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Zhang WH, Cao KX, Ding ZB, Yang JL, Pan BX, Xue YX. Role of prefrontal cortex in the extinction of drug memories. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:463-477. [PMID: 30392133 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been recognized that drug addiction engages aberrant process of learning and memory, and substantial studies have focused on developing effective treatment to erase the enduring drug memories to reduce the propensity to relapse. Extinction, a behavioral intervention exposing the individuals to the drug-associated cues repeatedly, can weaken the craving and relapse induced by drug-associated cues, but its clinic efficacy is limited. A clear understanding of the neuronal circuitry and molecular mechanism underlying extinction of drug memory will facilitate the successful use of extinction therapy in clinic. As a key component of mesolimbic system, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has received particular attention largely in that PFC stands at the core of neural circuits for memory extinction and manipulating mPFC influences extinction of drug memories and subsequent relapse. Here, we review the recent advances in both animal models of drug abuse and human addicted patients toward the understanding of the mechanistic link between mPFC and drug memory, with particular emphasis on how mPFC contributes to the extinction of drug memory at levels ranging from neuronal architecture, synaptic plasticity to molecular signaling and epigenetic regulation, and discuss the clinic relevance of manipulating the extinction process of drug memory to prevent craving and relapse through enhancing mPFC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Zhang
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Ke-Xin Cao
- Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China.,National Institute on Drug Dependence, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zeng-Bo Ding
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jian-Li Yang
- Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Bing-Xing Pan
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Yan-Xue Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of Ministry of Education and Neuroscience, National Health and Family Planning Commision, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Konova AB, Parvaz MA, Bernstein V, Zilverstand A, Moeller SJ, Delgado MR, Alia-Klein N, Goldstein RZ. Neural mechanisms of extinguishing drug and pleasant cue associations in human addiction: role of the VMPFC. Addict Biol 2019; 24:88-99. [PMID: 28872745 PMCID: PMC5837898 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The neurobiological mechanisms that underlie the resistance of drug cue associations to extinction in addiction remain unknown. Fear extinction critically depends on the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). Here, we tested if this same region plays a role in extinction of non-fear, drug and pleasant cue associations. Eighteen chronic cocaine users and 15 matched controls completed three functional MRI scans. Participants first learned to associate an abstract cue (the conditioned stimulus, CS) with a drug-related (CSD+ ) or pleasant (CSP+ ) image. Extinction immediately followed where each CS was repeatedly presented without the corresponding image. Participants underwent a second identical session 24 hours later to assess retention of extinction learning. Results showed that like fear extinction, non-fear-based extinction relies on the VMPFC. However, extinction-related changes in the VMPFC differed by cue valence and diagnosis. In controls, VMPFC activation to the CSD+ (which was unpleasant for participants) gradually increased as in fear extinction, while it decreased to the CSP+ , consistent with a more general role of the VMPFC in flexible value updating. Supporting a specific role in extinction retention, we further observed a cross-day association between VMPFC activation and skin conductance, a classic index of conditioned responses. Finally, cocaine users showed VMPFC abnormalities for both CSs, which, in the case of the CSD+ , correlated with craving. These data suggest a global deficit in extinction learning in this group that may hinder extinction-based treatment efforts. More broadly, these data show that the VMPFC, when functionally intact, supports extinction learning in diverse contexts in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Konova
- Center for Neural Science; New York University; New York NY USA
| | - Muhammad A. Parvaz
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY USA
| | - Vladimir Bernstein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY USA
| | - Anna Zilverstand
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY USA
| | - Scott J. Moeller
- Department of Psychiatry; Stony Brook University School of Medicine; Stony Brook NY USA
| | | | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY USA
| | - Rita Z. Goldstein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY USA
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53
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Chen JY, Cao JP, Wang YC, Li SQ, Wang ZZ. A New Measure for Assessing the Intensity of Addiction Memory in Illicit Drug Users: The Addiction Memory Intensity Scale. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7120467. [PMID: 30469500 PMCID: PMC6306924 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupting the process of memory reconsolidation could be a promising treatment for addiction. However, its application may be constrained by the intensity of addiction memory. This study aimed to develop and initially validate a new measure, the Addiction Memory Intensity Scale (AMIS), for assessing the intensity of addiction memory in illicit drug users. Two studies were conducted in China for item analysis (n = 345) and initial validation (n = 1550) of the AMIS. The nine-item AMIS was found to have two factors (labelled Visual Clarity and Other Sensory Intensity), which accounted for 64.11% of the total variance. The two-factor structure provided a reasonable fit for sample data and was invariant across groups of different genders and different primary drugs of use. Significant correlations were found between scores on the AMIS and the measures of craving. The AMIS and its factors showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α: 0.72⁻0.89) and test-retest reliability (r: 0.72⁻0.80). These results suggest that the AMIS, which demonstrates an advantage as it is brief and easy to administer, is a reliable and valid tool for measuring the intensity of addiction memory in illicit drug users, and has the potential to be useful in future clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Jie-Pin Cao
- Tongji Research Centre of Mental Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Yun-Cui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Shuai-Qi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Tongji Research Centre of Mental Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Zeng-Zhen Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Tongji Research Centre of Mental Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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54
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Liu JF, Seaman R, Siemian JN, Bhimani R, Johnson B, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Hoener MC, Park J, Dietz DM, Li JX. Role of trace amine-associated receptor 1 in nicotine's behavioral and neurochemical effects. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2435-2444. [PMID: 29472642 PMCID: PMC6180004 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine addiction and abuse remains a global health issue. To date, the fundamental neurobiological mechanism of nicotine addiction remains incompletely understood. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is thought to directly modulate dopaminergic system and are thought to be a neural substrate underlying addictive-like behaviors. We aimed to investigate the role of TAAR1 in nicotine addictive-like behaviors. TAAR1 expression after nicotine treatment was evaluated by western blotting. c-Fos immunofluorescence and in vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry were used to examine the activation of brain regions and dopamine release, respectively. We then thoroughly and systematically examined the role of TAAR1 in mediating nicotine-induced sensitization, nicotine discrimination, nicotine self-administration, nicotine demand curve, and the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking. Local pharmacological manipulation was conducted to determine the role of TAAR1 in the nucleus accumbens (NAcs) in the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking. We found that the expression of TAAR1 protein was selectively downregulated in the NAc, with no change in either dorsal striatum or prefrontal cortex. TAAR1 activation was sufficient to block nicotine-induced c-Fos expression in the NAc, while also reducing nicotine-induced dopamine release in the NAc. Systemic administration of TAAR1 agonists attenuated the expression and development of nicotine-induced sensitization, nicotine self-administration, the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking, and increased the elasticity of nicotine demand curve, while intra-NAc infusions of a TAAR1 agonist was sufficient to attenuate nicotine reinstatement. Moreover, TAAR1-knockout rats showed augmented cue-induced and drug-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking. These results indicated that modulation of TAAR1 activity regulates nicotine addictive-like behaviors and TAAR1 represents a novel target towards the treatment of nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Liu
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Program in Neuroscience, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA ,0000 0000 9530 8833grid.260483.bSchool of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, China
| | - Robert Seaman
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Program in Neuroscience, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Justin N. Siemian
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Program in Neuroscience, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Rohan Bhimani
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Bernard Johnson
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Program in Neuroscience, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Yanan Zhang
- 0000000100301493grid.62562.35Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
| | - Qing Zhu
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Program in Neuroscience, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA ,0000 0000 9530 8833grid.260483.bSchool of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, China
| | - Marius C. Hoener
- 0000 0004 0374 1269grid.417570.0Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Disease DTA, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jinwoo Park
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - David M. Dietz
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Program in Neuroscience, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Program in Neuroscience, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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55
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de Wit H, Epstein DH, Preston KL. Does human language limit translatability of clinical and preclinical addiction research? Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1985-1988. [PMID: 29844475 PMCID: PMC6098131 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - David H. Epstein
- 0000 0004 0533 7147grid.420090.fIntramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kenzie L. Preston
- 0000 0004 0533 7147grid.420090.fIntramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD USA
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56
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Exton-McGuinness MTJ, Milton AL. Reconsolidation blockade for the treatment of addiction: challenges, new targets, and opportunities. Learn Mem 2018; 25:492-500. [PMID: 30115771 PMCID: PMC6097762 DOI: 10.1101/lm.046771.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder. The progression to pathological drug-seeking is thought to be driven by maladaptive learning processes which store and maintain associative memory, linking drug highs with cues and actions in the environment. These memories can encode Pavlovian associations which link predictive stimuli (e.g., people, places, and paraphernalia) with a hedonic drug high, as well as instrumental learning about the actions required to obtain drug-associated incentives. Learned memories are not permanent however, and much recent interest has been generated in exploiting the process of reconsolidation to erase or significantly weaken maladaptive memories to treat several mental health disorders, including addictions. Normally reconsolidation serves to update and maintain the adaptive relevance of memories, however administration of amnestic agents within the critical "reconsolidation window" can weaken or even erase maladaptive memories. Here we discuss recent advances in the field, including ongoing efforts to translate preclinical reconsolidation research in animal models into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy L Milton
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
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57
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Liu JF, Tian J, Li JX. Modulating reconsolidation and extinction to regulate drug reward memory. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2503-2512. [PMID: 30113098 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is an aberrant memory that shares the same memory processes as other memories. Brief exposure to drug-associated cues could result in reconsolidation, a hypothetical process during which original memory could be updated. In contrast, longer exposure times to drug-associated cues could trigger extinction, a process that decreases the conditioned responding. In this review, we discuss the pharmacological and non-pharmacological manipulations on the reconsolidation and extinction that could be used to interfere with drug reward memories. Pharmacological agents such as β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol can interfere with reconsolidation to disrupt drug reward memory. Pharmacological agents such as the NMDA receptor glycine site agonists d-cycloserine and d-serine can facilitate extinction and then attenuate the expression of drug reward memory. Besides pharmacological interventions, drug-free behavioral approaches by utilizing the reconsolidation and extinction, such as 'post-retrieval extinction' and 'UCS-retrieval extinction', are also effective to erase or inhibit the recall of drug reward memory. Taken together, pharmacological modulation and non-pharmacological modulation of reconsolidation and extinction are promising approaches to regulate drug reward memory and prevent relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Jingwei Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.,School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
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58
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Kredlow MA, Orr SP, Otto MW. Exploring the boundaries of post-retrieval extinction in healthy and anxious individuals. Behav Res Ther 2018; 108:45-57. [PMID: 29981938 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Over a dozen studies have examined the efficacy of post-retrieval extinction (PRE) in healthy adults in the fear conditioning laboratory, with a recent meta-analysis reporting an overall small-moderate effect on attenuating the return of fear compared to standard extinction. The current study was designed to extend PRE effects to a mixed sample of healthy and anxious individuals, explore potential moderators, and examine the benefit of PRE for a memory conditioned over multiple days. Healthy (n = 49) and anxious (n = 43) adults received either one day of acquisition followed by PRE, one day of acquisition followed by extinction, or three days of acquisition followed by PRE. Comparing participants who received one day of acquisition followed by PRE or extinction, no significant effect of PRE was observed on differential skin conductance response reinstatement or reactivity to the conditioned stimulus alone. Anxiety symptoms did not moderate outcomes. There was no difference in return of fear for anxious participants who received three days of acquisition followed by PRE versus one day of acquisition followed by PRE. These results further highlight the variability of findings in the PRE literature and need for further examination of individual difference factors that may moderate PRE effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alexandra Kredlow
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon Street, 5th Floor, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - Scott P Orr
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, East Building 120 -2nd Avenue, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States.
| | - Michael W Otto
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon Street, 5th Floor, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
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59
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Profile of Dr. Lin Lu. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:622-624. [PMID: 29752579 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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60
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Yang P, Tao R, He C, Liu S, Wang Y, Zhang X. The Risk Factors of the Alcohol Use Disorders-Through Review of Its Comorbidities. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:303. [PMID: 29867316 PMCID: PMC5958183 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) represent a severe, world-wide problem, and are usually comorbid with psychiatric disorders, comorbidity increases the risks associated with AUDs, and results in more serious consequences for patients. However, currently the underlying mechanisms of comorbid psychiatric disorders in AUDs are not clear. Studies investigating comorbidity could help us understand the neural mechanisms of AUDs. In this review, we explore three comorbidities in AUDs, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), and personality disorders (PDs). They are all co-morbidities of AUDs with rate of 33.7, 28, and 50–70%, respectively. The rate is significantly higher than other diseases. Therefore we review and analyze relevant literature to explore whether these three diseases are the risk factors of AUDs, focusing on studies assessing cognitive function and those using neural imaging. We found that memory deficits, impairment of cognitive control, negative emotion, and impulsivity may increase an individual's vulnerability to AUDs. This comorbidity may indicate the neural basis of AUDs and reveal characteristics associated with different types of comorbidity, leading to further development of new treatment approaches for AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Chaohu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Tao
- Department of Substance-Related Disorders, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Chengsen He
- Department of Medical Psychology, Chaohu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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61
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Wu M, Hu M, Tong H, Liu J, Jiang H, Zhang M, Su L, Li M, Feng Y, Cheng B. Regulatory mechanism of ulinastatin on autophagy of macrophages and renal tubular epithelial cells. OPEN CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Kidney ischemia and hypoxia can cause renal cell apoptosis and activation of inflammatory cells, which lead to the release of inflammatory factors and ultimately result in the damage of kidney tissue and the whole body. Renal tubular cell and macrophage autophagy can reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby reducing the activation of inflammatory cytoplasm and its key effector protein, caspase-1, which reduces the expression of IL-1β and IL-18 and other inflammatory factors. Ulinastatin (UTI), as a glycoprotein drug, inhibits the activity of multiple proteases and reduces myocardial damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion by upregulating autophagy. However, it can be raised by macrophage autophagy, reduce the production of ROS, and ultimately reduce the expression of inflammatory mediators, thereby reducing renal cell injury, promote renal function recovery is not clear. In this study, a series of cell experiments have shown that ulinastatin is reduced by regulating the autophagy of renal tubular epithelial cells and macrophages to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-1), and then, increase the activity of the cells under the sugar oxygen deprivation model. The simultaneous use of cellular autophagy agonists Rapamycin (RAPA) and ulinastatin has a synergistic effect on the production of reactive oxygen species and the expression of inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine , ShenZhen No.2 People’s Hospital , Shenzhen 518035 , China
- Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , China
| | - Min Hu
- Emergency Department, Changhai Hospital , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Huansheng Tong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou School of Clinical Medicine , Southern Medical University (Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region) , Guangzhou 510010 , China
| | - Junying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology , Shen Zhen No.2 People’s Hospital , Shenzhen 518035 , China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine , ShenZhen No.2 People’s Hospital , Shenzhen 518035 , China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine , The People’ Hospital of Qin Yuan , Qin Yuan 511500 , China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou School of Clinical Medicine , Southern Medical University (Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region) , Guangzhou 510010 , China
| | - Mingli Li
- Department of interventional therapy , Shen Zhen No.2 People’s Hospital , Shenzhen 518035 , P.R. China
| | - Yongwen Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine , ShenZhen No.2 People’s Hospital , Shenzhen 518035 , China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou School of Clinical Medicine , Southern Medical University (Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region) , Guangzhou 510010 , China
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62
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Liu X, Tian L, Cui R, Ruan H, Li X. Muscarinic receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell play different roles in context-induced or morphine-challenged expression of behavioral sensitization in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 819:51-57. [PMID: 29196177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Both drug-related cues and drug priming are the main factors that induce relapse of drug addiction. Previous research has reported that blockade of the muscarinic receptors could significantly depress addictive behavior, suggesting that the muscarinic receptors might be involved in drug use and relapse behavior. The nucleus accumbens (NAc), especially the shell of the NAc, where the muscarinic receptors are expressed, is critical for craving and relapse. This study investigated the effects of microinfusion of the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine into the NAc shell on context- and morphine-induced expression of behavioral sensitization. Behavioral sensitization was established by exposure to 5mg/kg morphine once daily for five consecutive days. Expression of behavioral sensitization was induced by saline challenge or 5mg/kg morphine challenge. The results showed that: (a) the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine (10.8μg/rat) microinjected into the NAc shell blocked expression of conditional sensitization; (b) acetylcholinesterase inhibitor huperzine-A (0.5 and 0.1μg/rat), but not scopolamine (10.8μg/rat), microinjected into the NAc shell blocked morphine-induced expression of sensitization; and (c) pre-infusion of scopolamine (10.8μg/rat) reversed the inhibitory effect of huperzine-A (0.5μg/rat) on morphine-induced sensitization. Our findings suggest that muscarinic receptors in the NAc shell play different roles in context-induced and morphine-challenged expression of behavioral sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lin Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruisi Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Heng Ruan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinwang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China.
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63
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Effects of prediction error on post-retrieval extinction of fear to compound stimuli. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2018. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2018.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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64
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Gray R, Budden-Potts D, Bourke F. Reconsolidation of Traumatic Memories for PTSD: A randomized controlled trial of 74 male veterans. Psychother Res 2017; 29:621-639. [PMID: 29241423 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2017.1408973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Design: A randomized waitlist-controlled design (n = 74) examined the efficacy of Reconsolidation of Traumatic Memories (RTM) among male veterans with current-month flashbacks and nightmares. Volunteers were randomly assigned to immediate treatment (three 120-minute sessions of RTM), or to a 3-week waiting condition before receiving the RTM treatment. Blinded psychometricians evaluated the symptoms at intake, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks post. Wait-listed participants were re-evaluated and then treated. Sixty-five volunteers completed the treatment. Results: Of those treated, 46 (71%) lost DSM diagnosis for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by one of the following definitions: 42 persons (65%) were in complete remission (PTSD Symptom Scale Interview (PSS-I) ≤ 20 and DSM criteria not met). Four others (6%) lost the DSM diagnosis or were otherwise sub-clinical by dichotomous criteria (PSS-I < 20 and absence of flashbacks and nightmares) but non-ambiguous on the PTSD Checklist Military Version measures. Within-group RTM effect sizes (Hedges' g) for PSS-I score changes ranged from 1.45 to 2.3. The between-group comparison between the treatment group and the untreated controls was significant (p < .001) with an effect size equivalent to two standard deviations (g = 2.13; 95% CI [1.56, 2.70]). Patient satisfaction with the intervention was high. Conclusions: RTM shows promise as a brief, cost-effective intervention for PTSD characterized primarily by intrusive symptoms. Clinical or methodological significance of this article: The article provides evidence to support a fast (5 hours or fewer) robust intervention for PTSD characterized by intrusive symptoms including current-month flashbacks, nightmares, and accompanied by sympathetic arousal in response to trauma narratives. The intervention is well tolerated and has demonstrated efficacy up to one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gray
- a The Research and Recognition Project , Corning , NY , USA
| | | | - Frank Bourke
- a The Research and Recognition Project , Corning , NY , USA
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Zhu H, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Chen X, Li Y, Liu X, Ma L. β1-Adrenoceptor in the Central Amygdala Is Required for Unconditioned Stimulus-Induced Drug Memory Reconsolidation. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 21:267-280. [PMID: 29216351 PMCID: PMC5838817 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug memories become labile and reconsolidated after retrieval by presentation of environmental cues (conditioned stimulus) or drugs (unconditioned stimulus). Whether conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus retrieval trigger different memory reconsolidation processes is not clear. METHODS Protein synthesis inhibitor or β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonist was systemically administrated or intra-central amygdala infused immediately after cocaine reexposure in cocaine-conditioned place preference or self-administration mice models. β-ARs were selectively knocked out in the central amygdala to further confirm the role of β-adrenergic receptor in cocaine reexposure-induced memory reconsolidation of cocaine-conditioned place preference. RESULTS Cocaine reexposure triggered de novo protein synthesis dependent memory reconsolidation of cocaine-conditioned place preference. Cocaine-priming-induced reinstatement was also impaired with post cocaine retrieval manipulation, in contrast to the relapse behavior with post context retrieval manipulation. Cocaine retrieval, but not context retrieval, induced central amygdala activation. Protein synthesis inhibitor or β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist infused in the central amygdala after cocaine retrieval, but not context retrieval, inhibited memory reconsolidation and reinstatement. β1-adrenergic receptor knockout in the central amygdala suppressed cocaine retrieval-triggered memory reconsolidation and reinstatement of cocaine conditioned place preference. β1-adrenergic receptor antagonism after cocaine retrieval also impaired reconsolidation and reinstatement of cocaine self-administration. CONCLUSIONS Cocaine reward memory triggered by unconditioned stimulus retrieval is distinct from conditioned stimulus retrieval. Unconditioned stimulus retrieval induced reconsolidation of cocaine reward memory depends on β1-adrenergic signaling in the central amygdala. Post unconditioned stimulus retrieval manipulation can prevent drug memory reconsolidation and relapse to cocaine, thus providing a potential strategy for the prevention of substance addiction. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is well known that drug memories become labile and reconsolidated upon retrieval by the presentation of conditioned stimulus (CS) or unconditioned stimulus (US). Whether CS and US retrieval trigger different memory reconsolidation processes is unknown. In this study, we found that US retrieval, but not CS retrieval, triggered memory reconsolidation of cocaine-conditioned place preference dependent on β1-AR and de novo protein synthesis in the central amygdala. Furthermore, cocaine priming-induced reinstatement was impaired with post US retrieval manipulation in contrast to the relapse behavior with post CS retrieval manipulation. In cocaine self-administration, β1-AR antagonism after US retrieval also impaired reconsolidation and reinstatement. Our study indicates that reconsolidation of cocaine reward memory triggered by US retrieval is distinct from CS retrieval. US retrieval induced reconsolidation of cocaine reward memory depends on β1-adrenergic signaling in the central amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, and Pharmacology Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, and Pharmacology Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, and Pharmacology Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, and Pharmacology Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, and Pharmacology Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, and Pharmacology Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Correspondence: Lan Ma, PhD, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, China; Xing Liu, MD, Pharmacology Research Center, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, China (; )
| | - Lan Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, and Pharmacology Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Correspondence: Lan Ma, PhD, The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, China; Xing Liu, MD, Pharmacology Research Center, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, China (; )
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Selective Inhibition of Amygdala Neuronal Ensembles Encoding Nicotine-Associated Memories Inhibits Nicotine Preference and Relapse. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82. [PMID: 28648649 PMCID: PMC6192421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine craving and relapse often occurs after reactivation of nicotine reward memories. We recently developed a memory retrieval-reconsolidation interference procedure in which reactivating nicotine reward memories by acute exposure to nicotine (the unconditioned stimulus [UCS]) and then pharmacologically interfering with memory reconsolidation decreased relapse to nicotine seeking in rats and nicotine craving in smokers. Here, we investigated underlying mechanisms. METHODS In the first series of experiments, we trained rats for nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) or nicotine self-administration and ventricularly microinjected them with the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin immediately after UCS-induced memory retrieval. In the second series of experiments, we used tyramide-amplified immunohistochemistry-fluorescence in situ hybridization to examine neural ensembles in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) reactivated by nicotine conditioned stimulus- or UCS-induced memory retrieval. We then used the Daun02 chemogenetic inactivation procedure to selectively inhibit the nicotine UCS-reactivated BLA neuronal ensembles. RESULTS Ventricular injections of the anisomycin immediately after nicotine UCS memory retrieval inhibited subsequent nicotine CPP and relapse to operant nicotine seeking after short or prolonged abstinence. More important, within BLA, distinct neuronal ensembles encoded pavlovian CPP and operant self-administration reward memories and nicotine (the UCS) injections in the home cage reactivated both neuronal ensembles. Daun02 chemogenetic inactivation of the nicotine-reactivated ensembles inhibited both nicotine CPP and relapse to nicotine seeking. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate that the nicotine UCS-induced memory retrieval manipulation reactivates multiple nicotine reward memories that are encoded by distinct BLA neuronal ensembles that play a role in nicotine preference and relapse.
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Solway A, Gu X, Montague PR. Forgetting to Be Addicted: Reconsolidation and the Disconnection of Things Past. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:774-775. [PMID: 29110816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alec Solway
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.
| | - Xiaosi Gu
- Center for Brain Health, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - P Read Montague
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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68
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Gong L, Jiang C, Liu L, Wan S, Tan W, Ma S, Jia X, Wang M, Hu A, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Wang F, Chen Y. Transfection of neurotrophin-3 into neural stem cells using ultrasound with microbubbles to treat denervated muscle atrophy. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:620-626. [PMID: 29403547 PMCID: PMC5780738 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) has potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of patients with denervated muscle atrophy. However, the endogenous secretion of NT-3 is low and exogenous NT-3 lacks sufficient time to accumulate due to its short half-life. The transfection of NT-3 has been demonstrated to have a beneficial effect on denervated muscle and motor endplates. Neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiate into neurons and form motor endplate nerve-muscle connections. It has been previously demonstrated that local and noninvasive transfection can be performed using ultrasound with microbubbles (MBs). In the current study, hematoxylin and eosin, acetylcholinesterase and gold chloride staining, as well as transmission electron microscopy, were performed to verify the effects of this treatment strategy. The results demonstrated that using ultrasound with MBs for the transfection of NT-3 into NSCs, and their subsequent transplantation in vivo, attenuated the atrophy of denervated muscle and reduced motor endplate degeneration. This noninvasive, efficient and targeted treatment strategy may therefore be a potential treatment for patients with denervated muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gong
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Changqing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Shengxiang Wan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Wen Tan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Sushuang Ma
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojian Jia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.,Shenzhen Kangning Hospital & Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Meiwei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Azhen Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.,Shenzhen Kangning Hospital & Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China.,Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, P.R. China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
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Hu D, Yu ZL, Zhang Y, Han Y, Zhang W, Lu L, Shi J. Bumetanide treatment during early development rescues maternal separation-induced susceptibility to stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11878. [PMID: 28928398 PMCID: PMC5605528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is a major risk factor for psychiatric disorders, such as depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia. Early life stress, such as maternal separation, can have long-term effects on the development of the central nervous system and pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. In the present study, we found that maternal separation increased the susceptibility to stress in adolescent rats, increased the expression of Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) on postnatal day 14, and increased the expression of K+/2Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2) and γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor subunits on postnatal day 40 in the hippocampus. NKCC1 inhibition by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drug bumetanide during the first two postnatal weeks rescued the depressive- and anxiety-like behavior that was induced by maternal separation and decreased the expression of NKCC1, KCC2 and GABAA receptor α1 and β2,3 subunits in the hippocampus. Bumetanide treatment during early development did not adversely affect body weight or normal behaviors in naive rats, or affect serum osmolality in adult rats. These results suggest that bumetanide treatment during early development may prevent the maternal separation-induced susceptibility to stress and impairments in GABAergic transmission in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Hu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhou-Long Yu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin Lu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Healthy, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Methamphetamine abuse impairs motor cortical plasticity and function. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1274-1281. [PMID: 28831198 PMCID: PMC5582165 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to addictive drugs triggers synaptic plasticity in reward-related brain regions, such as the midbrain, nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex. Effects of chronic drug exposure on other brain areas have not been fully investigated. Here, we characterize synaptic plasticity in motor cortex after methamphetamine self-administration in rats. We show that this causes a loss of corticostriatal plasticity in rat brain slices and impaired motor learning in the rotarod task. These findings are paralleled by the observation of a lack of transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced potentiation or depression of motor evoked potentials in human patients with addiction, along with poor performance in rotary pursuit task. Taken together, our results suggest that chronic methamphetamine use can affect behavioral performance via drug-evoked synaptic plasticity occluding physiological motor learning.
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71
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Huang B, Zhu H, Zhou Y, Liu X, Ma L. Unconditioned- and Conditioned- Stimuli Induce Differential Memory Reconsolidation and β-AR-Dependent CREB Activation. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:53. [PMID: 28848401 PMCID: PMC5554378 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Consolidated long-term fear memories become labile and reconsolidated upon retrieval by the presentation of conditioned stimulus (CS) or unconditioned stimulus (US). Whether CS-retrieval or US-retrieval will trigger different memory reconsolidation processes is unknown. In this study, we introduced a sequential fear conditioning paradigm in which footshock (FS) was paired with two distinct sounds (CS-A and CS-B). The treatment with propranolol, a β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonist, after US (FS)-retrieval impaired freezing behavior evoked by either CS-A or CS-B. Betaxolol, a selective β1-AR antagonist, showed similar effects. However, propranolol treatment after retrieval by one CS (e.g., CS-A) only inhibited freezing behavior evoked by the same CS (i.e., CS-A), not the other CS (CS-B). These data suggest that β-AR is critically involved in reconsolidation of fear memory triggered by US- and CS-retrieval, whereas β-AR blockade after US-retrieval disrupts more CS-US associations than CS-retrieval does. Furthermore, significant CREB activation in almost the whole amygdala and hippocampus was observed after US-retrieval, but CS-retrieval only stimulated CREB activation in the lateral amygdala and the CA3 of hippocampus. In addition, propranolol treatment suppressed memory retrieval-induced CREB activation. These data indicate that US-retrieval activates more memory traces than CS-retrieval does, leading to memory reconsolidation of more CS-US associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Translational Neuroscience, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Huiwen Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Translational Neuroscience, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Translational Neuroscience, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Translational Neuroscience, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lan Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Translational Neuroscience, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
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Garcinol Blocks the Reconsolidation of Multiple Cocaine-Paired Cues after a Single Cocaine-Reactivation Session. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1884-1892. [PMID: 28169286 PMCID: PMC5520782 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Manipulations of memory reconsolidation can interfere with the ability of a drug-paired cue to drive drug-seeking behavior. However, the typical reconsolidation paradigm that reactivates the memory through the presentation of the cue (conditioned stimulus (CS)) only interferes with the memory of the reactivated CS while leaving other drug-paired CSs intact and able to continue driving drug-seeking behavior. Here, we used a novel unconditioned-stimulus (US) reactivation paradigm to interfere with the ability of multiple cues to drive drug-seeking behavior after just one reactivation and treatment session. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine, during which time each active lever press resulted in an i.v. cocaine infusion paired with one of two cues that alternated within each session. The drug memory was later reactivated with either i.v. or i.p. cocaine presentation in the absence of any cue. The histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor garcinol or vehicle was injected following US reactivation to impair reconsolidation. Rats were later tested on cue-induced reinstatement to both cues. Garcinol administered after either i.v. or i.p. cocaine reactivation significantly decreased cue-induced reinstatement to both cues, indicative of reconsolidation impairment. In addition, garcinol administered in the absence of reconsolidation or at a 6 h delay when the memory should be restabilized had no effect on reinstatement, further suggesting that garcinol's effects on reinstatement are through reconsolidation-based mechanisms. Our results demonstrate that a US-reactivation paradigm may be preferable to traditional CS-reactivation paradigms for treating disorders that involve multiple CS-US associations and support investigations of garcinol as a therapeutic pharmacological agent.
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73
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Lee JLC, Nader K, Schiller D. An Update on Memory Reconsolidation Updating. Trends Cogn Sci 2017; 21:531-545. [PMID: 28495311 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The reactivation of a stored memory in the brain can make the memory transiently labile. During the time it takes for the memory to restabilize (reconsolidate) the memory can either be reduced by an amnesic agent or enhanced by memory enhancers. The change in memory expression is related to changes in the brain correlates of long-term memory. Many have suggested that such retrieval-induced plasticity is ideally placed to enable memories to be updated with new information. This hypothesis has been tested experimentally, with a translational perspective, by attempts to update maladaptive memories to reduce their problematic impact. We review here progress on reconsolidation updating studies, highlighting their translational exploitation and addressing recent challenges to the reconsolidation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L C Lee
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Karim Nader
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Department of Psychology,1205 Dr Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada.
| | - Daniela Schiller
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Gao XJ, Yuan K, Cao L, Yan W, Luo YX, Jian M, Liu JF, Fang Q, Wang JS, Han Y, Shi J, Lu L. AMPK signaling in the nucleus accumbens core mediates cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1038. [PMID: 28432301 PMCID: PMC5430902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse to drug seeking can be caused by exposure to drug-associated cues, provoking drug craving even after prolonged abstinence. Recent studies demonstrated that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates neuronal morphology and membrane excitability in neurons. Here, we investigated the role of AMPK activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in relapse to cocaine seeking. We found that exposure to drug-related cues reinstated cocaine-seeking behavior and increased AMPK and p70s6k phosphorylation in the NAc core but not shell. Augmenting AMPK activity by intra-NAc core infusions of the AMPK activator 5-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR) or adenovirus expressing constitutively active subunits of AMPK decreased cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking and inhibited the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathways. In contrast, inhibition of AMPK activity by intra-NAc core infusions of the AMPK inhibitor compound C or adenovirus expressing dominant-negative subunits of AMPK increased cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking and enhanced mTORC1 and ERK1/2 activity. The regulation of AMPK activity in the NAc shell had no effect on cue-induced cocaine seeking. Altogether, these results indicate that AMPK activity in the NAc core is critical for the cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking, which may be mediated by mTORC1 and ERK1/2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jiao Gao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmacy of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Yan
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xiao Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Jian
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Qin Fang
- Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmacy of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ji-Shi Wang
- Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmacy of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lin Lu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Xue YX, Deng JH, Chen YY, Zhang LB, Wu P, Huang GD, Luo YX, Bao YP, Wang YM, Shaham Y, Shi J, Lu L. Effect of Selective Inhibition of Reactivated Nicotine-Associated Memories With Propranolol on Nicotine Craving. JAMA Psychiatry 2017; 74:224-232. [PMID: 28146250 PMCID: PMC6201291 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE A relapse into nicotine addiction during abstinence often occurs after the reactivation of nicotine reward memories, either by acute exposure to nicotine (a smoking episode) or by smoking-associated conditioned stimuli (CS). Preclinical studies suggest that drug reward memories can undergo memory reconsolidation after being reactivated, during which they can be weakened or erased by pharmacological or behavioral manipulations. However, translational clinical studies using CS-induced memory retrieval-reconsolidation procedures to decrease drug craving reported inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE To develop and test an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)-induced retrieval-reconsolidation procedure to decrease nicotine craving among people who smoke. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A translational rat study and human study in an academic outpatient medical center among 96 male smokers (aged 18- 45 years) to determine the association of propranolol administration within the time window of memory reconsolidation (after retrieval of the nicotine-associated memories by nicotine UCS exposure) with relapse to nicotine-conditioned place preference (CPP) and operant nicotine seeking in rats, and measures of preference to nicotine-associated CS and nicotine craving among people who smoke. INTERVENTION The study rats were injected noncontingently with the UCS (nicotine 0.15 mg/kg, subcutaneous) in their home cage, and the human study participants administered a dose of propranolol (40 mg, per os; Zhongnuo Pharma). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Nicotine CPP and operant nicotine seeking in rats, and preference and craving ratings for newly learned and preexisting real-life nicotine-associated CS among people who smoke. RESULTS Sixty-nine male smokers completed the experiment and were included for statistical analysis: 24 in the group that received placebo plus 1 hour plus UCS, 23 who received propranolol plus 1 hour plus UCS, and 22 who received UCS plus 6 hours plus propranolol. In rat relapse models, propranolol injections administered immediately after nicotine UCS-induced memory retrieval inhibited subsequent nicotine CPP and operant nicotine seeking after short (CPP, d = 1.72, 95% CI, 0.63-2.77; operant seeking, d = 1.61, 95% CI, 0.59-2.60) or prolonged abstinence (CPP, d = 1.46, 95% CI, 0.42-2.47; operant seeking: d = 1.69, 95% CI, 0.66-2.69), as well as nicotine priming-induced reinstatement of nicotine CPP (d = 1.28, 95% CI, 0.27-2.26) and operant nicotine seeking (d = 1.61, 95% CI, 0.59-2.60) after extinction. Among the smokers, oral propranolol administered prior to nicotine UCS-induced memory retrieval decreased subsequent nicotine preference induced by newly learned nicotine CS (CS1, Cohen d = 0.61, 95% CI, 0.02-1.19 and CS2, d = 0.69, 95% CI, 0.10-1.28, respectively), preexisting nicotine CS (d = 0.57, 95% CI, -0.02 to 1.15), and nicotine priming (CS1, d = 0.82, 95% CI, 0.22-1.41 and CS2, d = 0.78, 95% CI, 0.18-1.37, respectively; preexisting nicotine CS, d = 0.92, 95% CI, 0.31-1.52), as well as nicotine craving induced by the preexisting nicotine CS (d = 0.64, 95% CI, 0.05-1.22), and nicotine priming (d = 1.15, 95% CI, 0.52-1.76). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In rat-to-human translational study, a novel UCS-induced memory retrieval-reconsolidation interference procedure inhibited nicotine craving induced by exposure to diverse nicotine-associated CS and nicotine itself. This procedure should be studied further in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xue Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Hui Deng
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China2Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Yun Chen
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China2Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Bo Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Geng-Di Huang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xiao Luo
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China2Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ping Bao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China2Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Peking University, Beijing, China3National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China5Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
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76
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Meir Drexler S, Wolf OT. Stress disrupts the reconsolidation of fear memories in men. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 77:95-104. [PMID: 28024275 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Reconsolidation is a post-retrieval process of restabilization of the memory trace. Previous findings from our group suggest that cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone secreted in response to stress, enhances the reconsolidation of fear memories in healthy men. Cortisol effect was found to be very specific, enhancing only the fear memory that was reactivated (i.e. retrieved), but not the non-reactivated memory. In the current study we aimed to investigate the effects of psychosocial stress, a more ecologically valid intervention, on fear memory reconsolidation in men. Using a similar design, we expected stress induction to have comparable effects to those of cortisol intake. During the three testing days, the participants went through (1) fear acquisition, (2) stress induction and memory reactivation (or the corresponding control conditions), (3) fear extinction, reinstatement and reinstatement test. Salivary cortisol, blood pressure measures and subjective ratings confirmed the success of the stress induction. Skin conductance response, serving as a measure of conditioned fear, confirmed acquisition, fear retrieval, and extinction in all groups. In the three control groups (where either reactivation, stress, or both components were missing) reinstatement effects were seen as expected. Yet in contrast to the hypothesis, the target group (i.e. combining reactivation and stress) showed no reinstatement to any of the stimuli. Stress induction is thus suggested to have a general impairing effect on the reconsolidation of fear memories. The unique characteristic of the stress response and experience compared to a pharmacological intervention are proposed as possible explanations to the findings. This disruptive effect of stress on fear memory reconsolidation may have potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Meir Drexler
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum 44801, Germany.
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Cofresí RU, Lewis SM, Chaudhri N, Lee HJ, Monfils MH, Gonzales RA. Postretrieval Extinction Attenuates Alcohol Cue Reactivity in Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:608-617. [PMID: 28169439 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conditioned responses to alcohol-associated cues can hinder recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD). Cue exposure (extinction) therapy (CET) can reduce reactivity to alcohol cues, but its efficacy is limited by phenomena such as spontaneous recovery and reinstatement that can cause a return of conditioned responding after extinction. Using a preclinical model of alcohol cue reactivity in rats, we evaluated whether the efficacy of alcohol CET could be improved by conducting CET during the memory reconsolidation window after retrieval of cue-alcohol associations. METHODS Rats were provided with intermittent access to unsweetened alcohol. Rats were then trained to predict alcohol access based on a visual cue. Next, rats were treated with either standard extinction (n = 14) or postretrieval extinction (n = 13). Rats were then tested for long-term memory of extinction and susceptibility to spontaneous recovery and reinstatement. RESULTS Despite equivalent extinction, rats treated with postretrieval extinction exhibited reduced spontaneous recovery and reinstatement relative to rats treated with standard extinction. CONCLUSIONS Postretrieval CET shows promise for persistently attenuating the risk to relapse posed by alcohol cues in individuals with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto U Cofresí
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Suzanne M Lewis
- Department of Psychology, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nadia Chaudhri
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hongjoo J Lee
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Marie-H Monfils
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Rueben A Gonzales
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Thompson A, Lipp OV. Extinction during reconsolidation eliminates recovery of fear conditioned to fear-irrelevant and fear-relevant stimuli. Behav Res Ther 2017; 92:1-10. [PMID: 28171767 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extant literature suggests that extinction training delivered during the memory reconsolidation period is superior to traditional extinction training in the reduction of fear recovery, as it targets the original fear memory trace. At present it is debated whether different types of fear memories are differentially sensitive to behavioral manipulations of reconsolidation. Here, we examined post-reconsolidation recovery of fear as a function of conditioned stimulus (CS) fear-relevance, using the unconditioned stimulus (US) to reactivate and destabilize conditioned fear memories. Participants (N = 56; 25 male; M = 24.39 years, SD = 7.71) in the US-reactivation and control group underwent differential fear conditioning to fear-relevant (spiders/snakes) and fear-irrelevant (geometric shapes) CSs on Day 1. On Day 2, participants received either reminded (US-reactivation) or non-reminded extinction training. Tests of fear recovery, conducted 24 h later, revealed recovery of differential electrodermal responding to both classes of CSs in the control group, but not in the US-reactivation group. These findings indicate that the US reactivation-extinction procedure eliminated recovery of extinguished responding not only to fear-irrelevant, but also to fear-relevant CSs. Contrasting previous reports, our findings show that post-reconsolidation recovery of conditioned responding is not a function of CS fear-relevance and that persistent reduction of fear, conditioned to fear-relevant CSs, can be achieved through behavioral manipulations of reconsolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Thompson
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Australia.
| | - Ottmar V Lipp
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Australia; ARC-SRI: Science of Learning Research Centre, Australia
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Counterconditioning During Reconsolidation Prevents Relapse of Cocaine Memories. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:716-726. [PMID: 27468918 PMCID: PMC5240172 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Relapse to drug abuse is often caused by exposure to drug-associated cues that evoke craving. Therefore, disruption of the cue-drug memory can prevent relapse. Memories destabilize and become temporarily labile upon their retrieval, and re-stabilize in a process termed reconsolidation. Pharmacological disruption of reconsolidation prevents relapse in animal models, yet may evoke side effects. Therefore, behavioral procedures capable of preventing cue-induced craving and relapse are extremely valuable. Aversion therapies, in which drug-paired cues are re-associated (counterconditioned) with aversive consequences, have limited success, because the previous cue-drug memory may recover, triggering relapse. Here, we prevented the memory recovery and relapse to cocaine seeking by applying aversive counterconditioning during memory reconsolidation. Mice were trained to seek cocaine in a conditioned place preference procedure. The cocaine-associated compartment was then counterconditioned with lithium chloride (LiCl)-induced malaise, preceded by a brief exposure to the compartment (memory retrieval). Relapse was assessed in a reinstatement test. We found that aversive counterconditioning conducted shortly after memory retrieval (during reconsolidation) induced a long-lasting prevention of relapse to cocaine seeking. However, mice relapsed when counterconditioned without, before, or long after memory retrieval, or when receiving LiCl without place counterconditioning. Our findings suggest that post-retrieval aversive counterconditioning leads to relapse prevention, possibly by replacing the cue-drug with a cue-aversion memory, thereby the cue ceases to evoke craving. Moreover, we found that a similar memory replacement procedure prevented relapse of conditioned place aversion. Hence, this novel procedure can also prevent relapse of aversive memories, providing a safe approach to alter various maladaptive behaviors.
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Auchter A, Cormack LK, Niv Y, Gonzalez-Lima F, Monfils MH. Reconsolidation-Extinction Interactions in Fear Memory Attenuation: The Role of Inter-Trial Interval Variability. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:2. [PMID: 28174526 PMCID: PMC5258753 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fear extinction typically results in the formation of a new inhibitory memory that suppresses the original conditioned response. Evidence also suggests that extinction training during a retrieval-induced labile period results in integration of the extinction memory into the original fear memory, rendering the fear memory less susceptible to reinstatement. Here we investigated the parameters by which the retrieval-extinction paradigm was most effective in memory updating. Specifically, we manipulated the inter-trial intervals (ITIs) between conditional stimulus (CS) presentations during extinction, examining how having interval lengths with different degrees of variability affected the strength of memory updating. We showed that randomizing the ITI of CS presentations during extinction led to less return of fear via reinstatement than extinction with a fixed ITI. Subjects who received variable ITIs during extinction also showed higher freezing during the ITI, indicating that the randomization of CS presentations led to a higher general reactivity during extinction, which may be one potential mechanism for memory updating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Auchter
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at AustinAustin, TX, USA
| | - Lawrence K. Cormack
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at AustinAustin, TX, USA
| | - Yael Niv
- Department of Psychology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton UniversityPrinceton, NJ, USA
| | - Francisco Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at AustinAustin, TX, USA
| | - Marie H. Monfils
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at AustinAustin, TX, USA
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82
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He RH, Tao R. Psychotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1010:295-320. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5562-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chesworth R, Corbit LH. Recent developments in the behavioural and pharmacological enhancement of extinction of drug seeking. Addict Biol 2017; 22:3-43. [PMID: 26687226 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the principal barriers to overcoming addiction is the propensity to relapse, even after months or years of abstinence. Relapse can be precipitated by cues and contexts associated with drug use; thus, decreasing the conditioned properties of these cues and contexts may assist in preventing relapse. The predictive power of drug cues and contexts can be reduced by repeatedly presenting them in the absence of the drug reinforcer, a process known as extinction. The potential of extinction to limit relapse has generated considerable interest and research over the past few decades. While pre-clinical animal models suggest extinction learning assists relapse prevention, treatment efficacy is often lacking when extinction learning principles are translated into clinical trials. Conklin and Tiffany (Addiction, 2002) suggest the lack of efficacy in clinical practice may be due to limited translation of procedures demonstrated through animal research and propose several methodological improvements to enhance extinction learning for drug addiction. This review will examine recent advances in the behavioural and pharmacological manipulation of extinction learning, based on research from pre-clinical models. In addition, the translation of pre-clinical findings-both those suggested by Conklin and Tiffany () and novel demonstrations from the past 13 years-into clinical trials and the efficacy of these methods in reducing craving and relapse, where available, will be discussed. Finally, we highlight areas where promising pre-clinical models have not yet been integrated into current clinical practice but, if applied, could improve upon existing behavioural and pharmacological methods.
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Reconsolidation and psychopathology: Moving towards reconsolidation-based treatments. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 142:162-171. [PMID: 27838441 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Interfering with memory reconsolidation has valuable potential to be used as a treatment for maladaptive memories and psychiatric disorders. Numerous studies suggest that reconsolidation-based therapies may benefit psychiatric populations, but much remains unanswered. After reviewing the literature in clinical and healthy human populations, we discuss some of the major limitations to reconsolidation studies and clinical application. Finally, we provide recommendations for developing improved reconsolidation-based treatments, namely exploiting known boundary conditions and focusing on a novel unconditioned stimulus-retrieval paradigm.
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Xu LZ, Xu DF, Han Y, Liu LJ, Sun CY, Deng JH, Zhang RX, Yuan M, Zhang SZ, Li ZM, Xu Y, Li JS, Xie SH, Li SX, Zhang HY, Lu L. BDNF-GSK-3β-β-Catenin Pathway in the mPFC Is Involved in Antidepressant-Like Effects of Morinda officinalis Oligosaccharides in Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 20:83-93. [PMID: 27729466 PMCID: PMC5737867 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides have been reported to exert neuroprotective and antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test in mice. However, the mechanisms that underlie the antidepressant-like effects of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides are unclear. METHODS Chronic unpredictable stress and forced swim test were used to explore the antidepressant-like effects of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides and resilience to stress in rats. The phosphoinositide-3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 was microinjected in the medial prefrontal cortex to explore the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in the antidepressant-like effects of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, phosphorylated-Ser9-glycogen synthase kinase 3β, β-catenin, and synaptic proteins was determined in the medial prefrontal cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex by western blot. RESULTS We found that Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides effectively ameliorated chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression-like behaviors in the sucrose preference test and forced swim test. The Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides also significantly rescued chronic unpredictable stress-induced abnormalities in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-glycogen synthase kinase-3β-β-catenin pathway and synaptic protein deficits in the medial prefrontal cortex but not orbitofrontal cortex. The activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β by the phosphoinositide-3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 abolished the antidepressant-like effects of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides in the forced swim test. Naïve rats that were treated with Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides exhibited resilience to chronic unpredictable stress, accompanied by increases in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, phosphorylated-Ser9-glycogen synthase kinase-3β, and β-catenin in the medial prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-glycogen synthase kinase-3β-β-catenin pathway in the medial prefrontal cortex may underlie the antidepressant-like effect of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides and resilience to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Zhi Xu
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - De-Feng Xu
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Ying Han
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Li-Jing Liu
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Cheng-Yu Sun
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Jia-Hui Deng
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Ruo-Xi Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Ming Yuan
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Su-Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Zhi-Meng Li
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Yi Xu
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Jin-Sheng Li
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Su-Hua Xie
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Su-Xia Li
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie),Correspondence: Su-Xia Li, MD, PhD, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38, Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China (); and Hong-Yan Zhang, BS and Lin Lu, MD, PhD, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health/National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Peking University, 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China () and ()
| | - Hong-Yan Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie),Correspondence: Su-Xia Li, MD, PhD, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38, Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China (); and Hong-Yan Zhang, BS and Lin Lu, MD, PhD, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health/National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Peking University, 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China () and ()
| | - Lin Lu
- Correspondence: Su-Xia Li, MD, PhD, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38, Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China (); and Hong-Yan Zhang, BS and Lin Lu, MD, PhD, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health/National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Peking University, 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China () and ()
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EphB2 in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Regulates Vulnerability to Stress. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2541-56. [PMID: 27103064 PMCID: PMC4987853 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The ephrin B2 (EphB2) receptor is a tyrosine kinase receptor that is associated with synaptic development and maturation. It has recently been implicated in cognitive deficits and anxiety. However, still unknown is the involvement of EphB2 in the vulnerability to stress. In the present study, we observed decreases in EphB2 levels and their downstream molecules in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) but not in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in mice that were susceptible to chronic social defeat stress. The activation of EphB2 receptors with EphrinB1-Fc in the mPFC produced stress-resistant and antidepressant-like behavioral effects in susceptible mice that lasted for at least 10 days. EphB2 receptor knockdown by short-hairpin RNA in the mPFC increased the susceptibility to stress and induced depressive-like behaviors in a subthreshold chronic social defeat stress paradigm. These behavioral effects were associated with changes in the phosphorylation of cofilin and membrane α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) trafficking and the expression of some synaptic proteins in the mPFC. We also found that EphB2 regulated stress-induced spine remodeling in the mPFC. Altogether, these results indicate that EphB2 is a critical regulator of stress vulnerability and might be a potential target for the treatment of depression.
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