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FoxO1 interacts with transcription factor EB and differentially regulates mitochondrial uncoupling proteins via autophagy in adipocytes. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16066. [PMID: 27777789 PMCID: PMC5046220 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are inducible and play an important role in
metabolic and redox homeostasis. Recent studies have suggested that FoxO1 controls
mitochondrial biogenesis and morphology, but it remains largely unknown how FoxO1 may
regulate mitochondrial UCPs. Here we show that FoxO1 interacted with transcription factor
EB (Tfeb), a key regulator of autophagosome and lysosome, and mediated the expression of
UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3 differentially via autophagy in adipocytes. UCP1 was down-regulated
but UCP2 and UCP3 were upregulated during adipocyte differentiation, which was associated
with increased Tfeb and autophagy activity. However, inhibition of FoxO1 suppressed Tfeb
and autophagy, attenuating UCP2 and UCP3 but increasing UCP1 expression. Pharmacological
blockade of autophagy recapitulated the effects of FoxO1 inhibition on UCPs. Chromatin
immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that FoxO1 interacted with Tfeb by directly binding
to its promoter, and silencing FoxO1 led to drastic decrease in Tfeb transcript and
protein levels. These data provide the first line of evidence that FoxO1 interacts with
Tfeb to regulate autophagy and UCP expression in adipocytes. Dysregulation of
FoxO1→autophagy→UCP pathway may account for metabolic changes in obesity.
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Coordinated Upregulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Autophagy in Breast Cancer Cells: The Role of Dynamin Related Protein-1 and Implication for Breast Cancer Treatment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4085727. [PMID: 27746856 PMCID: PMC5056295 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4085727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Overactive mitochondrial fission was shown to promote cell transformation and tumor growth. It remains elusive how mitochondrial quality is regulated in such conditions. Here, we show that upregulation of mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin related protein-1 (Drp1), was accompanied with increased mitochondrial biogenesis markers (PGC1α, NRF1, and Tfam) in breast cancer cells. However, mitochondrial number was reduced, which was associated with lower mitochondrial oxidative capacity in breast cancer cells. This contrast might be owing to enhanced mitochondrial turnover through autophagy, because an increased population of autophagic vacuoles engulfing mitochondria was observed in the cancer cells. Consistently, BNIP3 (a mitochondrial autophagy marker) and autophagic flux were significantly upregulated, indicative of augmented mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). The upregulation of Drp1 and BNIP3 was also observed in vivo (human breast carcinomas). Importantly, inhibition of Drp1 significantly suppressed mitochondrial autophagy, metabolic reprogramming, and cancer cell viability. Together, this study reveals coordinated increase of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy in which Drp1 plays a central role regulating breast cancer cell metabolism and survival. Given the emerging evidence of PGC1α contributing to tumor growth, it will be of critical importance to target both mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy for effective cancer therapeutics.
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Jeffery E, Wing A, Holtrup B, Sebo Z, Kaplan JL, Saavedra-Peña R, Church CD, Colman L, Berry R, Rodeheffer MS. The Adipose Tissue Microenvironment Regulates Depot-Specific Adipogenesis in Obesity. Cell Metab 2016; 24:142-50. [PMID: 27320063 PMCID: PMC4945385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The sexually dimorphic distribution of adipose tissue influences the development of obesity-associated pathologies. The accumulation of visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT) that occurs in males is detrimental to metabolic health, while accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SWAT) seen in females may be protective. Here, we show that adipocyte hyperplasia contributes directly to the differential fat distribution between the sexes. In male mice, high-fat diet (HFD) induces adipogenesis specifically in VWAT, while in females HFD induces adipogenesis in both VWAT and SWAT in a sex hormone-dependent manner. We also show that the activation of adipocyte precursors (APs), which drives adipocyte hyperplasia in obesity, is regulated by the adipose depot microenvironment and not by cell-intrinsic mechanisms. These findings indicate that APs are plastic cells, which respond to both local and systemic signals that influence their differentiation potential independent of depot origin. Therefore, depot-specific AP niches coordinate adipose tissue growth and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Jeffery
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Allison Wing
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Brandon Holtrup
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zachary Sebo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jennifer L Kaplan
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rocio Saavedra-Peña
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christopher D Church
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Laura Colman
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ryan Berry
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Liu L, Zheng LD, Zou P, Brooke J, Smith C, Long YC, Almeida FA, Liu D, Cheng Z. FoxO1 antagonist suppresses autophagy and lipid droplet growth in adipocytes. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2033-41. [PMID: 27260854 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1192732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic disorders constitute one of the most pressing heath concerns worldwide. Increased adiposity is linked to autophagy upregulation in adipose tissues. However, it is unknown how autophagy is upregulated and contributes to aberrant adiposity. Here we show a FoxO1-autophagy-FSP27 axis that regulates adipogenesis and lipid droplet (LD) growth in adipocytes. Adipocyte differentiation was associated with upregulation of autophagy and fat specific protein 27 (FSP27), a key regulator of adipocyte maturation and expansion by promoting LD formation and growth. However, FoxO1 specific inhibitor AS1842856 potently suppressed autophagy, FSP27 expression, and adipocyte differentiation. In terminally differentiated adipocytes, AS1842856 significantly reduced FSP27 level and LD size, which was recapitulated by autophagy inhibitors (bafilomycin-A1 and leupeptin, BL). Similarly, AS1842856 and BL dampened autophagy activity and FSP27 expression in explant cultures of white adipose tissue. To our knowledge, this is the first study addressing FoxO1 in the regulation of adipose autophagy, shedding light on the mechanism of increased autophagy and adiposity in obese individuals. Given that adipogenesis and adipocyte expansion contribute to aberrant adiposity, targeting the FoxO1-autophagy-FSP27 axis may lead to new anti-obesity options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhua Liu
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise , Fralin Life Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
| | - Louise D Zheng
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise , Fralin Life Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
| | - Peng Zou
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise , Fralin Life Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
| | - Joseph Brooke
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise , Fralin Life Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
| | - Cayleen Smith
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise , Fralin Life Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
| | - Yun Chau Long
- b Department of Biochemistry , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Fabio A Almeida
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise , Fralin Life Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA.,c Department of Health Promotion, Social & Behavioral Health , College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Dongmin Liu
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise , Fralin Life Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
| | - Zhiyong Cheng
- a Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise , Fralin Life Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
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55
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Santorelli ML, Hirshfield KM, Steinberg MB, Rhoads GG, Lin Y, Demissie K. Hormonal therapy for breast cancer and diabetes incidence among postmenopausal women. Ann Epidemiol 2016; 26:436-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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56
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Gupta OT, Gupta RK. Visceral Adipose Tissue Mesothelial Cells: Living on the Edge or Just Taking Up Space? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:515-523. [PMID: 26412153 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Visceral adiposity and pathological adipose tissue remodeling, a result of overnutrition, are strong predictors of metabolic health in obesity. Factors intrinsic to visceral adipose depots are likely to play a causal role in eliciting the detrimental effects of this tissue on systemic nutrient homeostasis. The visceral adipose-associated mesothelium, a monolayer of epithelial cells of mesodermal origin that line the visceral serosa, has recently attracted attention for its role in metabolic dysfunction. Here we highlight and consolidate literature from various fields of study that points to the visceral adipose-associated mesothelium as a potential contributor to adipose development and remodeling. We propose a hypothesis in which adipose mesothelial cells represent a visceral depot-specific determinant of adipose tissue health in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga T Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Ye R, Wang QA, Tao C, Vishvanath L, Shao M, McDonald JG, Gupta RK, Scherer PE. Impact of tamoxifen on adipocyte lineage tracing: Inducer of adipogenesis and prolonged nuclear translocation of Cre recombinase. Mol Metab 2015; 4:771-8. [PMID: 26629402 PMCID: PMC4632120 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen, in combination with the Cre-ERT2 fusion protein, has been one of the mainstream methods to induce genetic recombination and has found widespread application in lineage tracing studies. Methods & results Here, we report that tamoxifen exposure at widely used concentrations remains detectable by mass-spectrometric analysis in adipose tissue after a washout period of 10 days. Surprisingly, its ability to maintain nuclear translocation of the Cre-ERT2 protein is preserved beyond 2 months of washout. Tamoxifen treatment acutely leads to transient lipoatrophy, followed by de novo adipogenesis that reconstitutes the original fat mass. In addition, we find a “synthetically lethal” phenotype for adipocytes when tamoxifen treatment is combined with adipocyte-specific loss-of-function mutants, such as an adipocyte-specific PPARγ knockout. This is observed to a lesser extent when alternative inducible approaches are employed. Conclusions These findings highlight the potential for tamoxifen-induced adipogenesis, and the associated drawbacks of the use of tamoxifen in lineage tracing studies, explaining the discrepancy in lineage tracing results from different systems with temporal control of gene targeting. Tamoxifen treatment induces acute fat loss and de novo adipogenesis in mice. PPARγ knockout exacerbates tamoxifen-induced lipoatrophy. Tamoxifen-driven Cre-ERT2 nuclear translocation lasts beyond two months in adipose. De novo adipogenesis upon cold exposure is confirmed with the mTmG reporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risheng Ye
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qiong A. Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Caroline Tao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lavanya Vishvanath
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffery G. McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rana K. Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Tamoxifen affects glucose and lipid metabolism parameters, causes browning of subcutaneous adipose tissue and transient body composition changes in C57BL/6NTac mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:724-9. [PMID: 26164229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator which is widely used to generate inducible conditional transgenic mouse models. Activation of ER signaling plays an important role in the regulation of adipose tissue (AT) metabolism. We therefore tested the hypothesis that tamoxifen administration causes changes in AT biology in vivo. 12 weeks old male C57BL/6NTac mice were treated with either tamoxifen (n = 18) or vehicle (n = 18) for 5 consecutive days. Tamoxifen treatment effects on body composition, energy homeostasis, parameters of AT biology, glucose and lipid metabolism were investigated up to an age of 18 weeks. We found that tamoxifen treatment causes: I) significantly increased HbA1c, triglyceride and free fatty acid serum concentrations (p < 0.01), II) browning of subcutaneous AT and increased UCP-1 expression, III) increased AT proliferation marker Ki67 mRNA expression, IV) changes in adipocyte size distribution, and V) transient body composition changes. Tamoxifen may induce changes in body composition, whole body glucose and lipid metabolism and has significant effects on AT biology, which need to be considered when using Tamoxifen as a tool to induce conditional transgenic mouse models. Our data further suggest that tamoxifen-treated wildtype mice should be characterized in parallel to experimental transgenic models to control for tamoxifen administration effects.
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Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Hsiao WY, Guertin DA. Highly selective in vivo labeling of subcutaneous white adipocyte precursors with Prx1-Cre. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:541-50. [PMID: 25801508 PMCID: PMC4400610 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The origins of individual fat depots are not well understood, and thus, the availability of tools useful for studying depot-specific adipose tissue development and function is limited. Cre drivers that selectively target only brown adipocyte, subcutaneous white adipocyte, or visceral white adipocyte precursors would have significant value because they could be used to selectively study individual depots without impacting the adipocyte precursors or intrinsic metabolic properties of the other depots. Here, we show that the majority of the precursor and mature subcutaneous white adipocytes in adult C57Bl/6 mice are labeled by Prx1-Cre. In sharp contrast, few to no brown adipocytes or visceral white adipocytes are marked by Prx1-Cre. This suggests that Prx1-Cre-mediated recombination may be useful for making depot-restricted genetic manipulations in subcutaneous white adipocyte precursor cells, particularly when targeting genes with fat-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Wen-Yu Hsiao
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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