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Nakamoto K, Tokuyama S. Stress-Induced Changes in the Endogenous Opioid System Cause Dysfunction of Pain and Emotion Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11713. [PMID: 37511469 PMCID: PMC10380691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stress, such as child abuse and neglect, and psychosocial stress in adulthood are risk factors for psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety. Furthermore, exposure to these stresses affects the sensitivity to pain stimuli and is associated with the development of chronic pain. However, the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of stress-induced depression, anxiety, and pain control remain unclear. Endogenous opioid signaling is reportedly associated with analgesia, reward, addiction, and the regulation of stress responses and anxiety. Stress alters the expression of various opioid receptors in the central nervous system and sensitivity to opioid receptor agonists and antagonists. μ-opioid receptor-deficient mice exhibit attachment disorders and autism-like behavioral expression patterns, while those with δ-opioid receptor deficiency exhibit anxiety-like behavior. In contrast, deficiency and antagonists of the κ-opioid receptor suppress the stress response. These findings strongly suggest that the expression and dysfunction of the endogenous opioid signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of stress-induced psychiatric disorders and chronic pain. In this review, we summarize the latest basic and clinical research studies on the effects of endogenous opioid signaling on early-life stress, psychosocial stress-induced psychiatric disorders, and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Nakamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Shogo Tokuyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
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Ramanadham S, Turk J, Bhatnagar S. Noncanonical Regulation of cAMP-Dependent Insulin Secretion and Its Implications in Type 2 Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:5023-5049. [PMID: 37358504 PMCID: PMC10809800 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and β-cell dysfunction in insulin resistance associated with obesity lead to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from β-cells occurs via a canonical pathway that involves glucose metabolism, ATP generation, inactivation of K ATP channels, plasma membrane depolarization, and increases in cytosolic concentrations of [Ca 2+ ] c . However, optimal insulin secretion requires amplification of GSIS by increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling. The cAMP effectors protein kinase A (PKA) and exchange factor activated by cyclic-AMP (Epac) regulate membrane depolarization, gene expression, and trafficking and fusion of insulin granules to the plasma membrane for amplifying GSIS. The widely recognized lipid signaling generated within β-cells by the β-isoform of Ca 2+ -independent phospholipase A 2 enzyme (iPLA 2 β) participates in cAMP-stimulated insulin secretion (cSIS). Recent work has identified the role of a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) activated signaling by the complement 1q like-3 (C1ql3) secreted protein in inhibiting cSIS. In the IGT state, cSIS is attenuated, and the β-cell function is reduced. Interestingly, while β-cell-specific deletion of iPLA 2 β reduces cAMP-mediated amplification of GSIS, the loss of iPLA 2 β in macrophages (MØ) confers protection against the development of glucose intolerance associated with diet-induced obesity (DIO). In this article, we discuss canonical (glucose and cAMP) and novel noncanonical (iPLA 2 β and C1ql3) pathways and how they may affect β-cell (dys)function in the context of impaired glucose intolerance associated with obesity and T2D. In conclusion, we provide a perspective that in IGT states, targeting noncanonical pathways along with canonical pathways could be a more comprehensive approach for restoring β-cell function in T2D. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:5023-5049, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John Turk
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sushant Bhatnagar
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Khan SR, Rost H, Cox B, Razani B, Alexeeff S, Wheeler MB, Gunderson EP. Heterogeneity in Early Postpartum Metabolic Profiles Among Women with GDM Who Progressed to Type 2 Diabetes During 10-Year Follow-Up: The SWIFT Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.13.23291346. [PMID: 37398098 PMCID: PMC10312884 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.23291346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
GDM is a strong risk factor for progression to T2D after pregnancy. Although both GDM and T2D exhibit heterogeneity, the link between the distinct heterogeneity of GDM and incident T2D has not been established. Herein, we evaluate early postpartum profiles of women with recent GDM who later developed incident T2D using a soft clustering method, followed by the integration of both clinical phenotypic variables and metabolomics to characterize these heterogeneous clusters/groups clinically and their molecular mechanisms. We identified three clusters based on two indices of glucose homeostasis at 6-9 weeks postpartum - HOMA-IR and HOMA-B among women who developed incident T2D during the 12-year follow-up. The clusters were classified as follows: pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction group (cluster-1), insulin resistant group (cluster-3), and a combination of both phenomena (cluster-2) comprising the majority of T2D. We also identified postnatal blood test parameters to distinguish the three clusters for clinical testing. Moreover, we compared these three clusters in their metabolomics profiles at the early stage of the disease to identify the mechanistic insights. A significantly higher concentration of a metabolite at the early stage of a T2D cluster than other clusters indicates its essentiality for the particular disease character. As such, the early-stage characters of T2D cluster-1 pathology include a higher concentration of sphingolipids, acyl-alkyl phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines, and glycine, indicating their essentiality for pancreatic beta-cell function. In contrast, the early-stage characteristics of T2D cluster-3 pathology include a higher concentration of diacyl phosphatidylcholines, acyl-carnitines, isoleucine, and glutamate, indicating their essentiality for insulin actions. Notably, all these biomolecules are found in the T2D cluster-2 with mediocre concentrations, indicating a true nature of a mixed group. In conclusion, we have deconstructed incident T2D heterogeneity and identified three clusters with their clinical testing procedures and molecular mechanisms. This information will aid in adopting proper interventions using a precision medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifur R Khan
- Department of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannes Rost
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Cox
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Babak Razani
- Department of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacey Alexeeff
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erica P Gunderson
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA
- Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Department of Health Systems Science, Pasadena, CA
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Li Y, Lu Z, Kirkwood CL, Kirkwood KL, Wank SA, Li AJ, Lopes-Virella MF, Huang Y. GPR40 deficiency worsens metabolic syndrome-associated periodontitis in mice. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:575-587. [PMID: 36807310 PMCID: PMC10182248 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is a receptor for medium- and long-chain free fatty acids (FFAs). GPR40 activation improves type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the complications of T2DM and MetS. Periodontitis, a common oral inflammatory disease initiated by periodontal pathogens, is another complication of T2DM and MetS. Since FFAs play a key role in the pathogenesis of MetS which exacerbates periodontal inflammation and GPR40 is a FFA receptor with anti-inflammatory properties, it is important to define the role of GPR40 in MetS-associated periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We induced MetS and periodontitis by high-fat diet and periodontal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively, in wild-type and GPR40-deficient mice and determined alveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation using micro-computed tomography, histology, and osteoclast staining. We also performed in vitro study to determine the role of GPR40 in the expression of proinflammatory genes. RESULTS The primary outcome of the study is that GPR40 deficiency increased alveolar bone loss and enhanced osteoclastogenesis in control mice and the mice with both MetS and periodontitis. GPR40 deficiency also augmented periodontal inflammation in control mice and the mice with both MetS and periodontitis. Furthermore, GPR40 deficiency led to increased plasma lipids and insulin resistance in control mice but had no effect on the metabolic parameters in mice with MetS alone. For mice with both MetS and periodontitis, GPR40 deficiency increased insulin resistance. Finally, in vitro studies with macrophages showed that deficiency or inhibition of GPR40 upregulated proinflammatory genes while activation of GPR40 downregulated proinflammatory gene expression stimulated synergistically by LPS and palmitic acid. CONCLUSION GPR40 deficiency worsens alveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation in mice with both periodontitis and MetS, suggesting that GPR40 plays a favorable role in MetS-associated periodontitis. Furthermore, GPR40 deficiency or inhibition in macrophages further upregulated proinflammatory and pro-osteoclastogenic genes induced by LPS and palmitic acid, suggesting that GPR40 has anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zhongyang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Cameron L. Kirkwood
- Departments of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo
| | - Keith L. Kirkwood
- Departments of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo
- Department of Head & Neck/Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Stephen A. Wank
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ai-Jun Li
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Maria F. Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Yan Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
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Kumari P, Inoue A, Chapman K, Lian P, Rosenbaum DM. Molecular mechanism of fatty acid activation of FFAR1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219569120. [PMID: 37216523 PMCID: PMC10235965 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219569120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
FFAR1 is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that responds to circulating free fatty acids to enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and release of incretin hormones. Due to the glucose-lowering effect of FFAR1 activation, potent agonists for this receptor have been developed for the treatment of diabetes. Previous structural and biochemical studies of FFAR1 showed multiple sites of ligand binding to the inactive state but left the mechanism of fatty acid interaction and receptor activation unknown. We used cryo-electron microscopy to elucidate structures of activated FFAR1 bound to a Gq mimetic, which were induced either by the endogenous FFA ligand docosahexaenoic acid or γ-linolenic acid and the agonist drug TAK-875. Our data identify the orthosteric pocket for fatty acids and show how both endogenous hormones and synthetic agonists induce changes in helical packing along the outside of the receptor that propagate to exposure of the G-protein-coupling site. These structures show how FFAR1 functions without the highly conserved "DRY" and "NPXXY" motifs of class A GPCRs and also illustrate how the orthosteric site of a receptor can be bypassed by membrane-embedded drugs to confer full activation of G protein signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punita Kumari
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8578, Japan
| | - Karen Chapman
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Peng Lian
- BioHPC at the Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Daniel M. Rosenbaum
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
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Chen C, Guo SM, Sun Y, Li H, Hu N, Yao K, Ni H, Xia Z, Xu B, Xie X, Long YQ. Discovery of orally effective and safe GPR40 agonists by incorporating a chiral, rigid and polar sulfoxide into β-position to the carboxylic acid. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 251:115267. [PMID: 36933395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
GPR40 is primarily expressed in pancreatic islet β-cells, and its activation by endogenous ligands of medium to long-chain free fatty acids or synthetic agonists is clinically proved to improve glycemic control by stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion. However, most of the reported agonists are highly lipophilic, which might cause lipotoxicity and the off-target effects in CNS. Particularly, the withdrawal of TAK-875 from clinical trials phase III due to liver toxicity concern threw doubt over the long-term safety of targeting GPR40. Improving the efficacy and the selectivity, thus enlarging the therapeutic window would provide an alternative to develop safe GPR40-targeted therapeutics. Herein, by employing an innovative "three-in-one" pharmacophore drug design strategy, the optimal structural features for GPR40 agonist was integrated into one functional group of sulfoxide, which was incorporated into the β-position of the propanoic acid core pharmacophore. As a result, the conformational constraint, polarity as well as chirality endowed by the sulfoxide significantly enhanced the efficacy, selectivity and ADMET properties of the novel (S)- 2-(phenylsulfinyl)acetic acid-based GPR40 agonists. The lead compounds (S)-4a and (S)-4s exhibited robust plasma glucose-lowering effects and insulinotropic action during an oral glucose tolerance test in C57/BL6 mice, excellent pharmacokinetic profile and little hepatobiliary transporter inhibition, marginal cell toxicities against human primary hepatocyte at 100 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China; Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shi-Meng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuanjun Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Kun Yao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Huxin Ni
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhikan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ya-Qiu Long
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China; Department of Pharmacy, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China.
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Jurica EA, Wu X, Williams KN, Haque LE, Rampulla RA, Mathur A, Zhou M, Cao G, Cai H, Wang T, Liu H, Xu C, Kunselman LK, Antrilli TM, Hicks MB, Sun Q, Dierks EA, Apedo A, Moore DB, Foster KA, Cvijic ME, Panemangalore R, Khandelwal P, Wilkes JJ, Zinker BA, Robertson DG, Janovitz EB, Galella M, Li YX, Li J, Ramar T, Jalagam PR, Jayaram R, Whaley JM, Barrish JC, Robl JA, Ewing WR, Ellsworth BA. Optimization of Physicochemical Properties of Pyrrolidine GPR40 AgoPAMs Results in a Differentiated Profile with Improved Pharmacokinetics and Reduced Off-Target Activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 85:117273. [PMID: 37030194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
GPR40 AgoPAMs are highly effective antidiabetic agents that have a dual mechanism of action, stimulating both glucose-dependent insulin and GLP-1 secretion. The early lipophilic, aromatic pyrrolidine and dihydropyrazole GPR40 AgoPAMs from our laboratory were highly efficacious in lowering plasma glucose levels in rodents but possessed off-target activities and triggered rebound hyperglycemia in rats at high doses. A focus on increasing molecular complexity through saturation and chirality in combination with reducing polarity for the pyrrolidine AgoPAM chemotype resulted in the discovery of compound 46, which shows significantly reduced off-target activities as well as improved aqueous solubility, rapid absorption, and linear PK. In vivo, compound 46 significantly lowers plasma glucose levels in rats during an oral glucose challenge yet does not demonstrate the reactive hyperglycemia effect at high doses that was observed with earlier GPR40 AgoPAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Jurica
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States.
| | - Ximao Wu
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Kristin N Williams
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Lauren E Haque
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Richard A Rampulla
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Min Zhou
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Gary Cao
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Hong Cai
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Heng Liu
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Carrie Xu
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Lori K Kunselman
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Thomas M Antrilli
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Michael B Hicks
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Qin Sun
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Dierks
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Atsu Apedo
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Douglas B Moore
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Kimberly A Foster
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Mary Ellen Cvijic
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Reshma Panemangalore
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Purnima Khandelwal
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Jason J Wilkes
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Bradley A Zinker
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Donald G Robertson
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Evan B Janovitz
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Michael Galella
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Yi-Xin Li
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Julia Li
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Thangeswaran Ramar
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Prasada Rao Jalagam
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Ramya Jayaram
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Jean M Whaley
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Joel C Barrish
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Robl
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - William R Ewing
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
| | - Bruce A Ellsworth
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, United States
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The Interplay of Dietary Fibers and Intestinal Microbiota Affects Type 2 Diabetes by Generating Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051023. [PMID: 36900540 PMCID: PMC10001013 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Foods contain dietary fibers which can be classified into soluble and insoluble forms. The nutritional composition of fast foods is considered unhealthy because it negatively affects the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Dietary fiber is resistant to digestive enzymes in the gut, which modulates the anaerobic intestinal microbiota (AIM) and fabricates SCFAs. Acetate, butyrate, and propionate are dominant in the gut and are generated via Wood-Ljungdahl and acrylate pathways. In pancreatic dysfunction, the release of insulin/glucagon is impaired, leading to hyperglycemia. SCFAs enhance insulin sensitivity or secretion, beta-cell function, leptin release, mitochondrial function, and intestinal gluconeogenesis in human organs, which positively affects type 2 diabetes (T2D). Research models have shown that SCFAs either enhance the release of peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from L-cells (entero-endocrine), or promotes the release of leptin hormone in adipose tissues through G-protein receptors GPR-41 and GPR-43. Dietary fiber is a component that influences the production of SCFAs by AIM, which may have beneficial effects on T2D. This review focuses on the effectiveness of dietary fiber in producing SCFAs in the colon by the AIM as well as the health-promoting effects on T2D.
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Kurisu R, Takai M, Takamoto M, Tsujiuchi T. Effects of free fatty acid receptor-2 (FFAR2)-mediated signaling on the regulation of cellular functions in osteosarcoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 646:56-62. [PMID: 36706706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
G protein coupled free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) are involved in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. FFAR2 and FFAR3 are activated by the binding of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This study aimed to evaluate the roles of FFAR2 in the regulation of cellular functions in osteosarcoma HOS cells, using acetic acid and propanoic acid as FFAR2 and FFAR3 agonists. FFAR2 and FFAR3 genes were expressed in HOS cells. The cell motile activity of HOS cells was significantly stimulated by acetic acid and propanoic acid. In contrast, acetic acid and propanoic acid had no impact on the activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. In cell survival assay, the cell survival rate to cisplatin (CDDP) of HOS cells was elevated by acetic acid and propanoic acid. To assess the effects of FFAR2 on cellular functions, FFAR2 knockdown (HOS-FFAR2) cells were generated from HOS cells. The cell motile activity of HOS-FFAR2 cells was enhanced by acetic acid and propanoic acid. In the presence of acetic acid and propanoic acid, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were reduced in HOS-FFAR2 cells, compared with control cells. When cells were treated with acetic acid and propanoic acid, the cell survival rate to CDDP of HOS-FFAR2 cells was significantly lower than that of control cells. These results suggest that activation of FFAR2-mediated signaling is involved in the modulation of cellular functions in HOS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rio Kurisu
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Miwa Takai
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Miyu Takamoto
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tsujiuchi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
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Samovski D, Jacome-Sosa M, Abumrad NA. Fatty Acid Transport and Signaling: Mechanisms and Physiological Implications. Annu Rev Physiol 2023; 85:317-337. [PMID: 36347219 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-032122-030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acids (FAs) are components of plasma membranes and an efficient fuel source and also serve as metabolic regulators through FA signaling mediated by membrane FA receptors. Impaired tissue FA uptake has been linked to major complications of obesity, including insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Fatty acid interactions with a membrane receptor and the initiation of signaling can modify pathways related to nutrient uptake and processing, cell proliferation or differentiation, and secretion of bioactive factors. Here, we review the major membrane receptors involved in FA uptake and FA signaling. We focus on two types of membrane receptors for long-chain FAs: CD36 and the G protein-coupled FA receptors FFAR1 and FFAR4. We describe key signaling pathways and metabolic outcomes for CD36, FFAR1, and FFAR4 and highlight the parallels that provide insight into FA regulation of cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Samovski
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
| | - Miriam Jacome-Sosa
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; .,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Balouei F, Stefanon B, Sgorlon S, Sandri M. Factors Affecting Gut Microbiota of Puppies from Birth to Weaning. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040578. [PMID: 36830365 PMCID: PMC9951692 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The review described the most important factors affecting the development of the intestinal microbiota in puppies from birth to weaning. The health and well-being of the microbiome in puppies is influenced by the type of parturition, the maternal microbiota, and the diet of the mother, directly or indirectly. The isolation of bacteria in dogs from the placenta, fetal fluids, and fetuses suggests that colonization could occur before birth, although this is still a matter of debate. Accordingly, newborn puppies could harbor bacteria that could be of maternal origin and that could influence microbial colonization later in life. However, the long-term impacts on health and the clinical significance of this transfer is not yet clear and needs to be investigated. The same maternal bacteria were found in puppies that were born vaginally and in those delivered via cesarean section. Potentially, the relationship between the type of parturition and the colonization of the microbiome will influence the occurrence of diseases, since it can modulate the gut microbiome during early life. In addition, puppies' gut microbiota becomes progressively more similar to adult dogs at weaning, as a consequence of the transition from milk to solid food that works together with behavioral factors. A number of researches have investigated the effects of diet on the gut microbiota of dogs, revealing that dietary interference may affect the microbial composition and activity through the production of short-chain fatty acids and vitamins. These compounds play a fundamental role during the development of the fetus and the initial growth of the puppy. The composition of the diet fed during pregnancy to the bitches is also an important factor to consider for the health of newborns. As far as it is known, the effects of the type of parturition, the maternal microbiota, and the diet on the microbial colonization and the long-term health of the dogs deserve further studies. Definitely, longitudinal studies with a larger number of dogs will be required to assess a causal link between microbiome composition in puppies and diseases in adult dogs.
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Jiang X, Yang Q, Qu H, Chen Y, Zhu S. Endogenous n-3 PUFAs Improve Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through FFAR4-Mediated Gut-Liver Crosstalk. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030586. [PMID: 36771292 PMCID: PMC9919706 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-liver axis plays a key role in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Due to the complexity and incomplete understanding of the cross-talk between the gut and liver, effective therapeutic targets are largely unknown. Free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) may bridge the cross-talk between the gut and liver. FFAR4 has received considerable attention due to its important role in lipid metabolism. However, the role of FFAR4 in this cross talk in NAFLD remains unclear. In this study, mice with high endogenous n-3 PUFAs but FFAR4 deficiency were generated by crossbreeding Fat-1 and FFAR4 knockout mice. FFAR4 deficiency blocked the protective effects of high endogenous n-3 PUFAs on intestinal barrier dysfunction and hepatic steatosis. In addition, FFAR4 deficiency decreased gut microbiota diversity and enriched Rikenella, Anaerotruncus, and Enterococcus, and reduced Dubosiella, Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002, Faecalibaculum, Ruminococcaceae UCG-009, and Akkermansia. Notably, FFAR4 deficiency co-regulated pantothenic acid and CoA biosynthesis, β-alanine metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism pathways in the gut and liver, potentially associated with the aggravation of NAFLD. Together, the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs on the gut and liver were mediated by FFAR4, providing insights on the role of FFAR4 in the treatment of NAFLD through the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jiang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongyan Qu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yongquan Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and School of Translational Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shenglong Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and School of Translational Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Ma J, Kitaura H, Ogawa S, Ohori F, Noguchi T, Marahleh A, Nara Y, Pramusita A, Kinjo R, Kanou K, Kishikawa A, Ichimura A, Mizoguchi I. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and orthodontic tooth movement through GPR120. Front Immunol 2023; 13:929690. [PMID: 36741381 PMCID: PMC9889988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that has a range of positive impacts on human health, including anti-inflammatory effects and inhibition of osteoclast formation via G-protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). Orthodontic force was reported to induce tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, which activates osteoclast differentiation during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of DHA on TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and OTM in vivo. We examined osteoclast formation and bone resorption within the calvaria of both wild-type (WT) and GPR120-deficient (GPR120-KO) mice injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), TNF-α, TNF-α and DHA, or DHA. DHA inhibited TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in WT mice but had no effect in GPR120-KO mice. OTM experiments were performed in mouse strains with or without regular injection of DHA, and the effects of DHA on osteoclast formation in the alveolar bones during OTM were examined. DHA also suppressed OTM in WT but not GPR120-KO mice. Our data showed that DHA suppresses TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via GPR120. TNF-α has considerable significance in OTM, and therefore, DHA may also inhibit TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Ma
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hideki Kitaura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan,*Correspondence: Hideki Kitaura,
| | - Saika Ogawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Ohori
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Noguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Aseel Marahleh
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nara
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Adya Pramusita
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ria Kinjo
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kanou
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akiko Kishikawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ichimura
- Department of Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Itaru Mizoguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Takala R, Ramji DP, Choy E. The Beneficial Effects of Pine Nuts and Its Major Fatty Acid, Pinolenic Acid, on Inflammation and Metabolic Perturbations in Inflammatory Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021171. [PMID: 36674687 PMCID: PMC9861571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis, diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis are regulated by cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. Current treatments for these conditions are associated with significant side effects and do not completely suppress inflammation. The benefits of diet, especially the role of specific components, are poorly understood. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have several beneficial health effects. The majority of studies on PUFAs have been on omega-3 fatty acids. This review will focus on a less studied fatty acid, pinolenic acid (PNLA) from pine nuts, which typically constitutes up to 20% of its total fatty acids. PNLA is emerging as a dietary PUFA and a promising supplement in the prevention of inflammatory disorders or as an alternative therapy. Some studies have shown the health implications of pine nuts oil (PNO) and PNLA in weight reduction, lipid-lowering and anti-diabetic actions as well as in suppression of cell invasiveness and motility in cancer. However, few reviews have specifically focused on the biological and anti-inflammatory effects of PNLA. Furthermore, in recent bioinformatic studies on human samples, the expression of many mRNAs and microRNAs was regulated by PNLA indicating potential transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of inflammatory and metabolic processes. The aim of this review is to summarize, highlight, and evaluate research findings on PNO and PNLA in relation to potential anti-inflammatory benefits and beneficial metabolic changes. In this context, the focus of the review is on the potential actions of PNLA on inflammation along with modulation of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress based on data from both in vitro and in vivo experiments, and human findings, including gene expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabaa Takala
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Tenovus Building, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Dipak P. Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Ernest Choy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Tenovus Building, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Heath Park, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
- Correspondence:
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Wang B, Cai Z, Yao H, Jiao S, Chen S, Yang Z, Huang W, Ren Q, Cao Z, Chen Y, Zhang L, Li Z. Discovery of a structurally novel, potent, and once-weekly free fatty acid receptor 1 agonist for the treatment of diabetes. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 245:114883. [PMID: 36343410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a lifelong disease that requires long-term medication to control glucose levels, and thereby long-acting drug has been clinically needed for improving medical adherence. The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) was considered as a promising target for several diseases, such as T2DM, pain and fatty liver. However, no once-weekly FFA1 agonist has been reported until now. Herein, we report the successful discovery of ZLY50, the first once-weekly FFA1 agonist with a completely new chemotype, highly agonistic activity and selectivity on FFA1. Moreover, ZLY50 has enough brain exposure to activate FFA1 in brain, and it is the first orally available FFA1 agonist with analgesic activity. Notably, the long-term anti-diabetic and anti-fatty liver effects of ZLY50 (once-weekly) were better than those of HWL-088 (once-daily), a highly potent FFA1 agonist with far stronger glucose-lowering effect than Phase 3 clinical candidate TAK-875. Further mechanism studies suggested that ZLY50 alleviates fatty liver by regulating the expressions of genes related to lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zongyu Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Huixin Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Shixuan Jiao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Siliang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhongcheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wanqiu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Qiang Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Ya Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Lin X, Wang L, Lu X, Zhang Y, Zheng R, Chen R, Zhang W. Targeting of G-protein coupled receptor 40 alleviates airway hyperresponsiveness through RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway in obese asthmatic mice. Respir Res 2023; 24:56. [PMID: 36803977 PMCID: PMC9938616 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the severity of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in individuals with asthma, but the mechanism is not well elucidated. G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) has been found to induce airway smooth muscle contraction after activated by long-chain fatty acids (LC-FFAs), suggesting a close correlation between GPR40 and AHR in obese. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity with or without ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization, the regulatory effects of GPR40 on AHR, inflammatory cells infiltration, and the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines were evaluated by using a small-molecule antagonist of GPR40, DC260126. We found that the free fatty acids (FFAs) level and GPR40 expression were greatly elevated in the pulmonary tissues of obese asthmatic mice. DC260126 greatly reduced methacholine-induced AHR, ameliorated pulmonary pathological changes and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in the airways in obese asthma. In addition, DC260126 could down-regulate the levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α), but elevated Th1 cytokine (IFN-γ) expression. In vitro, DC260126 could remarkedly reduce oleic acid (OA)-induced cell proliferation and migration in HASM cells. Mechanistically, the effects that DC260126 alleviated obese asthma was correlated with the down-regulation of GTP-RhoA and Rho-associated coiled-coil-forming protein kinase 1 (ROCK1). Herein, we proved that targeting of GPR40 with its antagonist helped to mitigate multiple parameters of obese asthma effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Lin
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang China
| | - Like Wang
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang China
| | - Rongying Zheng
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
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Sánchez-Alegría K, Arias C. Functional consequences of brain exposure to saturated fatty acids: From energy metabolism and insulin resistance to neuronal damage. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 6:e386. [PMID: 36321333 PMCID: PMC9836261 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Saturated fatty acids (FAs) are the main component of high-fat diets (HFDs), and high consumption has been associated with the development of insulin resistance, endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in neuronal cells. In particular, the reduction in neuronal insulin signaling seems to underlie the development of cognitive impairments and has been considered a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS This review summarized and critically analyzed the research that has impacted the field of saturated FA metabolism in neurons. RESULTS We reviewed the mechanisms for free FA transport from the systemic circulation to the brain and how they impact neuronal metabolism. Finally, we focused on the molecular and the physiopathological consequences of brain exposure to the most abundant FA in the HFD, palmitic acid (PA). CONCLUSION Understanding the mechanisms that lead to metabolic alterations in neurons induced by saturated FAs could help to develop several strategies for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, or type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Sánchez-Alegría
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Clorinda Arias
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Zhao X, Yang X, Hang HC. Chemoproteomic Analysis of Microbiota Metabolite-Protein Targets and Mechanisms. Biochemistry 2022; 61:2822-2834. [PMID: 34989554 PMCID: PMC9256862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota have emerged as an important factor in host physiology, disease, and response to therapy. These diverse microbes (bacteria, virus, fungi, and protists) encode unique functions and metabolites that regulate intraspecies and interspecies interactions. While the mechanisms of some microbiota species and metabolites have been elucidated, the diversity and abundance of different microbiota species and their associated pathways suggest many more metabolites and mechanisms of action remain to be discovered. In this Perspective, we highlight how the advances in chemical proteomics have provided new opportunities to elucidate the molecular targets of specific microbiota metabolites and reveal new mechanisms of action. The continued development of specific microbiota metabolite reporters and more precise proteomic methods should reveal new microbiota mechanisms of action, therapeutic targets, and biomarkers for a variety of human diseases.
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Keles U, Ow JR, Kuentzel KB, Zhao LN, Kaldis P. Liver-derived metabolites as signaling molecules in fatty liver disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 80:4. [PMID: 36477411 PMCID: PMC9729146 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive fat accumulation in the liver has become a major health threat worldwide. Unresolved fat deposition in the liver can go undetected until it develops into fatty liver disease, followed by steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Lipid deposition in the liver is governed by complex communication, primarily between metabolic organs. This can be mediated by hormones, organokines, and also, as has been more recently discovered, metabolites. Although how metabolites from peripheral organs affect the liver is well documented, the effect of metabolic players released from the liver during the development of fatty liver disease or associated comorbidities needs further attention. Here we focus on interorgan crosstalk based on metabolites released from the liver and how these molecules act as signaling molecules in peripheral tissues. Due to the liver's specific role, we are covering lipid and bile mechanism-derived metabolites. We also discuss the high sucrose intake associated with uric acid release from the liver. Excessive fat deposition in the liver during fatty liver disease development reflects disrupted metabolic processes. As a response, the liver secretes a variety of signaling molecules as well as metabolites which act as a footprint of the metabolic disruption. In the coming years, the reciprocal exchange of metabolites between the liver and other metabolic organs will gain further importance and will help to better understand the development of fatty liver disease and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umur Keles
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Lund University, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jin Rong Ow
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Katharina Barbara Kuentzel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Lund University, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Li Na Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Lund University, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Lund University, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden. .,Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Lund University, Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden.
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Chemosensing of fat digestion by the expression pattern of GPR40, GPR120, CD36 and enteroendocrine profile in sheep. Res Vet Sci 2022; 150:89-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fraser DA, Harrison SA, Schuppan D. Icosabutate: targeting metabolic and inflammatory pathways for the treatment of NASH. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:1269-1278. [PMID: 36527256 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2159804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Via pleiotropic targeting of membrane and nuclear fatty acid receptors regulating key metabolic and inflammatory pathways in the liver, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids could offer a unique therapeutic approach for the treatment of metabolic-inflammatory diseases such as NASH. However, they lack efficacy for the treatment of NASH, likely due to unfavorable distribution, metabolism, and susceptibility to peroxidation. AREAS COVERED Structurally engineered fatty acids (SEFAs), as exemplified by icosabutate, circumvent the inherent limitations of unmodified long-chain fatty acids, and demonstrate markedly enhanced pharmacodynamic effects without sacrificing safety and tolerability. We cover icosabutate's structural modifications, their rationale and the fatty acid receptor and pathway targeting profile. We also provide an overview of the clinical data to date, including interim data from a Phase 2b trial in NASH subjects. EXPERT OPINION Ideally, candidate drugs for NASH and associated liver fibrosis should be pleiotropic in mechanism and work upstream on multiple drivers of NASH, including lipotoxic lipid species, oxidative stress, and key modulators of inflammation, liver cell injury, and fibrosis. Icosabutate has demonstrated the ability to target these pathways in preclinical NASH models with interim data from the ICONA trial supporting, at least noninvasively, the clinical translation of highly promising pre-clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen A Harrison
- NorthSea Therapeutics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford UK
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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da Silva Batista E, Nakandakari SCBR, Ramos da Silva AS, Pauli JR, Pereira de Moura L, Ropelle ER, Camargo EA, Cintra DE. Omega-3 pleiad: The multipoint anti-inflammatory strategy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4817-4832. [PMID: 36382659 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2146044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Omega 3 (ω3) fatty acids have been described since the 1980s as promising anti-inflammatory substances. Prostaglandin and leukotriene modulation were exhaustively explored as the main reason for ω3 beneficial outcomes. However, during the early 2000s, after the human genome decoding advent, the nutrigenomic approaches exhibited an impressive plethora of ω3 targets, now under the molecular point of view. Different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) recognizing ω3 and its derivatives appear to be responsible for blocking inflammation and insulin-sensitizing effects. A new class of ω3-derived substances, such as maresins, resolvins, and protectins, increases ω3 actions. Inflammasome disruption, the presence of GPR120 on immune cell surfaces, and intracellular crosstalk signaling mediated by PPARγ compose the last discoveries regarding the multipoint anti-inflammatory targets for this nutrient. This review shows a detailed mechanistic proposal to understand ω3 fatty acid action over the inflammatory environment in the background of several chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellencristina da Silva Batista
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Susana Castelo Branco Ramos Nakandakari
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enilton A Camargo
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Nutrigenomics and Lipids Research Center, CELN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
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73
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Lu Z, Li Y, Li AJ, Syn WK, Wank SA, Lopes-Virella MF, Huang Y. Loss of GPR40 in LDL receptor-deficient mice exacerbates high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277251. [PMID: 36331958 PMCID: PMC9635748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR40, a G protein-coupled receptor for free fatty acids (FFAs), is considered as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) since GPR40 activation in pancreatic beta cells enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common complication of T2DM or metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the role of GPR40 in NAFLD associated with T2DM or MetS has not been well established. Given that it is known that cholesterol and FFAs are critically involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and LDL receptor (LDLR)-deficient mice are a good animal model for human hyperlipidemia including high cholesterol and FFAs, we generated GPR40 and LDLR double knockout (KO) mice in this study to determine the effect of GPR40 KO on hyperlipidemia-promoted NASH. We showed that GPR40 KO increased plasma levels of cholesterol and FFAs in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed LDLR-deficient mice. We also showed that GPR40 KO exacerbated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Further study demonstrated that GPR40 KO led to upregulation of hepatic CD36 and genes involved in lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, fibrosis and inflammation. Finally, our in vitro mechanistic studies showed that while CD36 was involved in upregulation of proinflammatory molecules in macrophages by palmitic acid (PA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), GPR40 activation in macrophages exerts anti-inflammatory effects. Taken together, this study demonstrated for the first time that loss of GPR40 in LDLR-deficient mice exacerbated HFD-induced hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis potentially through a CD36-dependent mechanism, suggesting that GPR40 may play a beneficial role in hyperlipidemia-associated NASH in LDLR-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yanchun Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ai-Jun Li
- Programs in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea/Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain
| | - Stephen A. Wank
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria F. Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yan Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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74
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Short-chain fatty acid receptors and gut microbiota as therapeutic targets in metabolic, immune, and neurological diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Guan HP, Xiong Y. Learn from failures and stay hopeful to GPR40, a GPCR target with robust efficacy, for therapy of metabolic disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1043828. [PMID: 36386134 PMCID: PMC9640913 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1043828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR40 is a class A G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) mainly expressed in pancreas, intestine, and brain. Its endogenous ligand is long-chain fatty acids, which activate GPR40 after meal ingestion to induce secretion of incretins in the gut, including GLP-1, GIP, and PYY, the latter control appetite and glucose metabolism. For its involvement in satiety regulation and metabolic homeostasis, partial and AgoPAM (Positive Allosteric Modulation agonist) GPR40 agonists had been developed for type 2 diabetes (T2D) by many pharmaceutical companies. The proof-of-concept of GPR40 for control of hyperglycemia was achieved by clinical trials of partial GPR40 agonist, TAK-875, demonstrating a robust decrease in HbA1c (-1.12%) after chronic treatment in T2D. The development of TAK-875, however, was terminated due to liver toxicity in 2.7% patients with more than 3-fold increase of ALT in phase II and III clinical trials. Different mechanisms had since been proposed to explain the drug-induced liver injury, including acyl glucuronidation, inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and hepatobiliary transporters, ROS generation, etc. In addition, activation of GPR40 by AgoPAM agonists in pancreas was also linked to β-cell damage in rats. Notwithstanding the multiple safety concerns on the development of small-molecule GPR40 agonists for T2D, some partial and AgoPAM GPR40 agonists are still under clinical development. Here we review the most recent progress of GPR40 agonists development and the possible mechanisms of the side effects in different organs, and discuss the possibility of developing novel strategies that retain the robust efficacy of GPR40 agonists for metabolic disorders while avoid toxicities caused by off-target and on-target mechanisms.
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76
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How Arrestins and GRKs Regulate the Function of Long Chain Fatty Acid Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012237. [PMID: 36293091 PMCID: PMC9602559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
FFA1 and FFA4, two G protein-coupled receptors that are activated by long chain fatty acids, play crucial roles in mediating many biological functions in the body. As a result, these fatty acid receptors have gained considerable attention due to their potential to be targeted for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. However, the relative contribution of canonical G protein-mediated signalling versus the effects of agonist-induced phosphorylation and interactions with β-arrestins have yet to be fully defined. Recently, several reports have highlighted the ability of β-arrestins and GRKs to interact with and modulate different functions of both FFA1 and FFA4, suggesting that it is indeed important to consider these interactions when studying the roles of FFA1 and FFA4 in both normal physiology and in different disease settings. Here, we discuss what is currently known and show the importance of understanding fully how β-arrestins and GRKs regulate the function of long chain fatty acid receptors.
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Zhang X, Kupczyk E, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Mueller C. Current and future approaches for in vitro hit discovery in diabetes mellitus. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103331. [PMID: 35926826 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious public health problem. In this review, we discuss current and promising future drugs, targets, in vitro assays and emerging omics technologies in T2DM. Importantly, we open the perspective to image-based high-content screening (HCS), with the focus of combining it with metabolomics or lipidomics. HCS has become a strong technology in phenotypic screens because it allows comprehensive screening for the cell-modulatory activity of small molecules. Metabolomics and lipidomics screen for perturbations at the molecular level. The combination of these data-intensive comprehensive technologies is enabled by the rapid development of artificial intelligence. It promises a deep cellular and molecular phenotyping directly linked to chemical information about the applied drug candidates or complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erwin Kupczyk
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Comprehensive Foodomics Platform, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Comprehensive Foodomics Platform, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Constanze Mueller
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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78
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Effects of adrenergic-stimulated lipolysis and cytokine production on in vitro mouse adipose tissue-islet interactions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15831. [PMID: 36138030 PMCID: PMC9499973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are obesity-linked factors that disturb insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pancreatic adipose tissue (pWAT) is able to generate a NEFA/cytokine overload within the pancreatic environment and as consequence to impact on insulin secretion. Pancreatic fat is a minor fat depot, therefore we used high-fat diet (HFD) feeding to induce pancreatic steatosis in mice. Relative Adipoq and Lep mRNA levels were higher in pWAT of HFD compared to chow diet mice. Regardless of HFD, Adipoq and Lep mRNA levels of pWAT were at least 10-times lower than those of epididymal fat (eWAT). Lipolysis stimulating receptors Adrb3 and Npr1 were expressed in pWAT and eWAT, and HFD reduced their expression in eWAT only. In accordance, HFD impaired lipolysis in eWAT but not in pWAT. Despite expression of Npr mRNA, lipolysis was stimulated solely by the adrenergic agonists, isoproterenol and adrenaline. Short term co-incubation of islets with CD/HFD pWAT did not alter insulin secretion. In the presence of CD/HFD eWAT, glucose stimulated insulin secretion only upon isoproterenol-induced lipolysis, i.e. in the presence of elevated NEFA. Isoproterenol augmented Il1b and Il6 mRNA levels both in pWAT and eWAT. These results suggest that an increased sympathetic activity enhances NEFA and cytokine load of the adipose microenvironment, including that of pancreatic fat, and by doing so it may alter beta-cell function.
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79
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Das UN. Syntaxin interacts with arachidonic acid to prevent diabetes mellitus. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:73. [PMID: 35982452 PMCID: PMC9389802 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntaxin regulates pancreatic β cell mass and participates in insulin secretion by regulating insulin exocytosis. In addition, syntaxin 4 reduces IFNγ and TNF-α signaling via NF-ĸB in islet β-cells that facilitates plasma glucose sensing and appropriate insulin secretion. Arachidonic acid (AA) has potent anti-inflammatory actions and prevents the cytotoxic actions of alloxan and streptozotocin (STZ) against pancreatic β cells and thus, prevents the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (induced by alloxan and STZ) and by virtue of its anti-inflammatory actions protects against the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) induced by STZ in experimental animals that are models of type 1 and type 2 DM in humans. AA has been shown to interact with syntaxin and thus, potentiate exocytosis. AA enhances cell membrane fluidity, increases the expression of GLUT and insulin receptors, and brings about its anti-inflammatory actions at least in part by enhancing the formation of its metabolite lipoxin A4 (LXA4). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the pro-inflammatory metabolite of AA, activates ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) neurons of the hypothalamus and inhibits insulin secretion leading to reduced glucose tolerance and decreases insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle and liver. This adverse action of PGE2 on insulin release and action can be attributed to its (PGE2) pro-inflammatory action and inhibitory action on vagal tone (vagus nerve and its principal neurotransmitter acetylcholine has potent anti-inflammatory actions). High fat diet fed animals have hypothalamic inflammation due to chronic elevation of PGE2. Patients with type 2 DM show low plasma concentrations of AA and LXA4 and elevated levels of PGE2. Administration of AA enhances LXA4 formation without altering or reducing PGE2 levels and thus, tilts the balance more towards anti-inflammatory events. These results suggest that administration of AA is useful in the prevention and management of DM by enhancing the action of syntaxin, increasing cell membrane fluidity, and reducing VMH inflammation. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has actions like AA: it increases cell membrane fluidity; has anti-inflammatory actions by enhancing the formation of its anti-inflammatory metabolites resolvins, protectins and maresins; interacts with syntaxin and enhance exocytosis in general and of insulin. But the DHA content of cell membrane is lower compared to AA and its content in brain is significant. Hence, it is likely DHA is important in neurotransmitters secretion and regulating hypothalamic inflammation. It is likely that a combination of AA and DHA can prevent DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, 2221 NW 5th St, Battle Ground, WA, 98604, USA. .,Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, IITH Road, Sangareddy, Kandi, Telangana, 502285, India.
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80
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Lv C, Sun Y, Zhang ZY, Aboelela Z, Qiu X, Meng ZX. β-cell dynamics in type 2 diabetes and in dietary and exercise interventions. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6656373. [PMID: 35929791 PMCID: PMC9710517 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are two of the major causes of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent clinical and experimental studies have suggested that the functional capacity of β-cells, particularly in the first phase of insulin secretion, is a primary contributor to the progression of T2D and its associated complications. Pancreatic β-cells undergo dynamic compensation and decompensation processes during the development of T2D, in which metabolic stresses such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and inflammatory signals are key regulators of β-cell dynamics. Dietary and exercise interventions have been shown to be effective approaches for the treatment of obesity and T2D, especially in the early stages. Whilst the targeted tissues and underlying mechanisms of dietary and exercise interventions remain somewhat vague, accumulating evidence has implicated the improvement of β-cell functional capacity. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the dynamic adaptations of β-cell function in T2D progression and clarify the effects and mechanisms of dietary and exercise interventions on β-cell dysfunction in T2D. This review provides molecular insights into the therapeutic effects of dietary and exercise interventions on T2D, and more importantly, it paves the way for future research on the related underlying mechanisms for developing precision prevention and treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengan Lv
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China,Zhejiang University–University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJE), Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Zhe Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeyad Aboelela
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China,Bachelors of Surgery, Bachelors of Medicine (MBBS), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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81
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Zhang Q, Chen LH, Yang H, Fang YC, Wang SW, Wang M, Yuan QT, Wu W, Zhang YM, Liu ZJ, Nan FJ, Xie X. GPR84 signaling promotes intestinal mucosal inflammation via enhancing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2042-2054. [PMID: 34912006 PMCID: PMC9343429 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The putative medium-chain free fatty acid receptor GPR84 is a G protein-coupled receptor primarily expressed in myeloid cells that constitute the innate immune system, including neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages in the periphery and microglia in the brain. The fact that GPR84 expression in leukocytes is remarkably increased under acute inflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNFα suggests that it may play a role in the development of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. Here we demonstrate that GPR84 is highly upregulated in inflamed colon tissues of active ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Infiltrating GPR84+ macrophages are significantly increased in the colonic mucosa of both the UC patients and the mice with colitis. Consistently, GPR84-/- mice are resistant to the development of colitis induced by DSS. GPR84 activation imposes pro-inflammatory properties in colonic macrophages through enhancing NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while the loss of GPR84 prevents the M1 polarization and properties of proinflammatory macrophages. CLH536, a novel GPR84 antagonist discovered by us, suppresses colitis by reducing the polarization and function of pro-inflammatory macrophages. These results define a unique role of GPR84 in innate immune cells and intestinal inflammation, and suggest that GPR84 may serve as a potential drug target for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024 China
| | - Lin-hai Chen
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Hui Yang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - You-chen Fang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Si-wei Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Min Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Qian-ting Yuan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Wei Wu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | | | - Zhan-ju Liu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Fa-jun Nan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024 China ,Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, 264000 China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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82
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Zhu Y, Wang T, Zhao N, Jiang W. High-resolution accurate mass approach to characterization of SCO-267 metabolites using liquid chromatography hybrid quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9325. [PMID: 35560672 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE SCO-267 is a potent full agonist of G-protein-coupled receptor 40. As a promising therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus, it is necessary to elucidate its metabolite profiles during the stage of drug development for safety considerations. METHODS The in vitro metabolism was investigated by incubating SCO-267 (5 μM) with liver microsomes and hepatocytes (rat and human). For in vivo metabolism, SCO-267 (10 mg/kg) was orally administered to rats and plasma samples were collected. The metabolites were identified via measurements of accurate mass, elemental composition and product ions using liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Orbitrap-MS). RESULTS A total of 19 metabolites were structurally identified. M2 (hydroxyl-SCO-267), M15 (SCO-267-acyl-glucuronide), M16 (desmethyl-SCO-267) and M17 (desneopentyl-SCO-267) were verified with reference standards. M2, M11, M16 and M17 were the major metabolites originating from hydroxylation, O-demethylation and N-dealkylation, respectively. Phenotyping study with recombinant human P450 enzymes demonstrated that hydroxylation (M2 and M11) was mainly catalyzed by CYP2C8 and 3A4; demethylation (M16) was mainly catalyzed by CYP2D6, and less catalyzed by CYP2C8 and 3A4; and N-dealkylation (M17) was exclusively triggered by CYP3A4. CONCLUSIONS Hydroxylation, O-demethylation, N-dealkylation and acyl glucuronidation were the major metabolic pathways of SCO-267. This study is the first to discover the metabolic fates of SCO-267, which provides a basis for safety assessment of this drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Wenya Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province, Zhangjiagang, China
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83
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Teng D, Zhou Y, Tang Y, Liu G, Tu Y. Mechanistic Studies on the Stereoselectivity of FFAR1 Modulators. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:3664-3675. [PMID: 35877470 PMCID: PMC9364411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). It has been validated that agonists targeting FFAR1 can achieve the initial therapeutic endpoints of T2D, and the epimer agonists (R,S) AM-8596 can activate FFAR1 differently, with one acting as a partial agonist and the other as a full agonist. Up to now, the origin of the stereoselectivity of FFAR1 agonists remains elusive. In this work, we used molecular simulation methods to elucidate the mechanism of the stereoselectivity of the FFAR1 agonists (R)-AM-8596 and (S)-AM-8596. We found that the full agonist (R)-AM-8596 disrupts the residue interaction network around the receptor binding pocket and promotes the opening of the binding site for the G-protein, thereby resulting in the full activation of FFAR1. In contrast, the partial agonist (S)-AM-8596 forms stable electrostatic interactions with FFAR1, which stabilizes the residue network and hinders the conformational transition of the receptor. Our work thus clarifies the selectivity and underlying molecular activation mechanism of FFAR1 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Teng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yaoquan Tu
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
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Pittaluga AM, Ortiz-Fraguada MY, Parker AJ, Relling AE. Effects of calcium salts of palm oil inclusion and ad libitum feeding regimen on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide concentration of feedlot steers. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6643318. [PMID: 35830482 PMCID: PMC9495499 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixty Angus × SimAngus-crossbred steers (body weight [BW] 279 ± 16 kg) were used to evaluate the effect of calcium salts of palm oil inclusion (CPO) and the amount of feed offered (AFO) on plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentration and its association with energy metabolism and marbling score (MS) in feedlot steers. Steers were blocked by BW and gain to feed (G:F) and randomly assigned to individual feedlot pens. Treatments (2 × 2 factorial) consisted of ad libitum-fed steers without (ANF) or with (AWF) the inclusion of CPO or restricted-fed steers (85% of the ad libitum intake of ANF) without (RNF) or with the inclusion of CPO (RWF). After weaning, steers were adapted to individual pens and fed a corn silage-based diet for 30 d and subsequently placed in a ground corn (GC)-based diet. Diets were given ad libitum or at 85% of the ANF intake and with or without CPO. After 59 d on the finishing diet, all steers had ad libitum access to the finishing diet until harvest. Measurements of CO2 emission and O2 consumption to estimate respiratory quotient (RQ) were taken (n = 9/treatment). Correlations between plasma GIP and insulin concentrations and RQ were analyzed. A linear regression was performed to evaluate the association of plasma GIP and MS. All data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. During the first 103 d of the trial, there were AFO × CPO interactions (P ≤ 0.01) for BW, dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), and net energy for maintenance (NEm) intake. Ad libitum-fed steers without CPO presented the greatest DMI among dietary treatments and had greater BW and ADG compared with steers in the RWF and RNF treatments. After all steers had ad libitum access to dietary treatments, steers that were previously restricted showed a 30% and 19% increase (P ≤ 0.01) in ADG and G:F, respectively. There was a three-way interaction time × CPO × AFO (P = 0.04) for plasma GIP concentration. There was no correlation (P = 0.96) of GIP with RQ, whereas insulin demonstrated marginal significance for a positive (P = 0.07) and negative (P = 0.08) correlation with plasma GIP and RQ, respectively. There was no association (P = 0.30) between GIP and MS. These data indicate that GIP secretion results from an interaction between CPO and energy intake depending on the time relative to feed intake that GIP might indirectly regulate energy metabolism through insulin secretion, and that GIP does not appear to be associated with MS.
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85
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Pyo HJ, An X, Cho H. The role of free fatty acid receptor pathways in a selective regulation of TRPA1 and TRPV1 by resolvins in primary sensory neurons. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3651-3660. [PMID: 35802479 PMCID: PMC9544928 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 and vanilloid 1 (TRPA1 and TRPV1, respectively) channels contribute to inflammatory and neuropathic pain, indicating that their pharmacological inhibition could be a novel strategy for treating painful diseases. However, the mechanisms of TRPA1/V1 channel modulation have been mostly characterized to be upregulation and sensitization via variety of exogenous stimuli, endogenous inflammatory mediators, and metabolites of oxidative stress. Here we used calcium imaging of dorsal root ganglion neurons to identify an inhibitor signaling pathway for TRPA1 and TRPV1 regulated by resolvins (RvD1 and RvE1), which are endogenous anti‐inflammatory lipid mediators. TRPA1 and TRPV1 channel activations were evoked by the TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate and the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin. Our results show that RvD1‐induced selective inhibition of TRPA1 activity was mediated by free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4)‐protein kinase C (PKC) signaling. Experiments assessing RvE1‐induced TRPV1 inhibition showed that RvE1 actions required both FFAR1 and FFAR4. Combined stimulation of FFAR1/FFAR4 or FFAR1/PKC mimicked TRPV1 inhibition by RvE1, and these effects were blocked by a protein kinase D (PKD) inhibitor, implying that PKD is an effector of the FFAR/PKC signaling axis in RvE1‐induced TRPV1 inhibition. Despite selective inhibition of TRPV1 in the nanomolar range of RvE1, higher concentrations of RvE1 also inhibited TRPA1, possibly through PKC. Collectively, our findings reveal FFAR1 and FFAR4 as key signaling pathways mediating the selective targeting of resolvins to regulate TRPA1 and TRPV1, elucidating endogenous analgesic mechanisms that could be exploited as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jeong Pyo
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Xue An
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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86
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Lipotoxicity in a Vicious Cycle of Pancreatic Beta Cell Exhaustion. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071627. [PMID: 35884932 PMCID: PMC9313354 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a common metabolic disorder in modern society and may precede hyperglycemia and diabetes by several years. Exactly how disorders of lipid and glucose metabolism are related is still a mystery in many respects. We analyze the effects of hyperlipidemia, particularly free fatty acids, on pancreatic beta cells and insulin secretion. We have developed a computational model to quantitatively estimate the effects of specific metabolic pathways on insulin secretion and to assess the effects of short- and long-term exposure of beta cells to elevated concentrations of free fatty acids. We show that the major trigger for insulin secretion is the anaplerotic pathway via the phosphoenolpyruvate cycle, which is affected by free fatty acids via uncoupling protein 2 and proton leak and is particularly destructive in long-term chronic exposure to free fatty acids, leading to increased insulin secretion at low blood glucose and inadequate insulin secretion at high blood glucose. This results in beta cells remaining highly active in the “resting” state at low glucose and being unable to respond to anaplerotic signals at high pyruvate levels, as is the case with high blood glucose. The observed fatty-acid-induced disruption of anaplerotic pathways makes sense in the context of the physiological role of insulin as one of the major anabolic hormones.
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87
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Katsouri IP, Vandervelpen EVG, Gattor AO, Engelbeen S, El Sayed A, Seitaj K, Becerra EDM, Vanderheyden PML. Complex FFA1 receptor (in)dependent modulation of calcium signaling by free fatty acids. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115150. [PMID: 35724691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The expression of free fatty acid 1 receptors (FFA1R), activated by long chain fatty acids in human pancreatic β-cells and enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion are an attractive target to treat type 2 diabetes. Yet several clinical studies with synthetic FFA1R agonists had to be discontinued due to cytotoxicity and/or so-called "liver concerns". It is not clear whether these obstructions are FFA1R dependent. In this context we used CHO-AEQ cells expressing the bioluminescent calcium-sensitive protein aequorin to investigate calcium signaling elicited by FFA1 receptor ligands α-linolenic acid (ALA), oleic acid (OLA) and myristic acid (MYA). This study revealed complex modulation of intracellular calcium signaling by these fatty acids. First these compounds elicited a typical transient increase of intracellular calcium via binding to FFA1 receptors. Secondly slightly higher concentrations of ALA substantially reduced ATP mediated calcium responses in CHO-AEQ cells and Angiotensin II responses in CHO-AEQ cells expressing human AT1 receptors. This effect was less pronounced with MYA and OLA and was not linked to FFA1 receptor activation nor to acute cytotoxicity as a result of plasma membrane perturbation. Yet it can be hypothesized that, in line with previous studies, unsaturated long chain fatty acids such as ALA and OLA are capable of inactivating the G-proteins involved in purinergic and Angiotensin AT1 receptor calcium signaling. Alternatively the ability of fatty acids to deplete intracellular calcium stores might underly the observed cross-inhibition of these receptor responses in the same cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilektra Petrina Katsouri
- Research Group of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ebert Vinciane G Vandervelpen
- Research Group of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Albert Owusu Gattor
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie II, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Engelbeen
- Research Group of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Abdulrahman El Sayed
- The International Institute of Molecular Mechanisms and Machines, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klejdia Seitaj
- Research Group of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eduardo Daniel Morales Becerra
- Research Group of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick M L Vanderheyden
- Research Group of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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88
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Zhang S, Yuan F, Liu X, Liu Y. miR-33-5p Ameliorates β Cell Dysfunction and PI3K/AKT Signaling-Mediated Insulin Secretion in Diabetes via Targeting RND2. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1161.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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89
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Fougerat A, Schoiswohl G, Polizzi A, Régnier M, Wagner C, Smati S, Fougeray T, Lippi Y, Lasserre F, Raho I, Melin V, Tramunt B, Métivier R, Sommer C, Benhamed F, Alkhoury C, Greulich F, Jouffe C, Emile A, Schupp M, Gourdy P, Dubot P, Levade T, Meynard D, Ellero-Simatos S, Gamet-Payrastre L, Panasyuk G, Uhlenhaut H, Amri EZ, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Postic C, Wahli W, Loiseau N, Montagner A, Langin D, Lass A, Guillou H. ATGL-dependent white adipose tissue lipolysis controls hepatocyte PPARα activity. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110910. [PMID: 35675775 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In hepatocytes, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) orchestrates a genomic and metabolic response required for homeostasis during fasting. This includes the biosynthesis of ketone bodies and of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Here we show that in the absence of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in adipocytes, ketone body and FGF21 production is impaired upon fasting. Liver gene expression analysis highlights a set of fasting-induced genes sensitive to both ATGL deletion in adipocytes and PPARα deletion in hepatocytes. Adipose tissue lipolysis induced by activation of the β3-adrenergic receptor also triggers such PPARα-dependent responses not only in the liver but also in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Intact PPARα activity in hepatocytes is required for the cross-talk between adipose tissues and the liver during fat mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fougerat
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 46/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Régnier
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Carina Wagner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sarra Smati
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Tiffany Fougeray
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Lasserre
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Ilyès Raho
- Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Valentine Melin
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Blandine Tramunt
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse III University - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Raphaël Métivier
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes, UMR 6290 CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Caroline Sommer
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Fadila Benhamed
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Chantal Alkhoury
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Franziska Greulich
- Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Céline Jouffe
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (IDO, IDC, IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich HMGU, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Emile
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael Schupp
- Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse III University - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Dubot
- INSERM U1037, CRCT, Université Paul Sabatier, 31059 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Levade
- INSERM U1037, CRCT, Université Paul Sabatier, 31059 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Meynard
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Gamet-Payrastre
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Ganna Panasyuk
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Helmholtz Diabetes Center (IDO, IDC, IDE), Helmholtz Center Munich HMGU, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Catherine Postic
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Walter Wahli
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Génopode, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse III University - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse III University - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Academic Institute of France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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90
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Zhu S, Zhang J, Jiang X, Wang W, Chen YQ. Free fatty acid receptor 4 deletion attenuates colitis by modulating Treg Cells via ZBED6-IL33 pathway. EBioMedicine 2022; 80:104060. [PMID: 35588628 PMCID: PMC9120243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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91
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PI(18:1/18:1) is a SCD1-derived lipokine that limits stress signaling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2982. [PMID: 35624087 PMCID: PMC9142606 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic stress activates stress-activated kinases, initiates adaptive mechanisms, including the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy, and induces programmed cell death. Fatty acid unsaturation, controlled by stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)1, prevents cytotoxic stress but the mechanisms are diffuse. Here, we show that 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-myo-inositol) [PI(18:1/18:1)] is a SCD1-derived signaling lipid, which inhibits p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, counteracts UPR, endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation, and apoptosis, regulates autophagy, and maintains cell morphology and proliferation. SCD1 expression and the cellular PI(18:1/18:1) proportion decrease during the onset of cell death, thereby repressing protein phosphatase 2 A and enhancing stress signaling. This counter-regulation applies to mechanistically diverse death-inducing conditions and is found in multiple human and mouse cell lines and tissues of Scd1-defective mice. PI(18:1/18:1) ratios reflect stress tolerance in tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, infection, high-fat diet, and immune aging. Together, PI(18:1/18:1) is a lipokine that links fatty acid unsaturation with stress responses, and its depletion evokes stress signaling. Fatty acid unsaturation by stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) protects against cellular stress through unclear mechanisms. Here the authors show 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-myo-inositol) is an SCD1-derived signaling lipid that regulates stress-adaption, protects against cell death and promotes proliferation.
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92
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Involvement of Gut Microbial Metabolites Derived from Diet on Host Energy Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105562. [PMID: 35628369 PMCID: PMC9146040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the excess energy intake, which is a result of a high fat and high carbohydrate diet, dysfunction of energy balance leads to metabolic disorders such as obesity and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since obesity can be a risk factor for various diseases, including T2DM, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, novel prevention and treatment are expected. Moreover, host diseases linked to metabolic disorders are associated with changes in gut microbiota profile. Gut microbiota is affected by diet, and nutrients are used as substrates by gut microbiota for produced metabolites, such as short-chain and long-chain fatty acids, that may modulate host energy homeostasis. These free fatty acids are not only essential energy sources but also signaling molecules via G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Some GPCRs are critical for metabolic functions, such as hormone secretion and immune function in various types of cells and tissues and contribute to energy homeostasis. The current studies have shown that GPCRs for gut microbial metabolites improved host energy homeostasis and systemic metabolic disorders. Here, we will review the association between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy homeostasis.
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93
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Petermann AB, Reyna-Jeldes M, Ortega L, Coddou C, Yévenes GE. Roles of the Unsaturated Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid in the Central Nervous System: Molecular and Cellular Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105390. [PMID: 35628201 PMCID: PMC9141004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are essential components of the central nervous system (CNS), where they exert multiple roles in health and disease. Among the FAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been widely recognized as a key molecule for neuronal function and cell signaling. Despite its relevance, the molecular pathways underlying the beneficial effects of DHA on the cells of the CNS are still unclear. Here, we summarize and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of DHA in neural cells with a special focus on processes of survival, morphological development, and synaptic maturation. In addition, we examine the evidence supporting a potential therapeutic role of DHA against CNS tumor diseases and tumorigenesis. The current results suggest that DHA exerts its actions on neural cells mainly through the modulation of signaling cascades involving the activation of diverse types of receptors. In addition, we found evidence connecting brain DHA and ω-3 PUFA levels with CNS diseases, such as depression, autism spectrum disorders, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the context of cancer, the existing data have shown that DHA exerts positive actions as a coadjuvant in antitumoral therapy. Although many questions in the field remain only partially resolved, we hope that future research may soon define specific pathways and receptor systems involved in the beneficial effects of DHA in cells of the CNS, opening new avenues for innovative therapeutic strategies for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Petermann
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.R.-J.); (L.O.)
| | - Mauricio Reyna-Jeldes
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.R.-J.); (L.O.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a Nivel Básico, Aplicado y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
| | - Lorena Ortega
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.R.-J.); (L.O.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a Nivel Básico, Aplicado y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
| | - Claudio Coddou
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.R.-J.); (L.O.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a Nivel Básico, Aplicado y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (G.E.Y.)
| | - Gonzalo E. Yévenes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.R.-J.); (L.O.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (G.E.Y.)
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94
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Morriseau TS, Doucette CA, Dolinsky VW. More than meets the islet: aligning nutrient and paracrine inputs with hormone secretion in health and disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E446-E463. [PMID: 35373587 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00411.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic islet is responsive to an array of endocrine, paracrine, and nutritional inputs that adjust hormone secretion to ensure accurate control of glucose homeostasis. Although the mechanisms governing glucose-coupled insulin secretion have received the most attention, there is emerging evidence for a multitude of physiological signaling pathways and paracrine networks that collectively regulate insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin release. Moreover, the modulation of these pathways in conditions of glucotoxicity or lipotoxicity are areas of both growing interest and controversy. In this review, the contributions of external, intrinsic, and paracrine factors in pancreatic β-, α-, and δ-cell secretion across the full spectrum of physiological (i.e., fasting and fed) and pathophysiological (gluco- and lipotoxicity; diabetes) environments will be critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor S Morriseau
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Christine A Doucette
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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95
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Ježek P, Holendová B, Jabůrek M, Dlasková A, Plecitá-Hlavatá L. Contribution of Mitochondria to Insulin Secretion by Various Secretagogues. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:920-952. [PMID: 34180254 PMCID: PMC9125579 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Mitochondria determine glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic β-cells by elevating ATP synthesis. As the metabolic and redox hub, mitochondria provide numerous links to the plasma membrane channels, insulin granule vesicles (IGVs), cell redox, NADH, NADPH, and Ca2+ homeostasis, all affecting insulin secretion. Recent Advances: Mitochondrial redox signaling was implicated in several modes of insulin secretion (branched-chain ketoacid [BCKA]-, fatty acid [FA]-stimulated). Mitochondrial Ca2+ influx was found to enhance GSIS, reflecting cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations induced by action potential spikes (intermittent opening of voltage-dependent Ca2+ and K+ channels) or the superimposed Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) was reported to tune the glucose sensitivity range for GSIS. Mitochondrial protein kinase A was implicated in preventing the IF1-mediated inhibition of the ATP synthase. Critical Issues: It is unknown how the redox signal spreads up to the plasma membrane and what its targets are, what the differences in metabolic, redox, NADH/NADPH, and Ca2+ signaling, and homeostasis are between the first and second GSIS phase, and whether mitochondria can replace ER in the amplification of IGV exocytosis. Future Directions: Metabolomics studies performed to distinguish between the mitochondrial matrix and cytosolic metabolites will elucidate further details. Identifying the targets of cell signaling into mitochondria and of mitochondrial retrograde metabolic and redox signals to the cell will uncover further molecular mechanisms for insulin secretion stimulated by glucose, BCKAs, and FAs, and the amplification of secretion by glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and metabotropic receptors. They will identify the distinction between the hub β-cells and their followers in intact and diabetic states. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 920-952.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ježek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Holendová
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Jabůrek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dlasková
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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96
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Thor D. G protein-coupled receptors as regulators of pancreatic islet functionality. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119235. [PMID: 35151663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is maintained by hormones secreted from different types of pancreatic islets and its dysregulation can result in diseases including diabetes mellitus. The secretion of hormones from pancreatic islets is highly complex and tightly controlled by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Moreover, GPCR signaling may play a role in enhancing islet cell replication and proliferation. Thus, targeting GPCRs offers a promising strategy for regulating the functionality of pancreatic islets. Here, available RNAseq datasets from human and mouse islets were used to identify the GPCR expression profile and the impact of GPCR signaling for normal islet functionality is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Thor
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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97
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Kim JW, Roh E, Choi KM, Yoo HJ, Hwang HJ, Baik SH. GPR40 Agonism Modulates Inflammatory Reactions in Vascular Endothelial Cells. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:506-511. [PMID: 35067013 PMCID: PMC9171169 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is strongly linked with inflammatory responses, which can impact cardiovascular disease. Recently, G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) has been investigated as a modulator of metabolic stress; however, the function of GPR40 in vascular endothelial cells has not been reported. We analyzed whether treatment of GPR40-specific agonists modulated the inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treatment with LY2922470, a GPR40 agonist, significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation and movement into the nucleus from the cytosol. However, treatment with another GPR40 agonist, TAK875, did not inhibit LPS-induced NF-κB activation. LPS treatment induced expression of adhesion molecules vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and attachment of THP-1 cells to HUVECs, which were all decreased by LY2922470 but not TAK875. Our results showed that ligand-dependent agonism of GPR40 is a promising therapeutic target for overcoming inflammatory reactions in the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Won Kim
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Roh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwan-Jin Hwang
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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98
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Hoyeck MP, Matteo G, MacFarlane EM, Perera I, Bruin JE. Persistent organic pollutants and β-cell toxicity: a comprehensive review. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E383-E413. [PMID: 35156417 PMCID: PMC9394781 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00358.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a diverse family of contaminants that show widespread global dispersion and bioaccumulation. Humans are continuously exposed to POPs through diet, air particles, and household and commercial products; POPs are consistently detected in human tissues, including the pancreas. Epidemiological studies show a modest but consistent correlation between exposure to POPs and increased diabetes risk. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of epidemiological evidence and an in-depth evaluation of the in vivo and in vitro evidence that POPs cause β-cell toxicity. We review evidence for six classes of POPs: dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), flame retardants, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The available data provide convincing evidence implicating POPs as a contributing factor driving impaired glucose homeostasis, β-cell dysfunction, and altered metabolic and oxidative stress pathways in islets. These findings support epidemiological data showing that POPs increase diabetes risk and emphasize the need to consider the endocrine pancreas in toxicity assessments. Our review also highlights significant gaps in the literature assessing islet-specific endpoints after both in vivo and in vitro POP exposure. In addition, most rodent studies do not consider the impact of biological sex or secondary metabolic stressors in mediating the effects of POPs on glucose homeostasis and β-cell function. We discuss key gaps and limitations that should be assessed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam P Hoyeck
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geronimo Matteo
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin M MacFarlane
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ineli Perera
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Bruin
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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99
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Plin5, a New Target in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2122856. [PMID: 35509833 PMCID: PMC9060988 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2122856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal lipid accumulation is commonly observed in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC), which can create a lipotoxic microenvironment and damage cardiomyocytes. Lipid toxicity is an important pathogenic factor due to abnormal lipid accumulation in DC. As a lipid droplet (LD) decomposition barrier, Plin5 can protect LDs from lipase decomposition and regulate lipid metabolism, which is involved in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, studies have shown that Plin5 expression is involved in the pathogenesis of DC lipid toxicity, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and insulin resistance (IR) and has become a key target of DC research. Therefore, understanding the relationship between Plin5 and DC progression as well as the mechanism of this process is crucial for developing new therapeutic approaches and exploring new therapeutic targets. This review is aimed at exploring the latest findings and roles of Plin5 in lipid metabolism and DC-related pathogenesis, to explore possible clinical intervention approaches.
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100
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Obesity-induced elevated palmitic acid promotes inflammation and glucose metabolism disorders through GPRs/NF-κB/KLF7 pathway. Nutr Diabetes 2022; 12:23. [PMID: 35443706 PMCID: PMC9021212 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-022-00202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Our previous results have shown that obesity-induced excessive palmitic acid (PA) can promote the expression of KLF7, which plays a vital role in regulation of inflammation, glucose metabolism. But the exact mechanism of PA up-regulating the expression of KLF7 is not clear yet. This study is intend to explore whether PA promoting KLF7 expression through GPRs/NF-κB signaling pathway, causing inflammation and glucose metabolism disorders. Methods Cells were blocked GPRs/NF-κB under PA stimulation in vitro to demonstrate the molecular mechanism of PA up-regulates KLF7 expression. The regulatory effect of p65 on KLF7 was detected by luciferase reporter gene assay. Blocking GPRs/NF-κB in diet-induced obesity mice to detect the expression of KLF7, inflammatory cytokines and glucose metabolism related factors, clarifying the effects of GPRs/NF-κB on KLF7 in vivo. Results In 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 cells, PA could up-regulate the expression of KLF7 by promoting the GPR40/120-NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to inflammation and reduced glucose consumption (p < 0.05 for both). Luciferase reporter gene assay and ChIP assay showed that p65 could transcriptionally up-regulates the expression of KLF7. In high-fat diet (HFD) mice, after intraperitoneal injection of GPR40 or GPR120 blocker, the levels of p-p65 and KLF7 in epididymal white adipose tissue and liver were significantly decreased (p < 0.05 for both). Pharmacological inhibition of p-p65 significantly attenuated KLF7 expression and improved glucose tolerant and insulin sensitive (p < 0.05 for both). Conclusions Our results indicate that obesity-induced elevated palmitic acid promotes inflammation and glucose metabolism disorders through GPRs/NF-κB/KLF7 signaling pathway.
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