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Ajibola O, Rowan AD, Ogedengbe CO, Mshelia MB, Cabral DJ, Eze AA, Obaro S, Belenky P. Urogenital schistosomiasis is associated with signatures of microbiome dysbiosis in Nigerian adolescents. Sci Rep 2019; 9:829. [PMID: 30696838 PMCID: PMC6351658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Urogenital schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the parasite Schistosoma haematobium, which resides in the vasculature surrounding the urogenital system. Previous work has suggested that helminthic infections can affect the intestinal microbiome, and we hypothesized that S. haematobium infection could result in an alteration of immune system-microbiota homeostasis and impact the composition of the gut microbiota. To address this question, we compared the fecal microbiomes of infected and uninfected schoolchildren from the Argungu Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria, detecting significant differences in community composition between the two groups. Most remarkably, we observed a decreased abundance of Firmicutes and increased abundance of Proteobacteria - a shift in community structure which has been previously associated with dysbiosis. More specifically, we detected a number of changes in lower taxa reminiscent of inflammation-associated dysbiosis, including decreases in Clostridiales and increases in Moraxellaceae, Veillonellaceae, Pasteurellaceae, and Desulfovibrionaceae. Functional potential analysis also revealed an enrichment in orthologs of urease, which has been linked to dysbiosis and inflammation. Overall, our analysis indicates that S. haematobium infection is associated with perturbations in the gut microbiota and may point to microbiome disruption as an additional consequence of schistosome infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumide Ajibola
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria.
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia.
| | - Aislinn D Rowan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Clement O Ogedengbe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria - Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Mari B Mshelia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Damien J Cabral
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anthonius A Eze
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria - Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Stephen Obaro
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- International Foundation Against Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, Department of Pediatrics, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Peter Belenky
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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van den Elsen LWJ, Garssen J, Burcelin R, Verhasselt V. Shaping the Gut Microbiota by Breastfeeding: The Gateway to Allergy Prevention? Front Pediatr 2019; 7:47. [PMID: 30873394 PMCID: PMC6400986 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that demonstrates the importance of the gut microbiota in health and diseases such as allergy. Recent studies emphasize the importance of the "window of opportunity" in early life, during which interventions altering the gut microbiota induce long-term effects. The neonate's gut microbiota composition and metabolism could therefore play an essential role in allergic disease risk. Breastfeeding shapes the gut microbiota in early life, both directly by exposure of the neonate to the milk microbiota and indirectly, via maternal milk factors that affect bacterial growth and metabolism such as human milk oligosaccharides, secretory IgA, and anti-microbial factors. The potential of breastmilk to modulate the offspring's early gut microbiota is a promising tool for allergy prevention. Here, we will review the existing evidence demonstrating the impact of breastfeeding on shaping the neonate's gut microbiota and highlight the potential of this strategy for allergy prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Remy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
| | - Valerie Verhasselt
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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53
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Pacitti D, Levene M, Garone C, Nirmalananthan N, Bax BE. Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy: Into the Fourth Decade, What We Have Learned So Far. Front Genet 2018; 9:669. [PMID: 30627136 PMCID: PMC6309918 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is an ultra-rare metabolic autosomal recessive disease, caused by mutations in the nuclear gene TYMP which encodes the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase. The resulting enzyme deficiency leads to a systemic accumulation of the deoxyribonucleosides thymidine and deoxyuridine, and ultimately mitochondrial failure due to a progressive acquisition of secondary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and mtDNA depletion. Clinically, MNGIE is characterized by gastrointestinal and neurological manifestations, including cachexia, gastrointestinal dysmotility, peripheral neuropathy, leukoencephalopathy, ophthalmoplegia and ptosis. The disease is progressively degenerative and leads to death at an average age of 37.6 years. As with the vast majority of rare diseases, patients with MNGIE face a number of unmet needs related to diagnostic delays, a lack of approved therapies, and non-specific clinical management. We provide here a comprehensive collation of the available knowledge of MNGIE since the disease was first described 42 years ago. This review includes symptomatology, diagnostic procedures and hurdles, in vitro and in vivo disease models that have enhanced our understanding of the disease pathology, and finally experimental therapeutic approaches under development. The ultimate aim of this review is to increase clinical awareness of MNGIE, thereby reducing diagnostic delay and improving patient access to putative treatments under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Pacitti
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Levene
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Garone
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bridget E. Bax
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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54
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Rutting S, Xenaki D, Malouf M, Horvat JC, Wood LG, Hansbro PM, Oliver BG. Short-chain fatty acids increase TNFα-induced inflammation in primary human lung mesenchymal cells through the activation of p38 MAPK. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 316:L157-L174. [PMID: 30407866 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00306.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced as by-products of dietary fiber metabolism by gut bacteria, have anti-inflammatory properties and could potentially be used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including asthma. The direct effects of SCFAs on inflammatory responses in primary human lung mesenchymal cells have not been assessed. We investigated whether SCFAs can protect against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-induced inflammation in primary human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) and airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells in vitro. HLFs and ASM cells were exposed to SCFAs, acetate (C2:0), propionate (C3:0), and butyrate (C4:0) (0.01-25 mM) with or without TNFα, and the release of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6, and CXCL8 was measured using ELISA. We found that none of the SCFAs suppressed TNFα-induced cytokine release. On the contrary, challenge with supraphysiological concentrations (10-25 mM), as might be used therapeutically, of propionate or butyrate in combination with TNFα resulted in substantially greater IL-6 and CXCL8 release from HLFs and ASM cells than challenge with TNFα alone, demonstrating synergistic effects. In ASM cells, challenge with acetate also enhanced TNFα-induced IL-6, but not CXCL8 release. Synergistic upregulation of IL-6 and CXCL8 was mediated through the activation of free fatty acid receptor (FFAR)3, but not FFAR2. The signaling pathways involved were further examined using specific inhibitors and immunoblotting, and responses were found to be mediated through p38 MAPK signaling. This study demonstrates that proinflammatory, rather than anti-inflammatory effects of SCFAs are evident in lung mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rutting
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Dia Xenaki
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Monique Malouf
- Thoracic Medicine and Lung Transplantation, Saint Vincent's Hospital , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle , Newcastle, New South Wales , Australia.,Graduate School of Health, Discipline of Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
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55
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Mukherjee S, Joardar N, Sengupta S, Sinha Babu SP. Gut microbes as future therapeutics in treating inflammatory and infectious diseases: Lessons from recent findings. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 61:111-128. [PMID: 30196243 PMCID: PMC7126101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota has been the interest of extensive research in recent years and our knowledge on using the potential capacity of these microbes are growing rapidly. Microorganisms colonized throughout the gastrointestinal tract of human are coevolved through symbiotic relationship and can influence physiology, metabolism, nutrition and immune functions of an individual. The gut microbes are directly involved in conferring protection against pathogen colonization by inducing direct killing, competing with nutrients and enhancing the response of the gut-associated immune repertoire. Damage in the microbiome (dysbiosis) is linked with several life-threatening outcomes viz. inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, obesity, allergy, and auto-immune disorders. Therefore, the manipulation of human gut microbiota came out as a potential choice for therapeutic intervention of the several human diseases. Herein, we review significant studies emphasizing the influence of the gut microbiota on the regulation of host responses in combating infectious and inflammatory diseases alongside describing the promises of gut microbes as future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (Centre for Advanced Studies), Siksha-Bhavana, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Nikhilesh Joardar
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (Centre for Advanced Studies), Siksha-Bhavana, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Subhasree Sengupta
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (Centre for Advanced Studies), Siksha-Bhavana, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Santi P Sinha Babu
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (Centre for Advanced Studies), Siksha-Bhavana, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India.
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56
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Tarashi S, Ahmadi Badi S, Moshiri A, Nasehi M, Fateh A, Vaziri F, Siadat SD. The human microbiota in pulmonary tuberculosis: Not so innocent bystanders. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:215-221. [PMID: 30514505 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is a worldwide health concern, which needs robust and efficient control strategies, and the evaluation of human microbiota can be very important in this regard. Dysbiosis of normal microbiota is an important issue in the pathogenesis of Mtb. However, only few studies demonstrated the interaction between Mtb infection and microbiota. The current study aimed at reviewing literature on gut and lung microbiota in Mtb infection. Eleven articles regarding gut and lung microbiota composition in individuals with Mtb infection were selected, and then the importance of gut-lung axis in Mtb infection was evaluated. Also the relationship between microbiota composition and Mtb infection were discussed in terms of treatment, epigenetic field, and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Tarashi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ahmadi Badi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arfa Moshiri
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Therapy Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, G.Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mahshid Nasehi
- Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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57
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Bromberg JS, Hittle L, Xiong Y, Saxena V, Smyth EM, Li L, Zhang T, Wagner C, Fricke WF, Simon T, Brinkman CC, Mongodin EF. Gut microbiota-dependent modulation of innate immunity and lymph node remodeling affects cardiac allograft outcomes. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121045. [PMID: 30282817 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the gut microbiota influences survival of murine cardiac allografts through modulation of immunity. Antibiotic pretreated mice received vascularized cardiac allografts and fecal microbiota transfer (FMT), along with tacrolimus immunosuppression. FMT source samples were from normal, pregnant (immune suppressed), or spontaneously colitic (inflammation) mice. Bifidobacterium pseudolongum (B. pseudolongum) in pregnant FMT recipients was associated with prolonged allograft survival and lower inflammation and fibrosis, while normal or colitic FMT resulted in inferior survival and worse histology. Transfer of B. pseudolongum alone resulted in reduced inflammation and fibrosis. Stimulation of DC and macrophage lines with B. pseudolongum induced the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 and homeostatic chemokine CCL19 but induced lesser amounts of the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6. In contrast, LPS and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (D. desulfuricans), more abundant in colitic FMT, induced a more inflammatory cytokine response. Analysis of mesenteric and peripheral lymph node structure showed that B. pseudolongum gavage resulted in a higher laminin α4/α5 ratio in the lymph node cortical ridge, indicative of a suppressive environment, while D. desulfuricans resulted in a lower laminin α4/α5 ratio, supportive of inflammation. Discrete gut bacterial species alter immunity and may predict graft outcomes through stimulation of myeloid cells and shifts in lymph node structure and permissiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Bromberg
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren Hittle
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute for Genome Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanbao Xiong
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vikas Saxena
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eoghan M Smyth
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute for Genome Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lushen Li
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chelsea Wagner
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - W Florian Fricke
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Simon
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Colin C Brinkman
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emmanuel F Mongodin
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute for Genome Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Lazar V, Ditu LM, Pircalabioru GG, Gheorghe I, Curutiu C, Holban AM, Picu A, Petcu L, Chifiriuc MC. Aspects of Gut Microbiota and Immune System Interactions in Infectious Diseases, Immunopathology, and Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1830. [PMID: 30158926 PMCID: PMC6104162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota consists of a dynamic multispecies community of bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protozoans, bringing to the host organism a dowry of cells and genes more numerous than its own. Among the different non-sterile cavities, the human gut harbors the most complex microbiota, with a strong impact on host homeostasis and immunostasis, being thus essential for maintaining the health condition. In this review, we outline the roles of gut microbiota in immunity, starting with the background information supporting the further presentation of the implications of gut microbiota dysbiosis in host susceptibility to infections, hypersensitivity reactions, autoimmunity, chronic inflammation, and cancer. The role of diet and antibiotics in the occurrence of dysbiosis and its pathological consequences, as well as the potential of probiotics to restore eubiosis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lazar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lia-Mara Ditu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Gheorghe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Curutiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ariana Picu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Prof. Dr. N. Paulescu, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Petcu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Prof. Dr. N. Paulescu, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Hwang IY, Lee HL, Huang JG, Lim YY, Yew WS, Lee YS, Chang MW. Engineering microbes for targeted strikes against human pathogens. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2719-2733. [PMID: 29736607 PMCID: PMC11105496 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lack of pathogen specificity in antimicrobial therapy causes non-discriminant microbial cell killing that disrupts the microflora present. As a result, potentially helpful microbial cells are killed along with the pathogen, altering the biodiversity and dynamic interactions within the population. Moreover, the unwarranted exposure of antibiotics to microbes increases the likelihood of developing resistance and perpetuates the emergence of multidrug resistance. Synthetic biology offers an alternative solution where specificity can be conferred to reduce the non-specific, non-targeted activity of currently available antibiotics, and instead provides targeted therapy against specific pathogens and minimising collateral damage to the host's inherent microbiota. With a greater understanding of the microbiome and the available genetic engineering tools for microbial cells, it is possible to devise antimicrobial strategies for novel antimicrobial therapy that are able to precisely and selectively remove infectious pathogens. Herein, we review the strategies developed by unlocking some of the natural mechanisms used by the microbes and how these may be utilised in targeted antimicrobial therapy, with the promise of reducing the current global bane of multidrug antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Young Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Hui Ling Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - James Guoxian Huang
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Yvonne Yijuan Lim
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Wen Shan Yew
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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60
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Appleton J. The Gut-Brain Axis: Influence of Microbiota on Mood and Mental Health. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018; 17:28-32. [PMID: 31043907 PMCID: PMC6469458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication network that links the enteric and central nervous systems. This network is not only anatomical, but it extends to include endocrine, humoral, metabolic, and immune routes of communication as well. The autonomic nervous system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and nerves within the gastrointestinal tract, all link the gut and the brain, allowing the brain to influence intestinal activities, including activity of functional immune effector cells; and the gut to influence mood, cognition, and mental health.
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61
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Fernandez DM, Clemente JC, Giannarelli C. Physical Activity, Immune System, and the Microbiome in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:763. [PMID: 30013482 PMCID: PMC6036301 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular health is a primary research focus, as it is a leading contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide, and is prohibitively costly for healthcare. Atherosclerosis, the main driver of cardiovascular disease, is now recognized as an inflammatory disorder. Physical activity (PA) may have a more important role in cardiovascular health than previously expected. This review overviews the contribution of PA to cardiovascular health, the inflammatory role of atherosclerosis, and the emerging evidence of the microbiome as a regulator of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M. Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jose C. Clemente
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Rizzetto L, Fava F, Tuohy KM, Selmi C. Connecting the immune system, systemic chronic inflammation and the gut microbiome: The role of sex. J Autoimmun 2018; 92:12-34. [PMID: 29861127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unresolved low grade systemic inflammation represents the underlying pathological mechanism driving immune and metabolic pathways involved in autoimmune diseases (AID). Mechanistic studies in animal models of AID and observational studies in patients have found alterations in gut microbiota communities and their metabolites, suggesting a microbial contribution to the onset or progression of AID. The gut microbiota and its metabolites have been shown to influence immune functions and immune homeostasis both within the gut and systematically. Microbial derived-short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and bio-transformed bile acid (BA) have been shown to influence the immune system acting as ligands specific cell signaling receptors like GPRCs, TGR5 and FXR, or via epigenetic processes. Similarly, intestinal permeability (leaky gut) and bacterial translocation are important contributors to chronic systemic inflammation and, without repair of the intestinal barrier, might represent a continuous inflammatory stimulus capable of triggering autoimmune processes. Recent studies indicate gender-specific differences in immunity, with the gut microbiota shaping and being concomitantly shaped by the hormonal milieu governing differences between the sexes. A bi-directional cross-talk between microbiota and the endocrine system is emerging with bacteria being able to produce hormones (e.g. serotonin, dopamine and somatostatine), respond to host hormones (e.g. estrogens) and regulate host hormones' homeostasis (e.g by inhibiting gene prolactin transcription or converting glucocorticoids to androgens). We review herein how gut microbiota and its metabolites regulate immune function, intestinal permeability and possibly AID pathological processes. Further, we describe the dysbiosis within the gut microbiota observed in different AID and speculate how restoring gut microbiota composition and its regulatory metabolites by dietary intervention including prebiotics and probiotics could help in preventing or ameliorating AID. Finally, we suggest that, given consistent observations of microbiota dysbiosis associated with AID and the ability of SCFA and BA to regulate intestinal permeability and inflammation, further mechanistic studies, examining how dietary microbiota modulation can protect against AID, hold considerable potential to tackle increased incidence of AID at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rizzetto
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy.
| | - Francesca Fava
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Kieran M Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy; BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Italy
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63
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Duan M. Microbiota and immune cell crosstalk: dialogues driving health and disease. Clin Transl Immunology 2018; 7:e1020. [PMID: 29868169 PMCID: PMC5972150 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mubing Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Bundoora VIC 3083 Australia
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64
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Microbial interactions with the intestinal epithelium and beyond: Focusing on immune cell maturation and homeostasis. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 6:47-54. [PMID: 30294506 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial metabolites influence the function of epithelial, endothelial and immune cells in the intestinal mucosa. Microbial metabolites like SCFAs and B complex vitamins direct macrophage polarization whereas microbial derived biogenic amines modulate intestinal epithelium and immune response. Aberrant bacterial lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation and colorectal carcinogenesis. Our perception of human microbes has changed from that of opportunistic pathogens to active participants maintaining intestinal and whole body homeostasis. This review attempts to explain the dynamic and enriched interactions between the intestinal epithelial mucosa and commensal bacteria in homeostasis maintenance.
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65
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In Vitro Screening of Indigenous Lactobacillus Isolates for Selecting Organisms with Better Health-Promoting Attributes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 185:1060-1074. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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66
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Varanasi SK, Rouse BT. How host metabolism impacts on virus pathogenesis. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 28:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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67
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Chiou YS, Lee PS, Pan MH. Food Bioactives and Their Effects on Obesity-Accelerated Inflammatory Bowel Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:773-779. [PMID: 29295622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Current views support the concept that obesity is linked to a worsening of the course of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Gut microbiota and adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) are considered key mediators or contributors in obesity-associated intestinal inflammation. Dietary components can have direct or indirect effects on "normal" or "healthy" microbial composition and participate in adiposity and metabolic status with gut inflammation. In this perspective, we highlight food-derived bioactives that have a potential application in the prevention of obesity-exacerbated IBD, targeting energy metabolism, M1 (classical activated)-M2 (alternatively activated) macrophage polarization, and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Sheng Lee
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang, Hubei 438000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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68
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Zhang DX, Kang YH, Chen L, Siddiqui SA, Wang CF, Qian AD, Shan XF. Oral immunization with recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing OmpAI confers protection against Aeromonas veronii challenge in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:552-563. [PMID: 29155272 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is a gram-negative pathogen capable of infecting both fish and mammals, including humans, and natural infection in fish results in irreparable damage to the aquaculture industry. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have a number of properties that make them attractive candidates as delivery vehicles for presentation to the mucosa sites of compounds with pharmaceutical interest, in particular vaccines. In this study, we generated two recombinant Lactobacillus casei (surface-displayed or secretory) expressing the OmpAI of A.veronii and evaluated the effect on immune responses in fish model. A 1022 bp gene fragment of the 42 kDa OmpAI antigen of A.veronii was cloned into pPG-1 (surface-displayed) and pPG-2 (secretory) and electrotransformed into Lactobacillus casei CC16. The recombinant plasmid in L.casei could be stably inherited over 50 generations, and production of OmpAI protein had slight limited effects on cells growth. Treatment of common carp with the recombinant vaccine candidate stimulated high serum or skin mucus specific antibody titers and induced a higher lysozyme, ACP, SOD activity, while fish fed with Lc-pPG or PBS had no detectable immobilizing immune responses. Expression of IL-10, IL-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α genes in the group immunized with recombinant L.casei were significantly (P < 0.05) up regulated as compared with control groups, indicating that inflammatory response and cell immune response were triggered. Further, viable recombinant L.casei strains were directly delivered and survive throughout the intestinal tract, the recombinant OmpAI was also detected in intestine mucosal. The results showed that common carp received Lc-pPG1-OmpAI (66.7%) and Lc-pPG2-OmpAI (50.0%) had higher survival rates compared with the controls after challenge with A.veronii, indicating that Lc-pPG1-OmpAI and Lc-pPG2-OmpAI had beneficial effects on immune response and enhanced disease resistance of common carp against A.veronii infection. Our study here demonstrates, for the first time, the ability of recombinant L.casei as oral vaccine against A.veronii infection in carps. The combination of OmpAI delivery and LAB approach may be a promising mucosal therapeutic agent for treating and controlling A.veronii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yuan-Huan Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Long Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ai-Dong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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69
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ASSMAR M, KEYPOUR M, ROHANI M, MOSTAFAVI E, DANESHVAR FARHUD D. The Resistance to Plague Infection among Meriones persicus from Endemic and Non-endemic Regions in Iran: The Role of Gut Microbiota. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 47:86-94. [PMID: 29318122 PMCID: PMC5756605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was conducted approximately 40 years ago, but its results have not been released. At the time of this study, the importance of the gut microbiota was not fully understood. METHODS Meriones persicus rodents, as one of the major reservoirs of Yersinia pestis bacterium in Iran, were compared in a disease endemic area (Akanlu, Hamadan, western Iran) and a non-endemic zone (Telo, Tehran, Iran) from 1977 to 1981. RESULTS This study was able to transmit the resistance to Y. pestis to other rodents creatively by using and transferring gut microbiota. CONCLUSION The study indicated for the first time that the gut microbiota could affect the sensitivity to plague in Meriones in Telo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi ASSMAR
- Dept. of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan KEYPOUR
- Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehdi ROHANI
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Hamadan, Iran
- Dept. of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan MOSTAFAVI
- Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Dariush DANESHVAR FARHUD
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Dept. of Basic Sciences/Ethics, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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70
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Noben M, Vanhove W, Arnauts K, Santo Ramalho A, Van Assche G, Vermeire S, Verfaillie C, Ferrante M. Human intestinal epithelium in a dish: Current models for research into gastrointestinal pathophysiology. United European Gastroenterol J 2017; 5:1073-1081. [PMID: 29238585 PMCID: PMC5721984 DOI: 10.1177/2050640617722903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the exact pathogenesis of chronic gastrointestinal diseases remains difficult due to the complex in vivo environment. In this review we give an overview of the available epithelial cell culture systems developed to investigate pathophysiology of gastrointestinal diseases. Traditionally used two-dimensional (2D) immortalised (tumour) cell lines survive long-term, but are not genetically stable nor represent any human in particular. In contrast, primary cultures are patient unique, but short-lived. Three-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures resemble the crypt-villus domain and contain all cell lineages, are long-lived and genetically stable. Unfortunately, manipulation of the 3D organoid system is more challenging. Combining the 3D and 2D technologies may overcome limitations and offer the formation of monolayers on permeable membranes or flow-chambers. Determining the right model to use will depend on the pathology of interest and the focus of the research, defining which cell types need to be included in the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Noben
- Department of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven,
Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration,
Stem Cell Institute Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wiebe Vanhove
- Department of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven,
Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaline Arnauts
- Department of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven,
Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration,
Stem Cell Institute Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anabela Santo Ramalho
- Department of Development and Regeneration,
Stem Cell Institute Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Van Assche
- Department of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven,
Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven,
Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherine Verfaillie
- Department of Development and Regeneration,
Stem Cell Institute Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Ferrante
- Department of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven,
Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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71
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Liu T, Yang Z, Zhang X, Han N, Yuan J, Cheng Y. 16S rDNA analysis of the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on pulmonary and intestinal flora. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:370. [PMID: 29071167 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the effect of FMT on regulations of dysbacteriosis of pulmonary and intestinal flora in rats with 16S rDNA sequencing technology. A total of 27 SPF rats (3-4 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group (K), model control group (MX), and fecal microbiota transplantation group (FMT); each group contained nine rats. The OTU values of the pulmonary and intestinal flora of the MX group decreased significantly compared with the normal control group. After FMT, the OTU value of pulmonary flora increased, while the value of OTU in intestinal flora declined. At the phylum level, FMT down-regulated Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes in the pulmonary flora. At the genus level, FMT down-regulated Pseudomonas, Sphingobium, Lactobacillus, Rhizobium, and Acinetobacter, thus maintaining the balance of the pulmonary flora. Moreover, FMT could change the structure and diversity of the pulmonary and intestinal flora by positively regulating the pulmonary flora and negatively regulating intestinal flora. This study may provide a scientific basis for FMT treatment of respiratory diseases.
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72
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Spiljar M, Merkler D, Trajkovski M. The Immune System Bridges the Gut Microbiota with Systemic Energy Homeostasis: Focus on TLRs, Mucosal Barrier, and SCFAs. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1353. [PMID: 29163467 PMCID: PMC5670327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is essential for the development and regulation of the immune system and the metabolism of the host. Germ-free animals have altered immunity with increased susceptibility to immunologic diseases and show metabolic alterations. Here, we focus on two of the major immune-mediated microbiota-influenced components that signal far beyond their local environment. First, the activation or suppression of the toll-like receptors (TLRs) by microbial signals can dictate the tone of the immune response, and they are implicated in regulation of the energy homeostasis. Second, we discuss the intestinal mucosal surface is an immunologic component that protects the host from pathogenic invasion, is tightly regulated with regard to its permeability and can influence the systemic energy balance. The short chain fatty acids are a group of molecules that can both modulate the intestinal barrier and escape the gut to influence systemic health. As modulators of the immune response, the microbiota-derived signals influence functions of distant organs and can change susceptibility to metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Spiljar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Trajkovski
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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73
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Ahmadi Badi S, Moshiri A, Fateh A, Rahimi Jamnani F, Sarshar M, Vaziri F, Siadat SD. Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as New Systemic Regulators. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1610. [PMID: 28883815 PMCID: PMC5573799 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmadi Badi
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of IranTehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of IranTehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityTehran, Iran
| | - Arfa Moshiri
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of IranTehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
- Experimental Therapy Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, G.Gaslini Children's HospitalGenoa, Italy
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of IranTehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of IranTehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of IranTehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of IranTehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Sarshar
- Laboratory affiliated to Instituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of IranTehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of IranTehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of IranTehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of IranTehran, Iran
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74
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Yang HE, Li Y, Nishimura A, Jheng HF, Yuliana A, Kitano-Ohue R, Nomura W, Takahashi N, Kim CS, Yu R, Kitamura N, Park SB, Kishino S, Ogawa J, Kawada T, Goto T. Synthesized enone fatty acids resembling metabolites from gut microbiota suppress macrophage-mediated inflammation in adipocytes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Eun Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate school of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto Japan
| | - Yongjia Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate school of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto Japan
| | - Akira Nishimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate school of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto Japan
| | - Huei-Fen Jheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate school of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto Japan
| | - Ana Yuliana
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate school of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto Japan
| | - Ryuji Kitano-Ohue
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate school of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto Japan
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry; The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research; Kyoto University; Japan
| | - Wataru Nomura
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate school of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto Japan
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry; The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research; Kyoto University; Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate school of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto Japan
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry; The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research; Kyoto University; Japan
| | - Chu-Sook Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; University of Ulsan; Ulsan South Korea
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; University of Ulsan; Ulsan South Korea
| | - Nahoko Kitamura
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Si-Bum Park
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry; The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research; Kyoto University; Japan
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate school of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto Japan
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry; The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research; Kyoto University; Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Graduate school of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto Japan
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry; The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research; Kyoto University; Japan
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75
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Hodzic Z, Schill EM, Bolock AM, Good M. IL-33 and the intestine: The good, the bad, and the inflammatory. Cytokine 2017; 100:1-10. [PMID: 28687373 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family that has been widely studied since its discovery in 2005 for its dichotomous functions in homeostasis and inflammation. IL-33, along with its receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), has been shown to modulate both the innate and adaptive immune system. Originally, the IL-33/ST2 signaling axis was studied in the context of inducing type 2 immune responses with the expression of ST2 by T helper 2 (TH2) cells. However, the role of IL-33 is not limited to TH2 responses. Rather, IL-33 is a potent activator of TH1 cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), regulatory T (Treg) cells, and CD8+ T cells. The intestine is uniquely important in this discussion, as the intestinal epithelium is distinctively positioned to interact with both pathogens and the immune cells housed in the mucosa. In the intestine, IL-33 is expressed by the pericryptal fibroblasts and its expression is increased particularly in disease states. Moreover, IL-33/ST2 signaling aberrancy is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Accordingly, for this review, we will focus on the role of IL-33 in the regulation of intestinal immunity, involvement in intestinal disease, and implication in potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerina Hodzic
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ellen Merrick Schill
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexa M Bolock
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Misty Good
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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76
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Undifferentiated connective tissue disease, fibromyalgia and the environmental factors. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2017; 29:355-360. [DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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77
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Kramer CD, Simas AM, He X, Ingalls RR, Weinberg EO, Genco CA. Distinct roles for dietary lipids and Porphyromonas gingivalis infection on atherosclerosis progression and the gut microbiota. Anaerobe 2017; 45:19-30. [PMID: 28442421 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence in humans supports an etiological role for the microbiota in inflammatory atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease characterized by accumulation of inflammatory cells and lipids in vascular tissue. While retention of lipoprotein into the sub-endothelial vascular layer is believed to be the initiating stimulus leading to the development of atherosclerosis, activation of multiple pathways related to vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction sustain the process by stimulating recruitment of leukocytes and immune cells into the sub-endothelial layer. The Gram-negative oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis has been associated with the development and acceleration of atherosclerosis in humans and these observations have been validated in animal models. It has been proposed that common mechanisms of immune signaling link stimulation by lipids and pathogens to vascular inflammation. Despite the common outcome of P. gingivalis and lipid feeding on atherosclerosis progression, we established that these pro-atherogenic stimuli induced distinct gene signatures in the ApoE-/- mouse model of atherosclerosis. In this study, we further defined the distinct roles of dietary lipids and P. gingivalis infection on atherosclerosis progression and the gut microbiota. We demonstrate that diet-induced lipid lowering resulted in less atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE-/- mice compared to ApoE-/- mice continuously fed a Western diet. However, the effect of diet-induced lipid lowering on plaque accumulation was blunted by P. gingivalis infection. Using principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering, we demonstrate that dietary intervention as well as P. gingivalis infection result in distinct bacterial communities in fecal and cecal samples of ApoE-/- mice as compared to ApoE-/- mice continuously fed either a Western diet or a normal chow diet. Collectively, we identified distinct microbiota changes accompanying atherosclerotic plaque, suggesting a future avenue for investigation on the impact of the gut microbiota, diet, and P. gingivalis infection on atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn D Kramer
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M & V 701, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Alexandra M Simas
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M & V 701, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate Program in Biochemical and Molecular Nutrition, Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Xianbao He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston Medical Center, Evans Biomedical Research Center, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Robin R Ingalls
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston Medical Center, Evans Biomedical Research Center, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Ellen O Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M & V 701, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Caroline Attardo Genco
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M & V 701, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M & V 701, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate Program in Microbiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M & V 701, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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