51
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Hakobyan K, Xu J, Müllner M. The challenges of controlling polymer synthesis at the molecular and macromolecular level. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01581h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we outline advances and challenges in controlling the structure of polymers at various size regimes in the context of structural features such as molecular weight distribution, end groups, architecture, composition and sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hakobyan
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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52
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53
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Hairy nanoparticles by atom transfer radical polymerization in miniemulsion. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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54
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Tashiro K, Katayama K, Tamaki K, Pesce L, Shimizu N, Takagi H, Haruki R, Hollamby MJ, Pavan GM, Yagai S. Non-uniform Photoinduced Unfolding of Supramolecular Polymers Leading to Topological Block Nanofibers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26986-26993. [PMID: 34623014 PMCID: PMC9298767 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of one-dimensional nanofibers with distinct topological (higher-order structural) domains in the same main chain is one of the challenging topics in modern supramolecular polymer chemistry. Non-uniform structural transformation of supramolecular polymer chains by external stimuli may enable preparation of such nanofibers. To demonstrate feasibility of this post-polymerization strategy, we prepared a photoresponsive helically folded supramolecular polymers from a barbiturate monomer containing an azobenzene-embedded rigid π-conjugated scaffold. In contrast to previous helically folded supramolecular polymers composed of a more flexible azobenzene monomer, UV-light induced unfolding of the newly prepared helically folded supramolecular polymers occurred nonuniformly, affording topological block copolymers consisting of folded and unfolded domains. The formation of such blocky copolymers indicates that the photoinduced unfolding of the helically folded structures initiates from relatively flexible parts such as termini or defects. Spontaneous refolding of the unfolded domains was observed after visible-light irradiation followed by aging to restore fully folded structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Tashiro
- Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR)Chiba University1–33 Yayoi-choInage-kuChiba263–8522Japan
| | - Kosuke Katayama
- Division of Advanced Science and EngineeringGraduate School of Science and EngineeringChiba University1–33 Yayoi-choInage-kuChiba263–8522Japan
| | - Kenta Tamaki
- Division of Advanced Science and EngineeringGraduate School of Science and EngineeringChiba University1–33 Yayoi-choInage-kuChiba263–8522Japan
| | - Luca Pesce
- Department of Innovative TechnologiesUniversity of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern SwitzerlandVia La Santa 16962Lugano-ViganelloSwitzerland
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Photon FactoryInstitute of Materials Structure ScienceHigh Energy Accelerator Research OrganizationTsukuba305–0801Japan
| | - Hideaki Takagi
- Photon FactoryInstitute of Materials Structure ScienceHigh Energy Accelerator Research OrganizationTsukuba305–0801Japan
| | - Rie Haruki
- Photon FactoryInstitute of Materials Structure ScienceHigh Energy Accelerator Research OrganizationTsukuba305–0801Japan
| | - Martin J. Hollamby
- School of Physical and Geographical SciencesKeele UniversityKeeleStaffordshireST55BGUK
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department of Innovative TechnologiesUniversity of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern SwitzerlandVia La Santa 16962Lugano-ViganelloSwitzerland
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TorinoItaly
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR)Chiba University1–33 Yayoi-choInage-kuChiba263–8522Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringChiba University1–33 Yayoi-choInage-kuChiba263–8522Japan
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55
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Tashiro K, Katayama K, Tamaki K, Pesce L, Shimizu N, Takagi H, Haruki R, Hollamby MJ, Pavan GM, Yagai S. Non‐uniform Photoinduced Unfolding of Supramolecular Polymers Leading to Topological Block Nanofibers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Tashiro
- Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR) Chiba University 1–33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku Chiba 263–8522 Japan
| | - Kosuke Katayama
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering Chiba University 1–33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku Chiba 263–8522 Japan
| | - Kenta Tamaki
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering Chiba University 1–33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku Chiba 263–8522 Japan
| | - Luca Pesce
- Department of Innovative Technologies University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland Via La Santa 1 6962 Lugano-Viganello Switzerland
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Photon Factory Institute of Materials Structure Science High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba 305–0801 Japan
| | - Hideaki Takagi
- Photon Factory Institute of Materials Structure Science High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba 305–0801 Japan
| | - Rie Haruki
- Photon Factory Institute of Materials Structure Science High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba 305–0801 Japan
| | - Martin J. Hollamby
- School of Physical and Geographical Sciences Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST55BG UK
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland Via La Santa 1 6962 Lugano-Viganello Switzerland
- Department of Applied Science and Technology Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino Italy
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR) Chiba University 1–33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku Chiba 263–8522 Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University 1–33 Yayoi-cho Inage-ku Chiba 263–8522 Japan
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56
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Soly S, Mistry B, Murthy CN. Photo‐mediated metal‐free atom transfer radical polymerization: recent advances in organocatalysts and perfection towards polymer synthesis. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Soly
- Macromolecular Materials Laboratory, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara 390001 India
| | - Bhavita Mistry
- Macromolecular Materials Laboratory, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara 390001 India
| | - CN Murthy
- Macromolecular Materials Laboratory, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara 390001 India
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Juliá F, Constantin T, Leonori D. Applications of Halogen-Atom Transfer (XAT) for the Generation of Carbon Radicals in Synthetic Photochemistry and Photocatalysis. Chem Rev 2021; 122:2292-2352. [PMID: 34882396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The halogen-atom transfer (XAT) is one of the most important and applied processes for the generation of carbon radicals in synthetic chemistry. In this review, we summarize and highlight the most important aspects associated with XAT and the impact it has had on photochemistry and photocatalysis. The organization of the material starts with the analysis of the most important mechanistic aspects and then follows a subdivision based on the nature of the reagents used in the halogen abstraction. This review aims to provide a general overview of the fundamental concepts and main agents involved in XAT processes with the objective of offering a tool to understand and facilitate the development of new synthetic radical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Juliá
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Timothée Constantin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Grotian Genannt Klages H, Ermis N, Luinstra GA, Zentel KM. Coupling Kinetic Modelling with SAOS and LAOS Rheology of Poly(n-Butyl Acrylate). Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100620. [PMID: 34874586 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A kinetic model based on fundamentals of radical polymerization and literature known rate parameters for the polymerization of n-butyl acrylate is validated against molecular analysis and rheological data. The model is used to predict conversion, molar mass distribution, and branching densities in form of short and long chain branching. Rheological measurements of synthesized model polymers are evaluated along the Carreau-Yasuda and Van Gurp-Palmen presentations, allowing to detect small differences in the degree of long chain branching. Contributions of anharmonics to viscoelastic response in large amplitude oscillations are small and differences between the products are dominated by the differences in molar mass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nihal Ermis
- Faculty of Engineering, Samsun University, Ballıca Kampüsü, Ondokuzmayis/Samsun, 55420, Turkey
| | - Gerrit Albert Luinstra
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Maria Zentel
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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59
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Bo C, Li Y, Liu B, Jia Z, Dai X, Gong B. Grafting copolymer brushes on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes silsesquioxane-decorated silica stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1659:462627. [PMID: 34700183 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A strategy is proposed to develop a stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) using the synergistic effect of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and copolymer brushes. Octahedral octa-aminopropylsisesquioxane (8NH2-POSS) was first bound to silica gel, followed by bromination to form a cubic initiator. Then, using acrylamide (AM) and dihydroxypropyl methacrylate (DPMA) as mixed monomers, surface initiated-atom transfer radical polymerization was conducted to prepare a stationary phase comprising cubic copolymer brushes with amide and diol groups. The characterization of the stationary phase confirmed the successful synthesis of Sil-NH2-POSS/Poly(AM-co-DPMA). The chromatographic properties were investigated using nucleosides, organic acids and β-agonists to find that our designed column has superior hydrophilic property, better separation performance compared with classical HILIC columns consisting of diol- or amino-modified silica. The systematic investigation of the retention mechanism and separation selectivity using various types of polar compounds revealed that Sil-NH2-POSS/Poly(AM-co-DPMA) follows a mixed-mode retention composed of HILIC and electrostatic interactions. Besides, it exhibits good column efficiency and stability. The role of 8NH2-POSS in the separation was evaluated by comparing the performance of Sil-NH2-POSS/Poly(AM-co-DPMA) and poly(AM-co-DPMA)-modified silica without 8NH2-POSS. In conclusion, our designed based on POSS and hydrophilic copolymer brushes can contribute to the development of HILIC separation materials with enhanced performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmiao Bo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, No. 204 Wenchang North Street, Xixia District, Yinchuan 750021, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021,China; Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, No. 204 Wenchang North Street, Xixia District, Yinchuan 750021, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021,China; Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, No. 204 Wenchang North Street, Xixia District, Yinchuan 750021, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021,China; Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhuanhong Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xiaojun Dai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Bolin Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, No. 204 Wenchang North Street, Xixia District, Yinchuan 750021, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021,China; Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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60
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Magina S, Barros-Timmons A, Evtuguin DV. Synthesis of Lignosulfonate-Based Dispersants for Application in Concrete Formulations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7388. [PMID: 34885542 PMCID: PMC8658405 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lignosulfonates (LS) are products from the sulfite pulping process that could be applied as renewable environmentally-friendly polymeric surfactants. Being widely used as plasticizers and water-reducing admixtures in concrete formulations LS compete in the market with petroleum-based superplasticizers, such as naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde polycondensate (NSF) and copolymer polycarboxylate ethers (PCE). In this work, different chemical modification strategies were used to improve LS performance as dispersants for concrete formulations. One strategy consisted in increasing the molecular weight of LS through different approaches, such as laccase and polyoxometalate-mediated polymerization, glyoxalation, and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The other strategy consisted of preparing LS-based non-ionic polymeric dispersants using two different epoxidized oligomer derivatives of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(propylene glycol) (PPG). Modified LS were used to prepare cement pastes, which were examined for their fluidity. Results revealed that the most promising products are PPG-modified LS due to the introduction of PPG chains by reaction with phenolic moieties in LS. The enhanced dispersant efficiency of the ensuing products is probably related not only to electrostatic repulsion caused by the sulfonic ionizable groups in LS but also to steric hindrance phenomena due to the grafted bulky PPG chains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dmitry V. Evtuguin
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.M.); (A.B.-T.)
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61
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Razavi B, Soleymani-Kashkooli M, Salami-Kalajahi M, Roghani-Mamaqani H. Morphology evolution of multi-responsive ABA triblock copolymers containing photo-crosslinkable coumarin molecules. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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62
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Shen Y, Wang Y, Hamley IW, Qi W, Su R, He Z. Chiral self-assembly of peptides: Toward the design of supramolecular polymers with enhanced chemical and biological functions. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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63
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Li S, Lorandi F, Wang H, Liu T, Whitacre JF, Matyjaszewski K. Functional polymers for lithium metal batteries. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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64
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Kawarazaki I, Hayashi M, Shibata A, Kaai M. Extraction of intrinsic effects of glassy domain cross-linking on the tensile properties of ABA block copolymer elastomers via photo cross-linking approach. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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65
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Rostami Najafabadi Z, Omaña AA, Rivard E, Soares JBP. Ethylene/Propylene/Diene Terpolymers Grafted with Poly(methyl acrylate) by Reverse Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rostami Najafabadi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - Alvaro A. Omaña
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - João B. P. Soares
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 1H9 Canada
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66
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Frech S, Molle E, Butzelaar AJ, Theato P. Ethylene-Free Synthesis of Polyethylene Copolymers and Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Frech
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory - Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Edgar Molle
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory - Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Butzelaar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory - Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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67
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Bliznyuk VN, Seliman AF, Derevyanko NA, Dugan A, Ishchenko AA, DeVol TA. Plastic Scintillators and Radiation Detectors Based on Triphenyl Pyrazoline Derivatives. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valery N. Bliznyuk
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Earth Science Clemson University 29634-0919 Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Ayman F. Seliman
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Earth Science Clemson University 29634-0919 Clemson South Carolina USA
| | | | - Andrew Dugan
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Earth Science Clemson University 29634-0919 Clemson South Carolina USA
| | | | - Timothy A. DeVol
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Earth Science Clemson University 29634-0919 Clemson South Carolina USA
- Nuclear Environmental Engineering Sciences and Radioactive Waste Management (NEESRWM) Center at Clemson University Clemson SC USA 29634-0942
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69
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70
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Kim D, Do J, Kim K, Kim Y, Lee H, Seo B, Lee W, Jeon HB, Cho HY, Paik HJ. Branch-Controlled ATRP Via Sulfoxide Chemistry. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Juhyuk Do
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Kyungho Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Yeonji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Bongkuk Seo
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Korea
| | - Wonjoo Lee
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Korea
| | - Heung Bae Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Hong Y. Cho
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyun-jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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71
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Bhadauriya S, Nallapaneni A, Wang X, Zhang J, Masud A, Bockstaller MR, Al-Enizi AM, Stafford CM, Douglas JF, Karim A. Enhanced resistance to decay of imprinted nanopatterns in thin films by bare nanoparticles compared to polymer-grafted nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5348-5354. [PMID: 36132626 PMCID: PMC9419356 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00206f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We extend a previous study on the influence of nanoparticles on the decay of nanoimprinted polymer film patterns to compare the effects of "bare" silica (SiO2) nanoparticles and SiO2 nanoparticles with grafted polymer layers having the same chemical composition as the polymer matrix. This method involves nanoimprinting substrate-supported polymer films using a pattern replicated from a digital versatile disc (DVD), and then annealing the patterned polymer nanocomposite films at elevated temperatures to follow the decay of the topographic surface pattern with time by atomic force microscopy imaging after quenching. We quantified the relaxation of the pattern height ("slumping") and determined the relaxation time τ for this pattern decay process as a function of nanoparticle filler type and concentration to determine how nanoparticle additives influence relative film stability. Attractive interactions between the bare nanoparticles and the polymer matrix significantly enhance the thermal resilience of the nanopatterns to decay, compared to those of the particle brushes, wherein the particle core interactions are screened from the matrix via the brush layer. A novel aspect of this method is that it readily lends itself to in situ film relaxation measurements in a manufacturing context. We observe that the relaxation time of the pattern relaxation exhibits entropy-enthalpy compensation in the free energy parameters governing the pattern relaxation process as a function of temperature, irrespective of the NP system used, consistent with our previous experimental and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Bhadauriya
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325 USA
| | | | - Xiaoteng Wang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325 USA
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Ali Masud
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston Houston Texas 77204 USA
| | - Michael R Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Abdullah M Al-Enizi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher M Stafford
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 USA
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 USA
| | - Alamgir Karim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston Houston Texas 77204 USA
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Zentel KM, Busch M. Predicting Polymer Properties via a Coupled Kinetic, Stochastic and Rheological Modeling Approach from Reaction Conditions. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.202100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M. Zentel
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich‐Weiß‐Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Markus Busch
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich‐Weiß‐Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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Yoshikawa C, Sakakibara K, Nonsuwan P, Yamazaki T, Tsujii Y. Nonbiofouling Coatings Using Bottlebrushes with Concentrated Polymer Brush Architecture. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2505-2514. [PMID: 33938735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Concentrated polymer brushes (CPBs) are known to suppress biofouling phenomena, such as protein adsorption and cell adhesion. However, a cumbersome process is needed for their synthesis. Here, we report a simple and versatile method for fabricating nonbiofouling coatings that uses well-defined bottlebrushes instead of CPBs. First, a macroinitiator, poly[2-(2-bromoisobutyryloxy)ethyl methacrylate] (PBIEM), was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Then, poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] was grafted from PBIEM through atom transfer radical polymerization to form well-defined bottlebrushes. By controlling the graft chain length, two types of bottlebrushes could be prepared, namely those with a semi-dilute polymer brush (SDPB) structure or a CPB structure on the surface of the outermost layer. Crosslinked films of the bottlebrushes were prepared on silicon wafers by spin-coating and subsequent radical coupling. Importantly, the CPB-type bottlebrush films showed significantly better nonbiofouling characteristics than those of the SDPB-type bottlebrush films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Yoshikawa
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Keita Sakakibara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Punnida Nonsuwan
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yamazaki
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Tsujii
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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75
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Butowska K, Woziwodzka A, Borowik A, Piosik J. Polymeric Nanocarriers: A Transformation in Doxorubicin Therapies. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2135. [PMID: 33922291 PMCID: PMC8122860 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin, a member of the anthracycline family, is a common anticancer agent often used as a first line treatment for the wide spectrum of cancers. Doxorubicin-based chemotherapy, although effective, is associated with serious side effects, such as irreversible cardiotoxicity or nephrotoxicity. Those often life-threatening adverse risks, responsible for the elongation of the patients' recuperation period and increasing medical expenses, have prompted the need for creating novel and safer drug delivery systems. Among many proposed concepts, polymeric nanocarriers are shown to be a promising approach, allowing for controlled and selective drug delivery, simultaneously enhancing its activity towards cancerous cells and reducing toxic effects on healthy tissues. This article is a chronological examination of the history of the work progress on polymeric nanostructures, designed as efficient doxorubicin nanocarriers, with the emphasis on the main achievements of 2010-2020. Numerous publications have been reviewed to provide an essential summation of the nanopolymer types and their essential properties, mechanisms towards efficient drug delivery, as well as active targeting stimuli-responsive strategies that are currently utilized in the doxorubicin transportation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Butowska
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.B.); (A.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Woziwodzka
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.B.); (A.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Borowik
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.B.); (A.W.); (A.B.)
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jacek Piosik
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.B.); (A.W.); (A.B.)
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76
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Collis DWP, Yilmaz G, Yuan Y, Monaco A, Ochbaum G, Shi Y, O'Malley C, Uzunova V, Napier R, Bitton R, Becer CR, Azevedo HS. Hyaluronan (HA)-inspired glycopolymers as molecular tools for studying HA functions. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:568-576. [PMID: 34458800 PMCID: PMC8341579 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00223b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), the only non-sulphated glycosaminoglycan, serves numerous structural and biological functions in the human body, from providing viscoelasticity in tissues to creating hydrated environments for cell migration and proliferation. HA is also involved in the regulation of morphogenesis, inflammation and tumorigenesis through interactions with specific HA-binding proteins. Whilst the physicochemical and biological properties of HA have been widely studied for decades, the exact mechanisms by which HA exerts its multiple functions are not completely understood. Glycopolymers offer a simple and precise synthetic platform for the preparation of glycan analogues, being an alternative to the demanding synthetic chemical glycosylation. A library of homo, statistical and alternating HA glycopolymers were synthesised by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerisation and post-modification utilising copper alkyne-azide cycloaddition to graft orthogonal pendant HA monosaccharides (N-acetyl glucosamine: GlcNAc and glucuronic acid: GlcA) onto the polymer. Using surface plasmon resonance, the binding of the glycopolymers to known HA-binding peptides and proteins (CD44, hyaluronidase) was assessed and compared to carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins). These studies revealed potential structure-binding relationships between HA monosaccharides and HA receptors and novel HA binders, such as Dectin-1 and DEC-205 lectins. The inhibitory effect of HA glycopolymers on hyaluronidase (HAase) activity was also investigated suggesting GlcNAc- and GlcA-based glycopolymers as potential HAase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic W P Collis
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - Yichen Yuan
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - Alessandra Monaco
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - Guy Ochbaum
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Ilza Katz, Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Yejiao Shi
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - Clare O'Malley
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | | | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - Ronit Bitton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Ilza Katz, Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - C Remzi Becer
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - Helena S Azevedo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
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77
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Zahoranová A, Luxenhofer R. Poly(2-oxazoline)- and Poly(2-oxazine)-Based Self-Assemblies, Polyplexes, and Drug Nanoformulations-An Update. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001382. [PMID: 33448122 PMCID: PMC11468752 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For many decades, poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s, two closely related families of polymers, have led the life of a rather obscure research topic with only a few research groups world-wide working with them. This has changed in the last five to ten years, presumably triggered significantly by very promising clinical trials of the first poly(2-oxazoline)-based drug conjugate. The huge chemical and structural toolbox poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s has been extended very significantly in the last few years, but their potential still remains largely untapped. Here, specifically, the developments in macromolecular self-assemblies and non-covalent drug delivery systems such as polyplexes and drug nanoformulations based on poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s are reviewed. This highly dynamic field benefits particularly from the extensive synthetic toolbox poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s offer and also may have the largest potential for a further development. It is expected that the research dynamics will remain high in the next few years, particularly as more about the safety and therapeutic potential of poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s is learned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zahoranová
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryVienna University of TechnologyGetreidemarkt 9/163MCVienna1060Austria
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer MaterialsChair for Advanced Materials SynthesisInstitute for Functional Materials and BiofabricationDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgRöntgenring 11Würzburg97070Germany
- Soft Matter ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryHelsinki UniversityHelsinki00014Finland
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78
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Marić
- Department of Chemical Engineering McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
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79
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One Pot Synthesis of Large Gold Nanoparticles with Triple Functional Ferrocene Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052328. [PMID: 33652655 PMCID: PMC7956544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In biomedical, toxicological, and optoelectronic applications, the size of nanoparticles is one of the decisive factors. Therefore, synthesis of nanoparticles with controlled sizes is required. The current methods for synthesis of larger gold nanoparticles (GNPs, ~200 nm) are complex and tedious, producing nanoparticles with a lower yield and more irregular shapes. Using ferrocene as a primary reducing agent and stabilizer, sodium citrate as a dispersant, and sodium borohydride as an accessory reducing agent, GNPs of 200 nm were synthesized in a one pot reaction. Besides the roles of reducing agent and GNP stabilizer, ferrocene also served a role of quantitative marker for ligand loading, allowing an accurate determinate of surface ligands.
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80
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Singh AK, Chauhan A, Puri S, Singh A. Photo-induced bond breaking during phase separation kinetics of block copolymer melts: a dissipative particle dynamics study. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1802-1813. [PMID: 33399613 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01664k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using a dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation method, we study the phase separation dynamics in block copolymer (BCP) melts in d = 3, subjected to external stimuli such as light. An initial homogeneous BCP melt is rapidly quenched to a temperature T < Tc, where Tc is the critical temperature. We then allow the system to undergo alternate light "on" and "off" cycles. An on-cycle breaks the stimuli-sensitive bonds connecting both the blocks A and B in the BCP melt, and during the off-cycle, the broken bonds recombine. By simulating the effect of light, we isolate scenarios where phase separation begins with the light off (set 1); the cooperative interactions within the system allow it to undergo microphase separation. When the phase separation starts with the light on (set 2), the system undergoes macrophase separation due to bond breaking. Here, we report the role of alternate cycles on domain morphology by varying the bond-breaking probability for both set 1 and set 2, respectively. We observe that the scaling functions depend upon the conditions mentioned above that change the time scale of the evolving morphologies in various cycles. However, in all the cases, the average domain size respects the power-law growth: R(t) ∼tφ at late times, where φ is the dynamic growth exponent. After a short-lived diffusive growth (φ∼ 1/3) at early times, φ illustrates a crossover from the viscous hydrodynamic (φ∼ 1) to the inertial hydrodynamic (φ∼ 2/3) regimes at late times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Avinash Chauhan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Sanjay Puri
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Awaneesh Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221005, India.
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81
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Rho JY, Perrier S. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: User's Guide to Supramolecular Peptide-Polymer Conjugates. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:258-271. [PMID: 35570781 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This Viewpoint highlights the design principles and development of peptide-based supramolecular polymers. Here we delve deep into the practicalities of synthesizing and characterizing these macromolecular structures and provide a thorough overview of the benefits and challenges that come with these systems. This Viewpoint emphasizes to beginners and experts alike the importance of understanding the fundamental behavior and self-assembly processes when designing these complex and dynamic functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Y Rho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville Victoria 3052, Australia.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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82
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Luo D, Lei G, Zhen W, Zhao L. The synthesis, characterization of opal-poly(methyl methacrylate) graft polymer based on ICAR-ATRP and its effect on performance of poly (lactic acid). POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1876878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Gaowei Lei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Weijun Zhen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
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83
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Li Y, Liu J. Nanozyme's catching up: activity, specificity, reaction conditions and reaction types. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:336-350. [PMID: 34821258 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01393e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes aim to mimic enzyme activities. In addition to catalytic activity, nanozymes also need to have specificity and catalyze biologically relevant reactions under physiological conditions to fit in the definition of enzyme and to set nanozymes apart from typical inorganic catalysts. Previous discussions in the nanozyme field mainly focused on the types of reactions or certain analytical, biomedical or environmental applications. In this article, we discuss efforts made to mimic enzymes. First, the catalytic cycles are compared, where a key difference is specific substrate binding by enzymes versus non-specific substrate adsorption by nanozymes. We then reviewed efforts to engineer and surface-modify nanomaterials to accelerate reaction rates, strategies to graft affinity ligands and molecularly imprinted polymers to achieve specific catalysis, and methods to bring nanozyme reactions to neutral pH and ambient temperature. Most of the current nanozyme reactions used a few model chromogenic substrates of no biological relevance. Therefore, we also reviewed efforts to catalyze the conversion of biomolecules and biopolymers using nanozymes. By the efforts to close the gaps between nanozymes and enzymes, we believe nanozymes are catching up rapidly. Still, challenges exist in materials design to further improve nanozymes as true enzyme mimics and achieve impactful applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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84
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Oliveira ASR, Mendonça PV, Simões S, Serra AC, Coelho JFJ. Amphiphilic well‐defined degradable star block copolymers by combination of ring‐opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization: Synthesis and application as drug delivery carriers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S. R. Oliveira
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Patrícia V. Mendonça
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Sérgio Simões
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Arménio C. Serra
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Jorge F. J. Coelho
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
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85
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Geagea E, Jeannoutot J, Féron M, Palmino F, Thomas CM, Rochefort A, Chérioux F. Collective radical oligomerisation induced by an STM tip on a silicon surface. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:349-354. [PMID: 33346311 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08291k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, on-surface fabrication of organic nanostructures has been widely investigated for the development of molecular electronic components, catalysts, and new materials. Here, we introduce a new strategy to obtain alkyl oligomers in a controlled manner using on-surface radical oligomerisations that are triggered by electrons between the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope and the Si(111)√3 ×√3 R30°-B surface. This electron transfer event only occurs when the bias voltage is below -4.5 V and allows access to reactive radical species under exceptionally mild conditions. This transfer can effectively 'switch on' a sequence leading to the formation of oligomers of defined size distribution thanks to the on-surface confinement of the reactive species. Our approach enables new ways to initiate and control radical oligomerisations with tunnelling electrons, leading to molecularly precise nanofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Geagea
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte, FEMTO-ST, UFC, CNRS, 15B Avenue des Montboucons, F-25030 Besancon cedex, France.
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86
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RAFT polymerization within high internal phase emulsions: Porous structures, mechanical behaviors, and uptakes. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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87
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Hou C, Zhou C, Cheng J. Norbornenyl-based amphiphilic ABA-triblock azobenzene copolymers: Synthesis, photoresponsive and self-assembly properties. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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88
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An Z, Zhu S, An Z. Heterogeneous photocatalytic reversible deactivation radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00130b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) permits the use of sustainable solar light for spatiotemporal regulation of radical polymerization under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin An
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Shilong Zhu
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Zesheng An
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
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89
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Wong JC, Xiang L, Ngoi KH, Chia CH, Jin KS, Kim HC, Kim HJ, Hirao A, Ree M. Molecular weight effect on the structural detail and chain characteristics of 33-armed star polystyrene. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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90
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Simonova M, Ivanov I, Meleshko T, Kopyshev A, Santer S, Yakimansky A, Filippov A. Self-Assembly of Molecular Brushes with Polyimide Backbone and Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Side Chains in Selective Solvents. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122922. [PMID: 33291503 PMCID: PMC7762168 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-component molecular brushes with a polyimide backbone and amphiphilic block copolymer side chains with different contents of the “inner” hydrophilic (poly(methacrylic acid)) and “outer” hydrophobic (poly(methyl methacrylate)) blocks were synthesized and characterized by molecular hydrodynamics and optics methods in solutions of chloroform, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran and ethanol. The peculiarity of the studied polymers is the amphiphilic structure of the grafted chains. The molar masses of the molecular brushes were determined by static and dynamic light scattering in chloroform in which polymers form molecularly disperse solutions. Spontaneous self-assembly of macromolecules was detected in dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran and ethanol. The aggregates size depended on the thermodynamic quality of the solvent as well as on the macromolecular architectural parameters. In dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran, the distribution of hydrodynamic radii of aggregates was bimodal, while in ethanol, it was unimodal. Moreover, in ethanol, an increase in the poly(methyl methacrylate) content caused a decrease in the hydrodynamic radius of aggregates. A significant difference in the nature of the blocks included in the brushes determines the selectivity of the used solvents, since their thermodynamic quality with respect to the blocks is different. The macromolecules of the studied graft copolymers tend to self-organization in selective solvents with formation of a core–shell structure with an insoluble solvophobic core surrounded by the solvophilic shell of side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Simonova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Pr. 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.); (T.M.); (A.Y.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-812-328-4102
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Pr. 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.); (T.M.); (A.Y.); (A.F.)
| | - Tamara Meleshko
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Pr. 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.); (T.M.); (A.Y.); (A.F.)
| | - Alexey Kopyshev
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (A.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Svetlana Santer
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (A.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Alexander Yakimansky
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Pr. 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.); (T.M.); (A.Y.); (A.F.)
| | - Alexander Filippov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Pr. 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.); (T.M.); (A.Y.); (A.F.)
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91
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Chen ZH, Ma Y, Wang XY, Sun XL, Li JF, Zhu BH, Tang Y. Winning Strategy for Iron-Based ATRP Using In Situ Generated Iodine as a Regulator. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ben-Hu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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Zeng H, Stewart-Yates L, Casey LM, Bampos N, Roberts DA. Covalent Post-Assembly Modification: A Synthetic Multipurpose Tool in Supramolecular Chemistry. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1249-1269. [PMID: 32529789 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The use of covalent post-assembly modification (PAM) in supramolecular chemistry has grown significantly in recent years, to the point where PAM is now a versatile synthesis tool for tuning, modulating, and expanding the functionality of self-assembled complexes and materials. PAM underpins supramolecular template-synthesis strategies, enables modular derivatization of supramolecular assemblies, permits the covalent 'locking' of unstable structures, and can trigger controlled structural transformations between different assembled morphologies. This Review discusses key examples of PAM spanning a range of material classes, including discrete supramolecular complexes, self-assembled soft nanostructures and hierarchically ordered polymeric and framework materials. As such, we hope to highlight how PAM has continued to evolve as a creative and functional addition to the synthetic chemist's toolbox for constructing bespoke self-assembled complexes and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Key Center for Polymers and Colloids, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Luke Stewart-Yates
- School of Chemistry and Key Center for Polymers and Colloids, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Louis M Casey
- School of Chemistry and Key Center for Polymers and Colloids, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nick Bampos
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Derrick A Roberts
- School of Chemistry and Key Center for Polymers and Colloids, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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93
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Clemons TD, Stupp SI. Design of materials with supramolecular polymers. Prog Polym Sci 2020; 111:101310. [PMID: 33082608 PMCID: PMC7560124 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One hundred years ago Hermann Staudinger was strongly criticized by his scientific peers for his macromolecular hypothesis, but today it is hard to imagine a world without polymers. His hypothesis described polymers as macromolecules composed of large numbers of structural units connected by covalent bonds. In the 1990s the concept of supramolecular polymers emerged in the scientific literature as discrete entities of large molar mass comparable to that of classical polymers but built through non-covalent bonds among monomers. Supramolecular polymers exist in biological systems, and potentially blend the physical properties of covalent polymers with unique features such as high degrees of internal order within the polymeric structure, defined shapes, and novel dynamics. This trend article provides a summary of seminal contributions in supramolecular polymerization and provides recent examples from the Stupp laboratory to demonstrate the potential applications of an exciting class of materials composed fully or partially of supramolecular polymers. In closing, we provide our perspective on future opportunities provided by this field at the onset of a second century of polymers. It is our objective here to demonstrate that this second century could be as prosperous, if not more so, than the preceding one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan D Clemons
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. 60611 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. 60611 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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94
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Low ZWK, Li Z, Owh C, Chee PL, Ye E, Dan K, Chan SY, Young DJ, Loh XJ. Recent innovations in artificial skin. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:776-797. [PMID: 31820749 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01445d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The skin is a "smart", multifunctional organ that is protective, self-healing and capable of sensing and many forms of artificial skins have been developed with properties and functionalities approximating those of natural skin. Starting from specific commercial products for the treatment of burns, progress in two fields of research has since allowed these remarkable materials to be viable skin replacements for a wide range of dermatological conditions. This review maps out the development of bioengineered skin replacements and synthetic skin substitutes, including electronic skins. The specific behaviors of these skins are highlighted, and the performances of both types of artificial skins are evaluated against this. Moving beyond mere replication, highly advanced artificial skin materials are also identified as potential augmented skins that can be used as flexible electronics for health-care monitoring and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wei Kenny Low
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 2Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634.
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95
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Harn YW, He Y, Wang Z, Chen Y, Liang S, Li Z, Li Q, Zhu L, Lin Z. Synthesis of Amphiphilic and Double Hydrophilic Star-like Block Copolymers and the Dual pH-Responsiveness of Unimolecular Micelle. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeu-Wei Harn
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yanjie He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Zewei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yihuang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Shuang Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Zili Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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96
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El Achi N, Bakkour Y, Adhami W, Molina J, Penhoat M, Azaroual N, Chausset-Boissarie L, Rolando C. Metal-Free ATRP Catalyzed by Visible Light in Continuous Flow. Front Chem 2020; 8:740. [PMID: 33102428 PMCID: PMC7505802 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ATRP of methyl methacrylate catalyzed by Eosin Y, an inexpensive and an environmental benign dye, was performed in a continuous flow reactor made of FEP tubing and irradiated by visible light green LEDs. The reaction under flow conditions was significantly more rapid and controlled compared to that in batch giving 90% of polymerization after only 3 h of irradiation. The formed polymers in flow have M n measured by GPC and DOSY NMR in accordance with the theoretical values and show low dispersities (Ð < 1.5). The livingness of the polymers has been confirmed by LED on and LED off experiments and by the synthesis of block copolymers. The protocol described herein serves as a "proof of concept" of using Eosin Y as a photocatalyst for controlled polymerization and of using 1D and 2D NMR for polymer characterization. The protocol could be replicated in the future for other reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassim El Achi
- MSAP ‘Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique’, Université de Lille, USR CNRS 3290, Lille, France
| | - Youssef Bakkour
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences III, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Wissal Adhami
- MSAP ‘Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique’, Université de Lille, USR CNRS 3290, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences III, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Julien Molina
- MSAP ‘Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique’, Université de Lille, USR CNRS 3290, Lille, France
| | - Maël Penhoat
- MSAP ‘Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique’, Université de Lille, USR CNRS 3290, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Azaroual
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Application RMN, GRITA ‘Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées’, Université de Lille, EA 7365, Lille, France
| | - Laëtitia Chausset-Boissarie
- MSAP ‘Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique’, Université de Lille, USR CNRS 3290, Lille, France
| | - Christian Rolando
- MSAP ‘Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique’, Université de Lille, USR CNRS 3290, Lille, France
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97
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Yang J, Wang R, Xie D. Self-organization in suspensions of telechelic star polymers. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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98
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Sun Z, Unruean P, Aoki H, Kitiyanan B, Nomura K. Phenoxide-Modified Half-Titanocenes Supported on Star-Shaped ROMP Polymers as Catalyst Precursors for Ethylene Copolymerization. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Palawat Unruean
- The Petroleum and Petrochemicals College, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hirotaka Aoki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Boonyarach Kitiyanan
- The Petroleum and Petrochemicals College, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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99
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Wong JC, Xiang L, Ngoi KH, Chia CH, Jin KS, Hirao A, Ree M. Seventeen-Armed Star Polystyrenes in Various Molecular Weights: Structural Details and Chain Characteristics. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1894. [PMID: 32842480 PMCID: PMC7563263 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Star-shaped polymers are very attractive because of their potential application ability in various technological areas due to their unique molecular topology. Thus, information on the molecular structure and chain characteristics of star polymers is essential for gaining insights into their properties and finding better applications. In this study, we report molecular structure details and chain characteristics of 17-armed polystyrenes in various molecular weights: 17-Arm(2k)-PS, 17-Arm(6k)-PS, 17-Arm(10k)-PS, and 17-Arm(20k)-PS. Quantitative X-ray scattering analysis using synchrotron radiation sources was conducted for this series of star polymers in two different solvents (cyclohexane and tetrahydrofuran), providing a comprehensive set of three-dimensional structure parameters, including radial density profiles and chain characteristics. Some of the structural parameters were crosschecked by qualitative scattering analysis and dynamic light scattering. They all were found to have ellipsoidal shapes consisting of a core and a fuzzy shell; such ellipse nature is originated from the dendritic core. In particular, the fraction of the fuzzy shell part enabling to store desired chemicals or agents was confirmed to be exceptionally high in cyclohexane, ranging from 74 to 81%; higher-molecular-weight star polymer gives a larger fraction of the fuzzy shell. The largest fraction (81%) of the fuzzy shell was significantly reduced to 52% in tetrahydrofuran; in contrast, the lowest fraction (19%) of core was increased to 48%. These selective shell contraction and core expansion can be useful as a key mechanism in various applications. Overall, the 17-armed polystyrenes of this study are suitable for applications in various technological fields including smart deliveries of drugs, genes, biomedical imaging agents, and other desired chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chyi Wong
- Materials Science Program, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.W.); (K.H.N.)
- Department of Chemistry and Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Chemistry and Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Kuan Hoon Ngoi
- Materials Science Program, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.W.); (K.H.N.)
- Department of Chemistry and Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Chin Hua Chia
- Materials Science Program, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.C.W.); (K.H.N.)
| | - Kyeong Sik Jin
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Akira Hirao
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-S1-13, Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Moonhor Ree
- Department of Chemistry and Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea;
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100
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Flejszar M, Chmielarz P, Wolski K, Grześ G, Zapotoczny S. Polymer Brushes via Surface-Initiated Electrochemically Mediated ATRP: Role of a Sacrificial Initiator in Polymerization of Acrylates on Silicon Substrates. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13163559. [PMID: 32806681 PMCID: PMC7475859 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Silicon wafers as semiconductors are essential components of integrated circuits in electronic devices. For this reason, modification of the silicon surface is an important factor in the manufacturing of new hybrid materials applied in micro- and nanoelectronics. Herein, copolymer brushes of hydrophilic poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) and hydrophobic poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) were grafted from silicon wafers via simplified electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (seATRP) according to a surface-initiated approach. The syntheses of PHEA-b-PtBA copolymers were carried out with diminished catalytic complex concentration (successively 25 and 6 ppm of Cu). In order to optimize the reaction condition, the effect of the addition of a supporting electrolyte was investigated. A controlled increase in PHEA brush thickness was confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Various other parameters including contact angles and free surface energy (FSE) for the modified silicon wafer were presented. Furthermore, the effect of the presence of a sacrificial initiator in solution on the thickness of the grafted brushes was reported. Successfully fabricated inorganic–organic hybrid nanomaterials show potential application in biomedicine and microelectronics devices, e.g., biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Flejszar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-17-865-1809
| | - Karol Wolski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (K.W.); (G.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Gabriela Grześ
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (K.W.); (G.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (K.W.); (G.G.); (S.Z.)
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