health Systems , Falls Church , VA , USA.,b Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease , Washington , D.C. , USA
| | - Zobair Younossi
- a Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research , Inova Health Systems , Falls Church , VA , USA.,c Center for Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine , Inova Fairfax Hospital , Falls Church , VA , USA
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Yarlott L, Heald E, Forton D. Hepatitis C virus infection, and neurological and psychiatric disorders - A review. J Adv Res 2016; 8:139-148. [PMID: 28149649 PMCID: PMC5272938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An association between hepatitis C virus infection and neuropsychiatric symptoms has been proposed for some years. A variety of studies have been undertaken to assess the nature and severity of these symptoms, which range from fatigue and depression to defects in attention and verbal reasoning. There is evidence of mild neurocognitive impairment in some patients with HCV infection, which is not fully attributable to liver dysfunction or psychosocial factors. Further evidence of a biological cerebral effect has arisen from studies using magnetic resonance spectroscopy; metabolic abnormalities correlate with cognitive dysfunction and resemble the patterns of neuroinflammation that have been described in HIV infection. Recent research has suggested that, in common with HIV infection, HCV may cross the blood brain barrier leading to neuroinflammation. Brain microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes and microglia may be minor replication sites for HCV. Importantly, patient reported outcomes improve following successful antiviral therapy. Further research is required to elucidate the molecular basis for HCV entry and replication in the brain, and to clarify implications and recommendations for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Yarlott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Rd, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Heald
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Rd, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Forton
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Rd, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom; St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
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Buti M, Esteban R. Patient experience in HCV therapy: what really matters. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 1:90-92. [PMID: 28404078 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(16)30020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Buti
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona 08035, Spain.
| | - Rafael Esteban
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona 08035, Spain
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Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Charlton M, Curry MP, O'Leary JG, Brown RS, Hunt S. Patient-reported outcomes with sofosbuvir and velpatasvir with or without ribavirin for hepatitis C virus-related decompensated cirrhosis: an exploratory analysis from the randomised, open-label ASTRAL-4 phase 3 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 1:122-132. [PMID: 28404069 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(16)30009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment regimens with direct-acting antivirals have not been extensively studied in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. We assessed patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with decompensated cirrhosis given a fixed-dose combination of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir with and without ribavirin. METHODS This study was an exploratory analysis of data collected in a randomised, open-label phase 3 trial (ASTRAL-4) in which patients with HCV-related decompensated cirrhosis were randomly assigned to an all-oral fixed-dose combination of sofosbuvir (400 mg) and velpatasvir (100 mg) once daily for 12 weeks, sofosbuvir and velpatasvir plus oral ribavirin (weight-based 1000 mg or 1200 mg) for 12 weeks, or sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for 24 weeks. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older with any HCV genotype and decompensated cirrhosis at screening. PROs were collected for the intention-to-treat population using four questionnaires, Short Form (36) Health Survey version 2 (SF-36v2), the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F), the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-HCV Version (CLDQ-HCV), and the Work Productivity Activity Index:HCV (WPAI), which were given prospectively to patients before, during, and after treatment. The ASTRAL-4 study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02201901. FINDINGS Patients were enrolled at 47 hepatology outpatient practices in the USA from Aug 19, 2014, to Dec 19, 2014. 267 patients with HCV-related decompensated cirrhosis were included. In patients given sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for 12 weeks (n=90), clinically significant improvements in PROs started 4 weeks after treatment initiation (+4·4 to +7·5 points on a 0-100 scale at treatment week 4). By the end of treatment, mean improvements in PROs of +5·3 to +16·0 points were noted in all PROs except for role emotional, mental component summary, and social wellbeing scores and work productivity metrics by WPAI:HCV. Similar end-of-treatment improvements (+3·8 to +17·0 points) were observed in patients given sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for 24 weeks (n=90). In patients given sofosbuvir and velpatasvir plus ribavirin (n=87), PRO scores decreased within 4 weeks of treatment (-3·6 to -6·9 points), although scores returned to the baseline levels by the end of treatment. After treatment cessation, significant improvements in all PROs were similar between the treatment groups (all p>0·01) and, by post-treatment week 24, improvements were between +4·9 and +21·2 points. In multivariate analysis, predictors of PRO impairment were treatment naivety, anxiety, use of anxiolytics, use of antidepressants, use of opioids, ribavirin use, the presence of ascites, encephalopathy, insomnia, and depression. INTERPRETATION A clinically significant early (within 4 weeks) and sustained improvement in PROs was observed in patients with HCV-related decompensated cirrhosis who were given sofosbuvir and velpatasvir without ribavirin. A similar regimen with ribavirin resulted in a temporary decrease in PROs, which completely resolved after 8 weeks of treatment. Accompanied by high efficacy, the favourable effect of treatment on PROs improves patients' experience in this difficult-to-treat population with HCV. FUNDING Gilead Sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobair M Younossi
- Center for Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA; Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA.
| | - Maria Stepanova
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Charlton
- Department of Gastroenterology, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael P Curry
- Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert S Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sharon Hunt
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
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Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Sulkowski M, Foster GR, Reau N, Mangia A, Patel K, Bräu N, Roberts SK, Afdhal N, Nader F, Henry L, Hunt S. Ribavirin-Free Regimen With Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir Is Associated With High Efficacy and Improvement of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients With Genotypes 2 and 3 Chronic Hepatitis C: Results From Astral-2 and -3 Clinical Trials. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 63:1042-1048. [PMID: 27444413 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until recently, the approved treatment regimens for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes (GTs) 2 and 3 contain sofosbuvir (SOF) and ribavirin (RBV) for 12 or 24 weeks. The impact of RBV-free pan-genotypic regimen with SOF and velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of patients with genotype 2 and 3 has not been described. METHODS PROs data were collected from participants of ASTRAL-2 and ASTRAL-3 studies before, during, and after treatment using 4 PRO instruments (Short Form-36, Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-HCV, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue, and Work Productivity and Activity Index: Specific Health Problem), and compared between the SOF/VEL and SOF + RBV groups. RESULTS A total of 818 HCV patients were included: 78% treatment naive, 25% cirrhosis. The rates of nearly all adverse events were lower in the RBV-free SOF/VEL group (all P < .03). The SOF/VEL group also experienced improvement of their PROs by treatment week 4 (+1.8% on average across all PROs), which continued throughout treatment (+4.1%) and post-treatment (+5.5%). In contrast, those in the SOF + RBV group had a modest decline in their PROs starting at treatment week 4 (up to -3.7%), which lasted until the end of treatment (up to -6.4%). In multiple regression analysis, the association of a treatment regimen with end-of-treatment PROs was significant for nearly all PROs; the average beta was +5.0% for the use of SOF/VEL (reference: SOF + RBV). CONCLUSIONS Patients receiving ribavirin-free SOF/VEL reported significantly better PRO scores during treatment compared with those receiving the RBV-containing regimen. Furthermore, the interferon- and ribavirin-free SOF/VEL regimen resulted in a rapid improvement of PROs in HCV GTs 2 and 3 patients during treatment and after achieving sustained virologic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobair M Younossi
- Center for Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - Maria Stepanova
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington D.C
| | | | | | - Nancy Reau
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alessandra Mangia
- Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Keyur Patel
- University of Toronto Health Network, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norbert Bräu
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Nezam Afdhal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fatema Nader
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington D.C
| | - Linda Henry
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington D.C
| | - Sharon Hunt
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington D.C
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Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Feld J, Zeuzem S, Jacobson I, Agarwal K, Hezode C, Nader F, Henry L, Hunt S. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir improves patient-reported outcomes in HCV patients: Results from ASTRAL-1 placebo-controlled trial. J Hepatol 2016; 65:33-39. [PMID: 26956698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The new pan-genotypic regimen [sofosbuvir (SOF) and velpatasvir (VEL)] for hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been associated with high efficacy. The aim of this study was to assess patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of this regimen. METHODS The PRO data (CLDQ-HCV, SF-36, FACIT-F, WPAI) came from the ASTRAL-1 study, a multicenter multinational blinded placebo-controlled phase 3 clinical trial of a fixed dose combination of SOF 400mg and VEL 100mg for patients with genotype 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 compared to placebo for 12weeks. RESULTS 624 patients received active treatment [618 achieved sustained virologic response (SVR)], and 116 received placebo. The baseline PRO scores were similar. By treatment week 4, patients receiving SOF/VEL experienced improvements in general health (on average, +2.3points), emotional well-being (+3.4), FACIT-F (+1.3), and all domains of CLDQ-HCV (+2.1 to +7.3) (all p<0.005). On the other hand, the only PRO that improved in patients receiving placebo was the worry domain of CLDQ-HCV: +4.6 (p=0.002). By the end of treatment, improvement in PRO scores with SOF/VEL continued, and no improvement was noted in the placebo. Improvement in PROs were also noted 12 and 24weeks post-treatment: +3.7, on average, in patients with SVR-12 after SOF/VEL vs. -2.6, on average, in the placebo arm (p<0.005). Multivariate analysis showed that treatment-emergent changes in PROs were predicted by receiving SOF/VEL for some summary PRO score (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS This placebo-controlled trial shows that patients treated with SOF/VEL experience significant improvement of their PROs during treatment and after achieving SVR. LAY SUMMARY In patients with chronic hepatitis C infection, health-related quality of life and work productivity are often impaired due to HCV-related fatigue. Treatment of hepatitis C with interferon-based regimens, which was the standard of care for all HCV patients until recently, had substantial and potentially debilitating side effects. These regimens caused additional impairment in health-related quality of life and work productivity during treatment and shortly after treatment cessation. The newly developed interferon-free combination of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir has been shown to improve health-related quality of life during treatment, and lead to an improvement in a number of indicators of patient-reported outcomes after successful clearance of HCV and achieving sustained virologic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobair M Younossi
- Center for Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA; Betty & Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA.
| | - Maria Stepanova
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jordan Feld
- Toronto Western Hospital Liver Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Medical Center, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Kosh Agarwal
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Fatema Nader
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington DC, USA
| | - Linda Henry
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington DC, USA
| | - Sharon Hunt
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington DC, USA
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