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Ide JS, Zhornitsky S, Hu S, Zhang S, Krystal JH, Li CSR. Sex differences in the interacting roles of impulsivity and positive alcohol expectancy in problem drinking: A structural brain imaging study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 14:750-759. [PMID: 28413777 PMCID: PMC5385596 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol expectancy and impulsivity are implicated in alcohol misuse. However, how these two risk factors interact to determine problem drinking and whether men and women differ in these risk processes remain unclear. In 158 social drinkers (86 women) assessed for Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), positive alcohol expectancy, and Barratt impulsivity, we examined sex differences in these risk processes. Further, with structural brain imaging, we examined the neural bases underlying the relationship between these risk factors and problem drinking. The results of general linear modeling showed that alcohol expectancy best predicted problem drinking in women, whereas in men as well as in the combined group alcohol expectancy and impulsivity interacted to best predict problem drinking. Alcohol expectancy was associated with decreased gray matter volume (GMV) of the right posterior insula in women and the interaction of alcohol expectancy and impulsivity was associated with decreased GMV of the left thalamus in women and men combined and in men alone, albeit less significantly. These risk factors mediated the correlation between GMV and problem drinking. Conversely, models where GMV resulted from problem drinking were not supported. These new findings reveal distinct psychological factors that dispose men and women to problem drinking. Although mediation analyses did not determine a causal link, GMV reduction in the insula and thalamus may represent neural phenotype of these risk processes rather than the consequence of alcohol consumption in non-dependent social drinkers. The results add to the alcohol imaging literature which has largely focused on dependent individuals and help elucidate alterations in brain structures that may contribute to the transition from social to habitual drinking. Alcohol expectancy (AE) and impulsivity are risk factors for problem drinking. AE mediates the correlation between right insula GMV and problem drinking in women. AE and impulsivity interacts to mediate left thalamus GMV and problem drinking in all. Models where changes in GMV as a result of problem drinking are not supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime S Ide
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States
| | - Sien Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.,Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY 13126, United States
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
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52
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Jaworska N, Cox SM, Casey KF, Boileau I, Cherkasova M, Larcher K, Dagher A, Benkelfat C, Leyton M. Is there a relation between novelty seeking, striatal dopamine release and frontal cortical thickness? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174219. [PMID: 28346539 PMCID: PMC5367687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novelty-seeking (NS) and impulsive personality traits have been proposed to reflect an interplay between fronto-cortical and limbic systems, including the limbic striatum (LS). Although neuroimaging studies have provided some evidence for this, most are comprised of small samples and many report surprisingly large effects given the challenges of trying to relate a snapshot of brain function or structure to an entity as complex as personality. The current work tested a priori hypotheses about associations between striatal dopamine (DA) release, cortical thickness (CT), and NS in a large sample of healthy adults. METHODS Fifty-two healthy adults (45M/7F; age: 23.8±4.93) underwent two positron emission tomography scans with [11C]raclopride (specific for striatal DA D2/3 receptors) with or without amphetamine (0.3 mg/kg, p.o.). Structural magnetic resonance image scans were acquired, as were Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire data. Amphetamine-induced changes in [11C]raclopride binding potential values (ΔBPND) were examined in the limbic, sensorimotor (SMS) and associative (AST) striatum. CT measures, adjusted for whole brain volume, were extracted from the dorsolateral sensorimotor and ventromedial/limbic cortices. RESULTS BPND values were lower in the amphetamine vs. no-drug sessions, with the largest effect in the LS. When comparing low vs. high LS ΔBPND groups (median split), higher NS2 (impulsiveness) scores were found in the high ΔBPND group. Partial correlations (age and gender as covariates) yielded a negative relation between ASTS ΔBPND and sensorimotor CT; trends for inverse associations existed between ΔBPND values in other striatal regions and frontal CT. In other words, the greater the amphetamine-induced striatal DA response, the thinner the frontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS These data expand upon previously reported associations between striatal DA release in the LS and both NS related impulsiveness and CT in the largest sample reported to date. The findings add to the plausibility of these associations while suggesting that the effects are likely weaker than has been previously proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jaworska
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institue of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvia M. Cox
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kevin F. Casey
- Le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariya Cherkasova
- University of British Columbia, Division of Neurology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Larcher
- Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chawki Benkelfat
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marco Leyton
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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53
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Adisetiyo V, Gray KM. Neuroimaging the neural correlates of increased risk for substance use disorders in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-A systematic review. Am J Addict 2017; 26:99-111. [DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vitria Adisetiyo
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
| | - Kevin M. Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston South Carolina
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54
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Compensatory increase of functional connectivity density in adolescents with internet gaming disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 11:1901-1909. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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55
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Nemmi F, Nymberg C, Helander E, Klingberg T. Grit Is Associated with Structure of Nucleus Accumbens and Gains in Cognitive Training. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 28:1688-1699. [PMID: 27626223 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
There is a long-standing interest in the determinants of successful learning in children. “Grit” is an individual trait, reflecting the ability to pursue long-term goals despite temporary setbacks. Although grit is known to be predictive of future success in real-world learning situations, an understanding of the underlying neural basis and mechanisms is still lacking. Here we show that grit in a sample of 6-year-old children (n = 55) predicts the working memory improvement during 8 weeks of training on working memory tasks (p = .009). In a separate neuroimaging analysis performed on a partially overlapping sample (n = 27), we show that interindividual differences in grit were associated with differences in the volume of nucleus accumbens (peak voxel p = .021, x = 12, y = 11, z = −11). This was also confirmed in a leave-one-out analysis of gray matter density in the nucleus accumbens (p = .018). The results can be related to previous animal research showing the role of the nucleus accumbens to search out rewards regardless of delays or obstacles. The results provide a putative neural basis for grit and could contribute a cross-disciplinary connection of animal neuroscience to child psychology.
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56
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Cortical folding patterns are associated with impulsivity in healthy young adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 11:1592-1603. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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57
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Takeuchi H, Taki Y, Nouchi R, Yokoyama R, Kotozaki Y, Nakagawa S, Sekiguchi A, Iizuka K, Yamamoto Y, Hanawa S, Araki T, Makoto Miyauchi C, Shinada T, Sakaki K, Sassa Y, Nozawa T, Ikeda S, Yokota S, Daniele M, Kawashima R. Creative females have larger white matter structures: Evidence from a large sample study. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:414-430. [PMID: 27647672 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of brain connectivity for creativity has been theoretically suggested and empirically demonstrated. Studies have shown sex differences in creativity measured by divergent thinking (CMDT) as well as sex differences in the structural correlates of CMDT. However, the relationships between regional white matter volume (rWMV) and CMDT and associated sex differences have never been directly investigated. In addition, structural studies have shown poor replicability and inaccuracy of multiple comparisons over the whole brain. To address these issues, we used the data from a large sample of healthy young adults (776 males and 560 females; mean age: 20.8 years, SD = 0.8). We investigated the relationship between CMDT and WMV using the newest version of voxel-based morphometry (VBM). We corrected for multiple comparisons over whole brain using the permutation-based method, which is known to be quite accurate and robust. Significant positive correlations between rWMV and CMDT scores were observed in widespread areas below the neocortex specifically in females. These associations with CMDT were not observed in analyses of fractional anisotropy using diffusion tensor imaging. Using rigorous methods, our findings further supported the importance of brain connectivity for creativity as well as its female-specific association. Hum Brain Mapp 38:414-430, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Human and Social Response Research Division, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Advanced Brain Science, Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Division of Clinical research, Medical-Industry Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seishu Nakagawa
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Iizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sugiko Hanawa
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Carlos Makoto Miyauchi
- Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Shinada
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohei Sakaki
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuko Sassa
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nozawa
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ikeda
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Susumu Yokota
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Magistro Daniele
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, Loughborough University, England
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Advanced Brain Science, Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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58
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Individual Differences in Cognitive Control Circuit Anatomy Link Sensation Seeking, Impulsivity, and Substance Use. J Neurosci 2016; 36:4038-49. [PMID: 27053210 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3206-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Individuals vary widely in their tendency to seek stimulation and act impulsively, early developing traits with genetic origins. Failures to regulate these behaviors increase risk for maladaptive outcomes including substance abuse. Here, we explored the neuroanatomical correlates of sensation seeking and impulsivity in healthy young adults. Our analyses revealed links between sensation seeking and reduced cortical thickness that were preferentially localized to regions implicated in cognitive control, including anterior cingulate and middle frontal gyrus (n = 1015). These associations generalized to self-reported motor impulsivity, replicated in an independent group (n = 219), and correlated with heightened alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine use. Critically, the relations between sensation seeking and brain structure were evident in participants without a history of alcohol or tobacco use, suggesting that observed associations with anatomy are not solely a consequence of substance use. These results demonstrate that individual differences in the tendency to seek stimulation, act on impulse, and engage in substance use are correlated with the anatomical structure of cognitive control circuitry. Our findings suggest that, in healthy populations, covariation across these complex multidimensional behaviors may in part originate from a common underlying biology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Impaired cognitive control may result in a tendency to seek stimulation impulsively and an increased risk for maladaptive outcomes, including substance abuse. Here, we examined the structural correlates of sensation seeking and impulsivity in a large cohort of healthy young adults. Our analyses revealed links between sensation seeking and reduced cortical thickness that were preferentially localized to regions implicated in cognitive control, including anterior cingulate and middle frontal gyrus. The observed associations generalized to motor impulsivity, replicated in an independent group, and predicted heightened alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine use. These data indicate that normal variability in cognitive control system anatomy predicts sensation seeking and motor impulsivity in the healthy populations, potentially increasing risk for substance use disorders.
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59
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Takeuchi H, Taki Y, Sekiguchi A, Nouchi R, Kotozaki Y, Nakagawa S, Miyauchi CM, Iizuka K, Yokoyama R, Shinada T, Yamamoto Y, Hanawa S, Araki T, Hashizume H, Kunitoki K, Sassa Y, Kawashima R. Differences in gray matter structure correlated to nationalism and patriotism. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29912. [PMID: 27418362 PMCID: PMC4945903 DOI: 10.1038/srep29912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nationalism and patriotism both entail positive evaluations of one's nation. However, the former inherently involves derogation of other nations, whereas the latter is independent of comparisons with other nations. We used voxel-based morphometry and psychological measures and determined nationalism and patriotism's association with gray matter density (rGMD) and their cognitive nature in healthy individuals (433 men and 344 women; age, 20.7 ± 1.9 years) using whole-brain multiple regression analyses and post hoc analyses. We found higher nationalism associated with greater rGMD in (a) areas of the posterior cingulate cortex and greater rGMD in (b) the orbitofrontal cortex, and smaller rGMD in (c) the right amygdala area. Furthermore, we found higher patriotism associated with smaller rGMD in the (d) rostrolateral prefrontal cortex. Post hoc analyses revealed the mean rGMD of the cluster (a) associated with compassion, that of (b) associated with feeling of superiority, that of (c) associated with suicide ideation, and that of (d) associated with quality of life. These results indicate that individual nationalism may be mediated by neurocognitive mechanisms in social-related areas and limbic neural mechanisms, whereas patriotism may be mediated by neurocognitive mechanisms in areas related to well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Human and Social Response Research Division, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Seishu Nakagawa
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Carlos Makoto Miyauchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate Schools for Law and Politics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Iizuka
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yokoyama
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Shinada
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sugiko Hanawa
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hashizume
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yuko Sassa
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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60
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Charpentier J, Dzemidzic M, West J, Oberlin BG, Eiler WJA, Saykin AJ, Kareken DA. Externalizing personality traits, empathy, and gray matter volume in healthy young drinkers. Psychiatry Res 2016; 248:64-72. [PMID: 26778367 PMCID: PMC4760619 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Externalizing psychopathology has been linked to prefrontal abnormalities. While clinically diagnosed subjects show altered frontal gray matter, it is unknown if similar deficits relate to externalizing traits in non-clinical populations. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to retrospectively analyze the cerebral gray matter volume of 176 young adult social to heavy drinkers (mean age=24.0±2.9, male=83.5%) from studies of alcoholism risk. We hypothesized that prefrontal gray matter volume and externalizing traits would be correlated. Externalizing personality trait components-Boredom Susceptibility-Impulsivity (BS/IMP) and Empathy/Low Antisocial Behaviors (EMP/LASB)-were tested for correlations with gray matter partial volume estimates (gmPVE). Significantly large clusters (pFWE<0.05, family-wise whole-brain corrected) of gmPVE correlated with EMP/LASB in dorsolateral and medial prefrontal regions, and in occipital cortex. BS/IMP did not correlate with gmPVE, but one scale of impulsivity (Eysenck I7) correlated positively with bilateral inferior frontal/orbitofrontal, and anterior insula gmPVE. In this large sample of community-dwelling young adults, antisocial behavior/low empathy corresponded with reduced prefrontal and occipital gray matter, while impulsivity correlated with increased inferior frontal and anterior insula cortical volume. These findings add to a literature indicating that externalizing personality features involve altered frontal architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Charpentier
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - John West
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Brandon G Oberlin
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - William J A Eiler
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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61
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Fonseka BA, Jaworska N, Courtright A, MacMaster FP, MacQueen GM. Cortical thickness and emotion processing in young adults with mild to moderate depression: a preliminary study. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:38. [PMID: 26911621 PMCID: PMC4765096 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifaceted illness involving cognitive, emotional, and structural brain changes; illness onset typically occurs in adolescence or young adulthood. Cortical thickness modulations may underlie, or accompany, functional brain activity changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during emotional processing that tend to be observed in MDD. METHODS Thirteen unmedicated young adults with mild to moderate MDD, aged 18-24, completed a facial expression Go/No Go task and underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to assess cortical thickness. Cortical thickness and performance on the Go/No Go task was also assessed in age-matched healthy comparison subjects (HCs; N = 14). RESULTS Participants with depression had thicker left pars opercularis cortices than HCs. They also exhibited impaired response inhibition to neutral faces when responding only to sad faces, and a faster response time overall. CONCLUSIONS Though our sample size is limited, this pilot study nevertheless provides evidence for cortical thickening in left frontal brain regions in a non-severely depressed, young adult group compared to healthy controls. There was also evidence of disturbances in emotion processing in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice A Fonseka
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Department of Psychiatry; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, 7th Floor, Teaching, Research & Wellness (TRW) Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Natalia Jaworska
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Department of Psychiatry; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, 7th Floor, Teaching, Research & Wellness (TRW) Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Allegra Courtright
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Department of Psychiatry; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, 7th Floor, Teaching, Research & Wellness (TRW) Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Frank P MacMaster
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Department of Psychiatry; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, 7th Floor, Teaching, Research & Wellness (TRW) Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Strategic Clinical Network for Addictions and Mental Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Glenda M MacQueen
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Department of Psychiatry; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, 7th Floor, Teaching, Research & Wellness (TRW) Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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Du X, Qi X, Yang Y, Du G, Gao P, Zhang Y, Qin W, Li X, Zhang Q. Altered Structural Correlates of Impulsivity in Adolescents with Internet Gaming Disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:4. [PMID: 26858620 PMCID: PMC4729938 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that internet gaming disorder (IGD) was associated with impulsivity and structural abnormalities in brain gray matter (GM). However, no morphometric study has examined the association between GM and impulsivity in IGD individuals. In this study, 25 adolescents with IGD and 27 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited, and the relationship between Barratt impulsiveness scale-11 (BIS) score and gray matter volume (GMV) was investigated with the voxel-based morphometric (VBM) correlation analysis. Then, the intergroup differences in correlation between BIS score and GMV were tested across all GM voxels. Our results showed that the correlations between BIS score and GMV of the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), the bilateral insula and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the right amygdala and the left fusiform gyrus decreased in the IGD group compared to the HCs. Region-of-interest (ROI) analysis revealed that GMV in all these clusters showed significant positive correlations with BIS score in the HCs, while no significant correlation was found in the IGD group. Our findings demonstrated that dysfunction of these brain areas involved in the behavior inhibition, attention and emotion regulation might contribute to impulse control problems in IGD adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China
| | - Yongxin Yang
- Department of Psychology, Linyi Fourth People's Hospital, Linyi Shandong Province, China
| | - Guijin Du
- Department of Radiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi Shandong Province, China
| | - Peihong Gao
- Department of Radiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi Shandong Province, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Radiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi Shandong Province, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin, China
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63
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Neurological and Psychosocial Development in Adolescence. CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE AND ADOLESCENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31139-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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64
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Development and aging of cortical thickness correspond to genetic organization patterns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:15462-7. [PMID: 26575625 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1508831112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing realization that early life influences have lasting impact on brain function and structure. Recent research has demonstrated that genetic relationships in adults can be used to parcellate the cortex into regions of maximal shared genetic influence, and a major hypothesis is that genetically programmed neurodevelopmental events cause a lasting impact on the organization of the cerebral cortex observable decades later. Here we tested how developmental and lifespan changes in cortical thickness fit the underlying genetic organizational principles of cortical thickness in a longitudinal sample of 974 participants between 4.1 and 88.5 y of age with a total of 1,633 scans, including 773 scans from children below 12 y. Genetic clustering of cortical thickness was based on an independent dataset of 406 adult twins. Developmental and adult age-related changes in cortical thickness followed closely the genetic organization of the cerebral cortex, with change rates varying as a function of genetic similarity between regions. Cortical regions with overlapping genetic architecture showed correlated developmental and adult age change trajectories and vice versa for regions with low genetic overlap. Thus, effects of genes on regional variations in cortical thickness in middle age can be traced to regional differences in neurodevelopmental change rates and extrapolated to further adult aging-related cortical thinning. This finding suggests that genetic factors contribute to cortical changes through life and calls for a lifespan perspective in research aimed at identifying the genetic and environmental determinants of cortical development and aging.
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65
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Payer DE, Park MTM, Kish SJ, Kolla NJ, Lerch JP, Boileau I, Chakravarty MM. Personality disorder symptomatology is associated with anomalies in striatal and prefrontal morphology. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:472. [PMID: 26379535 PMCID: PMC4553386 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Personality disorder symptomatology (PD-Sx) can result in personal distress and impaired interpersonal functioning, even in the absence of a clinical diagnosis, and is frequently comorbid with psychiatric disorders such as substance use, mood, and anxiety disorders; however, they often remain untreated, and are not taken into account in clinical studies. To investigate brain morphological correlates of PD-Sx, we measured subcortical volume and shape, and cortical thickness/surface area, based on structural magnetic resonance images. We investigated 37 subjects who reported PD-Sx exceeding DSM-IV Axis-II screening thresholds, and 35 age, sex, and smoking status-matched control subjects. Subjects reporting PD-Sx were then grouped into symptom-based clusters: N = 20 into Cluster B (reporting Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, or Narcissistic PD-Sx) and N = 28 into Cluster C (reporting Obsessive–Compulsive, Avoidant, or Dependent PD-Sx); N = 11 subjects reported PD-Sx from both clusters, and none reported Cluster A (Paranoid, Schizoid, or Schizotypal) PD-Sx. Compared to control, Cluster C PD-Sx was associated with greater striatal surface area localized to the caudate tail, smaller ventral striatum volumes, and greater cortical thickness in right prefrontal cortex. Both Cluster B and C PD-Sx groups also showed trends toward greater posterior caudate volumes and orbitofrontal surface area anomalies, but these findings did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. The results point to morphological abnormalities that could contribute to Cluster C PD-Sx. In addition, the observations parallel those in substance use disorders, pointing to the importance of considering PD-Sx when interpreting findings in often-comorbid psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris E Payer
- Addictions Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto ON, Canada ; Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto ON, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Min Tae M Park
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto ON, Canada ; Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun QC, Canada ; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J Kish
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto ON, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Nathan J Kolla
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada ; Complex Mental Illness Program, Forensic Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada ; Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto ON, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - M M Chakravarty
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto ON, Canada ; Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun QC, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal QC, Canada
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66
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Ripke S, Hübner T, Mennigen E, Müller KU, Li SC, Smolka MN. Common neural correlates of intertemporal choices and intelligence in adolescents. J Cogn Neurosci 2015; 27:387-99. [PMID: 25208743 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Converging behavioral evidence indicates that temporal discounting, measured by intertemporal choice tasks, is inversely related to intelligence. At the neural level, the parieto-frontal network is pivotal for complex, higher-order cognitive processes. Relatedly, underrecruitment of the pFC during a working memory task has been found to be associated with steeper temporal discounting. Furthermore, this network has also been shown to be related to the consistency of intertemporal choices. Here we report an fMRI study that directly investigated the association of neural correlates of intertemporal choice behavior with intelligence in an adolescent sample (n = 206; age 13.7-15.5 years). After identifying brain regions where the BOLD response during intertemporal choice was correlated with individual differences in intelligence, we further tested whether BOLD responses in these areas would mediate the associations between intelligence, the discounting rate, and choice consistency. We found positive correlations between BOLD response in a value-independent decision network (i.e., dorsolateral pFC, precuneus, and occipital areas) and intelligence. Furthermore, BOLD response in a value-dependent decision network (i.e., perigenual ACC, inferior frontal gyrus, ventromedial pFC, ventral striatum) was positively correlated with intelligence. The mediation analysis revealed that BOLD responses in the value-independent network mediated the association between intelligence and choice consistency, whereas BOLD responses in the value-dependent network mediated the association between intelligence and the discounting rate. In summary, our findings provide evidence for common neural correlates of intertemporal choice and intelligence, possibly linked by valuation as well as executive functions.
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67
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Salthouse TA, Habeck C, Razlighi Q, Barulli D, Gazes Y, Stern Y. Breadth and age-dependency of relations between cortical thickness and cognition. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:3020-3028. [PMID: 26356042 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in neuroimaging have identified a large number of neural measures that could be involved in age-related declines in cognitive functioning. A popular method of investigating neural-cognition relations has been to determine the brain regions in which a particular neural measure is associated with the level of specific cognitive measures. Although this procedure has been informative, it ignores the strong interrelations that typically exist among the measures in each modality. An alternative approach involves investigating the number and identity of distinct dimensions within the set of neural measures and within the set of cognitive measures before examining relations between the 2 types of measures. The procedure is illustrated with data from 297 adults between 20 and 79 years of age with cortical thickness in different brain regions as the neural measures and performance on 12 cognitive tests as the cognitive measures. The results revealed that most of the relations between cortical thickness and cognition occurred at a general level corresponding to variance shared among different brain regions and among different cognitive measures. In addition, the strength of the thickness-cognition relation was substantially reduced after controlling the variation in age, which suggests that at least some of the thickness-cognition relations in age-heterogeneous samples may be attributable to the influence of age on each type of measure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Habeck
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qolamreza Razlighi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Barulli
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yunglin Gazes
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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68
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The cortical surface area of the insula mediates the effect of DBH rs7040170 on novelty seeking. Neuroimage 2015; 117:184-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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69
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Tschernegg M, Pletzer B, Schwartenbeck P, Ludersdorfer P, Hoffmann U, Kronbichler M. Impulsivity relates to striatal gray matter volumes in humans: evidence from a delay discounting paradigm. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:384. [PMID: 26190993 PMCID: PMC4488624 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-stable personality traits, such as impulsivity and its relationship with functional and structural brain alterations, have gained much attention in the recent literature. Evidence from functional neuroimaging data implies an association between impulsivity and cortical as well as subcortical areas of the reward system. Discounting future rewards during impulsive decisions can be related to activation in the orbitofrontal cortex and striatum. Cortical structural changes in prefrontal regions have been found for introspective impulsivity measures. The present study focuses on brain regions associated with delay discounting to investigate structural manifestations of trait impulsivity. To test this, seventy subjects underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by a behavioral delay discounting task outside of the scanner to measure impulsivity with questions like: "Would you like to have 3€ immediately or 10€ in 5 days?". The amount of smaller-but-sooner decisions was calculated and used as a measure of behavioral impulsivity. Furthermore, we estimated subject's individual delay discounting parameter K reflecting the tendency to discount future rewards. Behaviorally, we found strong evidence in favor of a discounting utility model compared to a standard hyperbolic model of choice valuation. Neuronally, we focused on cortical and subcortical brain structure and investigated the association of behavioral impulsivity with delay discounting tendencies and gray matter volume. Voxel-based morphometric analyses showed positive correlations between delay discounting and gray matter volume in the striatum. Additional analyses using Freesurfer provided evidence for a positive correlation between delay discounting and gray matter volume of the caudate. Taken together, our study provides strong evidence for a structural manifestation of time-stable trait impulsivity in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tschernegg
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
| | - Belinda Pletzer
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
| | - Philipp Schwartenbeck
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg Salzburg, Austria ; Neuroscience Institute, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Uta Hoffmann
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg Salzburg, Austria ; Neuroscience Institute, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
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70
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Desrivières S, Lourdusamy A, Tao C, Toro R, Jia T, Loth E, Medina LM, Kepa A, Fernandes A, Ruggeri B, Carvalho FM, Cocks G, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Büchel C, Conrod PJ, Flor H, Heinz A, Gallinat J, Garavan H, Gowland P, Brühl R, Lawrence C, Mann K, Martinot MLP, Nees F, Lathrop M, Poline JB, Rietschel M, Thompson P, Fauth-Bühler M, Smolka MN, Pausova Z, Paus T, Feng J, Schumann G. Single nucleotide polymorphism in the neuroplastin locus associates with cortical thickness and intellectual ability in adolescents. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:263-74. [PMID: 24514566 PMCID: PMC4051592 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recognition that cortical thickness is heritable and correlates with intellectual ability in children and adolescents, the genes contributing to individual differences in these traits remain unknown. We conducted a large-scale association study in 1583 adolescents to identify genes affecting cortical thickness. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; n=54,837) within genes whose expression changed between stages of growth and differentiation of a human neural stem cell line were selected for association analyses with average cortical thickness. We identified a variant, rs7171755, associating with thinner cortex in the left hemisphere (P=1.12 × 10(-)(7)), particularly in the frontal and temporal lobes. Localized effects of this SNP on cortical thickness differently affected verbal and nonverbal intellectual abilities. The rs7171755 polymorphism acted in cis to affect expression in the human brain of the synaptic cell adhesion glycoprotein-encoding gene NPTN. We also found that cortical thickness and NPTN expression were on average higher in the right hemisphere, suggesting that asymmetric NPTN expression may render the left hemisphere more sensitive to the effects of NPTN mutations, accounting for the lateralized effect of rs7171755 found in our study. Altogether, our findings support a potential role for regional synaptic dysfunctions in forms of intellectual deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Desrivières
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK. E-mail:
| | - A Lourdusamy
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Tao
- Center for Computational Systems Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - R Toro
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France,CNRS URA 2182, Genes, synapses and cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - T Jia
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E Loth
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L M Medina
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Kepa
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Fernandes
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - B Ruggeri
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - F M Carvalho
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G Cocks
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
| | - T Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany,Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - G J Barker
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
| | - A L W Bokde
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Büchel
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P J Conrod
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - H Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Garavan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - P Gowland
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - R Brühl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig und Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Lawrence
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - K Mann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M L P Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 ‘Imaging & Psychiatry', University Paris Sud, Orsay, France,AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - F Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Lathrop
- Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - J-B Poline
- Neurospin, Commissariat àl'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris, France
| | - M Rietschel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - P Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center/Laborarory of Neuro Imaging, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Fauth-Bühler
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Department of Psychology, Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Z Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T Paus
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - J Feng
- Center for Computational Systems Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Department of Computer Science and Centre for Scientific Computing, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
| | - G Schumann
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
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Hirjak D, Wolf RC, Kubera KM, Stieltjes B, Thomann PA. Multiparametric mapping of neurological soft signs in healthy adults. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 221:1209-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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72
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Steinbeis N, Haushofer J, Fehr E, Singer T. Development of Behavioral Control and Associated vmPFC-DLPFC Connectivity Explains Children's Increased Resistance to Temptation in Intertemporal Choice. Cereb Cortex 2014; 26:32-42. [PMID: 25100855 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human civilization is based on the successful pursuit of long-term goals, requiring the ability to forego immediate pleasure for the sake of larger future rewards. This ability improves with age, but the precise cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying its development remain elusive. The developmental changes could result either from younger children valuing immediate rewards more strongly or because older children become better at controlling their impulses. By implementing 2 tasks, a choice-independent valuation task and an intertemporal choice task, both behaviorally and using fMRI in twenty 6- to 13-year old children, we show developmental improvements in behavioral control to uniquely account for age-related changes in temporal discounting. We show further that overcoming temptation during childhood occurs as a function of an age-related increase in functional coupling between value signals in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and brain regions dedicated to behavioral control, such as left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during choice. These findings can help to devise measures that reduce the substantial costs of impatience to society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Steinbeis
- Department of Social Neuroscience, Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04105, Germany
| | - Johannes Haushofer
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Fehr
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tania Singer
- Department of Social Neuroscience, Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04105, Germany.,Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortical thickness predicts shared individual differences in self-generated thought and temporal discounting. Neuroimage 2014; 90:290-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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74
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Weiland BJ, Korycinski ST, Soules M, Zubieta JK, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Substance abuse risk in emerging adults associated with smaller frontal gray matter volumes and higher externalizing behaviors. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 137:68-75. [PMID: 24513182 PMCID: PMC4012417 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During emerging adulthood, alcohol and substance use peak. Previous research has suggested that prefrontal and subcortical brain volumes may relate to risk for development of substance abuse. Epidemiological studies indicate that early initiation of alcohol or drug use significantly increases the likelihood of later substance use disorder diagnoses. We hypothesized that frontal regions would be smaller in young adults with early substance use and related problems (early-risk, ER), compared with a control group without early use/problems (C). We further hypothesized that these volumes would be associated with more externalizing behaviors, an additional robust predictor of substance abuse. METHODS One hundred and six subjects, ages 18-23, underwent high-resolution anatomical magnetic resonance image scanning. Individuals were categorized as C (n=64) or ER (n=42) using a composite-score of early alcohol/drug use and problems based on prospectively collected assessments; externalizing behaviors were also previously assessed during adolescence. Neuroanatomical volumes were compared between groups and correlated with behavioral measures. RESULTS ER subjects exhibited more externalizing behaviors than their control counterparts. Total left frontal cortex and left superior frontal cortex volumes were significantly smaller in the ER group, controlling for family history of alcoholism and current substance use. Total gray matter volumes were negatively associated with substance risk score. Further, externalizing behavior score was negatively correlated with both left superior cortical and left total cortical volumes. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that smaller frontal cortical volumes, specifically the left superior frontal cortex, represent an underlying risk factor for substance abuse in emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J. Weiland
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Addiction Research Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Campus Box 345, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States. Tel.: +1 303 492 9147; fax: +1 303 492 2967., (B.J. Weiland)
| | - Steven T. Korycinski
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Addiction Research Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mary Soules
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Addiction Research Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Robert A. Zucker
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Addiction Research Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mary M. Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Addiction Research Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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75
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Abstract
Adolescence is characterized by significant neuromaturation, including extensive cortical thinning, particularly in frontal regions. The goal of this study was to examine the behavioral correlates of neurostructural development in early adolescence. Participants were 185 healthy 12- to 14-year-olds (44% female) recruited from local schools. Participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and magnetic resonance imaging session. Cortical surface reconstruction and thickness estimates were performed via FreeSurfer. Age and cortical thickness were negatively correlated in 10 brain regions, 7 of which were in frontal areas (β = −.15 to −.25, ps ≤ .05). Hierarchical linear regressions examined the influence of cortical thickness on working memory, attention, verbal learning and memory, visuospatial functioning, spatial planning and problem solving, and inhibition, controlling for age and intracranial volume. Thinner parietal cortices predicted better performances on tests of verbal learning and memory, visuospatial functioning, and spatial planning and problem solving (β = −.14 to −.24, ps ≤ .05). Age, spanning from 12 to 14 years, accounted for up to 6% of cortical thickness, suggesting substantial thinning during early adolescence, with males showing more accelerated thinning than females between ages 12 and 14. For both males and females, thinner parietal association cortices corresponded with better neurocognitive functioning above and beyond age alone.
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76
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Linde JA, Stringer D, Simms LJ, Clark LA. The Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality for Youth (SNAP-Y): a new measure for assessing adolescent personality and personality pathology. Assessment 2013; 20:387-404. [PMID: 23794180 DOI: 10.1177/1073191113489847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality-Youth Version (SNAP-Y) is a new, reliable self-report questionnaire that assesses 15 personality traits relevant to both normal-range personality and the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorder. Community adolescents, 12 to 18 years old (N = 364), completed the SNAP-Y; 347 also completed the Big Five Inventory-Adolescent, 144 provided 2-week retest data, and 128 others completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent. Outpatient adolescents (N = 103) completed the SNAP-Y, and 97 also completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent. The SNAP-Y demonstrated strong psychometric properties, and structural, convergent, discriminant, and external validities. Consistent with the continuity of personality, results paralleled those in adult and college samples using the adult Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality-Second Edition (SNAP-2), from which the SNAP-Y derives and which has established validity in personality-trait assessment across the normal-abnormal continuum. The SNAP-Y thus provides a new, clinically useful instrument to assess personality traits and personality pathology in adolescents.
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77
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Weiskopf N, Suckling J, Williams G, Correia MM, Inkster B, Tait R, Ooi C, Bullmore ET, Lutti A. Quantitative multi-parameter mapping of R1, PD(*), MT, and R2(*) at 3T: a multi-center validation. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:95. [PMID: 23772204 PMCID: PMC3677134 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-center studies using magnetic resonance imaging facilitate studying small effect sizes, global population variance and rare diseases. The reliability and sensitivity of these multi-center studies crucially depend on the comparability of the data generated at different sites and time points. The level of inter-site comparability is still controversial for conventional anatomical T1-weighted MRI data. Quantitative multi-parameter mapping (MPM) was designed to provide MR parameter measures that are comparable across sites and time points, i.e., 1 mm high-resolution maps of the longitudinal relaxation rate (R1 = 1/T1), effective proton density (PD(*)), magnetization transfer saturation (MT) and effective transverse relaxation rate (R2(*) = 1/T2(*)). MPM was validated at 3T for use in multi-center studies by scanning five volunteers at three different sites. We determined the inter-site bias, inter-site and intra-site coefficient of variation (CoV) for typical morphometric measures [i.e., gray matter (GM) probability maps used in voxel-based morphometry] and the four quantitative parameters. The inter-site bias and CoV were smaller than 3.1 and 8%, respectively, except for the inter-site CoV of R2(*) (<20%). The GM probability maps based on the MT parameter maps had a 14% higher inter-site reproducibility than maps based on conventional T1-weighted images. The low inter-site bias and variance in the parameters and derived GM probability maps confirm the high comparability of the quantitative maps across sites and time points. The reliability, short acquisition time, high resolution and the detailed insights into the brain microstructure provided by MPM makes it an efficient tool for multi-center imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Weiskopf
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondon, UK,*Correspondence: Nikolaus Weiskopf, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK e-mail:
| | - John Suckling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation TrustCambridge, UK
| | - Guy Williams
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | | | - Becky Inkster
- Department of Psychiatry, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Roger Tait
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Cinly Ooi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Edward T. Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation TrustCambridge, UK,GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Unit Cambridge, Addenbrooke's HospitalCambridge, UK
| | - Antoine Lutti
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondon, UK,Laboratoire de recherche en neuroimagerie, Département des neurosciences cliniques, CHUV, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
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78
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Li G, Nie J, Wang L, Shi F, Lin W, Gilmore JH, Shen D. Mapping region-specific longitudinal cortical surface expansion from birth to 2 years of age. Cereb Cortex 2012; 23:2724-33. [PMID: 22923087 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cerebral cortex develops rapidly and dynamically in the first 2 years of life. It has been shown that cortical surface expansion from term infant to adult is highly nonuniform in a cross-sectional study. However, little is known about the longitudinal cortical surface expansion during early postnatal stages. In this article, we generate the first longitudinal surface-based atlases of human cortical structures at 0, 1, and 2 years of age from 73 healthy subjects. On the basis of the surface-based atlases, we study the longitudinal cortical surface expansion in the first 2 years of life and find that cortical surface expansion is age related and region specific. In the first year, cortical surface expands dramatically, with an average expansion of 1.80 times. In particular, regions of superior and medial temporal, superior parietal, medial orbitofrontal, lateral anterior prefrontal, occipital cortices, and postcentral gyrus expand relatively larger than other regions. In the second year, cortical surface still expands substantially, with an average expansion of 1.20 times. In particular, regions of superior and middle frontal, orbitofrontal, inferior temporal, inferior parietal, and superior parietal cortices expand relatively larger than other regions. These region-specific patterns of cortical surface expansion are related to cognitive and functional development at these stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Radiology and BRIC and
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