51
|
Selection of red fluorescent protein for genetic labeling of mitochondria and intercellular transfer of viable mitochondria. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19841. [PMID: 36400807 PMCID: PMC9674635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of intercellular mitochondrial transfer has attracted great attention in various fields of research, including stem cell biology. Elucidating the mechanism of mitochondrial transfer from healthy stem cells to cells with mitochondrial dysfunction may lead to the development of novel stem cell therapies to treat mitochondrial diseases, among other advances. To visually evaluate and analyze the mitochondrial transfer process, dual fluorescent labeling systems are often used to distinguish the mitochondria of donor and recipient cells. Although enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) has been well-characterized for labeling mitochondria, other colors of fluorescent protein have been less extensively evaluated in the context of mitochondrial transfer. Here, we generated different lentiviral vectors with mitochondria-targeted red fluorescent proteins (RFPs), including DsRed, mCherry (both from Discosoma sp.) Kusabira orange (mKOκ, from Verrillofungia concinna), and TurboRFP (from Entacmaea quadricolor). Among these proteins, mitochondria-targeted DsRed and its variant mCherry often generated bright aggregates in the lysosome while other proteins did not. We further validated that TurboRFP-labeled mitochondria were successfully transferred from amniotic epithelial cells, one of the candidates for donor stem cells, to mitochondria-damaged recipient cells without losing the membrane potential. Our study provides new insight into the genetic labeling of mitochondria with red fluorescent proteins, which may be utilized to analyze the mechanism of intercellular mitochondrial transfer.
Collapse
|
52
|
Arumugam P, Chauhan M, Rajeev T, Chakraborty R, Bisht K, Madan M, Shankaran D, Ramalingam S, Gandotra S, Rao V. The mitochondrial gene-CMPK2 functions as a rheostat for macrophage homeostasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:935710. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.935710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their role in cellular energy production, mitochondria are increasingly recognized as regulators of the innate immune response of phagocytes. Here, we demonstrate that altering expression levels of the mitochondria-associated enzyme, cytidine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2), disrupts mitochondrial physiology and significantly deregulates the resting immune homeostasis of macrophages. Both CMPK2 silenced and constitutively overexpressing macrophage lines portray mitochondrial stress with marked depolarization of their membrane potential, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and disturbed architecture culminating in the enhanced expression of the pro-inflammatory genes IL1β, TNFα, and IL8. Interestingly, the long-term modulation of CMPK2 expression resulted in an increased glycolytic flux of macrophages akin to the altered physiological state of activated M1 macrophages. While infection-induced inflammation for restricting pathogens is regulated, our observation of a total dysregulation of basal inflammation by bidirectional alteration of CMPK2 expression only highlights the critical role of this gene in mitochondria-mediated control of inflammation.
Collapse
|
53
|
Tjahjono E, Kirienko DR, Kirienko NV. The emergent role of mitochondrial surveillance in cellular health. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13710. [PMID: 36088658 PMCID: PMC9649602 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the primary causatives for many pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, metabolic disorders, and aging. Decline in mitochondrial functions leads to the loss of proteostasis, accumulation of ROS, and mitochondrial DNA damage, which further exacerbates mitochondrial deterioration in a vicious cycle. Surveillance mechanisms, in which mitochondrial functions are closely monitored for any sign of perturbations, exist to anticipate possible havoc within these multifunctional organelles with primitive origin. Various indicators of unhealthy mitochondria, including halted protein import, dissipated membrane potential, and increased loads of oxidative damage, are on the top of the lists for close monitoring. Recent research also indicates a possibility of reductive stress being monitored as part of a mitochondrial surveillance program. Upon detection of mitochondrial stress, multiple mitochondrial stress-responsive pathways are activated to promote the transcription of numerous nuclear genes to ameliorate mitochondrial damage and restore compromised cellular functions. Co-expression occurs through functionalization of transcription factors, allowing their binding to promoter elements to initiate transcription of target genes. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the intricacy of mitochondrial surveillance programs and highlights their roles in our cellular life. Ultimately, a better understanding of these surveillance mechanisms is expected to improve healthspan.
Collapse
|
54
|
Liu S, Liu S, Jiang H. Multifaceted roles of mitochondrial stress responses under ETC dysfunction - repair, destruction and pathogenesis. FEBS J 2022; 289:6994-7013. [PMID: 34918460 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport chain (ETC) dysfunction is a common feature of mitochondrial diseases and induces severe cellular stresses, including mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm ) reduction, mitochondrial matrix acidification, metabolic derangements and proteostatic stresses. Extensive studies of ETC dysfunction in yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, cultured cells and mouse models have revealed multiple mitochondrial stress response pathways. Here, we summarise the current understanding of the triggers, sensors, signalling mechanisms and the functional outcomes of mitochondrial stress responses in different species. We highlight Δψm reduction as a major trigger of stress responses in different species, but the responses are species-specific and the outcomes are context-dependent. ETC dysfunction elicits a mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt ) to repair damaged mitochondria in C. elegans, and activates a global adaptive programme to maintain Δψm in yeast. Yeast and C. elegans responses are remarkably similar at the downstream responses, although they are activated by different signalling mechanisms. UPRmt generally protects ETC-defective worms, but its constitutive activation is toxic for wildtype worms and worms carrying mutant mtDNA. In contrast to lower organisms, ETC dysfunction in mammals mainly activates a mitochondrial integrated stress response (ISRmt ) to reprogramme metabolism and a PINK1-Parkin mitophagy pathway to degrade damaged mitochondria. Accumulating in vivo results suggest that the ATF4 branch of ISRmt exacerbates metabolic derangements to accelerate mitochondrial disease progression. The in vivo roles of mitophagy in mitochondrial diseases are also context-dependent. These results thus reveal the common and unique aspects of mitochondrial stress responses in different species and highlight their multifaceted roles in mitochondrial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Biology for Animal Aging, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Biology for Animal Aging, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Biology for Animal Aging, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Uszczynska-Ratajczak B, Sugunan S, Kwiatkowska M, Migdal M, Carbonell-Sala S, Sokol A, Winata CL, Chacinska A. Profiling subcellular localization of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial gene products in zebrafish. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 6:6/1/e202201514. [PMID: 36283702 PMCID: PMC9595208 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Most mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, synthetized in the cytosol and targeted into the organelle. To characterize the spatial organization of mitochondrial gene products in zebrafish (Danio rerio), we sequenced RNA from different cellular fractions. Our results confirmed the presence of nuclear-encoded mRNAs in the mitochondrial fraction, which in unperturbed conditions, are mainly transcripts encoding large proteins with specific properties, like transmembrane domains. To further explore the principles of mitochondrial protein compartmentalization in zebrafish, we quantified the transcriptomic changes for each subcellular fraction triggered by the chchd4a -/- mutation, causing the disorders in the mitochondrial protein import. Our results indicate that the proteostatic stress further restricts the population of transcripts on the mitochondrial surface, allowing only the largest and the most evolutionary conserved proteins to be synthetized there. We also show that many nuclear-encoded mitochondrial transcripts translated by the cytosolic ribosomes stay resistant to the global translation shutdown. Thus, vertebrates, in contrast to yeast, are not likely to use localized translation to facilitate synthesis of mitochondrial proteins under proteostatic stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Uszczynska-Ratajczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland .,Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sreedevi Sugunan
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland,International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Kwiatkowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland,Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland,International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Migdal
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Silvia Carbonell-Sala
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Sokol
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany,Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Cecilia L Winata
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chacinska
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Inter-organellar and systemic responses to impaired mitochondrial matrix protein import in skeletal muscle. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1060. [PMID: 36198903 PMCID: PMC9534917 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective protein import from cytosol is critical for mitochondrial functions and metabolic regulation. We describe here the mammalian muscle-specific and systemic consequences to disrupted mitochondrial matrix protein import by targeted deletion of the mitochondrial HSP70 co-chaperone GRPEL1. Muscle-specific loss of GRPEL1 caused rapid muscle atrophy, accompanied by shut down of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, and excessive triggering of proteotoxic stress responses. Transcriptome analysis identified new responders to mitochondrial protein import toxicity, such as the neurological disease-linked intermembrane space protein CHCHD10. Besides communication with ER and nucleus, we identified crosstalk of distressed mitochondria with peroxisomes, in particular the induction of peroxisomal Acyl-CoA oxidase 2 (ACOX2), which we propose as an ATF4-regulated peroxisomal marker of integrated stress response. Metabolic profiling indicated fatty acid enrichment in muscle, a shift in TCA cycle intermediates in serum and muscle, and dysregulated bile acids. Our results demonstrate the fundamental importance of GRPEL1 and provide a robust model for detecting mammalian inter-organellar and systemic responses to impaired mitochondrial matrix protein import and folding.
Collapse
|
57
|
Savu DI, Moisoi N. Mitochondria - Nucleus communication in neurodegenerative disease. Who talks first, who talks louder? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148588. [PMID: 35780856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria - nuclear coadaptation has been central to eukaryotic evolution. The dynamic dialogue between the two compartments within the context of multiorganellar interactions is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and directing the balance survival-death in case of cellular stress. The conceptualisation of mitochondria - nucleus communication has so far been focused on the communication from the mitochondria under stress to the nucleus and the consequent signalling responses, as well as from the nucleus to mitochondria in the context of DNA damage and repair. During ageing processes this dialogue may be better viewed as an integrated bidirectional 'talk' with feedback loops that expand beyond these two organelles depending on physiological cues. Here we explore the current views on mitochondria - nucleus dialogue and its role in maintaining cellular health with a focus on brain cells and neurodegenerative disease. Thus, we detail the transcriptional responses initiated by mitochondrial dysfunction in order to protect itself and the general cellular homeostasis. Additionally, we are reviewing the knowledge of the stress pathways initiated by DNA damage which affect mitochondria homeostasis and we add the information provided by the study of combined mitochondrial and genotoxic damage. Finally, we reflect on how each organelle may take the lead in this dialogue in an ageing context where both compartments undergo accumulation of stress and damage and where, perhaps, even the communications' mechanisms may suffer interruptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Iulia Savu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului 30, P.O. Box MG-6, Magurele 077125, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Moisoi
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Leicester Institute for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Faculty of Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Hawthorn Building 1.03, LE1 9BH Leicester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Waite KA, Roelofs J. Proteasome granule formation is regulated through mitochondrial respiration and kinase signaling. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259778. [PMID: 35975718 PMCID: PMC9482347 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, proteasomes are enriched in cell nuclei, in which they execute important cellular functions. Nutrient stress can change this localization, indicating that proteasomes respond to the metabolic state of the cell. However, the signals that connect these processes remain poorly understood. Carbon starvation triggers a reversible translocation of proteasomes to cytosolic condensates known as proteasome storage granules. Surprisingly, we observed strongly reduced levels of proteasome granules when cells had active cellular respiration prior to starvation. This suggests that the mitochondrial activity of cells is a determining factor in the response of proteasomes to carbon starvation. Consistent with this, upon inhibition of mitochondrial function, we observed that proteasomes relocalize to granules. These links between proteasomes and metabolism involve specific signaling pathways, as we identified a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that is critical to the formation of proteasome granules after respiratory growth but not following glycolytic growth. Furthermore, the yeast homolog of AMP kinase, Snf1, is important for proteasome granule formation induced by mitochondrial inhibitors, but it is dispensable for granule formation following carbon starvation. We propose a model in which mitochondrial activity promotes nuclear localization of the proteasome. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeroen Roelofs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., HLSIC 1077, Kansas City, KS 66160-7421, USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Macrophage Polarization Mediated by Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induces Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169252. [PMID: 36012516 PMCID: PMC9409464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the prominent global health issues, contributing to the growing prevalence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is considered as a key risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in adipose tissue and play an important role in adipose tissue inflammation. Mitochondria are critical for regulating macrophage polarization, differentiation, and survival. Changes to mitochondrial metabolism and physiology induced by extracellular signals may underlie the corresponding state of macrophage activation. Macrophage mitochondrial dysfunction is a key mediator of obesity-induced macrophage inflammatory response and subsequent systemic insulin resistance. Mitochondrial dysfunction drives the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which induces the release of IL-1β. IL-1β leads to decreased insulin sensitivity of insulin target cells via paracrine signaling or infiltration into the systemic circulation. In this review, we discuss the new findings on how obesity induces macrophage mitochondrial dysfunction and how mitochondrial dysfunction induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We also summarize therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria for the treatment of diabetes.
Collapse
|
60
|
Activation of the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response: A New Therapeutic Target? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071611. [PMID: 35884915 PMCID: PMC9313171 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key hub that is common to many diseases. Mitochondria’s role in energy production, calcium homeostasis, and ROS balance makes them essential for cell survival and fitness. However, there are no effective treatments for most mitochondrial and related diseases to this day. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches, such as activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), are being examined. UPRmt englobes several compensation processes related to proteostasis and antioxidant mechanisms. UPRmt activation, through an hormetic response, promotes cell homeostasis and improves lifespan and disease conditions in biological models of neurodegenerative diseases, cardiopathies, and mitochondrial diseases. Although UPRmt activation is a promising therapeutic option for many conditions, its overactivation could lead to non-desired side effects, such as increased heteroplasmy of mitochondrial DNA mutations or cancer progression in oncologic patients. In this review, we present the most recent UPRmt activation therapeutic strategies, UPRmt’s role in diseases, and its possible negative consequences in particular pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
61
|
Ford HC, Allen WJ, Pereira GC, Liu X, Dillingham MS, Collinson I. Towards a molecular mechanism underlying mitochondrial protein import through the TOM and TIM23 complexes. eLife 2022; 11:75426. [PMID: 35674314 PMCID: PMC9255969 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly all mitochondrial proteins need to be targeted for import from the cytosol. For the majority, the first port of call is the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM complex), followed by a procession of alternative molecular machines, conducting transport to their final destination. The pre-sequence translocase of the inner membrane (TIM23-complex) imports proteins with cleavable pre-sequences. Progress in understanding these transport mechanisms has been hampered by the poor sensitivity and time resolution of import assays. However, with the development of an assay based on split NanoLuc luciferase, we can now explore this process in greater detail. Here, we apply this new methodology to understand how ∆ψ and ATP hydrolysis, the two main driving forces for import into the matrix, contribute to the transport of pre-sequence-containing precursors (PCPs) with varying properties. Notably, we found that two major rate-limiting steps define PCP import time: passage of PCP across the outer membrane and initiation of inner membrane transport by the pre-sequence - the rates of which are influenced by PCP size and net charge. The apparent distinction between transport through the two membranes (passage through TOM is substantially complete before PCP-TIM engagement) is in contrast with the current view that import occurs through TOM and TIM in a single continuous step. Our results also indicate that PCPs spend very little time in the TIM23 channel - presumably rapid success or failure of import is critical for maintenance of mitochondrial fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly C Ford
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - William J Allen
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gonçalo C Pereira
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian Collinson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Dewar CE, Oeljeklaus S, Mani J, Mühlhäuser WWD, von Känel C, Zimmermann J, Ochsenreiter T, Warscheid B, Schneider A. Mistargeting of aggregation prone mitochondrial proteins activates a nucleus-mediated posttranscriptional quality control pathway in trypanosomes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3084. [PMID: 35654893 PMCID: PMC9163028 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein import in the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei is mediated by the atypical outer membrane translocase, ATOM. It consists of seven subunits including ATOM69, the import receptor for hydrophobic proteins. Ablation of ATOM69, but not of any other subunit, triggers a unique quality control pathway resulting in the proteasomal degradation of non-imported mitochondrial proteins. The process requires a protein of unknown function, an E3 ubiquitin ligase and the ubiquitin-like protein (TbUbL1), which all are recruited to the mitochondrion upon ATOM69 depletion. TbUbL1 is a nuclear protein, a fraction of which is released to the cytosol upon triggering of the pathway. Nuclear release is essential as cytosolic TbUbL1 can bind mislocalised mitochondrial proteins and likely transfers them to the proteasome. Mitochondrial quality control has previously been studied in yeast and metazoans. Finding such a pathway in the highly diverged trypanosomes suggests such pathways are an obligate feature of all eukaryotes. Mitochondria import most of their proteins posttranslationally. Here, Dewar et al. characterize the mitochondrial quality control mechanism of Trypanosoma brucei. Through proteomics and functional studies, they show that only ablation of ATOM69, one of the seven subunits of its mitochondrial protein translocase, triggers a unique quality control pathway resulting in TbUbL1 release from the nucleus and subsequent proteasomal degradation of non-imported mitochondrial proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Dewar
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Silke Oeljeklaus
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Theodor Boveri-Institute, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Mani
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Wignand W D Mühlhäuser
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corinne von Känel
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Zimmermann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Theodor Boveri-Institute, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Ochsenreiter
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Theodor Boveri-Institute, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. .,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - André Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Zhou C. The Molecular and Functional Interaction Between Membrane-Bound Organelles and Membrane-Less Condensates. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:896305. [PMID: 35547815 PMCID: PMC9081682 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.896305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A major recent advance in cell biology is the mechanistic and kinetic understanding of biogenesis of many membrane-less condensates. As membrane-less condensates and membrane-bound organelles are two major approaches used by the eukaryotic cells to organize cellular contents, it is not surprising that these membrane-less condensates interact with the membrane-bound organelles and are dynamically regulated by the cellular signaling, metabolic states, and proteostasis network. In this review, I will discuss recent progress in the biogenesis of membrane-less condensates and their connections with well-studied membrane-bound organelles. Future work will reveal the molecular and functional connectome among different condensates and membrane-bound organelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuankai Zhou
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States.,Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Boosi Narayana Rao K, Pandey P, Sarkar R, Ghosh A, Mansuri S, Ali M, Majumder P, Ranjith Kumar K, Ray A, Raychaudhuri S, Mapa K. Stress Responses Elicited by Misfolded Proteins Targeted to Mitochondria. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167618. [PMID: 35500842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The double-membrane-bound architecture of mitochondria, essential for ATP production, sub-divides the organelle into inter-membrane space (IMS) and matrix. IMS and matrix possess contrasting oxido-reductive environments and discrete protein quality control (PQC) machineries resulting inherent differences in their protein folding environments. To understand the nature of stress response elicited by equivalent proteotoxic stress to these sub-mitochondrial compartments, we took misfolding and aggregation-prone stressor proteins and fused it to well described signal sequences to specifically target and impart stress to yeast mitochondrial IMS or matrix. We show, mitochondrial proteotoxicity leads to growth arrest of yeast cells of varying degrees depending on nature of stressor proteins and the intra-mitochondrial location of stress. Next, by employing transcriptomics and proteomics, we report a comprehensive stress response elicited by stressor proteins specifically targeted to mitochondrial matrix or IMS. A general response to proteotoxic stress by mitochondria-targeted misfolded proteins is mitochondrial fragmentation, and an adaptive abrogation of mitochondrial respiration with concomitant upregulation of glycolysis. Beyond shared stress responses, specific signatures due to stress within mitochondrial sub-compartments are also revealed. We report that stress-imparted by bipartite signal sequence-fused stressor proteins to IMS, leads to specific upregulation of IMS-chaperones and TOM complex components. In contrast, matrix-targeted stressors lead to specific upregulation of matrix-chaperones and cytosolic PQC components. Finally, by systematic genetic interaction using deletion strains of differentially upregulated genes, we found prominent modulatory role of TOM complex components during IMS-stress response. In contrast, VMS1 markedly modulates the stress response originated from matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Boosi Narayana Rao
- Proteomics and structural Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDG, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Pratima Pandey
- Proteomics and structural Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rajasri Sarkar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Asmita Ghosh
- Proteomics and structural Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDG, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Shemin Mansuri
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Mudassar Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Priyanka Majumder
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - K Ranjith Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Arjun Ray
- Centre for Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Swasti Raychaudhuri
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Koyeli Mapa
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Avendaño-Monsalve MC, Mendoza-Martínez AE, Ponce-Rojas JC, Poot-Hernández AC, Rincón-Heredia R, Funes S. Positively charged amino acids at the N terminus of select mitochondrial proteins mediate early recognition by import proteins αβ'-NAC and Sam37. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101984. [PMID: 35487246 PMCID: PMC9136113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in eukaryotic cells is the proper distribution of nuclear-encoded proteins to the correct organelles. For a subset of mitochondrial proteins, a signal sequence at the N terminus (matrix-targeting sequence [MTS]) is recognized by protein complexes to ensure their proper translocation into the organelle. However, the early steps of mitochondrial protein targeting remain undeciphered. The cytosolic chaperone nascent polypeptide–associated complex (NAC), which in yeast is represented as the two different heterodimers αβ-NAC and αβ′-NAC, has been proposed to be involved during the early steps of mitochondrial protein targeting. We have previously described that the mitochondrial outer membrane protein Sam37 interacts with αβ′-NAC and together promote the import of specific mitochondrial precursor proteins. In this work, we aimed to detect the region in the MTS of mitochondrial precursors relevant for their recognition by αβ′-NAC during their sorting to the mitochondria. We used targeting signals of different mitochondrial proteins (αβ′-NAC-dependent Oxa1 and αβ′-NAC-independent Mdm38) and fused them to GFP to study their intracellular localization by biochemical and microscopy methods, and in addition followed their import kinetics in vivo. Our results reveal the presence of a positively charged amino acid cluster in the MTS of select mitochondrial precursors, such as Oxa1 and Fum1, which are crucial for their recognition by αβ′-NAC. Furthermore, we explored the presence of this cluster at the N terminus of the mitochondrial proteome and propose a set of precursors whose proper localization depends on both αβ′-NAC and Sam37.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara Avendaño-Monsalve
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Cd.Mx., Mexico
| | - Ariann E Mendoza-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Cd.Mx., Mexico
| | - José Carlos Ponce-Rojas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Augusto César Poot-Hernández
- Unidad de Bioinformática y Manejo de la Información, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Cd.Mx., Mexico
| | - Ruth Rincón-Heredia
- Unidad de Imagenología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Cd.Mx., Mexico
| | - Soledad Funes
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Cd.Mx., Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Eldeeb MA, Thomas RA, Ragheb MA, Fallahi A, Fon EA. Mitochondrial quality control in health and in Parkinson's disease. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1721-1755. [PMID: 35466694 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a central hub for cellular metabolism and intracellular signalling, the mitochondrion is a pivotal organelle, dysfunction of which has been linked to several human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, and in particular Parkinson's disease. An inherent challenge that mitochondria face is the continuous exposure to diverse stresses which increase their likelihood of dysregulation. In response, eukaryotic cells have evolved sophisticated quality control mechanisms to monitor, identify, repair and/or eliminate abnormal or misfolded proteins within the mitochondrion and/or the dysfunctional mitochondrion itself. Chaperones identify unstable or otherwise abnormal conformations in mitochondrial proteins and can promote their refolding to recover their correct conformation and stability. However, if repair is not possible, the abnormal protein is selectively degraded to prevent potentially damaging interactions with other proteins or its oligomerization into toxic multimeric complexes. The autophagic-lysosomal system and the ubiquitin-proteasome system mediate the selective and targeted degradation of such abnormal or misfolded protein species. Mitophagy (a specific kind of autophagy) mediates the selective elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria, in order to prevent the deleterious effects the dysfunctional organelles within the cell. Despite our increasing understanding of the molecular responses toward dysfunctional mitochondria, many key aspects remain relatively poorly understood. Herein, we review the emerging mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control including quality control strategies coupled to mitochondrial import mechanisms. In addition, we review the molecular mechanisms regulating mitophagy with an emphasis on the regulation of PINK1/PARKIN-mediated mitophagy in cellular physiology and in the context of Parkinson's disease cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Eldeeb
- McGill Parkinson Program, Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rhalena A Thomas
- McGill Parkinson Program, Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohamed A Ragheb
- Chemistry Department (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Armaan Fallahi
- McGill Parkinson Program, Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- McGill Parkinson Program, Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Fessler E, Krumwiede L, Jae LT. DELE1 tracks perturbed protein import and processing in human mitochondria. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1853. [PMID: 35388015 PMCID: PMC8986780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostatic control of mitochondria is key to age-related diseases and organismal decline. However, it is unknown how the diverse types of stress experienced by mitochondria can be integrated and appropriately responded to in human cells. Here we identify perturbations in the ancient conserved processes of mitochondrial protein import and processing as sources of DELE1 activation: DELE1 is continuously sorted across both mitochondrial membranes into the matrix and detects different types of perturbations along the way. DELE1 molecules in transit can become licensed for mitochondrial release and stress signaling through proteolytic removal of N-terminal sorting signals. Import defects that occur at the mitochondrial surface allow DELE1 precursors to bind and activate downstream factor HRI without the need for cleavage. Genome-wide genetics reveal that DELE1 additionally responds to compromised presequence processing by the matrix proteases PITRM1 and MPP, which are mutated in neurodegenerative diseases. These mechanisms rationalize DELE1-dependent mitochondrial stress integration in the human system and may inform future therapies of neuropathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Fessler
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Luisa Krumwiede
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucas T Jae
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Song J, Becker T. Fidelity of organellar protein targeting. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 75:102071. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
69
|
Liu Q, Chang CE, Wooldredge AC, Fong B, Kennedy BK, Zhou C. Tom70-based transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and aging. eLife 2022; 11:e75658. [PMID: 35234609 PMCID: PMC8926401 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis has two major steps: the transcriptional activation of nuclear genome-encoded mitochondrial proteins and the import of nascent mitochondrial proteins that are synthesized in the cytosol. These nascent mitochondrial proteins are aggregation-prone and can cause cytosolic proteostasis stress. The transcription factor-dependent transcriptional regulations and the TOM-TIM complex-dependent import of nascent mitochondrial proteins have been extensively studied. Yet, little is known regarding how these two steps of mitochondrial biogenesis coordinate with each other to avoid the cytosolic accumulation of these aggregation-prone nascent mitochondrial proteins. Here, we show that in budding yeast, Tom70, a conserved receptor of the TOM complex, moonlights to regulate the transcriptional activity of mitochondrial proteins. Tom70's transcription regulatory role is conserved in Drosophila. The dual roles of Tom70 in both transcription/biogenesis and import of mitochondrial proteins allow the cells to accomplish mitochondrial biogenesis without compromising cytosolic proteostasis. The age-related reduction of Tom70, caused by reduced biogenesis and increased degradation of Tom70, is associated with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, mtDNA, and mitochondrial proteins. While loss of Tom70 accelerates aging and age-related mitochondrial defects, overexpressing TOM70 delays these mitochondrial dysfunctions and extends the replicative lifespan. Our results reveal unexpected roles of Tom70 in mitochondrial biogenesis and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoUnited States
| | | | | | - Benjamin Fong
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoUnited States
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoUnited States
- Healthy Longevity Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
- Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, A(∗)STARSingaporeSingapore
| | - Chuankai Zhou
- Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoUnited States
- USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Lima T, Li TY, Mottis A, Auwerx J. Pleiotropic effects of mitochondria in aging. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:199-213. [PMID: 37118378 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Aging is typified by a progressive decline in mitochondrial activity and stress resilience. Here, we review how mitochondrial stress pathways have pleiotropic effects on cellular and systemic homeostasis, which can comprise protective or detrimental responses during aging. We describe recent evidence arguing that defects in these conserved adaptive pathways contribute to aging and age-related diseases. Signaling pathways regulating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, mitochondrial membrane dynamics, and mitophagy are discussed, emphasizing how their failure contributes to heteroplasmy and de-regulation of key metabolites. Our current understanding of how these processes are controlled and interconnected explains how mitochondria can widely impact fundamental aspects of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanes Lima
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Terytty Yang Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adrienne Mottis
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Mitochondrial protein import determines lifespan through metabolic reprogramming and de novo serine biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:651. [PMID: 35115503 PMCID: PMC8814026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained mitochondrial fitness relies on coordinated biogenesis and clearance. Both processes are regulated by constant targeting of proteins into the organelle. Thus, mitochondrial protein import sets the pace for mitochondrial abundance and function. However, our understanding of mitochondrial protein translocation as a regulator of longevity remains enigmatic. Here, we targeted the main protein import translocases and assessed their contribution to mitochondrial abundance and organismal physiology. We find that reduction in cellular mitochondrial load through mitochondrial protein import system suppression, referred to as MitoMISS, elicits a distinct longevity paradigm. We show that MitoMISS triggers the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, orchestrating an adaptive reprogramming of metabolism. Glycolysis and de novo serine biosynthesis are causatively linked to longevity, whilst mitochondrial chaperone induction is dispensable for lifespan extension. Our findings extent the pro-longevity role of UPRmt and provide insight, relevant to the metabolic alterations that promote or undermine survival and longevity. Mitochondrial function is linked to lifespan. Here the authors show that inhibition of mitochondrial protein import leads to a reduction in mitochondrial abundance and extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans via activation of glycolysis and de novo serine biosynthesis.
Collapse
|
72
|
Wang X, Middleton FA, Tawil R, Chen XJ. Cytosolic adaptation to mitochondria-induced proteostatic stress causes progressive muscle wasting. iScience 2022; 25:103715. [PMID: 35072007 PMCID: PMC8762400 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction causes muscle wasting in many diseases and probably also during aging. The underlying mechanism is poorly understood. We generated transgenic mice with unbalanced mitochondrial protein loading and import, by moderately overexpressing the nuclear-encoded adenine nucleotide translocase, Ant1. We found that these mice progressively lose skeletal muscle. Ant1-overloading reduces mitochondrial respiration. Interestingly, it also induces small heat shock proteins and aggresome-like structures in the cytosol, suggesting increased proteostatic burden due to accumulation of unimported mitochondrial preproteins. The transcriptome of Ant1-transgenic muscles is drastically remodeled to counteract proteostatic stress, by repressing protein synthesis and promoting proteasomal function, autophagy, and lysosomal amplification. These proteostatic adaptations collectively reduce protein content thereby reducing myofiber size and muscle mass. Thus, muscle wasting can occur as a trade-off of adaptation to mitochondria-induced proteostatic stress. This finding could have implications for understanding the mechanism of muscle wasting, especially in diseases associated with Ant1 overexpression, including facioscapulohumeral dystrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Frank A. Middleton
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Rabi Tawil
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Xin Jie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Dahan N, Bykov YS, Boydston EA, Fadel A, Gazi Z, Hochberg-Laufer H, Martenson J, Denic V, Shav-Tal Y, Weissman JS, Aviram N, Zalckvar E, Schuldiner M. Peroxisome function relies on organelle-associated mRNA translation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk2141. [PMID: 35020435 PMCID: PMC8754406 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Crucial metabolic functions of peroxisomes rely on a variety of peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs). While mRNA transcripts of PMPs were shown to be colocalized with peroxisomes, the process by which PMPs efficiently couple translation with targeting to the peroxisomal membrane remained elusive. Here, we combine quantitative electron microscopy with proximity-specific ribosome profiling and reveal that translation of specific PMPs occurs on the surface of peroxisomes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This places peroxisomes alongside chloroplasts, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum as organelles that use localized translation for ensuring correct insertion of hydrophobic proteins into their membranes. Moreover, the correct targeting of these transcripts to peroxisomes is crucial for peroxisomal and cellular function, emphasizing the importance of localized translation for cellular physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noa Dahan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yury S. Bykov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Elizabeth A. Boydston
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Amir Fadel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Zohar Gazi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Hodaya Hochberg-Laufer
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, The Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - James Martenson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Vlad Denic
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yaron Shav-Tal
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, The Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Jonathan S. Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Naama Aviram
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Einat Zalckvar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Hémono M, Haller A, Chicher J, Duchêne AM, Ngondo RP. The interactome of CLUH reveals its association to SPAG5 and its co-translational proximity to mitochondrial proteins. BMC Biol 2022; 20:13. [PMID: 35012549 PMCID: PMC8744257 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria require thousands of proteins to fulfill their essential function in energy production and other fundamental biological processes. These proteins are mostly encoded by the nuclear genome, translated in the cytoplasm before being imported into the organelle. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are central players in the regulation of this process by affecting mRNA translation, stability, or localization. CLUH is an RBP recognizing specifically mRNAs coding for mitochondrial proteins, but its precise molecular function and interacting partners remain undiscovered in mammals. RESULTS Here we reveal for the first time CLUH interactome in mammalian cells. Using both co-IP and BioID proximity-labeling approaches, we identify novel molecular partners interacting stably or transiently with CLUH in HCT116 cells and mouse embryonic stem cells. We reveal stable RNA-independent interactions of CLUH with itself and with SPAG5 in cytosolic granular structures. More importantly, we uncover an unexpected proximity of CLUH to mitochondrial proteins and their cognate mRNAs in the cytosol. We show that this interaction occurs during the process of active translation and is dependent on CLUH TPR domain. CONCLUSIONS Overall, through the analysis of CLUH interactome, our study sheds a new light on CLUH molecular function by revealing new partners and by highlighting its link to the translation and subcellular localization of some mRNAs coding for mitochondrial proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mickaële Hémono
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Alexandre Haller
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg, 67084, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), UMR 7104, U 1258, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Johana Chicher
- Plateforme protéomique Strasbourg Esplanade FR1589 du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Marie Duchêne
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Richard Patryk Ngondo
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg, 67084, France.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Videla LA, Marimán A, Ramos B, José Silva M, Del Campo A. Standpoints in mitochondrial dysfunction: Underlying mechanisms in search of therapeutic strategies. Mitochondrion 2022; 63:9-22. [PMID: 34990812 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been defined as a reduced efficiency of mitochondria to produce ATP given by a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, alterations in the electron transport chain (ETC) function, with increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and decrease in oxygen consumption. During the last decades, mitochondrial dysfunction has been the focus of many researchers as a convergent point for the pathophysiology of several diseases. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction is detrimental to cells, tissues and organisms, nevertheless, dysfunctional mitochondria can signal in a particular way in response to stress, a characteristic that may be useful to search for new therapeutic strategies with a common feature. The aim of this review addresses mitochondrial dysfunction and stress signaling as a promising target for future drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Andrea Marimán
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
| | - Bastián Ramos
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
| | - María José Silva
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
| | - Andrea Del Campo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Held JP, Feng G, Saunders BR, Pereira CV, Burkewitz K, Patel MR. A tRNA processing enzyme is a key regulator of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. eLife 2022; 11:71634. [PMID: 35451962 PMCID: PMC9064297 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) has emerged as a predominant mechanism that preserves mitochondrial function. Consequently, multiple pathways likely exist to modulate UPRmt. We discovered that the tRNA processing enzyme, homolog of ELAC2 (HOE-1), is key to UPRmt regulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that nuclear HOE-1 is necessary and sufficient to robustly activate UPRmt. We show that HOE-1 acts via transcription factors ATFS-1 and DVE-1 that are crucial for UPRmt. Mechanistically, we show that HOE-1 likely mediates its effects via tRNAs, as blocking tRNA export prevents HOE-1-induced UPRmt. Interestingly, we find that HOE-1 does not act via the integrated stress response, which can be activated by uncharged tRNAs, pointing toward its reliance on a new mechanism. Finally, we show that the subcellular localization of HOE-1 is responsive to mitochondrial stress and is subject to negative regulation via ATFS-1. Together, we have discovered a novel RNA-based cellular pathway that modulates UPRmt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James P Held
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Gaomin Feng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Benjamin R Saunders
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Claudia V Pereira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Kristopher Burkewitz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Maulik R Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States,Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
den Brave F, Gupta A, Becker T. Protein Quality Control at the Mitochondrial Surface. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:795685. [PMID: 34926473 PMCID: PMC8678412 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.795685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria contain two membranes, the outer and inner membrane. The outer membrane fulfills crucial functions for the communication of mitochondria with the cellular environment like exchange of lipids via organelle contact sites, the transport of metabolites and the formation of a signaling platform in apoptosis and innate immunity. The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM complex) forms the entry gate for the vast majority of precursor proteins that are produced on cytosolic ribosomes. Surveillance of the functionality of outer membrane proteins is critical for mitochondrial functions and biogenesis. Quality control mechanisms remove defective and mistargeted proteins from the outer membrane as well as precursor proteins that clog the TOM complex. Selective degradation of single proteins is also an important mode to regulate mitochondrial dynamics and initiation of mitophagy pathways. Whereas inner mitochondrial compartments are equipped with specific proteases, the ubiquitin-proteasome system is a central player in protein surveillance on the mitochondrial surface. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms that govern quality control of proteins at the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian den Brave
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arushi Gupta
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Cytosolic Quality Control of Mitochondrial Protein Precursors-The Early Stages of the Organelle Biogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010007. [PMID: 35008433 PMCID: PMC8745001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With few exceptions, proteins that constitute the proteome of mitochondria originate outside of this organelle in precursor forms. Such protein precursors follow dedicated transportation paths to reach specific parts of mitochondria, where they complete their maturation and perform their functions. Mitochondrial precursor targeting and import pathways are essential to maintain proper mitochondrial function and cell survival, thus are tightly controlled at each stage. Mechanisms that sustain protein homeostasis of the cytosol play a vital role in the quality control of proteins targeted to the organelle. Starting from their synthesis, precursors are constantly chaperoned and guided to reduce the risk of premature folding, erroneous interactions, or protein damage. The ubiquitin-proteasome system provides proteolytic control that is not restricted to defective proteins but also regulates the supply of precursors to the organelle. Recent discoveries provide evidence that stress caused by the mislocalization of mitochondrial proteins may contribute to disease development. Precursors are not only subject to regulation but also modulate cytosolic machinery. Here we provide an overview of the cellular pathways that are involved in precursor maintenance and guidance at the early cytosolic stages of mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, we follow the circumstances in which mitochondrial protein import deregulation disturbs the cellular balance, carefully looking for rescue paths that can restore proteostasis.
Collapse
|
79
|
König T, Nolte H, Aaltonen MJ, Tatsuta T, Krols M, Stroh T, Langer T, McBride HM. MIROs and DRP1 drive mitochondrial-derived vesicle biogenesis and promote quality control. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:1271-1286. [PMID: 34873283 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) are implicated in diverse physiological processes-for example, mitochondrial quality control-and are linked to various neurodegenerative diseases. However, their specific cargo composition and complex molecular biogenesis are still unknown. Here we report the proteome and lipidome of steady-state TOMM20+ MDVs. We identified 107 high-confidence MDV cargoes, which include all β-barrel proteins and the TOM import complex. MDV cargoes are delivered as fully assembled complexes to lysosomes, thus representing a selective mitochondrial quality control mechanism for multi-subunit complexes, including the TOM machinery. Moreover, we define key biogenesis steps of phosphatidic acid-enriched MDVs starting with the MIRO1/2-dependent formation of thin membrane protrusions pulled along microtubule filaments, followed by MID49/MID51/MFF-dependent recruitment of the dynamin family GTPase DRP1 and finally DRP1-dependent scission. In summary, we define the function of MDVs in mitochondrial quality control and present a mechanistic model for global GTPase-driven MDV biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim König
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mari J Aaltonen
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Takashi Tatsuta
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michiel Krols
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas Stroh
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas Langer
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heidi M McBride
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Morgenstern M, Peikert CD, Lübbert P, Suppanz I, Klemm C, Alka O, Steiert C, Naumenko N, Schendzielorz A, Melchionda L, Mühlhäuser WWD, Knapp B, Busch JD, Stiller SB, Dannenmaier S, Lindau C, Licheva M, Eickhorst C, Galbusera R, Zerbes RM, Ryan MT, Kraft C, Kozjak-Pavlovic V, Drepper F, Dennerlein S, Oeljeklaus S, Pfanner N, Wiedemann N, Warscheid B. Quantitative high-confidence human mitochondrial proteome and its dynamics in cellular context. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2464-2483.e18. [PMID: 34800366 PMCID: PMC8664129 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles for cellular energetics, metabolism, signaling, and quality control and have been linked to various diseases. Different views exist on the composition of the human mitochondrial proteome. We classified >8,000 proteins in mitochondrial preparations of human cells and defined a mitochondrial high-confidence proteome of >1,100 proteins (MitoCoP). We identified interactors of translocases, respiratory chain, and ATP synthase assembly factors. The abundance of MitoCoP proteins covers six orders of magnitude and amounts to 7% of the cellular proteome with the chaperones HSP60-HSP10 being the most abundant mitochondrial proteins. MitoCoP dynamics spans three orders of magnitudes, with half-lives from hours to months, and suggests a rapid regulation of biosynthesis and assembly processes. 460 MitoCoP genes are linked to human diseases with a strong prevalence for the central nervous system and metabolism. MitoCoP will provide a high-confidence resource for placing dynamics, functions, and dysfunctions of mitochondria into the cellular context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Morgenstern
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian D Peikert
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Lübbert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ida Suppanz
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cinzia Klemm
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Alka
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Conny Steiert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nataliia Naumenko
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Schendzielorz
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Melchionda
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wignand W D Mühlhäuser
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Knapp
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jakob D Busch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian B Stiller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Dannenmaier
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Lindau
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mariya Licheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Eickhorst
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Galbusera
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf M Zerbes
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 3800 Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudine Kraft
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vera Kozjak-Pavlovic
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Friedel Drepper
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sven Dennerlein
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silke Oeljeklaus
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Pfanner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Wiedemann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Nandi SS, Katsurada K, Mahata SK, Patel KP. Neurogenic Hypertension Mediated Mitochondrial Abnormality Leads to Cardiomyopathy: Contribution of UPR mt and Norepinephrine-miR- 18a-5p-HIF-1α Axis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:718982. [PMID: 34912235 PMCID: PMC8667690 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.718982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Hypertension increases the risk of heart disease. Hallmark features of hypertensive heart disease is sympathoexcitation and cardiac mitochondrial abnormality. However, the molecular mechanisms for specifically neurally mediated mitochondrial abnormality and subsequent cardiac dysfunction are unclear. We hypothesized that enhanced sympatho-excitation to the heart elicits cardiac miR-18a-5p/HIF-1α and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) signaling that lead to mitochondrial abnormalities and consequent pathological cardiac remodeling. Methods and Results: Using a model of neurogenic hypertension (NG-HTN), induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of Ang II (NG-HTN; 20 ng/min, 14 days, 0.5 μl/h, or Saline; Control, 0.9%) through osmotic mini-pumps in Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g), we attempted to identify a link between sympathoexcitation (norepinephrine; NE), miRNA and HIF-1α signaling and UPRmt to produce mitochondrial abnormalities resulting in cardiomyopathy. Cardiac remodeling, mitochondrial abnormality, and miRNA/HIF-1α signaling were assessed using histology, immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, Western blotting or RT-qPCR. NG-HTN demonstrated increased sympatho-excitation with concomitant reduction in UPRmt, miRNA-18a-5p and increased level of HIF-1α in the heart. Our in silico analysis indicated that miR-18a-5p targets HIF-1α. Direct effects of NE on miRNA/HIF-1α signaling and mitochondrial abnormality examined using H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes showed NE reduces miR-18a-5p but increases HIF-1α. Electron microscopy revealed cardiac mitochondrial abnormality in NG-HTN, linked with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and fibrosis. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response was decreased in NG-HTN indicating mitochondrial proteinopathy and proteotoxic stress, associated with increased mito-ROS and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and oxidative phosphorylation. Further, there was reduced cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion, but increased mitochondrial fission, coupled with mitochondrial impaired TIM-TOM transport and UPRmt. Direct effects of NE on H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes also showed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, increased mitochondrial ROS generation, and UPRmt corroborating the in vivo data. Conclusion: In conclusion, enhanced sympatho-excitation suppress miR-18a-5p/HIF-1α signaling and increased mitochondrial stress proteotoxicity, decreased UPRmt leading to decreased mitochondrial dynamics/OXPHOS/ΔΨm and ROS generation. Taken together, these results suggest that ROS induced mitochondrial transition pore opening activates pro-hypertrophy/fibrosis/inflammatory factors that induce pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis commonly observed in NG-HTN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam S. Nandi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kenichi Katsurada
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kaushik P. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Sarkar A, Nazir A. Carrying Excess Baggage Can Slowdown Life: Protein Clearance Machineries That Go Awry During Aging and the Relevance of Maintaining Them. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:821-840. [PMID: 34792731 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis is maintained by rapid and systematic cleansing of aberrant and aggregated proteins within cells. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) especially Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease are known to be associated with multiple factors, most important being impaired clearance of aggregates, resulting in the accumulation of specific aggregated protein in the brain. Protein quality control (PQC) of proteostasis network comprises proteolytic machineries and chaperones along with their regulators to ensure precise operation and maintenance of proteostasis. Such regulatory factors coordinate among each other multiple functional aspects related to proteins, including their synthesis, folding, transport, and degradation. During aging due to inevitable endogenous and external stresses, sustaining a proteome balance is a challenging task. Such stresses decline the capacity of the proteostasis network compromising the proteome integrity, affecting the fundamental physiological processes including reproductive fitness of the organism. This review focuses on highlighting proteome-wide changes during aging and the strategies for proteostasis improvements. The possibility of augmenting the proteostasis network either via genetic or pharmacological interventions may be a promising strategy towards delaying age-associated pathological consequences due to proteome disbalance, thus promoting healthy aging and prolonged longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunabh Sarkar
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, 226031, India
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, 226031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Pinho BR, Almeida LM, Duchen MR, Oliveira JMA. Allosteric activation of Hsp70 reduces mutant huntingtin levels, the clustering of N-terminal fragments, and their nuclear accumulation. Life Sci 2021; 285:120009. [PMID: 34600937 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by a mutant huntingtin protein that misfolds, yields toxic N-terminal fragments, aggregates, and disrupts proteostasis. The Hsp70 chaperone is a potential therapeutic target as it prevents proteotoxicity by favouring protein folding, disaggregation, or degradation. We tested the hypothesis that allosteric Hsp70 activation with a pharmacological mimetic of the Hsp70 co-chaperone Hip, YM-1, could modulate huntingtin proteostasis. MAIN METHODS We used HD cell models expressing either N-terminal or full-length huntingtin. Using single-cell analysis we studied huntingtin aggregation in different cellular compartments by fluorescence microscopy. Protein interaction was evaluated by immunoprecipitation, while protein levels were quantified by immunofluorescence and western-blot. KEY FINDINGS N-terminal huntingtin interacted with Hsp70 and increased its levels. Treatment with YM-1 reduced N-terminal huntingtin clustering and nuclear aggregation. Full-length mutant huntingtin also interacted with Hsp70, and treatment with YM-1 reduced huntingtin levels when combined with Hsp70 induction by heat shock. Mechanistically, YM-1 increases the Hsp70 affinity for substrates, promoting their proteasomal degradation. Consistently, YM-1 reduced the levels of ubiquitinated proteins. Interestingly, YM-1 accumulated in mitochondria, interfered with its Hsp70 isoform involved in protein import, and increased NRF1 levels, a regulator of proteasome genes. We thus suggest that YM-1 may trigger the coordination of mitochondrial and cytosolic proteostasis, enhancing protein degradation. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings show that the strategy of allosteric Hsp70 activation holds potential for HD. While drug efficacy may be limited to tissues with elevated Hsp70, combined therapies with Hsp70 elevating strategies could harness the full potential of allosteric Hsp70 activators for HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brígida R Pinho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Liliana M Almeida
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Consortium for Mitochondrial Research (CfMR), University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Jorge M A Oliveira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal; Consortium for Mitochondrial Research (CfMR), University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Hu D, Liu Z, Qi X. Mitochondrial Quality Control Strategies: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Neurodegenerative Diseases? Front Neurosci 2021; 15:746873. [PMID: 34867159 PMCID: PMC8633545 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.746873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many lines of evidence have indicated the therapeutic potential of rescuing mitochondrial integrity by targeting specific mitochondrial quality control pathways in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. In addition to ATP synthesis, mitochondria are critical regulators of ROS production, lipid metabolism, calcium buffering, and cell death. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy are the three main quality control mechanisms responsible for maintaining mitochondrial proteostasis and bioenergetics. The proper functioning of these complex processes is necessary to surveil and restore mitochondrial homeostasis and the healthy pool of mitochondria in cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs early and causally in disease pathogenesis. A significant accumulation of mitochondrial damage resulting from compromised quality control pathways leads to the development of neuropathology. Moreover, genetic or pharmaceutical manipulation targeting the mitochondrial quality control mechanisms can sufficiently rescue mitochondrial integrity and ameliorate disease progression. Thus, therapies that can improve mitochondrial quality control have great promise for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the field that underscores the essential role of impaired mitochondrial quality control pathways in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. We also discuss the translational approaches targeting mitochondrial function, with a focus on the restoration of mitochondrial integrity, including mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondrial proteostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zunren Liu
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Mitochondrial Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Zhao F, Zou MH. Role of the Mitochondrial Protein Import Machinery and Protein Processing in Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:749756. [PMID: 34651031 PMCID: PMC8505727 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.749756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for cellular energy production, metabolic homeostasis, calcium homeostasis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. About 99% of mammalian mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome, synthesized as precursors in the cytosol, and imported into mitochondria by mitochondrial protein import machinery. Mitochondrial protein import systems function not only as independent units for protein translocation, but also are deeply integrated into a functional network of mitochondrial bioenergetics, protein quality control, mitochondrial dynamics and morphology, and interaction with other organelles. Mitochondrial protein import deficiency is linked to various diseases, including cardiovascular disease. In this review, we describe an emerging class of protein or genetic variations of components of the mitochondrial import machinery involved in heart disease. The major protein import pathways, including the presequence pathway (TIM23 pathway), the carrier pathway (TIM22 pathway), and the mitochondrial intermembrane space import and assembly machinery, related translocases, proteinases, and chaperones, are discussed here. This review highlights the importance of mitochondrial import machinery in heart disease, which deserves considerable attention, and further studies are urgently needed. Ultimately, this knowledge may be critical for the development of therapeutic strategies in heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Zhao
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Nachman E, Verstreken P. Synaptic proteostasis in Parkinson's disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 72:72-79. [PMID: 34653835 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There are over 7 million people worldwide suffering from Parkinson's disease, and this number will double in the next decade. Causative mutations and risk variants in >20 genes that predominantly act at synapses have been linked to Parkinson's disease. Synaptic defects precede neuronal death. However, we are only now beginning to understand which molecular mechanisms contribute to this synaptic dysfunction. In this review, we discuss recent data demonstrating that Parkinson proteins act centrally to various protein quality control pathways at the synapse, and we argue that disturbed synaptic proteostasis is an early driver of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Nachman
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Mission Lucidity, Herestraat 49, Box 602, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrik Verstreken
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Mission Lucidity, Herestraat 49, Box 602, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Jenkins EC, Chattopadhyay M, Germain D. Folding Mitochondrial-Mediated Cytosolic Proteostasis Into the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:715923. [PMID: 34631705 PMCID: PMC8495152 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.715923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies reported that mitochondrial stress induces cytosolic proteostasis. How mitochondrial stress activates proteostasis in the cytosol remains unclear. However, the cross-talk between the mitochondria and cytosolic proteostasis has far reaching implications for treatment of proteopathies including neurodegenerative diseases. This possibility appears within reach since selected drugs have begun to emerge as being able to stimulate mitochondrial-mediated cytosolic proteostasis. In this review, we focus on studies describing how mitochondrial stress activates proteostasis in the cytosol across multiple model organisms. A model is proposed linking mitochondrial-mediated regulation of cytosolic translation, folding capacity, ubiquitination, and proteasome degradation and autophagy as a multi layered control of cytosolic proteostasis that overlaps with the integrated stress response (ISR) and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). By analogy to the conductor in an orchestra managing multiple instrumental sections into a dynamically integrated musical piece, the cross-talk between these signaling cascades places the mitochondria as a major conductor of cellular integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Charles Jenkins
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mrittika Chattopadhyay
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Doris Germain
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Verma K, Verma M, Chaphalkar A, Chakraborty K. Recent advances in understanding the role of proteostasis. Fac Rev 2021; 10:72. [PMID: 34632458 PMCID: PMC8483240 DOI: 10.12703/r/10-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of a functional proteome is achieved through the mechanism of proteostasis that involves precise coordination between molecular machineries assisting a protein from its conception to demise. Although each organelle within a cell has its own set of proteostasis machinery, inter-organellar communication and cell non-autonomous signaling bring forth the multidimensional nature of the proteostasis network. Exposure to extrinsic and intrinsic stressors can challenge the proteostasis network, leading to the accumulation of aberrant proteins or a decline in the proteostasis components, as seen during aging and in several diseases. Here, we summarize recent advances in understanding the role of proteostasis and its regulation in aging and disease, including monogenetic and infectious diseases. We highlight some of the emerging as well as unresolved questions in proteostasis that need to be addressed to overcome pathologies associated with damaged proteins and to promote healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Verma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monika Verma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aseem Chaphalkar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kausik Chakraborty
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Groh C, Herrmann JM. Mitochondrial carriers set the epigenetic age. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:755-756. [PMID: 37117629 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00111-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Groh
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Cai N, Gomez-Duran A, Yonova-Doing E, Kundu K, Burgess AI, Golder ZJ, Calabrese C, Bonder MJ, Camacho M, Lawson RA, Li L, Williams-Gray CH, Di Angelantonio E, Roberts DJ, Watkins NA, Ouwehand WH, Butterworth AS, Stewart ID, Pietzner M, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Danesh J, Walter K, Rothwell PM, Howson JMM, Stegle O, Chinnery PF, Soranzo N. Mitochondrial DNA variants modulate N-formylmethionine, proteostasis and risk of late-onset human diseases. Nat Med 2021; 27:1564-1575. [PMID: 34426706 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants influence the risk of late-onset human diseases, but the reasons for this are poorly understood. Undertaking a hypothesis-free analysis of 5,689 blood-derived biomarkers with mtDNA variants in 16,220 healthy donors, here we show that variants defining mtDNA haplogroups Uk and H4 modulate the level of circulating N-formylmethionine (fMet), which initiates mitochondrial protein translation. In human cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) lines, fMet modulated both mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins on multiple levels, through transcription, post-translational modification and proteolysis by an N-degron pathway, abolishing known differences between mtDNA haplogroups. In a further 11,966 individuals, fMet levels contributed to all-cause mortality and the disease risk of several common cardiovascular disorders. Together, these findings indicate that fMet plays a key role in common age-related disease through pleiotropic effects on cell proteostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Cai
- Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Sanger Institute (WT), Hinxton, UK.,European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK.,Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aurora Gomez-Duran
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ekaterina Yonova-Doing
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Primary Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Genetics, Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kousik Kundu
- Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Sanger Institute (WT), Hinxton, UK
| | - Annette I Burgess
- Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Zoe J Golder
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Calabrese
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marc J Bonder
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK.,Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marta Camacho
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachael A Lawson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Lixin Li
- Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Caroline H Williams-Gray
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Primary Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David J Roberts
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,NHS Blood and Transplant-Oxford Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nick A Watkins
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Sanger Institute (WT), Hinxton, UK.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Primary Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Maik Pietzner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - John Danesh
- Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Sanger Institute (WT), Hinxton, UK.,British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Primary Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Klaudia Walter
- Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Sanger Institute (WT), Hinxton, UK
| | - Peter M Rothwell
- Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanna M M Howson
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Primary Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Genetics, Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver Stegle
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK. .,Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK. .,Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Sanger Institute (WT), Hinxton, UK. .,British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Genomics Research Centre, Human Technopole, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Quality control of protein import into mitochondria. Biochem J 2021; 478:3125-3143. [PMID: 34436539 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria import about 1000 proteins that are produced as precursors on cytosolic ribosomes. Defects in mitochondrial protein import result in the accumulation of non-imported precursor proteins and proteotoxic stress. The cell is equipped with different quality control mechanisms to monitor protein transport into mitochondria. First, molecular chaperones guide unfolded proteins to mitochondria and deliver non-imported proteins to proteasomal degradation. Second, quality control factors remove translocation stalled precursor proteins from protein translocases. Third, protein translocases monitor protein sorting to mitochondrial subcompartments. Fourth, AAA proteases of the mitochondrial subcompartments remove mislocalized or unassembled proteins. Finally, impaired efficiency of protein transport is an important sensor for mitochondrial dysfunction and causes the induction of cellular stress responses, which could eventually result in the removal of the defective mitochondria by mitophagy. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of quality control mechanisms that govern mitochondrial protein transport.
Collapse
|
92
|
Doxycycline promotes proteasome fitness in the central nervous system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17003. [PMID: 34417525 PMCID: PMC8379233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies reported that mitochondrial stress induces cytosolic proteostasis in yeast and C. elegans. Notably, inhibition of mitochondrial translation with doxcycyline decreases the toxicity of β-amyloid aggregates, in a C. elegans. However, how mitochondrial stress activates cytosolic proteostasis remains unclear. Further whether doxycycline has this effect in mammals and in disease relevant tissues also remains unclear. We show here that doxycycline treatment in mice drastically reduces the accumulation of proteins destined for degradation by the proteasome in a CNS region-specific manner. This effect is associated with the activation of the ERα axis of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), in both males and females. However, sexually dimorphic mechanisms of proteasome activation were observed. Doxycycline also activates the proteasome in fission yeast, where ERα is not expressed. Rather, the ancient ERα-coactivator Mms19 regulates this response in yeast. Our results suggest that the UPRmt initiates a conserved mitochondria-to-cytosol stress signal, resulting in proteasome activation, and that this signal has adapted during evolution, in a sex and tissue specific-manner. Therefore, while our results support the use of doxycycline in the prevention of proteopathic diseases, they also indicate that sex is an important variable to consider in the design of future clinical trials using doxycycline.
Collapse
|
93
|
Abstract
Maintaining mitochondrial health is essential for the survival and function of eukaryotic organisms. Misfunctioning mitochondria activate stress-responsive pathways to restore mitochondrial network homeostasis, remove damaged or toxic proteins, and eliminate damaged organelles via selective autophagy of mitochondria, a process termed mitophagy. Failure of these quality control pathways is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Impairment of mitochondrial quality control has been demonstrated to activate innate immune pathways, including inflammasome-mediated signaling and the antiviral cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-regulated interferon response. Immune system malfunction is a common hallmark in many neurodegenerative diseases; however, whether inflammation suppresses or exacerbates disease pathology is still unclear. The goal of this review is to provide a historical overview of the field, describe mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control, and highlight recent advances on the emerging role of mitochondria in innate immunity and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Moehlman
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Richard J Youle
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Su Z, Guo Y, Huang X, Feng B, Tang L, Zheng G, Zhu Y. Phytochemicals: Targeting Mitophagy to Treat Metabolic Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686820. [PMID: 34414181 PMCID: PMC8369426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders include metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. Due to unhealthy lifestyles such as high-calorie diet, sedentary and physical inactivity, the prevalence of metabolic disorders poses a huge challenge to global human health, which is the leading cause of global human death. Mitochondrion is the major site of adenosine triphosphate synthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation and ROS production. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction-related oxidative stress and inflammation is involved in the development of metabolic disorders. Mitophagy, a catabolic process, selectively degrades damaged or superfluous mitochondria to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction and preserve mitochondrial function. It is considered to be one of the major mechanisms responsible for mitochondrial quality control. Growing evidence shows that mitophagy can prevent and treat metabolic disorders through suppressing mitochondrial dysfunction-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. In the past decade, in order to expand the range of pharmaceutical options, more and more phytochemicals have been proven to have therapeutic effects on metabolic disorders. Many of these phytochemicals have been proved to activate mitophagy to ameliorate metabolic disorders. Given the ongoing epidemic of metabolic disorders, it is of great significance to explore the contribution and underlying mechanisms of mitophagy in metabolic disorders, and to understand the effects and molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals on the treatment of metabolic disorders. Here, we investigate the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic disorders and discuss the potential of targeting mitophagy with phytochemicals for the treatment of metabolic disorders, with a view to providing a direction for finding phytochemicals that target mitophagy to prevent or treat metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuqing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanru Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiufang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjuan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Friedlander JE, Shen N, Zeng A, Korm S, Feng H. Failure to Guard: Mitochondrial Protein Quality Control in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158306. [PMID: 34361072 PMCID: PMC8348654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are energetic and dynamic organelles with a crucial role in bioenergetics, metabolism, and signaling. Mitochondrial proteins, encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, must be properly regulated to ensure proteostasis. Mitochondrial protein quality control (MPQC) serves as a critical surveillance system, employing different pathways and regulators as cellular guardians to ensure mitochondrial protein quality and quantity. In this review, we describe key pathways and players in MPQC, such as mitochondrial protein translocation-associated degradation, mitochondrial stress responses, chaperones, and proteases, and how they work together to safeguard mitochondrial health and integrity. Deregulated MPQC leads to proteotoxicity and dysfunctional mitochondria, which contributes to numerous human diseases, including cancer. We discuss how alterations in MPQC components are linked to tumorigenesis, whether they act as drivers, suppressors, or both. Finally, we summarize recent advances that seek to target these alterations for the development of anti-cancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Friedlander
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.E.F.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Ning Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.E.F.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Aozhuo Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.E.F.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Sovannarith Korm
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.E.F.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.)
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.E.F.); (N.S.); (A.Z.); (S.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-358-4688; Fax: +1-617-358-1599
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Nowicka U, Chroscicki P, Stroobants K, Sladowska M, Turek M, Uszczynska-Ratajczak B, Kundra R, Goral T, Perni M, Dobson CM, Vendruscolo M, Chacinska A. Cytosolic aggregation of mitochondrial proteins disrupts cellular homeostasis by stimulating the aggregation of other proteins. eLife 2021; 10:65484. [PMID: 34292154 PMCID: PMC8457837 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles with their own genomes, but they rely on the import of nuclear-encoded proteins that are translated by cytosolic ribosomes. Therefore, it is important to understand whether failures in the mitochondrial uptake of these nuclear-encoded proteins can cause proteotoxic stress and identify response mechanisms that may counteract it. Here, we report that upon impairments in mitochondrial protein import, high-risk precursor and immature forms of mitochondrial proteins form aberrant deposits in the cytosol. These deposits then cause further cytosolic accumulation and consequently aggregation of other mitochondrial proteins and disease-related proteins, including α-synuclein and amyloid β. This aggregation triggers a cytosolic protein homeostasis imbalance that is accompanied by specific molecular chaperone responses at both the transcriptomic and protein levels. Altogether, our results provide evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction, specifically protein import defects, contributes to impairments in protein homeostasis, thus revealing a possible molecular mechanism by which mitochondria are involved in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Nowicka
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Chroscicki
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karen Stroobants
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Sladowska
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Turek
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Rishika Kundra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz Goral
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michele Perni
- Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Nowicka U, Kim MJ, Chacinska A. Suppressing toxic aggregates: let MIA do it! EMBO J 2021; 40:e109001. [PMID: 34287997 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial activity is becoming an inherent aspect of cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis). In this issue, Schlagowski et al (2021) report on the attractive notion that modulating mitochondrial protein import activity stimulates protein aggregate clearance in the cytosol, thereby affecting cytosolic proteostasis and its collapse observed in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chacinska
- IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Sensing, signaling and surviving mitochondrial stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5925-5951. [PMID: 34228161 PMCID: PMC8316193 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fidelity is a key determinant of longevity and was found to be perturbed in a multitude of disease contexts ranging from neurodegeneration to heart failure. Tight homeostatic control of the mitochondrial proteome is a crucial aspect of mitochondrial function, which is severely complicated by the evolutionary origin and resulting peculiarities of the organelle. This is, on one hand, reflected by a range of basal quality control factors such as mitochondria-resident chaperones and proteases, that assist in import and folding of precursors as well as removal of aggregated proteins. On the other hand, stress causes the activation of several additional mechanisms that counteract any damage that may threaten mitochondrial function. Countermeasures depend on the location and intensity of the stress and on a range of factors that are equipped to sense and signal the nature of the encountered perturbation. Defective mitochondrial import activates mechanisms that combat the accumulation of precursors in the cytosol and the import pore. To resolve proteotoxic stress in the organelle interior, mitochondria depend on nuclear transcriptional programs, such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and the integrated stress response. If organelle damage is too severe, mitochondria signal for their own destruction in a process termed mitophagy, thereby preventing further harm to the mitochondrial network and allowing the cell to salvage their biological building blocks. Here, we provide an overview of how different types and intensities of stress activate distinct pathways aimed at preserving mitochondrial fidelity.
Collapse
|
99
|
Sladowska M, Turek M, Kim MJ, Drabikowski K, Mussulini BHM, Mohanraj K, Serwa RA, Topf U, Chacinska A. Proteasome activity contributes to pro-survival response upon mild mitochondrial stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001302. [PMID: 34252079 PMCID: PMC8274918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial function activate compensatory responses in the cell. Mitochondrial stress that is caused by unfolded proteins inside the organelle induces a transcriptional response (termed the "mitochondrial unfolded protein response" [UPRmt]) that is mediated by activating transcription factor associated with stress 1 (ATFS-1). The UPRmt increases mitochondrial protein quality control. Mitochondrial dysfunction frequently causes defects in the import of proteins, resulting in the accumulation of mitochondrial proteins outside the organelle. In yeast, cells respond to mistargeted mitochondrial proteins by increasing activity of the proteasome in the cytosol (termed the "unfolded protein response activated by mistargeting of proteins" [UPRam]). The presence and relevance of this response in higher eukaryotes is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that defects in mitochondrial protein import in Caenorhabditis elegans lead to proteasome activation and life span extension. Both proteasome activation and life span prolongation partially depend on ATFS-1, despite its lack of influence on proteasomal gene transcription. Importantly, life span prolongation depends on the fully assembled proteasome. Our data provide a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and proteasomal activity and demonstrate its direct relevance to mechanisms that promote longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sladowska
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Turek
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Drabikowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Karthik Mohanraj
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Remigiusz A. Serwa
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ulrike Topf
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chacinska
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Schlagowski AM, Knöringer K, Morlot S, Sánchez Vicente A, Flohr T, Krämer L, Boos F, Khalid N, Ahmed S, Schramm J, Murschall LM, Haberkant P, Stein F, Riemer J, Westermann B, Braun RJ, Winklhofer KF, Charvin G, Herrmann JM. Increased levels of mitochondrial import factor Mia40 prevent the aggregation of polyQ proteins in the cytosol. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107913. [PMID: 34191328 PMCID: PMC8365258 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021107913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of protein aggregates is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. Observations on patient samples and model systems demonstrated links between aggregate formation and declining mitochondrial functionality, but causalities remain unclear. We used Saccharomyces cerevisiae to analyze how mitochondrial processes regulate the behavior of aggregation‐prone polyQ protein derived from human huntingtin. Expression of Q97‐GFP rapidly led to insoluble cytosolic aggregates and cell death. Although aggregation impaired mitochondrial respiration only slightly, it considerably interfered with the import of mitochondrial precursor proteins. Mutants in the import component Mia40 were hypersensitive to Q97‐GFP, whereas Mia40 overexpression strongly suppressed the formation of toxic Q97‐GFP aggregates both in yeast and in human cells. Based on these observations, we propose that the post‐translational import of mitochondrial precursor proteins into mitochondria competes with aggregation‐prone cytosolic proteins for chaperones and proteasome capacity. Mia40 regulates this competition as it has a rate‐limiting role in mitochondrial protein import. Therefore, Mia40 is a dynamic regulator in mitochondrial biogenesis that can be exploited to stabilize cytosolic proteostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandrine Morlot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Ana Sánchez Vicente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tamara Flohr
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lena Krämer
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Felix Boos
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Nabeel Khalid
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence DFKI, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sheraz Ahmed
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence DFKI, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jana Schramm
- Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Per Haberkant
- Proteomics Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Stein
- Proteomics Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Ralf J Braun
- Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.,Neurodegeneration, Danube Private University, Krems/Donau, Austria
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gilles Charvin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | |
Collapse
|