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Zhou S, Wang L. Unraveling the structural and chemical features of biological short hydrogen bonds. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7734-7745. [PMID: 31588321 PMCID: PMC6764281 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01496a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Short hydrogen bonds are ubiquitous in biological macromolecules and exhibit distinctive proton potential energy surfaces and proton sharing properties.
The three-dimensional architecture of biomolecules often creates specialized structural elements, notably short hydrogen bonds that have donor–acceptor separations below 2.7 Å. In this work, we statistically analyze 1663 high-resolution biomolecular structures from the Protein Data Bank and demonstrate that short hydrogen bonds are prevalent in proteins, protein–ligand complexes and nucleic acids. From these biological macromolecules, we characterize the preferred location, connectivity and amino acid composition in short hydrogen bonds and hydrogen bond networks, and assess their possible functional importance. Using electronic structure calculations, we further uncover how the interplay of the structural and chemical features determines the proton potential energy surfaces and proton sharing conditions in biological short hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine , Rutgers University , Piscataway , NJ 08854 , USA .
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine , Rutgers University , Piscataway , NJ 08854 , USA .
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52
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Crowther JM, Cross PJ, Oliver MR, Leeman MM, Bartl AJ, Weatherhead AW, North RA, Donovan KA, Griffin MDW, Suzuki H, Hudson AO, Kasanmascheff M, Dobson RCJ. Structure-function analyses of two plant meso-diaminopimelate decarboxylase isoforms reveal that active-site gating provides stereochemical control. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8505-8515. [PMID: 30962284 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
meso-Diaminopimelate decarboxylase catalyzes the decarboxylation of meso-diaminopimelate, the final reaction in the diaminopimelate l-lysine biosynthetic pathway. It is the only known pyridoxal-5-phosphate-dependent decarboxylase that catalyzes the removal of a carboxyl group from a d-stereocenter. Currently, only prokaryotic orthologs have been kinetically and structurally characterized. Here, using complementation and kinetic analyses of enzymes recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, we have functionally tested two putative eukaryotic meso-diaminopimelate decarboxylase isoforms from the plant species Arabidopsis thaliana We confirm they are both functional meso-diaminopimelate decarboxylases, although with lower activities than those previously reported for bacterial orthologs. We also report in-depth X-ray crystallographic structural analyses of each isoform at 1.9 and 2.4 Å resolution. We have captured the enzyme structure of one isoform in an asymmetric configuration, with one ligand-bound monomer and the other in an apo-form. Analytical ultracentrifugation and small-angle X-ray scattering solution studies reveal that A. thaliana meso-diaminopimelate decarboxylase adopts a homodimeric assembly. On the basis of our structural analyses, we suggest a mechanism whereby molecular interactions within the active site transduce conformational changes to the active-site loop. These conformational differences are likely to influence catalytic activity in a way that could allow for d-stereocenter selectivity of the substrate meso-diaminopimelate to facilitate the synthesis of l-lysine. In summary, the A. thaliana gene loci At3g14390 and At5g11880 encode functional. meso-diaminopimelate decarboxylase enzymes whose structures provide clues to the stereochemical control of the decarboxylation reaction catalyzed by these eukaryotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Crowther
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Penelope J Cross
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Michael R Oliver
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mary M Leeman
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, New York 14623
| | - Austin J Bartl
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, New York 14623
| | - Anthony W Weatherhead
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Rachel A North
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Michael D W Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Hironori Suzuki
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - André O Hudson
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, New York 14623.
| | - Müge Kasanmascheff
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Renwick C J Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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53
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Sui X, Singh SK, Patra B, Schluttenhofer C, Guo W, Pattanaik S, Yuan L. Cross-family transcription factor interaction between MYC2 and GBFs modulates terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4267-4281. [PMID: 29931167 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of medicinally valuable terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) in Catharanthus roseus is regulated by transcriptional activators such as the basic helix-loop-helix factor CrMYC2. However, the transactivation effects are often buffered by repressors, such as the bZIP factors CrGBF1 and CrGBF2, possibly to fine-tune the accumulation of cytotoxic TIAs. Questions remain as to whether and how these factors interact to modulate TIA production. We demonstrated that overexpression of CrMYC2 induces CrGBF expression and results in reduced alkaloid accumulation in C. roseus hairy roots. We found that CrGBF1 and CrGBF2 form homo- and heterodimers to repress the transcriptional activities of key TIA pathway gene promoters. We showed that CrGBFs dimerize with CrMYC2, and CrGBF1 binds to the same cis-elements (T/G-box) as CrMYC2 in the target gene promoters. Our findings suggest that CrGBFs antagonize CrMYC2 transactivation possibly by competitive binding to the T/G-box in the target promoters and/or protein-protein interaction that forms a non-DNA binding complex that prevents CrMYC2 from binding to its target promoters. Homo- and heterodimer formation allows fine-tuning of the amplitude of TIA gene expression. Our findings reveal a previously undescribed regulatory mechanism that governs the TIA pathway genes to balance metabolic flux for TIA production in C. roseus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Sui
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Barunava Patra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Craig Schluttenhofer
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Wen Guo
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sitakanta Pattanaik
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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54
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Carqueijeiro I, Brown S, Chung K, Dang TT, Walia M, Besseau S, Dugé de Bernonville T, Oudin A, Lanoue A, Billet K, Munsch T, Koudounas K, Melin C, Godon C, Razafimandimby B, de Craene JO, Glévarec G, Marc J, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Clastre M, St-Pierre B, Papon N, Andrade RB, O'Connor SE, Courdavault V. Two Tabersonine 6,7-Epoxidases Initiate Lochnericine-Derived Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1473-1486. [PMID: 29934299 PMCID: PMC6084683 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Lochnericine is a major monoterpene indole alkaloid (MIA) in the roots of Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus). Lochnericine is derived from the stereoselective C6,C7-epoxidation of tabersonine and can be metabolized further to generate other complex MIAs. While the enzymes responsible for its downstream modifications have been characterized, those involved in lochnericine biosynthesis remain unknown. By combining gene correlation studies, functional assays, and transient gene inactivation, we identified two highly conserved P450s that efficiently catalyze the epoxidation of tabersonine: tabersonine 6,7-epoxidase isoforms 1 and 2 (TEX1 and TEX2). Both proteins are quite divergent from the previously characterized tabersonine 2,3-epoxidase and are more closely related to tabersonine 16-hydroxylase, involved in vindoline biosynthesis in leaves. Biochemical characterization of TEX1/2 revealed their strict substrate specificity for tabersonine and their inability to epoxidize 19-hydroxytabersonine, indicating that they catalyze the first step in the pathway leading to hörhammericine production. TEX1 and TEX2 displayed complementary expression profiles, with TEX1 expressed mainly in roots and TEX2 in aerial organs. Our results suggest that TEX1 and TEX2 originated from a gene duplication event and later acquired divergent, organ-specific regulatory elements for lochnericine biosynthesis throughout the plant, as supported by the presence of lochnericine in flowers. Finally, through the sequential expression of TEX1 and up to four other MIA biosynthetic genes in yeast, we reconstituted the 19-acetylhörhammericine biosynthetic pathway and produced tailor-made MIAs by mixing enzymatic modules that are naturally spatially separated in the plant. These results lay the groundwork for the metabolic engineering of tabersonine/lochnericine derivatives of pharmaceutical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Carqueijeiro
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Stephanie Brown
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Khoa Chung
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Thu-Thuy Dang
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Manish Walia
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | | | - Audrey Oudin
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Kevin Billet
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Thibaut Munsch
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Konstantinos Koudounas
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Céline Melin
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Charlotte Godon
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Angers, F-49933, France
| | - Bienvenue Razafimandimby
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Angers, F-49933, France
| | - Johan-Owen de Craene
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Gaëlle Glévarec
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Jillian Marc
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | | | - Marc Clastre
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Université d'Angers, EA3142 Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Angers, F-49933, France
| | - Rodrigo B Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom sarah.o'
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, F-37200, France sarah.o'
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55
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Sarpagan bridge enzyme has substrate-controlled cyclization and aromatization modes. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:760-763. [PMID: 29942076 PMCID: PMC6054303 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Cyclization reactions that create complex polycyclic scaffolds are hallmarks of alkaloid biosynthetic pathways. We present the discovery of three homologous cytochromes P450 from three monoterpene indole alkaloid-producing plants (Rauwolfia serpentina, Gelsemium sempervirens and Catharanthus roseus) that provide entry into two distinct alkaloid classes, the sarpagans and the β-carbolines. Our results highlight how a common enzymatic mechanism, guided by related but structurally distinct substrates, leads to either cyclization or aromatization.
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56
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An engineered combinatorial module of transcription factors boosts production of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus. Metab Eng 2018; 48:150-162. [PMID: 29852273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To fend off microbial pathogens and herbivores, plants have evolved a wide range of defense strategies such as physical barriers, or the production of anti-digestive proteins or bioactive specialized metabolites. Accumulation of the latter compounds is often regulated by transcriptional activation of the biosynthesis pathway genes by the phytohormone jasmonate-isoleucine. Here, we used our recently developed flower petal transformation method in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus to shed light on the complex regulatory mechanisms steering the jasmonate-modulated biosynthesis of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), to which the anti-cancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine belong. By combinatorial overexpression of the transcriptional activators BIS1, ORCA3 and MYC2a, we provide an unprecedented insight into the modular transcriptional control of MIA biosynthesis. Furthermore, we show that the expression of an engineered de-repressed MYC2a triggers a tremendous reprogramming of the MIA pathway, finally leading to massively increased accumulation of at least 23 MIAs. The current study unveils an innovative approach for future metabolic engineering efforts for the production of valuable bioactive plant compounds in non-model plants.
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57
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Caputi L, Franke J, Farrow SC, Chung K, Payne RME, Nguyen TD, Dang TTT, Soares Teto Carqueijeiro I, Koudounas K, Dugé de Bernonville T, Ameyaw B, Jones DM, Vieira IJC, Courdavault V, O'Connor SE. Missing enzymes in the biosynthesis of the anticancer drug vinblastine in Madagascar periwinkle. Science 2018; 360:1235-1239. [PMID: 29724909 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vinblastine, a potent anticancer drug, is produced by Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) in small quantities, and heterologous reconstitution of vinblastine biosynthesis could provide an additional source of this drug. However, the chemistry underlying vinblastine synthesis makes identification of the biosynthetic genes challenging. Here we identify the two missing enzymes necessary for vinblastine biosynthesis in this plant: an oxidase and a reductase that isomerize stemmadenine acetate into dihydroprecondylocarpine acetate, which is then deacetoxylated and cyclized to either catharanthine or tabersonine via two hydrolases characterized herein. The pathways show how plants create chemical diversity and also enable development of heterologous platforms for generation of stemmadenine-derived bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Caputi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jakob Franke
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Scott C Farrow
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Khoa Chung
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Richard M E Payne
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Trinh-Don Nguyen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Thu-Thuy T Dang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Konstantinos Koudounas
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours, France
| | - Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours, France
| | - Belinda Ameyaw
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - D Marc Jones
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours, France.
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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58
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Carqueijeiro I, Dugé de Bernonville T, Lanoue A, Dang TT, Teijaro CN, Paetz C, Billet K, Mosquera A, Oudin A, Besseau S, Papon N, Glévarec G, Atehortùa L, Clastre M, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Schneider B, St-Pierre B, Andrade RB, O'Connor SE, Courdavault V. A BAHD acyltransferase catalyzing 19-O-acetylation of tabersonine derivatives in roots of Catharanthus roseus enables combinatorial synthesis of monoterpene indole alkaloids. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:469-484. [PMID: 29438577 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
While the characterization of the biosynthetic pathway of monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) in leaves of Catharanthus roseus is now reaching completion, only two enzymes from the root counterpart dedicated to tabersonine metabolism have been identified to date, namely tabersonine 19-hydroxylase (T19H) and minovincine 19-O-acetyltransferase (MAT). Albeit the recombinant MAT catalyzes MIA acetylation at low efficiency in vitro, we demonstrated that MAT was inactive when expressed in yeast and in planta, suggesting an alternative function for this enzyme. Therefore, through transcriptomic analysis of periwinkle adventitious roots, several other BAHD acyltransferase candidates were identified based on the correlation of their expression profile with T19H and found to localize in small genomic clusters. Only one, named tabersonine derivative 19-O-acetyltransferase (TAT) was able to acetylate the 19-hydroxytabersonine derivatives from roots, such as minovincinine and hörhammericine, following expression in yeast. Kinetic studies also showed that the recombinant TAT was specific for root MIAs and displayed an up to 200-fold higher catalytic efficiency than MAT. In addition, gene expression analysis, protein subcellular localization and heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana were in agreement with the prominent role of TAT in acetylation of root-specific MIAs, thereby redefining the molecular determinants of the root MIA biosynthetic pathway. Finally, identification of TAT provided a convenient tool for metabolic engineering of MIAs in yeast enabling efficiently mixing different biosynthetic modules spatially separated in the whole plant. This combinatorial synthesis associating several enzymes from Catharanthus roseus resulted in the conversion of tabersonine in tailor-made MIAs bearing both leaf and root-type decorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Carqueijeiro
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Thu-Thuy Dang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Christiana N Teijaro
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19122, USA
| | - Christian Paetz
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Kevin Billet
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Angela Mosquera
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Audrey Oudin
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Papon
- EA3142 'Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène', Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Gaëlle Glévarec
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lucía Atehortùa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Universidad de Antioquia, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Marc Clastre
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Bernd Schneider
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Rodrigo B Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19122, USA
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 'Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales', Université de Tours, Tours, France
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59
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Stavrinides AK, Tatsis EC, Dang TT, Caputi L, Stevenson CEM, Lawson DM, Schneider B, O'Connor SE. Discovery of a Short-Chain Dehydrogenase from Catharanthus roseus that Produces a New Monoterpene Indole Alkaloid. Chembiochem 2018; 19:940-948. [PMID: 29424954 PMCID: PMC6003104 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant monoterpene indole alkaloids, a large class of natural products, derive from the biosynthetic intermediate strictosidine aglycone. Strictosidine aglycone, which can exist as a variety of isomers, can be reduced to form numerous different structures. We have discovered a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase (SDR) from plant producers of monoterpene indole alkaloids (Catharanthus roseus and Rauvolfia serpentina) that reduce strictosidine aglycone and produce an alkaloid that does not correspond to any previously reported compound. Here we report the structural characterization of this product, which we have named vitrosamine, as well as the crystal structure of the SDR. This discovery highlights the structural versatility of the strictosidine aglycone biosynthetic intermediate and expands the range of enzymatic reactions that SDRs can catalyse. This discovery further highlights how a sequence-based gene mining discovery approach in plants can reveal cryptic chemistry that would not be uncovered by classical natural product chemistry approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Stavrinides
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.,UMR DIADE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - Evangelos C Tatsis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Thu-Thuy Dang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Lorenzo Caputi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Clare E M Stevenson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - David M Lawson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Bernd Schneider
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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60
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Qu Y, Thamm AMK, Czerwinski M, Masada S, Kim KH, Jones G, Liang P, De Luca V. Geissoschizine synthase controls flux in the formation of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in a Catharanthus roseus mutant. PLANTA 2018; 247:625-634. [PMID: 29147812 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A Catharanthus roseus mutant accumulates high levels of ajmalicine at the expense of catharanthine and vindoline. The altered chemistry depends on increased expression and biochemical activities of strictosidine β-glucosidase and ajmalicine synthase activities and reduced expression and biochemical activity of geissoschizine synthase. The Madagascar periwinkle [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don] is a commercially important horticultural flower species and is a valuable source for several monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), such as the powerful antihypertensive drug ajmalicine and the antineoplastic agents, vinblastine and vincristine. While biosynthesis of the common MIA precursor strictosidine and its reactive aglycones has been elucidated, the branch point steps leading to the formation of different classes of MIAs remain poorly characterized. Screening of 3600 ethyl methyl sulfonate mutagenized C. roseus plants using a simple thin-layer chromatography screen yielded a mutant (M2-0754) accumulating high levels of ajmalicine together with significantly lower levels of catharanthine and vindoline. Comparative bioinformatic analyses, virus-induced gene silencing, and biochemical characterization identified geissoschizine synthase, the gateway enzyme that controls flux for the formation of iboga and aspidosperma MIAs. The reduction of geissoschizine synthase transcripts in this high ajmalicine mutant, together with increased transcripts and enzyme activities of strictosidine β-glucosidase and of heteroyohimbine synthase, explains the preferential formation of ajmalicine in the mutant instead of catharanthine and vindoline that accumulates in the wild-type parent. Reciprocal crosses established that that the high ajmalicine phenotype is inherited as a Mendelian recessive trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Antje M K Thamm
- Havas Life Bird and Schulte, Urachstrasse 19, 79102, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Czerwinski
- Grain Farmers of Ontario, 679 Southgate Drive, Guelph, ON, N1G 4S2, Canada
| | - Sayaka Masada
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Kyung Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Graham Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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Edge A, Qu Y, Easson MLAE, Thamm AMK, Kim KH, De Luca V. A tabersonine 3-reductase Catharanthus roseus mutant accumulates vindoline pathway intermediates. PLANTA 2018; 247:155-169. [PMID: 28894945 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) have remarkable biological properties that have led to their medical uses for a variety of human diseases. Mutagenesis has been used to generate plants with new alkaloid profiles and a useful screen for rapid comparison of MIA profiles is described. The MIA mutants identified are useful for investigating MIA biosynthesis and for targeted production of these specialised metabolites. The Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is the sole source of the dimeric anticancer monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), 3',4'-anhydrovinblastine and derivatives, which are formed via the coupling of the MIAs, catharanthine and vindoline. While intense efforts to identify parts of the complex pathways involved in the assembly of these dimers have been successful, our understanding of MIA biochemistry in C. roseus remains limited. A simple thin layer chromatography screen of 4000 ethyl methanesulfonate-metagenized M2 plants is described to identify mutant lines with altered MIA profiles. One mutant (M2-1865) accumulated reduced levels of vindoline inside the leaves in favour of high levels of tabersonine-2,3-epoxide and 16-methoxytabersonine-2,3-epoxide on the leaf surface. This MIA profile suggested that changes in tabersonine 3-reductase (T3R) activity might be responsible for the observed phenotype. Molecular cloning of mutant and wild type T3R revealed two nucleotide substitutions at cytosine residues 565 (CAT to TAT) and 903 (ACC to ACA) in the mutant corresponding to substitution (H189Y) and silent (T305T) amino acid mutations, respectively, in the protein. The single amino acid substitution in the mutant T3R protein diminished the biochemical activity of T3R by 95% that explained the reason for the low vindoline phenotype of the mutant. This phenotype was recessive and exhibited standard Mendelian single-gene inheritance. The stable formation and accumulation of epoxides in the M2-1865 mutant provides a dependable biological source of these two MIAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Edge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Michael L A E Easson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knoll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Antje M K Thamm
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kyung Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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Zhu M, Wang C, Sun W, Zhou A, Wang Y, Zhang G, Zhou X, Huo Y, Li C. Boosting 11-oxo-β-amyrin and glycyrrhetinic acid synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via pairing novel oxidation and reduction system from legume plants. Metab Eng 2017; 45:43-50. [PMID: 29196123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and its precursor, 11-oxo-β-amyrin, are typical triterpenoids found in the roots of licorice, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb that exhibits diverse functions and physiological effects. In this study, we developed a novel and highly efficient pathway for the synthesis of GA and 11-oxo-β-amyrin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by introducing efficient cytochrome P450s (CYP450s: Uni25647 and CYP72A63) and pairing their reduction systems from legume plants through transcriptome and genome-wide screening and identification. By increasing the copy number of Uni25647 and pairing cytochrome P450 reductases (CPRs) from various plant sources, the titers of 11-oxo-β-amyrin and GA were increased to 108.1 ± 4.6mg/L and 18.9 ± 2.0mg/L, which were nearly 1422-fold and 946.5-fold higher, respectively, compared with previously reported data. To the best of our knowledge, these are the highest titers reported for GA and 11-oxo-β-amyrin from S. cerevisiae, indicating an encouraging and promising approach for obtaining increased GA and its related triterpenoids without destroying the licorice plant or the soil ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Wentao Sun
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Anqi Zhou
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Genlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yixin Huo
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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A three enzyme system to generate the Strychnos alkaloid scaffold from a central biosynthetic intermediate. Nat Commun 2017; 8:316. [PMID: 28827772 PMCID: PMC5566405 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloids comprise a diverse family of over 2000 plant-produced natural products. This pathway provides an outstanding example of how nature creates chemical diversity from a single precursor, in this case from the intermediate strictosidine. The enzymes that elicit these seemingly disparate products from strictosidine have hitherto been elusive. Here we show that the concerted action of two enzymes commonly involved in natural product metabolism—an alcohol dehydrogenase and a cytochrome P450—produces unexpected rearrangements in strictosidine when assayed simultaneously. The tetrahydro-β-carboline of strictosidine aglycone is converted into akuammicine, a Strychnos alkaloid, an elusive biosynthetic transformation that has been investigated for decades. Importantly, akuammicine arises from deformylation of preakuammicine, which is the central biosynthetic precursor for the anti-cancer agents vinblastine and vincristine, as well as other biologically active compounds. This discovery of how these enzymes can function in combination opens a gateway into a rich family of natural products. The biosynthetic pathway of preakuammicine, a monoterpene precursor of the anti-cancer agent vinblastine, has remained largely unexplored. Here, the authors provide transcriptomic and biochemical data to identify two enzymes that, in tandem, convert strictosidine to akuammicine, the stable shunt product of preakuammicine.
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Wang X, Xia D, Qin W, Zhou R, Zhou X, Zhou Q, Liu W, Dai X, Wang H, Wang S, Tan L, Zhang D, Song H, Liu XY, Qin Y. A Radical Cascade Enabling Collective Syntheses of Natural Products. Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu J, Cai J, Wang R, Yang S. Transcriptional Regulation and Transport of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid in Catharanthus roseus: Exploration of New Research Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010053. [PMID: 28036025 PMCID: PMC5297688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the model medicinal plants for exploration of biochemical pathways and molecular biological questions on complex metabolic pathways, Catharanthus roseus synthesizes more than 100 terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) used for clinical treatment of various diseases and for new drug discovery. Given that extensive studies have revealed the major metabolic pathways and the spatial-temporal biosynthesis of TIA in C. roseus plant, little is known about subcellular and inter-cellular trafficking or long-distance transport of TIA end products or intermediates, as well as their regulation. While these transport processes are indispensable for multi-organelle, -tissue and -cell biosynthesis, storage and their functions, great efforts have been made to explore these dynamic cellular processes. Progress has been made in past decades on transcriptional regulation of TIA biosynthesis by transcription factors as either activators or repressors; recent studies also revealed several transporters involved in subcellular and inter-cellular TIA trafficking. However, many details and the regulatory network for controlling the tissue-or cell-specific biosynthesis, transport and storage of serpentine and ajmalicine in root, catharanthine in leaf and root, vindoline specifically in leaf and vinblastine and vincristine only in green leaf and their biosynthetic intermediates remain to be determined. This review is to summarize the progress made in biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation and transport of TIAs. Based on analysis of organelle, tissue and cell-type specific biosynthesis and progresses in transport and trafficking of similar natural products, the transporters that might be involved in transport of TIAs and their synthetic intermediates are discussed; according to transcriptome analysis and bioinformatic approaches, the transcription factors that might be involved in TIA biosynthesis are analyzed. Further discussion is made on a broad context of transcriptional and transport regulation in order to guide our future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- College of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130047, China.
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Junjun Cai
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Shihai Yang
- College of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130047, China.
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