51
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Kato T, Jenkins RP, Derzsi S, Tozluoglu M, Rullan A, Hooper S, Chaleil RAG, Joyce H, Fu X, Thavaraj S, Bates PA, Sahai E. Interplay of adherens junctions and matrix proteolysis determines the invasive pattern and growth of squamous cell carcinoma. eLife 2023; 12:e76520. [PMID: 36892272 PMCID: PMC9998089 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers, such as squamous cell carcinoma, frequently invade as multicellular units. However, these invading units can be organised in a variety of ways, ranging from thin discontinuous strands to thick 'pushing' collectives. Here we employ an integrated experimental and computational approach to identify the factors that determine the mode of collective cancer cell invasion. We find that matrix proteolysis is linked to the formation of wide strands but has little effect on the maximum extent of invasion. Cell-cell junctions also favour wide strands, but our analysis also reveals a requirement for cell-cell junctions for efficient invasion in response to uniform directional cues. Unexpectedly, the ability to generate wide invasive strands is coupled to the ability to grow effectively when surrounded by extracellular matrix in three-dimensional assays. Combinatorial perturbation of both matrix proteolysis and cell-cell adhesion demonstrates that the most aggressive cancer behaviour, both in terms of invasion and growth, is achieved at high levels of cell-cell adhesion and high levels of proteolysis. Contrary to expectation, cells with canonical mesenchymal traits - no cell-cell junctions and high proteolysis - exhibit reduced growth and lymph node metastasis. Thus, we conclude that the ability of squamous cell carcinoma cells to invade effectively is also linked to their ability to generate space for proliferation in confined contexts. These data provide an explanation for the apparent advantage of retaining cell-cell junctions in squamous cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kato
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Robert P Jenkins
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Stefanie Derzsi
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Hoffman La-RocheBaselSwitzerland
| | - Melda Tozluoglu
- Biomolecular Modelling Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Antonio Rullan
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Steven Hooper
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Raphaël AG Chaleil
- Biomolecular Modelling Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Holly Joyce
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Xiao Fu
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Biomolecular Modelling Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Selvam Thavaraj
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul A Bates
- Biomolecular Modelling Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Erik Sahai
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
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52
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Sponsel J, Guo Y, Hamzam L, Lavanant AC, Pérez-Riverón A, Partiot E, Muller Q, Rottura J, Gaudin R, Hauck D, Titz A, Flacher V, Römer W, Mueller CG. Pseudomonas aeruginosa LecB suppresses immune responses by inhibiting transendothelial migration. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55971. [PMID: 36856136 PMCID: PMC10074054 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium causing morbidity and mortality in immuno-compromised humans. It produces a lectin, LecB, that is considered a major virulence factor, however, its impact on the immune system remains incompletely understood. Here we show that LecB binds to endothelial cells in human skin and mice and disrupts the transendothelial passage of leukocytes in vitro. It impairs the migration of dendritic cells into the paracortex of lymph nodes leading to a reduced antigen-specific T cell response. Under the effect of the lectin, endothelial cells undergo profound cellular changes resulting in endocytosis and degradation of the junctional protein VE-cadherin, formation of an actin rim, and arrested cell motility. This likely negatively impacts the capacity of endothelial cells to respond to extracellular stimuli and to generate the intercellular gaps for allowing leukocyte diapedesis. A LecB inhibitor can restore dendritic cell migration and T cell activation, underlining the importance of LecB antagonism to reactivate the immune response against P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Sponsel
- CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yubing Guo
- CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lutfir Hamzam
- CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alice C Lavanant
- CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Emma Partiot
- CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Quentin Muller
- CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoire BIOTIS, Inserm U1026, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Rottura
- CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Raphael Gaudin
- CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dirk Hauck
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Vincent Flacher
- CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Winfried Römer
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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53
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Shao N, Zhou Y, Yao J, Zhang P, Song Y, Zhang K, Han X, Wang B, Liu X. A Bidirectional Single-Cell Migration and Retrieval Chip for Quantitative Study of Dendritic Cell Migration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204544. [PMID: 36658690 PMCID: PMC10015900 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) migration is a fundamental step during execution of its adaptive immunity functions. Studying DC migration characteristics is critical for development of DC-dependent allergy treatments, vaccines, and cancer immunotherapies. Here, a microfluidics-based single-cell migration platform is described that enables high-throughput and precise bidirectional cell migration assays. It also allows selective retrieval of cell subpopulations that have different migratory potentials. Using this microfluidic platform, DC migration is investigated in response to different chemoattractants and inhibitors, quantitatively describe DC migration patterns and retrieve DC subpopulations of different migratory potentials for differential gene expression analysis. This platform opens an avenue for precise characterization of cell migration and potential discovery of therapeutic modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Shao
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Yufu Zhou
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
- The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410008P. R. China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Pengchao Zhang
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
- Present address:
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070P. R. China
| | - Yanni Song
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
- Department of Breast SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbin150081P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Xin Han
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
- Present address:
School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of GeneticsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
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54
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Abstract
Non-muscle myosin 2 (NM2) motors are the major contractile machines in most cell types. Unsurprisingly, these ubiquitously expressed actin-based motors power a plethora of subcellular, cellular and multicellular processes. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we review the biochemical properties and mechanisms of regulation of this myosin. We highlight the central role of NM2 in multiple fundamental cellular processes, which include cell migration, cytokinesis, epithelial barrier function and tissue morphogenesis. In addition, we highlight recent studies using advanced imaging technologies that have revealed aspects of NM2 assembly hitherto inaccessible. This article will hopefully appeal to both cytoskeletal enthusiasts and investigators from outside the cytoskeleton field who have interests in one of the many basic cellular processes requiring actomyosin force production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Quintanilla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60525, USA
| | - John A. Hammer
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jordan R. Beach
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60525, USA
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55
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Hamouda AEI, Schalla C, Sechi A, Zenke M, Schneider-Kramann R, Hieronymus T. Met-signaling Controls Dendritic Cell Migration in Skin by Regulating Podosome Formation and Function. J Invest Dermatol 2023:S0022-202X(23)00100-8. [PMID: 36813160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Signaling through the HGF receptor/Met in skin-resident Langerhans cells (LC) and dermal dendritic cells (dDC) is essential for their emigration toward draining lymph nodes upon inflammation-induced activation. Here, we addressed the role of Met-signaling in distinct steps of LC/dDC emigration from the skin by employing a conditional Met-deficient mouse model (Metflox/flox). We found that Met deficiency severely impaired podosome formation in DC and concomitantly decreased the proteolytic degradation of gelatin. Accordingly, Met-deficient LC failed to efficiently cross the extracellular matrix (ECM)-rich basement membrane between the epidermis and dermis. We further observed that HGF-dependent Met activation reduced the adhesion of bone marrow-derived LC to various ECM factors and enhanced the motility of DC in 3D collagen matrices, which was not the case for Met-deficient LC/DC. We found no impact of Met-signaling on the integrin-independent amoeboid migration of DC in response to the c-c chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) ligand CCL19. Collectively, our data show that the Met-signaling pathway regulates the migratory properties of DC in HGF-dependent and HGF-independent manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E I Hamouda
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carmen Schalla
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cell and Tumor Biology, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Antonio Sechi
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cell and Tumor Biology, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine IV, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebekka Schneider-Kramann
- Institute for Cell and Tumor Biology, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hieronymus
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cell and Tumor Biology, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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56
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Engineering Hydrogels for Modulation of Dendritic Cell Function. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020116. [PMID: 36826287 PMCID: PMC9957133 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen-presenting cells, are necessary for the effective activation of naïve T cells. DCs encounter numerous microenvironments with different biophysical properties, such as stiffness and viscoelasticity. Considering the emerging importance of mechanical cues for DC function, it is essential to understand the impacts of these cues on DC function in a physiological or pathological context. Engineered hydrogels have gained interest for the exploration of the impacts of biophysical matrix cues on DC functions, owing to their extracellular-matrix-mimetic properties, such as high water content, a sponge-like pore structure, and tunable mechanical properties. In this review, the introduction of gelation mechanisms of hydrogels is first summarized. Then, recent advances in the substantial effects of developing hydrogels on DC function are highlighted, and the potential molecular mechanisms are subsequently discussed. Finally, persisting questions and future perspectives are presented.
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57
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Extended Methods for 2D Confinement. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2608:63-81. [PMID: 36653702 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Physical confinement in microfluidic devices has become a common technique to induce and study cell migration in a large range of cell types. Confined migration was previously understudied due to the limitations of 2D migration assays but has emerged as an important mode of migration in the past decade. Furthermore, confinement improves the quality of the imaging and simplifies the analysis of trajectories by confining migration to the plane of acquisition. Protocols described in this chapter relate to methods extending the previously published 2D confinement technique. First, we explain a method to increase the complexity of the confinement chamber by microfabricating nanometer-sized PDMS grooves on the bottom surface, usually used for contact guidance studies. Then, we describe a method to perform the confinement on cells embedded inside a μm-thin 3D collagen gel. Finally, we describe an alternative method to confine cells based on agarose, so that cells can be fixed or drug perfused while being confined, which is currently not possible in the 2D confinement silicone-based device.
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58
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George S, Martin JAJ, Graziani V, Sanz-Moreno V. Amoeboid migration in health and disease: Immune responses versus cancer dissemination. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1091801. [PMID: 36699013 PMCID: PMC9869768 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1091801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is crucial for efficient immune responses and is aberrantly used by cancer cells during metastatic dissemination. Amoeboid migrating cells use myosin II-powered blebs to propel themselves, and change morphology and direction. Immune cells use amoeboid strategies to respond rapidly to infection or tissue damage, which require quick passage through several barriers, including blood, lymph and interstitial tissues, with complex and varied environments. Amoeboid migration is also used by metastatic cancer cells to aid their migration, dissemination and survival, whereby key mechanisms are hijacked from professionally motile immune cells. We explore important parallels observed between amoeboid immune and cancer cells. We also consider key distinctions that separate the lifespan, state and fate of these cell types as they migrate and/or fulfil their function. Finally, we reflect on unexplored areas of research that would enhance our understanding of how tumour cells use immune cell strategies during metastasis, and how to target these processes.
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59
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Mao BH, Nguyen Thi KM, Tang MJ, Kamm RD, Tu TY. The interface stiffness and topographic feature dictate interfacial invasiveness of cancer spheroids. Biofabrication 2023; 15. [PMID: 36594698 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acaa00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During cancer metastasis, tumor cells likely navigate, in a collective manner, discrete tissue spaces comprising inherently heterogeneous extracellular matrix microstructures where interfaces may be frequently encountered. Studies have shown that cell migration modes can be determined by adaptation to mechanical/topographic cues from interfacial microenvironments. However, less attention has been paid to exploring the impact of interfacial mechnochemical attributes on invasive and metastatic behaviors of tumor aggregates. Here, we excogitated a collagen matrix-solid substrate interface platform to investigate the afore-stated interesting issue. Our data revealed that stiffer interfaces stimulated spheroid outgrowth by motivating detachment of single cells and boosting their motility and velocity. However, stronger interfacial adhesive strength between matrix and substrate led to the opposite outcomes. Besides, this interfacial parameter also affected the morphological switch between migration modes of the detached cells and their directionality. Mechanistically, myosin II-mediated cell contraction, compared to matrix metalloproteinases-driven collagen degradation, was shown to play a more crucial role in the invasive outgrowth of tumor spheroids in interfacial microenvironments. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of heterogeneous interfaces in addressing and combating cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Hsu Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Kim Mai Nguyen Thi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Tang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.,International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Ting-Yuan Tu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.,International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
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60
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Pineau J, Moreau H, Duménil AML, Pierobon P. Polarity in immune cells. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 154:197-222. [PMID: 37100518 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells are responsible for pathogen detection and elimination, as well as for signaling to other cells the presence of potential danger. In order to mount an efficient immune response, they need to move and search for a pathogen, interact with other cells, and diversify the population by asymmetric cell division. All these actions are regulated by cell polarity: cell polarity controls cell motility, which is crucial for scanning peripheral tissues to detect pathogens, and recruiting immune cells to sites of infection; immune cells, in particular lymphocytes, communicate with each other by a direct contact called immunological synapse, which entails a global polarization of the cell and plays a role in activating lymphocyte response; finally, immune cells divide asymmetrically from a precursor, generating a diversity of phenotypes and cell types among daughter cells, such as memory and effector cells. This review aims at providing an overview from both biology and physics perspectives of how cell polarity shapes the main immune cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Pineau
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, Cedex, France; Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Moreau
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, Cedex, France
| | | | - Paolo Pierobon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, Cedex, France.
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61
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Wang Y, Zhu CL, Li P, Liu Q, Li HR, Yu CM, Deng XM, Wang JF. The role of G protein-coupled receptor in neutrophil dysfunction during sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112196. [PMID: 36891309 PMCID: PMC9986442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection. It is a common and complex syndrome and is the leading cause of death in intensive care units. The lungs are most vulnerable to the challenge of sepsis, and the incidence of respiratory dysfunction has been reported to be up to 70%, in which neutrophils play a major role. Neutrophils are the first line of defense against infection, and they are regarded as the most responsive cells in sepsis. Normally, neutrophils recognize chemokines including the bacterial product N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), complement 5a (C5a), and lipid molecules Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), and enter the site of infection through mobilization, rolling, adhesion, migration, and chemotaxis. However, numerous studies have confirmed that despite the high levels of chemokines in septic patients and mice at the site of infection, the neutrophils cannot migrate to the proper target location, but instead they accumulate in the lungs, releasing histones, DNA, and proteases that mediate tissue damage and induce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This is closely related to impaired neutrophil migration in sepsis, but the mechanism involved is still unclear. Many studies have shown that chemokine receptor dysregulation is an important cause of impaired neutrophil migration, and the vast majority of these chemokine receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this review, we summarize the signaling pathways by which neutrophil GPCR regulates chemotaxis and the mechanisms by which abnormal GPCR function in sepsis leads to impaired neutrophil chemotaxis, which can further cause ARDS. Several potential targets for intervention are proposed to improve neutrophil chemotaxis, and we hope that this review may provide insights for clinical practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Long Zhu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Ru Li
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Faculty of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chang-Meng Yu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Deng
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Faculty of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-Feng Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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62
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Xiao Q, Xia Y. Insights into dendritic cell maturation during infection with application of advanced imaging techniques. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1140765. [PMID: 36936763 PMCID: PMC10018208 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1140765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for the initiation and regulation of adaptive immune responses. When encountering immune stimulus such as bacterial and viral infection, parasite invasion and dead cell debris, DCs capture antigens, mature, acquire immunostimulatory activity and transmit the immune information to naïve T cells. Then activated cytotoxic CD8+ T cells directly kill the infected cells, while CD4+ T helper cells release cytokines to aid the activity of other immune cells, and help B cells produce antibodies. Thus, detailed insights into the DC maturation process are necessary for us to understand the working principle of immune system, and develop new medical treatments for infection, cancer and autoimmune disease. This review summarizes the DC maturation process, including environment sensing and antigen sampling by resting DCs, antigen processing and presentation on the cell surface, DC migration, DC-T cell interaction and T cell activation. Application of advanced imaging modalities allows visualization of subcellular and molecular processes in a super-high resolution. The spatiotemporal tracking of DCs position and migration reveals dynamics of DC behavior during infection, shedding novel lights on DC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xiao
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies Under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Xiao,
| | - Yuxian Xia
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies Under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, China
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63
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Abstract
Immune responses are governed by signals from the tissue microenvironment, and in addition to biochemical signals, mechanical cues and forces arising from the tissue, its extracellular matrix and its constituent cells shape immune cell function. Indeed, changes in biophysical properties of tissue alter the mechanical signals experienced by cells in many disease conditions, in inflammatory states and in the context of ageing. These mechanical cues are converted into biochemical signals through the process of mechanotransduction, and multiple pathways of mechanotransduction have been identified in immune cells. Such pathways impact important cellular functions including cell activation, cytokine production, metabolism, proliferation and trafficking. Changes in tissue mechanics may also represent a new form of 'danger signal' that alerts the innate and adaptive immune systems to the possibility of injury or infection. Tissue mechanics can change temporally during an infection or inflammatory response, offering a novel layer of dynamic immune regulation. Here, we review the emerging field of mechanoimmunology, focusing on how mechanical cues at the scale of the tissue environment regulate immune cell behaviours to initiate, propagate and resolve the immune response.
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64
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Soliman AM, Barreda DR. Acute Inflammation in Tissue Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010641. [PMID: 36614083 PMCID: PMC9820461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There are well-established links between acute inflammation and successful tissue repair across evolution. Innate immune reactions contribute significantly to pathogen clearance and activation of subsequent reparative events. A network of molecular and cellular regulators supports antimicrobial and tissue repair functions throughout the healing process. A delicate balance must be achieved between protection and the potential for collateral tissue damage associated with overt inflammation. In this review, we summarize the contributions of key cellular and molecular components to the acute inflammatory process and the effective and timely transition toward activation of tissue repair mechanisms. We further discuss how the disruption of inflammatory responses ultimately results in chronic non-healing injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro M. Soliman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Daniel R. Barreda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(780)492-0375
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65
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Pawluchin A, Galic M. Moving through a changing world: Single cell migration in 2D vs. 3D. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1080995. [PMID: 36605722 PMCID: PMC9810339 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1080995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration of single adherent cells is frequently observed in the developing and adult organism and has been the subject of many studies. Yet, while elegant work has elucidated molecular and mechanical cues affecting motion dynamics on a flat surface, it remains less clear how cells migrate in a 3D setting. In this review, we explore the changing parameters encountered by cells navigating through a 3D microenvironment compared to cells crawling on top of a 2D surface, and how these differences alter subcellular structures required for propulsion. We further discuss how such changes at the micro-scale impact motion pattern at the macro-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pawluchin
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, Münster, Germany,CIM-IMRPS Graduate Program, Münster, Germany
| | - Milos Galic
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, Münster, Germany,*Correspondence: Milos Galic,
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66
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Sadjadi Z, Vesperini D, Laurent AM, Barnefske L, Terriac E, Lautenschläger F, Rieger H. Ameboid cell migration through regular arrays of micropillars under confinement. Biophys J 2022; 121:4615-4623. [PMID: 36303426 PMCID: PMC9748361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Migrating cells often encounter a wide variety of topographic features-including the presence of obstacles-when navigating through crowded biological environments. Unraveling the impact of topography and crowding on the dynamics of cells is key to better understand many essential physiological processes such as the immune response. We study the impact of geometrical cues on ameboid migration of HL-60 cells differentiated into neutrophils. A microfluidic device is designed to track the cells in confining geometries between two parallel plates with distance h, in which identical micropillars are arranged in regular pillar forests with pillar spacing e. We observe that the cells are temporarily captured near pillars, with a mean contact time that is independent of h and e. By decreasing the vertical confinement h, we find that the cell velocity is not affected, while the persistence reduces; thus, cells are able to preserve their velocity when highly squeezed but lose the ability to control their direction of motion. At a given h, we show that by decreasing the pillar spacing e in the weak lateral confinement regime, the mean escape time of cells from effective local traps between neighboring pillars grows. This effect, together with the increase of cell-pillar contact frequency, leads to the reduction of diffusion constant D. By disentangling the contributions of these two effects on D in numerical simulations, we verify that the impact of cell-pillar contacts on cell diffusivity is more pronounced at smaller pillar spacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Sadjadi
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Centre for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Doriane Vesperini
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Annalena M Laurent
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lena Barnefske
- Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Terriac
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Centre for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Heiko Rieger
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Centre for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
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67
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Stotsky JA, Othmer HG. The effects of internal forces and membrane heterogeneity on three-dimensional cell shapes. J Math Biol 2022; 86:1. [PMID: 36427179 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-022-01836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The shape of cells and the control thereof plays a central role in a variety of cellular processes, including endo- and exocytosis, cell division and cell movement. Intra- and extracellular forces control the shapes, and while the shape changes in some processes such as exocytosis are intracellularly-controlled and localized in the cell, movement requires force transmission to the environment, and the feedback from it can affect the cell shape and mode of movement used. The shape of a cell is determined by its cytoskeleton (CSK), and thus shape changes involved in various processes involve controlled remodeling of the CSK. While much is known about individual components involved in these processes, an integrated understanding of how intra- and extracellular signals are coupled to the control of the mechanical changes involved is not at hand for any of them. As a first step toward understanding the interaction between intracellular forces imposed on the membrane and cell shape, we investigate the role of distributed surrogates for cortical forces in producing the observed three-dimensional shapes. We show how different balances of applied forces lead to such shapes, that there are different routes to the same end state, and that state transitions between axisymmetric shapes need not all be axisymmetric. Examples of the force distributions that lead to protrusions are given, and the shape changes induced by adhesion of a cell to a surface are studied. The results provide a reference framework for developing detailed models of intracellular force distributions observed experimentally, and provide a basis for studying how movement of a cell in a tissue or fluid is influenced by its shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Stotsky
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 100190, USA.
| | - Hans G Othmer
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 100190, USA
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68
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Lee M, Du H, Winer DA, Clemente-Casares X, Tsai S. Mechanosensing in macrophages and dendritic cells in steady-state and disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1044729. [PMID: 36467420 PMCID: PMC9712790 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1044729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and dendritic cells are myeloid cells that play critical roles in immune responses. Macrophages help to maintain homeostasis through tissue regeneration and the clearance of dead cells, but also mediate inflammatory processes against invading pathogens. As the most potent antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells are important in connecting innate to adaptive immune responses via activation of T cells, and inducing tolerance under physiological conditions. While it is known that macrophages and dendritic cells respond to biochemical cues in the microenvironment, the role of extracellular mechanical stimuli is becoming increasingly apparent. Immune cell mechanotransduction is an emerging field, where accumulating evidence suggests a role for extracellular physical cues coming from tissue stiffness in promoting immune cell recruitment, activation, metabolism and inflammatory function. Additionally, many diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cirrhosis are associated with changes to the tissue biophysical environment. This review will discuss current knowledge about the effects of biophysical cues including matrix stiffness, topography, and mechanical forces on macrophage and dendritic cell behavior under steady-state and pathophysiological conditions. In addition, we will also provide insight on molecular mediators and signaling pathways important in macrophage and dendritic cell mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Huixun Du
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel A. Winer
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Xavier Clemente-Casares
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sue Tsai
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Sue Tsai,
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69
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Rodríguez-Fernández JL, Criado-García O. A meta-analysis indicates that the regulation of cell motility is a non-intrinsic function of chemoattractant receptors that is governed independently of directional sensing. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1001086. [PMID: 36341452 PMCID: PMC9630654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoattraction, defined as the migration of a cell toward a source of a chemical gradient, is controlled by chemoattractant receptors. Chemoattraction involves two basic activities, namely, directional sensing, a molecular mechanism that detects the direction of a source of chemoattractant, and actin-based motility, which allows the migration of a cell towards it. Current models assume first, that chemoattractant receptors govern both directional sensing and motility (most commonly inducing an increase in the migratory speed of the cells, i.e. chemokinesis), and, second, that the signaling pathways controlling both activities are intertwined. We performed a meta-analysis to reassess these two points. From this study emerge two main findings. First, although many chemoattractant receptors govern directional sensing, there are also receptors that do not regulate cell motility, suggesting that is the ability to control directional sensing, not motility, that best defines a chemoattractant receptor. Second, multiple experimental data suggest that receptor-controlled directional sensing and motility can be controlled independently. We hypothesize that this independence may be based on the existence of separated signalling modules that selectively govern directional sensing and motility in chemotactic cells. Together, the information gathered can be useful to update current models representing the signalling from chemoattractant receptors. The new models may facilitate the development of strategies for a more effective pharmacological modulation of chemoattractant receptor-controlled chemoattraction in health and disease.
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70
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Shaebani MR, Stankevicins L, Vesperini D, Urbanska M, Flormann DAD, Terriac E, Gad AKB, Cheng F, Eriksson JE, Lautenschläger F. Effects of vimentin on the migration, search efficiency, and mechanical resilience of dendritic cells. Biophys J 2022; 121:3950-3961. [PMID: 36056556 PMCID: PMC9675030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells use amoeboid migration to pass through narrow passages in the extracellular matrix and confined tissue in search for pathogens and to reach the lymph nodes and alert the immune system. Amoeboid migration is a migration mode that, instead of relying on cell adhesion, is based on mechanical resilience and friction. To better understand the role of intermediate filaments in ameboid migration, we studied the effects of vimentin on the migration of dendritic cells. We show that the lymph node homing of vimentin-deficient cells is reduced in our in vivo experiments in mice. Lack of vimentin also reduces the cell stiffness, the number of migrating cells, and the migration speed in vitro in both 1D and 2D confined environments. Moreover, we find that lack of vimentin weakens the correlation between directional persistence and migration speed. Thus, vimentin-expressing dendritic cells move faster in straighter lines. Our numerical simulations of persistent random search in confined geometries verify that the reduced migration speed and the weaker correlation between the speed and direction of motion result in longer search times to find regularly located targets. Together, these observations show that vimentin enhances the ameboid migration of dendritic cells, which is relevant for the efficiency of their random search for pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reza Shaebani
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Centre for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Luiza Stankevicins
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Doriane Vesperini
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marta Urbanska
- Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel A D Flormann
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Terriac
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Annica K B Gad
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Fang Cheng
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - John E Eriksson
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Centre for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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71
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Weier AK, Homrich M, Ebbinghaus S, Juda P, Miková E, Hauschild R, Zhang L, Quast T, Mass E, Schlitzer A, Kolanus W, Burgdorf S, Gruß OJ, Hons M, Wieser S, Kiermaier E. Multiple centrosomes enhance migration and immune cell effector functions of mature dendritic cells. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213533. [PMID: 36214847 PMCID: PMC9555069 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202107134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes play a crucial role during immune cell interactions and initiation of the immune response. In proliferating cells, centrosome numbers are tightly controlled and generally limited to one in G1 and two prior to mitosis. Defects in regulating centrosome numbers have been associated with cell transformation and tumorigenesis. Here, we report the emergence of extra centrosomes in leukocytes during immune activation. Upon antigen encounter, dendritic cells pass through incomplete mitosis and arrest in the subsequent G1 phase leading to tetraploid cells with accumulated centrosomes. In addition, cell stimulation increases expression of polo-like kinase 2, resulting in diploid cells with two centrosomes in G1-arrested cells. During cell migration, centrosomes tightly cluster and act as functional microtubule-organizing centers allowing for increased persistent locomotion along gradients of chemotactic cues. Moreover, dendritic cells with extra centrosomes display enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines and optimized T cell responses. Together, these results demonstrate a previously unappreciated role of extra centrosomes for regular cell and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Weier
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Immune and Tumor Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mirka Homrich
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Immune and Tumor Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ebbinghaus
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Immune and Tumor Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pavel Juda
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Miková
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Hauschild
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Lili Zhang
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Quantitative Systems Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elvira Mass
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Developmental Biology of the Immune System, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlitzer
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Quantitative Systems Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Burgdorf
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Cellular Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver J. Gruß
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Miroslav Hons
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Wieser
- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Eva Kiermaier
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Immune and Tumor Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Correspondence to Eva Kiermaier:
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72
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Faisal SM, Comba A, Varela ML, Argento AE, Brumley E, Abel C, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR. The complex interactions between the cellular and non-cellular components of the brain tumor microenvironmental landscape and their therapeutic implications. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1005069. [PMID: 36276147 PMCID: PMC9583158 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1005069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive high-grade glial tumor, is resistant to therapy and has a poor prognosis due to its universal recurrence rate. GBM cells interact with the non-cellular components in the tumor microenvironment (TME), facilitating their rapid growth, evolution, and invasion into the normal brain. Herein we discuss the complexity of the interactions between the cellular and non-cellular components of the TME and advances in the field as a whole. While the stroma of non-central nervous system (CNS) tissues is abundant in fibrillary collagens, laminins, and fibronectin, the normal brain extracellular matrix (ECM) predominantly includes proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans, with fibrillary components typically found only in association with the vasculature. However, recent studies have found that in GBMs, the microenvironment evolves into a more complex array of components, with upregulated collagen gene expression and aligned fibrillary ECM networks. The interactions of glioma cells with the ECM and the degradation of matrix barriers are crucial for both single-cell and collective invasion into neighboring brain tissue. ECM-regulated mechanisms also contribute to immune exclusion, resulting in a major challenge to immunotherapy delivery and efficacy. Glioma cells chemically and physically control the function of their environment, co-opting complex signaling networks for their own benefit, resulting in radio- and chemo-resistance, tumor recurrence, and cancer progression. Targeting these interactions is an attractive strategy for overcoming therapy resistance, and we will discuss recent advances in preclinical studies, current clinical trials, and potential future clinical applications. In this review, we also provide a comprehensive discussion of the complexities of the interconnected cellular and non-cellular components of the microenvironmental landscape of brain tumors to guide the development of safe and effective therapeutic strategies against brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M. Faisal
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Andrea Comba
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maria L. Varela
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Anna E. Argento
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Emily Brumley
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Clifford Abel
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Pedro R. Lowenstein,
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73
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Delgado M, Lennon-Duménil AM. How cell migration helps immune sentinels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:932472. [PMID: 36268510 PMCID: PMC9577558 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.932472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system relies on the migratory capacity of its cellular components, which must be mobile in order to defend the host from invading micro-organisms or malignant cells. This applies in particular to immune sentinels from the myeloid lineage, i.e. macrophages and dendritic cells. Cell migration is already at work during mammalian early development, when myeloid cell precursors migrate from the yolk sac, an extra embryonic structure, to colonize tissues and form the pool of tissue-resident macrophages. Later, this is accompanied by a migration wave of precursors and monocytes from the bone marrow to secondary lymphoid organs and the peripheral tissues. They differentiate into DCs and monocyte-derived macrophages. During adult life, cell migration endows immune cells with the ability to patrol their environment as well as to circulate between peripheral tissues and lymphoid organs. Hence migration of immune cells is key to building an efficient defense system for an organism. In this review, we will describe how cell migratory capacity regulates the various stages in the life of myeloid cells from development to tissue patrolling, and migration to lymph nodes. We will focus on the role of the actin cytoskeletal machinery and its regulators, and how it contributes to the establishment and function of the immune system.
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74
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Visweshwaran SP, Nayab H, Hoffmann L, Gil M, Liu F, Kühne R, Maritzen T. Ena/VASP proteins at the crossroads of actin nucleation pathways in dendritic cell migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1008898. [PMID: 36274843 PMCID: PMC9581539 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1008898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
As sentinels of our immune system dendritic cells (DCs) rely on efficient cell migration for patrolling peripheral tissues and delivering sampled antigens to secondary lymphoid organs for the activation of T-cells. Dynamic actin polymerization is key to their macropinocytic and migratory properties. Both major actin nucleation machineries, formins and the Arp2/3 complex, are critical for different aspects of DC functionality, by driving the generation of linear and branched actin filaments, respectively. However, the importance of a third group of actin nucleators, the Ena/VASP family, has not been addressed yet. Here, we show that the two family members Evl and VASP are expressed in murine DCs and that their loss negatively affects DC macropinocytosis, spreading, and migration. Our interactome analysis reveals Ena/VASP proteins to be ideally positioned for orchestrating the different actin nucleation pathways by binding to the formin mDia1 as well as to the WAVE regulatory complex, a stimulator of Arp2/3. In fact, Evl/VASP deficient murine DCs are more vulnerable to inhibition of Arp2/3 demonstrating that Ena/VASP proteins contribute to the robustness and efficiency of DC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hafiza Nayab
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lennart Hoffmann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marine Gil
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fan Liu
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronald Kühne
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Maritzen
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nanophysiology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tanja Maritzen,
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75
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Tamburini BAJ. Contributions of PD-L1 reverse signaling to dendritic cell trafficking. FEBS J 2022; 289:6256-6266. [PMID: 34146376 PMCID: PMC8684559 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) interactions are critical for dampening the immune response to both self and foreign antigens. The signaling of PD-L1 via its cytoplasmic domain, rather than through its interactions with PD-1 via the extracellular domain, has been termed PD-L1 reverse signaling. While this signaling is beneficial for cancer progression, little is understood about the consequences of PD-L1 reverse signaling in immune cells that express PD-L1 at steady state or in response to infection. Loss of PD-L1 during infection leads to unchecked T-cell proliferation and increased autoimmune T-cell responses. While the T-cell intrinsic role of PD-1 for inhibiting T-cell responses has been well explored, little to no effort has been directed at investigating the consequences of PD-L1 reverse signaling on the DCs interacting with PD-1+ T cells. We recently reported a defect in dendritic cell (DC) trafficking from the skin to the draining lymph node (LN) following immunization or infection in the absence of PD-L1. We demonstrated that a region within the cytoplasmic tail was responsible for the defect in DC trafficking. Here, we review the processes involved in DC trafficking and highlight what we know about PD-L1 expression, PD-L1 post-translational modifications, PD-L1 intracellular interactions, and PD-L1 extracellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Ann Jirón Tamburini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, CO, USA
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76
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Pagès DL, Dornier E, de Seze J, Gontran E, Maitra A, Maciejewski A, Wang L, Luan R, Cartry J, Canet-Jourdan C, Raingeaud J, Lemahieu G, Lebel M, Ducreux M, Gelli M, Scoazec JY, Coppey M, Voituriez R, Piel M, Jaulin F. Cell clusters adopt a collective amoeboid mode of migration in confined nonadhesive environments. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp8416. [PMID: 36179021 PMCID: PMC9524834 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp8416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is essential to living organisms and deregulated in cancer. Single cell's migration ranges from traction-dependent mesenchymal motility to contractility-driven propulsive amoeboid locomotion, but collective cell migration has only been described as a focal adhesion-dependent and traction-dependent process. Here, we show that cancer cell clusters, from patients and cell lines, migrate without focal adhesions when confined into nonadhesive microfabricated channels. Clusters coordinate and behave like giant super cells, mobilizing their actomyosin contractility at the rear to power their migration. This polarized cortex does not sustain persistent retrograde flows, of cells or actin, like in the other modes of migration but rather harnesses fluctuating cell deformations, or jiggling. Theoretical physical modeling shows this is sufficient to create a gradient of friction forces and trigger directed cluster motion. This collective amoeboid mode of migration could foster metastatic spread by enabling cells to cross a wide spectrum of environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane-Laure Pagès
- Inserm U-1279, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Dynamique des Cellules Tumorales, Villejuif 94800, France
| | | | - Jean de Seze
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - Emilie Gontran
- Inserm U-1279, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France
| | - Ananyo Maitra
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin, UMR 8237 CNRS/Sorbonne Université, Paris 75255, France
| | - Aurore Maciejewski
- Inserm U-1279, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Dynamique des Cellules Tumorales, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Li Wang
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris 75005, France
| | - Rui Luan
- Inserm U-1279, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France
| | - Jérôme Cartry
- Inserm U-1279, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France
| | - Charlotte Canet-Jourdan
- Inserm U-1279, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Dynamique des Cellules Tumorales, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Joël Raingeaud
- Inserm U-1279, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France
| | | | | | - Michel Ducreux
- Inserm U-1279, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif F-94805, France
| | - Maximiliano Gelli
- Inserm U-1279, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France
- Département de Chirurgie Viscérale, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France
| | - Jean-Yves Scoazec
- Service de Pathologie, Département de Biologie et Pathologie Médicale, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94270, France
| | - Mathieu Coppey
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - Raphaël Voituriez
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin, UMR 8237 CNRS/Sorbonne Université, Paris 75255, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, UMR 7600 CNRS/Sorbonne Université, Paris 75255, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris 75005, France
| | - Fanny Jaulin
- Inserm U-1279, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France
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77
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Yerly L, Pich-Bavastro C, Di Domizio J, Wyss T, Tissot-Renaud S, Cangkrama M, Gilliet M, Werner S, Kuonen F. Integrated multi-omics reveals cellular and molecular interactions governing the invasive niche of basal cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4897. [PMID: 35986012 PMCID: PMC9391376 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors invade the surrounding tissues to progress, but the heterogeneity of cell types at the tumor-stroma interface and the complexity of their potential interactions hampered mechanistic insight required for efficient therapeutic targeting. Here, combining single-cell and spatial transcriptomics on human basal cell carcinomas, we define the cellular contributors of tumor progression. In the invasive niche, tumor cells exhibit a collective migration phenotype, characterized by the expression of cell-cell junction complexes. In physical proximity, we identify cancer-associated fibroblasts with extracellular matrix-remodeling features. Tumor cells strongly express the cytokine Activin A, and increased Activin A-induced gene signature is found in adjacent cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations. Altogether, our data identify the cell populations and their transcriptional reprogramming contributing to the spatial organization of the basal cell carcinoma invasive niche. They also demonstrate the power of integrated spatial and single-cell multi-omics to decipher cancer-specific invasive properties and develop targeted therapies. The role of reciprocal tumour-stroma interactions in tumour invasion remains poorly characterised. Here, single-cell and spatial transcriptomics identifies the cell populations and their transcriptional reprogramming contributing to the spatial organization of the basal cell carcinoma invasive niche.
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78
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Nanoscale organization of the MHC I peptide-loading complex in human dendritic cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:477. [PMID: 35947215 PMCID: PMC9365725 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) translate local innate immune responses into long-lasting adaptive immunity by priming antigen-specific T cells. Accordingly, there is an ample interest in exploiting DCs for therapeutic purposes, e.g., in personalized immunotherapies. Despite recent advances in elucidating molecular pathways of antigen processing, in DCs the exact spatial organization of the underlying processes is largely unknown. Here, we unraveled the nanoscale organization of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-dependent peptide-loading machinery in human monocyte-derived DCs (moDC). We detected an unexpected accumulation of MHC I peptide-loading complexes (PLCs) and TAP-dependent peptide compartmentalization in protrusions of activated DCs. Using single-molecule localization microscopy we revealed that PLCs display homogeneously sized assemblies, independent of the DC activation status or cellular localization. Our data indicate that moDCs show augmentation of subcellular PLC density during DC maturation. We observed a twofold density increase in the cell body, while an even fourfold accumulation was detected in the tips of the protrusions at the mature DC stage in comparison to immature DCs. In these tip regions, PLC assemblies are found along highly compressed tubular ER networks. These findings provide novel insights into nanoscale organization of the antigen presentation machinery, and open new perspectives on the T cell stimulatory capacity of DCs.
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79
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Li Y, Chen M, Chang W. Roles of the nucleus in leukocyte migration. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:771-783. [PMID: 35916042 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0622-473rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes patrol our bodies in search of pathogens and migrate to sites of injury in response to various stimuli. Rapid and directed leukocyte motility is therefore crucial to our immunity. The nucleus is the largest and stiffest cellular organelle and a mechanical obstacle for migration through constrictions. However, the nucleus is also essential for 3D cell migration. Here, we review the roles of the nucleus in leukocyte migration, focusing on how cells deform their nuclei to aid cell motility and the contributions of the nucleus to cell migration. We discuss the regulation of the nuclear biomechanics by the nuclear lamina and how it, together with the cytoskeleton, modulates the shapes of leukocyte nuclei. We then summarize the functions of nesprins and SUN proteins in leukocytes and discuss how forces are exerted on the nucleus. Finally, we examine the mechanical roles of the nucleus in cell migration, including its roles in regulating the direction of migration and path selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Mengqi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wakam Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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80
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Georgantzoglou A, Poplimont H, Walker HA, Lämmermann T, Sarris M. A two-step search and run response to gradients shapes leukocyte navigation in vivo. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213303. [PMID: 35731205 PMCID: PMC9225946 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Migrating cells must interpret chemical gradients to guide themselves within tissues. A long-held principle is that gradients guide cells via reorientation of leading-edge protrusions. However, recent evidence indicates that protrusions can be dispensable for locomotion in some contexts, raising questions about how cells interpret endogenous gradients in vivo and whether other mechanisms are involved. Using laser wound assays in zebrafish to elicit acute endogenous gradients and quantitative analyses, we demonstrate a two-stage process for leukocyte chemotaxis in vivo: first a “search” phase, with stimulation of actin networks at the leading edge, cell deceleration, and turning. This is followed by a “run” phase, with fast actin flows, cell acceleration, and persistence. When actin dynamics are perturbed, cells fail to resolve the gradient, suggesting that pure spatial sensing of the gradient is insufficient for navigation. Our data suggest that cell contractility and actin flows provide memory for temporal sensing, while expansion of the leading edge serves to enhance gradient sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Georgantzoglou
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hugo Poplimont
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hazel A Walker
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Milka Sarris
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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81
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Tomasek K, Leithner A, Glatzova I, Lukesch MS, Guet CC, Sixt M. Type 1 piliated uropathogenic Escherichia coli hijack the host immune response by binding to CD14. eLife 2022; 11:78995. [PMID: 35881547 PMCID: PMC9359703 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A key attribute of persistent or recurring bacterial infections is the ability of the pathogen to evade the host’s immune response. Many Enterobacteriaceae express type 1 pili, a pre-adapted virulence trait, to invade host epithelial cells and establish persistent infections. However, the molecular mechanisms and strategies by which bacteria actively circumvent the immune response of the host remain poorly understood. Here, we identified CD14, the major co-receptor for lipopolysaccharide detection, on mouse dendritic cells (DCs) as a binding partner of FimH, the protein located at the tip of the type 1 pilus of Escherichia coli. The FimH amino acids involved in CD14 binding are highly conserved across pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. Binding of the pathogenic strain CFT073 to CD14 reduced DC migration by overactivation of integrins and blunted expression of co-stimulatory molecules by overactivating the NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) pathway, both rate-limiting factors of T cell activation. This response was binary at the single-cell level, but averaged in larger populations exposed to both piliated and non-piliated pathogens, presumably via the exchange of immunomodulatory cytokines. While defining an active molecular mechanism of immune evasion by pathogens, the interaction between FimH and CD14 represents a potential target to interfere with persistent and recurrent infections, such as urinary tract infections or Crohn’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Tomasek
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Ivana Glatzova
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Calin C Guet
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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82
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Schick J, Raz E. Blebs—Formation, Regulation, Positioning, and Role in Amoeboid Cell Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:926394. [PMID: 35912094 PMCID: PMC9337749 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.926394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of development, tissue homeostasis, immune surveillance, and pathological conditions such as cancer metastasis and inflammation, migrating amoeboid cells commonly form protrusions called blebs. For these spherical protrusions to inflate, the force for pushing the membrane forward depends on actomyosin contraction rather than active actin assembly. Accordingly, blebs exhibit distinct dynamics and regulation. In this review, we first examine the mechanisms that control the inflation of blebs and bias their formation in the direction of the cell’s leading edge and present current views concerning the role blebs play in promoting cell locomotion. While certain motile amoeboid cells exclusively form blebs, others form blebs as well as other protrusion types. We describe factors in the environment and cell-intrinsic activities that determine the proportion of the different forms of protrusions cells produce.
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83
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Potashnikova DM, Saidova AA, Tvorogova AV, Anisimova AS, Botsina AY, Vasilieva EY, Margolis LB. CTLs From Patients With Atherosclerosis Show Elevated Adhesiveness and Distinct Integrin Expression Patterns on 2D Substrates. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:891916. [PMID: 35911408 PMCID: PMC9328274 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.891916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular disease that is characterized by plaque formation in the blood vessel wall. Atherosclerotic plaques represent sites of chronic inflammation with diverse cell content that is shifted toward the prevalence of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) upon plaque progression. The studies of CTL recruitment to atherosclerotic plaques require adequate in vitro models accounting for CTL interactions with chemokine-ligands and extracellular matrix fibers via surface chemokine receptors and integrins. Here we applied such a model by investigating CTL adhesion and migration on six types of coated surfaces. We assessed adhesion and motility metrics, the expression of chemokine receptors, and integrins in CTLs of patients with atherosclerosis and healthy donors. Using fibronectin, platelet-poor plasma from patients with atherosclerosis, and conditioned medium from atherosclerotic plaques we revealed the role of substrate in CTL adhesiveness: fibronectin alone and fibronectin combined with platelet-poor plasma and conditioned medium elevated the CTL adhesiveness - in patients the elevation was significantly higher than in healthy donors (p = 0.02, mixed 2-way ANOVA model). This was in line with our finding that the expression levels of integrin-coding mRNAs were elevated in the presence of fibronectin (p < 0.05) and ITGB1, ITGA1, and ITGA4 were specifically upregulated in patients compared to healthy donors (p < 0.01). Our experimental model did not affect the expression levels of mRNAs CCR4, CCR5, and CX3CR1 coding the chemokine receptors that drive T-lymphocyte migration to plaques. Thus, we demonstrated the substrate-dependence of integrin expression and discriminated CTLs from patients and healthy donors by adhesion parameters and integrin expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria M. Potashnikova
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Department of Healthcare, City Clinical Hospital Named After I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleena A. Saidova
- Moscow Department of Healthcare, City Clinical Hospital Named After I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Tvorogova
- Moscow Department of Healthcare, City Clinical Hospital Named After I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra S. Anisimova
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Department of Healthcare, City Clinical Hospital Named After I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Yu Botsina
- Moscow Department of Healthcare, City Clinical Hospital Named After I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Yu Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Department of Healthcare, City Clinical Hospital Named After I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid B. Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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84
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Oster L, Schröder J, Rugi M, Schimmelpfennig S, Sargin S, Schwab A, Najder K. Extracellular pH Controls Chemotaxis of Neutrophil Granulocytes by Regulating Leukotriene B 4 Production and Cdc42 Signaling. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:136-144. [PMID: 35715008 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes are the first and robust responders to the chemotactic molecules released from an inflamed acidic tissue. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of microenvironmental pH in neutrophil chemotaxis. To this end, we used neutrophils from male C57BL/6J mice and combined live cell imaging chemotaxis assays with measurements of the intracellular pH (pHi) in varied extracellular pH (pHe). Observational studies were complemented by biochemical analyses of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production and activation of the Cdc42 Rho GTPase. Our data show that pHi of neutrophils dose-dependently adapts to a given pH of the extracellular milieu. Neutrophil chemotaxis toward C5a has an optimum at pHi ∼7.1, and its pHi dependency is almost parallel to that of LTB4 production. Consequently, a shallow pHe gradient, resembling that encountered by neutrophils during extravasation from a blood vessel (pH ∼7.4) into the interstitium (pH ∼7.2), favors chemotaxis of stimulated neutrophils. Lowering pHe below pH 6.8, predominantly affects neutrophil chemotaxis, although the velocity is largely maintained. Inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) with cariporide drastically attenuates neutrophil chemotaxis at the optimal pHi irrespective of the high LTB4 production. Neutrophil migration and chemotaxis are almost completely abrogated by inhibiting LTB4 production or blocking its receptor (BLT1). The abundance of the active GTP-bound form of Cdc42 is strongly reduced by NHE1 inhibition or pHe 6.5. In conclusion, we propose that the pH dependence of neutrophil chemotaxis toward C5a is caused by a pHi-dependent production of LTB4 and activation of Cdc42. Moreover, it requires the activity of NHE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Oster
- Institute of Physiology II, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Schröder
- Institute of Physiology II, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - Micol Rugi
- Institute of Physiology II, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Sargin
- Institute of Physiology II, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - Karolina Najder
- Institute of Physiology II, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
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85
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Theeyancheri L, Chaki S, Bhattacharjee T, Chakrabarti R. Migration of active rings in porous media. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:014504. [PMID: 35974648 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.014504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by how the shape deformations in active organisms help them to migrate through disordered porous environments, we simulate active ring polymers in two-dimensional random porous media. Flexible and inextensible active ring polymers navigate smoothly through the disordered media. In contrast, semiflexible rings undergo transient trapping inside the pore space; the degree of trapping is inversely correlated with the increase in activity. We discover that flexible rings swell while inextensible and semiflexible rings monotonically shrink upon increasing the activity. Together, our findings identify the optimal migration of active ring polymers through porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligesh Theeyancheri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Subhasish Chaki
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Tapomoy Bhattacharjee
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Rajarshi Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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86
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Nguyen DT, Ogando-Rivas E, Liu R, Wang T, Rubin J, Jin L, Tao H, Sawyer WW, Mendez-Gomez HR, Cascio M, Mitchell DA, Huang J, Sawyer WG, Sayour EJ, Castillo P. CAR T Cell Locomotion in Solid Tumor Microenvironment. Cells 2022; 11:1974. [PMID: 35741103 PMCID: PMC9221866 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The promising outcomes of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in hematologic malignancies potentiates its capability in the fight against many cancers. Nevertheless, this immunotherapy modality needs significant improvements for the treatment of solid tumors. Researchers have incrementally identified limitations and constantly pursued better CAR designs. However, even if CAR T cells are armed with optimal killer functions, they must overcome and survive suppressive barriers imposed by the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we will discuss in detail the important role of TME in CAR T cell trafficking and how the intrinsic barriers contribute to an immunosuppressive phenotype and cancer progression. It is of critical importance that preclinical models can closely recapitulate the in vivo TME to better predict CAR T activity. Animal models have contributed immensely to our understanding of human diseases, but the intensive care for the animals and unreliable representation of human biology suggest in vivo models cannot be the sole approach to CAR T cell therapy. On the other hand, in vitro models for CAR T cytotoxic assessment offer valuable insights to mechanistic studies at the single cell level, but they often lack in vivo complexities, inter-individual heterogeneity, or physiologically relevant spatial dimension. Understanding the advantages and limitations of preclinical models and their applications would enable more reliable prediction of better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy T. Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.T.N.); (W.W.S.); (W.G.S.)
| | - Elizabeth Ogando-Rivas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.O.-R.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (H.T.); (H.R.M.-G.); (D.A.M.); (J.H.); (E.J.S.)
| | - Ruixuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.O.-R.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (H.T.); (H.R.M.-G.); (D.A.M.); (J.H.); (E.J.S.)
| | - Theodore Wang
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Jacob Rubin
- Warrington College of Business, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Linchun Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.O.-R.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (H.T.); (H.R.M.-G.); (D.A.M.); (J.H.); (E.J.S.)
| | - Haipeng Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.O.-R.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (H.T.); (H.R.M.-G.); (D.A.M.); (J.H.); (E.J.S.)
| | - William W. Sawyer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.T.N.); (W.W.S.); (W.G.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Hector R. Mendez-Gomez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.O.-R.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (H.T.); (H.R.M.-G.); (D.A.M.); (J.H.); (E.J.S.)
| | - Matthew Cascio
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Duane A. Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.O.-R.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (H.T.); (H.R.M.-G.); (D.A.M.); (J.H.); (E.J.S.)
| | - Jianping Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.O.-R.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (H.T.); (H.R.M.-G.); (D.A.M.); (J.H.); (E.J.S.)
| | - W. Gregory Sawyer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.T.N.); (W.W.S.); (W.G.S.)
| | - Elias J. Sayour
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.O.-R.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (H.T.); (H.R.M.-G.); (D.A.M.); (J.H.); (E.J.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Paul Castillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
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87
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Du W, Nair P, Johnston A, Wu PH, Wirtz D. Cell Trafficking at the Intersection of the Tumor-Immune Compartments. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2022; 24:275-305. [PMID: 35385679 PMCID: PMC9811395 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110320-110749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Migration is an essential cellular process that regulates human organ development and homeostasis as well as disease initiation and progression. In cancer, immune and tumor cell migration is strongly associated with immune cell infiltration, immune escape, and tumor cell metastasis, which ultimately account for more than 90% of cancer deaths. The biophysics and molecular regulation of the migration of cancer and immune cells have been extensively studied separately. However, accumulating evidence indicates that, in the tumor microenvironment, the motilities of immune and cancer cells are highly interdependent via secreted factors such as cytokines and chemokines. Tumor and immune cells constantly express these soluble factors, which produce a tightly intertwined regulatory network for these cells' respective migration. A mechanistic understanding of the reciprocal regulation of soluble factor-mediated cell migration can provide critical information for the development of new biomarkers of tumor progression and of tumor response to immuno-oncological treatments. We review the biophysical andbiomolecular basis for the migration of immune and tumor cells and their associated reciprocal regulatory network. We also describe ongoing attempts to translate this knowledge into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Du
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Praful Nair
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrian Johnston
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Oncology, Department of Pathology, and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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88
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Krmeská V, Aggio JB, Nylén S, Wowk PF, Rothfuchs AG. Cyclooxygenase-Derived Prostaglandin E 2 Drives IL-1-Independent Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin-Triggered Skin Dendritic Cell Migration to Draining Lymph Node. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2549-2557. [PMID: 35523455 PMCID: PMC9161203 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inoculation of Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the skin mobilizes local dendritic cells (DC) to the draining lymph node (dLN) in a process that remains incompletely understood. In this study, a mouse model of BCG skin infection was used to investigate mechanisms of skin DC migration to dLNs. We found enhanced transcription of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and production of COX-derived PGE2 early after BCG infection in skin. Animals treated with antagonists for COX or the PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4 displayed a marked reduction in the entry of skin DCs and BCG to dLNs, uncovering an important contribution of COX-derived PGE2 in this migration process. In addition, live BCG bacilli were needed to invoke DC migration through this COX-PGE2 pathway. Having previously shown that IL-1R partially regulates BCG-induced relocation of skin DCs to dLNs, we investigated whether PGE2 release was under control of IL-1. Interestingly, IL-1R ligands IL-1α/β were not required for early transcription of COX-2 or production of PGE2 in BCG-infected skin, suggesting that the DC migration-promoting role of PGE2 is independent of IL-1α/β in our model. In DC adoptive transfer experiments, EP2/EP4, but not IL-1R, was needed on the moving DCs for full-fledged migration, supporting different modes of action for PGE2 and IL-1α/β. In summary, our data highlight an important role for PGE2 in guiding DCs to dLNs in an IL-1–independent manner. BCG-triggered PGE2 release mobilizes skin DCs to the draining lymph node. Migrating DCs use EP2 and EP4 to relocate to the draining lymph node. Live BCG bacilli are needed for PGE2-mediated DC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Krmeská
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Juliana Bernardi Aggio
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and.,Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Susanne Nylén
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Pryscilla Fanini Wowk
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and.,Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Brazil
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89
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Amini R, Bhatnagar A, Schlüßler R, Möllmert S, Guck J, Norden C. Amoeboid-like migration ensures correct horizontal cell layer formation in the developing vertebrate retina. eLife 2022; 11:76408. [PMID: 35639083 PMCID: PMC9208757 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration of cells in the developing brain is integral for the establishment of neural circuits and function of the central nervous system. While migration modes during which neurons employ predetermined directional guidance of either preexisting neuronal processes or underlying cells have been well explored, less is known about how cells featuring multipolar morphology migrate in the dense environment of the developing brain. To address this, we here investigated multipolar migration of horizontal cells in the zebrafish retina. We found that these cells feature several hallmarks of amoeboid-like migration that enable them to tailor their movements to the spatial constraints of the crowded retina. These hallmarks include cell and nuclear shape changes, as well as persistent rearward polarization of stable F-actin. Interference with the organization of the developing retina by changing nuclear properties or overall tissue architecture hampers efficient horizontal cell migration and layer formation showing that cell-tissue interplay is crucial for this process. In view of the high proportion of multipolar migration phenomena observed in brain development, the here uncovered amoeboid-like migration mode might be conserved in other areas of the developing nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Amini
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Archit Bhatnagar
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Raimund Schlüßler
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Caren Norden
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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90
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Ishikawa-Ankerhold H, Kroll J, van den Heuvel D, Renkawitz J, Müller-Taubenberger A. Centrosome Positioning in Migrating Dictyostelium Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111776. [PMID: 35681473 PMCID: PMC9179490 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Directional cell migration and the establishment of polarity play an important role in development, wound healing, and host cell defense. While actin polymerization provides the driving force at the cell front, the microtubule network assumes a regulatory function, in coordinating front protrusion and rear retraction. By using Dictyostelium discoideum cells as a model for amoeboid movement in different 2D and 3D environments, the position of the centrosome relative to the nucleus was analyzed using live-cell microscopy. Our results showed that the centrosome was preferentially located rearward of the nucleus under all conditions tested for directed migration, while the nucleus was oriented toward the expanding front. When cells are hindered from straight movement by obstacles, the centrosome is displaced temporarily from its rearward location to the side of the nucleus, but is reoriented within seconds. This relocalization is supported by the presence of intact microtubules and their contact with the cortex. The data suggest that the centrosome is responsible for coordinating microtubules with respect to the nucleus. In summary, we have analyzed the orientation of the centrosome during different modes of migration in an amoeboid model and present evidence that the basic principles of centrosome positioning and movement are conserved between Dictyostelium and human leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Ishikawa-Ankerhold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.I.-A.); (D.v.d.H.)
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Janina Kroll
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; (J.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Dominic van den Heuvel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.I.-A.); (D.v.d.H.)
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Renkawitz
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; (J.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Annette Müller-Taubenberger
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Department of Cell Biology (Anatomy III), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-2180-75873
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91
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Actin Turnover Required for Adhesion-Independent Bleb Migration. FLUIDS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fluids7050173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is critical for many vital processes, such as wound healing, as well as harmful processes, such as cancer metastasis. Experiments have highlighted the diversity in migration strategies employed by cells in physiologically relevant environments. In 3D fibrous matrices and confinement between two surfaces, some cells migrate using round membrane protrusions, called blebs. In bleb-based migration, the role of substrate adhesion is thought to be minimal, and it remains unclear if a cell can migrate without any adhesion complexes. We present a 2D computational fluid-structure model of a cell using cycles of bleb expansion and retraction in a channel with several geometries. The cell model consists of a plasma membrane, an underlying actin cortex, and viscous cytoplasm. Cellular structures are immersed in viscous fluid which permeates them, and the fluid equations are solved using the method of regularized Stokeslets. Simulations show that the cell cannot effectively migrate when the actin cortex is modeled as a purely elastic material. We find that cells do migrate in rigid channels if actin turnover is included with a viscoelastic description for the cortex. Our study highlights the non-trivial relationship between cell rheology and its external environment during migration with cytoplasmic streaming.
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92
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Beunk L, Bakker GJ, van Ens D, Bugter J, Gal F, Svoren M, Friedl P, Wolf K. Actomyosin contractility requirements and reciprocal cell-tissue mechanics for cancer cell invasion through collagen-based channels. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2022; 45:48. [PMID: 35575822 PMCID: PMC9110550 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-022-00182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The interstitial tumor microenvironment is composed of heterogeneously organized collagen-rich porous networks as well as channel-like structures and interfaces which provide both barriers and guidance for invading cells. Tumor cells invading 3D random porous collagen networks depend upon actomyosin contractility to deform and translocate the nucleus, whereas Rho/Rho-associated kinase-dependent contractility is largely dispensable for migration in stiff capillary-like confining microtracks. To investigate whether this dichotomy of actomyosin contractility dependence also applies to physiological, deformable linear collagen environments, we developed nearly barrier-free collagen-scaffold microtracks of varying cross section using two-photon laser ablation. Both very narrow and wide tracks supported single-cell migration by either outward pushing of collagen up to four times when tracks were narrow, or cell pulling on collagen walls down to 50% of the original diameter by traction forces of up to 40 nN when tracks were wide, resulting in track widths optimized to single-cell diameter. Targeting actomyosin contractility by synthetic inhibitors increased cell elongation and nuclear shape change in narrow tracks and abolished cell-mediated deformation of both wide and narrow tracks. Accordingly, migration speeds in all channel widths reduced, with migration rates of around 45-65% of the original speed persisting. Together, the data suggest that cells engage actomyosin contraction to reciprocally adjust both own morphology and linear track width to optimal size for effective cellular locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne Beunk
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Bakker
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diede van Ens
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bugter
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Gal
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Svoren
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Cancer Genomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katarina Wolf
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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93
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Yamaguchi N, Knaut H. Focal adhesion-mediated cell anchoring and migration: from in vitro to in vivo. Development 2022; 149:275460. [PMID: 35587444 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell-extracellular matrix interactions have been studied extensively using cells cultured in vitro. These studies indicate that focal adhesion (FA)-based cell-extracellular matrix interactions are essential for cell anchoring and cell migration. Whether FAs play a similarly important role in vivo is less clear. Here, we summarize the formation and function of FAs in cultured cells and review how FAs transmit and sense force in vitro. Using examples from animal studies, we also describe the role of FAs in cell anchoring during morphogenetic movements and cell migration in vivo. Finally, we conclude by discussing similarities and differences in how FAs function in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Yamaguchi
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Holger Knaut
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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94
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Laforgue L, Fertin A, Usson Y, Verdier C, Laurent VM. Efficient deformation mechanisms enable invasive cancer cells to migrate faster in 3D collagen networks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7867. [PMID: 35550548 PMCID: PMC9098560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell migration is a widely studied topic but has been very often limited to two dimensional motion on various substrates. Indeed, less is known about cancer cell migration in 3D fibrous-extracellular matrix (ECM) including variations of the microenvironment. Here we used 3D time lapse imaging on a confocal microscope and a phase correlation method to follow fiber deformations, as well as cell morphology and live actin distribution during the migration of cancer cells. Different collagen concentrations together with three bladder cancer cell lines were used to investigate the role of the metastatic potential on 3D cell migration characteristics. We found that grade-3 cells (T24 and J82) are characterized by a great diversity of shapes in comparison with grade-2 cells (RT112). Moreover, grade-3 cells with the highest metastatic potential (J82) showed the highest values of migration speeds and diffusivities at low collagen concentration and the greatest sensitivity to collagen concentration. Our results also suggested that the small shape fluctuations of J82 cells are the signature of larger migration velocities. Moreover, the displacement fields generated by J82 cells showed significantly higher fiber displacements as compared to T24 and RT112 cells, regardless of collagen concentration. The analysis of cell movements enhanced the fact that bladder cancer cells were able to exhibit different phenotypes (mesenchymal, amoeboid). Furthermore, the analysis of spatio-temporal migration mechanisms showed that cancer cells are able to push or pull on collagen fibers, therefore producing efficient local collagen deformations in the vicinity of cells. Our results also revealed that dense actin regions are correlated with the largest displacement fields, and this correlation is enhanced for the most invasive J82 cancer cells. Therefore this work opens up new routes to understand cancer cell migration in soft biological networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Laforgue
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Arnold Fertin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Yves Usson
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Claude Verdier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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95
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Petrie RJ. Visualizing Cell Motility in Mouse Ear Explants. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e434. [PMID: 35532288 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A method to visualize cell motility in fluorescence-labeled mouse-ear dermal explants is described. This approach allows cell and matrix dynamics to be visualized in physiologically relevant, three-dimensional (3D) environments. This Basic Protocol for the preparation of mouse-ear dermal explants can be optimized and applied to any tissue explant and cell type. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Petrie
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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96
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Churchill MJ, du Bois H, Heim TA, Mudianto T, Steele MM, Nolz JC, Lund AW. Infection-induced lymphatic zippering restricts fluid transport and viral dissemination from skin. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20211830. [PMID: 35353138 PMCID: PMC8972184 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels are often considered passive conduits that flush antigenic material, pathogens, and cells to draining lymph nodes. Recent evidence, however, suggests that lymphatic vessels actively regulate diverse processes from antigen transport to leukocyte trafficking and dietary lipid absorption. Here we tested the hypothesis that infection-induced changes in lymphatic transport actively contribute to innate host defense. We demonstrate that cutaneous vaccinia virus infection by scarification activates dermal lymphatic capillary junction tightening (zippering) and lymph node lymphangiogenesis, which are associated with reduced fluid transport and cutaneous viral sequestration. Lymphatic-specific deletion of VEGFR2 prevented infection-induced lymphatic capillary zippering, increased fluid flux out of tissue, and allowed lymphatic dissemination of virus. Further, a reduction in dendritic cell migration to lymph nodes in the absence of lymphatic VEGFR2 associated with reduced antiviral CD8+ T cell expansion. These data indicate that VEGFR2-driven lymphatic remodeling is a context-dependent, active mechanism of innate host defense that limits viral dissemination and facilitates protective, antiviral CD8+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J. Churchill
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Haley du Bois
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Taylor A. Heim
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Tenny Mudianto
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Maria M. Steele
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey C. Nolz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Amanda W. Lund
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
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97
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The interface between biochemical signaling and cell mechanics shapes T lymphocyte migration and activation. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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98
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Khachaturyan G, Holle AW, Ende K, Frey C, Schwederski HA, Eiseler T, Paschke S, Micoulet A, Spatz JP, Kemkemer R. Temperature-sensitive migration dynamics in neutrophil-differentiated HL-60 cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7053. [PMID: 35488042 PMCID: PMC9054779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10858-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration plays an essential role in wound healing and inflammatory processes inside the human body. Peripheral blood neutrophils, a type of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN), are the first cells to be activated during inflammation and subsequently migrate toward an injured tissue or infection site. This response is dependent on both biochemical signaling and the extracellular environment, one aspect of which includes increased temperature in the tissues surrounding the inflammation site. In our study, we analyzed temperature-dependent neutrophil migration using differentiated HL-60 cells. The migration speed of differentiated HL-60 cells was found to correlate positively with temperature from 30 to 42 °C, with higher temperatures inducing a concomitant increase in cell detachment. The migration persistence time of differentiated HL-60 cells was higher at lower temperatures (30-33 °C), while the migration persistence length stayed constant throughout the temperature range. Coupled with the increased speed observed at high temperatures, this suggests that neutrophils are primed to migrate more effectively at the elevated temperatures characteristic of inflammation. Temperature gradients exist on both cell and tissue scales. Taking this into consideration, we also investigated the ability of differentiated HL-60 cells to sense and react to the presence of temperature gradients, a process known as thermotaxis. Using a two-dimensional temperature gradient chamber with a range of 27-43 °C, we observed a migration bias parallel to the gradient, resulting in both positive and negative thermotaxis. To better mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment in vivo, a three-dimensional collagen temperature gradient chamber was constructed, allowing observation of biased neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 migration toward the heat source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Khachaturyan
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew W Holle
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Karen Ende
- School of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstrasse 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Frey
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko A Schwederski
- School of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstrasse 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Internal Medicine I, University Clinic Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Paschke
- General and Visceral Surgery, University Clinic Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexandre Micoulet
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kemkemer
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,School of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstrasse 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany.
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Guenther C. β2-Integrins – Regulatory and Executive Bridges in the Signaling Network Controlling Leukocyte Trafficking and Migration. Front Immunol 2022; 13:809590. [PMID: 35529883 PMCID: PMC9072638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.809590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking is an essential process of immunity, occurring as leukocytes travel within the bloodstream and as leukocyte migration within tissues. While it is now established that leukocytes can utilize the mesenchymal migration mode or amoeboid migration mode, differences in the migratory behavior of leukocyte subclasses and how these are realized on a molecular level in each subclass is not fully understood. To outline these differences, first migration modes and their dependence on parameters of the extracellular environments will be explained, as well as the intracellular molecular machinery that powers migration in general. Extracellular parameters are detected by adhesion receptors such as integrins. β2-integrins are surface receptors exclusively expressed on leukocytes and are essential for leukocytes exiting the bloodstream, as well as in mesenchymal migration modes, however, integrins are dispensable for the amoeboid migration mode. Additionally, the balance of different RhoGTPases – which are downstream of surface receptor signaling, including integrins – mediate formation of membrane structures as well as actin dynamics. Individual leukocyte subpopulations have been shown to express distinct RhoGTPase profiles along with their differences in migration behavior, which will be outlined. Emerging aspects of leukocyte migration include signal transduction from integrins via actin to the nucleus that regulates DNA status, gene expression profiles and ultimately leukocyte migratory phenotypes, as well as altered leukocyte migration in tumors, which will be touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guenther
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Carla Guenther,
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Mihlan M, Glaser KM, Epple MW, Lämmermann T. Neutrophils: Amoeboid Migration and Swarming Dynamics in Tissues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:871789. [PMID: 35478973 PMCID: PMC9038224 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.871789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key cells of our innate immune response with essential roles for eliminating bacteria and fungi from tissues. They are also the prototype of an amoeboid migrating leukocyte. As one of the first blood-recruited immune cell types during inflammation and infection, these cells can invade almost any tissue compartment. Once in the tissue, neutrophils undergo rapid shape changes and migrate at speeds higher than most other immune cells. They move in a substrate-independent manner in interstitial spaces and do not follow predetermined tissue paths. Instead, neutrophil navigation is largely shaped by the chemokine and chemoattractant milieu around them. This highlights the decisive role of attractant-sensing G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and downstream molecular pathways for controlling amoeboid neutrophil movement in tissues. A diverse repertoire of cell-surface expressed GPCRs makes neutrophils the perfect sentinel cell type to sense and detect danger-associated signals released from wounds, inflamed interstitium, dying cells, complement factors or directly from tissue-invading microbes. Moreover, neutrophils release attractants themselves, which allows communication and coordination between individual cells of a neutrophil population. GPCR-mediated positive feedback mechanisms were shown to underlie neutrophil swarming, a population response that amplifies the recruitment of amoeboid migrating neutrophils to sites of tissue injury and infection. Here we discuss recent findings and current concepts that counteract excessive neutrophil accumulation and swarm formation. In particular, we will focus on negative feedback control mechanisms that terminate neutrophil swarming to maintain the delicate balance between tissue surveillance, host protection and tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mihlan
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina M. Glaser
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian W. Epple
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tim Lämmermann,
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