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Samuel SM, Varghese E, Koklesová L, Líšková A, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Counteracting Chemoresistance with Metformin in Breast Cancers: Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2482. [PMID: 32883003 PMCID: PMC7565921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the leaps and bounds in achieving success in the management and treatment of breast cancers through surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, breast cancer remains the most frequently occurring cancer in women and the most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Systemic therapeutic approaches, such as chemotherapy, although beneficial in treating and curing breast cancer subjects with localized breast tumors, tend to fail in metastatic cases of the disease due to (a) an acquired resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug and (b) the development of intrinsic resistance to therapy. The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) plays a crucial role in both acquired and intrinsic chemoresistance. CSCs are less abundant than terminally differentiated cancer cells and confer chemoresistance through a unique altered metabolism and capability to evade the immune response system. Furthermore, CSCs possess active DNA repair systems, transporters that support multidrug resistance (MDR), advanced detoxification processes, and the ability to self-renew and differentiate into tumor progenitor cells, thereby supporting cancer invasion, metastasis, and recurrence/relapse. Hence, current research is focusing on targeting CSCs to overcome resistance and improve the efficacy of the treatment and management of breast cancer. Studies revealed that metformin (1, 1-dimethylbiguanide), a widely used anti-hyperglycemic agent, sensitizes tumor response to various chemotherapeutic drugs. Metformin selectively targets CSCs and improves the hypoxic microenvironment, suppresses the tumor metastasis and inflammation, as well as regulates the metabolic programming, induces apoptosis, and reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and MDR. Here, we discuss cancer (breast cancer) and chemoresistance, the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance in breast cancers, and metformin as a chemo-sensitizing/re-sensitizing agent, with a particular focus on breast CSCs as a critical contributing factor to acquired and intrinsic chemoresistance. The review outlines the prospects and directions for a better understanding and re-purposing of metformin as an anti-cancer/chemo-sensitizing drug in the treatment of breast cancer. It intends to provide a rationale for the use of metformin as a combinatory therapy in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| | - Lenka Koklesová
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.)
| | - Alena Líšková
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
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Dhimolea E, de Matos Simoes R, Kansara D, Weng X, Sharma S, Awate P, Liu Z, Gao D, Mitsiades N, Schwab JH, Chen Y, Jeselsohn R, Culhane AC, Brown M, Georgakoudi I, Mitsiades CS. Pleiotropic Mechanisms Drive Endocrine Resistance in the Three-Dimensional Bone Microenvironment. Cancer Res 2020; 81:371-383. [PMID: 32859606 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although hormonal therapy (HT) inhibits the growth of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast and prostate cancers, HT resistance frequently develops within the complex metastatic microenvironment of the host organ (often the bone), a setting poorly recapitulated in 2D culture systems. To address this limitation, we cultured HR+ breast cancer and prostate cancer spheroids and patient-derived organoids in 3D extracellular matrices (ECM) alone or together with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). In 3D monocultures, antiestrogens and antiandrogens induced anoikis by abrogating anchorage-independent growth of HR+ cancer cells but exhibited only modest effects against tumor cells residing in the ECM niche. In contrast, BMSC induced hormone-independent growth of breast cancer and prostate cancer spheroids and restored lumen filling in the presence of HR-targeting agents. Molecular and functional characterization of BMSC-induced hormone independence and HT resistance in anchorage-independent cells revealed distinct context-dependent mechanisms. Cocultures of ZR75-1 and LNCaP with BMSCs exhibited paracrine IL6-induced HT resistance via attenuation of HR protein expression, which was reversed by inhibition of IL6 or JAK signaling. Paracrine IL6/JAK/STAT3-mediated HT resistance was confirmed in patient-derived organoids cocultured with BMSCs. Distinctly, MCF7 and T47D spheroids retained ER protein expression in cocultures but acquired redundant compensatory signals enabling anchorage independence via ERK and PI3K bypass cascades activated in a non-IL6-dependent manner. Collectively, these data characterize the pleiotropic hormone-independent mechanisms underlying acquisition and restoration of anchorage-independent growth in HR+ tumors. Combined analysis of tumor and microenvironmental biomarkers in metastatic biopsies of HT-resistant patients can help refine treatment approaches. SIGNIFICANCE: This study uncovers a previously underappreciated dependency of tumor cells on HR signaling for anchorage-independent growth and highlights how the metastatic microenvironment restores this malignant property of cancer cells during hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Dhimolea
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ricardo de Matos Simoes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dhvanir Kansara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiang Weng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pallavi Awate
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Dong Gao
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
| | | | - Joseph H Schwab
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu Chen
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
| | - Rinath Jeselsohn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aedín C Culhane
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Constantine S Mitsiades
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Walcher L, Kistenmacher AK, Suo H, Kitte R, Dluczek S, Strauß A, Blaudszun AR, Yevsa T, Fricke S, Kossatz-Boehlert U. Cancer Stem Cells-Origins and Biomarkers: Perspectives for Targeted Personalized Therapies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1280. [PMID: 32849491 PMCID: PMC7426526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis has gained increasing interest over the last decades. In particular, the analysis of biomarkers in cancer patients within the pre- and post-therapeutic period is required to identify several types of cells, which carry a risk for a disease progression and subsequent post-therapeutic relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that can drive tumor initiation and can cause relapses. At the time point of tumor initiation, CSCs originate from either differentiated cells or adult tissue resident stem cells. Due to their importance, several biomarkers that characterize CSCs have been identified and correlated to diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. However, CSCs have been shown to display a high plasticity, which changes their phenotypic and functional appearance. Such changes are induced by chemo- and radiotherapeutics as well as senescent tumor cells, which cause alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Induction of senescence causes tumor shrinkage by modulating an anti-tumorigenic environment in which tumor cells undergo growth arrest and immune cells are attracted. Besides these positive effects after therapy, senescence can also have negative effects displayed post-therapeutically. These unfavorable effects can directly promote cancer stemness by increasing CSC plasticity phenotypes, by activating stemness pathways in non-CSCs, as well as by promoting senescence escape and subsequent activation of stemness pathways. At the end, all these effects can lead to tumor relapse and metastasis. This review provides an overview of the most frequently used CSC markers and their implementation as biomarkers by focussing on deadliest solid (lung, stomach, liver, breast and colorectal cancers) and hematological (acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia) cancers. Furthermore, it gives examples on how the CSC markers might be influenced by therapeutics, such as chemo- and radiotherapy, and the tumor microenvironment. It points out, that it is crucial to identify and monitor residual CSCs, senescent tumor cells, and the pro-tumorigenic senescence-associated secretory phenotype in a therapy follow-up using specific biomarkers. As a future perspective, a targeted immune-mediated strategy using chimeric antigen receptor based approaches for the removal of remaining chemotherapy-resistant cells as well as CSCs in a personalized therapeutic approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Walcher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Kistenmacher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Huizhen Suo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reni Kitte
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Dluczek
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Strauß
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - André-René Blaudszun
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tetyana Yevsa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Kossatz-Boehlert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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Liubomirski Y, Ben-Baruch A. Notch-Inflammation Networks in Regulation of Breast Cancer Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071576. [PMID: 32605277 PMCID: PMC7407628 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Notch family and chronic inflammation were each separately demonstrated to have prominent malignancy-supporting roles in breast cancer. Recent investigations indicate that bi-directional interactions that exist between these two pathways promote the malignancy phenotype of breast tumor cells and of their tumor microenvironment. In this review article, we demonstrate the importance of Notch-inflammation interplays in malignancy by describing three key networks that act in breast cancer and their impacts on functions that contribute to disease progression: (1) Cross-talks of the Notch pathway with myeloid cells that are important players in cancer-related inflammation, focusing mainly on macrophages; (2) Cross-talks of the Notch pathway with pro-inflammatory factors, exemplified mainly by Notch interactions with interleukin 6 and its downstream pathways (STAT3); (3) Cross-talks of the Notch pathway with typical inflammatory transcription factors, primarily NF-κB. These three networks enhance tumor-promoting functions in different breast tumor subtypes and act in reciprocal manners, whereby Notch family members activate inflammatory elements and vice versa. These characteristics illustrate the fundamental roles played by Notch-inflammation interactions in elevating breast cancer progression and propose that joint targeting of both pathways together may provide more effective and less toxic treatment approaches in this disease.
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55
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Bai JW, Wei M, Li JW, Zhang GJ. Notch Signaling Pathway and Endocrine Resistance in Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:924. [PMID: 32636747 PMCID: PMC7318302 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 70% of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor (ER) and are hormone-dependent for cell proliferation and survival. Anti-estrogen therapies with aromatase inhibitors (AIs), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) or selective estrogen receptor down regulators (SERDs) are the standard endocrine therapy approach for ER positive breast cancer patients. However, about 30% of patients receiving endocrine therapy will progress during the therapy or become endocrine resistance eventually. The intrinsic or acquired endocrine resistance has become a major obstacle for endocrine therapy. The mechanism of endocrine resistance is very complicated and recently emerging evidence indicates dysregulation of Notch signaling pathway contributes to endocrine resistance in breast cancer patients. The potential mechanisms include regulation of ER, promotion of cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype and mesenchymal cell ratio, alteration of the local tumor microenvironment and cell cycle. This review will summarize the latest progress on the investigation of Notch signaling pathway in breast cancer endocrine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Bai
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Min Wei
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ji-Wei Li
- Clinical Central Research Core, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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56
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Barchiesi G, Mazzotta M, Krasniqi E, Pizzuti L, Marinelli D, Capomolla E, Sergi D, Amodio A, Natoli C, Gamucci T, Vizza E, Marchetti P, Botti C, Sanguineti G, Ciliberto G, Barba M, Vici P. Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3528. [PMID: 32429381 PMCID: PMC7278946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In locally advanced (LA) breast cancer (BC), neoadjuvant treatments have led to major achievements, which hold particular relevance in HER2-positive and triple-negative BC. Conversely, their role in hormone receptor positive (HR+), hormone epidermal growth factor 2 negative (HER2-) BC is still under debate, mainly due to the generally low rates of pathological complete response (pCR) and lower accuracy of pCR as predictors of long-term outcomes in this patient subset. While administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in LA, HR+, HER2- BC patients is widely used in clinical practice, neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) still retains an unfulfilled potential in the management of these subgroups, particularly in elderly and unfit patients. In addition, NET has gained a central role as a platform to test new drugs and predictive biomarkers in previously untreated patients. We herein present historical data regarding Tamoxifen and/or Aromatase Inhibitors and a debate on recent evidence regarding agents such as CDK4/6 and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in the neoadjuvant setting. We also discuss key issues concerning the optimal treatment length, appropriate comparisons with NCT efficacy and use of NET in premenopausal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Mazzotta
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.K.); (L.P.); (E.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (P.V.)
| | - Eriseld Krasniqi
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.K.); (L.P.); (E.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (P.V.)
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.K.); (L.P.); (E.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (P.V.)
| | - Daniele Marinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University; Medical Oncology Unit, 00189 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Capomolla
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.K.); (L.P.); (E.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (P.V.)
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.K.); (L.P.); (E.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (P.V.)
| | - Antonella Amodio
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.K.); (L.P.); (E.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (P.V.)
| | - Clara Natoli
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy;
| | - Teresa Gamucci
- Medical Oncology, Sandro Pertini Hospital, 00157 Rome, Italy;
| | - Enrico Vizza
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Gynecologic Oncologic Unit, “Regina Elena” National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University; Medical Oncology Unit, 00189 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (P.M.)
- Medical Oncology Unit B, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Botti
- Department of Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Sanguineti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maddalena Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.K.); (L.P.); (E.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (P.V.)
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.K.); (L.P.); (E.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (P.V.)
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Hanker AB, Sudhan DR, Arteaga CL. Overcoming Endocrine Resistance in Breast Cancer. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:496-513. [PMID: 32289273 PMCID: PMC7169993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is the most common breast cancer subtype. Treatment of ER+ breast cancer comprises interventions that suppress estrogen production and/or target the ER directly (overall labeled as endocrine therapy). While endocrine therapy has considerably reduced recurrence and mortality from breast cancer, de novo and acquired resistance to this treatment remains a major challenge. An increasing number of mechanisms of endocrine resistance have been reported, including somatic alterations, epigenetic changes, and changes in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we review recent advances in delineating mechanisms of resistance to endocrine therapies and potential strategies to overcome such resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariella B Hanker
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Dhivya R Sudhan
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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58
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Tumor Milieu Controlled by RB Tumor Suppressor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072450. [PMID: 32244804 PMCID: PMC7177274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The RB gene is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancers. Canonically, RB exerts its tumor suppressive activity through the regulation of the G1/S transition during cell cycle progression by modulating the activity of E2F transcription factors. However, aberration of the RB gene is most commonly detected in tumors when they gain more aggressive phenotypes, including metastatic activity or drug resistance, rather than accelerated proliferation. This implicates RB controls' malignant progression to a considerable extent in a cell cycle-independent manner. In this review, we highlight the multifaceted functions of the RB protein in controlling tumor lineage plasticity, metabolism, and the tumor microenvironment (TME), with a focus on the mechanism whereby RB controls the TME. In brief, RB inactivation in several types of cancer cells enhances production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including CCL2, through upregulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These factors not only accelerate the growth of cancer cells in a cell-autonomous manner, but also stimulate non-malignant cells in the TME to generate a pro-tumorigenic niche in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Here, we discuss the biological and pathological significance of the non-cell-autonomous functions of RB and attempt to predict their potential clinical relevance to cancer immunotherapy.
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59
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Wang W, Sun Y, Li X, Shi X, Li Z, Lu X. Dihydroartemisinin Prevents Distant Metastasis of Laryngeal Carcinoma by Inactivating STAT3 in Cancer Stem Cells. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922348. [PMID: 32176678 PMCID: PMC7101200 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence indicates that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a minor subpopulation of cancer cells that may be the primary source of cancer invasion, migration, and widespread metastasis. Material/Methods We investigated the effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on distant metastasis of laryngeal carcinoma and the relevant mechanism. In vitro, we used the Hep-2 human laryngeal squamous carcinoma cell line (Hep-2 cells) to assemble CSCs, using CD133 as the cell surface marker. Our data demonstrate that the CD133+ subpopulation of Hep-2 cells has greater invasion and migration capabilities than CD133− cells. We also evaluated the effects of DHA, a newly defined STAT3 inhibitor, on the invasion and migration of CD133+ Hep-2 cells under hypoxia and IL-6 stimulation, both of which can activate STAT3 phosphorylation. Results CSCs exhibited a significant decrease in the ability of migration and invasion upon the application of DHA, along with simultaneous alterations in related proteins, both in cultured cells and in xenograft tumors. The associated signaling proteins included phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and E-cadherin, which are closely involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. In vivo, we found that DHA can reduce lung metastasis formation caused by CSCs and prolong survival in mice, and can inhibit STAT3 activation, downregulate MMP-9, and upregulate E-cadherin in lung metastatic tumors. Conclusions Taken together, our findings indicate that CSCs possess stronger invasive and metastatic capabilities than non-CSCs, and DHA inhibits invasion and prevents metastasis induced by CSCs by inhibiting STAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Yajing Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xinli Shi
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiuying Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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60
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Aminzadeh-Gohari S, Weber DD, Vidali S, Catalano L, Kofler B, Feichtinger RG. From old to new - Repurposing drugs to target mitochondrial energy metabolism in cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 98:211-223. [PMID: 31145995 PMCID: PMC7613924 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although we have entered the era of personalized medicine and tailored therapies, drugs that target a large variety of cancers regardless of individual patient differences would be a major advance nonetheless. This review article summarizes current concepts and therapeutic opportunities in the area of targeting aerobic mitochondrial energy metabolism in cancer. Old drugs previously used for diseases other than cancer, such as antibiotics and antidiabetics, have the potential to inhibit the growth of various tumor entities. Many drugs are reported to influence mitochondrial metabolism. However, here we consider only those drugs which predominantly inhibit oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Aminzadeh-Gohari
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela D. Weber
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Silvia Vidali
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Catalano
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Corresponding author at: Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner-Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria. (B. Kofler)
| | - René G. Feichtinger
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Ilhan M, Kucukkose C, Efe E, Gunyuz ZE, Firatligil B, Dogan H, Ozuysal M, Yalcin-Ozuysal O. Pro-metastatic functions of Notch signaling is mediated by CYR61 in breast cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151070. [PMID: 32005345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer related deaths, and unfolding the molecular mechanisms underlying metastatic progression is critical for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Notch is one of the key signaling pathways involved in breast tumorigenesis and metastasis. Notch activation induces pro-metastatic processes such as migration, invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, molecular mediators working downstream of Notch in these processes are not fully elucidated. CYR61 is a secreted protein implicated in metastasis, and its inhibition by a monoclonal antibody suppresses metastasis in xenograft breast tumors, indicating the clinical importance of CYR61 targeting. Here, we aimed to investigate whether CYR61 works downstream of Notch in inducing pro-metastatic phenotypes in breast cells. We showed that CYR61 expression is positively regulated by Notch activity in breast cells. Notch1-induced migration, invasion and anchorage independent growth of a normal breast cell line, MCF10A, were abrogated by CYR61 silencing. Furthermore, upregulation of core EMT markers upon Notch1-activation was impaired in the absence of CYR61. However, reduced migration and invasion of highly metastatic cell line, MDA MB 231, cells upon Notch inhibition was not dependent on CYR61 downregulation. In conclusion, we showed that in normal breast cell line MCF10A, CYR61 is a mediator of Notch1-induced pro-metastatic phenotypes partly via induction of EMT. Our results imply CYR61 as a prominent therapeutic candidate for a subpopulation of breast tumors with high Notch activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ilhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cansu Kucukkose
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eda Efe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zehra Elif Gunyuz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Firatligil
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hulya Dogan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozuysal
- Department of Computer Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozden Yalcin-Ozuysal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey.
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62
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Leng Z, Li Y, Zhou G, Lv X, Ai W, Li J, Hou L. Krüppel-like factor 4 regulates stemness and mesenchymal properties of colorectal cancer stem cells through the TGF-β1/Smad/snail pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:1866-1877. [PMID: 31830379 PMCID: PMC6991673 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) was closely associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness in colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs)-enriched spheroid cells. Nonetheless, the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. This study showed that KLF4 overexpression was accompanied with stemness and mesenchymal features in Lgr5+ CD44+ EpCAM+ colorectal CSCs. KLF4 knockdown suppressed stemness, mesenchymal features and activation of the TGF-β1 pathway, whereas enforced KLF4 overexpression activated TGF-β1, phosphorylation of Smad 2/3 and Snail expression, and restored stemness and mesenchymal phenotypes. Furthermore, TGF-β1 pathway inhibition invalidated KLF4-facilitated stemness and mesenchymal features without affecting KLF4 expression. The data from the current study are the first to demonstrate that KLF4 maintains stemness and mesenchymal properties through the TGF-β1/Smad/Snail pathway in Lgr5+ CD44+ EpCAM+ colorectal CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Leng
- Northeast Sichuan Acute Pancreatic Research CenterNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
- Cancer Stem Cells Research CenterAffiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
| | - Yong Li
- Northeast Sichuan Acute Pancreatic Research CenterNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
| | - Guojun Zhou
- Northeast Sichuan Acute Pancreatic Research CenterNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
| | - Xiaojiang Lv
- Northeast Sichuan Acute Pancreatic Research CenterNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
| | - Walden Ai
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Health ScienceBenedict CollegeColumbiaSCUSA
| | - Jianshui Li
- Northeast Sichuan Acute Pancreatic Research CenterNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
| | - Lingmi Hou
- Northeast Sichuan Acute Pancreatic Research CenterNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
- Cancer Stem Cells Research CenterAffiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
- Thyriod and Breast SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
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63
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Salamanna F, Borsari V, Contartese D, Costa V, Giavaresi G, Fini M. What Is the Role of Interleukins in Breast Cancer Bone Metastases? A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122018. [PMID: 31847214 PMCID: PMC6966526 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells produce stimulators of bone resorption known as interleukins (ILs). However, data on the functional roles of ILs in the homing of metastatic breast cancer to bone are still fragmented. A systematic search was carried out in three databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection) to identify preclinical reports, and in three clinical registers (ClinicalTrials.gov, World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, European Union (EU) Clinical Trials Register) to identify clinical trials, from 2008 to 2019. Sixty-seven preclinical studies and 11 clinical trials were recognized as eligible. Although preclinical studies identified specific key ILs which promote breast cancer bone metastases, which have pro-metastatic effects (e.g., IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-11), and whose inhibition also shows potential preclinical therapeutic effects, the clinical trials focused principally on ILs (IL-2 and IL-12), which have an anti-metastatic effect and a potential to generate a localized and systemic antitumor response. However, these clinical trials are yet to post any results or conclusions. This inconsistency indicates that further studies are necessary to further develop the understanding of cellular and molecular relations, as well as signaling pathways, both up- and downstream of ILs, which could represent a novel strategy to treat tumors that are resistant to standard care therapies for patients affected by breast cancer bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Salamanna
- Laboratory Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.S.); (D.C.); (G.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Veronica Borsari
- Laboratory Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.S.); (D.C.); (G.G.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-6366-6558
| | - Deyanira Contartese
- Laboratory Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.S.); (D.C.); (G.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Viviana Costa
- Innovative Technological Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Laboratory Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.S.); (D.C.); (G.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.S.); (D.C.); (G.G.); (M.F.)
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64
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A "NOTCH" Deeper into the Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Program in Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10120961. [PMID: 31766724 PMCID: PMC6947643 DOI: 10.3390/genes10120961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is a primitive signaling pathway having various roles in the normal origin and development of each multicellular organisms. Therefore, any aberration in the pathway will inevitably lead to deadly outcomes such as cancer. It has now been more than two decades since Notch was acknowledged as an oncogene in mouse mammary tumor virus-infected mice. Since that discovery, activated Notch signaling and consequent up-regulation of tumor-promoting Notch target genes have been observed in human breast cancer. Moreover, consistent over-expression of Notch ligands and receptors has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis in human breast cancer. Notch regulates a number of key processes during breast carcinogenesis, of which, one key phenomenon is epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is a key process for large-scale cell movement during morphogenesis at the time of embryonic development. Cancer cells aided by transcription factors usurp this developmental program to execute the multi-step process of tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this review, we recapitulate recent progress in breast cancer research that has provided new perceptions into the molecular mechanisms behind Notch-mediated EMT regulation during breast tumorigenesis.
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65
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Mao X, Jin F. The Exosome And Breast Cancer Cell Plasticity. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9817-9825. [PMID: 31819481 PMCID: PMC6874230 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s214133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell plasticity is the ability of cancer cells to reversibly interchange between distinct cell status, which plays a key role in cancer progression. Cancer cell plasticity is now known to be shaped by the secreted nanoparticles termed exosomes which transport proteins and lipids as well as nucleic acids. These aspects have emerged as key determinants of tumor progression and targeting, with approaches such as immunotherapy showing promise in the clinic. While significant strides have been made in this research area, some very interesting questions still warrant more and deeper investigation. We provide a review of the interplay between exosomes and breast cancer cell plasticity, and the potential implication in metastases and drug-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Mao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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66
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Breast Cancer Stem Cells as Drivers of Tumor Chemoresistance, Dormancy and Relapse: New Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101569. [PMID: 31619007 PMCID: PMC6826533 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women worldwide. Therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat metastatic disease are still inadequate although great progress has been made in treating early-stage breast cancer. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) that are endowed with high plasticity and self-renewal properties have been shown to play a key role in breast cancer development, progression, and metastasis. A subpopulation of CSCs that combines tumor-initiating capacity and a dormant/quiescent/slow cycling status is present throughout the clinical history of breast cancer patients. Dormant/quiescent/slow cycling CSCs are a key component of tumor heterogeneity and they are responsible for chemoresistance, tumor migration, and metastatic dormancy, defined as the ability of CSCs to survive in target organs and generate metastasis up to two decades after diagnosis. Understanding the strategies that are used by CSCs to resist conventional and targeted therapies, to interact with their niche, to escape immune surveillance, and finally to awaken from dormancy is of key importance to prevent and treat metastatic cancer. This review summarizes the current understanding of mechanisms involved in CSCs chemoresistance, dissemination, and metastasis in breast cancer, with a particular focus on dormant cells. Finally, we discuss how advancements in the detection, molecular understanding, and targeting of dormant CSCs will likely open new therapeutic avenues for breast cancer treatment.
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67
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High-Dimensional Phenotyping Identifies Age-Emergent Cells in Human Mammary Epithelia. Cell Rep 2019; 23:1205-1219. [PMID: 29694896 PMCID: PMC5946804 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with tissue-level changes in cellular composition that are correlated with increased susceptibility to disease. Aging human mammary tissue shows skewed progenitor cell potency, resulting in diminished tumor-suppressive cell types and the accumulation of defective epithelial progenitors. Quantitative characterization of these age-emergent human cell subpopulations is lacking, impeding our understanding of the relationship between age and cancer susceptibility. We conducted single-cell resolution proteomic phenotyping of healthy breast epithelia from 57 women, aged 16–91 years, using mass cytometry. Remarkable heterogeneity was quantified within the two mammary epithelial lineages. Population partitioning identified a subset of aberrant basal-like luminal cells that accumulate with age and originate from age-altered progenitors. Quantification of age-emergent phenotypes enabled robust classification of breast tissues by age in healthy women. This high-resolution mapping highlighted specific epithelial subpopulations that change with age in a manner consistent with increased susceptibility to breast cancer. CyTOF analysis reveals human mammary epithelial heterogeneity with age Age-emergent luminal cells share phenotypes with candidate breast cancer cells of origin Classification models correctly assign tissue samples to their age group Age-related changes are conserved between mammary epithelial tissue and primary cells
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68
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Zhang Y, Xie ZY, Guo XT, Xiao XH, Xiong LX. Notch and breast cancer metastasis: Current knowledge, new sights and targeted therapy. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2743-2755. [PMID: 31452752 PMCID: PMC6704289 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of invasive cancer in females and metastasis is one of the major causes of breast cancer-associated mortality. Following detachment from the primary site, disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) enter the bloodstream and establish secondary colonies during the metastatic process. An increasing amount of studies have elucidated the importance of Notch signaling in breast cancer metastasis; therefore, the present review focuses on the mechanisms by which Notch contributes to the occurrence of breast cancer DTCs, increases their motility, establishes interactions with the tumor microenvironment, protects DTCs from host surveillance and finally facilitates secondary colonization. Identification of the underlying mechanisms of Notch-associated breast cancer metastasis will provide additional insights that may contribute towards the development of novel Notch-targeted therapeutic strategies, which may aid in reducing metastasis, culminating in an improved patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Yan Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xuan-Tong Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Xiao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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69
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Application value of CyTOF 2 mass cytometer technology at single-cell level in human gastric cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 384:111568. [PMID: 31446162 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are main adjuvant therapies for the treatment of gastric cancer, the treatment effects are individual difference, but the specific mechanism is unknown. CyTOF 2 mass cytometer (CyTOF) enables the detecting up to 135 parameters on single cell, the emergence of which is an opportunity for proteomics research. We first tried to apply CyTOF technique to gastric cancer cells. We verified applicability of CyTOF in gastric cancer cells, and analyzed the responses of seventeen proteins to chemoradiotherapy in human gastric cancer AGS cells. To analyze the high dimensional CyTOF data, we used two statistical and visualization tools including viSNE and Citrus. Two specific clusters were found which had differences in protein expression profiles. CyTOF technology is proved feasibility and value at single cell level of gastric cancer.
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70
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Papadakos KS, Bartoschek M, Rodriguez C, Gialeli C, Jin SB, Lendahl U, Pietras K, Blom AM. Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein initiates cancer stem cells through activation of Jagged1-Notch3 signaling. Matrix Biol 2019; 81:107-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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71
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Santiago-Gómez A, Kedward T, Simões BM, Dragoni I, NicAmhlaoibh R, Trivier E, Sabin V, Gee JM, Sims AH, Howell SJ, Clarke RB. PAK4 regulates stemness and progression in endocrine resistant ER-positive metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 458:66-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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72
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Sabol RA, Giacomelli P, Beighley A, Bunnell BA. Adipose Stem Cells and Cancer: Concise Review. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1261-1266. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.3050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Sabol
- Center for Stem Cell Research; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans Louisiana USA
| | - Paulina Giacomelli
- Center for Stem Cell Research; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans Louisiana USA
| | - Adam Beighley
- Center for Stem Cell Research; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans Louisiana USA
| | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans Louisiana USA
- Department of Pharmacology; Tulane University; New Orleans Louisiana USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine; Tulane National Primate Research Center; Covington Louisiana USA
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73
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Rodriguez D, Ramkairsingh M, Lin X, Kapoor A, Major P, Tang D. The Central Contributions of Breast Cancer Stem Cells in Developing Resistance to Endocrine Therapy in Estrogen Receptor (ER)-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11071028. [PMID: 31336602 PMCID: PMC6678134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) play critical roles in the acquisition of resistance to endocrine therapy in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (ER + ve) breast cancer (BC). The resistance results from complex alterations involving ER, growth factor receptors, NOTCH, Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog, YAP/TAZ, and the tumor microenvironment. These mechanisms are likely converged on regulating BCSCs, which then drive the development of endocrine therapy resistance. In this regard, hormone therapies enrich BCSCs in ER + ve BCs under both pre-clinical and clinical settings along with upregulation of the core components of “stemness” transcriptional factors including SOX2, NANOG, and OCT4. SOX2 initiates a set of reactions involving SOX9, Wnt, FXY3D, and Src tyrosine kinase; these reactions stimulate BCSCs and contribute to endocrine resistance. The central contributions of BCSCs to endocrine resistance regulated by complex mechanisms offer a unified strategy to counter the resistance. ER + ve BCs constitute approximately 75% of BCs to which hormone therapy is the major therapeutic approach. Likewise, resistance to endocrine therapy remains the major challenge in the management of patients with ER + ve BC. In this review we will discuss evidence supporting a central role of BCSCs in developing endocrine resistance and outline the strategy of targeting BCSCs to reduce hormone therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Marc Ramkairsingh
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Pierre Major
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8V 5C2, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
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74
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De Angelis ML, Francescangeli F, La Torre F, Zeuner A. Stem Cell Plasticity and Dormancy in the Development of Cancer Therapy Resistance. Front Oncol 2019; 9:626. [PMID: 31355143 PMCID: PMC6636659 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment with either standard chemotherapy or targeted agents often results in the emergence of drug-refractory cell populations, ultimately leading to therapy failure. The biological features of drug resistant cells are largely overlapping with those of cancer stem cells and include heterogeneity, plasticity, self-renewal ability, and tumor-initiating capacity. Moreover, drug resistance is usually characterized by a suppression of proliferation that can manifest as quiescence, dormancy, senescence, or proliferative slowdown. Alterations in key cellular pathways such as autophagy, unfolded protein response or redox signaling, as well as metabolic adaptations also contribute to the establishment of drug resistance, thus representing attractive therapeutic targets. Moreover, a complex interplay of drug resistant cells with the micro/macroenvironment and with the immune system plays a key role in dictating and maintaining the resistant phenotype. Recent studies have challenged traditional views of cancer drug resistance providing innovative perspectives, establishing new connections between drug resistant cells and their environment and indicating unexpected therapeutic strategies. In this review we discuss recent advancements in understanding the mechanisms underlying drug resistance and we report novel targeting agents able to overcome the drug resistant status, with particular focus on strategies directed against dormant cells. Research on drug resistant cancer cells will take us one step forward toward the development of novel treatment approaches and the improvement of relapse-free survival in solid and hematological cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura De Angelis
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Filippo La Torre
- Department of Surgical Sciences Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ann Zeuner
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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75
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Kettner NM, Vijayaraghavan S, Durak MG, Bui T, Kohansal M, Ha MJ, Liu B, Rao X, Wang J, Yi M, Carey JPW, Chen X, Eckols TK, Raghavendra AS, Ibrahim NK, Karuturi MS, Watowich SS, Sahin A, Tweardy DJ, Hunt KK, Tripathy D, Keyomarsi K. Combined Inhibition of STAT3 and DNA Repair in Palbociclib-Resistant ER-Positive Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3996-4013. [PMID: 30867218 PMCID: PMC6606366 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are currently used in combination with endocrine therapy to treat advanced hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. Although this treatment doubles time to progression compared with endocrine therapy alone, about 25%-35% of patients do not respond, and almost all patients eventually acquire resistance. Discerning the mechanisms of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition is crucial in devising alternative treatment strategies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Palbociclib-resistant cells (MCF-7 and T47D) were generated in a step-wise dose-escalading fashion. Whole-exome sequencing, genome-wide expression analysis, and proteomic analysis were performed in both resistant and parental (sensitive) cells. Pathway alteration was assessed mechanistically and pharmacologically. Biomarkers of altered pathways were examined in tumor samples from patients with palbociclib-treated breast cancer whose disease progressed while on treatment. RESULTS Palbociclib-resistant cells are cross-resistant to other CDK4/6 inhibitors and are also resistant to endocrine therapy (estrogen receptor downregulation). IL6/STAT3 pathway is induced, whereas DNA repair and estrogen receptor pathways are downregulated in the resistant cells. Combined inhibition of STAT3 and PARP significantly increased cell death in the resistant cells. Matched tumor samples from patients with breast cancer who progressed on palbociclib were examined for deregulation of estrogen receptor, DNA repair, and IL6/STAT3 signaling, and results revealed that these pathways are all altered as compared with the pretreatment tumor samples. CONCLUSIONS Palbociclib resistance induces endocrine resistance, estrogen receptor downregulation, and alteration of IL6/STAT3 and DNA damage response pathways in cell lines and patient samples. Targeting IL6/STAT3 activity and DNA repair deficiency using a specific STAT3 inhibitor combined with a PARP inhibitor could effectively treat acquired resistance to palbociclib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Kettner
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Smruthi Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Merih Guray Durak
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tuyen Bui
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mehrnoosh Kohansal
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Min Jin Ha
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiayu Rao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Min Yi
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason P W Carey
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - T Kris Eckols
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Akshara S Raghavendra
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nuhad K Ibrahim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Meghan Sri Karuturi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephanie S Watowich
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aysegul Sahin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David J Tweardy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kelly K Hunt
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Debu Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Khandan Keyomarsi
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Morotti M, Bridges E, Valli A, Choudhry H, Sheldon H, Wigfield S, Gray N, Zois CE, Grimm F, Jones D, Teoh EJ, Cheng WC, Lord S, Anastasiou D, Haider S, McIntyre A, Goberdhan DCI, Buffa F, Harris AL. Hypoxia-induced switch in SNAT2/SLC38A2 regulation generates endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12452-12461. [PMID: 31152137 PMCID: PMC6589752 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818521116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is associated with poor patient outcomes in estrogen receptor-α-positive (ERα+) breast cancer. Hypoxia is known to affect tumor growth by reprogramming metabolism and regulating amino acid (AA) uptake. Here, we show that the glutamine transporter, SNAT2, is the AA transporter most frequently induced by hypoxia in breast cancer, and is regulated by hypoxia both in vitro and in vivo in xenografts. SNAT2 induction in MCF7 cells was also regulated by ERα, but it became predominantly a hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-dependent gene under hypoxia. Relevant to this, binding sites for both HIF-1α and ERα overlap in SNAT2's cis-regulatory elements. In addition, the down-regulation of SNAT2 by the ER antagonist fulvestrant was reverted in hypoxia. Overexpression of SNAT2 in vitro to recapitulate the levels induced by hypoxia caused enhanced growth, particularly after ERα inhibition, in hypoxia, or when glutamine levels were low. SNAT2 up-regulation in vivo caused complete resistance to antiestrogen and, partially, anti-VEGF therapies. Finally, high SNAT2 expression levels correlated with hypoxia profiles and worse outcome in patients given antiestrogen therapies. Our findings show a switch in the regulation of SNAT2 between ERα and HIF-1α, leading to endocrine resistance in hypoxia. Development of drugs targeting SNAT2 may be of value for a subset of hormone-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Morotti
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom;
| | - Esther Bridges
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Valli
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah F6VM+J2, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helen Sheldon
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Wigfield
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Nicki Gray
- Computational Biology Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Christos E Zois
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Grimm
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1ST, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan Jones
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene J Teoh
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Chen Cheng
- Computational Biology and Integrative Genomics, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Lord
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Anastasiou
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1ST, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Haider
- Computational Biology and Integrative Genomics, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Alan McIntyre
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah C I Goberdhan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Buffa
- Computational Biology and Integrative Genomics, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom;
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77
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Jagust P, de Luxán-Delgado B, Parejo-Alonso B, Sancho P. Metabolism-Based Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:203. [PMID: 30967773 PMCID: PMC6438930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer heterogeneity constitutes the major source of disease progression and therapy failure. Tumors comprise functionally diverse subpopulations, with cancer stem cells (CSCs) as the source of this heterogeneity. Since these cells bear in vivo tumorigenicity and metastatic potential, survive chemotherapy and drive relapse, its elimination may be the only way to achieve long-term survival in patients. Thanks to the great advances in the field over the last few years, we know now that cellular metabolism and stemness are highly intertwined in normal development and cancer. Indeed, CSCs show distinct metabolic features as compared with their more differentiated progenies, though their dominant metabolic phenotype varies across tumor entities, patients and even subclones within a tumor. Following initial works focused on glucose metabolism, current studies have unveiled particularities of CSC metabolism in terms of redox state, lipid metabolism and use of alternative fuels, such as amino acids or ketone bodies. In this review, we describe the different metabolic phenotypes attributed to CSCs with special focus on metabolism-based therapeutic strategies tested in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Jagust
- Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer and Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz de Luxán-Delgado
- Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer and Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Parejo-Alonso
- Traslational Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Patricia Sancho
- Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer and Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Traslational Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
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78
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Colombo M, Platonova N, Giannandrea D, Palano MT, Basile A, Chiaramonte R. Re-establishing Apoptosis Competence in Bone Associated Cancers via Communicative Reprogramming Induced Through Notch Signaling Inhibition. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:145. [PMID: 30873026 PMCID: PMC6400837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch and its ligands on adjacent cells are key mediators of cellular communication during developmental choice in embryonic and adult tissues. This communication is frequently altered in the pathological interaction between cancer cells and healthy cells of the microenvironment due to the aberrant expression of tumor derived Notch receptors or ligands, that results in homotypic or heterotypic Notch signaling activation in tumor cells or surrounding stromal cells. A deadly consequence of this pathological communication is pharmacological resistance that results in patient's relapse. We will provide a survey of the role of Notch signaling in the bone marrow (BM), a microenvironment with a very high capacity to support several types of cancer, including primary cancers such as osteosarcoma or multiple myeloma and bone metastases from carcinomas. Moreover, in the BM niche several hematological malignancies maintain a reservoir of cancer stem cells, characterized by higher intrinsic drug resistance. Cell-cell communication in BM-tumor interaction triggers signaling pathways by direct contact and paracrine communication through soluble growth factors or extracellular vesicles, which can deliver specific molecules such as mRNAs, miRNAs, proteins, metabolites, etc. enabling tumor cells to reprogram the healthy cells of the microenvironment inducing them to support tumor growth. In this review we will explore how the dysregulated Notch activity contributes to tumor-mediated reprogramming of the BM niche and drug resistance, strengthening the rationale of a Notch-directed therapy to re-establish apoptosis competence in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Colombo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Basile
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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79
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Khoo BL, Grenci G, Lim JSY, Lim YP, Fong J, Yeap WH, Bin Lim S, Chua SL, Wong SC, Yap YS, Lee SC, Lim CT, Han J. Low-dose anti-inflammatory combinatorial therapy reduced cancer stem cell formation in patient-derived preclinical models for tumour relapse prevention. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:407-423. [PMID: 30713340 PMCID: PMC6461953 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emergence of drug-resistant cancer phenotypes is a challenge for anti-cancer therapy. Cancer stem cells are identified as one of the ways by which chemoresistance develops. Method We investigated the anti-inflammatory combinatorial treatment (DA) of doxorubicin and aspirin using a preclinical microfluidic model on cancer cell lines and patient-derived circulating tumour cell clusters. The model had been previously demonstrated to predict patient overall prognosis. Results We demonstrated that low-dose aspirin with a sub-optimal dose of doxorubicin for 72 h could generate higher killing efficacy and enhanced apoptosis. Seven days of DA treatment significantly reduced the proportion of cancer stem cells and colony-forming ability. DA treatment delayed the inhibition of interleukin-6 secretion, which is mediated by both COX-dependent and independent pathways. The response of patients varied due to clinical heterogeneity, with 62.5% and 64.7% of samples demonstrating higher killing efficacy or reduction in cancer stem cell (CSC) proportions after DA treatment, respectively. These results highlight the importance of using patient-derived models for drug discovery. Conclusions This preclinical proof of concept seeks to reduce the onset of CSCs generated post treatment by stressful stimuli. Our study will promote a better understanding of anti-inflammatory treatments for cancer and reduce the risk of relapse in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Luan Khoo
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Gianluca Grenci
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joey Sze Yun Lim
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Ping Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - July Fong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Hseun Yeap
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Bin Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Song Lin Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoon-Sim Yap
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jongyoon Han
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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80
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Gandhi N, Das GM. Metabolic Reprogramming in Breast Cancer and Its Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020089. [PMID: 30691108 PMCID: PMC6406734 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current standard-of-care (SOC) therapy for breast cancer includes targeted therapies such as endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) positive; anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-enriched; and general chemotherapy for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. These therapies frequently fail due to acquired or inherent resistance. Altered metabolism has been recognized as one of the major mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance. There are several cues that dictate metabolic reprogramming that also account for the tumors’ metabolic plasticity. For metabolic therapy to be efficacious there is a need to understand the metabolic underpinnings of the different subtypes of breast cancer as well as the role the SOC treatments play in targeting the metabolic phenotype. Understanding the mechanism will allow us to identify potential therapeutic vulnerabilities. There are some very interesting questions being tackled by researchers today as they pertain to altered metabolism in breast cancer. What are the metabolic differences between the different subtypes of breast cancer? Do cancer cells have a metabolic pathway preference based on the site and stage of metastasis? How do the cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic cues dictate the metabolic phenotype? How do the nucleus and mitochondria coordinately regulate metabolism? How does sensitivity or resistance to SOC affect metabolic reprogramming and vice-versa? This review addresses these issues along with the latest updates in the field of breast cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Gandhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics & Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Gokul M Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics & Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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81
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Zhuang Y, Ly RC, Frazier CV, Yu J, Qin S, Fan XY, Goetz MP, Boughey JC, Weinshilboum R, Wang L. The novel function of tumor protein D54 in regulating pyruvate dehydrogenase and metformin cytotoxicity in breast cancer. Cancer Metab 2019; 7:1. [PMID: 30697423 PMCID: PMC6345044 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-018-0193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of tumor protein D54 in breast cancer has not been studied and its function in breast cancer remains unclear. In our previous pharmacogenomic studies using lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL), this protein has been identified to affect metformin response. Although metformin has been widely studied as a prophylactic and chemotherapeutic drug, there is still a lack of biomarkers predicting the response to metformin in breast cancer. In this study, we revealed the novel function of TPD54 in breast cancer through understanding how TPD54 altered the cancer cell sensitivity to metformin. Methods The role of TPD54 in altering cellular sensitivity to metformin treatment was carried out by either knockdown or overexpression of TPD54, followed by measuring cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in MCF7 breast cancer cell line and breast cancer patient-derived xenografts. Functional analysis of TPD54 in breast cancer cells was demonstrated by studying TPD54 protein localization and identification of potential binding partners of TPD54 through immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry. The effect of TPD54 on pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) protein regulation was demonstrated by western blot, immunoprecipitation, and site-directed mutagenesis. Results TPD54 inhibited colony formation and enhanced cellular sensitivity to metformin treatment in MCF7 cells and breast cancer patient-derived xenografts. Mechanistic study indicated that TPD54 had mitochondrial localization, bound to and stabilized pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α by blocking pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1)-mediated serine 232 phosphorylation. TPD54 knockdown increased PDH E1α protein degradation and led to decreased PDH enzyme activity, which reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thus contributing to the resistance of breast cancer cells to metformin treatment. Conclusion We have discovered a novel mechanism by which TPD54 regulates pyruvate dehydrogenase and affects the sensitivity of breast cancer to metformin treatment. Our findings highlight the important post-translational regulation of PDK1 on PDH E1α and the potential application of TPD54 as a biomarker for selecting tumors that may be sensitive to metformin therapy. These provide new insights into understanding the regulation of PDH complexes and the resistance mechanisms of cancer cells to metformin treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40170-018-0193-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxian Zhuang
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Reynold C Ly
- 2Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of the Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | | | - Jia Yu
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Sisi Qin
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Xiao-Yang Fan
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Matthew P Goetz
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.,4Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Judy C Boughey
- 5Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Richard Weinshilboum
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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82
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Jespersen DS, Schönherz AA, Due H, Bøgsted M, Sondergaard TE, Dybkær K. Expression of NOTCH3 exon 16 differentiates Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma into molecular subtypes and is associated with prognosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:335. [PMID: 30674940 PMCID: PMC6344585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous disease with diverse clinical presentation and outcome. Bio-clinical prognostic models including oncogene expression and cell-of-origin phenotyping has been developed, however, approximately 30% of all patients still die from their disease, illustrating the need for additional prognostic biomarkers associating oncogenesis and phenotypic subclasses. Hence, we tested if alternative splice variations have biomarker potential. Initial alternative splicing analysis of human exon array from clinical DLBCL samples identified candidate genes. Experimental validation by ddPCR was performed in a DLBCL cohort classified into ABC/GCB subclasses, B-cell associated gene signatures (BAGS: naive, centroblast, centrocyte, memory, and plasmablast), and vincristine resistant gene signatures. Prognostic potential was assessed for aberrantly spliced transcripts. Thus, NOTCH3 was identified as alternatively spliced, with differential exon 16 depletion (−exon 16) between differentiation associated BAGS subtypes. Predicted vincristine resistant patients of the GCB subclass had significantly downregulated NOTCH3 −exon 16 transcript expression and tended to display adverse overall survival for R-CHOP treated patients. In conclusion, we have identified a specific alternatively spliced NOTCH3 event that differentiate molecular subtypes of DLBCL and display prognostic and predictive biomarker potential in GCB DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna A Schönherz
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hanne Due
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Martin Bøgsted
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Karen Dybkær
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark. .,Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Talukdar S, Bhoopathi P, Emdad L, Das S, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. Dormancy and cancer stem cells: An enigma for cancer therapeutic targeting. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 141:43-84. [PMID: 30691685 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dormancy occurs when cells remain viable but stop proliferating. When most of a cancer population undergoes this phenomenon, the result is called tumor dormancy, and when a single cancer cell undergoes this process, it is termed quiescence. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) share several overlapping characteristics and signaling pathways with dormant cancer cells, including therapy resistance, and an ability to metastasize and evade the immune system. Cancer cells can be broadly grouped into dormancy-competent CSCs (DCCs), cancer-repopulating cells (CRCs), dormancy-incompetent CSCs and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs). The settings in which cancer cells exploit the dormancy phase to survive and adapt are: (i) primary cancer dormancy; (ii) metastatic dormancy; (iii) therapy-induced dormancy; and (iv) immunologic dormancy. Dormancy, therapy resistance and plasticity of CSCs are fundamentally interconnected processes mediated through mechanisms involving reversible genetic alterations. Niches including metastatic, bone marrow, and perivascular are known to harbor dormant cancer cells. Mechanisms of dormancy induction are complex and multi-factorial and can involve angiogenic switching, addictive oncogene inhibition, immunoediting, anoikis, therapy, autophagy, senescence, epigenetic, and biophysical regulation. Therapy can have opposing effects on cancer cells with respect to dormancy; some therapies can induce dormancy, while others can reactivate dormant cells. There is a lack of consensus relative to the value of therapy-induced dormancy, i.e., some researchers view dormancy induction as a beneficial strategy as it can lead to metastasis inhibition, while others argue that reactivating dormant cancer cells and then eliminating them through therapy are a better approach. More focused investigations of intrinsic cell kinetics and environmental dynamics that promote and maintain cancer cells in a dormant state, and the long-term consequences of dormancy are critical for improving current therapeutic treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Talukdar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Praveen Bhoopathi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Swadesh Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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84
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Gu HF, Mao XY, Du M. Prevention of breast cancer by dietary polyphenols-role of cancer stem cells. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:810-825. [PMID: 30632783 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1551778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common malignancy with poor prognosis. Cancer cells are heterogeneous and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are primarily responsible for tumor relapse, treatment-resistance and metastasis, so for breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Diets are known to be associated with carcinogenesis. Food-derived polyphenols are able to attenuate the formation and virulence of BCSCs, implying that these compounds and their analogs might be promising agents for preventing breast cancer. In the present review, we summarized the origin and surface markers of BCSCs and possible mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects of polyphenols on BCSCs. The suppressive effects of common dietary polyphenols against BCSCs, such as curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and related polyphenolic compounds were further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Feng Gu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ying Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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85
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Louault K, Bonneaud TL, Séveno C, Gomez-Bougie P, Nguyen F, Gautier F, Bourgeois N, Loussouarn D, Kerdraon O, Barillé-Nion S, Jézéquel P, Campone M, Amiot M, Juin PP, Souazé F. Interactions between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor cells promote MCL-1 dependency in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. Oncogene 2019; 38:3261-3273. [PMID: 30631150 PMCID: PMC6756023 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Selective inhibition of BCL-2 is expected to enhance therapeutic vulnerability in luminal estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. We show here that the BCL-2 dependency of luminal tumor cells is nevertheless mitigated by breast cancer-associated fibroblasts (bCAFs) in a manner that defines MCL-1 as another critical therapeutic target. bCAFs favor MCL-1 expression and apoptotic resistance in luminal cancer cells in a IL-6 dependent manner while their own, robust, survival also relies on MCL-1. Studies based on ex vivo cultures of human luminal breast cancer tissues further argue that the contribution of stroma-derived signals to MCL-1 expression shapes BCL-2 dependency. Thus, MCL-1 inhibitors are beneficial for targeted apoptosis of breast tumor ecosystems, even in a subtype where MCL-1 dependency is not intrinsically driven by oncogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Louault
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France
| | - T L Bonneaud
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France
| | - C Séveno
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France
| | - P Gomez-Bougie
- SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France.,CRCINA, Team 10, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - F Nguyen
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,ONIRIS, Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine Food Science and Engineering, Animal Cancers, Nantes, France
| | - F Gautier
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France.,ICO René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - N Bourgeois
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France
| | - D Loussouarn
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - O Kerdraon
- SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France.,ICO René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - S Barillé-Nion
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France
| | - P Jézéquel
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France.,ICO René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - M Campone
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France.,ICO René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - M Amiot
- SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France.,CRCINA, Team 10, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - P P Juin
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France. .,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France. .,ICO René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France. .,CNRS GDR3697 Micronit, Tours, France.
| | - F Souazé
- CRCINA, Team 8, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France. .,SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France. .,CNRS GDR3697 Micronit, Tours, France.
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86
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Sridharan S, Howard CM, Tilley AMC, Subramaniyan B, Tiwari AK, Ruch RJ, Raman D. Novel and Alternative Targets Against Breast Cancer Stemness to Combat Chemoresistance. Front Oncol 2019. [PMID: 31681564 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01003.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play a vital role in tumor progression and metastasis. They are heterogeneous and inherently radio- and chemoresistant. They have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into non-BCSCs. These determinants of BCSCs including the plasticity between the mesenchymal and epithelial phenotypes often leads to minimal residual disease (MRD), tumor relapse, and therapy failure. By studying the resistance mechanisms in BCSCs, a combinatorial therapy can be formulated to co-target BCSCs and bulk tumor cells. This review addresses breast cancer stemness and molecular underpinnings of how the cancer stemness can lead to pharmacological resistance. This might occur through rewiring of signaling pathways and modulated expression of various targets that support survival and self-renewal, clonogenicity, and multi-lineage differentiation into heterogeneous bulk tumor cells following chemotherapy. We explore emerging novel and alternative molecular targets against BC stemness and chemoresistance involving survival, drug efflux, metabolism, proliferation, cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Strategic targeting of such vulnerabilities in BCSCs may overcome the chemoresistance and increase the longevity of the metastatic breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Sridharan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Cory M Howard
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Augustus M C Tilley
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | | | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Randall J Ruch
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Dayanidhi Raman
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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87
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Zhou Y, Su Y, Zhu H, Wang X, Li X, Dai C, Xu C, Zheng T, Mao C, Chen D. Interleukin-23 receptor signaling mediates cancer dormancy and radioresistance in human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells via the Wnt/Notch pathway. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 97:177-188. [PMID: 30483821 PMCID: PMC6348073 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract In the tumor microenvironment, inflammatory cells and molecules influence almost every process; among them, interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a pro-inflammatory molecule that exhibits pro- or anti-tumor properties, but both activities remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of extracellular IL-23 in IL-23 receptor-positive (IL-23R+) esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and explored the mechanisms underlying this effect. We analyzed ESCC tumor tissues by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining and found that IL-23, which was highly expressed, co-localized with Oct-4A in IL-23R+ ESCC cells. In addition, IL-23 treatment significantly increased the accumulation of CD133+ cells and activated the Wnt and Notch signaling pathways in CD133−IL-23R+ ESCC cell lines. Consistently, CD133−IL-23R+ cells pretreated with IL-23 showed stronger anti-apoptosis activity when exposed to radiation and higher survival than untreated groups. Moreover, the inhibition of Wnt/Notch signaling by a small-molecule inhibitor or siRNA abolished the effect of IL-23-induced dormancy and consequent radioresistance. Taken together, these results suggested that IL-23 facilitates radioresistance in ESCC by activating Wnt/Notch-mediated G0/1 phase arrest, and attenuating these detrimental changes by blocking the formation of dormancy may prove to be an effective pretreatment for radiotherapy. Key messages IL-23/IL-23R is correlated with the acquisition of stem-like potential in ESCC. CD133−IL-23R+ ESCCs acquired dormancy via IL-23. Radioresistance depends on IL-23-mediated Wnt/Notch pathway activation in vitro and vivo.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-018-1724-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuepeng Zhou
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiefang Road 438, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Yuting Su
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiefang Road 438, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiefang Road 438, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Chunhua Dai
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiefang Road 438, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiefang Road 438, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
| | - Deyu Chen
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiefang Road 438, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
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88
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Mollen EWJ, Ient J, Tjan-Heijnen VCG, Boersma LJ, Miele L, Smidt ML, Vooijs MAGG. Moving Breast Cancer Therapy up a Notch. Front Oncol 2018; 8:518. [PMID: 30515368 PMCID: PMC6256059 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy, worldwide. Treatment decisions are based on tumor stage, histological subtype, and receptor expression and include combinations of surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic treatment. These, together with earlier diagnosis, have resulted in increased survival. However, initial treatment efficacy cannot be guaranteed upfront, and these treatments may come with (long-term) serious adverse effects, negatively affecting a patient's quality of life. Gene expression-based tests can accurately estimate the risk of recurrence in early stage breast cancers. Disease recurrence correlates with treatment resistance, creating a major need to resensitize tumors to treatment. Notch signaling is frequently deregulated in cancer and is involved in treatment resistance. Preclinical research has already identified many combinatory therapeutic options where Notch involvement enhances the effectiveness of radiotherapy, chemotherapy or targeted therapies for breast cancer. However, the benefit of targeting Notch has remained clinically inconclusive. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on targeting the Notch pathway to enhance current treatments for breast cancer and to combat treatment resistance. Furthermore, we propose mechanisms to further exploit Notch-based therapeutics in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik W J Mollen
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Ient
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Vivianne C G Tjan-Heijnen
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth J Boersma
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Marjolein L Smidt
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marc A G G Vooijs
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
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89
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Notch and Wnt Dysregulation and Its Relevance for Breast Cancer and Tumor Initiation. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6040101. [PMID: 30388742 PMCID: PMC6315509 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women in the world. Treatment has been improved and, in combination with early detection, this has resulted in reduced mortality rates. Further improvement in therapy development is however warranted. This will be particularly important for certain sub-classes of breast cancer, such as triple-negative breast cancer, where currently no specific therapies are available. An important therapy development focus emerges from the notion that dysregulation of two major signaling pathways, Notch and Wnt signaling, are major drivers for breast cancer development. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways and into how they act synergistically both in normal development and cancer. We also discuss how dysregulation of the two pathways contributes to breast cancer and strategies to develop novel breast cancer therapies starting from a Notch and Wnt dysregulation perspective.
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90
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Transcriptomic but not genomic variability confers phenotype of breast cancer stem cells. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:56. [PMID: 30231942 PMCID: PMC6146522 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are considered responsible for cancer relapse and drug resistance. Understanding the identity of BCSCs may open new avenues in breast cancer therapy. Although several discoveries have been made on BCSC characterization, the factors critical to the origination of BCSCs are largely unclear. This study aimed to determine whether genomic mutations contribute to the acquisition of cancer stem-like phenotype and to investigate the genetic and transcriptional features of BCSCs. Methods We detected potential BCSC phenotype-associated mutation hotspot regions by using whole-genome sequencing on parental cancer cells and derived serial-generation spheres in increasing order of BCSC frequency, and then performed target deep DNA sequencing at bulk-cell and single-cell levels. To identify the transcriptional program associated with BCSCs, bulk-cell and single-cell RNA sequencing was performed. Results By using whole-genome sequencing of bulk cells, potential BCSC phenotype-associated mutation hotspot regions were detected. Validation by target deep DNA sequencing, at both bulk-cell and single-cell levels, revealed no genetic changes specifically associated with BCSC phenotype. Moreover, single-cell RNA sequencing showed profound transcriptomic variability in cancer cells at the single-cell level that predicted BCSC features. Notably, this transcriptomic variability was enriched during the transcription of 74 genes, revealed as BCSC markers. Breast cancer patients with a high risk of relapse exhibited higher expression levels of these BCSC markers than those with a low risk of relapse, thereby highlighting the clinical significance of predicting breast cancer prognosis with these BCSC markers. Conclusions Transcriptomic variability, not genetic mutations, distinguishes BCSCs from non-BCSCs. The identified 74 BCSC markers have the potential of becoming novel targets for breast cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40880-018-0326-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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91
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Yu CW, Cheng KC, Chen LC, Lin MX, Chang YC, Hwang-Verslues WW. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and CCL2 suppress expression of circadian gene Period2 in mammary epithelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:1007-1017. [PMID: 30343691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is known to contribute to tumor initiation and cancer progression. In breast tissue, the core circadian gene Period (PER)2 plays a critical role in mammary gland development and possesses tumor suppressor function. Interleukin (IL)-6 and C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 2 are among the most abundant cytokines in the inflammatory microenvironment. We found that acute stimulation by IL-6/CCL2 reduced PER2 expression in non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cells. Longer term exposure to IL-6/CCL2 suppressed PER2 to an even lower level. IL-6 activated STAT3/NFκB p50 signaling to recruit HDAC1 to the PER2 promoter. CCL2 activated the PI3K/AKT pathway to promote ELK-1 cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation, recruit HDAC1 to the proximal PER2 promoter and facilitate DNMT3-EZH2-PER2 promoter association. Ectopic expression of PER2 inhibited IL-6 or CCL2 induced mammosphere forming ability and reduced sphere size indicating that PER2 repression in breast epithelial cells can be crucial to activate tumorigenesis in an inflammatory microenvironment. The diminished expression of PER2 can be observed over a time scale of hours to weeks following IL-6/CCL2 stimulation suggesting that PER2 suppression occurs in the early stage of the interaction between an inflammatory microenvironment and normal breast epithelial cells. These data show new mechanisms by which mammary cells interact with a cancerous microenvironment and provide additional evidence that PER2 expression contributes to breast tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Wei Yu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chih Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chih Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Xuan Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wendy W Hwang-Verslues
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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92
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Leontovich AA, Jalalirad M, Salisbury JL, Mills L, Haddox C, Schroeder M, Tuma A, Guicciardi ME, Zammataro L, Gambino MW, Amato A, Di Leonardo A, McCubrey J, Lange CA, Liu M, Haddad T, Goetz M, Boughey J, Sarkaria J, Wang L, Ingle JN, Galanis E, D'Assoro AB. NOTCH3 expression is linked to breast cancer seeding and distant metastasis. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:105. [PMID: 30180881 PMCID: PMC6123953 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Development of distant metastases involves a complex multistep biological process termed the invasion-metastasis cascade, which includes dissemination of cancer cells from the primary tumor to secondary organs. NOTCH developmental signaling plays a critical role in promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, tumor stemness, and metastasis. Although all four NOTCH receptors show oncogenic properties, the unique role of each of these receptors in the sequential stepwise events that typify the invasion-metastasis cascade remains elusive. Methods We have established metastatic xenografts expressing high endogenous levels of NOTCH3 using estrogen receptor alpha-positive (ERα+) MCF-7 breast cancer cells with constitutive active Raf-1/mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling (vMCF-7Raf-1) and MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. The critical role of NOTCH3 in inducing an invasive phenotype and poor outcome was corroborated in unique TNBC cells resulting from a patient-derived brain metastasis (TNBC-M25) and in publicly available claudin-low breast tumor specimens collected from participants in the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium database. Results In this study, we identified an association between NOTCH3 expression and development of metastases in ERα+ and TNBC models. ERα+ breast tumor xenografts with a constitutive active Raf-1/MAPK signaling developed spontaneous lung metastases through the clonal expansion of cancer cells expressing a NOTCH3 reprogramming network. Abrogation of NOTCH3 expression significantly reduced the self-renewal and invasive capacity of ex vivo breast cancer cells, restoring a luminal CD44low/CD24high/ERαhigh phenotype. Forced expression of the mitotic Aurora kinase A (AURKA), which promotes breast cancer metastases, failed to restore the invasive capacity of NOTCH3-null cells, demonstrating that NOTCH3 expression is required for an invasive phenotype. Likewise, pharmacologic inhibition of NOTCH signaling also impaired TNBC cell seeding and metastatic growth. Significantly, the role of aberrant NOTCH3 expression in promoting tumor self-renewal, invasiveness, and poor outcome was corroborated in unique TNBC cells from a patient-derived brain metastasis and in publicly available claudin-low breast tumor specimens. Conclusions These findings demonstrate the key role of NOTCH3 oncogenic signaling in the genesis of breast cancer metastasis and provide a compelling preclinical rationale for the design of novel therapeutic strategies that will selectively target NOTCH3 to halt metastatic seeding and to improve the clinical outcomes of patients with breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-1020-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Leontovich
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mohammad Jalalirad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Salisbury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lisa Mills
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Candace Haddox
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark Schroeder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ann Tuma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Maria E Guicciardi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Luca Zammataro
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mario W Gambino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela Amato
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Leonardo
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - James McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Carol A Lange
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Minetta Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tufia Haddad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew Goetz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Judy Boughey
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jann Sarkaria
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James N Ingle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Evanthia Galanis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Antonino B D'Assoro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Tivari S, Lu H, Dasgupta T, De Lorenzo MS, Wieder R. Reawakening of dormant estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cells by bone marrow stroma secretory senescence. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:48. [PMID: 30119678 PMCID: PMC6098600 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dormant estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer micrometastases in the bone marrow survive adjuvant chemotherapy and recur stochastically for more than 20 years. We hypothesized that inflammatory cytokines produced by stromal injury can re-awaken dormant breast cancer cells. Methods We used an established in vitro dormancy model of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer cells incubated at clonogenic density on fibronectin-coated plates to determine the effects of inflammatory cytokines on reactivation of dormant ER+ breast cancer cells. We measured induction of a mesenchymal phenotype, motility and the capacity to re-enter dormancy. We induced secretory senescence in murine stromal monolayers by oxidation, hypoxia and estrogen deprivation with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), carbonyl-cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazzone (CCCP) and Fulvestrant (ICI 182780), respectively, and determined the effects on growth of co-cultivated breast cancer cells. Results Exogenous recombinant human (rh) interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 or transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) induced regrowth of dormant MCF-7 cells on fibronectin-coated plates. Dormant cells had decreased expression of E-cadherin and estrogen receptor α (ERα) and increased expression of N-cadherin and SNAI2 (SLUG). Cytokine or TGFβ1 treatment of dormant clones induced formation of growing clones, a mesenchymal appearance, increased motility and an impaired capacity to re-enter dormancy. Stromal injury induced secretion of IL-6, IL-8, upregulated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), activated TGFβ and stimulated the growth of co-cultivated MCF-7 cells. MCF-7 cells induced secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 by stroma in co-culture. Conclusions Dormant ER+ breast cancer cells have activated epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene expression programs and downregulated ERα but maintain a dormant epithelial phenotype. Stromal inflammation reactivates these cells, induces growth and a mesenchymal phenotype. Reactivated, growing cells have an impaired ability to re-enter dormancy. In turn, breast cancer cells co-cultured with stroma induce secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 by the stroma, creating a positive feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Tivari
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 205 South Orange Avenue, Cancer Center H1216, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 205 South Orange Avenue, Cancer Center H1216, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Tanya Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 205 South Orange Avenue, Cancer Center H1216, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Mariana S De Lorenzo
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Robert Wieder
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 205 South Orange Avenue, Cancer Center H1216, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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94
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Colombo M, Mirandola L, Chiriva-Internati M, Basile A, Locati M, Lesma E, Chiaramonte R, Platonova N. Cancer Cells Exploit Notch Signaling to Redefine a Supportive Cytokine Milieu. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1823. [PMID: 30154786 PMCID: PMC6102368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is a well-known key player in the communication between adjacent cells during organ development, when it controls several processes involved in cell differentiation. Notch-mediated communication may occur through the interaction of Notch receptors with ligands on adjacent cells or by a paracrine/endocrine fashion, through soluble molecules that can mediate the communication between cells at distant sites. Dysregulation of Notch pathway causes a number of disorders, including cancer. Notch hyperactivation may be caused by mutations of Notch-related genes, dysregulated upstream pathways, or microenvironment signals. Cancer cells may exploit this aberrant signaling to "educate" the surrounding microenvironment cells toward a pro-tumoral behavior. This may occur because of key cytokines secreted by tumor cells or it may involve the microenvironment through the activation of Notch signaling in stromal cells, an event mediated by a direct cell-to-cell contact and resulting in the increased secretion of several pro-tumorigenic cytokines. Up to now, review articles were mainly focused on Notch contribution in a specific tumor context or immune cell populations. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview on the outcomes of Notch-mediated pathological interactions in different tumor settings and on the molecular and cellular mediators involved in this process. We describe how Notch dysregulation in cancer may alter the cytokine network and its outcomes on tumor progression and antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Colombo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Kiromic Biopharma Inc., Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Andrea Basile
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Locati
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elena Lesma
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Natalia Platonova
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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95
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Stroma-derived IL-6, G-CSF and Activin-A mediated dedifferentiation of lung carcinoma cells into cancer stem cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11573. [PMID: 30069023 PMCID: PMC6070555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29947-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of resistant cells inhabiting the tumors. Although comprising only nearly 3% of the tumor mass, these cells were demonstrated to orchestrate tumorigenesis and differentiation, underlie tumors’ heterogeneity and mediate therapy resistance and tumor relapse. Here we show that CSCs may be formed by dedifferentiation of terminally differentiated tumor cells under stress conditions. Using a elegant co-culture cellular system, we were able to prove that nutrients and oxygen deprivation activated non-malignant stromal fibroblasts, which in turn established with tumor cells a paracrine loop mediated by Interleukine-6 (IL-6), Activin-A and Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), that drove subsequent tumor formation and cellular dedifferentiation. However, by scavenging these cytokines from the media and/or blocking exosomes’ mediated communication it was possible to abrogate dedifferentiation thus turning these mechanisms into potential therapeutic targets against cancer progression.
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96
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Aburjania Z, Jang S, Whitt J, Jaskula-Stzul R, Chen H, Rose JB. The Role of Notch3 in Cancer. Oncologist 2018; 23:900-911. [PMID: 29622701 PMCID: PMC6156186 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch family is a highly conserved gene group that regulates cell-cell interaction, embryogenesis, and tissue commitment. This review article focuses on the third Notch family subtype, Notch3. Regulation via Notch3 signaling was first implicated in vasculogenesis. However, more recent findings suggest that Notch3 signaling may play an important role in oncogenesis, tumor maintenance, and resistance to chemotherapy. Its role is mainly oncogenic, although in some cancers it appears to be tumor suppressive. Despite the wealth of published literature, it remains relatively underexplored and requires further research to shed more light on its role in cancer development, determine its tissue-specific function, and elaborate novel treatment strategies. Herein we summarize the role of Notch3 in cancer, possible mechanisms of its action, and current cancer treatment strategies targeting Notch3 signaling. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The Notch family is a highly conserved gene group that regulates cell-cell interaction, embryogenesis, and tissue commitment. This review summarizes the existing data on the third subtype of the Notch family, Notch3. The role of Notch3 in different types of cancers is discussed, as well as implications of its modification and new strategies to affect Notch3 signaling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zviadi Aburjania
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samuel Jang
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jason Whitt
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Renata Jaskula-Stzul
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - J Bart Rose
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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97
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Bai X, Ni J, Beretov J, Graham P, Li Y. Cancer stem cell in breast cancer therapeutic resistance. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 69:152-163. [PMID: 30029203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development of therapeutic resistance and metastasis is a major challenge with current breast cancer (BC) therapy. Mounting evidence suggests that a subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to the cancer therapeutic resistance and metastasis, leading to the recurrence and death in patients. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are not only a consequence of mutations that overactivate the self-renewal ability of normal stem cells or committed progenitors but also a result of the de-differentiation of cancer cells induced by somatic mutations or microenvironmental components under treatment. Eradication of BCSCs may bring hope and relief to patients whose lives are threatened by recurrent BCs. Therefore, a better understanding of the generation, regulatory mechanisms, and identification of CSCs in BC therapeutic resistance and metastasis will be imperative for developing BCSC-targeted strategies. Here we summarize the latest studies about cell surface markers and signalling pathways that sustain the stemness of BCSC and discuss the associations of mechanisms behind these traits with phenotype and behavior changes in BCSCs. More importantly, their implications for future study are also evaluated and potential BCSC-targeted strategies are proposed to break through the limitation of current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Bai
- Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jie Ni
- Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Julia Beretov
- Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Peter Graham
- Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China.
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98
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Monoubiquitination of Cancer Stem Cell Marker CD133 at Lysine 848 Regulates Its Secretion and Promotes Cell Migration. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00024-18. [PMID: 29760280 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00024-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD133, a widely known marker of cancer stem cells, was recently found in extracellular vesicles. However, the mechanisms underlying CD133 translocation to the extracellular space remain largely unknown. Here we report that CD133 is monoubiquitinated. Ubiquitination occurs primarily on complex glycosylated CD133. The lysine 848 residue at the intracellular carboxyl terminus is one of the sites for CD133 ubiquitination. The K848R mutation does not affect CD133 degradation by the lysosomal pathway but significantly reduces CD133 secretion by inhibiting the interaction between CD133 and tumor susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101). Furthermore, knockdown of the E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Nedd4 largely impairs CD133 ubiquitination and vesicle secretion. Importantly, CD133-containing vesicles are taken up by recipient cells, consequently promoting cell migration. The K848R mutation reduces cell migration induced by CD133. Taken together, our findings show that monoubiquitination contributes to CD133 vesicle secretion and promotes recipient cell migration. These findings provide a clue to the mechanisms of CD133 secretion and cancer stem cell microenvironment interactional effects.
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99
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Valcz G, Buzás EI, Szállási Z, Kalmár A, Krenács T, Tulassay Z, Igaz P, Molnár B. Perspective: bidirectional exosomal transport between cancer stem cells and their fibroblast-rich microenvironment during metastasis formation. NPJ Breast Cancer 2018; 4:18. [PMID: 30038960 PMCID: PMC6048124 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-018-0071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinomas are complex structures composed of hierarchically organized distinct cell populations such as cancer stem cells and non-stem (bulk) cancer cells. Their genetic/epigenetic makeup and the dynamic interplay between the malignant cell populations and their stromal fibroblasts are important determinants of metastatic tumor invasion. Important mediators of these interactions are the small, membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles, in particular exosomes. Both cancer cell and fibroblast-derived exosomes carry a set of regulatory molecules, including proteins and different species of RNA, which cooperatively support metastatic tumor spread. Here, we briefly overview potential links between cancer stem cells and the exosome-mediated fibroblast-enriched metastatic niche formation to discuss their role in the promotion of tumor growth and metastatic expansion in breast carcinoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Valcz
- 1Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,22nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- 3MTA-SE Immuno-Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,4Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szállási
- 5Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- 1Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,22nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 61st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- 1Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,22nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Igaz
- 1Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,22nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- 1Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,22nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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100
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Sellers ZP, Schneider G, Bujko K, Suszynska M, Pedziwiatr D. Do Cancer Cell Lines Have Fixed or Fluctuating Stem Cell Phenotypes? - Studies with the NTera2 Cell Line. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018. [PMID: 28624968 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the important questions when studying established cancer cell lines is whether such cells contain a subpopulation of primitive cancer stem cells that maintains the expansion of the cell line. To address this issue, we performed studies on the established human embryonal carcinoma cell line NTera2 by evaluating the potential stemness of cells sorted according to their expression of the cell surface stem cell markers CD133 and SSEA4. By performing in vitro and in vivo assays, we observed different properties of cells expressing both, one, or neither of these antigens. While sorted SSEA4+ subpopulations exhibited the greatest propensity for migration toward normal serum and the highest seeding efficiency in the lungs of immunodeficient mice, CD133-SSEA4- cells displayed high seeding efficiency to the bone marrow after injection in vivo. It is worth noting that these properties did not depend on the size of the evaluated cells. To address the question of whether cancer stem cell phenotypes in cell lines are fixed or fluctuating, we sorted single cells according to their expression of CD133 and SSEA4 antigens and observed that cells which did not express these cancer stem cell markers gave rise to cells that express these markers after expansion in vitro. Therefore, our results support the idea that within established cancer cell lines, the phenotype of the cell subpopulation expressing cancer stem cell markers is not fixed but fluctuates during cell line expansion, and cells negative for these markers may acquire their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah P Sellers
- Stem Cell Institute at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Gabriela Schneider
- Stem Cell Institute at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Kamila Bujko
- Stem Cell Institute at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Malwina Suszynska
- Stem Cell Institute at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Daniel Pedziwiatr
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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