51
|
Elbracht M, Binder G, Hiort O, Kiewert C, Kratz C, Eggermann T. Clinical spectrum and management of imprinting disorders. MED GENET-BERLIN 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2020-2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Imprinting disorders are exceptional within the group of monogenic syndromes. They are associated with molecular changes affecting imprinted regions and usually do not follow the rules of Mendelian inheritance. They account for a relevant proportion of congenital disorders, especially within the syndromal growth entities with endocrine, neurological, and skeletal characteristics. In patients with imprinting disorders and accelerated growth, significant tumor risks have to be considered. The number of known imprinting disorders increases with the identification of new regions in which parentally imprinted genes are located. Imprinting disorders are caused by genomic pathogenic variants affecting imprinted genes, as well as by aberrant imprinting marks (epimutations) in the patients themselves. Additionally, maternal effect mutations have recently been identified that trigger secondary epimutations in the offspring. These maternal effect mutations explain not only imprinting disorders in their children, but also recurrent reproductive failure in the families. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent findings in 13 well-known imprinting disorders relating to clinical diagnosis, management and counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty , RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelsstr. 30 , Aachen , Germany
| | - Gerhard Binder
- Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin , Universitätsklinikum Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Olaf Hiort
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes , University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Cordula Kiewert
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology , Children’s University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Christian Kratz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty , RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelsstr. 30 , Aachen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
A paternally inherited 1.4 kb deletion of the 11p15.5 imprinting center 2 is associated with a mild familial Silver-Russell syndrome phenotype. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 29:447-454. [PMID: 33177595 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-00753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a rare disorder characterized by heterogeneous clinical features, including growth retardation, typical facial dysmorphisms, and body asymmetry. Genetic alterations causative of SRS mostly affect imprinted genes located on chromosomes 7 or 11. Hypomethylation of the Imprinting Center 1 (IC1) of the chromosome 11p15.5 is the most common cause of SRS, while the Imprinting Center 2 (IC2) has been more rarely involved. Specifically, maternally inherited 11p15.5 deletions including the IC2 have been associated with the Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS), while paternal deletions with a variable spectrum of phenotypes. Here, we describe the case of a girl with a mild SRS phenotype associated with a paternally inherited 1.4 kb deletion of IC2. The father of the proband inherited the deletion from his mother and showed normal growth, while the paternal grandmother had the deletion on her paternal chromosome and exhibited short stature. Together with previous findings obtained in mouse and humans, our data support the notion that deletion of the paternal copy of IC2 can cause SRS.
Collapse
|
53
|
Hara-Isono K, Matsubara K, Fuke T, Yamazawa K, Satou K, Murakami N, Saitoh S, Nakabayashi K, Hata K, Ogata T, Fukami M, Kagami M. Genome-wide methylation analysis in Silver-Russell syndrome, Temple syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:159. [PMID: 33092629 PMCID: PMC7583213 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Imprinting disorders (IDs) show overlapping phenotypes, particularly in Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS), Temple syndrome (TS14), and Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). These three IDs include fetal and postnatal growth failure, feeding difficulty, and muscular hypotonia as major clinical features. However, the mechanism that causes overlapping phenotypes has not been clarified. To investigate the presence or absence of methylation signatures associated with overlapping phenotypes, we performed genome-wide methylation analysis (GWMA). Results GWMA was carried out on 36 patients with three IDs (SRS [n = 16], TS14 [n = 7], PWS [n = 13]) and 11 child controls using HumanMethylation450 BeadChip including 475,000 CpG sites across the human genome. To reveal an aberrantly methylated region shared by SRS, TS14, and PWS groups, we compared genome-wide methylation data of the three groups with those of control subjects. All the identified regions were known as SRS-, TS14-, and PWS-related imprinting-associated differentially methylated regions (iDMRs), and there was no hypermethylated or hypomethylated region shared by different ID groups. To examine the methylation pattern shared by SRS, TS14, and PWS groups, we performed clustering analysis based on GWMA data. The result focusing on 620 probes at the 62 known iDMRs (except for SRS-, TS14-, and PWS-related iDMRs) classified patients into two categories: (1) category A, grossly normal methylation patterns mainly consisting of SRS group patients; and (2) category B, broad and mild hypermethylation patterns mainly consisting of TS14 and PWS group patients. However, we found no obvious relationship between these methylation patterns and phenotypes of patients. Conclusions GWMA in three IDs found no methylation signatures shared by SRS, TS14, and PWS groups. Although clustering analysis showed similar mild hypermethylation patterns in TS14 and PWS groups, further study is needed to clarify the effect of methylation patterns on the overlapping phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Hara-Isono
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fuke
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamazawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Medical Genetics Center, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Satou
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Murakami
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 2-1-50 Minami Koshigaya, Koshigaya, 343-8555, Japan
| | - Shinji Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Montenegro L, Labarta JI, Piovesan M, Canton APM, Corripio R, Soriano-Guillén L, Travieso-Suárez L, Martín-Rivada Á, Barrios V, Seraphim CE, Brito VN, Latronico AC, Argente J. Novel Genetic and Biochemical Findings of DLK1 in Children with Central Precocious Puberty: A Brazilian-Spanish Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5872717. [PMID: 32676665 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central precocious puberty (CPP) has been associated with loss-of-function mutations in 2 paternally expressed genes (MKRN3 and DLK1). Rare defects in the DLk1 were also associated with poor metabolic phenotype at adulthood. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate genetic and biochemical aspects of DLK1 in a Spanish cohort of children with CPP without MKRN3 mutations. PATIENTS A large cohort of children with idiopathic CPP (Spanish PUBERE Registry) was studied. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid was obtained from 444 individuals (168 index cases) with CPP and their close relatives. Automatic sequencing of MKRN3 and DLK1 genes were performed. RESULTS Five rare heterozygous mutations of MKRN3 were initially excluded in girls with familial CPP. A rare allelic deletion (c.401_404 + 8del) in the splice site junction of DLK1 was identified in a Spanish girl with sporadic CPP. Pubertal signs started at 5.7 years. Her metabolic profile was normal. Familial segregation analysis showed that the DLK1 deletion was de novo in the affected child. Serum DLK1 levels were undetectable (<0.4 ng/mL), indicating that the deletion led to complete lack of DLK1 production. Three others rare allelic variants of DLK1 were also identified (p.Asn134=; g.-222 C>A and g.-223 G>A) in 2 girls with CPP. However, both had normal DLK1 serum levels. CONCLUSION Loss-of-function mutations of DLK1 represent a rare cause of CPP, reinforcing a significant role of this factor in human pubertal timing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Montenegro
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José I Labarta
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maira Piovesan
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P M Canton
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Corripio
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Corporació Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Leandro Soriano-Guillén
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research - Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Travieso-Suárez
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Departments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IMDEA Food Institute. Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Martín-Rivada
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Departments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IMDEA Food Institute. Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Departments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IMDEA Food Institute. Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos E Seraphim
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius N Brito
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Latronico
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Departments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IMDEA Food Institute. Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Brück J, Begemann M, Dey D, Elbracht M, Eggermann T. Molecular characterization of temple syndrome families with 14q32 epimutations. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:104077. [PMID: 33010492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Temple Syndrome (TS14) is an imprinting disorder caused by molecular disruptions of the imprinted region in 14q32 (MEG3:TSS-DMR). The frequency of the three known TS14 subtypes (deletions, maternal uniparental disomy (upd(14)mat), loss of methylation (LOM)) is currently in discussion, and within the LOM group, the occurrence of Multilocus Imprinting Disturbances (MLID) has been identified. We present 16 TS14 patients with molecular alterations affecting the MEG3:TSS-DMR, comprising seven patients (43.8%) with LOM, six carriers with upd(14)mat (37.5%), and three cases (18.8%) with a deletion affecting the paternal MEG3:TSS-DMR. We did not find any evidence for MLID in the LOM group, including two cases in which different tissues were available. Whole exome sequencing (WES) in the MEG3:TSS-DMR LOM patients and their parents (Trio WES) did not reveal an obvious pathogenic variant which might cause aberrant methylation at imprinted loci. By summarizing our data with those from the literature, we could show that MLID affecting clinically relevant imprinted loci is rare in TS14 and therefore differs markedly from other imprinting disorders associated with MLID, e.g. Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). However, consistent with the clinical overlap with TS14, in SRS patients carrying MLID the MEG3:TSS-DMR is frequently affected. Variants in the known candidate genes for maternal effect variants causing MLID and fetal MLID determinants could not be identified in TS14 patients. Thus, 14q32 epimutations probably have other molecular causes than epimutations in BWS or SRS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Brück
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela Dey
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Yoshida T, Miyado M, Mikami M, Suzuki E, Kinjo K, Matsubara K, Ogata T, Akutsu H, Kagami M, Fukami M. Aneuploid rescue precedes X-chromosome inactivation and increases the incidence of its skewness by reducing the size of the embryonic progenitor cell pool. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:1762-1769. [PMID: 31398259 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do monosomy rescue (MR) and trisomy rescue (TR) in preimplantation human embryos affect other developmental processes, such as X-chromosome inactivation (XCI)? SUMMARY ANSWER Aneuploid rescue precedes XCI and increases the incidence of XCI skewness by reducing the size of the embryonic progenitor cell pools. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY More than half of preimplantation human embryos harbor aneuploid cells, some of which can be spontaneously corrected through MR or TR. XCI in females is an indispensable process, which is predicted to start at the early-blastocyst phase. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We examined the frequency of XCI skewness in young females who carried full uniparental disomy (UPD) resulting from MR or TR/gamete complementation (GC). The results were statistically analyzed using a theoretical model in which XCI involves various numbers of embryonic progenitor cells. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We studied 39 children and young adults ascertained by imprinting disorders. XCI ratios were determined by DNA methylation analysis of a polymorphic locus in the androgen receptor gene. We used Bayesian approach to assess the probability of the occurrence of extreme XCI skewness in the MR and TR/GC groups using a theoretical model of 1-12 cell pools. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 12 of 39 individuals (31%) showed skewed XCI. Extreme skewness was observed in 3 of 15 MR cases (20%) and 1 of 24 TR/GC cases (4.2%). Statistical analysis indicated that XCI in the MR group was likely to have occurred when the blastocyst contained three or four euploid embryonic progenitor cells. The estimated size of the embryonic progenitor cell pools was approximately one-third or one-fourth of the predicted size of normal embryos. The TR/GC group likely had a larger pool size at the onset of XCI, although the results remained inconclusive. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This is an observational study and needs to be validated by experimental analyses. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study provides evidence that the onset of XCI is determined by an intrinsic clock, irrespectively of the number of embryonic progenitor cells. Our findings can also be applied to individuals without UPD or imprinting disorders. This study provides a clue to understand chromosomal and cellular dynamics in the first few days of human development, their effects on XCI skewing and the possible implications for the expression of X-linked diseases in females. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the Grants-in-aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (17H06428) and for Scientific Research (B) (17H03616) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), and grants from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) (18ek0109266h0002 and 18ek0109278h0002), National Center for Child Health and Development and Takeda Science Foundation. The authors declare no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Pediatric Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Miyado
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Mikami
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Data Management, Center for Clinical Research, National Center for Child Health and Development, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kinjo
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 431-3125 Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - H Akutsu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Kitazawa M, Hayashi S, Imamura M, Takeda S, Oishi Y, Kaneko-Ishino T, Ishino F. Deficiency and overexpression of Rtl1 in the mouse cause distinct muscle abnormalities related to Temple and Kagami-Ogata syndromes. Development 2020; 147:147/21/dev185918. [PMID: 32878913 PMCID: PMC7490516 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Temple and Kagami-Ogata syndromes are genomic imprinting diseases caused by maternal and paternal duplication of human chromosome 14, respectively. They exhibit different postnatal muscle-related symptoms as well as prenatal placental problems. Using the mouse models for these syndromes, it has been demonstrated that retrotransposon gag like 1 [Rtl1, also known as paternally expressed 11 (Peg11)] located in the mouse orthologous imprinted region is responsible for the prenatal placental problems because it is an essential placental gene for maintenance of fetal capillary network during gestation. However, the causative imprinted gene for the postnatal muscle-related symptoms remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Rtl1 also plays an important role in fetal/neonatal skeletal muscle development: its deletion and overproduction in mice lead to neonatal lethality associated with severe but distinct skeletal muscle defects, similar to those of Temple and Kagami-Ogata syndromes, respectively. Thus, it is strongly suggested that RTL1 is the major gene responsible for the muscle defects in addition to the placental defects in these two genomic imprinting diseases. This is the first example of an LTR retrotransposon-derived gene specific to eutherians contributing to eutherian skeletal muscle development. Summary: Rtl1 plays an important role in fetal and neonatal skeletal muscle development. Abnormal expression of human RTL1 is the major cause of the muscle symptoms observed in Temple and Kagami-Ogata syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moe Kitazawa
- Department of Epigenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Hayashi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Michihiro Imamura
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Yumiko Oishi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kaneko-Ishino
- Faculty of Nursing, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Ishino
- Department of Epigenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Kawashima S, Yagi H, Hirano Y, Toki M, Izumi K, Dateki S, Namba N, Kamimaki T, Muroya K, Tanaka T, Fukami M, Kagami M. Screening for imprinting disorders in 58 patients with clinically diagnosed idiopathic short stature. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:1335-1339. [PMID: 32866124 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Imprinted genes have important roles for normal growth and development. Imprinting disorders (IDs) such as Silver-Russell syndrome and Temple syndrome are rare diseases that typically cause short children born small for gestational age (SGA). However, some patients with short stature (SS) caused by IDs were born non-SGA. To date, the contribution of IDs to idiopathic short stature (ISS) has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to clarify the contribution of IDs to ISS. Methods We conducted methylation analysis for 10 differentially methylated regions using pyrosequencing to detect known IDs in 58 patients (31 male and 27 female children, height standard deviation score -4.2 to -2.0) carrying a clinical diagnosis of ISS. Results We identified no patient with IDs among these patients with ISS. Conclusions These results indicate that IDs are rare in patients having ISS, and that imprinted genes affect fetal growth more than postnatal growth. Because patients with IDs born non-SGA usually have clinical features characteristic of each ID, in addition to SS, the patients with ISS as a clinical diagnosis may not be associated with IDs. It is unlikely that cases clinically diagnosed with ISS are caused by IDs leading to growth failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Kawashima
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yagi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hirano
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiratsuka City Hospital, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Machiko Toki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiratsuka City Hospital, Hiratsuka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Izumi
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Japan
| | - Sumito Dateki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Namba
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Hospital, Japan Community Healthcare Organization, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Pediatrics and Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kamimaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Muroya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Need for a precise molecular diagnosis in Beckwith-Wiedemann and Silver-Russell syndrome: what has to be considered and why it is important. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1447-1455. [PMID: 32839827 PMCID: PMC7524824 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Molecular diagnostic testing of the 11p15.5-associated imprinting disorders Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (SRS, BWS) is challenging due to the broad spectrum of molecular defects and their mosaic occurrence. Additionally, the decision on the molecular testing algorithm is hindered by their clinical heterogeneity. However, the precise identification of the type of defect is often a prerequisite for the clinical management and genetic counselling. Four major molecular alterations (epimutations, uniparental disomies, copy number variants, single nucleotide variants) have been identified, but their frequencies vary between SRS and BWS. Due to their molecular aetiology, epimutations in both disorders as well as upd(11)pat in BWS are particular prone to mosaicism which might additionally complicate the interpretation of testing results. We report on our experience of molecular analysis in a total cohort of 1448 patients referred for diagnostic testing of BWS and SRS, comprising a dataset from 737 new patients and from 711 cases from a recent study. Though the majority of positively tested patients showed the expected molecular results, we identified a considerable number of clinically unexpected molecular alterations as well as not yet reported changes and discrepant mosaic distributions. Additionally, the rate of multilocus imprinting disturbances among the patients with epimutations and uniparental diploidies could be further specified. Altogether, these cases show that comprehensive testing strategies have to be applied in diagnostic testing of SRS and BWS. The precise molecular diagnosis is required as the basis for a targeted management (e.g. ECG (electrocardiogram) and tumour surveillance in BWS, growth treatment in SRS). The molecular diagnosis furthermore provides the basis for genetic counselling. However, it has to be considered that recurrence risk calculation is determined by the phenotypic consequences of each molecular alteration and mechanism by which the alteration arose. Key messages The detection rates for the typical molecular defects of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome or Silver-Russell syndrome (BWS, SRS) are lower in routine cohorts than in clinically well-characterised ones. A broad spectrum of (unexpected) molecular alterations in both disorders can be identified. Multilocus imprinting disturbances (MLID) are less frequent in SRS than expected. The frequency of MLID and uniparental diploidy in BWS is confirmed. Mosaicism is a diagnostic challenge in BWS and SRS. The precise determination of the molecular defects affecting is the basis for a targeted clinical management and genetic counselling.
Collapse
|
60
|
Hara-Isono K, Matsubara K, Mikami M, Arima T, Ogata T, Fukami M, Kagami M. Assisted reproductive technology represents a possible risk factor for development of epimutation-mediated imprinting disorders for mothers aged ≥ 30 years. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:111. [PMID: 32698867 PMCID: PMC7374921 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds The proportion of assisted reproductive technology (ART)-conceived livebirths of patients with imprinting disorders (IDs) is higher than that of the general population. Whether this is due to ART or confounding effects of advanced parental age was not investigated. We examined the association of ART and parental ages at childbirth for the development of eight epimutation-mediated imprinting disorders (epi-IDs). Results We enrolled 136 patients with epi-IDs and obtained general population ART data from the Japanese robust nationwide registry. We compared the proportion of ART-conceived livebirths and maternal childbearing ages between patients with epi-IDs and the general population. The proportion of ART-conceived livebirths in patients with epi-IDs was higher than that in mothers aged ≥ 30 years, the age group in which more than 90% of ART procedures performed. The maternal childbearing ages of patients with epi-IDs were widely distributed from 19 to 45 (median: 32) within the approximate 2.5th to 97.5th percentiles of maternal childbearing ages of the general population. In addition, we compared the proportion of ART-conceived livebirths and parental ages at childbirth across patients with eight epi-IDs. We demonstrated that more than 90% of ART-conceived patients with epi-IDs were found in Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) patients, and parental ages were almost consistent in patients with eight epi-IDs, except Prader-Willi syndrome. Conclusions According to the prerequisite that most of the ART procedures in Japan are performed on mothers aged ≥ 30 years, ART can be a risk factor for the development of epi-IDs, particularly SRS and BWS, for mothers aged ≥ 30 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Hara-Isono
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Masashi Mikami
- Division of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Lee HS, Kim KH, Hwang JS. Association study of DLK1 in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:/j/jpem.ahead-of-print/jpem-2020-0014/jpem-2020-0014.xml. [PMID: 32623379 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Mutations in the delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) gene have recently been reported in patients with idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP). We aimed to investigate DLK1 mutations or polymorphisms in girls with CPP. Methods A total of 100 girls diagnosed with idiopathic CPP were enrolled. DLK1 coding regions were sequenced in girls with idiopathic CPP and healthy girls (controls). The relationship between identified sequence variations and CPP was evaluated via comparison of allele frequencies between patients with CPP and normal healthy controls. Results We identified five polymorphisms in DLK1. There was no significant difference with regard to allele frequency between patients with CPP and controls. Polymorphism c.549C>T (p.G183G) in DLK1 gene was identified in only one patient with CPP. In silico analysis with human splicing finder suggested that the variant (c.549C>T) leads to splicing defect. Conclusions The sequencing of DLK1 gene has uncovered only one potentially meaningful variant. However, our results demonstrate that DLK1 mutations are a relatively rare cause of idiopathic CPP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae Sang Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin Soon Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, San 5, Wonchon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Korea, 443-721
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Inoue T, Nakamura A, Iwahashi-Odano M, Tanase-Nakao K, Matsubara K, Nishioka J, Maruo Y, Hasegawa Y, Suzumura H, Sato S, Kobayashi Y, Murakami N, Nakabayashi K, Yamazawa K, Fuke T, Narumi S, Oka A, Ogata T, Fukami M, Kagami M. Contribution of gene mutations to Silver-Russell syndrome phenotype: multigene sequencing analysis in 92 etiology-unknown patients. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:86. [PMID: 32546215 PMCID: PMC7298762 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is characterized by growth failure and dysmorphic features. Major (epi)genetic causes of SRS are loss of methylation on chromosome 11p15 (11p15 LOM) and maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (upd(7)mat). However, IGF2, CDKN1C, HMGA2, and PLAG1 mutations infrequently cause SRS. In addition, other imprinting disturbances, pathogenic copy number variations (PCNVs), and monogenic disorders sometimes lead to SRS phenotype. This study aimed to clarify the frequency and clinical features of the patients with gene mutations among etiology-unknown patients with SRS phenotype. RESULTS Multigene sequencing was performed in 92 out of 336 patients referred to us for genetic testing for SRS. The clinical features of the patients were evaluated based on the Netchine-Harbison clinical scoring system. None of the patients showed 11p15 LOM, upd(7)mat, abnormal methylation levels for six differentially methylated regions (DMRs), namely, PLAGL1:alt-TSS-DMR on chromosome 6, KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR on chromosome 11, MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR on chromosome 14, MEG3:TSS-DMR on chromosome 14, SNURF:TSS-DMR on chromosome 15, and GNAS A/B:TSS-DMR on chromosome 20, PCNVs, or maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 16. Using next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing, we screened four SRS-causative genes and 406 genes related to growth failure and/or skeletal dysplasia. We identified four pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in responsible genes for SRS (4.3%: IGF2 in two patients, CDKN1C, and PLAG1), and five pathogenic variants in causative genes for known genetic syndromes presenting with growth failure (5.4%: IGF1R abnormality (IGF1R), SHORT syndrome (PIK3R1), Floating-Harbor syndrome (SRCAP), Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (TCF4), and Noonan syndrome (PTPN11)). Functional analysis indicated the pathogenicity of the CDKN1C variant. The variants we detected in CDKN1C and PLAG1 were the second and third variants leading to SRS, respectively. Our patients with CDKN1C and PLAG1 variants showed similar phenotypes to previously reported patients. Furthermore, our data confirmed IGF1R abnormality, SHORT syndrome, and Floating-Harbor syndrome are differential diagnoses of SRS because of the shared phenotypes among these syndromes and SRS. On the other hand, the patients with pathogenic variants in causative genes for Pitt-Hopkins syndrome and Noonan syndrome were atypical of these syndromes and showed partial clinical features of SRS. CONCLUSIONS We identified nine patients (9.8%) with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants out of 92 etiology-unknown patients with SRS phenotype. This study expands the molecular spectrum of SRS phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Inoue
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita15, Nishi7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8648 Japan
| | - Megumi Iwahashi-Odano
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Kanako Tanase-Nakao
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Junko Nishioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-Machi, Kurume, 830-0011 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Maruo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, 520-2192 Japan
| | - Yukihiro Hasegawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8561 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, 321-0293 Japan
| | - Seiji Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama City Hospital, 2460, Mimuro, Midori-ku, Saitama, 336-8522 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Murakami
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 2-1-50, Minamikoshigaya, Koshigaya, 343-8555 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamazawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
- Medical Genetics Center, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8902 Japan
| | - Tomoko Fuke
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Akira Oka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192 Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Altmann J, Horn D, Korinth D, Eggermann T, Henrich W, Verlohren S. Kagami-Ogata syndrome: an important differential diagnosis to Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2020; 48:240-243. [PMID: 31994200 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the case of a fetus with sonographic characteristics of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). A 30-year-old gravida 2 para 1 was referred to our fetal medicine unit with an omphalocele. Fetal macrosomia, organomegaly, and polyhydramnios but no macroglossia were detected and BWS was suspected. Genetic testing for BWS did not confirm the suspected diagnosis as the karyotype was normal. Symptomatic polyhydramnios led to repeated amnioreductions. At 35 + 5 weeks of gestation, a female neonate of 3660 g was delivered with APGAR scores of 6/7/8, after 1/5/10 min, respectively. The abnormal shape of the thorax, facial dysmorphism, need for ventilation, and generalized muscular hypotonia led to the suspicion of Kagami-Ogata syndrome (KOS), which was confirmed by genetic testing. KOS in our patient was caused by a large deletion in the MEG3-region on chromosome 14q32 affecting the maternal allele. In this report, we highlight the notion that when sonographic signs suggestive of BWS such as macrosomia, polyhydramnios, and omphalocele are present and genetic testing does not confirm the suspected diagnosis, KOS should be tested for.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Altmann
- Klinik für Geburtsmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denise Horn
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Henrich
- Klinik für Geburtsmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Verlohren
- Klinik für Geburtsmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Mohamed AM, Eid MM, Eid OM, Hussein SH, Mossaad AM, Abdelfattah U, Sharafuddin MA, El Halafawy YM, Elbanoby TM, Abdel-Salam GMH. Two Abnormal Cell Lines of Trisomy 14 and t(X;14) with Skewed X-Inactivation. Cytogenet Genome Res 2020; 160:124-133. [PMID: 32187602 DOI: 10.1159/000506430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 14 is incompatible with live, but there are several patients reported with mosaic trisomy 14. We aimed to study the pattern of X inactivation and its effect on a translocated autosome and to find out an explanation of the involvement of chromosome 14 in 2 different structural chromosomal abnormalities. We report on a girl with frontal bossing, hypertelorism, low-set ears, micrognathia, cleft palate, congenital heart disease, and abnormal skin pigmentations. The patient displayed iris, choroidal, and retinal coloboma and agenesis of the corpus callosum and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a karyotype 45,X,der(X)t(X;14)(q24;q11)[85]/46,XX,rob(14;14)(q10;q10),+14[35]. Array-CGH for blood and buccal mucosa showed high mosaic trisomy 14 and an Xq deletion. MLPA detected trisomy 14 in blood and buccal mucosa and also showed normal methylation of the imprinting center. FISH analysis confirmed the cell line with trisomy 14 (30%) and demonstrated the mosaic deletion of the Xq subtelomere in both tissues. There was 100% skewed X inactivation for the t(X;14). SNP analysis of the patient showed no region of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 14. Also, genotype call analysis of the patient and her parents showed heterozygous alleles of chromosome 14 with no evidence of uniparental disomy. Our patient had a severe form of mosaic trisomy 14. We suggest that this cytogenetic unique finding that involved 2 cell lines with structural abnormalities of chromosome 14 occurred in an early postzygotic division. These 2 events may have happened separately or maybe there is a kind of trisomy or monosomy rescue due to dynamic cytogenetic interaction between different cell lines to compensate for gene dosage.
Collapse
|
65
|
Loss of TSC complex enhances gluconeogenesis via upregulation of Dlk1-Dio3 locus miRNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:1524-1532. [PMID: 31919282 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918931117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of the tumor suppressor tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (Tsc1) in the liver promotes gluconeogenesis and glucose intolerance. We asked whether this could be attributed to aberrant expression of small RNAs. We performed small-RNA sequencing on liver of Tsc1-knockout mice, and found that miRNAs of the delta-like homolog 1 (Dlk1)-deiodinase iodothyronine type III (Dio3) locus are up-regulated in an mTORC1-dependent manner. Sustained mTORC1 signaling during development prevented CpG methylation and silencing of the Dlk1-Dio3 locus, thereby increasing miRNA transcription. Deletion of miRNAs encoded by the Dlk1-Dio3 locus reduced gluconeogenesis, glucose intolerance, and fasting blood glucose levels. Thus, miRNAs contribute to the metabolic effects observed upon loss of TSC1 and hyperactivation of mTORC1 in the liver. Furthermore, we show that miRNA is a downstream effector of hyperactive mTORC1 signaling.
Collapse
|
66
|
Watanabe H, Higashimoto K, Miyake N, Morita S, Horii T, Kimura M, Suzuki T, Maeda T, Hidaka H, Aoki S, Yatsuki H, Okamoto N, Uemura T, Hatada I, Matsumoto N, Soejima H. DNA methylation analysis of multiple imprinted DMRs in Sotos syndrome reveals IGF2-DMR0 as a DNA methylation-dependent, P0 promoter-specific enhancer. FASEB J 2019; 34:960-973. [PMID: 31914674 PMCID: PMC6973060 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901757r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of NSD1, which dimethylates histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36), causes Sotos syndrome (SoS), an overgrowth syndrome. DNMT3A and DNMT3B recognizes H3K36 trimethylation (H3K36me3) through PWWP domain to exert de novo DNA methyltransferase activity and establish imprinted differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Since decrease of H3K36me3 and genome‐wide DNA hypomethylation in SoS were observed, hypomethylation of imprinted DMRs in SoS was suggested. We explored DNA methylation status of 28 imprinted DMRs in 31 SoS patients with NSD1 defect and found that hypomethylation of IGF2‐DMR0 and IG‐DMR in a substantial proportion of SoS patients. Luciferase assay revealed that IGF2‐DMR0 enhanced transcription from the IGF2 P0 promoter but not the P3 and P4 promoters. Chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative PCR (ChIP‐qPCR) revealed active enhancer histone modifications at IGF2‐DMR0, with high enrichment of H3K4me1 and H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac). CRISPR‐Cas9 epigenome editing revealed that specifically induced hypomethylation at IGF2‐DMR0 increased transcription from the P0 promoter but not the P3 and P4 promoters. NSD1 knockdown suggested that NSD1 targeted IGF2‐DMR0; however, IGF2‐DMR0 DNA methylation and IGF2 expression were unaltered. This study could elucidate the function of IGF2‐DMR0 as a DNA methylation dependent, P0 promoter‐specific enhancer. NSD1 may play a role in the establishment or maintenance of IGF2‐DMR0 methylation during the postimplantation period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Watanabe
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Ken Higashimoto
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mika Kimura
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Maeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hidenori Hidaka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Saori Aoki
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hitomi Yatsuki
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Uemura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Soejima
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Crippa M, Bonati MT, Calzari L, Picinelli C, Gervasini C, Sironi A, Bestetti I, Guzzetti S, Bellone S, Selicorni A, Mussa A, Riccio A, Ferrero GB, Russo S, Larizza L, Finelli P. Molecular Etiology Disclosed by Array CGH in Patients With Silver-Russell Syndrome or Similar Phenotypes. Front Genet 2019; 10:955. [PMID: 31749829 PMCID: PMC6843062 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS) is an imprinting disorder primarily caused by genetic and epigenetic aberrations on chromosomes 11 and 7. SRS is a rare growth retardation disorder often misdiagnosed due to its heterogeneous and non-specific clinical features. The Netchine–Harbison clinical scoring system (NH-CSS) is the recommended tool for differentiating patients into clinical SRS or unlikely SRS. However, the clinical diagnosis is molecularly confirmed only in about 60% of patients, leaving the remaining substantial proportion of SRS patients with unknown genetic etiology. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 34 Italian patients with SRS or SRS-like features scored according to the NH-CSS and without any SRS-associated (epi)genetic alterations was analyzed by high-resolution array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in order to identify potentially pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs). Results and Discussion: In seven patients, making up 21% of the initial cohort, five pathogenic and two potentially pathogenic CNVs were found involving distinct genomic regions either previously associated with growth delay conditions (1q24.3-q25.3, 17p13.3, 17q22, and 22q11.2-q11.22) and with SRS spectrum (7p12.1 and 7p15.3-p14.3) or outlined for the first time (19q13.42), providing a better definition of reported and as yet unreported SRS overlapping syndromes. All the variants involve genes with a defined role in growth pathways, and for two genes mapping at 7p, IGF2BP3 and GRB10, the association with SRS turns out to be reinforced. The deleterious effect of the two potentially pathogenic variants, comprising GRB10 and ZNF331 genes, was explored by targeted approaches, though further studies are needed to validate their pathogenic role in the SRS etiology. In conclusion, we reconfirm the utility of performing a genome-wide scan to achieve a differential diagnosis in patients with SRS or similar features and to highlight novel chromosome alterations associated with SRS and growth retardation disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Crippa
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bonati
- Clinic of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Calzari
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Picinelli
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sironi
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bestetti
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Guzzetti
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bellone
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Mussa
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Russo
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Palma Finelli
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Wesseler K, Kraft F, Eggermann T. Molecular and Clinical Opposite Findings in 11p15.5 Associated Imprinting Disorders: Characterization of Basic Mechanisms to Improve Clinical Management. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174219. [PMID: 31466347 PMCID: PMC6747273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes (SRS, BWS) are rare congenital human disorders characterized by opposite growth disturbances. With the increasing knowledge on the molecular basis of SRS and BWS, it has become obvious that the disorders mirror opposite alterations at the same genomic loci in 11p15.5. In fact, these changes directly or indirectly affect the expression of IGF2 and CDKN1C and their associated pathways, and thereby, cause growth disturbances as key features of both diseases. The increase of knowledge has become possible with the development and implementation of new and comprehensive assays. Whereas, in the beginning molecular testing was restricted to single chromosomal loci, many tests now address numerous loci in the same run, and the diagnostic implementation of (epi)genome wide assays is only a question of time. These high-throughput approaches will be complemented by the analysis of other omic datasets (e.g., transcriptome, metabolome, proteome), and it can be expected that the integration of these data will massively improve the understanding of the pathobiology of imprinting disorders and their diagnostics. Especially long-read sequencing methods, e.g., nanopore sequencing, allowing direct detection of native DNA modification, will strongly contribute to a better understanding of genomic imprinting in the near future. Thereby, new genomic loci and types of pathogenic variants will be identified, resulting in more precise discrimination into different molecular subgroups. These subgroups serve as the basis for (epi)genotype-phenotype correlations, allowing a more directed prognosis, counseling, and therapy. By deciphering the pathophysiological consequences of SRS and BWS and their molecular disturbances, future therapies will be available targeting the basic cause of the disease and respective pathomechanisms and will complement conventional therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wesseler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (RWTH), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Kraft
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (RWTH), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Technical University Aachen (RWTH), 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Canton APM, Seraphim CE, Brito VN, Latronico AC. Pioneering studies on monogenic central precocious puberty. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2019; 63:438-444. [PMID: 31460623 PMCID: PMC10528652 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pubertal timing in humans is determined by complex interactions including hormonal, metabolic, environmental, ethnic, and genetic factors. Central precocious puberty (CPP) is defined as the premature reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, starting before the ages of 8 and 9 years in girls and boys, respectively; familial CPP is defined by the occurrence of CPP in two or more family members. Pioneering studies have evidenced the participation of genetic factors in pubertal timing, mainly identifying genetic causes of CPP in sporadic and familial cases. In this context, rare activating mutations were identified in genes of the kisspeptin excitatory pathway (KISS1R and KISS1 mutations). More recently, loss-of-function mutations in two imprinted genes (MKRN3 and DLK1) have been identified as important causes of familial CPP, describing novel players in the modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in physiological and pathological conditions. MKRN3 mutations are the most common cause of familial CPP, and patients with MKRN3 mutations present clinical features indistinguishable from idiopathic CPP. Meanwhile, adult patients with DLK1 mutations present high frequency of metabolic alterations (overweight/obesity, early onset type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia), indicating that DLK1 may be a novel link between reproduction and metabolism. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2019;63(4):438-44.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pinheiro Machado Canton
- Universidade de São PauloHospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42 do Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Seraphim
- Universidade de São PauloHospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42 do Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Vinicius Nahime Brito
- Universidade de São PauloHospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42 do Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Claudia Latronico
- Universidade de São PauloHospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42 do Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Lysinuric protein intolerance with homozygous SLC7A7 mutation caused by maternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 14. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:1137-1140. [PMID: 31427715 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is caused by mutations in the SLC7A7 gene at 14q11.2. Its clinical presentation includes failure to thrive, protein intolerance due to a secondary urea cycle defect, interstitial lung disease, renal tubulopathy, and immune disorders. Maternal uniparental disomy 14 (UPD14mat) is the most common cause of Temple syndrome (TS14), which is characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth failure. Here, we describe a severe form of LPI accompanied by TS14 in an 11-month-old girl, which presented as profound failure to thrive and delayed development. LPI was diagnosed by the detection of a homozygous mutation of c.713 C>T (p.Ser238Phe) in SLC7A7, which was eventually found to co-occur with UPD14mat. Despite receiving a protein-restricted diet with citrulline and lysine supplementation, the severe failure to thrive has persisted at follow-up of the patient at 4 years of age.
Collapse
|
71
|
Moradkhani K, Cuisset L, Boisseau P, Pichon O, Lebrun M, Hamdi-Rozé H, Maurin ML, Gruchy N, Manca-Pellissier MC, Malzac P, Bilan F, Audrezet MP, Saugier-Veber P, Fauret-Amsellem AL, Missirian C, Kuentz P, Egea G, Guichet A, Creveaux I, Janel C, Harzallah I, Touraine R, Goumy C, Joyé N, Puechberty J, Haquet E, Chantot-Bastaraud S, Schmitt S, Gosset P, Duban-Bedu B, Delobel B, Vago P, Vialard F, Gomes DM, Siffroi JP, Bonnefont JP, Dupont JM, Jonveaux P, Doco-Fenzy M, Sanlaville D, Le Caignec C. Risk estimation of uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 or 15 in a fetus with a parent carrying a non-homologous Robertsonian translocation. Should we still perform prenatal diagnosis? Prenat Diagn 2019; 39:986-992. [PMID: 31273809 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uniparental disomy (UPD) testing is currently recommended during pregnancy in fetuses carrying a balanced Robertsonian translocation (ROB) involving chromosome 14 or 15, both chromosomes containing imprinted genes. The overall risk that such a fetus presents a UPD has been previously estimated to be around ~0.6-0.8%. However, because UPD are rare events and this estimate has been calculated from a number of studies of limited size, we have reevaluated the risk of UPD in fetuses for whom one of the parents was known to carry a nonhomologous ROB (NHROB). METHOD We focused our multicentric study on NHROB involving chromosome 14 and/or 15. A total of 1747 UPD testing were performed in fetuses during pregnancy for the presence of UPD(14) and/or UPD(15). RESULT All fetuses were negative except one with a UPD(14) associated with a maternally inherited rob(13;14). CONCLUSION Considering these data, the risk of UPD following prenatal diagnosis of an inherited ROB involving chromosome 14 and/or 15 could be estimated to be around 0.06%, far less than the previous estimation. Importantly, the risk of miscarriage following an invasive prenatal sampling is higher than the risk of UPD. Therefore, we do not recommend prenatal testing for UPD for these pregnancies and parents should be reassured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Cuisset
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute Cochin and Cochin Hospital, APHP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Pichon
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marine Lebrun
- Service de Génétique-Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, CHU-Hôpital Nord, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Houda Hamdi-Rozé
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Genomics, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Laure Maurin
- Service d'Histologie, Embryologie, Cytogénétique., Groupe Hospitalier Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Gruchy
- Service de Génétique, CHU Caen, Université Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | | | - Perrine Malzac
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Pascale Saugier-Veber
- Department of Genetics, Normandy Centre for Genomic Medicine and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Laure Fauret-Amsellem
- Department of Genetics, Robert-Debré Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Missirian
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Paul Kuentz
- Génétique Biologique Histologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Gregory Egea
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale GEN-BIO, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Isabelle Creveaux
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Caroline Janel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ines Harzallah
- Service de Génétique-Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, CHU-Hôpital Nord, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Renaud Touraine
- Service de Génétique-Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, CHU-Hôpital Nord, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Carole Goumy
- Cytogénétique Médicale, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicole Joyé
- Physiopathologie des Maladies Génétiques d'Expression Pédiatrique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Puechberty
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuelle Haquet
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Gosset
- Diagnostic Préimplantatoire, Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bénédicte Duban-Bedu
- Centre de Génétique Chromosomique, GH de l'Institut Catholique de Lille-Hopital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Delobel
- Centre de Génétique Chromosomique, GH de l'Institut Catholique de Lille-Hopital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Vago
- Cytogénétique Médicale, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - François Vialard
- Unité de Cytogénétique, CHI de Poissy St Germain en Laye, Poissy, France.,EA7404-GIG, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Denise Molina Gomes
- Unité de Cytogénétique, CHI de Poissy St Germain en Laye, Poissy, France.,EA7404-GIG, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Siffroi
- Physiopathologie des Maladies Génétiques d'Expression Pédiatrique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Bonnefont
- Service d'Histologie, Embryologie, Cytogénétique., Groupe Hospitalier Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Dupont
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, HUPC Hôpital Cochin, APHP; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Jonveaux
- Laboratoire de Génétique, CHRU Nancy, Inserm U1256, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Martine Doco-Fenzy
- Service de Génétique, CHU REIMS, EA3801, UFR de Médecine REIMS, Reims, France
| | - Damien Sanlaville
- Department of Genetics, Lyon University Hospitals, Lyon, France.,Claude Bernard Lyon I University; Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Abstract
The factors that trigger human puberty are among the central mysteries of reproductive biology. Several approaches, including mutational analysis of candidate genes, large-scale genome-wide association studies, whole exome sequencing, and whole genome sequencing have been performed in attempts to identify novel genetic factors that modulate the human hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis to result in premature sexual development. Genetic abnormalities involving excitatory and inhibitory pathways regulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion, represented by the kisspeptin (KISS1 and KISS1R) and makorin ring finger 3 (MKRN3) systems, respectively, have been associated with sporadic and familial cases of central precocious puberty (CPP). More recently, paternally inherited genetic defects of DLK1 were identified in four families with nonsyndromic CPP and a metabolic phenotype. DLK1 encodes a transmembrane protein that is important for adipose tissue homeostasis and neurogenesis and is located in the imprinted chromosome 14q32 region associated with Temple syndrome. In this review, we highlight the clinical and genetic features of patients with CPP caused by DLK1 mutations and explore the involvement of Notch signaling and DLK1 in the control of pubertal onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delanie B. Macedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ursula B. Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Gomes LG, Cunha-Silva M, Crespo RP, Ramos CO, Montenegro LR, Canton A, Lees M, Spoudeas H, Dauber A, Macedo DB, Bessa DS, Maciel GA, Baracat EC, Jorge AAL, Mendonca BB, Brito VN, Latronico AC. DLK1 Is a Novel Link Between Reproduction and Metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:2112-2120. [PMID: 30462238 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delta-like homolog 1 (DLK1), also called preadipocyte factor 1, prevents adipocyte differentiation and has been considered a molecular gatekeeper of adipogenesis. A DLK1 complex genomic defect was identified in five women from a single family with central precocious puberty (CPP) and increased body fat percentage. METHODS We studied 60 female patients with a diagnosis of CPP or history of precocious menarche. Thirty-one of them reported a family history of precocious puberty. DLK1 DNA sequencing was performed in all patients. Serum DLK1 concentrations were measured using an ELISA assay in selected cases. Metabolic and reproductive profiles of adult women with CPP caused by DLK1 defects were compared with those of 20 women with idiopathic CPP. RESULTS We identified three frameshift mutations of DLK1 (p.Gly199Alafs*11, p.Val271Cysfs*14, and p.Pro160Leufs*50) in five women from three families with CPP. Segregation analysis was consistent with the maternal imprinting of DLK1. Serum DLK1 concentrations were undetectable in three affected women. Metabolic abnormalities, such as overweight/obesity, early-onset glucose intolerance/type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia, were more prevalent in women with the DLK1 mutation than in the idiopathic CPP group. Notably, the human metabolic alterations were similar to the previously described dlk1-null mice phenotype. Two sisters who carried the p.Gly199Alafs*11 mutation also exhibited polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility. CONCLUSIONS Loss-of-function mutations of DLK1 are a definitive cause of familial CPP. The high prevalence of metabolic alterations in adult women who experienced CPP due to DLK1 defects suggests that this antiadipogenic factor represents a link between reproduction and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa G Gomes
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Cunha-Silva
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raiane P Crespo
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina O Ramos
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana R Montenegro
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Sequenciamento em Larga Escala, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Canton
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Melissa Lees
- Clinical Genetics Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Spoudeas
- Clinical Genetics Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Delanie B Macedo
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle S Bessa
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A Maciel
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edmund C Baracat
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander A L Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética (LIM 25), Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Berenice B Mendonca
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Sequenciamento em Larga Escala, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius N Brito
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Latronico
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Kagami M, Yanagisawa A, Ota M, Matsuoka K, Nakamura A, Matsubara K, Nakabayashi K, Takada S, Fukami M, Ogata T. Temple syndrome in a patient with variably methylated CpGs at the primary MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR and severely hypomethylated CpGs at the secondary MEG3:TSS-DMR. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:42. [PMID: 30846001 PMCID: PMC6407230 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human chromosome 14q32.2 imprinted region harbors the primary MEG3/DLK1:IG-differentially methylated region (DMR) and secondary MEG3:TSS-DMR. The MEG3:TSS-DMR can remain unmethylated only in the presence of unmethylated MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR in somatic tissues, but not in the placenta, because of a hierarchical regulation of the methylation pattern between the two DMRs. Methods We performed molecular studies in a 4-year-old Japanese girl with Temple syndrome (TS14). Results Pyrosequencing analysis showed extremely low methylation levels of five CpGs at the MEG3:TSS-DMR and grossly normal methylation levels of four CpGs at the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR in leukocytes. HumanMethylation450 BeadChip confirmed marked hypomethylation of the MEG3:TSS-DMR and revealed multilocus imprinting disturbance (MLID) including mild hypomethylation of the H19/IGF2:IG-DMR and mild hypermethylation of the GNAS A/B:TSS-DMR in leukocytes. Bisulfite sequencing showed markedly hypomethylated CpGs at the MEG3:TSS-DMR and irregularly and non-differentially methylated CpGs at the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR in leukocytes and apparently normal methylation patterns of the two DMRs in the placenta. Maternal uniparental disomy 14 and a deletion involving this imprinted region were excluded. Conclusions Such a methylation pattern of the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR has not been reported in patients with TS14. It may be possible that a certain degree of irregular hypomethylation at the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR has prevented methylation of the MEG3:TSS-DMR in somatic tissues and that a hypermethylation type MLID has occurred at the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR to yield the apparently normal methylation pattern in the placenta. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0640-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Atsuhiro Yanagisawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Yaizu City Hospital, 1000 Doubara, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-8505, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, JR Tokyo General Hospital, 2-1-3 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-8528, Japan
| | - Miyuki Ota
- Department of Pediatrics, Yaizu City Hospital, 1000 Doubara, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-8505, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuoka
- Department of Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Shuji Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Abi Habib W, Brioude F, Azzi S, Rossignol S, Linglart A, Sobrier ML, Giabicani É, Steunou V, Harbison MD, Le Bouc Y, Netchine I. Transcriptional profiling at the DLK1/MEG3 domain explains clinical overlap between imprinting disorders. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau9425. [PMID: 30801013 PMCID: PMC6382400 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau9425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Imprinting disorders (IDs) often affect growth in humans, leading to diseases with overlapping features, regardless of the genomic region affected. IDs related to hypomethylation of the human 14q32.2 region and its DLK1/MEG3 domain are associated with Temple syndrome (TS14). TS14 is a rare type of growth retardation, the clinical signs of which overlap considerably with those of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), another ID related to IGF2 down-regulation at 11p15.5 region. We show that 14q32.2 hypomethylation affects expression, not only for genes at this locus but also for other imprinted genes, and especially lowers IGF2 levels at 11p15.5. Furthermore, expression of nonimprinted genes is also affected, some of which are also deregulated in SRS patients. These findings highlight the epigenetic regulation of gene expression at the DLK1/MEG3 domain. Expression profiling of TS14 and SRS patients highlights common signatures, which may account for the clinical overlap observed between TS14 and SRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Abi Habib
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Salah Azzi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Rossignol
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence pour les Anomalies du Développement (FECLAD), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children and Reference Center for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Bicêtre Paris Sud, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM U986, INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie-Laure Sobrier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Éloïse Giabicani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Steunou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Madeleine D. Harbison
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yves Le Bouc
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Irène Netchine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Kimura T, Kagami M, Matsubara K, Yatsuga S, Mukasa R, Yatsuga C, Matsumoto T, Koga Y. Temple syndrome diagnosed in an adult patient with clinical autism spectrum disorder. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:15-18. [PMID: 30655999 PMCID: PMC6332777 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Temple syndrome (TS14) leads to growth failure, precocious puberty, and diabetes mellitus. However, the long-term prognosis, including the development of social behavior in TS14 patients, remains unclarified. We report the clinical course of a male patient with autism spectrum disorder that received a diagnosis of TS14 at 33 years of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthKurume University School of MedicineKurume, FukuokaJapan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Research InstituteNational Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Research InstituteNational Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Shuichi Yatsuga
- National Hospital Organization Hizen Psychiatric CenterSagaJapan
| | - Rio Mukasa
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthKurume University School of MedicineKurume, FukuokaJapan
| | - Chiho Yatsuga
- National Hospital Organization Hizen Psychiatric CenterSagaJapan
| | - Takako Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthKurume University School of MedicineKurume, FukuokaJapan
| | - Yasutoshi Koga
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthKurume University School of MedicineKurume, FukuokaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
The Role of the Prader-Willi Syndrome Critical Interval for Epigenetic Regulation, Transcription and Phenotype. EPIGENOMES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes2040018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss of expression of the paternally inherited genes on chromosome 15q11.2-q13. However, the core features of PWS have been attributed to a critical interval (PWS-cr) within the 15q11.2-q13 imprinted gene cluster, containing the small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) SNORD116 and non-coding RNA IPW (Imprinted in Prader-Willi) exons. SNORD116 affects the transcription profile of hundreds of genes, possibly via DNA methylation or post-transcriptional modification, although the exact mechanism is not completely clear. IPW on the other hand has been shown to specifically modulate histone methylation of a separate imprinted locus, the DLK1-DIO3 cluster, which itself is associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders with similarities to PWS. Here we review what is currently known of the molecular targets of SNORD116 and IPW and begin to disentangle their roles in contributing to the Prader-Willi Syndrome phenotype.
Collapse
|
78
|
Matsubara K, Kagami M, Fukami M. Uniparental disomy as a cause of pediatric endocrine disorders. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2018; 27:113-121. [PMID: 30083028 PMCID: PMC6073059 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.27.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniparental disomy (UPD) refers to a condition in which two homologous chromosomes or
chromosomal regions are inherited from one parent. Recent studies have shown that UPD is
not rare among the general population, arising from trisomy rescue, gamete
complementation, and other mechanisms. Although UPD is not necessarily pathogenic, it can
lead to various disease phenotypes by causing imprinting disorders or by unmasking
autosomal recessive mutations. Notably, known UPD-mediated autosomal recessive disorders
include congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, 11β-hydroxylase
deficiency, and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. In addition, UPD can occur in
combination with additional cytogenetic abnormalities that may affect growth and
development. Therefore, UPD represents a clinically important condition that accounts for
a certain percentage of the etiology of growth failure and endocrine abnormalities.
Although UPD is barely detectable by standard karyotyping or sequence analyses, it can be
screened by single nucleotide polymorphism- and microsatellite-genotyping of patients and
their parents, or by DNA methylation analysis of the patients. This mini-review introduces
the underlying mechanisms and phenotypic consequences of UPD in association with pediatric
endocrine disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Geoffron S, Abi Habib W, Chantot-Bastaraud S, Dubern B, Steunou V, Azzi S, Afenjar A, Busa T, Pinheiro Canton A, Chalouhi C, Dufourg MN, Esteva B, Fradin M, Geneviève D, Heide S, Isidor B, Linglart A, Morice Picard F, Naud-Saudreau C, Oliver Petit I, Philip N, Pienkowski C, Rio M, Rossignol S, Tauber M, Thevenon J, Vu-Hong TA, Harbison MD, Salem J, Brioude F, Netchine I, Giabicani E. Chromosome 14q32.2 Imprinted Region Disruption as an Alternative Molecular Diagnosis of Silver-Russell Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2436-2446. [PMID: 29659920 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) (mainly secondary to 11p15 molecular disruption) and Temple syndrome (TS) (secondary to 14q32.2 molecular disruption) are imprinting disorders with phenotypic (prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, early feeding difficulties) and molecular overlap. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical overlap between SRS and TS and extensively study the molecular aspects of TS. PATIENTS We retrospectively collected data on 28 patients with disruption of the 14q32.2 imprinted region, identified in our center, and performed extensive molecular analysis. RESULTS Seventeen (60.7%) patients showed loss of methylation of the MEG3/DLK1 intergenic differentially methylated region by epimutation. Eight (28.6%) patients had maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 and three (10.7%) had a paternal deletion in 14q32.2. Most patients (72.7%) had a Netchine-Harbison SRS clinical scoring system ≥4/6, and consistent with a clinical diagnosis of SRS. The mean age at puberty onset was 7.2 years in girls and 9.6 years in boys; 37.5% had premature pubarche. The body mass index of all patients increased before pubarche and/or the onset of puberty. Multilocus analysis identified multiple methylation defects in 58.8% of patients. We identified four potentially damaging genetic variants in genes encoding proteins involved in the establishment or maintenance of DNA methylation. CONCLUSIONS Most patients with 14q32.2 disruption fulfill the criteria for a clinical diagnosis of SRS. These clinical data suggest similar management of patients with TS and SRS, with special attention to their young age at the onset of puberty and early increase of body mass index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Geoffron
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Walid Abi Habib
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Chantot-Bastaraud
- APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Département de Génétique, UF de Génétique Chromosomique, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Dubern
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS U1166 (Eq 6) Nutriomics, Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Nutrition et de Gastroentérologie Pédiatriques, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Steunou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Salah Azzi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- Sorbonne Université, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Département de Génétique Clinique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs et Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Paris, France
| | - Tiffanny Busa
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Timone Enfants, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur, Département de Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille cedex 7, France
| | - Ana Pinheiro Canton
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Christel Chalouhi
- APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Service de Pédiatrie Générale, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Dufourg
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Blandine Esteva
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Fradin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Hôpital Sud, Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Centre Labéllisé 'Anomalies du Développement'-Ouest, Rennes cedex 2, France
| | - David Geneviève
- Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Unité de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Montpellier, France
- INSERM U1183, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapie, Montpellier University, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Solveig Heide
- APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Département de Génétique, UF de Génétique Chromosomique, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes cedex 1, France
| | - Agnès Linglart
- APHP, Bicêtre Paris Sud Hospital, Reference Center for Rare Mineral Metabolism Disorders (Filière OSCAR) and the Plateforme d'Expertise Paris Sud Maladies Rares, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- APHP, Bicêtre Paris Sud Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- INSERM U1169, Bicêtre Paris Sud Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Fanny Morice Picard
- CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Department of Pediatric Dermatology, National Centre for Rare Skin Disorders, Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Catherine Naud-Saudreau
- Bretagne Sud Hospital Center, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Lorient cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Oliver Petit
- CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital des Enfants, Unité d'Endocrinologie, Obésité, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale, Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Nicole Philip
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Timone Enfants, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur, Département de Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille cedex 7, France
| | - Catherine Pienkowski
- CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital des Enfants, Unité d'Endocrinologie, Obésité, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale, Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Marlène Rio
- APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Service de Génétique, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Rossignol
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Pédiatrie, Strasbourg cedex, France
- INSERM U1112, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Maithé Tauber
- CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital des Enfants, Unité d'Endocrinologie, Obésité, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale, Toulouse cedex 9, France
- INSERM U1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader Willi, Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- CHU Dijon, Hôpital d'Enfants, Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence "Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs," Dijon cedex, France
- CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Hôpital Couple-Enfants, Centre de Génétique, Centre de Référence "Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs," La Tronche, France
| | - Thuy-Ai Vu-Hong
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Madeleine D Harbison
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Pediatrics, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Salem
- The MAGIC Foundation, Russell-Silver Syndrome/Small for Gestational Age Research & Education Fund, Warrenville, Illinois
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Irène Netchine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| | - Eloïse Giabicani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Yakoreva M, Kahre T, Pajusalu S, Ilisson P, Žilina O, Tillmann V, Reimand T, Õunap K. A New Case of a Rare Combination of Temple Syndrome and Mosaic Trisomy 14 and a Literature Review. Mol Syndromol 2018; 9:182-189. [PMID: 30181735 DOI: 10.1159/000489446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Temple syndrome (TS14) is a relatively recently discovered imprinting disorder caused by abnormal expression of genes at the locus 14q32. The underlying cause of this syndrome is maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 (UPD(14)mat). Trisomy of chromosome 14 is one of the autosomal trisomies; in humans, it is only compatible with live birth in mosaic form. Although UPD(14)mat and mosaic trisomy 14 can arise from the same cellular mechanism, a combination of both has been currently reported only in 8 live-born cases. Hereby, we describe a patient in whom only UPD(14)mat-associated TS14 was primarily diagnosed. Due to the patient's atypical features (for TS14), additional analyses were performed and low-percent mosaic trisomy 14 was detected. It can be expected that the described combination of 2 etiologically related conditions is actually more prevalent. Additional chromosomal and molecular investigations are indicated for every patient with UPD(14)mat-associated TS14 with atypical clinical presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Yakoreva
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiina Kahre
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sander Pajusalu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Piret Ilisson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olga Žilina
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiia Reimand
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Kotler J, Haig D. The tempo of human childhood: a maternal foot on the accelerator, a paternal foot on the brake. Evol Anthropol 2018; 27:80-91. [PMID: 29575348 PMCID: PMC5947556 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Relative to the life history of other great apes, that of humans is characterized by early weaning and short interbirth intervals (IBIs). We propose that in modern humans, birth until adrenarche, or the rise in adrenal androgens, developmentally corresponds to the period from birth until weaning in great apes and ancestral hominins. According to this hypothesis, humans achieved short IBIs by subdividing ancestral infancy into a nurseling phase, during which offspring fed at the breast, and a weanling phase, during which offspring fed specially prepared foods. Imprinted genes influence the timing of human weaning and adrenarche, with paternally expressed genes promoting delays in childhood maturation and maternally expressed genes promoting accelerated maturation. These observations suggest that the tempo of human development has been shaped by consequences for the fitness of kin, with faster development increasing maternal fitness at a cost to child fitness. The effects of imprinted genes suggest that the duration of the juvenile period (adrenarche until puberty) has also been shaped by evolutionary conflicts within the family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Haig
- Harvard University, Department of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Albrecht B, Eggermann T, Elbracht M, Mitter D, Morlot S, van Ravenswaaij-Arts C, Schulz S, Strobl-Wildemann G, Buiting K, Beygo J. Molecular and clinical studies in 8 patients with Temple syndrome. Clin Genet 2018; 93:1179-1188. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - B. Albrecht
- Institut für Humangenetik; Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - T. Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - M. Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - D. Mitter
- Institute of Human Genetics
- ; University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics; Leipzig Germany
| | - S. Morlot
- Department of Human Genetics; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - C.M.A. van Ravenswaaij-Arts
- Department of Genetics; University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - S. Schulz
- Center of Human Genetics; Jena University Hospital; Jena Germany
| | | | - K. Buiting
- Institut für Humangenetik; Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - J. Beygo
- Institut für Humangenetik; Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
A severely short-statured girl with 47,XX, + 14/46,XX,upd(14)mat, mosaicism. J Hum Genet 2018; 63:377-381. [DOI: 10.1038/s10038-017-0381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
84
|
Lande A, Kroken M, Rabben K, Retterstøl L. Temple syndrome as a differential diagnosis to Prader-Willi syndrome: Identifying three new patients. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:175-180. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asgeir Lande
- Department of Medical Genetics; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Mette Kroken
- Department of Medical Genetics; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - Kai Rabben
- Frambu Resource Center for Rare Disorders; Norway
| | - Lars Retterstøl
- Department of Medical Genetics; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| |
Collapse
|