51
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Ordonez-Miranda J, Ezzahri Y, Joulain K. Quantum thermal diode based on two interacting spinlike systems under different excitations. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:022128. [PMID: 28297864 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.022128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that two interacting spinlike systems characterized by different excitation frequencies and coupled to a thermal bath each, can be used as a quantum thermal diode capable of efficiently rectifying the heat current. This is done by deriving analytical expressions for both the heat current and rectification factor of the diode, based on the solution of a master equation for the density matrix. Higher rectification factors are obtained for lower heat currents, whose magnitude takes their maximum values for a given interaction coupling proportional to the temperature of the hotter thermal bath. It is shown that the rectification ability of the diode increases with the excitation frequencies difference, which drives the asymmetry of the heat current, when the temperatures of the thermal baths are inverted. Furthermore, explicit conditions for the optimization of the rectification factor and heat current are explicitly found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ordonez-Miranda
- Institut Pprime, CNRS, Université de Poitiers, ISAE-ENSMA, Futuroscope Chasseneuil F-86962, France
| | - Younès Ezzahri
- Institut Pprime, CNRS, Université de Poitiers, ISAE-ENSMA, Futuroscope Chasseneuil F-86962, France
| | - Karl Joulain
- Institut Pprime, CNRS, Université de Poitiers, ISAE-ENSMA, Futuroscope Chasseneuil F-86962, France
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52
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Molecular Properties of Sandwiched Molecules Between Electrodes and Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aiq.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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53
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Kim NC, Ko MC, Choe SI, Hao ZH, Zhou L, Li JB, Im SJ, Ko YH, Jo CG, Wang QQ. Transport properties of a single plasmon interacting with a hybrid exciton of a metal nanoparticle-semiconductor quantum dot system coupled to a plasmonic waveguide. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:465703. [PMID: 27749280 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/46/465703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The transport properties of a single plasmon interacting with a hybrid system composed of a semiconductor quantum dot (SQD) and a metal nanoparticle (MNP) coupled to a one-dimensional surface plasmonic waveguide are investigated theoretically via the real-space approach. We considered that the MNP-SQD interaction leads to the formation of a hybrid exciton and the transmission and reflection of a single incident plasmon could be controlled by adjusting the frequency of the classical control field applied to the MNP-SQD hybrid nanosystem, the kinds of MNPs and the background media. The transport properties of a single plasmon interacting with such a hybrid nanosystem discussed here could find applications in the design of next-generation quantum devices, such as single-photon switching and nanomirrors, and in quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Chol Kim
- Department of Physics, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, North Korea. School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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54
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Bennett AJ, Lee JP, Ellis DJP, Farrer I, Ritchie DA, Shields AJ. A semiconductor photon-sorter. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:857-860. [PMID: 27428275 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining substantial nonlinear effects at the single-photon level is a considerable challenge that holds great potential for quantum optical measurements and information processing. Of the progress that has been made in recent years one of the most promising methods is to scatter coherent light from quantum emitters, imprinting quantum correlations onto the photons. We report effective interactions between photons, controlled by a single semiconductor quantum dot that is weakly coupled to a monolithic cavity. We show that the nonlinearity of a transition modifies the counting statistics of a Poissonian beam, sorting the photons in number. This is used to create strong correlations between detection events and to create polarization-correlated photons from an uncorrelated stream using a single spin. These results pave the way for semiconductor optical switches operated by single quanta of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Bennett
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, Cambridge Research Laboratory, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, UK
| | - J P Lee
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, Cambridge Research Laboratory, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, UK
- Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - D J P Ellis
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, Cambridge Research Laboratory, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, UK
| | - I Farrer
- Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - D A Ritchie
- Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - A J Shields
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, Cambridge Research Laboratory, 208 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, UK
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55
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Li L, Hu Y, Deng D, Song H, Lv Y. Highly sensitive cataluminescence gas sensors for 2-butanone based on g-C3N4 sheets decorated with CuO nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8831-8841. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9906-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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56
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Frisenda R, Harzmann GD, Celis Gil JA, Thijssen JM, Mayor M, van der Zant HSJ. Stretching-Induced Conductance Increase in a Spin-Crossover Molecule. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4733-7. [PMID: 27088578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigate transport through mechanically triggered single-molecule switches that are based on the coordination sphere-dependent spin state of Fe(II)-species. In these molecules, in certain junction configurations the relative arrangement of two terpyridine ligands within homoleptic Fe(II)-complexes can be mechanically controlled. Mechanical pulling may thus distort the Fe(II) coordination sphere and eventually modify their spin state. Using the movable nanoelectrodes in a mechanically controlled break-junction at low temperature, current-voltage measurements at cryogenic temperatures support the hypothesized switching mechanism based on the spin-crossover behavior. A large fraction of molecular junctions formed with the spin-crossover-active Fe(II)-complex displays a conductance increase for increasing electrode separation and this increase can reach 1-2 orders of magnitude. Theoretical calculations predict a stretching-induced spin transition in the Fe(II)-complex and a larger transmission for the high-spin configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Frisenda
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology , 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jose A Celis Gil
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology , 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph M Thijssen
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology , 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Mayor
- University of Base l, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU) , Gunagzhou, China
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology , 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
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57
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All-optical transistor- and diode-action and logic gates based on anisotropic nonlinear responsive liquid crystal. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30873. [PMID: 27491391 PMCID: PMC4974645 DOI: 10.1038/srep30873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we show that anisotropic photosensitive nematic liquid crystals (PNLC) made by incorporating anisotropic absorbing dyes are promising candidates for constructing all-optical elements by virtue of the extraordinarily large optical nonlinearity of the nematic host. In particular, we have demonstrated several room-temperature ‘prototype’ PNLC-based all-optical devices such as optical diode, optical transistor and all primary logic gate operations (OR, AND, NOT) based on such optical transistor. Owing to the anisotropic absorption property and the optical activity of the twist alignment nematic cell, spatially non-reciprocal transmission response can be obtained within a sizeable optical isolation region of ~210 mW. Exploiting the same mechanisms, a tri-terminal configuration as an all-optical analogue of a bipolar junction transistor is fabricated. Its ability to be switched by an optical field enables us to realize an all-optical transistor and demonstrate cascadability, signal fan-out, logic restoration, and various logical gate operations such as OR, AND and NOT. Due to the possibility of synthesizing anisotropic dyes and wide ranging choice of liquid crystals nonlinear optical mechanisms, these all-optical operations can be optimized to have much lower thresholds and faster response speeds. The demonstrated capabilities of these devices have shown great potential in all-optical control system and photonic integrated circuits.
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58
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A realistic fabrication and design concept for quantum gates based on single emitters integrated in plasmonic-dielectric waveguide structures. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28877. [PMID: 27364604 PMCID: PMC4929458 DOI: 10.1038/srep28877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous enhancement of light-matter interaction in plasmonic-dielectric hybrid devices allows for non-linearities at the level of single emitters and few photons, such as single photon transistors. However, constructing integrated components for such devices is technologically extremely challenging. We tackle this task by lithographically fabricating an on-chip plasmonic waveguide-structure connected to far-field in- and out-coupling ports via low-loss dielectric waveguides. We precisely describe our lithographic approach and characterize the fabricated integrated chip. We find excellent agreement with rigorous numerical simulations. Based on these findings we perform a numerical optimization and calculate concrete numbers for a plasmonic single-photon transistor.
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59
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Gaio M, Moffa M, Castro-Lopez M, Pisignano D, Camposeo A, Sapienza R. Modal Coupling of Single Photon Emitters Within Nanofiber Waveguides. ACS NANO 2016; 10:6125-30. [PMID: 27203403 PMCID: PMC4928142 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale generation of individual photons in confined geometries is an exciting research field aiming at exploiting localized electromagnetic fields for light manipulation. One of the outstanding challenges of photonic systems combining emitters with nanostructured media is the selective channelling of photons emitted by embedded sources into specific optical modes and their transport at distant locations in integrated systems. Here, we show that soft-matter nanofibers, electrospun with embedded emitters, combine subwavelength field localization and large broadband near-field coupling with low propagation losses. By momentum spectroscopy, we quantify the modal coupling efficiency identifying the regime of single-mode coupling. These nanofibers do not rely on resonant interactions, making them ideal for room-temperature operation, and offer a scalable platform for future quantum information technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Gaio
- Department
of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Moffa
- CNR-Istituto
Nanoscienze, Euromediterranean Center for
Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marta Castro-Lopez
- Department
of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Dario Pisignano
- CNR-Istituto
Nanoscienze, Euromediterranean Center for
Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, via Arnesano I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea Camposeo
- CNR-Istituto
Nanoscienze, Euromediterranean Center for
Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sapienza
- Department
of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
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60
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Joulain K, Drevillon J, Ezzahri Y, Ordonez-Miranda J. Quantum Thermal Transistor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:200601. [PMID: 27258859 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.200601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a thermal transistor can be made up with a quantum system of three interacting subsystems, coupled to a thermal reservoir each. This thermal transistor is analogous to an electronic bipolar one with the ability to control the thermal currents at the collector and at the emitter with the imposed thermal current at the base. This is achieved by determining the heat fluxes by means of the strong-coupling formalism. For the case of three interacting spins, in which one of them is coupled to the other two, that are not directly coupled, it is shown that high amplification can be obtained in a wide range of energy parameters and temperatures. The proposed quantum transistor could, in principle, be used to develop devices such as a thermal modulator and a thermal amplifier in nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Joulain
- Insitut Pprime, CNRS, Université de Poitiers, ISAE-ENSMA, F-86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil, France
| | - Jérémie Drevillon
- Insitut Pprime, CNRS, Université de Poitiers, ISAE-ENSMA, F-86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil, France
| | - Younès Ezzahri
- Insitut Pprime, CNRS, Université de Poitiers, ISAE-ENSMA, F-86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil, France
| | - Jose Ordonez-Miranda
- Insitut Pprime, CNRS, Université de Poitiers, ISAE-ENSMA, F-86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil, France
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61
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Verhart NR, Müller M, Orrit M. Spectroscopy of Single Dibenzoterrylene Molecules in para-Dichlorobenzene. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1524-9. [PMID: 26840901 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201501087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We study single dibenzoterrylene (DBT) molecules embedded in 1,4-dichlorobenzene (para-dichlorobenzene, pDCB) at 1.2 K. Due to the relatively low melting point of pDCB (53 °C), this host-guest system can be easily prepared from the molten phase. Narrow linewidths, stable molecular lines and high saturation count rates of single DBT molecules were observed. For this reason, we consider this host-guest system a promising candidate for the study of interactions of single molecules with other small objects such as waveguides or nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico R Verhart
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Mathias Müller
- Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH & Co KG., Dillenburg, Germany
| | - Michel Orrit
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
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62
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Wu HY, Huang YT, Shen PT, Lee H, Oketani R, Yonemaru Y, Yamanaka M, Shoji S, Lin KH, Chang CW, Kawata S, Fujita K, Chu SW. Ultrasmall all-optical plasmonic switch and its application to superresolution imaging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24293. [PMID: 27063920 PMCID: PMC4827031 DOI: 10.1038/srep24293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their exceptional local-field enhancement and ultrasmall mode volume, plasmonic components can integrate photonics and electronics at nanoscale, and active control of plasmons is the key. However, all-optical modulation of plasmonic response with nanometer mode volume and unity modulation depth is still lacking. Here we show that scattering from a plasmonic nanoparticle, whose volume is smaller than 0.001 μm3, can be optically switched off with less than 100 μW power. Over 80% modulation depth is observed, and shows no degradation after repetitive switching. The spectral bandwidth approaches 100 nm. The underlying mechanism is suggested to be photothermal effects, and the effective single-particle nonlinearity reaches nearly 10−9 m2/W, which is to our knowledge the largest record of metallic materials to date. As a novel application, the non-bleaching and unlimitedly switchable scattering is used to enhance optical resolution to λ/5 (λ/9 after deconvolution), with 100-fold less intensity requirement compared to similar superresolution techniques. Our work not only opens up a new field of ultrasmall all-optical control based on scattering from a single nanoparticle, but also facilitates superresolution imaging for long-term observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Yu Wu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ta Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ting Shen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan Lee
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ryosuke Oketani
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0851, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yonemaru
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0851, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamanaka
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0851, Japan
| | - Satoru Shoji
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0851, Japan
| | - Kung-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chang
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Satoshi Kawata
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0851, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0851, Japan
| | - Shi-Wei Chu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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63
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Sun B, Tang M, Gao J, Li CM. Light-Controlled Simultaneous Resistive and Ferroelectricity Switching Effects of BiFeO3Film for a Flexible Multistate High-Storage Memory Device. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bai Sun
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials (ICEAM); Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Technologies of Clean Electrical Power Sources; Chongqing 400715 China
- Faculty of Materials and Energy; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Mei Tang
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials (ICEAM); Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Technologies of Clean Electrical Power Sources; Chongqing 400715 China
- Faculty of Materials and Energy; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ju Gao
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices; Suzhou University of Science and Technology; Suzhou 215011 China
| | - Chang Ming Li
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials (ICEAM); Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Technologies of Clean Electrical Power Sources; Chongqing 400715 China
- Faculty of Materials and Energy; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices; Suzhou University of Science and Technology; Suzhou 215011 China
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64
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Tang M, Sun B, Huang J, Gao J, Li CM. High performance white-light-controlled resistance switching memory of an Ag/α-Fe2O3/FTO thin film. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24057c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A white-light-controlled resistance switching memory device based on an Ag/α-Fe2O3/FTO structure, made by growing an α-Fe2O3 nanorod array on FTO, shows high performance with an OFF/ON ratio of ∼104 and exceptional stability at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Tang
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
- Faculty of Materials and Energy
| | - Bai Sun
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
- Faculty of Materials and Energy
| | - Jing Huang
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
- Faculty of Materials and Energy
| | - Ju Gao
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
- Faculty of Materials and Energy
| | - Chang Ming Li
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
- Faculty of Materials and Energy
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65
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Murray CR, Gorshkov AV, Pohl T. Many-body decoherence dynamics and optimized operation of a single-photon switch. NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2016; 18:10.1088/1367-2630/18/9/092001. [PMID: 31093009 PMCID: PMC6512999 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/18/9/092001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We develop a theoretical framework to characterize the decoherence dynamics due to multi-photon scattering in an all-optical switch based on Rydberg atom induced nonlinearities. By incorporating the knowledge of this decoherence process into optimal photon storage and retrieval strategies, we establish optimized switching protocols for experimentally relevant conditions, and evaluate the corresponding limits in the achievable fidelities. Based on these results we work out a simplified description that reproduces recent experiments (Nat. Commun. 7 12480) and provides a new interpretation in terms of many-body decoherence involving multiple incident photons and multiple gate excitations forming the switch. Aside from offering insights into the operational capacity of realistic photon switching capabilities, our work provides a complete description of spin wave decoherence in a Rydberg quantum optics setting, and has immediate relevance to a number of further applications employing photon storage in Rydberg media.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Murray
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - A V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742, USA
| | - T Pohl
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
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66
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Three-dimensional Carbon Nitride/Graphene Framework as a High-Performance Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Chem Asian J 2015; 11:1194-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201501140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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67
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Reithmaier G, Kaniber M, Flassig F, Lichtmannecker S, Müller K, Andrejew A, Vučković J, Gross R, Finley JJ. On-Chip Generation, Routing, and Detection of Resonance Fluorescence. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:5208-5213. [PMID: 26102603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantum optical circuits can be used to generate, manipulate, and exploit nonclassical states of light to push semiconductor based photonic information technologies to the quantum limit. Here, we report the on-chip generation of quantum light from individual, resonantly excited self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots, efficient routing over length scales ≥1 mm via GaAs ridge waveguides, and in situ detection using evanescently coupled integrated NbN superconducting single photon detectors fabricated on the same chip. By temporally filtering the time-resolved luminescence signal stemming from single quantum dots we use the quantum optical circuit to perform time-resolved excitation spectroscopy on single dots and demonstrate resonance fluorescence with a line-width of 10 ± 1 μeV; key elements needed for the use of single photons in prototypical quantum photonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Reithmaier
- †Walter Schottky Institut und Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Kaniber
- †Walter Schottky Institut und Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Flassig
- †Walter Schottky Institut und Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Lichtmannecker
- †Walter Schottky Institut und Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Müller
- †Walter Schottky Institut und Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- §E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - A Andrejew
- †Walter Schottky Institut und Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Vučković
- §E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - R Gross
- ‡Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften und Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- ∥Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - J J Finley
- †Walter Schottky Institut und Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- ∥Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
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68
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Luo MX, Ma SY, Chen XB, Wang X. Controlled Photon Switch Assisted by Coupled Quantum Dots. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11169. [PMID: 26095049 PMCID: PMC4476127 DOI: 10.1038/srep11169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum switch is a primitive element in quantum network communication. In contrast to previous switch schemes on one degree of freedom (DOF) of quantum systems, we consider controlled switches of photon system with two DOFs. These controlled photon switches are constructed by exploring the optical selection rules derived from the quantum-dot spins in one-sided optical microcavities. Several double controlled-NOT gate on different joint systems are greatly simplified with an auxiliary DOF of the controlling photon. The photon switches show that two DOFs of photons can be independently transmitted in quantum networks. This result reduces the quantum resources for quantum network communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Luo
- 1] Information Security and National Computing Grid Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China [2] State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Song-Ya Ma
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiu-Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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69
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Yan CH, Wei LF. Single photon transport along a one-dimensional waveguide with a side manipulated cavity QED system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:10374-10384. [PMID: 25969078 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.010374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An external mirror coupling to a cavity with a two-level atom inside is put forward to control the photon transport along a one-dimensional waveguide. Using a full quantum theory of photon transport in real space, it is shown that the Rabi splittings of the photonic transmission spectra can be controlled by the cavity-mirror couplings; the splittings could still be observed even when the cavity-atom system works in the weak coupling regime, and the transmission probability of the resonant photon can be modulated from 0 to 100%. Additionally, our numerical results show that the appearance of Fano resonance is related to the strengths of the cavity-mirror coupling and the dissipations of the system. An experimental demonstration of the proposal with the current photonic crystal waveguide technique is suggested.
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70
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Fluorescent molecules as transceiver nanoantennas: the first practical and high-rate information transfer over a nanoscale communication channel based on FRET. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7831. [PMID: 25591972 PMCID: PMC4296297 DOI: 10.1038/srep07831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocommunications via Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is a promising means of realising collaboration between photoactive nanomachines to implement advanced nanotechnology applications. The method is based on exchange of energy levels between fluorescent molecules by the FRET phenomenon which intrinsically provides a virtual nanocommunication link. In this work, further to the extensive theoretical studies, we demonstrate the first information transfer through a FRET-based nanocommunication channel. We implement a digital communication system combining macroscale transceiver instruments and a bulk solution of fluorophore nanoantennas. The performance of the FRET-based Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) nanocommunication channel between closely located mobile nanoantennas in the sample solution is evaluated in terms of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Bit Error Rate (BER) obtained for the transmission rates of 50 kbps, 150 kbps and 250 kbps. The results of the performance evaluation are very promising for the development of high-rate and reliable molecular communication networks at nanoscale.
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71
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Faez S, Türschmann P, Haakh HR, Götzinger S, Sandoghdar V. Coherent interaction of light and single molecules in a dielectric nanoguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:213601. [PMID: 25479493 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many of the currently pursued experiments in quantum optics would greatly benefit from a strong interaction between light and matter. Here, we present a simple new scheme for the efficient coupling of single molecules and photons. A glass capillary with a diameter of 600 nm filled with an organic crystal tightly guides the excitation light and provides a maximum spontaneous emission coupling factor (β) of 18% for the dye molecules doped in the organic crystal. A combination of extinction, fluorescence excitation, and resonance fluorescence spectroscopy with microscopy provides high-resolution spatiospectral access to a very large number of single molecules in a linear geometry. We discuss strategies for exploring a range of quantum-optical phenomena, including polaritonic interactions in a mesoscopic ensemble of molecules mediated by a single mode of propagating photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanli Faez
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light (MPL), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany and Leiden Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Türschmann
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light (MPL), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald R Haakh
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light (MPL), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Götzinger
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light (MPL), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany and Department of Physics, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light (MPL), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany and Department of Physics, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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72
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Granular acoustic switches and logic elements. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5311. [PMID: 25354587 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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73
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Guerreiro T, Martin A, Sanguinetti B, Pelc JS, Langrock C, Fejer MM, Gisin N, Zbinden H, Sangouard N, Thew RT. Nonlinear interaction between single photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:173601. [PMID: 25379916 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing nonlinearities strong enough to allow single photons to interact with one another is not only a fascinating challenge but also central to numerous advanced applications in quantum information science. Here we report the nonlinear interaction between two single photons. Each photon is generated in independent parametric down-conversion sources. They are subsequently combined in a nonlinear waveguide where they are converted into a single photon of higher energy by the process of sum-frequency generation. Our approach results in the direct generation of photon triplets. More generally, it highlights the potential for quantum nonlinear optics with integrated devices and, as the photons are at telecom wavelengths, it opens the way towards novel applications in quantum communication such as device-independent quantum key distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Guerreiro
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - A Martin
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - B Sanguinetti
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - J S Pelc
- E.L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, 348 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C Langrock
- E.L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, 348 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M M Fejer
- E.L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, 348 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - N Gisin
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - H Zbinden
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - N Sangouard
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - R T Thew
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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74
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Arcari M, Söllner I, Javadi A, Lindskov Hansen S, Mahmoodian S, Liu J, Thyrrestrup H, Lee EH, Song JD, Stobbe S, Lodahl P. Near-unity coupling efficiency of a quantum emitter to a photonic crystal waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:093603. [PMID: 25215983 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.093603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A quantum emitter efficiently coupled to a nanophotonic waveguide constitutes a promising system for the realization of single-photon transistors, quantum-logic gates based on giant single-photon nonlinearities, and high bit-rate deterministic single-photon sources. The key figure of merit for such devices is the β factor, which is the probability for an emitted single photon to be channeled into a desired waveguide mode. We report on the experimental achievement of β=98.43%±0.04% for a quantum dot coupled to a photonic crystal waveguide, corresponding to a single-emitter cooperativity of η=62.7±1.5. This constitutes a nearly ideal photon-matter interface where the quantum dot acts effectively as a 1D "artificial" atom, since it interacts almost exclusively with just a single propagating optical mode. The β factor is found to be remarkably robust to variations in position and emission wavelength of the quantum dots. Our work demonstrates the extraordinary potential of photonic crystal waveguides for highly efficient single-photon generation and on-chip photon-photon interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arcari
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I Söllner
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Javadi
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Lindskov Hansen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Mahmoodian
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Liu
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Thyrrestrup
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E H Lee
- Center for Opto-Electronic Convergence Systems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - J D Song
- Center for Opto-Electronic Convergence Systems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - S Stobbe
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Lodahl
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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75
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Navarro P, Tian Y, van Stee M, Orrit M. Stable single-molecule lines of terrylene in polycrystalline para-dichlorobenzene at 1.5 K. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:3032-9. [PMID: 25111909 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopic properties of single terrylene (Tr) molecules are studied in a polycrystalline matrix of para-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) at 1.5 K. Samples grown in a glass capillary show a very strong site at 597 nm, which is redshifted by more than 700 cm(-1) from the observed transition energy for Tr in p-DCB prepared as a film on a coverslip (572 nm). Each of these two sites is characterized by measuring their single-molecule spectroscopic parameters at 1.5 K. Lifetime-limited linewidths of 45±5 MHz are found for both sites. Fluorescence detection rates reach 8×10(4) count s(-1) at saturation. The spectral trails of the majority of single molecules show no spectral jumps, indicating an absence of interacting two-level systems; however, the small distribution of linewidths may indicate weak interactions with low-frequency modes. Frequency jumps are observed for 10 % of the molecules. The complete emission spectra from two different single molecules at the center of each of the two sites is presented. Debye-Waller factors of αDW=0.33±0.05 for the normal site (572 nm) and αDW=0.30±0.05 for the red site (597 nm) are reported. This new host-guest system provides a quick and easy way to obtain lifetime-limited single-molecule lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Navarro
- MoNOS, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden (The Netherlands)
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76
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Zhang Z, Huang J, Yuan Q, Dong B. Intercalated graphitic carbon nitride: a fascinating two-dimensional nanomaterial for an ultra-sensitive humidity nanosensor. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:9250-6. [PMID: 24981972 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01570c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We develop a novel humidity nanosensor based on intercalated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C(3)N(4)) nanosheets fabricated by a facile thermal polymerization of common urea in the presence of LiCl as the intercalated guest under air and ambient pressure. The response and recovery times of an optimal nanosensor can reach ∼ 0.9 s and ∼ 1.4 s, respectively, which are superior to most of the traditional oxide ceramic-based humidity nanosensors tested under similar conditions. By combining with the theoretical calculations, it is proposed that the ultrafast response-recovery time for this nanosensor is attributed to their unique 2D intercalated nanostructure by which Li species linked with the "nitrogen pots" of g-C(3)N(4) can make the protons conduct in the first adsorbed water layer. Meanwhile, the physically adsorbed water on the surface of LiCl-intercalated g-C(3)N(4) nanosheets can be desorbed rapidly at a relative lower RH environment due to their high adsorption energy and the strong diffusion effect of water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, 116600, PR China.
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77
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Tiarks D, Baur S, Schneider K, Dürr S, Rempe G. Single-photon transistor using a Förster resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:053602. [PMID: 25126919 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.053602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An all-optical transistor is a device in which a gate light pulse switches the transmission of a target light pulse with a gain above unity. The gain quantifies the change of the transmitted target photon number per incoming gate photon. We study the quantum limit of one incoming gate photon and observe a gain of 20. The gate pulse is stored as a Rydberg excitation in an ultracold gas. The transmission of the subsequent target pulse is suppressed by Rydberg blockade, which is enhanced by a Förster resonance. The detected target photons reveal in a single shot with a fidelity above 0.86 whether a Rydberg excitation was created during the gate pulse. The gain offers the possibility to distribute the transistor output to the inputs of many transistors, thus making complex computational tasks possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tiarks
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Simon Baur
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Katharina Schneider
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan Dürr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rempe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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78
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Gorniaczyk H, Tresp C, Schmidt J, Fedder H, Hofferberth S. Single-photon transistor mediated by interstate Rydberg interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:053601. [PMID: 25126918 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.053601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the realization of an all-optical transistor by mapping gate and source photons into strongly interacting Rydberg excitations with different principal quantum numbers in an ultracold atomic ensemble. We obtain a record switch contrast of 40% for a coherent gate input with mean photon number one and demonstrate attenuation of source transmission by over ten photons with a single gate photon. We use our optical transistor to demonstrate the nondestructive detection of a single Rydberg atom with a fidelity of 0.72(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gorniaczyk
- 5. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C Tresp
- 5. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Schmidt
- 5. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H Fedder
- 3. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Hofferberth
- 5. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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79
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80
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Nissim R, Pejkic A, Myslivets E, Kuo BP, Alic N, Radic S. Ultrafast optical control by few photons in engineered fiber. Science 2014; 345:417-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1253125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Nissim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - A. Pejkic
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - E. Myslivets
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - B. P. Kuo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - N. Alic
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - S. Radic
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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81
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Werlang T, Marchiori MA, Cornelio MF, Valente D. Optimal rectification in the ultrastrong coupling regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:062109. [PMID: 25019727 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.062109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We study the effect of ultrastrong coupling on the transport of heat. In particular, we present a condition for optimal rectification, i.e., flow of heat in one direction and complete isolation in the opposite direction. We show that the strong-coupling formalism is necessary for correctly describing heat flow in a wide range of parameters, including moderate to low couplings. We present a situation in which the strong-coupling formalism predicts optimal rectification whereas the phenomenological approach predicts no heat flow in any direction, for the same parameter values.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Werlang
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá MT, Brazil
| | - M A Marchiori
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá MT, Brazil
| | - M F Cornelio
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá MT, Brazil
| | - D Valente
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá MT, Brazil
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82
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Gennaro SD, Sonnefraud Y, Verellen N, Van Dorpe P, Moshchalkov VV, Maier SA, Oulton RF. Spectral interferometric microscopy reveals absorption by individual optical nanoantennas from extinction phase. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3748. [PMID: 24781663 PMCID: PMC4015323 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical antennas transform light from freely propagating waves into highly localized excitations that interact strongly with matter. Unlike their radio frequency counterparts, optical antennas are nanoscopic and high frequency, making amplitude and phase measurements challenging and leaving some information hidden. Here we report a novel spectral interferometric microscopy technique to expose the amplitude and phase response of individual optical antennas across an octave of the visible to near-infrared spectrum. Although it is a far-field technique, we show that knowledge of the extinction phase allows quantitative estimation of nanoantenna absorption, which is a near-field quantity. To verify our method we characterize gold ring-disk dimers exhibiting Fano interference. Our results reveal that Fano interference only cancels a bright mode’s scattering, leaving residual extinction dominated by absorption. Spectral interference microscopy has the potential for real-time and single-shot phase and amplitude investigations of isolated quantum and classical antennas with applications across the physical and life sciences. Absorption by an optical nanoantenna determines its interaction strength with light, yet this quantity is hidden from conventional spectroscopy. Gennaro et al. now demonstrate a spectroscopic technique that reveals a nanoantenna’s absorption by recovering its amplitude and phase response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain D Gennaro
- Department of Physics, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yannick Sonnefraud
- Department of Physics, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Niels Verellen
- 1] INPAC, K. U. Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200 D, Leuven B-3001, Belgium [2] IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Pol Van Dorpe
- 1] INPAC, K. U. Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200 D, Leuven B-3001, Belgium [2] IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | | | - Stefan A Maier
- Department of Physics, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rupert F Oulton
- Department of Physics, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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83
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Pärs M, Gradmann M, Gräf K, Bauer P, Thelakkat M, Köhler J. Optical gating with organic building blocks. A quantitative model for the fluorescence modulation of photochromic perylene bisimide dithienylcyclopentene triads. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4316. [PMID: 24614963 PMCID: PMC3949285 DOI: 10.1038/srep04316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the capability of molecular triads, consisting of two strong fluorophores that were covalently linked to a photochromic molecule, for optical gating. Therefore we monitored the fluorescence intensity of the fluorophores as a function of the isomeric state of the photoswitch. From the analysis of our data we develop a kinetic model that allows us to predict quantitatively the degree of the fluorescence modulation as a function of the mutual intensities of the lasers that are used to induce the fluorescence and the switching of the photochromic unit. We find that the achievable contrast for the modulation of the fluorescence depends mainly on the intensity ratio of the two light beams and appears to be very robust against absolute changes of these intensities. The latter result provides valuable information for the development of all-optical circuits which would require to handle different signal strengths for the input and output levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martti Pärs
- Experimental Physics IV, University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael Gradmann
- Experimental Physics IV, University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Katja Gräf
- Applied Functional Polymers, University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Peter Bauer
- 1] Applied Functional Polymers, University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth, Germany [2]
| | - Mukundan Thelakkat
- Applied Functional Polymers, University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- Experimental Physics IV, University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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84
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Heber A, Selmke M, Cichos F. Metal nanoparticle based all-optical photothermal light modulator. ACS NANO 2014; 8:1893-1898. [PMID: 24437364 DOI: 10.1021/nn406389f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple scheme for the manipulation of light intensity by light mediated by a dissipative process. The implementation employs the heat released by an optically excited plasmonic metal nanoparticle to control the size of an isotropic bubble in a nematic liquid crystal film. The nematic film is designed as a zero-order half-wave plate that rotates an incident probe light polarization by π/2 and is blocked by an analyzing polarizer behind the structure. The growing isotropic bubble disturbs the half-wave plate and causes the probe to be transmitted through the modulator structure. Our results demonstrate that dissipative processes may be advantageously used to control light by light.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Heber
- Molecular Nanophotonics Group, Institute of Experimental Physics I, Universität Leipzig , 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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85
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Baur S, Tiarks D, Rempe G, Dürr S. Single-photon switch based on Rydberg blockade. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:073901. [PMID: 24579599 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.073901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
All-optical switching is a technique in which a gate light pulse changes the transmission of a target light pulse without the detour via electronic signal processing. We take this to the quantum regime, where the incoming gate light pulse contains only one photon on average. The gate pulse is stored as a Rydberg excitation in an ultracold atomic gas using electromagnetically induced transparency. Rydberg blockade suppresses the transmission of the subsequent target pulse. Finally, the stored gate photon can be retrieved. A retrieved photon heralds successful storage. The corresponding postselected subensemble shows an extinction of 0.05. The single-photon switch offers many interesting perspectives ranging from quantum communication to quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Baur
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Daniel Tiarks
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rempe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan Dürr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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86
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Sun L, Diaz-Fernandez YA, Gschneidtner TA, Westerlund F, Lara-Avila S, Moth-Poulsen K. Single-molecule electronics: from chemical design to functional devices. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:7378-411. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of single molecules in electronics represents the next limit of miniaturisation of electronic devices, which would enable to continue the trend of aggressive downscaling of silicon-based electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- , Sweden
| | - Yuri A. Diaz-Fernandez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- , Sweden
| | - Tina A. Gschneidtner
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- , Sweden
| | - Fredrik Westerlund
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- , Sweden
| | - Samuel Lara-Avila
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology
- MC2
- Chalmers University of Technology
- , Sweden
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- , Sweden
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87
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Kozankiewicz B, Orrit M. Single-molecule photophysics, from cryogenic to ambient conditions. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:1029-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60165j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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88
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Zhu MQ, Chen T, Zhang GF, Li C, Gong WL, Chen ZQ, Aldred MP. Spiropyran-based biodegradable polymer all-optical transistors integrate the switching and modulation of visible light frequency. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2664-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49016e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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89
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Shi J, Zheng X, Xie L, Cao F, Wu Y, Liu W. Film-forming characteristics and thermal stability of low viscosity benzoxazines derived from melamine. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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90
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Park J, Lee S, Lee J, Yong K. A light incident angle switchable ZnO nanorod memristor: reversible switching behavior between two non-volatile memory devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:6423-9. [PMID: 23996234 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A light incident angle selectivity of a memory device is demonstrated. As a model system, the ZnO resistive switching device has been selected. Electrical signal is reversibly switched between memristor and resistor behaviors by modulating the light incident angle on the device. Moreover, a liquid passivation layer is introduced to achieve stable and reversible exchange between the memristor and WORM behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjoo Park
- Surface Chemistry Laboratory of Electronic Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang, 790-784, Korea
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91
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van Loo AF, Fedorov A, Lalumiere K, Sanders BC, Blais A, Wallraff A. Photon-Mediated Interactions Between Distant Artificial Atoms. Science 2013; 342:1494-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1244324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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92
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Zengin G, Johansson G, Johansson P, Antosiewicz TJ, Käll M, Shegai T. Approaching the strong coupling limit in single plasmonic nanorods interacting with J-aggregates. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3074. [PMID: 24166360 PMCID: PMC3810662 DOI: 10.1038/srep03074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied scattering and extinction of individual silver nanorods coupled to the J-aggregate form of the cyanine dye TDBC as a function of plasmon – exciton detuning. The measured single particle spectra exhibited a strongly suppressed scattering and extinction rate at wavelengths corresponding to the J-aggregate absorption band, signaling strong interaction between the localized surface plasmon of the metal core and the exciton of the surrounding molecular shell. In the context of strong coupling theory, the observed “transparency dips” correspond to an average vacuum Rabi splitting of the order of 100 meV, which approaches the plasmon dephasing rate and, thereby, the strong coupling limit for the smallest investigated particles. These findings could pave the way towards ultra-strong light-matter interaction on the nanoscale and active plasmonic devices operating at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülis Zengin
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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93
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Liu L, Liu S, Chen X, Li C, Ling J, Liu X, Cai Y, Wang L. Switching molecular orientation of individual fullerene at room temperature. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3062. [PMID: 24162548 PMCID: PMC3808809 DOI: 10.1038/srep03062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible molecular switches with molecular orientation as the information carrier have been achieved on individual fullerene molecules adsorbed on Si (111) surface at room temperature. Scanning tunneling microscopy imaging directly demonstrates that the orientation of individual fullerene with an adsorption geometry of 5-6 bond is rotated by integral times as 30 degree after a pulse bias is applied between the STM tip and the molecule. Dependences of the molecular rotation probability on the voltage and the process of applied bias reveal that the rotation of a fullerene molecule takes place in two successive steps: the bonding between the fullerene and the Si surface is firstly weakened via electronic excitation and then low energy electron bombardment causes the molecule to rotate by certain degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacheng Liu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
| | - Shuyi Liu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ling
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
| | - Yingxiang Cai
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R. China
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
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94
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On-chip time resolved detection of quantum dot emission using integrated superconducting single photon detectors. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1901. [PMID: 23712624 PMCID: PMC3664895 DOI: 10.1038/srep01901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the routing of quantum light emitted by self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) into the optical modes of a GaAs ridge waveguide and its efficient detection on-chip via evanescent coupling to NbN superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SSPDs). The waveguide coupled SSPDs primarily detect QD luminescence, with scattered photons from the excitation laser onto the proximal detector being negligible by comparison. The SSPD detection efficiency from the evanescently coupled waveguide modes is shown to be two orders of magnitude larger when compared with operation under normal incidence illumination, due to the much longer optical interaction length. Furthermore, in-situ time resolved measurements performed using the integrated detector show an average QD spontaneous emission lifetime of 0.95 ns, measured with a timing jitter of only 72 ps. The performance metrics of the SSPD integrated directly onto GaAs nano-photonic hardware confirms the strong potential for on-chip few-photon quantum optics using such semiconductor-superconductor hybrid systems.
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95
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Chen W, Beck KM, Bücker R, Gullans M, Lukin MD, Tanji-Suzuki H, Vuletić V. All-optical switch and transistor gated by one stored photon. Science 2013; 341:768-70. [PMID: 23828886 DOI: 10.1126/science.1238169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The realization of an all-optical transistor, in which one "gate" photon controls a "source" light beam, is a long-standing goal in optics. By stopping a light pulse in an atomic ensemble contained inside an optical resonator, we realized a device in which one stored gate photon controls the resonator transmission of subsequently applied source photons. A weak gate pulse induces bimodal transmission distribution, corresponding to zero and one gate photons. One stored gate photon produces fivefold source attenuation and can be retrieved from the atomic ensemble after switching more than one source photon. Without retrieval, one stored gate photon can switch several hundred source photons. With improved storage and retrieval efficiency, our work may enable various new applications, including photonic quantum gates and deterministic multiphoton entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Chen
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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96
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Ballarini D, De Giorgi M, Cancellieri E, Houdré R, Giacobino E, Cingolani R, Bramati A, Gigli G, Sanvitto D. All-optical polariton transistor. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1778. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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97
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Switching and amplification in disordered lasing resonators. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1740. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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98
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Roy D. Cascaded two-photon nonlinearity in a one-dimensional waveguide with multiple two-level emitters. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2337. [PMID: 23948782 PMCID: PMC3744801 DOI: 10.1038/srep02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose and theoretically investigate a model to realize cascaded optical nonlinearity with few atoms and photons in one-dimension (1D). The optical nonlinearity in our system is mediated by resonant interactions of photons with two-level emitters, such as atoms or quantum dots in a 1D photonic waveguide. Multi-photon transmission in the waveguide is nonreciprocal when the emitters have different transition energies. Our theory provides a clear physical understanding of the origin of nonreciprocity in the presence of cascaded nonlinearity. We show how various two-photon nonlinear effects including spatial attraction and repulsion between photons, background fluorescence can be tuned by changing the number of emitters and the coupling between emitters (controlled by the separation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Roy
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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99
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Beha K, Fedder H, Wolfer M, Becker MC, Siyushev P, Jamali M, Batalov A, Hinz C, Hees J, Kirste L, Obloh H, Gheeraert E, Naydenov B, Jakobi I, Dolde F, Pezzagna S, Twittchen D, Markham M, Dregely D, Giessen H, Meijer J, Jelezko F, Nebel CE, Bratschitsch R, Leitenstorfer A, Wrachtrup J. Diamond nanophotonics. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 3:895-908. [PMID: 23365803 PMCID: PMC3554578 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.3.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the coupling of single color centers in diamond to plasmonic and dielectric photonic structures to realize novel nanophotonic devices. Nanometer spatial control in the creation of single color centers in diamond is achieved by implantation of nitrogen atoms through high-aspect-ratio channels in a mica mask. Enhanced broadband single-photon emission is demonstrated by coupling nitrogen-vacancy centers to plasmonic resonators, such as metallic nanoantennas. Improved photon-collection efficiency and directed emission is demonstrated by solid immersion lenses and micropillar cavities. Thereafter, the coupling of diamond nanocrystals to the guided modes of micropillar resonators is discussed along with experimental results. Finally, we present a gas-phase-doping approach to incorporate color centers based on nickel and tungsten, in situ into diamond using microwave-plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The fabrication of silicon-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds by microwave-plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition is discussed in addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Beha
- Department of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Helmut Fedder
- 3. Physikalisches Institut and Scope Research Centre University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marco Wolfer
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Merle C Becker
- 3. Physikalisches Institut and Scope Research Centre University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Petr Siyushev
- 3. Physikalisches Institut and Scope Research Centre University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mohammad Jamali
- 3. Physikalisches Institut and Scope Research Centre University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anton Batalov
- Department of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christopher Hinz
- Department of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jakob Hees
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Lutz Kirste
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Harald Obloh
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | | | - Boris Naydenov
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ingmar Jakobi
- 3. Physikalisches Institut and Scope Research Centre University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Florian Dolde
- 3. Physikalisches Institut and Scope Research Centre University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Dregely
- 4. Physikalisches Institut and Scope Research Centre, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Harald Giessen
- 4. Physikalisches Institut and Scope Research Centre, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Meijer
- RUBION, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph E Nebel
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | | | | | - Jörg Wrachtrup
- 3. Physikalisches Institut and Scope Research Centre University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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100
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Loo V, Arnold C, Gazzano O, Lemaître A, Sagnes I, Krebs O, Voisin P, Senellart P, Lanco L. Optical nonlinearity for few-photon pulses on a quantum dot-pillar cavity device. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:166806. [PMID: 23215114 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.166806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Giant optical nonlinearity is observed under both continuous wave and pulsed excitation in a deterministically coupled quantum dot-micropillar system, in a pronounced strong-coupling regime. Using absolute reflectivity measurements we determine the critical intracavity photon number as well as the input and output coupling efficiencies of the device. Thanks to a near-unity input-coupling efficiency, we demonstrate a record nonlinearity threshold of only 8 incident photons per pulse. The output-coupling efficiency is found to strongly influence this nonlinearity threshold. We show how the fundamental limit of single-photon nonlinearity can be attained in realistic devices, which would provide an effective interaction between two coincident single-photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Loo
- Laboratoire de Photonique et Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
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