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Serum metabolomic biomarkers of perceptual speed in cognitively normal and mildly impaired subjects with fasting state stratification. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18964. [PMID: 34556796 PMCID: PMC8460824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is associated with both normal aging and early pathologies leading to dementia. Here we used quantitative profiling of metabolites involved in the regulation of inflammation, vascular function, neuronal function and energy metabolism, including oxylipins, endocannabinoids, bile acids, and steroid hormones to identify metabolic biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Serum samples (n = 212) were obtained from subjects with or without MCI opportunistically collected with incomplete fasting state information. To maximize power and stratify the analysis of metabolite associations with MCI by the fasting state, we developed an algorithm to predict subject fasting state when unknown (n = 73). In non-fasted subjects, linoleic acid and palmitoleoyl ethanolamide levels were positively associated with perceptual speed. In fasted subjects, soluble epoxide hydrolase activity and tauro-alpha-muricholic acid levels were negatively associated with perceptual speed. Other cognitive domains showed associations with bile acid metabolism, but only in the non-fasted state. Importantly, this study shows unique associations between serum metabolites and cognitive function in the fasted and non-fasted states and provides a fasting state prediction algorithm based on measurable metabolites.
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Liang C, Zhang X, Qi C, Hu H, Zhang Q, Zhu X, Fu Y. UHPLC-MS-MS analysis of oxylipins metabolomics components of follicular fluid in infertile individuals with diminished ovarian reserve. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:143. [PMID: 34521427 PMCID: PMC8438979 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) refers to a decrease in the number and quality of oocytes in the ovary, which results in a lack of sex hormones and a decline of fertility in women. DOR can potentially progress to premature ovarian failure (POF), which has a negative impact on women's quality of life and is a major cause of female infertility. Oxidative stress is a major contributor to fertility decrease in DOR patients, affecting the follicular microenvironment, oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo development. Understanding intracellular signal transduction can be achieved by defining specific oxidized lipid components in follicular fluid (FF) of DOR infertile patients. METHODS The oxylipins metabolic signatures in the FF of DOR patients and females with normal ovarian reserve (NOR) enrolled for the in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle were analyzed using UHPLC-MS-MS technology. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to analyze the derived metabolomic profiles. Pathway enrichment analysis was carried out using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and MetaboAnalyst databases. Furthermore, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between age, FSH, AMH, AFC, oocytes retrieved, MII oocytes, fertilization, high-quality embryos, and the concentration of differential oxidized lipid metabolites in FF. RESULTS Fifteen oxylipins metabolites were found to be lower in the FF of DOR patients than those in the NOR group, including ±20-HDoHE, ±5-iso PGF2α-VI, 12S-HHTrE, 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2, 1a,1b-dihomo PGE2, 1a,1b-dihomo PGF2α, 20-COOH-AA, 20-HETE, 8S,15S-DiHETE, PGA2, PGD2, PGE1, PGF1α, PGF2α, and PGJ2. The pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the 15 differentially oxidized lipid metabolites were closely related to the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway. Correlation analysis revealed that the concentration of 8 different oxidized lipid metabolites in FF was negatively correlated to FSH and positively correlated with AFC. AMH, the number of oocytes retrieved, MII oocytes and fertilization, were all positively correlated with 9 different oxidized lipid metabolites, but only one metabolite was positively correlated with the number of high-quality embryos. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomic analysis of FF revealed that oxylipins metabolism disorders were closely related to ovarian reserve function. Among these oxylipins metabolites, arachidonic acid metabolism undergoes significant changes that may be related to oocyte development, resulting in decreased fertility in DOR patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000038182 , Registered 12 September 2020-Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaole Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Qi
- Department of Gynecology, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinhua Zhang
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, China.
| | - Xiuxian Zhu
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Yonglun Fu
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, China
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Borkowski K, Pedersen TL, Seyfried NT, Lah JJ, Levey AI, Hales CM, Dammer EB, Blach C, Louie G, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Newman JW. Association of plasma and CSF cytochrome P450, soluble epoxide hydrolase, and ethanolamide metabolism with Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:149. [PMID: 34488866 PMCID: PMC8422756 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, and other cardiometabolic disorders may share inflammatory origins. Lipid mediators, including oxylipins, endocannabinoids, bile acids, and steroids, regulate inflammation, energy metabolism, and cell proliferation with well-established involvement in cardiometabolic diseases. However, their role in Alzheimer's disease is poorly understood. Here, we describe the analysis of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid lipid mediators in a case-control comparison of ~150 individuals with Alzheimer's disease and ~135 healthy controls, to investigate this knowledge gap. METHODS Lipid mediators were measured using targeted quantitative mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed using the analysis of covariates, adjusting for sex, age, and ethnicity. Partial least square discriminant analysis identified plasma and cerebrospinal fluid lipid mediator discriminates of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease predictive models were constructed using machine learning combined with stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS In both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, individuals with Alzheimer's disease had elevated cytochrome P450/soluble epoxide hydrolase pathway components and decreased fatty acid ethanolamides compared to healthy controls. Circulating metabolites of soluble epoxide hydrolase and ethanolamides provide Alzheimer's disease predictors with areas under receiver operator characteristic curves ranging from 0.82 to 0.92 for cerebrospinal fluid and plasma metabolites, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Previous studies report Alzheimer's disease-associated soluble epoxide hydrolase upregulation in the brain and that endocannabinoid metabolism provides an adaptive response to neuroinflammation. This study supports the involvement of P450-dependent and endocannabinoid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. The results further suggest that combined pharmacological intervention targeting both metabolic pathways may have therapeutic benefits for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Theresa L Pedersen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - James J Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Chadwick M Hales
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Colette Blach
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Gregory Louie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences and Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - John W Newman
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agriculture Research Service, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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54
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Zhang CL, Wang HL, Li PC, Hong CD, Chen AQ, Qiu YM, Zeng AP, Zhou YF, Hu B, Li YN. Mfsd2a overexpression alleviates vascular dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105755. [PMID: 34229049 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the common complications in diabetic patients. Nowadays, VEGF pathway is subject to extensive research. However, about 27% of the patients have a poor visual outcome, with 50% still having edema after two years' treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) with ranibizumab. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the primary ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA), reduces abnormal neovascularization and alleviates neovascular eye diseases. A study reported that fish oil reduced the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by about 27.5% in preterm infants. Although ω-3 LC-PUFAs protects against pathological retinal neovascularization, the treatment effectiveness is low. It is interesting to investigate why DHA therapy fails in some patients. In human vitreous humor samples, we found that the ratio of DHA and DHA-derived metabolites to total fatty acids was higher in vitreous humor from DR patients than that from macular hole patients; however, the ratio of DHA metabolites to DHA and DHA-derived metabolites was lower in the diabetic vitreous humor. The expression of Mfsd2a, the LPC-DHA transporter, was reduced in the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model and streptozotocin (STZ) model. In vitro, Mfsd2a overexpression inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, migration and vesicular transcytosis. Moreover, Mfsd2a overexpression in combination with the DHA diet obviously reduced abnormal retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage, which is more effective than Mfsd2a overexpression alone. These results suggest that DHA therapy failure in some DR patients is linked to low expression of Mfsd2a, and the combination of Mfsd2a overexpression and DHA therapy may be an effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hai-Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Can-Dong Hong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - An-Qi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yan-Mei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ai-Ping Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Novel Synthetic Analogues of 19(S/R)-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Exhibit Noncompetitive Inhibitory Effect on the Activity of Cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 46:613-624. [PMID: 34235626 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and CYP1B1 enzymes play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Previously, we have demonstrated that R- and S-enantiomers of 19-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (19-HETE), an arachidonic acid endogenous metabolite, enantioselectively inhibit CYP1B1. The current study was conducted to test the possible inhibitory effect of novel synthetic analogues of R- and S-enantiomers of 19-HETE on the activity of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1. METHODS The O-dealkylation rate of 7-ethoxyresorufin (EROD) by recombinant human CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, in addition to the O-dealkylation rate of 7-methoxyresorufin (MROD) by recombinant human CYP1A2, were measured in the absence and presence of varying concentrations (0-40 nM) of the synthetic analogues of 19(R)- and 19(S)-HETE. Also, the possible inhibitory effect of both analogues on the catalytic activity of EROD and MROD, using RL-14 cells and human liver microsomes, was assessed. RESULTS The results showed that both synthetic analogues of 19(R)- and 19(S)-HETE exhibited direct inhibitory effects on the activity of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, while they had no significant effect on CYP1A2 activity. Nonlinear regression analysis and comparisons showed that the mode of inhibition for both analogues is noncompetitive inhibition of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 enzymes. Also, nonlinear regression analysis and Dixon plots showed that the R- and S-analogues have KI values of 15.7 ± 4.4 and 6.1 ± 1.5 nM for CYP1A1 and 26.1 ± 2.9 and 9.1 ± 1.8 nM for CYP1B1, respectively. Moreover, both analogues were able to inhibit EROD and MROD activities in a cell-based assay and human liver microsomes. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the synthetic analogues of 19-HETE could be considered as a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of cancer and CVD.
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56
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Xiong CF, Zhu QF, Chen YY, He DX, Feng YQ. Screening and Identification of Epoxy/Dihydroxy-Oxylipins by Chemical Labeling-Assisted Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9904-9911. [PMID: 34227808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy/dihydroxy-oxylipins are important biologically active compounds that are mainly formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the reactions catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) enzyme. The analysis of epoxy/dihydroxy-oxylipins would be helpful to gain insights into their landscape in living organisms and provide a reference for the biological studies of these compounds. In this work, we employed chemical labeling-assisted liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (CL-LC-HRMS) to establish a highly sensitive and specific method for screening and annotating epoxy/dihydroxy-oxylipins in biological samples. The isotope reagents 2-dimethylaminoethylamine (DMED) and DMED-d4 were employed to label epoxy/dihydroxy-oxylipins containing carboxyl groups so as to improve the analysis selectivity and MS detection sensitivity of epoxy/dihydroxy-oxylipins. Based on a pair of diagnostic ions with a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) difference of 15.995 originating from the fragmentation of derivatives via high-energy collision dissociation (HCD), the potential epoxy/dihydroxy-oxylipins were rapidly screened from the complex matrix. Furthermore, the epoxy/dihydroxy groups could be readily localized by the diagnostic ion pairs, which enabled us to accurately annotate the epoxy/dihydroxy-oxylipins detected in biological samples. The applicability of our method was demonstrated by profiling epoxy/dihydroxy-oxylipins in human serum and heart samples from mice with high-fat diet (HFD). By the proposed method, a total of 32 and 62 potential epoxy/dihydroxy-oxylipins including 42 unreported ones were detected from human serum and the mice heart sample, respectively. Moreover, the relative quantitative results showed that most of the potential epoxy/dihydroxy-oxylipins, especially the oxidation products of linoleic acid (LA) or α-linolenic acid (ALA), were significantly decreased in the heart of mice with HFD. Our developed method is of high specificity and sensitivity and thus is a promising tool for the identification of novel epoxy/dihydroxy-oxylipins in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Feng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Fei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Xiao He
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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57
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Kim HS, Moon SJ, Lee SE, Hwang GW, Yoo HJ, Song JW. The arachidonic acid metabolite 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid alleviates pulmonary fibrosis. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:864-874. [PMID: 33990688 PMCID: PMC8178404 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are metabolites of arachidonic acid that are rapidly metabolized into diols by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). sEH inhibition has been shown to increase the biological activity of EETs, which are known to have anti-inflammatory properties. However, the role of EETs in pulmonary fibrosis remains unexplored. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to analyze EETs in the lung tissues of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, n = 29) and controls (n = 15), and the function of 11,12-EET was evaluated in in vitro and in vivo in pulmonary fibrosis models. EET levels in IPF lung tissues, including those of 8,9-EET, 11,12-EET, and 14,15-EET, were significantly lower than those in control tissues. The 11,12-EET/11,12-DHET ratio in human lung tissues also differentiated IPF from control tissues. 11,12-EET significantly decreased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and collagen type-I in MRC-5 cells and primary fibroblasts from IPF patients. sEH-specific siRNA and 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU; sEH inhibitor) also decreased TGF-β1-induced expression of α-SMA and collagen type-I in fibroblasts. Moreover, 11,12-EET and TPPU decreased TGF-β1-induced p-Smad2/3 and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) expression in primary fibroblasts from patients with IPF and fibronectin expression in Beas-2B cells. TPPU decreased the levels of hydroxyproline in the lungs of bleomycin-induced mice. 11,12-EET or sEH inhibitors could inhibit pulmonary fibrosis by regulating TGF-β1-induced profibrotic signaling, suggesting that 11,12-EET and the regulation of EETs could serve as potential therapeutic targets for IPF treatment. Signaling molecules called eicosanoids, which are derived from fatty acids, can suppress lung damage in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic, progressive disease in which scar tissue builds up in the lungs, making it hard to breathe. The causes of IPF are unknown. Eicosanoids, which have anti-inflammatory properties, have been studied in various lung diseases. Jin Woo Song at the University of Ulsan College of Medicine in Seoul, South Korea, and co-workers investigated how they might affect IPF. They found that eicosanoid levels were lower in lung tissues from patients with IPF than in healthy tissues. Further investigation showed eicosanoid levels could be boosted by suppressing an enzyme called sEH that degrades them. Thus, suppression of sEH and boosting of eicosanoid levels show promise as therapeutic targets for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Su Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Moon
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Won Hwang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Hu M, Jia F, Huang WP, Li X, Hu DF, Wang J, Ren KF, Fu GS, Wang YB, Ji J. Substrate stiffness differentially impacts autophagy of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1413-1422. [PMID: 33210033 PMCID: PMC7658328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stiffening of blood vessels is one of the most important characteristics in the process of many cardiovascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis, angiosteosis, and vascular aging. Increased stiffness of the vascular extracellular matrix drives artery pathology and alters phenotypes of vascular cell. Understanding how substrate stiffness impacts vascular cell behaviors is of great importance to the biomaterial design in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and medical devices. Here we report that changing substrate stiffness has a significant impact on the autophagy of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Interestingly, our findings demonstrate that, with the increase of substrate stiffness, the autophagy level of VECs and VSMCs showed differential changes: endothelial autophagy levels reduced, leading to the reductions in a range of gene expression associated with endothelial function; while, autophagy levels of VSMCs increased, showing a transition from contractile to the synthetic phenotype. We further demonstrate that, by inhibiting cell autophagy, the expressions of endothelial functional gene were further reduced and the expression of VSMC calponin increased, suggesting an important role of autophagy in response of the cells to the challenge of microenvironment stiffness changing. Although the underlying mechanism requires further study, this work highlights the relationship of substrate stiffness, autophagy, and vascular cell behaviors, and enlightening the design principles of surface stiffness of biomaterials in cardiovascular practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Fan Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wei-Pin Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Deng-Feng Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ke-Feng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yun-Bing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Le DE, García-Jaramillo M, Bobe G, Alcazar Magana A, Vaswani A, Minnier J, Jump DB, Rinkevich D, Alkayed NJ, Maier CS, Kaul S. Plasma Oxylipins: A Potential Risk Assessment Tool in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:645786. [PMID: 33969011 PMCID: PMC8097092 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.645786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: While oxylipins have been linked to coronary artery disease (CAD), little is known about their diagnostic and prognostic potential. Objective: We tested whether plasma concentration of specific oxylipins may discriminate among number of diseased coronary arteries and predict median 5-year outcomes in symptomatic adults. Methods: Using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and quantitative tandem mass spectrometry, we conducted a targeted analysis of 39 oxylipins in plasma samples of 23 asymptomatic adults with low CAD risk and 74 symptomatic adults (≥70% stenosis), aged 38–87 from the Greater Portland, Oregon area. Concentrations of 22 oxylipins were above the lower limit of quantification in >98% of adults and were compared, individually and in groups based on precursors and biosynthetic pathways, in symptomatic adults to number of diseased coronary arteries [(1) n = 31; (2) n = 23; (3) n = 20], and outcomes during a median 5-year follow-up (no surgery: n = 7; coronary stent placement: n = 24; coronary artery bypass graft surgery: n = 26; death: n = 7). Results: Plasma levels of six quantified oxylipins decreased with the number of diseased arteries; a panel of five oxylipins diagnosed three diseased arteries with 100% sensitivity and 70% specificity. Concentrations of five oxylipins were lower and one oxylipin was higher with survival; a panel of two oxylipins predicted survival during follow-up with 86% sensitivity and 91% specificity. Conclusions: Quantification of plasma oxylipins may assist in CAD diagnosis and prognosis in combination with standard risk assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Elizabeth Le
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Manuel García-Jaramillo
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Armando Alcazar Magana
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Ashish Vaswani
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jessica Minnier
- Department of Biostatistics and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Donald B Jump
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Diana Rinkevich
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Wang W, Yang L, Song L, Guo M, Li C, Yang B, Wang M, Kou N, Gao J, Qu H, Ma Y, Xue M, Shi D. Combination of Panax notoginseng saponins and aspirin potentiates platelet inhibition with alleviated gastric injury via modulating arachidonic acid metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111165. [PMID: 33370633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High platelet reactivity and gastric mucosal injury after aspirin (ASA) treatment are associated with poor compliance and an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have been widely used for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) in addition to antiplatelet drugs in China; however, the joint effect and possible mechanism of PNS in addition to ASA on platelet activation and gastric injury remain unclear. This study was designed to investigate the combinational effects of PNS with ASA, and to explore the underlying mechanism via arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism pathway using lipidomic analysis. In a randomized, assessor-blinded trial, 42 patients with stable coronary heart disease (SCHD) and chronic gastritis were randomly assigned to receive ASA (n = 21) or PNS + ASA (n = 21) for 2 months. Compared with ASA alone, PNS + ASA further inhibited CD62p expression, GPIIb-IIIa activation and platelet aggregation and led to increased platelet inhibition rate. PNS + ASA suppressed the activity of platelet cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, and decreased the production of TXB2, PGD2, PGE2, 11-HETE, the downstream oxylipids of AA/COX-1 pathway in platelets, compared with ASA alone. The severity of dyspepsia assessment (SODA) results showed that patients in PNS + ASA group exhibited relieved dyspeptic symptoms as compared with those in ASA group, which might be associated with enhanced secretion of gastrin and motilin. In vivo study of myocardial infarction rats demonstrated that PNS attenuated ASA-induced gastric mucosal injury, which was related to markedly boosted gastric level of 6,15-diketo-13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin (PG)F1α, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 and PGE2 from AA/PG pathway in response to PNS + ASA compared with ASA alone. In summary, our study demonstrated that the combination of PNS and ASA potentiated the antiplatelet effect of ASA via AA/COX-1/TXB2 pathway in platelets, and mitigated ASA-related gastric injury via AA/PG pathway in gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lin Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lei Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ming Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Changkun Li
- Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD Beijing Branch, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Na Kou
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jie Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hua Qu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mei Xue
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
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Pauls SD, Du Y, Clair L, Winter T, Aukema HM, Taylor CG, Zahradka P. Impact of Age, Menopause, and Obesity on Oxylipins Linked to Vascular Health. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:883-897. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective:
Cardiovascular disease, a major cause of mortality and morbidity, exhibits sexual dimorphism since the onset of cardiovascular disease occurs later in women than in men. The loss of cardioprotection in older women may be due to an increase in arterial stiffness after menopause. Free fatty acid metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids, called oxylipins, are known to impact vessel function and may be responsible for the vascular benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The objectives of this study were to compare the plasma oxylipin profiles of young females (20–55 years), older females (55
+
), and older males (55
+
) and to identify associations between oxylipins and cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as obesity and arterial stiffness.
Approach and Results:
We quantified plasma oxylipins by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in archived samples taken from completed clinical trials. We identified 3 major 12-lipoxygenase products, 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid, 12-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid, and 14-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid, that are present at high levels in young females compared with older females and males. These oxylipins also decreased with obesity and displayed robust negative associations with arterial stiffness as assessed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. According to multiple linear regression modeling, these associations were maintained even after correcting for body mass index category combined with either age, menopausal status, or estradiol levels. Using linear discriminant analysis, the combination of these 3 oxylipins effectively distinguished participants according to both brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity risk group and age.
Conclusions:
Higher 12-lipoxygenase oxylipin plasma concentrations associated with lower arterial stiffness in premenopausal females may be an important contributing factor to sex differences in cardiovascular disease.
Registration:
URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT01661543, NCT01562171, NCT01890330, NCT02571114 and NCT02317588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D. Pauls
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Youjia Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.D., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Luc Clair
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
- Department of Economics, University of Winnipeg, Canada (L.C.)
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Harold M. Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Carla G. Taylor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.D., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences (S.D.P., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.D., C.G.T., P.Z.), University of Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada (S.D.P., Y.D., L.C., T.W., H.M.A., C.G.T., P.Z.)
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Wang T, Han Y, Li H, Wang Y, Xue T, Chen X, Chen W, Fan Y, Qiu X, Gong J, Xu Y, Wang J, Li W, Zhu T. Changes in bioactive lipid mediators in response to short-term exposure to ambient air particulate matter: A targeted lipidomic analysis of oxylipin signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106314. [PMID: 33326904 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM) is a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. The knowledge of the underlying mechanisms is still evolving, but systemic inflammation and oxidative stress are central to the ability of PM to induce cardiometabolic effects. Oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are bioactive lipid mediators that have fundamental roles in the signaling of inflammatory events. However, the associations between oxylipins and short-term exposure to PM in humans are unknown. METHODS Using targeted lipidomic analyses, we measured 16 oxylipins derived from lipoxygenase (LOX), cytochrome P450 (CYP), and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways and their parent PUFAs in serum samples of 110 adults enrolled in a panel study in Beijing, China. Each participant completed 2-7 clinical visits from 2013 to 2015. PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ≤ 0.1 μm (ultrafine particles, UFPs) were continuously monitored at a station. Linear mixed-effects models were applied to examine the associations between changes in lipid mediators and exposure to ambient PM during the preceding 1 to 3 days before the clinical visit. RESULTS Serum concentrations of PUFAs, including omega-6 arachidonic acid (ARA) and omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were significantly increased in association with interquartile range (IQR) increases in PM with different exposure windows (i.e., 1-3 days). Regarding oxylipins, significant PM-associated changes included increases in LOX-derived leukotriene B4 (LTB4), 12(S)-, 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), and 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (HDHA); an increase in CYP-derived 5,6-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET); and a decrease in COX-derived prostaglandin E2. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to PM was associated with PUFAs and oxylipins derived from LOX, CYP, and COX pathways in humans. Our findings provide mechanistic insight suggesting bioactive oxylipins might be used as biomarkers and have important implications as mediators of PM-associated systemic cardiometabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yiqun Han
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Haonan Li
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanwen Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Tao Xue
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; GRiC, Shenzhen Institute of Building Research Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China.
| | - Wu Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yunfei Fan
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jicheng Gong
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yifan Xu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Junxia Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Weiju Li
- Peking University Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Suganuma H, Collins CT, McPhee AJ, Leemaqz S, Liu G, Andersen CC, Bonney D, Gibson RA. Effect of parenteral lipid emulsion on preterm infant PUFAs and their downstream metabolites. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 164:102217. [PMID: 33291053 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxylipins synthesized by oxidation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are bioactive downstream lipid mediators. The aim of this study was to describe oxylipin levels in preterm infants born 30 to 33 weeks' gestation who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial in which peripheral parenteral nutrition (P-PN), including lipid emulsion (containing soy, medium chain triglyceride, olive and fish oil), was compared with 10% glucose on growth during the transition to enteral feeds. METHODS Of the 92 infants randomized to the P-PN study, the first 72 (P-PN n = 34, control n = 38) had blood taken for fatty acid analyses. P-PN infants received parenteral nutrition including 3% protein, 8% glucose and 17% SMOFlipid® lipid (containing soy, medium chain triglyceride, olive and fish oil), and control infants 10% glucose. Both groups commenced enteral feeds when clinically stable. 32 oxylipins and 5 free fatty acids were screened (using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), and 5 total LCPUFA were measured (using gas chromatography), on study days 1 (baseline), 2, 4, 7, 14 and 21. RESULTS Both total and free LA, ALA and EPA were significantly higher in the P-PN group compared with control over the first week of life. Whereas total AA was significantly lower and free DHA significantly higher over the same time period. All LA, ALA, EPA and four DHA derived oxylipins detected were significantly higher in the P-PN group compared with the control group during the first week of life, with three AA derived oxylipins significantly lower and one significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS Parenteral lipid emulsion resulted in a change in total and free fatty acids and related oxylipins with the profiles suggesting increased omega-6 driven inflammation. Further studies to investigate the association between the oxylipin levels and nutrition and to determine whether the oxylipin profiles influence the clinical outcome in preterm infants are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Suganuma
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carmel T Collins
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Andrew J McPhee
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Neonatal Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shalem Leemaqz
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ge Liu
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Chad C Andersen
- Neonatal Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dennis Bonney
- Neonatal Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert A Gibson
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia.
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Sun CP, Zhang XY, Morisseau C, Hwang SH, Zhang ZJ, Hammock BD, Ma XC. Discovery of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors from Chemical Synthesis and Natural Products. J Med Chem 2020; 64:184-215. [PMID: 33369424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an α/β hydrolase fold protein and widely distributed in numerous organs including the liver, kidney, and brain. The inhibition of sEH can effectively maintain endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) levels and reduce dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) levels, resulting in therapeutic potentials for cardiovascular, central nervous system, and metabolic diseases. Therefore, since the beginning of this century, the development of sEH inhibitors is a hot research topic. A variety of potent sEH inhibitors have been developed by chemical synthesis or isolated from natural sources. In this review, we mainly summarized the interconnected aspects of sEH with cardiovascular, central nervous system, and metabolic diseases and then focus on representative inhibitors, which would provide some useful guidance for the future development of potential sEH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Peng Sun
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Zhan-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China
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Esselun C, Dilberger B, Silaidos CV, Koch E, Schebb NH, Eckert GP. A Walnut Diet in Combination with Enriched Environment Improves Cognitive Function and Affects Lipid Metabolites in Brain and Liver of Aged NMRI Mice. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:140-160. [PMID: 33367957 PMCID: PMC7929966 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This in vivo study aimed to test if a diet enriched with 6% walnuts alone or in combination with physical activity supports healthy ageing by changing the oxylipin profile in brain and liver, improving motor function, cognition, and cerebral mitochondrial function. Female NMRI mice were fed a 6% walnut diet starting at an age of 12 months for 24 weeks. One group was additionally maintained in an enriched environment, one group without intervention served as control. After three months, one additional control group of young mice (3 weeks old) was introduced. Motor and cognitive functions were measured using Open Field, Y-Maze, Rotarod and Passive Avoidance tests. Lipid metabolite profiles were determined using RP-LC-ESI(-)-MS/MS in brain and liver tissues of mice. Cerebral mitochondrial function was characterized by the determination of ATP levels, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial respiration. Expression of genes involved with mito- and neurogenesis, inflammation, and synaptic plasticity were determined using qRT-PCR. A 6% walnut-enriched diet alone improved spatial memory in a Y-Maze alternation test (p < 0.05) in mice. Additional physical enrichment enhanced the significance, although the overall benefit was virtually identical. Instead, physical enrichment improved motor performance in a Rotarod experiment (p* < 0.05) which was unaffected by walnuts alone. Bioactive oxylipins like hydroxy-polyunsaturated fatty acids (OH-PUFA) derived from linoleic acid (LA) were significantly increased in brain (p** < 0.01) and liver (p*** < 0.0001) compared to control mice, while OH-PUFA of α-linolenic acid (ALA) could only be detected in the brains of mice fed with walnuts. In the brain, walnuts combined with physical activity reduced arachidonic acid (ARA)-based oxylipin levels (p < 0.05). Effects of walnut lipids were not linked to mitochondrial function, as ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial respiration were unaffected. Furthermore, common markers for synaptic plasticity and neuronal growth, key genes in the regulation of cytoprotective response to oxidative stress and neuronal growth were unaffected. Taken together, walnuts change the oxylipin profile in liver and brain, which could have beneficial effects for healthy ageing, an effect that can be further enhanced with an active lifestyle. Further studies may focus on specific nutrient lipids that potentially provide preventive effects in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Esselun
- Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dilberger
- Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carmina V Silaidos
- Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Koch
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Lara-Guzmán OJ, Medina S, Álvarez R, Oger C, Durand T, Galano JM, Zuluaga N, Gil-Izquierdo Á, Muñoz-Durango K. Oxylipin regulation by phenolic compounds from coffee beverage: Positive outcomes from a randomized controlled trial in healthy adults and macrophage derived foam cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:604-617. [PMID: 32745768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are considered biomarkers related to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). They are generated in vivo via the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids as a result of oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxylipins are involved in vascular functions and are produced during foam cell formation in atherogenesis. Additionally, the consumption coffee is associated with the regulation on a particular oxylipin group, the F2t-isoprostanes (F2t-IsoPs). This function has been attributed to the chlorogenic acids (CGAs) from the coffee beverage. Considering the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of CGAs, we evaluated the effects of two types of coffee that provided 787 mg CGAs/day (Coffee A) and 407 mg CGAs/day (Coffee B) by reducing 35 selected oxylipins in healthy subjects. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of CGAs on the cellular proatherogenic response in foam cells by using an oxidized LDL (oxLDL)-macrophage interaction model. After eight weeks of coffee consumption, the contents of 12 urine oxylipins were reduced. However, the effect of Coffee A showed a stronger decrease in IsoPs, dihomo-IsoPs, prostaglandins (PGs) and PG metabolites, probably due to its higher content of CGAs. Neither of the two coffees reduced the levels of oxLDL. Moreover, the in vitro oxylipin induction by oxLDL on foam cells was ameliorated by phenolic acids and CGAs, including the inhibition of IsoPs and PGs by caffeoylquinic and dicaffeoylquinic acids, respectively, while the phenolic acids maintained both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. These findings suggest that coffee antioxidants are strong regulators of oxylipins related to CVDs. The clinical trial was registered on the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, WHO primary registry (RPCEC00000168).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J Lara-Guzmán
- Vidarium - Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Nutresa Business Group, Calle 8 Sur No. 50-67, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sonia Medina
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rafael Álvarez
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - Natalia Zuluaga
- Vidarium - Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Nutresa Business Group, Calle 8 Sur No. 50-67, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Katalina Muñoz-Durango
- Vidarium - Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Nutresa Business Group, Calle 8 Sur No. 50-67, Medellín, Colombia.
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Yuan JJ, Chen Q, Xiong XY, Zhang Q, Xie Q, Huang JC, Yang GQ, Gong CX, Qiu ZM, Sang HF, Zi WJ, He Q, Xu R, Yang QW. Quantitative Profiling of Oxylipins in Acute Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:777. [PMID: 33071720 PMCID: PMC7538633 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are a series of bioactive lipid metabolites derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids that are involved in cerebral homeostasis and the development of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, comprehensive quantification of the oxylipin profile in ICH remains unknown. Therefore, an ICH mouse model was constructed and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was then performed to quantify the change in oxylipins in ICH. The expression of the oxylipin relative enzymes was also reanalyzed based on RNA-seq data from our constructed ICH dataset. A total of 58 oxylipins were quantifiable and the levels of 17 oxylipins increased while none decreased significantly in the first 3 days following ICH. The most commonly increased oxylipins in ICH were derived from AA (10/17) and EPA (4/17) followed by LA (2/17) and DHA (1/17). 18-HEPE from EPA was the only oxylipin that remained significantly increased from 0.5 to 3 days following ICH. Furthermore, 14 of the increased oxylipins reached a peak level on the first day of ICH, and soon decreased while five oxylipins (PGJ2, 15-oxo-ETE, 12-HEPE, 18-HEPE, and 5-oxo-ETE) had increased 3 days after ICH suggesting that the profile shifted with the progression of ICH. In our constructed RNA-seq dataset based on ICH rats, 90 oxylipin relative molecules were detected except for COX. Among these, Cyp4f18, Cyp1b1, Cyp2d3, Cyp2e1, Cyp1a1, ALOX5AP, and PLA2g4a were found up-regulated and Cyp26b1 was found to decrease in ICH. In addition, there was no significant change in sEH in ICH. This study provides fundamental data on the profile of oxylipins and their enzymes in ICH. We found that the profile shifted as the progression of ICH and the metabolism of arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid was highly affected in ICH, which will help further studies explore the functions of oxylipins in ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chang-Xiong Gong
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Fei Sang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zi
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-Wu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Du Y, Taylor CG, Aukema HM, Zahradka P. Role of oxylipins generated from dietary PUFAs in the modulation of endothelial cell function. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 160:102160. [PMID: 32717531 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxylipins, which are circulating bioactive lipids generated from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by cyclooxygenase, lipooxygenase and cytochrome P450 enzymes, have diverse effects on endothelial cells. Although studies of the effects of oxylipins on endothelial cell function are accumulating, a review that provides a comprehensive compilation of current knowledge and recent advances in the context of vascular homeostasis is lacking. This is the first compilation of the various in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo reports to examine the effects and potential mechanisms of action of oxylipins on endothelial cells. The aggregate data indicate docosahexaenoic acid-derived oxylipins consistently show beneficial effects related to key endothelial cell functions, whereas oxylipins derived from other PUFAs exhibit both positive and negative effects. Furthermore, information is lacking for certain oxylipin classes, such as those derived from α-linolenic acid, which suggests additional studies are required to achieve a full understanding of how oxylipins affect endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Du
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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69
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Asselin CY, Lam A, Cheung DYC, Eekhoudt CR, Zhu A, Mittal I, Mayba A, Solati Z, Edel A, Austria JA, Aukema HM, Ravandi A, Thliveris J, Singal PK, Pierce GN, Niraula S, Jassal DS. The Cardioprotective Role of Flaxseed in the Prevention of Doxorubicin- and Trastuzumab-Mediated Cardiotoxicity in C57BL/6 Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:2353-2363. [PMID: 32510147 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the combination of doxorubicin (DOX) and trastuzumab (TRZ) reduces the progression and recurrence of breast cancer, these anticancer drugs are associated with significant cardiotoxic side effects. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether prophylactic administration of flaxseed (FLX) and its bioactive components, α-linolenic acid (ALA) and secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), would be cardioprotective against DOX + TRZ-mediated cardiotoxicity in a chronic in vivo female murine model. METHODS Wild-type C57BL/6 female mice (10-12 wk old) received daily prophylactic treatment with one of the following diets: 1) regular control (RC) semi-purified diet; 2) 10% FLX diet; 3) 4.4% ALA diet; or 4) 0.44% SDG diet for a total of 6 wks. Within each arm, mice received 3 weekly injections of 0.9% saline or a combination of DOX [8 mg/(kg.wk)] and TRZ [3 mg/(kg.wk)] starting at the end of week 3. The main outcome was to evaluate the effects of FLX, ALA, and SDG on cardiovascular remodeling and markers of apoptosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Significance between measurements was determined using a 4 (diet) × 2 (chemotherapy) × 2 (time) mixed factorial design with repeated measures. RESULTS In the RC + DOX + TRZ-treated mice at week 6 of the study, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased by 50% compared with the baseline LVEF (P < 0.05). However, the prophylactic administration of the FLX, ALA, or SDG diet was partially cardioprotective, with mice in these treatment groups showing an ∼68% increase in LVEF compared with the RC + DOX + TRZ-treated group at week 6 (P < 0.05). Although markers of inflammation (nuclear transcription factor κB), apoptosis [poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and the ratio of BCL2-associated X protein to B-cell lymphoma-extra large], and mitochondrial dysfunction (BCL2-interacting protein 3) were significantly elevated by approximately 2-fold following treatment with RC + DOX + TRZ compared with treatment with RC + saline at week 6, prophylactic administration of FLX, ALA, or SDG partially downregulated these signaling pathways. CONCLUSION In a chronic in vivo female C57BL/6 mouse model of DOX + TRZ-mediated cardiotoxicity, FLX, ALA, and SDG were partially cardioprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Y Asselin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Amy Lam
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David Y C Cheung
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Cameron R Eekhoudt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Antonia Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ishika Mittal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew Mayba
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zahra Solati
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrea Edel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - J Alejandro Austria
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada.,Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James Thliveris
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pawan K Singal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Saroj Niraula
- Section of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Davinder S Jassal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada.,Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
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70
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Keshavarz-Bahaghighat H, Darwesh AM, Sosnowski DK, Seubert JM. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inflammaging in Heart Failure: Novel Roles of CYP-Derived Epoxylipids. Cells 2020; 9:E1565. [PMID: 32604981 PMCID: PMC7408578 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated changes leading to a decline in cardiac structure and function contribute to the increased susceptibility and incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in elderly individuals. Indeed, age is considered a risk factor for heart failure and serves as an important predictor for poor prognosis in elderly individuals. Effects stemming from chronic, low-grade inflammation, inflammaging, are considered important determinants in cardiac health; however, our understanding of the mechanisms involved remains unresolved. A steady decline in mitochondrial function is recognized as an important biological consequence found in the aging heart which contributes to the development of heart failure. Dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to increased cellular stress and an innate immune response by activating the NLRP-3 inflammasomes, which have a role in inflammaging and age-related CVD pathogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests a protective role for CYP450 epoxygenase metabolites of N-3 and N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), epoxylipids, which modulate various aspects of the immune system and protect mitochondria. In this article, we provide insight into the potential roles N-3 and N-6 PUFA have modulating mitochondria, inflammaging and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Keshavarz-Bahaghighat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (H.K.-B.); (A.M.D.); (D.K.S.)
| | - Ahmed M. Darwesh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (H.K.-B.); (A.M.D.); (D.K.S.)
| | - Deanna K. Sosnowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (H.K.-B.); (A.M.D.); (D.K.S.)
| | - John M. Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (H.K.-B.); (A.M.D.); (D.K.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta 2020-M Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research 11361-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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71
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Gollasch B, Wu G, Dogan I, Rothe M, Gollasch M, Luft FC. Effects of hemodialysis on plasma oxylipins. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14447. [PMID: 32562348 PMCID: PMC7305238 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality. Survival rates among end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) hemodialysis patients are poor and most deaths are related to cardiovascular disease. Oxylipins constitute a family of oxygenated natural products, formed from fatty acid by pathways involving at least one step of dioxygen‐dependent oxidation. They are derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, by lipoxygenases (LOX) enzymes, or by cytochrome P450 epoxygenase. Oxylipins have physiological significance and some could be of regulatory importance. The effects of decreased renal function and dialysis treatment on oxylipin metabolism are unknown. We studied 15 healthy persons and 15 CKD patients undergoing regular hemodialysis treatments and measured oxylipins (HPLC‐MS lipidomics) derived from cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase and lipoxygenase (LOX)/CYP ω/(ω‐1)‐hydroxylase pathways in circulating blood. We found that all four subclasses of CYP epoxy metabolites were increased after the dialysis treatment. Rather than resulting from altered soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) activity, the oxylipins were released and accumulated in the circulation. Furthermore, hemodialysis did not change the majority of LOX/CYP ω/(ω‐1)‐hydroxylase metabolites. Our data support the idea that oxylipin profiles discriminate ESRD patients from normal controls and are influenced by renal replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint institution between the Charité University Medicine and Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany.,HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guanlin Wu
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint institution between the Charité University Medicine and Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint institution between the Charité University Medicine and Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany.,Department of Geriatrics, University of Greifswald, University District Hospital Wolgast, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Friedrich C Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint institution between the Charité University Medicine and Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
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72
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Wasserman AH, Venkatesan M, Aguirre A. Bioactive Lipid Signaling in Cardiovascular Disease, Development, and Regeneration. Cells 2020; 9:E1391. [PMID: 32503253 PMCID: PMC7349721 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death globally. Understanding and characterizing the biochemical context of the cardiovascular system in health and disease is a necessary preliminary step for developing novel therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring cardiovascular function. Bioactive lipids are a class of dietary-dependent, chemically heterogeneous lipids with potent biological signaling functions. They have been intensively studied for their roles in immunity, inflammation, and reproduction, among others. Recent advances in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques have revealed a staggering number of novel bioactive lipids, most of them unknown or very poorly characterized in a biological context. Some of these new bioactive lipids play important roles in cardiovascular biology, including development, inflammation, regeneration, stem cell differentiation, and regulation of cell proliferation. Identifying the lipid signaling pathways underlying these effects and uncovering their novel biological functions could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies aimed at CVD and cardiovascular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H. Wasserman
- Regenerative Biology and Cell Reprogramming Laboratory, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.H.W.); (M.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Regenerative Biology and Cell Reprogramming Laboratory, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.H.W.); (M.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Regenerative Biology and Cell Reprogramming Laboratory, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.H.W.); (M.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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73
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Pecorelli A, Cervellati C, Cordone V, Hayek J, Valacchi G. Compromised immune/inflammatory responses in Rett syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:100-106. [PMID: 32119978 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in X-linked gene methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2), a key transcriptional regulator, account for most cases of Rett syndrome (RTT), a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder with no known cure. Despite extensive research to elucidate MeCP2 functions, the mechanisms underlying RTT pathophysiology are still unclear. In addition to a variety of neurological symptoms, RTT also includes a plethora of additional phenotypical features including altered lipid metabolism, redox imbalance, immune dysfunction and mitochondrial abnormalities that explain its multisystemic nature. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the potential role of dysregulated inflammatory and immune responses in RTT. The findings show that abnormalities of humoral and cell-mediated immunity together with chronic low-grade inflammation in multiple organs represent not only clinical manifestations of RTT but rather can contribute to its development and deteriorating course. A future research challenge could be to target therapeutically immune dysfunction as a novel means for RTT management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pecorelli
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Dept. of Animal Science, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, 28081, NC, USA
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Dept. of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Cordone
- Dept. of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Joussef Hayek
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, University General Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Dept. of Animal Science, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, 28081, NC, USA; Dept. of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy; Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 02447, Seoul, South Korea.
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74
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Suganuma H, McPhee AJ, Collins CT, Liu G, Leemaqz S, Andersen CC, Ikeda N, Ohkawa N, Taha AY, Gibson RA. Intravenous fat induces changes in PUFA and their bioactive metabolites: Comparison between Japanese and Australian preterm infants. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 156:102026. [PMID: 31753522 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxylipins are biologically active signaling molecules that initiate and resolve inflammation; they are synthesized by oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reflect PUFA intake and status. The PUFA intake in preterm infants differs between countries because of the type of lipid emulsions used and the PUFA content of breast milk. We compared total blood PUFA, free PUFA and their oxylipin levels in dried whole blood samples from preterm infants born in Australia and Japan. METHODS We enrolled 30 and 14 preterm infants born less than 31 weeks' gestation, from Adelaide and Japan respectively. Blood samples were obtained from cord blood, and on postnatal days 4, 7, 14 and 28. Total PUFAs were measured using gas chromatography, while free fatty acids and oxylipins were screened using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy. RESULTS Differences in the levels of blood PUFA between the centres were found which were in line with the timing and type of lipid emulsion administration. Significant differences in longitudinal levels were seen more often in free PUFA and their oxylipins than in total blood PUFA. This was particularly true for AA and DHA. In contrast, differences in the levels could be seen in total blood EPA, as well as in free EPA and its oxylipins. Further, levels of many free PUFA and their oxylipins were higher in Japanese infants than in Australian infants. CONCLUSION Differences in total and free fatty acids and unesterified oxylipins, were observed during the first weeks of life and between preterm infants born in Australia and Japan, which were likely a reflection of the type of lipid emulsion and timing of administration. The clinical significance of these changes remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Suganuma
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew J McPhee
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Neonatal Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carmel T Collins
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ge Liu
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shalem Leemaqz
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Chad C Andersen
- Neonatal Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Naho Ikeda
- Neonatal Center, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Natsuki Ohkawa
- Neonatal Center, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Robert A Gibson
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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75
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Abstract
Background Leukocyte‐directed biosynthesis of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) orchestrates physiological inflammation after myocardial infarction. Deficiency of SPMs drives pathological and nonresolving inflammation, leading to heart failure (HF). Differences in SPMs and inflammatory responses caused by sex‐specific differences are of interest. We differentiated leukocyte‐directed biosynthesis of lipid mediators in male and female mice, focusing on leukocyte populations, structural remodeling, functional recovery, and survival rates. Methods and Results Risk‐free male and female C57BL/6 mice were selected as naïve controls or subjected to myocardial infarction surgery. Molecular and cellular mechanisms that differentiate survival, heart function, and structure and leukocyte‐directed lipid mediators were quantified to describe physiological inflammation after myocardial infarction. Female mice show improved survival in acute HF but no statistical difference during chronic HF compared with male mice. Female mice improved survival is marked with functional recovery and limited remodeling compared with male mice. Male and female mice are similarly responsive to arachidonate lipoxygenase (LOX‐5, LOX‐12, LOX‐15) or cyclooxygenase (COX‐1, COX‐2) in acute HF and particularly male infarcted heart had overall increased SPMs. Female cardiac healing is marked with the biosynthesis of differential p450‐derived product, particularly 11,12 epoxyeicosatrienoic acid in acute HF. A sex‐specific difference of dendritic cells in acute HF is distinct, with limited changes in chronic HF. Conclusions Cardiac repair is marked with increased SPM biosynthesis in male mice and amplified epoxyeicosatrienoic acid in female mice. Female mice showed improved survival, functional recovery, and limited remodeling, which are signs of fine‐tuned physiological inflammation after myocardial infarction. These results rationalize the sex‐specific precise therapies and differential treatments in acute and chronic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Pullen
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences Department of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa FL
| | - Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences Department of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa FL
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences Department of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa FL
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Cebo M, Schlotterbeck J, Gawaz M, Chatterjee M, Lämmerhofer M. Simultaneous targeted and untargeted UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method with data-independent acquisition for quantification and profiling of (oxidized) fatty acids released upon platelet activation by thrombin. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1094:57-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hernández-Saavedra D, Stanford KI. The Regulation of Lipokines by Environmental Factors. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2422. [PMID: 31614481 PMCID: PMC6835582 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a highly metabolically-active tissue that senses and secretes hormonal and lipid mediators that facilitate adaptations to metabolic tissues. In recent years, the role of lipokines, which are lipid species predominantly secreted from adipose tissue that act as hormonal regulators in many metabolic tissues, has been an important area of research for obesity and diabetes. Previous studies have identified that these secreted lipids, including palmitoleate, 12,13-diHOME, and fatty acid-hydroxy-fatty acids (FAHFA) species, are important regulators of metabolism. Moreover, environmental factors that directly affect the secretion of lipokines such as diet, exercise, and exposure to cold temperatures constitute attractive therapeutic strategies, but the mechanisms that regulate lipokine stimulation have not been thoroughly reviewed. In this study, we will discuss the chemical characteristics of lipokines that position them as attractive targets for chronic disease treatment and prevention and the emerging roles of lipokines as regulators of inter-tissue communication. We will define the target tissues of lipokines, and explore the ability of lipokines to prevent or delay the onset and development of chronic diseases. Comprehensive understanding of the lipokine synthesis and lipokine-driven regulation of metabolic outcomes is instrumental for developing novel preventative and therapeutic strategies that harness adipose tissue-derived lipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Hernández-Saavedra
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Xi L, Kouvelos G, Paolocci N. Circulating biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases: the beats never stop. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1065-1067. [PMID: 29926843 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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