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Nishiga M, Qi LS, Wu JC. Therapeutic genome editing in cardiovascular diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:147-157. [PMID: 32092381 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, developments in genome editing technology have fundamentally transformed biomedical research. In particular, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been extensively applied because of its simplicity and ability to alter genomic sequences within living organisms, and an ever increasing number of CRISPR/Cas9-based molecular tools are being developed for a wide variety of applications. While genome editing tools have been used for many aspects of biological research, they also have enormous potential to be used for genome editing therapy to treat a broad range of diseases. For some hematopoietic diseases, clinical trials of therapeutic genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9 are already starting phase I. In the cardiovascular field, genome editing tools have been utilized to understand the mechanisms of diseases such as cardiomyopathy, arrythmia, and lipid metabolism, which now open the door to therapeutic genome editing. Currently, therapeutic genome editing in the cardiovascular field is centered on liver-targeting strategies to reduce cardiovascular risks. Targeting the heart is more challenging. In this review, we discuss the potential applications, recent advances, and current limitations of therapeutic genome editing in the cardiovascular field.
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Aida T, Feng G. The dawn of non-human primate models for neurodevelopmental disorders. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 65:160-168. [PMID: 32693220 PMCID: PMC7955645 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) have been proposed as good models for neurodevelopmental disorders due to close similarities to humans in terms of brain structure and cognitive function. The recent development of genome editing technologies has opened new avenues to generate and investigate genetically modified NHPs as models for human disorders. Here, we review the early successes of genetic NHP models for neurodevelopmental disorders and further discuss the technological challenges and opportunities to create next generation NHP models with more sophisticated genetic manipulation and faithful representations of the human genetic mutations. Taken together, the field is now poised to usher in a new era of research using genetically modified NHP models to empower a more rapid translation of basic research and maximize the preclinical potential for biomarker discovery and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Aida
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guoping Feng
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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53
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Xie M, Viviani M, Fussenegger M. Engineering precision therapies: lessons and motivations from the clinic. Synth Biol (Oxf) 2020; 6:ysaa024. [PMID: 33817342 PMCID: PMC7998714 DOI: 10.1093/synbio/ysaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, gene- and cell-based therapies have been at the forefront of the biomedical revolution. Synthetic biology, the engineering discipline of building sophisticated 'genetic software' to enable precise regulation of gene activities in living cells, has been a decisive success factor of these new therapies. Here, we discuss the core technologies and treatment strategies that have already gained approval for therapeutic applications in humans. We also review promising preclinical work that could either enhance the efficacy of existing treatment strategies or pave the way for new precision medicines to treat currently intractable human conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zheijang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zheijang, China
| | - Mirta Viviani
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zheijang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zheijang, China
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Suzuki S, Ohta KI, Nakajima Y, Shigeto H, Abe H, Kawai A, Miura R, Kazuki Y, Oshimura M, Miki T. Meganuclease-Based Artificial Transcription Factors. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2679-2691. [PMID: 32907319 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Embedding middle-scale artificial gene networks in live mammalian cells is one of the most important future goals for cell engineering. However, the applications of the highly orthogonal and conventional artificial transcription factors currently available are limited. In this study, we present a scalable pipeline to produce artificial transcription factors based on homing endonucleases, also known as meganucleases. The introduction of mutations at critical sites for nuclease activity renders these homing endonucleases a simple but highly specific DNA binding domain for their specific DNA target. The introduction of inactivated meganucleases linked to transcriptional activator domains strongly induced reporter gene expression, while their fusion to transcriptional repressor domains suppressed them. In addition, we show that inactivated meganuclease-based transcription factors could be embedded in the synthetic membrane receptor synNotch and used to construct synthetic circuits. These results suggest that inactivated meganucleases are useful DNA-binding domains for the construction of synthetic transcription factors in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Ohta
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakajima
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Hajime Shigeto
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroko Abe
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Anna Kawai
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Miura
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Takanori Miki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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Piccolo P, Rossi A, Brunetti-Pierri N. Liver-directed gene-based therapies for inborn errors of metabolism. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 21:229-240. [PMID: 32880494 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1817375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inborn errors of metabolism include several genetic disorders due to disruption of cellular biochemical reactions. Although individually rare, collectively they are a large and heterogenous group of diseases affecting a significant proportion of patients. Available treatments are often unsatisfactory. Liver-directed gene therapy has potential for treatment of several inborn errors of metabolism. While lentiviral vectors and lipid nanoparticle-mRNA have shown attractive features in preclinical studies and still have to be investigated in humans, adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have shown clinical success in both preclinical and clinical trials for in vivo liver-directed gene therapy. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discussed the most relevant clinical applications and the challenges of liver-directed gene-based approaches for therapy of inborn errors of metabolism. EXPERT OPINION Challenges and prospects of clinical gene therapy trials and preclinical studies that are believed to have the greatest potential for clinical translation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Piccolo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine , Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples , Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples , Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine , Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples , Naples, Italy
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Meng D, Ragi SD, Tsang SH. Therapy in Rhodopsin-Mediated Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2139-2149. [PMID: 32882181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodopsin-mediated autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RHO-adRP) is a hereditary degenerative disorder in which mutations in the gene encoding RHO, the light-sensitive G protein-coupled receptor involved in phototransduction in rods, lead to progressive loss of rods and subsequently cones in the retina. Clinical phenotypes are diverse, ranging from mild night blindness to severe visual impairments. There is currently no cure for RHO-adRP. Although there have been significant advances in gene therapy for inherited retinal diseases, treating RHO-adRP presents a unique challenge since it is an autosomal dominant disease caused by more than 150 gain-of-function mutations in the RHO gene, rendering the established gene supplementation strategy inadequate. This review provides an update on RNA therapeutics and therapeutic editing genome surgery strategies and ongoing clinical trials for RHO-adRP, discussing mechanisms of action, preclinical data, current state of development, as well as risk and benefit considerations. Potential outcome measures useful for future clinical trials are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Meng
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sara D Ragi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Jonas Children's Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Association of Genetic and Environmental Factors with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Chinese Han Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145217. [PMID: 32698306 PMCID: PMC7399983 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle choices such as the intake of sweets, history of diseases, and genetic variants seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To explore which genetic and environmental factors are associated with NAFLD in a Chinese Han population, we conducted this study. We collected the medical reports, lifestyle details, and blood samples of individuals and used the polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction method to genotype the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) from the 2113 eligible people. The GG genotype of the additive model of rs7493 in the PON2, the CC genotype of the additive and recessive models of rs7593130 in the ADCY3, together with dyslipidemia, regular intake of egg and sweets and hypertension, increased the risk of NAFLD (adjusted OR > 1, p < 0.05). The TT genotype of the additive and dominant models of rs11583680 in the PCSK9, together with the regular intake of vegetable, reduced the risk of NAFLD (adjusted OR < 1, p < 0.05). In addition, interactions between some variables were found. Eventually, we identified three SNPs and six environmental factors associated with NAFLD. These results provide the theoretical basis for gene and other risk factors screening to prevent NAFLD.
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CRISPR-sub: Analysis of DNA substitution mutations caused by CRISPR-Cas9 in human cells. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1686-1694. [PMID: 32670508 PMCID: PMC7338987 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 induces DNA cleavages at desired target sites in a guide RNA-dependent manner; DNA editing occurs through the resulting activity of DNA repair processes including non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), which is dominant in mammalian cells. NHEJ repair frequently causes small insertions and deletions (indels) near DNA cleavage sites but only rarely causes nucleotide substitutions. High-throughput sequencing is the primary means of assessing indel and substitution frequencies in bulk populations of cells in the gene editing field. However, it is difficult to detect bona fide substitutions, which are embedded among experimentally-induced substitution errors, in high-throughput sequencing data. Here, we developed a novel analysis method, named CRISPR-Sub, to statistically detect Cas9-mediated substitutions in high-throughput sequencing data by comparing Mock- and CRISPR-treated samples. We first pinpointed ‘hotspot positions’ in target sequences at which substitution mutations were quantitatively observed much more often (p > 0.001) in CRISPR- versus Mock-treated samples. We refer to the substitution mutations in defined hotspot positions as ‘apparent substitutions’ and ultimately calculated ‘apparent substitution frequencies’ for each target. By examining 51 endogenous target sites in HeLa cells, we found that the average apparent substitution frequency was 0.8% in all queries, that apparent substitutions frequently occur near CRISPR-Cas9 cleavage sites, and that nucleotide conversion showed no meaningful nucleotide preference patterns. Furthermore, we generated NHEJ-inhibited cell lines (LIG4−/−) by knockout of the gene encoding ligase IV and found that the apparent substitution frequencies were significantly decreased in LIG4−/− cells, strongly suggesting that DNA substitutions are generated by the NHEJ pathway.
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59
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Sun W, Wang J, Hu Q, Zhou X, Khademhosseini A, Gu Z. CRISPR-Cas12a delivery by DNA-mediated bioresponsive editing for cholesterol regulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba2983. [PMID: 32490205 PMCID: PMC7239642 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba2983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas12a represents an efficient tool for genome editing in addition to the extensively investigated CRISPR-Cas9. However, development of efficient nonviral delivery system for CRISPR-Cas12a remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate a DNA nanoclew (NC)-based carrier for delivery of Cas12a/CRISPR RNA (crRNA) ribonucleoprotein (RNP) toward regulating serum cholesterol levels. The DNA NC could efficiently load the Cas12a/crRNA RNP through complementation between the DNA NC and the crRNA. Addition of a cationic polymer layer condensed the DNA-templated core and allowed further coating of a charge reversal polymer layer, which makes the assembly negatively charged under a physiological pH but reverts to positive charge under an acidic environment. When Pcsk9 was selected as the target gene because of its important role in regulating the level of serum cholesterol, efficient Pcsk9 disruption was observed in vivo (~48%), significantly reducing the expression of PCSK9 and gaining the therapeutic benefit of cholesterol control (~45% of cholesterol reduction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jinqiang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Xingwu Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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The approved gene therapy drugs worldwide: from 1998 to 2019. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Trevisan M, Masi G, Palù G. Genome editing technologies to treat rare liver diseases. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 5:23. [PMID: 32258527 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2019.10.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver has a central role in protein and lipid metabolism, and diseases involving hepatocytes have often repercussions on multiple organs and systems. Hepatic disorders are frequently characterized by production of defective or non-functional proteins, and traditional gene therapy approaches have been attempted for years to restore adequate protein levels through delivery of transgenes. Recently, many different genome editing platforms have been developed aimed at correcting at DNA level the defects underlying the diseases. In this Review we discuss the latest applications of these tools applied to develop therapeutic strategies for rare liver disorders, in particular updating the literature with the most recent strategies relying on base editors technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Trevisan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Masi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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62
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Cheng Q, Wei T, Farbiak L, Johnson LT, Dilliard SA, Siegwart DJ. Selective organ targeting (SORT) nanoparticles for tissue-specific mRNA delivery and CRISPR-Cas gene editing. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:313-320. [PMID: 32251383 PMCID: PMC7735425 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 935] [Impact Index Per Article: 233.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas gene editing and messenger RNA-based protein replacement therapy hold tremendous potential to effectively treat disease-causing mutations with diverse cellular origin. However, it is currently impossible to rationally design nanoparticles that selectively target specific tissues. Here, we report a strategy termed selective organ targeting (SORT) wherein multiple classes of lipid nanoparticles are systematically engineered to exclusively edit extrahepatic tissues via addition of a supplemental SORT molecule. Lung-, spleen- and liver-targeted SORT lipid nanoparticles were designed to selectively edit therapeutically relevant cell types including epithelial cells, endothelial cells, B cells, T cells and hepatocytes. SORT is compatible with multiple gene editing techniques, including mRNA, Cas9 mRNA/single guide RNA and Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes, and is envisioned to aid the development of protein replacement and gene correction therapeutics in targeted tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tuo Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lukas Farbiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lindsay T Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sean A Dilliard
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J Siegwart
- Department of Biochemistry, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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63
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Breton C, Clark PM, Wang L, Greig JA, Wilson JM. ITR-Seq, a next-generation sequencing assay, identifies genome-wide DNA editing sites in vivo following adeno-associated viral vector-mediated genome editing. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:239. [PMID: 32183699 PMCID: PMC7076944 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying nuclease-induced double-stranded breaks in DNA on a genome-wide scale is critical for assessing the safety and efficacy of genome editing therapies. We previously demonstrated that after administering adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated genome-editing strategies in vivo, vector sequences integrated into the host organism's genomic DNA at double-stranded breaks. Thus, identifying the genomic location of inserted AAV sequences would enable us to identify DSB events, mainly derived from the nuclease on- and off-target activity. RESULTS Here, we developed a next-generation sequencing assay that detects insertions of specific AAV vector sequences called inverted terminal repeats (ITRs). This assay, ITR-Seq, enables us to identify off-target nuclease activity in vivo. Using ITR-Seq, we analyzed liver DNA samples of rhesus macaques treated with AAV vectors expressing a meganuclease. We found dose-dependent off-target activity and reductions in off-target events induced by further meganuclease development. In mice, we identified the genomic locations of ITR integration after treatment with Cas9 nucleases and their corresponding single-guide RNAs. CONCLUSIONS In sum, ITR-Seq is a powerful method for identifying off-target sequences induced by AAV vector-delivered genome-editing nucleases. ITR-Seq will help us understand the specificity and efficacy of different genome-editing nucleases in animal models and clinical studies. This information can help enhance the safety profile of gene-editing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Breton
- Gene Therapy Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 125 South 31st Street, Suite 1200, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Peter M Clark
- Gene Therapy Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 125 South 31st Street, Suite 1200, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lili Wang
- Gene Therapy Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 125 South 31st Street, Suite 1200, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jenny A Greig
- Gene Therapy Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 125 South 31st Street, Suite 1200, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James M Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 125 South 31st Street, Suite 1200, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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64
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Wang L, Yang Y, Breton C, Bell P, Li M, Zhang J, Che Y, Saveliev A, He Z, White J, Latshaw C, Xu C, McMenamin D, Yu H, Morizono H, Batshaw ML, Wilson JM. A mutation-independent CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene targeting approach to treat a murine model of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax5701. [PMID: 32095520 PMCID: PMC7015695 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax5701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency is an X-linked urea cycle disorder associated with high mortality. Although a promising treatment for late-onset OTC deficiency, adeno-associated virus (AAV) neonatal gene therapy would only provide short-term therapeutic effects as the non-integrated genome gets lost during hepatocyte proliferation. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair can correct a G-to-A mutation in 10% of OTC alleles in the livers of newborn OTC spfash mice. However, an editing vector able to correct one mutation would not be applicable for patients carrying different OTC mutations, plus expression would not be fast enough to treat a hyperammonemia crisis. Here, we describe a dual-AAV vector system that accomplishes rapid short-term expression from a non-integrated minigene and long-term expression from the site-specific integration of this minigene without any selective growth advantage for OTC-positive cells in newborns. This CRISPR-Cas9 gene-targeting approach may be applicable to all patients with OTC deficiency, irrespective of mutation and/or clinical state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Camilo Breton
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter Bell
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jia Zhang
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yan Che
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexei Saveliev
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhenning He
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John White
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Caitlin Latshaw
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chenyu Xu
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Deirdre McMenamin
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hiroki Morizono
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Mark L. Batshaw
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - James M. Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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65
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Segal DJ. Grand Challenges in Gene and Epigenetic Editing for Neurologic Disease. Front Genome Ed 2020; 1:1. [PMID: 34713209 PMCID: PMC8525068 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2019.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David J Segal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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66
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Zheng N, Li L, Wang X. Molecular mechanisms, off-target activities, and clinical potentials of genome editing systems. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:412-426. [PMID: 32508055 PMCID: PMC7240848 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methodologies of genome editing are rapidly developing with the improvement of gene science and technology, mechanism-based understanding, and urgent needs. In addition to the specificity and efficiency of on-target sites, one of the most important issues is to find and avoid off-targets before clinical application of gene editing as a therapy. Various algorithms, modified nucleases, and delivery vectors are developed to localize and minimize off-target sites. The present review aimed to clarify off-targets of various genome editing and explore potentials of clinical application by understanding structures, mechanisms, clinical applications, and off-target activities of genome editing systems, including CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR/Cas12a, zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, meganucleases, and recent developments. Current genome editing in cancer therapy mainly targeted immune systems in tumor microenvironment by ex vivo modification of the immune cells in phases I/II of clinical trials. We believe that genome editing will be the critical part of clinical precision medicine strategy and multidisciplinary therapy strategy by integrating gene sequencing, clinical transomics, and single cell biomedicine. There is an urgent need to develop on/off-target-specific biomarkers to monitor the efficacy and side-effects of gene therapy. Thus, the genome editing will be an alternative of clinical therapies for cancer with the rapid development of methodology and an important part of clinical precision medicine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zheng
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute for Clinical ScienceShanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liyang Li
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute for Clinical ScienceShanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute for Clinical ScienceShanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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67
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Wang D, Tai PWL, Gao G. Adeno-associated virus vector as a platform for gene therapy delivery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:358-378. [PMID: 30710128 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1250] [Impact Index Per Article: 250.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are the leading platform for gene delivery for the treatment of a variety of human diseases. Recent advances in developing clinically desirable AAV capsids, optimizing genome designs and harnessing revolutionary biotechnologies have contributed substantially to the growth of the gene therapy field. Preclinical and clinical successes in AAV-mediated gene replacement, gene silencing and gene editing have helped AAV gain popularity as the ideal therapeutic vector, with two AAV-based therapeutics gaining regulatory approval in Europe or the United States. Continued study of AAV biology and increased understanding of the associated therapeutic challenges and limitations will build the foundation for future clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Phillip W L Tai
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. .,Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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68
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Abstract
Owing to their high similarity to humans, non-human primates (NHPs) provide an exceedingly suitable model for the study of human disease. In this Review, we summarize the history of transgenic NHP models and the progress of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in NHPs, from the first proof-of-principle green fluorescent protein-expressing monkeys to sophisticated NHP models of human neurodegenerative disease that accurately phenocopy several complex disease features. We discuss not only the breakthroughs and advantages, but also the potential shortcomings of the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to NHPs that have emerged from the expanded understanding of this technology in recent years. Although off-target and mosaic mutations are the main concerns in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated NHP modeling, recent progress in genome editing techniques make it likely that these technical limitations will be overcome soon, bringing excellent prospects to human disease studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Chu Chu
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yuyu Niu
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
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69
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Zabaleta N, Hommel M, Salas D, Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza G. Genetic-Based Approaches to Inherited Metabolic Liver Diseases. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:1190-1203. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Zabaleta
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mirja Hommel
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Salas
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gloria Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Vivet Therapeutics, Pamplona, Spain
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70
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J. Dzau
- From the Office of the President, National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine), Washington, DC
| | - Celynne A. Balatbat
- From the Office of the President, National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine), Washington, DC
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71
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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated in vivo gene targeting corrects hemostasis in newborn and adult factor IX–knockout mice. Blood 2019; 133:2745-2752. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Many genetic diseases, including hemophilia, require long-term therapeutic effects. Despite the initial success of liver-directed adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy for hemophilia in clinical trials, long-term sustained therapeutic effects have yet to be seen. One explanation for the gradual decline of efficacy over time is that the nonintegrating AAV vector genome could be lost during cell division during hepatocyte turnover, albeit at a slow pace in adults. Readministering the same vector is challenging as a result of the AAV-neutralizing antibodies elicited by the initial treatment. Here, we investigated the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated homology-directed gene targeting for sustained treatment of hemophilia B. We developed a donor vector containing a promoterless partial human factor IX (FIX) complementary DNA carrying the hyperactive FIX Padua mutation. A single injection of dual AAV vectors in newborn and adult FIX-knockout (FIX-KO) mice led to stable expression of FIX at or above the normal levels for 8 months. Eight weeks after the vector treatment, we subjected a subgroup of newborn and adult treated FIX-KO mice to a two-thirds partial hepatectomy; all of these animals survived the procedure without any complications or interventions. FIX levels persisted at similar levels for 24 weeks after partial hepatectomy, indicating stable genomic targeting. Our results lend support for the use of a CRISPR/Cas9 approach to achieve lifelong expression of therapeutic proteins.
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72
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McMurrough TA, Brown CM, Zhang K, Hausner G, Junop MS, Gloor GB, Edgell DR. Active site residue identity regulates cleavage preference of LAGLIDADG homing endonucleases. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:11990-12007. [PMID: 30357419 PMCID: PMC6294521 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
LAGLIDADG homing endonucleases (meganucleases) are site-specific mobile endonucleases that can be adapted for genome-editing applications. However, one problem when reprogramming meganucleases on non-native substrates is indirect readout of DNA shape and flexibility at the central 4 bases where cleavage occurs. To understand how the meganuclease active site regulates DNA cleavage, we used functional selections and deep sequencing to profile the fitness landscape of 1600 I-LtrI and I-OnuI active site variants individually challenged with 67 substrates with central 4 base substitutions. The wild-type active site was not optimal for cleavage on many substrates, including the native I-LtrI and I-OnuI targets. Novel combinations of active site residues not observed in known meganucleases supported activity on substrates poorly cleaved by the wild-type enzymes. Strikingly, combinations of E or D substitutions in the two metal-binding residues greatly influenced cleavage activity, and E184D variants had a broadened cleavage profile. Analyses of I-LtrI E184D and the wild-type proteins co-crystallized with the non-cognate AACC central 4 sequence revealed structural differences that correlated with kinetic constants for cleavage of individual DNA strands. Optimizing meganuclease active sites to enhance cleavage of non-native central 4 target sites is a straightforward addition to engineering workflows that will expand genome-editing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A McMurrough
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Christopher M Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Georg Hausner
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Murray S Junop
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Gregory B Gloor
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - David R Edgell
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
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73
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Wang Z, Yang L, Qu S, Zhang C. CRISPR-mediated gene editing to rescue haploinsufficient obesity syndrome. Protein Cell 2019; 10:705-708. [PMID: 31124015 PMCID: PMC6776488 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-019-0635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Wang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Research & Development Department, Sinoneural Cell and Gene Engineering Holdings Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Metabolic Management Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Metabolic Management Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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74
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Gomez JA, Beitnere U, Segal DJ. Live-Animal Epigenome Editing: Convergence of Novel Techniques. Trends Genet 2019; 35:527-541. [PMID: 31128888 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epigenome editing refers to the generation of precise chromatin alterations and their effects on gene expression and cell biology. Until recently, much of the efforts in epigenome editing were limited to tissue culture models of disease. However, the convergence of techniques from different fields including mammalian genetics, virology, and CRISPR engineering is advancing epigenome editing into a new era. Researchers are increasingly embracing the use of multicellular model organisms to test the role of specific chromatin alterations in development and disease. The challenge of successful live-animal epigenomic editing will depend on a well-informed foundation of the current methodologies for cell-specific delivery and editing accuracy. Here we review the opportunities for basic research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Antonio Gomez
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ulrika Beitnere
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - David J Segal
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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75
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Wang Y, Ma M, Wang JA, Daugherty A, Lu HS. Targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in mice and monkeys. Curr Opin Lipidol 2019; 30:154-155. [PMID: 30844857 PMCID: PMC6513310 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
- The Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Murong Ma
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jian-An Wang
- The Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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76
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Stephens CJ, Lauron EJ, Kashentseva E, Lu ZH, Yokoyama WM, Curiel DT. Long-term correction of hemophilia B using adenoviral delivery of CRISPR/Cas9. J Control Release 2019; 298:128-141. [PMID: 30771412 PMCID: PMC6636336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hemophilia B (HB) is a life-threatening inherited disease caused by mutations in the FIX gene, leading to reduced protein function and abnormal blood clotting. Due to its monogenic nature, HB is one of the primary targets for gene therapy. Indeed, successful correction of HB has been shown in clinical trials using gene therapy approaches. However, application of these strategies to non-adult patients is limited due to high cell turnover as young patients develop, resulting in vector dilution and subsequent loss of therapeutic expression. Gene editing can potentially overcome this issue by permanently inserting the corrective gene. Integration allows replication of the therapeutic transgene at every cell division and can avoid issues associated with vector dilution. In this study, we explored adenovirus as a platform for corrective CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knock-in. We determined as a proof-of-principle that adenoviral delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 is capable of corrective gene addition, leading to long-term augmentation of FIX activity and phenotypic correction in a murine model of juvenile HB. While we found on-target error-free integration in all examined samples, some mice also contained mutations at the integration target site. Additionally, we detected adaptive immune responses against the vector and Cas9 nuclease. Overall, our findings show that the adenovirus platform is suitable for gene insertion in juveniles with inherited disease, suggesting this approach may be applicable to other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin J Stephens
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Molecular Genetics and Genomics Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8226, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elvin J Lauron
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8045, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elena Kashentseva
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhi Hong Lu
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wayne M Yokoyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8045, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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77
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Hagiwara N. Genome Editing for Cardiovascular Diseases-A Brief Review for Cardiologists. Am J Cardiol 2019; 123:1002-1006. [PMID: 30606452 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The recent technical advances in genome engineering have accelerated our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of human diseases and are leading to increased clinical applications of gene-targeting therapies. The field of cardiovascular medicine, rich in knowledge of molecular level disease mechanisms, is particularly well positioned to receive significant benefits from this technology. Specifically, a new generation of genome editing tools capable of introducing targeted sequence modifications at high frequencies initiated by induced DNA double-strand breaks has been developed. Of note is the RNA-guided genome editing system, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9), which has provided researchers and clinicians a malleable gene-targeting platform with high specificity. Recent reports have robustly demonstrated proof-of-concept in using CRISPR-Cas9 based gene therapy for treating common cardiovascular diseases and are testaments that the new genome editing technology holds promise for treating patients with cardiovascular ailments in the clinic in the near future. In light of this trend, a basic understanding of genome editing technology is becoming more relevant to clinical cardiologists. To this end, a concise explanation of terms and the biological basis of genome editing, on-going research, and clinical trials highly relevant to clinical application are presented. In conclusion, the aim of this short review is to introduce clinicians to the core concepts of current genome editing technology.
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78
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Porteus
- From the Department of Pediatrics-Stem Cell Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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79
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Li A, Lee CM, Hurley AE, Jarrett KE, De Giorgi M, Lu W, Balderrama KS, Doerfler AM, Deshmukh H, Ray A, Bao G, Lagor WR. A Self-Deleting AAV-CRISPR System for In Vivo Genome Editing. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 12:111-122. [PMID: 30619914 PMCID: PMC6313841 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors packaging the CRISPR-Cas9 system (AAV-CRISPR) can efficiently modify disease-relevant genes in somatic tissues with high efficiency. AAV vectors are a preferred delivery vehicle for tissue-directed gene therapy because of their ability to achieve sustained expression from largely non-integrating episomal genomes. However, for genome editizng applications, permanent expression of non-human proteins such as the bacterially derived Cas9 nuclease is undesirable. Methods are needed to achieve efficient genome editing in vivo, with controlled transient expression of CRISPR-Cas9. Here, we report a self-deleting AAV-CRISPR system that introduces insertion and deletion mutations into AAV episomes. We demonstrate that this system dramatically reduces the level of Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 protein, often greater than 79%, while achieving high rates of on-target editing in the liver. Off-target mutagenesis was not observed for the self-deleting Cas9 guide RNA at any of the predicted potential off-target sites examined. This system is efficient and versatile, as demonstrated by robust knockdown of liver-expressed proteins in vivo. This self-deleting AAV-CRISPR system is an important proof of concept that will help enable translation of liver-directed genome editing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ciaran M Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ayrea E Hurley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kelsey E Jarrett
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marco De Giorgi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiqi Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karol S Balderrama
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexandria M Doerfler
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Anirban Ray
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gang Bao
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William R Lagor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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80
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Benes LB, Brandt DJ, Brandt EJ, Davidson MH. How Genomics Is Personalizing the Management of Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. Curr Cardiol Rep 2018; 20:138. [DOI: 10.1007/s11886-018-1079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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