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Li YJ, Han Z, Ge L, Zhou CJ, Zhao YF, Wang DH, Ren J, Niu XX, Liang CG. C-phycocyanin protects against low fertility by inhibiting reactive oxygen species in aging mice. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17393-409. [PMID: 27008700 PMCID: PMC4951220 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Women over 35 have higher rates of infertility, largely due to deterioration of oocyte quality characterized by fragmentation, abnormal meiotic spindle-chromosome complexes, and oxidative stress. C-phycocyanin (PC) is a biliprotein enriched in Spirulina platensis that is known to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and radical-scavenging properties. D-galactose-induced aging acceleration in mice has been extensively used to study aging mechanisms and for pharmaceutical screening. In this study, adult female B6D2F/1 mice injected with D-galactose were used as a model to test the age-reversing effects of PC on degenerated reproductive ability. Our results show that PC can prevent oocyte fragmentation and aneuploidy by maintaining cytoskeletal integrity. Moreover, PC can reverse the expression of antioxidant genes, increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decrease methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) content, and normalize mitochondria distribution. PC exerts its benefit by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which decreases apoptosis. Finally, we observe a significant increase in litter size after PC administration to D-galactose-induced aging mice. Our study demonstrates for the first time that D-galactose-induced impaired female reproductive capability can be partially rescued by the antioxidant effects of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jiao Li
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Han
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ge
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jie Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Fang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Hui Wang
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ren
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Xin Niu
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Guang Liang
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
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El Yakoubi W, Wassmann K. Meiotic Divisions: No Place for Gender Equality. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1002:1-17. [PMID: 28600780 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57127-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms the fusion of two gametes with a haploid set of chromosomes leads to the formation of the zygote, the first cell of the embryo. Accurate execution of the meiotic cell division to generate a female and a male gamete is required for the generation of healthy offspring harboring the correct number of chromosomes. Unfortunately, meiosis is error prone. This has severe consequences for fertility and under certain circumstances, health of the offspring. In humans, female meiosis is extremely error prone. In this chapter we will compare male and female meiosis in humans to illustrate why and at which frequency errors occur, and describe how this affects pregnancy outcome and health of the individual. We will first introduce key notions of cell division in meiosis and how they differ from mitosis, followed by a detailed description of the events that are prone to errors during the meiotic divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warif El Yakoubi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris, 75252, France.,CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Paris, 75252, France
| | - Katja Wassmann
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris, 75252, France. .,CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Paris, 75252, France.
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53
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Webster A, Schuh M. Mechanisms of Aneuploidy in Human Eggs. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 27:55-68. [PMID: 27773484 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Eggs and sperm develop through a specialized cell division called meiosis. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced by two sequential divisions in preparation for fertilization. In human female meiosis, chromosomes frequently segregate incorrectly, resulting in eggs with an abnormal number of chromosomes. When fertilized, these eggs give rise to aneuploid embryos that usually fail to develop. As women become older, errors in meiosis occur more frequently, resulting in increased risks of infertility, miscarriage, and congenital syndromes, such as Down's syndrome. Here, we review recent studies that identify the mechanisms causing aneuploidy in female meiosis, with a particular emphasis on studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Webster
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melina Schuh
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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54
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Cheng JM, Li J, Tang JX, Chen SR, Deng SL, Jin C, Zhang Y, Wang XX, Zhou CX, Liu YX. Elevated intracellular pH appears in aged oocytes and causes oocyte aneuploidy associated with the loss of cohesion in mice. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2454-63. [PMID: 27472084 PMCID: PMC5026820 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1201255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in the aneuploidy rate caused by the deterioration of cohesion with increasing maternal age have been well documented. However, the molecular mechanism for the loss of cohesion in aged oocytes remains unknown. In this study, we found that intracellular pH (pHi) was elevated in aged oocytes, which might disturb the structure of the cohesin ring to induce aneuploidy. We observed for the first time that full-grown germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes displayed an increase in pHi with advancing age in CD1 mice. Furthermore, during the in vitro oocyte maturation process, the pHi was maintained at a high level, up to ∼7.6, in 12-month-old mice. Normal pHi is necessary to maintain protein localization and function. Thus, we put forward a hypothesis that the elevated oocyte pHi might be related to the loss of cohesion and the increased aneuploidy in aged mice. Through the in vitro alkalinization treatment of young oocytes, we observed that the increased pHi caused an increase in the aneuploidy rate and the sister inter-kinetochore (iKT) distance associated with the strength of cohesion and caused a decline in the cohesin subunit SMC3 protein level. Young oocytes with elevated pHi exhibited substantially the increase in chromosome misalignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Mei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Ren Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Long Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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55
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Gyuricza MR, Manheimer KB, Apte V, Krishnan B, Joyce EF, McKee BD, McKim KS. Dynamic and Stable Cohesins Regulate Synaptonemal Complex Assembly and Chromosome Segregation. Curr Biol 2016; 26:1688-1698. [PMID: 27291057 PMCID: PMC4942336 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of the synaptonemal complex (SC) in Drosophila depends on two independent pathways defined by the chromosome axis proteins C(2)M and ORD. Because C(2)M encodes a Kleisin-like protein and ORD is required for sister-chromatid cohesion, we tested the hypothesis that these two SC assembly pathways depend on two cohesin complexes. Through single- and double-mutant analysis to study the mitotic cohesion proteins Stromalin (SA) and Nipped-B (SCC2) in meiosis, we provide evidence that there are at least two meiosis-specific cohesin complexes. One complex depends on C(2)M, SA, and Nipped-B. Despite the presence of mitotic cohesins SA and Nipped-B, this pathway has only a minor role in meiotic sister-centromere cohesion and is primarily required for homolog interactions. C(2)M is continuously incorporated into pachytene chromosomes even though SC assembly is complete. In contrast, the second complex, which depends on meiosis-specific proteins SOLO, SUNN, and ORD is required for sister-chromatid cohesion, localizes to the centromeres and is not incorporated during prophase. Our results show that the two cohesin complexes have unique functions and are regulated differently. Multiple cohesin complexes may provide the diversity of activities required by the meiotic cell. For example, a dynamic complex may allow the chromosomes to regulate meiotic recombination, and a stable complex may be required for sister-chromatid cohesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes R Gyuricza
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
| | - Kathryn B Manheimer
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
| | - Vandana Apte
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
| | - Badri Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
| | - Eric F Joyce
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
| | - Bruce D McKee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
| | - Kim S McKim
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA.
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56
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Bury L, Coelho PA, Glover DM. From Meiosis to Mitosis: The Astonishing Flexibility of Cell Division Mechanisms in Early Mammalian Development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 120:125-71. [PMID: 27475851 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The execution of female meiosis and the establishment of the zygote is arguably the most critical stage of mammalian development. The egg can be arrested in the prophase of meiosis I for decades, and when it is activated, the spindle is assembled de novo. This spindle must function with the highest of fidelity and yet its assembly is unusually achieved in the absence of conventional centrosomes and with minimal influence of chromatin. Moreover, its dramatic asymmetric positioning is achieved through remarkable properties of the actin cytoskeleton to ensure elimination of the polar bodies. The second meiotic arrest marks a uniquely prolonged metaphase eventually interrupted by egg activation at fertilization to complete meiosis and mark a period of preparation of the male and female pronuclear genomes not only for their entry into the mitotic cleavage divisions but also for the imminent prospect of their zygotic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bury
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - P A Coelho
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D M Glover
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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57
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Liu JY, Zhang NZ, Li WH, Li L, Yan HB, Qu ZG, Li TT, Cui JM, Yang Y, Jia WZ, Fu BQ. Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the three developmental stages of Trichinella spiralis. Vet Parasitol 2016; 231:32-38. [PMID: 27357750 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis, an intracellular parasitic nematode, can cause severe foodborne zoonosis, trichinellosis. The life cycle of T. spiralis consists of adult (Ad), muscle larvae (ML) and newborn larvae (NBL). The protein profiles in different developmental stages of the parasite remain unknown. In the present study, proteins from lysates of Ad, ML and NBL were identified by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). A total of 4691 proteins were identified in all the developmental stages, of which 1067 proteins were differentially expressed. The number of up-regulated proteins in NBL was higher than that of the other two groups. The protein profiles from Ad, ML and NBL were compared in pairs. The identified proteins were involved in various functions of T. spiralis life cycle, including sexual maturity, metabolism, utilization of carbohydrates, lipids and nucleotides, and other crucial developmental processes that occur at distinct stages. Further investigation of the transcriptional levels of major sperm protein, serine protease, zinc finger protein, etc. from the different protein profiles using quantitative RT-PCR showed identical results to the iTRAQ analysis. The differentially expressed proteins that are involved in developmental regulation and host-parasite interactions should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - N Z Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - W H Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - L Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - H B Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - Z G Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - T T Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - J M Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - Y Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - W Z Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - B Q Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
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58
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Ocampo-Hafalla M, Muñoz S, Samora CP, Uhlmann F. Evidence for cohesin sliding along budding yeast chromosomes. Open Biol 2016; 6:150178. [PMID: 27278645 PMCID: PMC4929932 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ring-shaped cohesin complex is thought to topologically hold sister chromatids together from their synthesis in S phase until chromosome segregation in mitosis. How cohesin stably binds to chromosomes for extended periods, without impeding other chromosomal processes that also require access to the DNA, is poorly understood. Budding yeast cohesin is loaded onto DNA by the Scc2-Scc4 cohesin loader at centromeres and promoters of active genes, from where cohesin translocates to more permanent places of residence at transcription termination sites. Here we show that, at the GAL2 and MET17 loci, pre-existing cohesin is pushed downstream along the DNA in response to transcriptional gene activation, apparently without need for intermittent dissociation or reloading. We observe translocation intermediates and find that the distribution of most chromosomal cohesin is shaped by transcription. Our observations support a model in which cohesin is able to slide laterally along chromosomes while maintaining topological contact with DNA. In this way, stable cohesin binding to DNA and enduring sister chromatid cohesion become compatible with simultaneous underlying chromosomal activities, including but maybe not limited to transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ocampo-Hafalla
- The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Sofía Muñoz
- The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Catarina P Samora
- The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Frank Uhlmann
- The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
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59
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Tang A, Shi P, Song A, Zou D, Zhou Y, Gu P, Huang Z, Wang Q, Lin Z, Gao X. PP2A regulates kinetochore-microtubule attachment during meiosis I in oocyte. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:1450-61. [PMID: 27096707 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1175256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies using in vitro cultured oocytes have indicated that the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a major serine/threonine protein phosphatase, participates in multiple steps of meiosis. Details of oocyte maturation regulation by PP2A remain unclear and an in vivo model can provide more convincing information. Here, we inactivated PP2A by mutating genes encoding for its catalytic subunits (PP2Acs) in mouse oocytes. We found that eliminating both PP2Acs caused female infertility. Oocytes lacking PP2Acs failed to complete 1(st) meiotic division due to chromosome misalignment and abnormal spindle assembly. In mitosis, PP2A counteracts Aurora kinase B/C (AurkB/C) to facilitate correct kinetochore-microtubule (KT-MT) attachment. In meiosis I in oocyte, we found that PP2Ac deficiency destabilized KT-MT attachments. Chemical inhibition of AurkB/C in PP2Ac-null oocytes partly restored the formation of lateral/merotelic KT-MT attachments but not correct KT-MT attachments. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that PP2Acs are essential for chromosome alignments and regulate the formation of correct KT-MT attachments in meiosis I in oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Tang
- a State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Peiliang Shi
- a State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Anying Song
- a State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Dayuan Zou
- a State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yue Zhou
- b State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Pengyu Gu
- c Neurobiology Department , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Zan Huang
- d College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- a State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiang Gao
- a State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
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60
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Abstract
Sexual reproduction is essential for many organisms to propagate themselves. It requires the formation of haploid female and male gametes: oocytes and sperms. These specialized cells are generated through meiosis, a particular type of cell division that produces cells with recombined genomes that differ from their parental origin. In this review, we highlight the end process of female meiosis, the divisions per se, and how they can give rise to a functional female gamete preparing itself for the ensuing zygotic development. In particular, we discuss why such an essential process in the propagation of species is so poorly controlled, producing a strong percentage of abnormal female gametes in the end. Eventually, we examine aspects related to the lack of centrosomes in female oocytes, the asymmetry in size of the mammalian oocyte upon division, and in mammals the direct consequences of these long-lived cells in the ovary.
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61
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Crawley O, Barroso C, Testori S, Ferrandiz N, Silva N, Castellano-Pozo M, Jaso-Tamame AL, Martinez-Perez E. Cohesin-interacting protein WAPL-1 regulates meiotic chromosome structure and cohesion by antagonizing specific cohesin complexes. eLife 2016; 5:e10851. [PMID: 26841696 PMCID: PMC4758955 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wapl induces cohesin dissociation from DNA throughout the mitotic cell cycle, modulating sister chromatid cohesion and higher-order chromatin structure. Cohesin complexes containing meiosis-specific kleisin subunits govern most aspects of meiotic chromosome function, but whether Wapl regulates these complexes remains unknown. We show that during C. elegans oogenesis WAPL-1 antagonizes binding of cohesin containing COH-3/4 kleisins, but not REC-8, demonstrating that sensitivity to WAPL-1 is dictated by kleisin identity. By restricting the amount of chromosome-associated COH-3/4 cohesin, WAPL-1 controls chromosome structure throughout meiotic prophase. In the absence of REC-8, WAPL-1 inhibits COH-3/4-mediated cohesion, which requires crossover-fated events formed during meiotic recombination. Thus, WAPL-1 promotes functional specialization of meiotic cohesin: WAPL-1-sensitive COH-3/4 complexes modulate higher-order chromosome structure, while WAPL-1-refractory REC-8 complexes provide stable cohesion. Surprisingly, a WAPL-1-independent mechanism removes cohesin before metaphase I. Our studies provide insight into how meiosis-specific cohesin complexes are regulated to ensure formation of euploid gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Crawley
- Meiosis group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Consuelo Barroso
- Meiosis group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Testori
- Meiosis group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nuria Ferrandiz
- Meiosis group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Silva
- Meiosis group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maikel Castellano-Pozo
- Meiosis group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angel Luis Jaso-Tamame
- Meiosis group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Enrique Martinez-Perez
- Meiosis group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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62
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Lu YQ, He XC, Zheng P. Decrease in expression of maternal effect gene Mater is associated with maternal ageing in mice. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:252-60. [PMID: 26769260 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY HYPOTHESIS What factors in mouse oocytes are involved in the ageing-related decline in oocyte quality? STUDY FINDING The maternal effect gene Mater is involved in ageing-related oocyte quality decline in mice. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Premature loss of centromere cohesion is a hallmark of ageing-related oocyte quality decline; the maternal effect gene Mater (maternal antigen that embryos require, also known as Nlrp5) is required for preimplantation embryo development beyond the 2-cell stage, and mRNA expression of Mater decreases with maternal ageing. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS Mater protein expression level in mature oocytes from 7 young (5-8 weeks old) to 7 old mice (41-68 weeks old) was compared by immunoblotting analysis. Wild-type and Mater-null mice were used to examine whether Mater is necessary for maintaining normal centromere cohesion by means of cytogenetic karyotyping, time-lapse confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence staining. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Mater protein is decreased in mature oocytes from old versus young mice (P = 0.0022). Depletion of Mater from oocytes leads to a reduction in centromere cohesion, manifested by precocious sister chromatid separation, enlargement of sister centromere distance and misalignment of chromosomes in the metaphase plate during meiosis I and II. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study was conducted in mice. Whether or not the results are applicable to human remains further elucidation. In addition, we were unable to confirm if the strain of mice (C57BL/6XSv129) at the age of 41-68 weeks old has the 'cohesin-loss' phenotype. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Investigating Mater's functional mechanisms could provide fresh insights into understanding how the ageing-related oocyte quality decline occurs. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by the research grant from Chinese NSFC to P.Z. (31071274). We have no conflict of interests to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-qing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Xie-chao He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
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63
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Patel J, Tan SL, Hartshorne GM, McAinsh AD. Unique geometry of sister kinetochores in human oocytes during meiosis I may explain maternal age-associated increases in chromosomal abnormalities. Biol Open 2015; 5:178-84. [PMID: 26718930 PMCID: PMC4823989 DOI: 10.1242/bio.016394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The first meiotic division in human oocytes is highly error-prone and contributes to the uniquely high incidence of aneuploidy observed in human pregnancies. A successful meiosis I (MI) division entails separation of homologous chromosome pairs and co-segregation of sister chromatids. For this to happen, sister kinetochores must form attachments to spindle kinetochore-fibres emanating from the same pole. In mouse and budding yeast, sister kinetochores remain closely associated with each other during MI, enabling them to act as a single unified structure. However, whether this arrangement also applies in human meiosis I oocytes was unclear. In this study, we perform high-resolution imaging of over 1900 kinetochores in human oocytes, to examine the geometry and architecture of the human meiotic kinetochore. We reveal that sister kinetochores in MI are not physically fused, and instead individual kinetochores within a pair are capable of forming independent attachments to spindle k-fibres. Notably, with increasing female age, the separation between kinetochores increases, suggesting a degradation of centromeric cohesion and/or changes in kinetochore architecture. Our data suggest that the differential arrangement of sister kinetochores and dual k-fibre attachments may explain the high proportion of unstable attachments that form in MI and thus indicate why human oocytes are prone to aneuploidy, particularly with increasing maternal age. Summary: Sister kinetochores in meiosis I human oocytes are not physically fused, with the degree of separation increasing with maternal age. This may have implications for the high incidence of aneuploidy in human oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Patel
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Seang Lin Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Geraldine M Hartshorne
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Andrew D McAinsh
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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64
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Abstract
The study of homologous recombination has its historical roots in meiosis. In this context, recombination occurs as a programmed event that culminates in the formation of crossovers, which are essential for accurate chromosome segregation and create new combinations of parental alleles. Thus, meiotic recombination underlies both the independent assortment of parental chromosomes and genetic linkage. This review highlights the features of meiotic recombination that distinguish it from recombinational repair in somatic cells, and how the molecular processes of meiotic recombination are embedded and interdependent with the chromosome structures that characterize meiotic prophase. A more in-depth review presents our understanding of how crossover and noncrossover pathways of meiotic recombination are differentiated and regulated. The final section of this review summarizes the studies that have defined defective recombination as a leading cause of pregnancy loss and congenital disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Hunter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Department of Cell Biology & Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
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65
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MacLennan M, Crichton JH, Playfoot CJ, Adams IR. Oocyte development, meiosis and aneuploidy. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 45:68-76. [PMID: 26454098 PMCID: PMC4828587 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is one of the defining events in gametogenesis. Male and female germ cells both undergo one round of meiotic cell division during their development in order to reduce the ploidy of the gametes, and thereby maintain the ploidy of the species after fertilisation. However, there are some aspects of meiosis in the female germline, such as the prolonged arrest in dictyate, that appear to predispose oocytes to missegregate their chromosomes and transmit aneuploidies to the next generation. These maternally-derived aneuploidies are particularly problematic in humans where they are major contributors to miscarriage, age-related infertility, and the high incidence of Down's syndrome in human conceptions. This review will discuss how events that occur in foetal oocyte development and during the oocytes' prolonged dictyate arrest can influence meiotic chromosome segregation and the incidence of aneuploidy in adult oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie MacLennan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - James H Crichton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Christopher J Playfoot
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Ian R Adams
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
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66
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Abstract
Crossing over, or reciprocal recombination, is essential for accurate segregation of homologous chromosomes at the first meiotic division, resulting in gametes containing the correct chromosome number. A new study in human oocytes analyzes the genome-wide recombination and segregation patterns in all the products of female meiosis, providing experimental support for existing theories about the origin of human aneuploidies and highlighting a novel reverse segregation mechanism of chromosome segregation during meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Brieño-Enríquez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Reproductive Genomics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Paula E Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Reproductive Genomics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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67
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Sakakibara Y, Hashimoto S, Nakaoka Y, Kouznetsova A, Höög C, Kitajima TS. Bivalent separation into univalents precedes age-related meiosis I errors in oocytes. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7550. [PMID: 26130582 PMCID: PMC4507009 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequency of chromosome segregation errors during meiosis I (MI) in oocytes increases with age. The two-hit model suggests that errors are caused by the combination of a first hit that creates susceptible crossover configurations and a second hit comprising an age-related reduction in chromosome cohesion. This model predicts an age-related increase in univalents, but direct evidence of this phenomenon as a major cause of segregation errors has been lacking. Here, we provide the first live analysis of single chromosomes undergoing segregation errors during MI in the oocytes of naturally aged mice. Chromosome tracking reveals that 80% of the errors are preceded by bivalent separation into univalents. The set of the univalents is biased towards balanced and unbalanced predivision of sister chromatids during MI. Moreover, we find univalents predisposed to predivision in human oocytes. This study defines premature bivalent separation into univalents as the primary defect responsible for age-related aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogo Sakakibara
- Laboratory for Chromosome Segregation, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | | | | | - Anna Kouznetsova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Christer Höög
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Tomoya S Kitajima
- Laboratory for Chromosome Segregation, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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68
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Touati SA, Buffin E, Cladière D, Hached K, Rachez C, van Deursen JM, Wassmann K. Mouse oocytes depend on BubR1 for proper chromosome segregation but not for prophase I arrest. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6946. [PMID: 25897860 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian female meiosis is error prone, with rates of meiotic chromosome missegregations strongly increasing towards the end of the reproductive lifespan. A strong reduction of BubR1 has been observed in oocytes of women approaching menopause and in ovaries of aged mice, which led to the hypothesis that a gradual decline of BubR1 contributes to age-related aneuploidization. Here we employ a conditional knockout approach in mouse oocytes to dissect the meiotic roles of BubR1. We show that BubR1 is required for diverse meiotic functions, including persistent spindle assembly checkpoint activity, timing of meiosis I and the establishment of robust kinetochore-microtubule attachments in a meiosis-specific manner, but not prophase I arrest. These data reveal that BubR1 plays a multifaceted role in chromosome segregation during the first meiotic division and suggest that age-related decline of BubR1 is a key determinant of the formation of aneuploid oocytes as women approach menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Touati
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Eulalie Buffin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Damien Cladière
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Khaled Hached
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Rachez
- Departement de Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches, CNRS URA2578, Unité de Régulation Epigénétique, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Katja Wassmann
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, 75005 Paris, France
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69
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Changes in the expression of DNA double strand break repair genes in primordial follicles from immature and aged rats. Reprod Biomed Online 2015; 30:303-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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70
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Jiao ZX, Xu M, Woodruff TK. Age-related increase in aneuploidy and alteration of gene expression in mouse first polar bodies. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 31:731-7. [PMID: 24658923 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To confirm that aneuploidy candidate genes are detectable in the first polar body (PB(1)) of MII oocytes and to investigate the age-dependent molecular changes in PB(1). METHODS Aged (12-to 15-mo-old) and young (2-mo-old) mice were administered pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). MII oocytes were obtained and the first PB was removed. mRNA from each PB and its sibling oocyte was reverse transcribed. Real-time PCR was performed to quantify the expression of six genes (BUB1, CDC20, Filia, MCAK, SGOL1, SMC1A) in single PB. RESULTS We first demonstrated that detection and quantification of transcripts associated with aneuploidy in single mouse oocyte and sibling PB(1) is possible and the relative abundance of mRNA transcripts in a single PB faithfully reflects the relative abundance of that transcript in its sibling oocyte. We further found that transcript levels were significantly lower in aged PBs compared with young PBs (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the detection and analysis of polar body mRNA may provide insight in age-related aneuploidy in oocyte. This analysis is a novel concept to investigate the genesis of chromosome abnormality and could potentially assist in the characterization of mechanisms underlying key molecular origin of female meiotic aneuploidy, which would be of great scientific and clinical value.
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71
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Sakuno T, Watanabe Y. Phosphorylation of cohesin Rec11/SA3 by casein kinase 1 promotes homologous recombination by assembling the meiotic chromosome axis. Dev Cell 2015; 32:220-30. [PMID: 25579976 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In meiosis, cohesin is required for sister chromatid cohesion, as well as meiotic chromosome axis assembly and recombination. However, mechanisms underlying the multifunctional nature of cohesin remain elusive. Here, we show that fission yeast casein kinase 1 (CK1) plays a crucial role in assembling the meiotic chromosome axis (so-called linear element: LinE) and promoting recombination. An in vitro phosphorylation screening assay identified meiotic cohesin subunit Rec11/SA3 as an excellent substrate of CK1. The phosphorylation of Rec11 by CK1 mediates the interaction with the Rec10/Red1/SCP2 axis component, a key step in meiotic chromosome axis assembly, and is dispensable for sister chromatid cohesion. Crucially, the expression of Rec11-Rec10 fusion protein nearly completely bypasses the requirement for CK1 or cohesin phosphorylation for LinE assembly and recombination. This study uncovers a central mechanism of the cohesin-dependent assembly of the meiotic chromosome axis and recombination apparatus that acts independently of sister chromatid cohesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sakuno
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Watanabe
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
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72
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Kim J, Ishiguro KI, Nambu A, Akiyoshi B, Yokobayashi S, Kagami A, Ishiguro T, Pendas AM, Takeda N, Sakakibara Y, Kitajima TS, Tanno Y, Sakuno T, Watanabe Y. Meikin is a conserved regulator of meiosis-I-specific kinetochore function. Nature 2015; 517:466-71. [PMID: 25533956 DOI: 10.1038/nature14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The kinetochore is the crucial apparatus regulating chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis. Particularly in meiosis I, unlike in mitosis, sister kinetochores are captured by microtubules emanating from the same spindle pole (mono-orientation) and centromeric cohesion mediated by cohesin is protected in the following anaphase. Although meiotic kinetochore factors have been identified only in budding and fission yeasts, these molecules and their functions are thought to have diverged earlier. Therefore, a conserved mechanism for meiotic kinetochore regulation remains elusive. Here we have identified in mouse a meiosis-specific kinetochore factor that we termed MEIKIN, which functions in meiosis I but not in meiosis II or mitosis. MEIKIN plays a crucial role in both mono-orientation and centromeric cohesion protection, partly by stabilizing the localization of the cohesin protector shugoshin. These functions are mediated mainly by the activity of Polo-like kinase PLK1, which is enriched to kinetochores in a MEIKIN-dependent manner. Our integrative analysis indicates that the long-awaited key regulator of meiotic kinetochore function is Meikin, which is conserved from yeasts to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kei-ichiro Ishiguro
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Aya Nambu
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Bungo Akiyoshi
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Shihori Yokobayashi
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Ayano Kagami
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishiguro
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Alberto M Pendas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Naoki Takeda
- Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811 Japan
| | - Yogo Sakakibara
- Laboratory for Chromosome Segregation, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoya S Kitajima
- Laboratory for Chromosome Segregation, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanno
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakuno
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Watanabe
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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73
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Abstract
It has become a current social trend for women to delay childbearing. However, the quality of oocytes from older females is compromised and the pregnancy rate of older women is lower. With the increased rate of delayed childbearing, it is becoming more and more crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying the compromised quality of oocytes from older women, including mitochondrial dysfunctions, aneuploidy and epigenetic changes. Establishing proper epigenetic modifications during oogenesis and early embryo development is an important aspect in reproduction. The reprogramming process may be influenced by external and internal factors that result in improper epigenetic changes in germ cells. Furthermore, germ cell epigenetic changes might be inherited by the next generations. In this review, we briefly summarise the effects of ageing on oocyte quality. We focus on discussing the relationship between ageing and epigenetic modifications, highlighting the epigenetic changes in oocytes from advanced-age females and in post-ovulatory aged oocytes as well as the possible underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Jia Ge
- Reproductive Medicine CenterHenan Provincial People's Hospital, #7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450003, People's Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of ChinaReproductive Medicine CenterPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450003, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Veterinary PathobiologyUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA Reproductive Medicine CenterHenan Provincial People's Hospital, #7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450003, People's Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of ChinaReproductive Medicine CenterPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450003, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Veterinary PathobiologyUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA Reproductive Medicine CenterHenan Provincial People's Hospital, #7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450003, People's Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of ChinaReproductive Medicine CenterPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450003, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Veterinary PathobiologyUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Heide Schatten
- Reproductive Medicine CenterHenan Provincial People's Hospital, #7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450003, People's Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of ChinaReproductive Medicine CenterPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450003, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Veterinary PathobiologyUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Cui-Lian Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine CenterHenan Provincial People's Hospital, #7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450003, People's Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of ChinaReproductive Medicine CenterPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450003, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Veterinary PathobiologyUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA Reproductive Medicine CenterHenan Provincial People's Hospital, #7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450003, People's Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of ChinaReproductive Medicine CenterPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450003, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Veterinary PathobiologyUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- Reproductive Medicine CenterHenan Provincial People's Hospital, #7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450003, People's Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of ChinaReproductive Medicine CenterPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450003, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Veterinary PathobiologyUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Severson AF, Meyer BJ. Divergent kleisin subunits of cohesin specify mechanisms to tether and release meiotic chromosomes. eLife 2014; 3:e03467. [PMID: 25171895 PMCID: PMC4174578 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that multiple, functionally specialized cohesin complexes mediate the establishment and two-step release of sister chromatid cohesion that underlies the production of haploid gametes. In C. elegans, the kleisin subunits REC-8 and COH-3/4 differ between meiotic cohesins and endow them with distinctive properties that specify how cohesins load onto chromosomes and then trigger and release cohesion. Unlike REC-8 cohesin, COH-3/4 cohesin becomes cohesive through a replication-independent mechanism initiated by the DNA double-stranded breaks that induce crossover recombination. Thus, break-induced cohesion also tethers replicated meiotic chromosomes. Later, recombination stimulates separase-independent removal of REC-8 and COH-3/4 cohesins from reciprocal chromosomal territories flanking the crossover site. This region-specific removal likely underlies the two-step separation of homologs and sisters. Unexpectedly, COH-3/4 performs cohesion-independent functions in synaptonemal complex assembly. This new model for cohesin function diverges from that established in yeast but likely applies directly to plants and mammals, which utilize similar meiotic kleisins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F Severson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Barbara J Meyer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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Cheng J, Jia B, Wu T, Zhou G, Hou Y, Fu X, Zhu S. Effects of vitrification for germinal vesicle and metaphase II oocytes on subsequent centromere cohesion and chromosome aneuploidy in mice. Theriogenology 2014; 82:495-500. [PMID: 24930605 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of vitrification on oocyte aneuploidy and centromere cohesion. Firstly, germinal vesicle (GV) and in vitro matured oocytes (metaphase II, MII) were vitrified by open-pulled straw method. Secondly, thawed GV oocytes were matured in vitro to detect the aneuploidy rate and the sister inter-kinetochore (iKT) distance (in situ spreading and immunofluorescent staining). The results revealed that the sister iKT distance and the aneuploidy rate in eggs matured from vitrified-thawed GV oocytes were higher than that from in vivo matured, in vitro matured, and in vitro matured frozen oocytes (0.47 ± 0.03 vs. 0.33 ± 0.01 vs. 0.33 ± 0.02 vs. 0.34 ± 0.01 μm; P < 0.01 and 22.9% vs. 6.5% vs. 5.8% vs. 11.8%; P < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, the percentage of sister chromosome pairs whose sister iKT distances were higher than 0.9 μm in eggs matured from vitrified-thawed GV oocytes (8.7%) was higher than that from in vivo matured (1.6%), in vitro matured (1.6%), and in vitro matured frozen oocytes (2.3%) (P < 0.05). The sister iKT distance was associated with centromere cohesion. To investigate whether vitrification of GV oocytes deteriorated centromere cohesion by affecting cohesin complex formation, thawed and fresh GV oocytes were used to detect the cohesin subunits (SMC1β, STAG3, SMC3, and REC8) mRNA expression (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction). The relative expression of three cohesin subunits (SMC1β, STAG3, and SMC3) was significantly decreased in GV oocytes after vitrification. In conclusion, vitrification of GV oocytes may result in the subsequent deterioration of centromere cohesion and an increase in the aneuploidy rate. MII oocytes may be the ideal candidate to avoid aneuploidy for fertility cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Cheng
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Baoyu Jia
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Wu
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guangbin Zhou
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University (Chengdu Campus), Wenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Hou
- College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Shien Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China.
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76
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Winters T, McNicoll F, Jessberger R. Meiotic cohesin STAG3 is required for chromosome axis formation and sister chromatid cohesion. EMBO J 2014; 33:1256-70. [PMID: 24797474 PMCID: PMC4198028 DOI: 10.1002/embj.201387330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cohesin complex is essential for mitosis and meiosis. The specific meiotic roles of individual cohesin proteins are incompletely understood. We report in vivo functions of the only meiosis-specific STAG component of cohesin, STAG3. Newly generated STAG3-deficient mice of both sexes are sterile with meiotic arrest. In these mice, meiotic chromosome architecture is severely disrupted as no bona fide axial elements (AE) form and homologous chromosomes do not synapse. Axial element protein SYCP3 forms dot-like structures, many partially overlapping with centromeres. Asynapsis marker HORMAD1 is diffusely distributed throughout the chromatin, and SYCP1, which normally marks synapsed axes, is largely absent. Centromeric and telomeric sister chromatid cohesion are impaired. Centromere and telomere clustering occurs in the absence of STAG3, and telomere structure is not severely affected. Other cohesin proteins are present, localize throughout the STAG3-devoid chromatin, and form complexes with cohesin SMC1β. No other deficiency in a single meiosis-specific cohesin causes a phenotype as drastic as STAG3 deficiency. STAG3 emerges as the key STAG cohesin involved in major functions of meiotic cohesin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Winters
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Physiological Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Francois McNicoll
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Physiological Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Physiological Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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77
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Tsutsumi M, Fujiwara R, Nishizawa H, Ito M, Kogo H, Inagaki H, Ohye T, Kato T, Fujii T, Kurahashi H. Age-related decrease of meiotic cohesins in human oocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96710. [PMID: 24806359 PMCID: PMC4013030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy in fetal chromosomes is one of the causes of pregnancy loss and of congenital birth defects. It is known that the frequency of oocyte aneuploidy increases with the human maternal age. Recent data have highlighted the contribution of cohesin complexes in the correct segregation of meiotic chromosomes. In mammalian oocytes, cohesion is established during the fetal stages and meiosis-specific cohesin subunits are not replenished after birth, raising the possibility that the long meiotic arrest of oocytes facilitates a deterioration of cohesion that leads to age-related increases in aneuploidy. We here examined the cohesin levels in dictyate oocytes from different age groups of humans and mice by immunofluorescence analyses of ovarian sections. The meiosis-specific cohesin subunits, REC8 and SMC1B, were found to be decreased in women aged 40 and over compared with those aged around 20 years (P<0.01). Age-related decreases in meiotic cohesins were also evident in mice. Interestingly, SMC1A, the mitotic counterpart of SMC1B, was substantially detectable in human oocytes, but little expressed in mice. Further, the amount of mitotic cohesins of mice slightly increased with age. These results suggest that, mitotic and meiotic cohesins may operate in a coordinated way to maintain cohesions over a sustained period in humans and that age-related decreases in meiotic cohesin subunits impair sister chromatid cohesion leading to increased segregation errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Tsutsumi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Reiko Fujiwara
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Haruki Nishizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mayuko Ito
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kogo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hidehito Inagaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tamae Ohye
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takema Kato
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuma Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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78
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Yun Y, Holt JE, Lane SIR, McLaughlin EA, Merriman JA, Jones KT. Reduced ability to recover from spindle disruption and loss of kinetochore spindle assembly checkpoint proteins in oocytes from aged mice. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1938-47. [PMID: 24758999 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, maternal aging in women, based on mouse models, is thought to raise oocyte aneuploidy rates, because chromosome cohesion deteriorates during prophase arrest, and Sgo2, a protector of centromeric cohesion, is lost. Here we show that the most common mouse strain, C57Bl6/J, is resistant to maternal aging, showing little increase in aneuploidy or Sgo2 loss. Instead it demonstrates significant kinetochore-associated loss in the spindle assembly checkpoint protein Mad2 and phosphorylated Aurora C, which is involved in microtubule-kinetochore error correction. Their loss affects the fidelity of bivalent segregation but only when spindle organization is impaired during oocyte maturation. These findings have an impact clinically regarding the handling of human oocytes ex vivo during assisted reproductive techniques and suggest there is a genetic basis to aneuploidy susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yun
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy; University of Newcastle; Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Janet E Holt
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy; University of Newcastle; Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon I R Lane
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy; University of Newcastle; Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Centre for Biological Sciences; Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton, UK
| | - Eileen A McLaughlin
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences; University of Newcastle; Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie A Merriman
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy; University of Newcastle; Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Centre for Biological Sciences; Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton, UK
| | - Keith T Jones
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy; University of Newcastle; Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Centre for Biological Sciences; Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton, UK
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79
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Yun Y, Lane SIR, Jones KT. Premature dyad separation in meiosis II is the major segregation error with maternal age in mouse oocytes. Development 2014; 141:199-208. [PMID: 24346700 PMCID: PMC3913075 DOI: 10.1242/dev.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As women get older their oocytes become susceptible to chromosome mis-segregation. This generates aneuploid embryos, leading to increased infertility and birth defects. Here we examined the provenance of aneuploidy by tracking chromosomes and their kinetochores in oocytes from young and aged mice. Changes consistent with chromosome cohesion deterioration were found with age, including increased interkinetochore distance and loss of the centromeric protector of cohesion SGO2 in metaphase II arrested (metII) eggs, as well as a rise in the number of weakly attached bivalents in meiosis I (MI) and lagging chromosomes at anaphase I. However, there were no MI errors in congression or biorientation. Instead, premature separation of dyads in meiosis II was the major segregation defect in aged eggs and these were associated with very low levels of SGO2. These data show that although considerable cohesion loss occurs during MI, its consequences are observed during meiosis II, when centromeric cohesion is needed to maintain dyad integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yun
- Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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80
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Hultén MA, Öijerstedt L, Iwarsson E, Jonasson J. Maternal Germinal Trisomy 21 in Down Syndrome. J Clin Med 2014; 3:167-75. [PMID: 26237255 PMCID: PMC4449669 DOI: 10.3390/jcm3010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It has now been over 50 years since it was discovered that Down syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome 21, i.e., trisomy 21. In the interim, it has become clear that in the majority of cases, the extra chromosome is inherited from the mother, and there is, in this respect, a strong maternal age effect. Numerous investigations have been devoted to clarifying the underlying mechanism, most recently suggesting that this situation is exceedingly complex, involving both biological and environmental factors. On the other hand, it has also been proposed that germinal trisomy 21 mosaicism, arising during the very early stages of maternal oogenesis with accumulation of trisomy 21 germ cells during subsequent development, may be the main predisposing factor. We present data here on the incidence of trisomy 21 mosaicism in a cohort of normal fetal ovarian samples, indicating that an accumulation of trisomy 21 germ cells does indeed take place during fetal oogenesis, i.e., from the first to the second trimester of pregnancy. We presume that this accumulation of trisomy 21 (T21) cells is caused by their delay in maturation and lagging behind the normal cells. We further presume that this trend continues during the third trimester of pregnancy and postnatally, up until ovulation, thereby explaining the maternal age effect in Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj A Hultén
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-171 76, Sweden.
| | - Linn Öijerstedt
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, KI Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm S-141 86, Sweden.
| | - Erik Iwarsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-171 76, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-171 76, Sweden.
| | - Jon Jonasson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, LMC, University Hospital, Linköping S-581 85, Sweden.
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81
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Fu X, Cheng J, Hou Y, Zhu S. The association between the oocyte pool and aneuploidy: a comparative study of the reproductive potential of young and aged mice. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 31:323-31. [PMID: 24362910 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-0160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study examined the effect of aging on female reproductive potential. METHODS Six-week-old and 9-month-old CD1 mice were referred to as the 'young' and 'aged' groups, respectively. Oocytes were collected after superovulation, and their viability were compared using parthenogenetic activation. The aneuploidy of the oocytes (MII) was assessed using chromosome spread, and the whole ovarian follicle number was counted using an unbiased stereological method. Serum hormone levels were measured using the radio-immunity method, and the expression of the Cohesin subunit genes in the oocytes (GV) were assessed using RT-PCR. RESULTS The mean number of recovered (25.8 vs. 16.2; P < 0.05) and live oocytes (24.0 vs. 11.73; P <0.01) per head in the young-mice group (6-week-old) was significantly higher than that of the aged group (9-month-old). The aneuploidy rate of the ovulated oocytes in the aged group was significantly higher than that of the young group (36.8% vs. 10%; P < 0.01), and the rate of blastocyst formation in the young group (85.23%) was significantly higher than that of the aged group (81.2%; P <0.05). The number of primordial follicles (the oocyte pool) per ovary in the aged group was significantly decreased compared with the young group (330 ± 33.51 vs. 2079.6 ± 420.70; P < 0.01), and the level of AMH in the aged group was significantly higher than that of the young group (4.66 ± 0.11 ng/ml vs. 4.07 ± 0.18 ng/ml; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We propose that maternal aging significantly reduces the oocyte pool, superovulation efficiency and developmental potential and increases the oocyte aneuploidy rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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82
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Seitan VC, Faure AJ, Zhan Y, McCord RP, Lajoie BR, Ing-Simmons E, Lenhard B, Giorgetti L, Heard E, Fisher AG, Flicek P, Dekker J, Merkenschlager M. Cohesin-based chromatin interactions enable regulated gene expression within preexisting architectural compartments. Genome Res 2013; 23:2066-77. [PMID: 24002784 PMCID: PMC3847776 DOI: 10.1101/gr.161620.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome conformation capture approaches have shown that interphase chromatin is partitioned into spatially segregated Mb-sized compartments and sub-Mb-sized topological domains. This compartmentalization is thought to facilitate the matching of genes and regulatory elements, but its precise function and mechanistic basis remain unknown. Cohesin controls chromosome topology to enable DNA repair and chromosome segregation in cycling cells. In addition, cohesin associates with active enhancers and promoters and with CTCF to form long-range interactions important for gene regulation. Although these findings suggest an important role for cohesin in genome organization, this role has not been assessed on a global scale. Unexpectedly, we find that architectural compartments are maintained in noncycling mouse thymocytes after genetic depletion of cohesin in vivo. Cohesin was, however, required for specific long-range interactions within compartments where cohesin-regulated genes reside. Cohesin depletion diminished interactions between cohesin-bound sites, whereas alternative interactions between chromatin features associated with transcriptional activation and repression became more prominent, with corresponding changes in gene expression. Our findings indicate that cohesin-mediated long-range interactions facilitate discrete gene expression states within preexisting chromosomal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad C. Seitan
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Andre J. Faure
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Ye Zhan
- Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Rachel Patton McCord
- Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Bryan R. Lajoie
- Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ing-Simmons
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Computational Regulatory Genomics Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Lenhard
- Computational Regulatory Genomics Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Amanda G. Fisher
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Job Dekker
- Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Matthias Merkenschlager
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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83
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Abstract
Mammalian oocytes are particularly error prone in segregating their chromosomes during their two meiotic divisions. This results in the creation of an embryo that has inherited the wrong number of chromosomes: it is aneuploid. The incidence of aneuploidy rises significantly with maternal age and so there is much interest in understanding this association and the underlying causes of aneuploidy. The spindle assembly checkpoint, a surveillance mechanism that operates in all cells to prevent chromosome mis-segregation, and the cohesive ties that hold those chromosomes together, have thus both been the subject of intensive investigation in oocytes. It is possible that a lowered sensitivity of the spindle assembly checkpoint to certain types of chromosome attachment error may endow oocytes with an innate susceptibility to aneuploidy, which is made worse by an age-related loss in the factors that hold the chromosomes together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith T Jones
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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84
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Rowsey R, Kashevarova A, Murdoch B, Dickenson C, Woodruff T, Cheng E, Hunt P, Hassold T. Germline mosaicism does not explain the maternal age effect on trisomy. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2495-503. [PMID: 23950106 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A variety of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the association between trisomy and increasing maternal age in humans, virtually all of which assume that the underlying mechanisms involve meiotic errors. However, recently Hultén and colleagues [Hulten et al., 2010b] proposed a provocative model-the Oocyte Mosaicism Selection Model (OMSM)-that links age-dependent trisomy 21 to pre-meiotic errors in the ovary. Specifically, they propose that nondisjunctional events occur in a proportion of germ cells as they mitotically proliferate, resulting in mosaicism for trisomy 21. Assuming that the presence of an additional chromosome 21 delays meiotic progression, these cells would be ovulated later in reproductive life, resulting in an age-dependent increase in aneuploid eggs. Because this model has important clinical implications, we initiated studies to test it. We first analyzed oocytes from two trisomy 21 fetuses, combining immunostaining with FISH to determine the likelihood of detecting the additional chromosome 21 at different stages of meiosis. The detection of trisomy was enhanced during the earliest stage of prophase (leptotene), before homologs synapsed. Accordingly, in subsequent studies we examined the chromosome content of leptotene oocytes in seven second trimester female fetuses, analyzing three chromosomes commonly associated with human trisomies (i.e., 13, 16, and 21). In contrast to the prediction of the OMSM, we found no evidence of trisomy mosaicism for any chromosome. We conclude that errors in pre-meiotic germ cells are not a major contributor to human aneuploidy and do not provide an explanation for the age-related increase in trisomic conceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Rowsey
- Washington State University School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Pullman, Washington
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85
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Liang L, Wang CT, Sun X, Liu L, Li M, Witz C, Williams D, Griffith J, Skorupski J, Haddad G, Gill J, Wang WH. Identification of chromosomal errors in human preimplantation embryos with oligonucleotide DNA microarray. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61838. [PMID: 23613950 PMCID: PMC3628862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study comparing the performance of different platforms for DNA microarray found that the oligonucleotide (oligo) microarray platform containing 385K isothermal probes had the best performance when evaluating dosage sensitivity, precision, specificity, sensitivity and copy number variations border definition. Although oligo microarray platform has been used in some research fields and clinics, it has not been used for aneuploidy screening in human embryos. The present study was designed to use this new microarray platform for preimplantation genetic screening in the human. A total of 383 blastocysts from 72 infertility patients with either advanced maternal age or with previous miscarriage were analyzed after biopsy and microarray. Euploid blastocysts were transferred to patients and clinical pregnancy and implantation rates were measured. Chromosomes in some aneuploid blastocysts were further analyzed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) to evaluate accuracy of the results. We found that most (58.1%) of the blastocysts had chromosomal abnormalities that included single or multiple gains and/or losses of chromosome(s), partial chromosome deletions and/or duplications in both euploid and aneuploid embryos. Transfer of normal euploid blastocysts in 34 cycles resulted in 58.8% clinical pregnancy and 54.4% implantation rates. Examination of abnormal blastocysts by FISH showed that all embryos had matching results comparing microarray and FISH analysis. The present study indicates that oligo microarray conducted with a higher resolution and a greater number of probes is able to detect not only aneuploidy, but also minor chromosomal abnormalities, such as partial chromosome deletion and/or duplication in human embryos. Preimplantation genetic screening of the aneuploidy by DNA microarray is an advanced technology used to select embryos for transfer and improved embryo implantation can be obtained after transfer of the screened normal embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Liang
- Houston Fertility Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Major Obstetrics Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Cassie T. Wang
- Houston Fertility Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Major Obstetrics Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Pacgenomics Inc., Village Medical Center, Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Man Li
- Pacgenomics Inc., Village Medical Center, Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Craig Witz
- Houston Fertility Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel Williams
- Houston Fertility Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jason Griffith
- Houston Fertility Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Josh Skorupski
- Houston Fertility Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ghassan Haddad
- Houston Fertility Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jimmy Gill
- Houston Fertility Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Houston Fertility Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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86
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Wassmann K. Sister chromatid segregation in meiosis II: deprotection through phosphorylation. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:1352-9. [PMID: 23574717 DOI: 10.4161/cc.24600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic divisions (meiosis I and II) are specialized cell divisions to generate haploid gametes. The first meiotic division with the separation of chromosomes is named reductional division. The second division, which takes place immediately after meiosis I without intervening S-phase, is equational, with the separation of sister chromatids, similar to mitosis. This meiotic segregation pattern requires the two-step removal of the cohesin complex holding sister chromatids together: cohesin is removed from chromosome arms that have been subjected to homologous recombination in meiosis I and from the centromere region in meiosis II. Cohesin in the centromere region is protected from removal in meiosis I, but this protection has to be removed--deprotected--for sister chromatid segregation in meiosis II. Whereas the mechanisms of cohesin protection are quite well understood, the mechanisms of deprotection have been largely unknown until recently. In this review I summarize our current knowledge on cohesin deprotection.
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87
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Merriman JA, Lane SIR, Holt JE, Jennings PC, García-Higuera I, Moreno S, McLaughlin EA, Jones KT. Reduced chromosome cohesion measured by interkinetochore distance is associated with aneuploidy even in oocytes from young mice. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:31. [PMID: 23255336 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.104786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming clear that reduced chromosome cohesion is an important factor in the rise of maternal age-related aneuploidy. This reduction in cohesion has been observed both in human and mouse oocytes, and it can be measured directly by an increase with respect to maternal age in interkinetochore (iKT) distance between a sister chromatid pair. We have observed variations in iKT distance even in oocytes from young mice and wondered if such differences may predispose those oocytes displaying the greatest iKT distances to be becoming aneuploid. Therefore, we used two methods, one pharmacological (Aurora kinase inhibitor) and one genetic (Fzr1 knockout), to raise aneuploidy rates in oocytes from young mice (age, 1-3 mo) and to examine if those oocytes that were aneuploid had greater iKT distances. We observed that for both Aurora kinase inhibition and Fzr1 knockout, iKT distances were significantly greater in those oocytes that became aneuploid compared to those that remained euploid. Based on these results, we propose that individual oocytes undergo loss in chromosomal cohesion at different rates and that the greater this loss, the greater the risk for becoming aneuploid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Merriman
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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88
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Remeseiro S, Losada A. Cohesin, a chromatin engagement ring. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2013; 25:63-71. [PMID: 23219370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cohesin is a four subunit complex, conserved from yeast to man, with the ability to hold together two DNA segments within its ring-shaped structure. When the two segments belong to sister chromatids, cohesin is mediating cohesion, which is essential for chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis and for homologous DNA repair. When the two DNA segments are in the same chromatid, a loop is formed. These chromatin loops are emerging as a mechanism for controlling the communication between enhancers and promoters and thereby regulate gene expression. They also facilitate DNA replication and recombination. Given all its essential functions, it is not surprising that mutations in cohesin and its interacting factors have been associated to cancer and developmental syndromes known as cohesinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Remeseiro
- Chromosome Dynamics Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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89
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Adhikari D. In vitro activation of dormant follicles for fertility preservation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 761:29-42. [PMID: 24097380 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8214-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in radiotherapy and chemotherapy have led to higher cure rates for female children and adolescents with cancer. However, these treatments adversely affect germ cell survival, and ovarian failure is thus a probable side effect of these anticancer therapies. Moreover, an increasing number of women are choosing to postpone childbearing until later in life, but their primordial follicle reserves degenerate with advancing age. Thus there is a pressing need for the development of fertility preservation methods for these individuals. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation prior to loss of the primordial follicle population either due to cancer treatments or normal aging is a promising option for safeguarding fertility. A complete in vitro maturation (IVM) system could help generate mature eggs for later use without the patient having to undergo the cumbersome process involved in current assisted reproduction methods to generate mature eggs. Cryopreserved ovarian cortical tissues have attracted the attention of reproductive biologists and clinicians because of the large number of safely frozen primordial follicles in them, and it is theoretically possible to use these follicles for in vitro activation (IVA) and subsequent IVM. Ovarian tissue collection is independent of patient age and social or personal conditions. Despite being widely accepted potential techniques for fertility preservation, IVA and IVM of human primordial follicles to obtain fertilizable eggs remains far from reality. This chapter highlights the current achievements and obstacles in obtaining growing follicles through activation of dormant follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-90187, Sweden,
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90
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Abstract
Sister chromatid cohesion depends on cohesin, a tripartite complex that forms ring structures to hold sister chromatids together in mitosis and meiosis. Meiocytes feature a multiplicity of distinct cohesin proteins and complexes, some meiosis specific, which serve additional functions such as supporting synapsis of two pairs of sister chromatids and determining the loop-axis architecture of prophase I chromosomes. Despite considerable new insights gained in the past few years into the localization and function of some cohesin proteins, and the recent identification of yet another meiosis-specific cohesin subunit, a plethora of open questions remains, which concern not only fundamental germ cell biology but also the consequences of cohesin impairment for human reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- François McNicoll
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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91
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Duncan FE, Hornick JE, Lampson MA, Schultz RM, Shea LD, Woodruff TK. Chromosome cohesion decreases in human eggs with advanced maternal age. Aging Cell 2012; 11:1121-4. [PMID: 22823533 PMCID: PMC3491123 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012.00866.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy in human eggs increases with maternal age and can result in infertility, miscarriages, and birth defects. The molecular mechanisms leading to aneuploidy, however, are largely unknown especially in the human where eggs are exceedingly rare and precious. We obtained human eggs from subjects ranging from 16.4 to 49.7 years old following in vitro maturation of oocyte-cumulus complexes isolated directly from surgically removed ovarian tissue. A subset of these eggs was used to investigate how age-associated aneuploidy occurs in the human. The inter-kinetochore distance between sister chromatids increased significantly with maternal age, indicating weakened cohesion. Moreover, we observed unpaired sister chromatids from females of advanced age. We conclude that loss of cohesion with increasing maternal age likely contributes to the well-documented increased incidence of aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca E. Duncan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Jessica E. Hornick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Michael A. Lampson
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Richard M. Schultz
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lonnie D. Shea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Institute of Bio-Nanotechnology in Medicine (IBNAM), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Teresa K. Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
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92
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Polakova S, Pozgajova M, Gregan J. New evidence that SAC can tolerate misaligned chromosomes in mouse oocytes. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3356-7. [PMID: 22918250 PMCID: PMC3466543 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Comment on: Sebestova J, et al. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3011-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Polakova
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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