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Prognosis of surgery combined with different adjuvant therapies in esophageal cancer treatment: a network meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36339-36353. [PMID: 28423740 PMCID: PMC5482659 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This network meta-analysis was conducted to assess whether the efficacy of surgery with adjuvant therapies, including radiotherapy (RT+S), chemotherapy (CT+S), and chemoradiotherapy (CRT+S) have better performance in esophageal cancer treatment and management. PubMed and EMBASE were used to search for relevant trials. Both conventional pair-wise and network meta-analyses were carried out. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to rank interventions based on the efficacy of the treatment method. As for 3-year overall survival (OS), CRT+S showed the highest efficacy (CRT+S vs. SURGERY HR=0.81, 95% CrI =0.73-0.90; CRT+S vs. CT+S: HR=0.82, 95% CrI =0.70-0.95; CRT+S vs. RT+S: HR=0.77, 95% CrI =0.62-0.95). For disease-free survival, CRT+S showed efficacy over CT+S ((HR =0.70, 95% CrI =0. 59-0.83). In conclusion, CRT+S showed a better performance for survival outcomes and ranks best among all therapies. The results of our study can provide guidance for medical decisions and treatment options that may help clinical practitioners improve the efficacy of EC treatment.
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Zou S, Yang J, Guo J, Su Y, He C, Wu J, Yu L, Ding WQ, Zhou J. RAD18 promotes the migration and invasion of esophageal squamous cell cancer via the JNK-MMPs pathway. Cancer Lett 2018; 417:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Al-Khyatt W, Tufarelli C, Khan R, Iftikhar SY. Selective oestrogen receptor antagonists inhibit oesophageal cancer cell proliferation in vitro. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:121. [PMID: 29390981 PMCID: PMC5796348 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oestrogen receptors (ER) have a well-established role to the initiation, progression and regulation of responses to treatment of breast, prostate, and lung cancers. Previous data indicates altered ER expression in oesophageal cancers (OC). However the role of ER subtypes and ER specific inhibitors in the regulation of OC progression remains unclear. This study sought to assess levels of ERα and ERβ in OC. The effects of highly selective ER antagonists on cell proliferation and apoptosis in two OC adenocarcinoma cell lines was also studied. METHODS ERα and ERβ expression profiling in paired normal oesophageal mucosa and tumour tissues (n = 34; adenocarcinoma n = 28; squamous cell carcinoma n = 6) was performed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Correlation between levels of ER with the clinico-pathological features for OC was determined. The effect of selective ER antagonists on proliferation of OE33 and OE19 OC cell lines was studied. RESULTS ERα and ERβ mRNA expression was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in tumour tissues relative to their paired normal mucosa and correlated inversely with survival outcome (p < 0.05). Upregulation of ERα mRNA correlated with higher pathological T-stage (p < 0.05) and lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05) while ERβ mRNA upregulation correlated with positive vascular invasion (p < 0.05). A significant concentration-dependent inhibition of proliferation in OE33 and OE19 cell lines was induced by a highly-selective ERα antagonist (MPP) and an ERβ specific antagonist (PHTPP) (p < 0.05). Moreover, anti-oestrogens induced cell death through stimulation of apoptotic caspase activity. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the ER system is involved in OC progression and thus may provide a novel target for the treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Al-Khyatt
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Uttoxeter Road, Derby, DE22 3NE UK
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby, DE22 3DT UK
| | - Cristina Tufarelli
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby, DE22 3DT UK
| | - Raheela Khan
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby, DE22 3DT UK
| | - Syed Yousef Iftikhar
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Uttoxeter Road, Derby, DE22 3NE UK
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby, DE22 3DT UK
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Vlacich G, Samson PP, Perkins SM, Roach MC, Parikh PJ, Bradley JD, Lockhart AC, Puri V, Meyers BF, Kozower B, Robinson CG. Treatment utilization and outcomes in elderly patients with locally advanced esophageal carcinoma: a review of the National Cancer Database. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2886-2896. [PMID: 29139215 PMCID: PMC5727236 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For elderly patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer, therapeutic approaches and outcomes in a modern cohort are not well characterized. Patients ≥70 years old with clinical stage II and III esophageal cancer diagnosed between 1998 and 2012 were identified from the National Cancer Database and stratified based on treatment type. Variables associated with treatment utilization were evaluated using logistic regression and survival evaluated using Cox proportional hazards analysis. Propensity matching (1:1) was performed to help account for selection bias. A total of 21,593 patients were identified. Median and maximum ages were 77 and 90, respectively. Treatment included palliative therapy (24.3%), chemoradiation (37.1%), trimodality therapy (10.0%), esophagectomy alone (5.6%), or no therapy (12.9%). Age ≥80 (OR 0.73), female gender (OR 0.81), Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score ≥2 (OR 0.82), and high-volume centers (OR 0.83) were associated with a decreased likelihood of palliative therapy versus no treatment. Age ≥80 (OR 0.79) and Clinical Stage III (OR 0.33) were associated with a decreased likelihood, while adenocarcinoma histology (OR 1.33) and nonacademic cancer centers (OR 3.9), an increased likelihood of esophagectomy alone compared to definitive chemoradiation. Age ≥80 (OR 0.15), female gender (OR 0.80), and non-Caucasian race (OR 0.63) were associated with a decreased likelihood, while adenocarcinoma histology (OR 2.10) and high-volume centers (OR 2.34), an increased likelihood of trimodality therapy compared to definitive chemoradiation. Each treatment type demonstrated improved survival compared to no therapy: palliative treatment (HR 0.49) to trimodality therapy (HR 0.25) with significance between all groups. Any therapy, including palliative care, was associated with improved survival; however, subsets of elderly patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer are less likely to receive aggressive therapy. Care should be taken to not unnecessarily deprive these individuals of treatment that may improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Vlacich
- Department of Radiation OncologyWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouri
| | - Pamela P. Samson
- Department of Radiation OncologyWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouri
| | | | - Michael C. Roach
- Department of Radiation OncologyWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouri
| | - Parag J. Parikh
- Department of Radiation OncologyWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouri
| | | | - A. Craig Lockhart
- Department of MedicineDivision of OncologyWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouri
| | - Varun Puri
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Cardiothoracic SurgeryWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouri
| | - Bryan F. Meyers
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Cardiothoracic SurgeryWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouri
| | - Benjamin Kozower
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Cardiothoracic SurgeryWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouri
| | - Cliff G. Robinson
- Department of Radiation OncologyWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouri
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Noma K, Shirakawa Y, Kanaya N, Okada T, Maeda N, Ninomiya T, Tanabe S, Sakurama K, Fujiwara T. Visualized Evaluation of Blood Flow to the Gastric Conduit and Complications in Esophageal Reconstruction. J Am Coll Surg 2017; 226:241-251. [PMID: 29174858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation of the blood supply to gastric conduits is critically important to avoid complications after esophagectomy. We began visual evaluation of blood flow using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent imaging in July 2015, to reduce reconstructive complications. In this study, we aimed to statistically verify the efficacy of blood flow evaluation using our simplified ICG method. STUDY DESIGN A total of 285 consecutive patients who underwent esophagectomy and gastric conduit reconstruction were reviewed and divided into 2 groups: before and after introduction of ICG evaluation. The entire cohort and 68 patient pairs after propensity score matching (PS-M) were evaluated for clinical outcomes and the effect of visualized evaluation on reducing the risk of complication. RESULTS The leakage rate in the ICG group was significantly lower than in the non-ICG group for each severity grade, both in the entire cohort (285 subjects) and after PS-M; the rates of other major complications, including recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and pneumonia, were not different. The duration of postoperative ICU stay was approximately 1 day shorter in the ICG group than in the non-ICG group in the entire cohort, and approximately 2 days shorter after PS-M. Visualized evaluation of blood flow with ICG methods significantly reduced the rate of anastomotic complications of all Clavien-Dindo (CD) grades. Odds ratios for ICG evaluation decreased with CD grade (0.3419 for CD ≥ 1; 0.241 for CD ≥ 2; and 0.2153 for CD ≥ 3). CONCLUSIONS Objective evaluation of blood supply to the reconstructed conduit using ICG fluorescent imaging reduces the risk and degree of anastomotic complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Noma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Shirakawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kanaya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Okada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoaki Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ninomiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Sakurama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Shigei Medical Research Institute, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Choi YJ, Lee DH, Han KD, Yoon H, Shin CM, Park YS, Kim N. Joint Effects of Low Body Mass Index and Alcohol Consumption on Developing Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer: a Korean Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1881-1887. [PMID: 28749616 PMCID: PMC5648394 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.7.1881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: In Korea, 95% of esophageal cancer (EC) was the squamous cell-type. We sought to determine the combined risk of alcohol consumption on developing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in pre-diagnostic underweight subjects using Korean national data. Methods: We analyzed the clinical data from a total of 264,084 individuals aged 40 years or older, who received healthcare checkups arranged by the national insurance program, between 2003 and 2008 in Korea. Cox proportional hazards regression was used after adjusting confounding factors. Result: Newly diagnosed 278 EC was identified using the claims data during a median follow-up duration of 7.9 years. It was determined that underweight and obesity-compared with normal weight-were significantly associated with 73% increased risk and 30% decreased risk of EC, respectively. Weight gain reduced the risk of EC. Alcohol consumption increased risk for EC in a dose-dependent manner. Heavy alcohol consumption in individuals with underweight increased the risk of developing EC dramatically. Conclusion: Underweight was a risk factor for ESCC and alcohol consumption raised the risk synergistically with low BMI. Achieving normal range of BMI could reduce the risk of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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Smith E, Palethorpe HM, Hayden AL, Young JP, Underwood TJ, Drew PA. Fibroblasts derived from oesophageal adenocarcinoma differ in DNA methylation profile from normal oesophageal fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3368. [PMID: 28611465 PMCID: PMC5469830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is increasing in incidence and has a poor prognosis. Tumour derived fibroblasts (TDFs) differ functionally from normal fibroblasts (NDFs), and play a pivotal role in cancer. Many of the differences persist through subculture. We measured the DNA methylation profiles of 10 TDFs from OAC with 12 NDF from normal oesophageal mucosa using Infinium HumanMethylation450 Beadchips and found they differed in multidimensional scaling analysis. We identified 4,856 differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs, adjusted p < 0.01 and absolute difference in average β-value > 0.15), of which 3,243 (66.8%) were hypomethylated in TDFs compared to NDFs. Hypermethylated DMCs were enriched at transcription start sites (TSSs) and in CpG islands, and depleted in transcriptional enhancers. Gene ontology analysis of genes with DMCs at TSSs revealed an enrichment of genes involved in development, morphogenesis, migration, adhesion, regulation of processes and response to stimuli. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is a marker of activated fibroblasts and a poor prognostic indicator in OAC. Hypomethylated DMCs were observed at the TSS of transcript variant 2 of α-SMA, which correlated with an increase in α-SMA protein expression. These data suggest that DNA methylation may contribute to the maintenance of the TDF phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Smith
- Discipline of Surgical Specialities, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, 5011, Australia.
| | - Helen M Palethorpe
- Discipline of Surgical Specialities, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Annette L Hayden
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Somers Cancer Research Building, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Joanne P Young
- Discipline of Surgical Specialities, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, 5011, Australia
| | - Timothy J Underwood
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Somers Cancer Research Building, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Paul A Drew
- Discipline of Surgical Specialities, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Flinders University, PO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
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58
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Choi YJ, Lee DH, Han KD, Yoon H, Shin CM, Park YS, Kim N. Elevated serum gamma-glutamyltransferase is associated with an increased risk of oesophageal carcinoma in a cohort of 8,388,256 Korean subjects. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177053. [PMID: 28475598 PMCID: PMC5419599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a marker for hepatic injury and alcohol consumption. However, the association of GGT with the risk of oesophageal carcinoma (OC) has not been fully recognized to date. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between elevated GGT and OC, by also considering the body mass index (BMI) of the subjects. Clinical data from 8,388,256 Korean individuals, who were aged 40 years and over and who received healthcare check-ups arranged by the national insurance program in 2007 and 2008, were analysed. Newly diagnosed OC was identified using claims data during a median follow-up duration of 8.72 years. During the study period, 6,863 individuals (0.08%) developed OC. We found that there was an increased risk of OC in subjects with serum GGT values >18 IU/L. Furthermore, a BMI <18.5 kg/m2 (underweight) was associated with increased OC risk, while a BMI ≥23.0 kg/m2 was associated with a reduced OC risk. Individuals who were both underweight and in the highest GGT quartile (≥40 IU/L) had a far greater risk of OC compared to other individuals (hazard ratio: 3.65, 95% confidence interval: 3.10–4.30). In conclusion, increased serum GGT was associated with an increased risk of developing OC in the general Korean population, regardless of age, sex, smoker status, or alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Fan H, Li J, Jia Y, Wu J, Yuan L, Li M, Wei J, Xu B. Silencing of Ribosomal Protein L34 (RPL34) Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Esophageal Cancer Cells. Oncol Res 2017; 25:1061-1068. [PMID: 28109079 PMCID: PMC7840969 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14830466773541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal protein L34 (RPL34) belongs to the L34E family of ribosomal proteins and contains a zinc finger motif. Aberrant expression of RPL34 has been reported in several human malignancies. However, the precise role and potential underlying mechanisms of RPL34 in human esophageal cancer remain largely unknown. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the role of RPL34 in esophageal cancer progression. Our results showed that the expression of RPL34 at both the mRNA and protein levels was frequently upregulated in esophageal cancer cell lines. Knockdown of RPL34 efficiently inhibited esophageal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Mechanistically, knockdown of RPL34 significantly downregulated the protein expression level of p-PI3K and p-Akt in esophageal cancer cells. Finally, knockdown of RPL34 attenuated tumor growth in nude mice. In conclusion, our study revealed that RPL34 functions as an oncogene that modulates the proliferation and metastasis of esophageal cancer cells, in part, by the inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Thus, these findings suggest that RPL34 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
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60
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Doosti-Irani A, Mansournia MA, Rahimi-Foroushani A, Cheraghi Z, Holakouie-Naieni K. Simultaneous Comparison of Efficacy and Adverse Events of Interventions for Patients with Esophageal Cancer: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:867-72. [PMID: 26925694 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.2.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is one of the most serious malignancies. Due to the aggressive nature of this cancer, the prognosis is poor. A network meta-analysis with simultaneous comparison of multiple treatments can help determine better treatment options that have higher effects on overall survival of patients with lower adverse events. The aim of this review is to simultaneously compare efficacy and adverse events of treatment interventions for esophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this review, only randomized control trials (RCT) will be considered for network meta-analysis. All international electronic databases including Medline, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Cochran's library, EMBASE and Cancerlit will be searched to find randomized control trials which compared two or more treatment interventions for esophageal cancer. A network plot will be drawn for visual representation of all available treatment interventions. Bayesian approach will be used to combine the direct and indirect evidence. Treatment effects (e.g. hazard ratio for time to event outcomes, risk ratio for binary outcomes, and rate ratio for count outcomes with 95% credible interval) will be reported. Moreover, cumulative probability of the treatment ranks will be reported using the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) graphs. Consistency assumption will be assessed by the loop-specific and design-by-treatment interaction approaches. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study may be helpful for the patients, clinicians and health policy makers in selecting treatments that have the best effect on survival and lowest adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Doosti-Irani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail :
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61
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Wei H, Liu Z, She H, Liu B, Gu J, Wei D, Zhang X, Wang J, Qi S, Ping F. Promoter methylation and expression of Raf kinase inhibitory protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1866-1872. [PMID: 28454336 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) regulates multiple cellular processes, and its downregulation is associated with distinct human cancers. In the present study, the status of RKIP promoter methylation, as well as its expression and clinical significance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), were examined. The promoter methylation status in the 5'-CpG island of the RKIP gene and the expression level of the RKIP protein were examined using a modified methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) method and immunohistochemical staining, respectively, in 77 ESCC samples and matched paratumor normal tissues. The incidence of RKIP promoter methylation was significantly higher in tumor samples (75.3%) than in the matched normal tissues (27.3%; P<0.001). A higher incidence of promoter methylation was also detected in poorly differentiated cancers (93.5%) compared with well-differentiated cancers (50.0%; P<0.001), as well as in tumor samples with positive lymph node metastasis (86.7%) compared with those with negative lymph node metastasis (59.4%; P<0.001). Consistent with the promoter methylation status, the expression level of RKIP was significantly reduced in cancer tissues (36.4%) compared with matched normal tissues (76.6%; P<0.01), as well as in cancers with positive lymph node metastasis (24.4%) compared with those with negative lymph node metastasis (53.1%; P=0.01). Promoter methylation-induced gene silencing significantly correlated with the down regulation of RKIP and the development of ESCC. The results of the present study suggested that the methylation status of the RKIP promoter, when combined with its expression level, may serve as a biomarker for predicting the biological behaviors of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wei
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056000, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056000, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan She
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056000, P.R. China
| | - Baoguo Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056000, P.R. China
| | - Junxia Gu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056000, P.R. China
| | - Dongmin Wei
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056000, P.R. China
| | - Jiufeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056000, P.R. China
| | - Shujing Qi
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056000, P.R. China
| | - Fumin Ping
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056000, P.R. China
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Quang T, Schwarz RA, Dawsey SM, Tan MC, Patel K, Yu X, Wang G, Zhang F, Xu H, Anandasabapathy S, Richards-Kortum R. A tablet-interfaced high-resolution microendoscope with automated image interpretation for real-time evaluation of esophageal squamous cell neoplasia. Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 84:834-841. [PMID: 27036635 PMCID: PMC5045314 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2016.03.1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In recent years high-resolution microendoscopy (HRME) has shown potential to improve screening for esophageal squamous cell neoplasia. Furthering its utility in a clinical setting, especially in lower-resource settings, could be accomplished by reducing the size and cost of the system as well as incorporating the ability of real-time, objective feedback. This article describes a tablet-interfaced HRME with fully automated, real-time image analysis. METHODS The performance of the tablet-interfaced HRME was assessed by acquiring images from the oral mucosa in a normal volunteer. An automated, real-time analysis algorithm was developed and evaluated using training, test, and validation images from a previous in vivo study of 177 patients referred for screening or surveillance endoscopy in China. The algorithm was then implemented in a tablet HRME that was used to obtain and analyze images from esophageal tissue in 3 patients. Images were displayed alongside the probability that the imaged region was neoplastic. RESULTS The tablet-interfaced HRME demonstrated comparable imaging performance at a lower cost compared with first-generation laptop-interfaced HRME systems. In a post-hoc quantitative analysis, the algorithm identified neoplasia with a sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 91%, respectively, in the validation set compared with 84% and 95% achieved in the original study. CONCLUSIONS The tablet-based HRME is a low-cost tool that provides quantitative diagnostic information to the endoscopist in real time. This could be especially beneficial in lower-resource settings for operators with less experience interpreting HRME images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Quang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Sanford M. Dawsey
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mimi C. Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kalpesh Patel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xinying Yu
- Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Institute and Hospital, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqi Wang
- Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Institute and Hospital, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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63
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Liu W, Snell JM, Jeck WR, Hoadley KA, Wilkerson MD, Parker JS, Patel N, Mlombe YB, Mulima G, Liomba NG, Wolf LL, Shores CG, Gopal S, Sharpless NE. Subtyping sub-Saharan esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by comprehensive molecular analysis. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e88755. [PMID: 27734031 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is endemic in regions of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where it is the third most common cancer. Here, we describe whole-exome tumor/normal sequencing and RNA transcriptomic analysis of 59 patients with ESCC in Malawi. We observed similar genetic aberrations as reported in Asian and North American cohorts, including mutations of TP53, CDKN2A, NFE2L2, CHEK2, NOTCH1, FAT1, and FBXW7. Analyses for nonhuman sequences did not reveal evidence for infection with HPV or other occult pathogens. Mutational signature analysis revealed common signatures associated with aging, cytidine deaminase activity (APOBEC), and a third signature of unknown origin, but signatures of inhaled tobacco use, aflatoxin and mismatch repair were notably absent. Based on RNA expression analysis, ESCC could be divided into 3 distinct subtypes, which were distinguished by their expression of cell cycle and neural transcripts. This study demonstrates discrete subtypes of ESCC in SSA, and suggests that the endemic nature of this disease reflects exposure to a carcinogen other than tobacco and oncogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Liu
- Department of Genetics.,Department of Medicine.,The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Jeff M Snell
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology.,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biophysics
| | - William R Jeck
- Department of Genetics.,The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Joel S Parker
- Department of Genetics.,The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Nirali Patel
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yohannie B Mlombe
- Department of Medicine, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Gift Mulima
- Department of Surgery, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Lindsey L Wolf
- UNC Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carol G Shores
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Satish Gopal
- Department of Medicine.,The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Medicine, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.,UNC Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Norman E Sharpless
- Department of Genetics.,Department of Medicine.,The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
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64
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Hayakawa Y, Sethi N, Sepulveda AR, Bass AJ, Wang TC. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma and gastric cancer: should we mind the gap? Nat Rev Cancer 2016; 16:305-18. [PMID: 27112208 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over recent decades we have witnessed a shift in the anatomical distribution of gastric cancer (GC), which increasingly originates from the proximal stomach near the junction with the oesophagus. In parallel, there has been a dramatic rise in the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) in the lower oesophagus, which is associated with antecedent Barrett oesophagus (BO). In this context, there has been uncertainty regarding the characterization of adenocarcinomas spanning the area from the lower oesophagus to the distal stomach. Most relevant to this discussion is the distinction, if any, between OAC and intestinal-type GC of the proximal stomach. It is therefore timely to review our current understanding of OAC and intestinal-type GC, integrating advances from cell-of-origin studies and comprehensive genomic alteration analyses, ultimately enabling better insight into the relationship between these two cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoku Hayakawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases and Herbert Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1130 St Nicholas Avenue, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Nilay Sethi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Antonia R Sepulveda
- Division of Clinical Pathology and Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Adam J Bass
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases and Herbert Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1130 St Nicholas Avenue, New York, New York 10032, USA
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65
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Wickramasinghe DP, Samarasekera DN. Incidence of esophageal cancer in Sri Lanka: Analysis of cancer registry data and comparison with other South Asian populations. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2016; 13:e271-e277. [PMID: 27030258 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objectives of this study were to report the incidence of Carcinoma of Esophagus (CaE) in Sri Lanka and to compare these values with other cancer registry data of the region and with migrant populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared the data published by the National Cancer Control Program over the last two decades with data from the National Cancer Registry Programme of the Indian Council of Medical Research and Karachi Cancer Registry. SEERstat was used to analyze the surveillance, epidemiology and end results database to analyze data on Indian migrant population. RESULTS CaE was the fourth most common cancer overall and among females and third most common cancer among males. The incidence of CaE rises with age in both sexes, with a peak in the 70-74 year age group. There was a disproportionately higher number of CaE in the Tamil population (chi-square test, P < 0.00001). The commonest type of CaE in Sri Lanka was squamous cell carcinoma, Not otherwise specified (NOS) (n = 750, 70.5%), followed by adenocarcinoma, NOS (n = 83, 7.8%). India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka have comparable age-adjusted incidence and age distribution of CaE. All migrant populations had lower incidence of CaE than original population or population in their present country. Both cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are more prevalent in Sri Lankan males than females. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The incidence of CaE and its distribution among age groups in Sri Lanka was comparable to other countries of the region. Persons of Tamil ethnicity have a higher risk of developing CaE.
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Ge C, Wu S, Wang W, Liu Z, Zhang J, Wang Z, Li R, Zhang Z, Li Z, Dong S, Wang Y, Xue Y, Yang J, Tan Q, Wang Z, Song X. miR-942 promotes cancer stem cell-like traits in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10964-77. [PMID: 25844602 PMCID: PMC4484432 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway is known to play a vital role in the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are reported to be the origine of malignant cancers, and result in poor prognosis of multiple kinds of cancer. Therefore, it is of great importance to illuminate the mechanism by which the Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates the cancer stem cell-like traits in cancers. Here, we report that miR-942 is significantly upregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and miR-942 levels are associated with poor prognosis in ESCC patients. Overexpression of miR-942 promotes, whereas inhibition of miR-942 decreases, the tumor sphere formation, the CD90+ subpopulation cells and the expression of pluripotency associated markers. Moreover, in vivo assay shows that miR-942 overexpressing cells form larger tumors and display higher tumourigenesis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that miR-942 upregulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity via directly targeting sFRP4, GSK3β and TLE1, which are multiple level negative regulators of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade. In addition, our results indicate that c-myc directly binds to the miR-942 promoter and promotes its expression. Taken together, our findings establish an oncogenic role of miR-942 in ESCC and indicate that miR-942 might be an effective therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Ge
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shikai Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruilei Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Suwei Dong
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanbo Xue
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Yang
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Tan
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziping Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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Pakzad R, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Khosravi B, Soltani S, Pakzad I, Mohammadian M, Salehiniya H, Momenimovahed Z. The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer and their relationship to development in Asia. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:29. [PMID: 26889482 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2016.01.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is the most common cancer in less developed countries. It is necessary to understand epidemiology of the cancer for planning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer, and its relationship with Human Development Index (HDI) and its components in Asia in 2012. METHODS This study was an Ecological study, which conducted based on GLOBOCAN project of WHO for Asian counters. We assess the correlation between standardized incidence rates (SIR) and standardized mortality rates (SMR) of esophageal cancer with HDI and its components with using of SPSS18. RESULTS A total of 337,698 incidence (70.33% were males and 29.87% females. Sex ratio was 2.37) and 296,734 death (69.45% in men and 30.54% in women. The sex ratio was 2.27) esophageal cancer was recorded in Asian countries in 2012. Five countries with the highest SIR and SMR of esophageal cancer were Turkmenistan, Mongolia and Tajikistan, Bangladesh and China respectively. Correlation between HDI and SIR was -0.211 (P=0.159), in men -0.175 (P=0.244) and in women -0.231 (P=0.123). Also between HDI and SMR -0.250 (P=0.094) in men -0.226 (P=0.131) and in women -0.251 (P=0.037). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of esophageal cancer is more in less developed and developing countries. Statistically significant correlation was not found between standardized incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer, and HDI and its dimensions, except for life expectancy at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Pakzad
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 2 Epidemiologist, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran ; 3 Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 4 Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Ilam University Of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ; 5 Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ; 6 Deputy of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; 7 Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 8 Students' Scientific Research Center, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 9 Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 2 Epidemiologist, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran ; 3 Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 4 Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Ilam University Of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ; 5 Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ; 6 Deputy of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; 7 Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 8 Students' Scientific Research Center, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 9 Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Bahman Khosravi
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 2 Epidemiologist, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran ; 3 Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 4 Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Ilam University Of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ; 5 Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ; 6 Deputy of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; 7 Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 8 Students' Scientific Research Center, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 9 Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Shahin Soltani
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 2 Epidemiologist, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran ; 3 Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 4 Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Ilam University Of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ; 5 Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ; 6 Deputy of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; 7 Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 8 Students' Scientific Research Center, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 9 Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Iraj Pakzad
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 2 Epidemiologist, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran ; 3 Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 4 Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Ilam University Of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ; 5 Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ; 6 Deputy of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; 7 Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 8 Students' Scientific Research Center, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 9 Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mohammadian
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 2 Epidemiologist, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran ; 3 Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 4 Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Ilam University Of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ; 5 Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ; 6 Deputy of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; 7 Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 8 Students' Scientific Research Center, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 9 Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Hamid Salehiniya
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 2 Epidemiologist, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran ; 3 Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 4 Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Ilam University Of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ; 5 Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ; 6 Deputy of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; 7 Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 8 Students' Scientific Research Center, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 9 Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Zohre Momenimovahed
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 2 Epidemiologist, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran ; 3 Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 4 Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Ilam University Of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ; 5 Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran ; 6 Deputy of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; 7 Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 8 Students' Scientific Research Center, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 9 Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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Liu Q, Liang M, Liu T, Vuitton L, Zheng S, Gao X, Lu M, Li X, Sheyhidin I, Lu X. M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) is upregulated in Kazakh's ESCC and promotes proliferation and migration of ESCC cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:2665-72. [PMID: 26404132 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the present study are to explore role of pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (PKM2) in progression of Kazakh's esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Xinjiang, China, and to clarify mechanism of PKM2 in malignant phenotype. PKM2 expression was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 101 matched pairs of ESCC and normal adjacent tissues (NATs) and using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 35 serum samples of Kazakh's ESCC and 8 serum samples of healthy subjects. To investigate mechanism, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-PKM2 was transfected into ESCC cells. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing and Transwell assays. Apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). PKM2 expression was significantly higher in ESCC tissues (77.2 %, 78/101) compared with matched NAT (P = 0.003) and also higher in serum samples of Kazakh's ESCC patients (78.84 ng/mL) compared with healthy subjects (13.55 ng/mL) (P = 0.001). Patients with overexpression of PKM2 had a poor prognosis (P = 0.032). After knockdown of PKM2, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were significantly reduced (P = 0.001), apoptosis increased (P = 0.001), and cell cycle was arrested at G1 phase. PKM2 overexpression was significantly correlated with the worse outcome of Kazakh's ESCC. Furthermore, PKM2 was involved in progression of ESCC by promoting proliferation and suppressing apoptosis, accelerating invasion, and influencing cell cycle. PKM2 could be a potential biomarker for molecular classification of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liang
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lucine Vuitton
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
| | - Shutao Zheng
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangpeng Gao
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mang Lu
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Li
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ilyar Sheyhidin
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China.
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Hu X, Moon JW, Li S, Xu W, Wang X, Liu Y, Lee JY. Amplification and overexpression of CTTN and CCND1 at chromosome 11q13 in Esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) of North Eastern Chinese Population. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:868-874. [PMID: 27877079 PMCID: PMC5118758 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.16845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a genetically complex tumor type and is a major cause of cancer-related mortality. The combination of genetics, diet, behavior, and environment plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of ESCC. To characterize the genomic aberrations of this disease, we investigated the genomic imbalances in 19 primary ESCC cases using high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). All cases showed either loss or gain of whole chromosomes or segments of chromosome(s) with variable genomic sizes. The copy number alterations per case affected the median 34% (~ 1,034Mb/3,000Mb) of the whole genome. Recurrent gains were 1q21.3-qter, 3q13.11-qter, 5pter-p11, 7pter-p15.3, 7p12.1-p11.2, 7q11-q11.2, 8p12-qter, 11q13.2-q13.3, 12pter-p13.31, 17q24.2, 20q11.21-qter, and 22q11.21-q11.22 whereas the recurrent losses were 3pter-p11.1, 4pter-p12, 4q28.3-q31.22, 4q31.3-q32.1, 9pter-p12, 11q22.3-qter and 13q12.11-q22.1. Amplification of 11q13 resulting in overexpression of CTTN/CCND1 was the most prominent finding, which was observed in 13 of 19 ESCC cases. These unique profiles of copy number alteration should be validated by further studies and need to be taken into consideration when developing biomarkers for early detection of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA; Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Zhejiang, 323000, P.R. China
| | - Ji Wook Moon
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Weihong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Xianfu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Yun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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Zhang J, Jiang Y, Wu C, Cai S, Wang R, Zhen Y, Chen S, Zhao K, Huang Y, Luketich J, Chen H. Comparison of clinicopathologic features and survival between eastern and western population with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:1780-6. [PMID: 26623101 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.10.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the major histologic subtype of esophageal cancer, characterized by a high mortality rate and geographic differences in incidences. It is unknown whether there is difference between "eastern" ESCC and "western" ESCC. This study is attempted to demonstrate the hypothesis by comparing ESCC between Chinese residents and Caucasians living in the US. METHODS The data sources of this study are from United States SEER limited-use database and Shanghai Cancer Registries by Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control (SMCDC). Consecutive, non-selected patients with pathologically diagnosed ESCC, between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2006, were included in this analysis. 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival estimates were computed and compared between two populations. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine factors affecting survival differences. RESULTS A total of 1,718 Chinese, 1,624 Caucasians ESCC patients with individual American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) staging information were included in this study. The Caucasian group had a significantly higher proportion of female patients than Chinese (38.24% vs. 18.68% P<0.01). ESCC was diagnosed in Chinese patients at an earlier age and stage than Caucasians. Generally, Chinese patients had similar overall survival rate with Caucasian by both univariate and multivariate analysis. Overall survival was significantly worse only in male Caucasians compared to Chinese patients (median survival time, 12.4 vs. 14.5 months, P<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS ESCC from eastern and western countries might have some different features. These differences need to be taken into account for the management of ESCC patients in different ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- 1 Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 3 Department of Cancer Control & Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China ; 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China ; 5 Department of Radiotherapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 6 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- 1 Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 3 Department of Cancer Control & Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China ; 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China ; 5 Department of Radiotherapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 6 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
| | - Chunxiao Wu
- 1 Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 3 Department of Cancer Control & Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China ; 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China ; 5 Department of Radiotherapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 6 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
| | - Shuang Cai
- 1 Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 3 Department of Cancer Control & Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China ; 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China ; 5 Department of Radiotherapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 6 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- 1 Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 3 Department of Cancer Control & Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China ; 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China ; 5 Department of Radiotherapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 6 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
| | - Ying Zhen
- 1 Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 3 Department of Cancer Control & Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China ; 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China ; 5 Department of Radiotherapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 6 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
| | - Sufeng Chen
- 1 Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 3 Department of Cancer Control & Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China ; 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China ; 5 Department of Radiotherapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 6 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
| | - Kuaile Zhao
- 1 Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 3 Department of Cancer Control & Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China ; 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China ; 5 Department of Radiotherapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 6 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
| | - Yangle Huang
- 1 Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 3 Department of Cancer Control & Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China ; 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China ; 5 Department of Radiotherapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 6 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
| | - James Luketich
- 1 Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 3 Department of Cancer Control & Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China ; 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China ; 5 Department of Radiotherapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 6 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
| | - Haiquan Chen
- 1 Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China ; 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 3 Department of Cancer Control & Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China ; 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China ; 5 Department of Radiotherapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China ; 6 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
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Family history of esophageal cancer increases the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16038. [PMID: 26526791 PMCID: PMC4630623 DOI: 10.1038/srep16038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A population-based case-control was performed to explore familial aggregation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Family history of cancer was assessed by a structured questionnaire, and from which 2 cohorts of relatives of cases and controls were reconstructed. Unconditional logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were applied for case-control design and reconstructed cohort design, respectively. We observed a close to doubled risk of ESCC associated with a positive family history of esophageal cancer among first degree relatives (odds ratio [OR] = 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42–2.41), after adjusting age, sex, family size and other confounders. The excess risks of ESCC increased with the increasing of first-degree relatives affected by esophageal cancer (p < 0.001). In particular, those individuals whose both parents with esophageal cancer had an 8-fold excess risk of ESCC (95% CI: 1.74–36.32). The reconstructed cohort analysis showed that the cumulative risk of esophageal cancer to age 75 was 12.2% in the first-degree relatives of cases and 7.0% in those of controls (hazard ratio = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.54–2.37). Our results suggest family history of esophageal cancer significantly increases the risk for ESCC. Future studies are needed to understand how the shared genetic susceptibility and/or environmental exposures contribute to the observed excess risk.
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72
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Wang L, Cao NN, Wang S, Man HW, Li PF, Shan BE. Roles of coinhibitory molecules B7-H3 and B7-H4 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2961-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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A Genetic Variant in miRNA-219-1 Is Associated with Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Chinese Kazakhs. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:541531. [PMID: 26379361 PMCID: PMC4561329 DOI: 10.1155/2015/541531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background. Esophageal cancer (EC), an aggressive digestive tract malignancy, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Besides environmental risk factors, genetic factors might play a key role in the EC carcinogenesis. The aim of the study is to evaluate the association of miR219-1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with EC. Methods. A total of 248 Kazakh esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cases and 300 frequency-matched control subjects were recruited for this study. Genomic DNA was isolated from the samples. The miR-219-1 rs107822G > A and rs213210T > C genotypes were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analysis were used to detect the degree of association on miR-219-1 rs107822 and rs213210. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect miR-219-1 expression with miR-219-1 rs107822 polymorphism. Result. The SNP rs107822G > A in the miR-219-1 gene decreased the risk of Kazakh ESCC. Furthermore, two miR-219-1 SNPs, namely, rs107822 and rs213210, may tag each other to decrease the risk of Kazakh ESCC. These findings indicated that functional polymorphisms miR-219-1 rs107822G > A might change individual susceptibility to Kazakh ESCC.
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Protano MA, Xu H, Wang G, Polydorides AD, Dawsey SM, Cui J, Xue L, Zhang F, Quang T, Pierce MC, Shin D, Schwarz RA, Bhutani MS, Lee M, Parikh N, Hur C, Xu W, Moshier E, Godbold J, Mitcham J, Hudson C, Richards-Kortum RR, Anandasabapathy S. Low-Cost High-Resolution Microendoscopy for the Detection of Esophageal Squamous Cell Neoplasia: An International Trial. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:321-329. [PMID: 25980753 PMCID: PMC4547689 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Esophageal squamous cell neoplasia has a high mortality rate as a result of late detection. In high-risk regions such as China, screening is performed by Lugol's chromoendoscopy (LCE). LCE has low specificity, resulting in unnecessary tissue biopsy with a subsequent increase in procedure cost and risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a novel, low-cost, high-resolution microendoscope (HRME) as an adjunct to LCE. METHODS In this prospective trial, 147 consecutive high-risk patients were enrolled from 2 US and 2 Chinese tertiary centers. Three expert and 4 novice endoscopists performed white-light endoscopy followed by LCE and HRME. All optical images were compared with the gold standard of histopathology. RESULTS By using a per-biopsy analysis, the sensitivity of LCE vs LCE + HRME was 96% vs 91% (P = .0832), specificity was 48% vs 88% (P < .001), positive predictive value was 22% vs 45% (P < .0001), negative predictive value was 98% vs 98% (P = .3551), and overall accuracy was 57% vs 90% (P < .001), respectively. By using a per-patient analysis, the sensitivity of LCE vs LCE + HRME was 100% vs 95% (P = .16), specificity was 29% vs 79% (P < .001), positive predictive value was 32% vs 60%, 100% vs 98%, and accuracy was 47% vs 83% (P < .001). With the use of HRME, 136 biopsies (60%; 95% confidence interval, 53%-66%) could have been spared, and 55 patients (48%; 95% confidence interval, 38%-57%) could have been spared any biopsy. CONCLUSIONS In this trial, HRME improved the accuracy of LCE for esophageal squamous cell neoplasia screening and surveillance. HRME may be a cost-effective optical biopsy adjunct to LCE, potentially reducing unnecessary biopsies and facilitating real-time decision making in globally underserved regions. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT 01384708.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guiqi Wang
- Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Institute and Hospital, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Sanford M. Dawsey
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Junsheng Cui
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liyan Xue
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Timothy Quang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - Mark C. Pierce
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Dongsuk Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | | | - Manoop S. Bhutani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michelle Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Neil Parikh
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Chin Hur
- GI Unit & Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Weiran Xu
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Erin Moshier
- Department of Preventative Medicine, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - James Godbold
- Department of Preventative Medicine, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Josephine Mitcham
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Courtney Hudson
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
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Association of genetic polymorphisms in PRKDC and XRCC4 with risk of ESCC in a high-incidence region of North China. TUMORI JOURNAL 2015; 102:131-4. [PMID: 26166223 DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway is the main mechanism repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human cells. This research was designed to study the association between selected variants in NHEJ members and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), PRKDC (rs7003908) and X-ray repair cross complementing group 4 (XRCC4; rs1805377), were genotyped in a total of 189 patients with ESCC and 189 unrelated control individuals in a high-risk area for ESCC in North China, and the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was applied. RESULTS A significantly different distribution was found in the frequency of PRKDC (rs7003908) genotype between the ESCC group and controls. Individuals homozygous for the C allele had a significant (3.185-fold) increased risk of ESCC. As for XRCC4 (rs1805377) polymorphism, no difference was found in distribution between the ESCC and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that variation in DNA repair genes may be associated with risk of ESCC.
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Wang L, Xing J, Cheng R, Shao Y, Li P, Zhu S, Zhang S. Abnormal Localization and Tumor Suppressor Function of Epithelial Tissue-Specific Transcription Factor ESE3 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126319. [PMID: 25950810 PMCID: PMC4423989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide. The molecular mechanism of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still poorly understood. ESE3 is a member of the Ets transcription family, which is only expressed in epithelial tissues and acts as a tumor suppressor gene in prostate cancer. Our study aim was to confirm whether ESE3 is involved in the carcinogenesis of ESCC. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that ESE3 was mainly located in cell nuclei of normal tissues and the cytoplasm in ESCC tissues. Immunofluorescence and western blot analyses of the normal esophageal cell line HEEpiC and ESCC cell lines EC9706 TE-1, KYSE150, and KYSE410 confirmed these results. pEGFP-ESE3 and pcDNA3.1-V5/HisA-ESE3 plasmids were constructed for overexpression of ESE3 in EC9706 and KYSE150 cells. The stably transfected cells showed restoration of the nuclear localization of ESE3. EC9706 cells with re-localization of ESE3 to the nucleus showed inhibition of proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion. To explore the possible mechanism of the differences in localization of ESE3 in normal esophageal cells and ESCC cells, ESCC cell lines were treated with the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B, transcription inhibitor actinomycin D, PKC inhibitor sphinganine, P38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190, and CK II inhibitor TBCA. These reagents were chosen according to the well-known mechanisms of protein translocation. However, the localization of ESE3 was unchanged after these treatments. The sequence of ESE3 cDNA in ESCC cells was identical to the standard sequence of ESE3 in the NCBI Genebank database, indicating that there was no mutation in the coding region of ESE3 in ESCC. Taken together, our study suggests that ESE3 plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of ESCC through changes in subcellular localization and may act as a tumor suppressor gene in ESCC, although the mechanisms require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (S. Zhang)
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Upregulation of miR-494 Inhibits Cell Growth and Invasion and Induces Cell Apoptosis by Targeting Cleft Lip and Palate Transmembrane 1-Like in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:1247-55. [PMID: 25480402 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential target genes of microRNA (miR)-494 have been reported in many types of cancers. However, the role of miR-494 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown. AIM This study focused on the expression and biological function of miR-494 in ESCC. METHODS Using bioinformatics analyses, we found that cleft lip and palate transmembrane 1-like (CLPTM1L) was a potential target of miR-494. We performed quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR assays in 37 ESCC tumor tissues to determine the expression of miR-494 and CLPTM1L mRNA, and we analyzed the correlation between both of these factors and clinical characteristics. The cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays were used to evaluate the effects of miR-494 expression on the proliferation of ESCC cells. The transwell migration assay and flow cytometric apoptosis assay were performed to study the influence of miR-494 on the invasion and apoptosis of ESCC cells. Western blotting, luciferase assays, and CLPTM1L knockdown experiments were used to determine whether CLPTM1L was a target of miR-494. RESULTS The qRT-PCR assays showed significant downregulation of miR-494 (P < 0.05) and upregulation of CLPTM1L mRNA (P < 0.05), both of which were significantly associated with lymph node metastases (P < 0.05). High expression of miR-494 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion and promoted cell apoptosis (P < 0.05). The results also showed that CLPTM1L was a target of miR-494. CONCLUSION These results show that the expression of miR-494, which can regulate cell growth, invasion and apoptosis of ESCC cells by targeting CLPTM1L, is downregulated in ESCC tumor tissues. The miR-494-CLPTM1L pathway could be further exploited to develop a new approach to treat ESCC.
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GDF15 derived from both tumor-associated macrophages and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas contributes to tumor progression via Akt and Erk pathways. J Transl Med 2015; 95:491-503. [PMID: 25730371 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are known to be involved in the progression, angiogenesis, and motility of various cancers. We previously reported the association between an increased number of infiltrating TAMs with tumor progression and poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs). To study the roles of TAMs in ESCC, we first exposed peripheral blood monocyte (PBMo)-derived macrophages from healthy volunteers to conditioned media of TE series human ESCC cell line (TECM) and confirmed the induction of the expression of the M2 macrophage marker CD204 and the protumorigenic factors interleukin (IL)-10, VEGFA, and MMPs. Next, we compared gene expression profiles between PBMo-derived macrophages stimulated with or without TECM by cDNA microarray and focused on growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) among the highly expressed genes including IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL1. Our immunohistochemical study of 70 surgically resected ESCCs revealed that GDF15 was present not only in cancer cells but also in macrophages. The high expression of GDF15 in the ESCCs was significantly correlated with several more malignant phenotypes including vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stages. Patients with high GDF15 expression showed significantly poorer disease-free survival (P=0.011) and overall survival (P=0.041). We also found that recombinant human GDF15 promotes cell proliferation and the phosphorylation of both Akt and Erk1/2 in ESCC cell lines in vitro. These results indicate that GDF15 is secreted by both TAMs and cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment and is associated with aberrant growth and a poor prognosis in human ESCC.
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Li XR, Yang LZ, Huo XQ, Wang Y, Yang QH, Zhang QQ. Effects of silencing the ATP-binding cassette protein E1 gene by electroporation on the proliferation and migration of EC109 human esophageal cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:837-42. [PMID: 25815591 PMCID: PMC4438962 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the gene expression of ATP-binding cassette protein E1 (ABCE1) in the EC109 human esophageal cancer cell line was silenced using electroporation to examine the effect if the ABCE1 gene on the growth migration and cell cycle of cancer cells. The small interference (si)RNA sequence of ABCE1 was designed and synthesized to transfect the EC109 cells by electroporation. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ABCE1 were then detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis. The analysis of the cell cycle and apoptosis was performed using flow cytometry. The effect of silencing the ABCE1 gene on the proliferation, migration and invasive ability of the EC109 human esophageal cancer cells were assessed using a Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and with proliferation, wound-healing and cell invasion assays. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ABCE1 were significantly lower in the experimental group compared with the control group (P<0.05). The apop-totic rate of the experimental group was markedly higher than the control group and blank group (P<0.01). The CCK-8 proliferation assay revealed that, compared with the control and blank groups, the proliferation of the EC109 cells in the experimental group was significantly inhibited (P<0.05). The wound healing assay revealed that the migration capacity of the cells in the experimental group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The Transwell chamber assay demonstrated that the invasive ability of the EC109 cells in the experimental group was significantly decreased (P<0.01). These results revealed that ABCE1 is closely associated with cell proliferation, invasion and migration in esophageal cancer and silencing the ABCE1 gene by electroporation can significantly reduce the proliferation, invasion and migration capacity of EC109 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rui Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Zhong Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Huo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Hui Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Qin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
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Zhang N, Sun X, Sun M, Zhu S, Wang L, Ma D, Wang Y, Zhang S, Li P. 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth via beta-adrenoceptors in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118845. [PMID: 25742648 PMCID: PMC4351054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). It contains several carcinogens known to initiate and promote tumorigenesis as well as metastasis. The nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is one of the strongest carcinogens in tobacco and our previous studies have shown its proliferation-promoting role in the progression of ESCC. Recently, NNK was identified as an agonist for both beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptors. Thus, we hypothesized that the cancer-promoting effect of NNK was likely mediated through beta-adrenoceptors in ESCC. Therefore, we investigated the comprehensive role of NNK in ESCC in vitro and in vivo, and found that NNK promoted many oncogenic features including ESCC cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth as well as ESCC cell migration and invasion. Western blotting showed that NNK induced significant up-regulation of phosphorylated ERK1/2, cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor as well as down-regulation of Bax. Importantly, the oncogenic effects of NNK in ESCC and the altered protein expression were reversed to some extent by down-regulation of beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptors with the beta2-adrenoceptor showing a greater rescue effect. Taken together, our in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that NNK plays an oncogenic role in ESCC through beta-adrenoceptors. Furthermore, beta2-adrenoceptor might play a more important role in this process. Our findings might provide a chemoprevention and therapy strategy for cigarette smoke-related ESCC carcinogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Carcinogens/toxicity
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/physiopathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Esophageal Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Esophageal Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Nitrosamines/toxicity
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjiong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (PL)
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (PL)
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81
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Ning Z, Zhu H, Li F, Liu Q, Liu G, Tan T, Zhang B, Chen S, Li G, Huang D, Meltzer SJ, Zhang H. Tumor suppression by miR-31 in esophageal carcinoma is p21-dependent. Genes Cancer 2014; 5:436-44. [PMID: 25568668 PMCID: PMC4279440 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNA regulation network is important for the cancer genetic heterogeneity. Relative to the increasing numbers of microRNA's targets identified, upstream regulatory mechanisms that control functional microRNAs are less well-documented. Here, we investigated the function of miR-31, a pleiotropically-acting microRNA, in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). We demonstrated that miR-31 only exerted tumor-suppressive effects in TE-7 ESCC cells, but not in TE-1 ESCC cells, although both of these cell lines harbor inactive p53. Interestingly, TE-1 cells highly expressed p21, while p21 levels were virtually undetectable in TE-7 cells, suggesting a p21-dependent mechanism of miR-31-mediated tumor suppression. Accordingly, knockdown of p21 in TE-1 cells reversed the tumor suppressive actions of miR-31. In patient ESCC specimens, real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that expression of E2F2 and STK40, two known miR-31 target oncogenes, was negatively correlated with the expression of miR-31 in a p21-dependent manner, supporting the conclusion that miR-31 only downregulates its target oncogenes when p21 levels are low. Collectively, these data suggest a novel mechanism through which the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-31 is p21-dependent. In addition, we speculate that delivery of miR-31 could provide therapeutic benefit in the personalized management of a subgroup of ESCC patients with p21-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Ning
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology basic medicine college, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei province, China
- Department of Biotherapy and Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Biotherapy and Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Biotherapy and Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gefei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shaobin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanwu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongyang Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Stephen J. Meltzer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy and Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Tumor Tissue Bank, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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82
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Chen Y, Jiang T, Mao A, Xu J. Esophageal cancer stem cells express PLGF to increase cancer invasion through MMP9 activation. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:12749-55. [PMID: 25213700 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a distinct population in tumors and cause cancer relapse and metastasis. Thus, treating CSCs are believed to be potential to cure rapidly growing and highly metastatic cancers. To date, CSCs in esophageal cancer have not been characterized. In the current study, we detected significant higher levels of placental growth factor (PLGF) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in the esophageal cancers with metastasis, compared to those without metastasis, in which the expression levels of PLGF and MMP9 strongly correlated with each other. Thus, we used a human esophageal cancer cell line, TE-1, to examine the cross talk of PLGF and MMP9. We found that the levels of PLGF in TE-1 cells positively affected the levels of MMP9, while the levels of MMP9 did not affected the levels of PLGF, suggesting that PLGF may activate MMP9 in esophageal cancer cells. Then, we separated PLGF-positive and PLGF-negative TE-1 cells that had been transfected with a GFP reporter under a PLGF promoter by flow cytometry. We found that PLGF-positive cells grew significantly faster than PLGF-negative cells both in vitro and in vivo in a stereotactical implantation model, suggesting that PLGF-positive cells are likely CSCs in esophageal cancer. Taken together, we demonstrate that PLGF-positive cells appear to be CSCs in esophageal cancer, and they may release PLGF to promote cancer metastasis through MMP9 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
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83
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Roeder F, Nicolay NH, Nguyen T, Saleh-Ebrahimi L, Askoxylakis V, Bostel T, Zwicker F, Debus J, Timke C, Huber PE. Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with concurrent chemotherapy as definitive treatment of locally advanced esophageal cancer. Radiat Oncol 2014; 9:191. [PMID: 25175056 PMCID: PMC4156653 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-9-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To report our experience with increased dose intensity-modulated radiation and concurrent systemic chemotherapy as definitive treatment of locally advanced esophageal cancer. Patients and methods We analyzed 27 consecutive patients with histologically proven esophageal cancer, who were treated with increased-dose IMRT as part of their definitive therapy. The majority of patients had T3/4 and/or N1 disease (93%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the dominating histology (81%). IMRT was delivered in step-and-shoot technique in all patients using an integrated boost concept. The boost volume was covered with total doses of 56-60 Gy (single dose 2-2.14 Gy), while regional nodal regions received 50.4 Gy (single dose 1.8 Gy) in 28 fractions. Concurrent systemic therapy was scheduled in all patients and administered in 26 (96%). 17 patients received additional adjuvant systemic therapy. Loco-regional control, progression-free and overall survival as well as acute and late toxicities were retrospectively analyzed. In addition, quality of life was prospectively assessed according to the EORTC QLQs (QLQ-OG25, QLQ-H&N35 and QLQ-C30). Results Radiotherapy was completed as planned in all but one patient (96%), and 21 patients received more than 80% of the planned concurrent systemic therapy. We observed ten locoregional failures, transferring into actuarial 1-, 2- and 3-year-locoregional control rates of 77%, 65% and 48%. Seven patients developed distant metastases, mainly to the lung (71%). The actuarial 1-, 2- and 3-year-disease free survival rates were 58%, 48% and 36%, and overall survival rates were 82%, 61% and 56%. The concept was well tolerated, both in the clinical objective examination and also according to the subjective answers to the QLQ questionnaire. 14 patients (52%) suffered from at least one acute CTC grade 3/4 toxicity, mostly hematological side effects or dysphagia. Severe late toxicities were reported in 6 patients (22%), mostly esophageal strictures and ulcerations. Severe side effects to skin, lung and heart were rare. Conclusion IMRT with concurrent systemic therapy in the definitive treatment of esophageal cancer using an integrated boost concept with doses up to 60 Gy is feasible and yields good results with acceptable acute and late overall toxicity and low side effects to skin, lung and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter E Huber
- CCU Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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84
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Gong FF, Lu SS, Hu CY, Qian ZZ, Feng F, Wu YL, Yang HY, Sun YH. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) polymorphism and susceptibility to esophageal cancer: an updated meta-analysis of 27 studies. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10351-61. [PMID: 25048966 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) polymorphisms are known to play a crucial role in the development and metastasis of malignant diseases including esophageal cancer. However, the results of previous studies investigating the association between CYP1A1 polymorphisms and esophageal cancer risk have been inconsistent. This meta-analysis of 27 eligible studies, encompassing 4,215 esophageal cancer cases and 6,339 control subjects, pooled the odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) to assess this association. The effects of ethnicity (Caucasian and Asian) and histopathology type (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma) were considered in subgroup analyses. A significant association was observed between the CYP1A1 Ile/Val gene polymorphism and esophageal cancer in all of the genetic models (Ile/Val vs. Ile/Ile, OR = 1.41, 95 % CI = 1.25-1.58; Val/Val vs. Ile/Ile, OR = 1.94, 95 % CI = 1.34-2.82; Ile/Val + Val/Val vs. Ile/Ile, OR = 1.49, 95 % CI = 1.33-1.66). The subgroup analysis based on ethnicity showed that the association between the CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphism and esophageal cancer existed in Asian and Caucasian populations. However, no association was observed between the CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism and esophageal cancer in either subgroup or in the overall population. These results suggested that the CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer, whereas the CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism may not have increased susceptibility to esophageal cancer. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Feng Gong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
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85
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Geppert CI, Rümmele P, Sarbia M, Langer R, Feith M, Morrison L, Pestova E, Schneider-Stock R, Hartmann A, Rau TT. Multi-colour FISH in oesophageal adenocarcinoma-predictors of prognosis independent of stage and grade. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2985-95. [PMID: 24853183 PMCID: PMC4056055 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oesophageal adenocarcinoma or Barrett's adenocarcinoma (EAC) is increasing in incidence and stratification of prognosis might improve disease management. Multi-colour fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) investigating ERBB2, MYC, CDKN2A and ZNF217 has recently shown promising results for the diagnosis of dysplasia and cancer using cytological samples. METHODS To identify markers of prognosis we targeted four selected gene loci using multi-colour FISH applied to a tissue microarray containing 130 EAC samples. Prognostic predictors (P1, P2, P3) based on genomic copy numbers of the four loci were statistically assessed to stratify patients according to overall survival in combination with clinical data. RESULTS The best stratification into favourable and unfavourable prognoses was shown by P1, percentage of cells with less than two ZNF217 signals; P2, percentage of cells with fewer ERBB2- than ZNF217 signals; and P3, overall ratio of ERBB2-/ZNF217 signals. Median survival times for P1 were 32 vs 73 months, 28 vs 73 months for P2; and 27 vs 65 months for P3. Regarding each tumour grade P2 subdivided patients into distinct prognostic groups independently within each grade, with different median survival times of at least 35 months. CONCLUSIONS Cell signal number of the ERBB2 and ZNF217 loci showed independence from tumour stage and differentiation grade. The prognostic value of multi-colour FISH-assays is applicable to EAC and is superior to single markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-I Geppert
- 1] Department of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstrasse 8/10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany [2] Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region Nuremberg 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Rümmele
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Sarbia
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - R Langer
- Department of Pathology, University Bern, CH 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Feith
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - L Morrison
- Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Oro Valley, AZ 85755, USA
| | - E Pestova
- Abbott Molecular, Des Plaines, IL 60018, USA
| | - R Schneider-Stock
- 1] Department of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstrasse 8/10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany [2] Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region Nuremberg 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Hartmann
- 1] Department of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstrasse 8/10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany [2] Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region Nuremberg 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T T Rau
- 1] Department of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstrasse 8/10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany [2] Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region Nuremberg 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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86
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Zhang DH, Chen JY, Hong CQ, Yi DQ, Wang F, Cui W. High-risk human papillomavirus infection associated with telomere elongation in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with poor prognosis. Cancer 2014; 120:2673-83. [PMID: 24840723 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere maintenance is crucial in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The results of a previous study from the authors indicated that infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types 16, 18, and 58 was a risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the Shantou region of China. In the current study, the authors explored the association between HR-HPV infection, telomere length (TL), and DNA methylation and their significance in the prognosis of patients with ESCC. METHODS TL and DNA methylation were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in 70 cases of ESCC tumor (T) and paired nontumor (NT) tissues and 50 cases of normal esophagus (NE). The prognostic value of TL and DNA methylation in ESCC was analyzed. RESULTS TL gradually decreased from NE to NT to T tissue. TL in tumor tissue (T-TL) was found to be longer in tissue that was positive for HR-HPV compared with negative tissue and was found to be positively associated with viral load (Spearman correlation, 0.410; P = .037) and integration (represented by the ratio of HR-HPV E2 to E6/E7 genes; P = .01). The DNA methylation ratio of human telomerase reverse transcriptase was more prevalent with long (≥ 0.7) compared with short (< 0.7) T-TL and was positively correlated with T-TL (Spearman correlation, 0.318; P = .007) and HR-HPV integration (P = .036). Furthermore, Cox proportional hazards modeling revealed a high ratio of T-TL to NT-TL (≥ 0.80) as a factor of poor prognosis, independent of other clinicopathologic variables. CONCLUSIONS HR-HPV infection and integration related to telomere elongation and DNA methylation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase may be a potential biomarker of prognosis in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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87
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Chen CH, Ferreira JCB, Gross ER, Mochly-Rosen D. Targeting aldehyde dehydrogenase 2: new therapeutic opportunities. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1-34. [PMID: 24382882 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of detoxifying enzymes called aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) has been a subject of recent interest, as its role in detoxifying aldehydes that accumulate through metabolism and to which we are exposed from the environment has been elucidated. Although the human genome has 19 ALDH genes, one ALDH emerges as a particularly important enzyme in a variety of human pathologies. This ALDH, ALDH2, is located in the mitochondrial matrix with much known about its role in ethanol metabolism. Less known is a new body of research to be discussed in this review, suggesting that ALDH2 dysfunction may contribute to a variety of human diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and cancer. Recent studies suggest that ALDH2 dysfunction is also associated with Fanconi anemia, pain, osteoporosis, and the process of aging. Furthermore, an ALDH2 inactivating mutation (termed ALDH2*2) is the most common single point mutation in humans, and epidemiological studies suggest a correlation between this inactivating mutation and increased propensity for common human pathologies. These data together with studies in animal models and the use of new pharmacological tools that activate ALDH2 depict a new picture related to ALDH2 as a critical health-promoting enzyme.
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88
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Chen Y, Yu C, Li Y. Physical activity and risks of esophageal and gastric cancers: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88082. [PMID: 24516584 PMCID: PMC3916353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of esophageal and gastric cancer has been increasing rapidly worldwide in recent years, although the reason for this increase is unclear. Here, a statistical synthesis of studies that evaluated the association between physical activity, a well-known protecting factor against death and other chronic diseases, and the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer was performed. METHODS Potentially suitable studies were identified using Medline and Embase. The reference lists of all included articles and those of several recent reviews were searched manually. Studies were included if they (1) were published as case-control or cohort studies evaluating the association between physical activity and risk of esophageal or gastric cancer; and (2) reported point estimates (i.e., risk ratios, odds ratios) and measures of variability (i.e., 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for physical activity and risk of esophageal or gastric cancer. RESULTS Fifteen studies were identified (7 cohorts, 8 case-controls; 984 esophageal and 7,087 gastric cancers). Collectively, they indicated that the risk of gastric cancer was 13% lower among the most physically active people than among the least active people (RR = 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78 to 0.97) and that of esophageal cancer was 27% lower (RR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.97). CONCLUSIONS Pooled results from observational studies support a protective effect of physical activity against both esophageal and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Youming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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89
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Tsibouris P, Vlachou E, Isaacs PET. Role of chemoprophylaxis with either NSAIDs or statins in patients with Barrett's esophagus. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2014; 5:27-39. [PMID: 24605249 PMCID: PMC3944467 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v5.i1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma, a poor prognosis neoplasia, has risen dramatically in recent decades. Barrett's esophagus represents the best-known risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma development. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs through cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition and prostaglandin metabolism regulation could control cell proliferation, increase cell apoptosis and regulate the expression of growth and angiogenic factors. Statins can achieve equivalent effects through prenylation and subsequently control of cellular signaling cascades. At present, epidemiological studies are small and underpowered. Their data could not justify either medication as a chemo-preventive agent. Population based studies have shown a 43% reduction of the odds of developing an esophageal adenocarcinoma, leaving out or stating a 25% reduction in patients consuming non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and a 50% reduction in those patients consuming aspirin. They have also stated a 19% reduction of esophageal cancer incidence when statins have been used. Observational studies have shown that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could reduce the adenocarcinoma incidence in patients with Barrett's esophagus by 41%, while statins could reduce the risk by 43%. The cancer preventive effect has been enhanced in those patients taking a combination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins (a 74% decrease). Observational data are equivocal concerning the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug subclasses. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs clearly have substantial potential for toxicity, while statins are rather safe drugs. In conclusion, both non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins are promising chemopreventive agents and deserve further exploration with interventional studies. In the meanwhile, their use is justified only in patients with cardiovascular disease.
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90
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Butt J, Kandel G. Barrett esophagus: when to endoscope. Clin Endosc 2014; 47:40-6. [PMID: 24570882 PMCID: PMC3928490 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2014.47.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing interest in identifying an effective strategy for decreasing the burden of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has been fuelled by the rising EAC rates worldwide, the morbidity associated with esophagectomy, and the development of endoscopic methods for curing early-stage EAC. In the face of this enthusiasm, however, we should be cautious about continuing our current evidence-free approach to screening and one with unclear benefits and unclear costs to the community. The literature is increasingly recognizing that the value of traditional endoscopy for screening and surveillance of Barrett esophagus may be more limited than initially believed. A better understanding of the risk factors for Barrett esophagus and progression to dysplasia and a more individualized risk calculation will be useful in defining populations to consider for Barrett screening. The development of novel, nonendoscopic screening techniques and of less expensive endoscopic techniques holds promise for a cost-effective screening and surveillance method to curtail the increasing rates of EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Butt
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Centre for Therapeutic Endoscopy and Endoscopic Oncology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gabor Kandel
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Centre for Therapeutic Endoscopy and Endoscopic Oncology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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91
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YUAN YUNFENG, XUE LIANG, FAN HONG. Screening of differentially expressed genes related to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and functional analysis with DNA microarrays. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1163-70. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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92
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IGFBP7 is associated with poor prognosis in oesophageal adenocarcinoma and is regulated by promoter DNA methylation. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:775-82. [PMID: 24357797 PMCID: PMC3915137 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined whether silencing of IGFBP7 was associated with survival in patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS Protein expression of IGFBP7 was determined using immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray representing tumours from 65 patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma who had not had neoadjuvant therapy. DNA methylation of the IGFBP7 promoter was determined with the melt curve analysis in cell lines and patient tissues. RESULTS Expression of IGFBP7 was observed in the oesophageal adenocarcinoma of 34 out of 65 (52%) patients and was associated with significantly reduced median (11 vs 92 months) and 5-year survival (25% vs 52%). Multivariate analysis identified expression as an independent prognostic indicator for survival (hazard ratio=3.24, 95% confidence interval=1.58-6.67, P-value=0.0014). Hypermethylation of IGFBP7 was associated with silencing of gene expression in cell lines and patient tissues (P-value=0.0225). Methylation was observed in the squamous mucosa of 2 out of 15 (13%) patients with Barrett's oesophagus and 3 out of 17 (18%) with oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Methylation was observed in 14 out of 18 (78%) of biopsies of Barrett's mucosa and 23 out of 34 (68%) patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION Reduced IGFBP7 protein expression was associated with longer survival in patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Methylation of the IGFBP7 promoter was associated with silencing of gene expression and was frequent in Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
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93
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Li Y, Guo H, Dong D, Wu H, Li E. Expression and prognostic relevance of cyclophilin A and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:207. [PMID: 24351116 PMCID: PMC3878405 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To guide clinicians in selecting treatment options for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients, reliable markers predictive of clinical outcome are desirable. This study analyzed the correlation of cyclophilin A (CypA) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in ESCC and their relationships to clinicopathological features and survival. Methods We immunohistochemically investigated 70 specimens of ESCC tissues using CypA and MMP9 antibodies. Then, the correlations between CypA and MMP9 expression and clinicopathological features and its prognostic relevance were determined. Results Significant correlations were only found in high level of CypA and MMP9 expression with tumor differentiation and lymph node status. Significant positive correlations were found between the expression status of CypA and that of MMP9. Overexpression of CypA and metastasis were significantly associated with shorter progression free survival times in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis confirmed that CypA expression was an independent prognostic factor. Conclusions CypA might be correlated with the differentiation, and its elevated expression may be an adverse prognostic indicator for the patients of ESCC. CypA/MMP9 signal pathway may be attributed to the malignant transformation of ESCC, and attention should be paid to a possible target for therapy. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1166551968105508.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No, 277, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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94
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Wang F, Xia J, Wang N, Zong H. miR-145 inhibits proliferation and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in part by targeting c-Myc. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 36:754-8. [PMID: 24356567 DOI: 10.1159/000356978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in human esophageal cancer and crucial to tumorigenesis. Herein, we identified the role of miR-145 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) development in vitro and in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS miR-145 expression was investigated in 40 ESCC samples as well as 5 ESCC cell lines by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Crystal violet and transwell assays were conducted to explore the effects of miR-145 on the proliferation and invasion of human ESCC cell lines, respectively. The impact of overexpression of miR-145 on putative target c-Myc was subsequently confirmed via Western blot. RESULTS miR-145 expression was frequently downregulated in ESCC specimens and cell lines compared with adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.05). Overexpression of miR-145 suppressed (p < 0.05) ESCC cell proliferation and invasion, as well as the growth of xenograft tumors in mice. Overexpression of miR-145 significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the protein level of c-Myc which has previously been identified as a direct target of miR-145. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that overexpression of miR-145 inhibits tumor growth in part by targeting c-Myc. Our findings revealed that miR-145 may act as a tumor suppressor in ESCC, and its dysregulation may be involved in the initiation and development of human ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
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95
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Ge XS, Ma HJ, Zheng XH, Ruan HL, Liao XY, Xue WQ, Chen YB, Zhang Y, Jia WH. HOTAIR, a prognostic factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, inhibits WIF-1 expression and activates Wnt pathway. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:1675-82. [PMID: 24118380 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been recently found to be pervasively transcribed in the genome and critical regulators of the epigenome. HOTAIR, as a well-known LncRNA, has been found to play important roles in several tumors. Herein, the clinical application value and biological functions of HOTAIR were focused and explored in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). It was found that there was a great upregulation of HOTAIR in ESCC compared to their adjacent normal esophageal tissues. Meanwhile, patients with high HOTAIR expression have a significantly poorer prognosis than those with low expression. Moreover, HOTAIR was further validated to promote migration and invasion of ESCC cells in vitro. Then some specific molecules with great significance were investigated after HOTAIR overexpression using microarray and quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). WIF-1 playing an important role in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was selected and further tested by immunehistochemistry. Generally, inverse correlation between HOTAIR and WIF-1 expression was demonstrated both in ESCC cells and tissues. Mechanistically, HOTAIR directly decreased WIF-1 expression by promoting its histone H3K27 methylation in the promoter region and then activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This newly identified HOTAIR/WIF-1 axis clarified the molecular mechanism of ESCC cell metastasis and represented a novel therapeutic target in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Song Ge
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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96
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Sun X, Qiu JJ, Zhu S, Cao B, Sun L, Li S, Li P, Zhang S, Dong S. Oncogenic features of PHF8 histone demethylase in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77353. [PMID: 24146981 PMCID: PMC3795633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It has been reported that histone demethylases are involved in the carcinogenesis of certain types of tumors. Here, we studied the role of one of the histone lysine demethylases, plant homeodomain finger protein 8 (PHF8), in the carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Using short hairpin RNA via lentiviral infection, we established stable ESCC cell lines with constitutive downregulation of PHF8 expression. Knockdown of PHF8 in ESCC cells resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and an increase of apoptosis. Moreover, there were reductions of both anchorage-dependent and -independent colony formation. In vitro migration and invasion assays showed that knockdown of PHF8 led to a reduction in the number of migratory and invasive cells. Furthermore, downregulation of PHF8 attenuated the tumorigenicity of ESCC cells in vivo. Taken together, our study revealed the oncogenic features of PHF8 in ESCC, suggesting that PHF8 may be a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujing Sun
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jihui Julia Qiu
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Dong
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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97
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Ma J, Yu X, Guo L, Lu SH. DUSP6, a tumor suppressor, is involved in differentiation and apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1624-1630. [PMID: 24260056 PMCID: PMC3834198 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), a specific negative feedback regulator of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, was found to play an important role in numerous types of solid tumors as a tumor suppressor. In this study, 64.2% (61/95) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) specimens studied exhibited reduced DUSP6 protein expression, compared with 91% (81/89) of normal esophageal specimens that displayed moderate or strong DUSP6 protein expression in tissue microarray analysis. In total, 36.8% (7/19) of the tumor biopsies displayed at least two-fold downregulation of DUSP6 compared with their paired normal counterparts, by qPCR. Significant loss of DUSP6 was observed in EC9706 and KYSE150 ESCC cell lines by immunoblotting assay. Low DUSP6 protein expression was significantly associated with pathological grade in ESCC by immunohistochemistry (P<0.05). Treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine restored DUSP6 expression in the two ESCC cell lines, and the expression varied according to the drug concentration. Methylation-specific PCR analysis showed methylation-specific products in the two ESCC cell lines. We observed significant differences in the early and total apoptotic proportion between the control and experimental groups of the two ESCC cell lines and their transfectants (P<0.001) by annexin/propidium iodide assay. The presence of cleaved PARP product, a marker of caspase-mediated apoptosis, expressed in the two pCMV-DUSP6 transfectants in marked contrast to the parental and pCMV-transfected EC9706 and KYSE150 cells, was observed by immunoblotting. Overall, our results support the role of DUSP6 as a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene in ESCC, which may be a potential prognostic marker for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
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98
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Association between CYP1A1 polymorphisms and esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6035-42. [PMID: 24065535 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) enzyme is a member of the CYP superfamily of enzymes. CYP1A1 A2455G and T3801C are two most commonly studied polymorphisms loci. Previous studies have reported that CYP1A1 polymorphisms increase esophageal cancer (EC) risk. However, the results remain controversial and ambiguous. To further investigate the association between CYP1A1 polymorphisms (A2455G and T3801C) and EC risk. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association between CYP1A1 polymorphisms and EC risk. A total of 13 articles (A2455G and T3801C: 2 papers, A2455G: 8 papers, T3801C: 3 papers) from the PubMed containing information on the CYP1A1 polymorphisms and EC were included in this meta-analysis, with summational sample size of 1,881 EC cases and 3,786 controls. Stratified analysis was performed to evaluate the ethnicity (Caucasians and Asian) and histopathology type (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma) effect. No obvious publication bias in the two polymorphisms was observed. Our meta-analysis revealed a significant association between the A2455G polymorphism and EC (OR = 1.55 per A allele, 95 % CI 1.29-1.85, P < 0.001). Stratification analysis by ethnicity and histopathology type showed significant association in the population of Asian origin (OR = 1.55, 95 % CI 1.28-1.89, P < 0.001) and in histopathology type of ESCC (OR = 1.40, 95 % CI 1.19-1.65, P < 0.001). We didn't observe the significant association between CYP1A1 T3801C polymorphism and EC. We observed a difference of allele frequencies between Caucasian and Asian population in the meta-analysis. The allele frequencies in our meta-analysis were consistent with the allele frequencies in 1000 Genome Project. Our meta-analysis demonstrated distinct evidence that CYP1A1 A2455G polymorphism was associated with the risk of EC.
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99
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Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EsC) is one of the least studied and deadliest cancers worldwide because of its extremely aggressive nature and poor survival rate. It ranks sixth among all cancers in mortality. In retrospective studies of EsC, smoking, hot tea drinking, red meat consumption, poor oral health, low intake of fresh fruit and vegetables, and low socioeconomic status have been associated with a higher risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Barrett’s esophagus is clearly recognized as a risk factor for EsC, and dysplasia remains the only factor useful for identifying patients at increased risk, for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma in clinical practice. Here, we investigated the epidemiologic patterns and causes of EsC. Using population based cancer data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program of the United States; we generated the most up-to-date stage distribution and 5-year relative survival by stage at diagnosis for 1998-2009. Special note should be given to the fact that esophageal cancer, mainly adenocarcinoma, is one of the very few cancers that is contributing to increasing death rates (20%) among males in the United States. To further explore the mechanism of development of EsC will hopefully decrease the incidence of EsC and improve outcomes.
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100
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Quaas A, Bahar AS, von Loga K, Seddiqi AS, Singer JM, Omidi M, Kraus O, Kwiatkowski M, Trusch M, Minner S, Burandt E, Stahl P, Wilczak W, Wurlitzer M, Simon R, Sauter G, Marx A, Schlüter H. MALDI imaging on large-scale tissue microarrays identifies molecular features associated with tumour phenotype in oesophageal cancer. Histopathology 2013; 63:455-62. [PMID: 23855813 DOI: 10.1111/his.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) and tissue microarray (TMA) technologies were jointly utilized to search for molecular features associated with clinicopathological parameters in oesophageal cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS Two TMAs from formalin-fixed tissue samples, including 300 adenocarcinomas and 177 squamous cell carcinomas with clinical follow-up data, were analysed. MALDI-MSI analysis revealed 72 distinct mass per charge (m/z) signals associated with tumour cells, 48 of which were found in squamous cell carcinomas only, and 12 of which were specific for adenocarcinomas. In adenocarcinomas, six signals were linked to early-stage (pT1-T2) tumours (two signals) and the presence (one signal) or absence (three signals) of lymph node metastasis. In squamous cell carcinomas, 24 signals were strongly linked to different phenotypic features, including tumour stage (four signals), histological grade (four signals), and lymph node metastasis (three signals). CONCLUSIONS The high number of m/z signals that were found to be significantly linked to one or more phenotypic features of oesophageal cancer highlights the power of MALDI-MSI in the analysis of high-density TMAs. The data also emphasise substantial biological differences between adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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