51
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Suzuki T, Koike Y, Ashikawa K, Otomo N, Takahashi A, Aoi T, Kamatani N, Nakamura Y, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Momozawa Y, Terao C, Yamakawa K. Genome-wide association study of epilepsy in a Japanese population identified an associated region at chromosome 12q24. Epilepsia 2021; 62:1391-1400. [PMID: 33913524 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although a number of genes responsible for epilepsy have been identified through Mendelian genetic approaches, and genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have implicated several susceptibility loci, the role of ethnic-specific markers remains to be fully explored. We aimed to identify novel genetic associations with epilepsy in a Japanese population. METHODS We conducted a GWAS on 1825 patients with a variety of epilepsies and 7975 control individuals. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis of epilepsy-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed using Japanese eQTL data. RESULTS We identified a novel region, which is ~2 Mb (lead SNP rs149212747, p = 8.57 × 10-10 ), at chromosome 12q24 as a risk for epilepsy. Most of these loci were polymorphic in East Asian populations including Japanese, but monomorphic in the European population. This region harbors 24 transcripts including genes expressed in the brain such as CUX2, ATXN2, BRAP, ALDH2, ERP29, TRAFD1, HECTD4, RPL6, PTPN11, and RPH3A. The eQTL analysis revealed that the associated SNPs are also correlated to differential expression of genes at 12q24. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that a gene or genes in the CUX2-RPH3A ~2-Mb region contribute to the pathology of epilepsy in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Suzuki
- Department of Neurodevelopmental Disorder Genetics, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Aichi, Japan.,Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Koike
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kyota Ashikawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nao Otomo
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Aoi
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kamatani
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Cancer Precision Medicine Research Center, The Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamakawa
- Department of Neurodevelopmental Disorder Genetics, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Aichi, Japan.,Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
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52
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Spracklen CN, Sim X. Progress in Defining the Genetic Contribution to Type 2 Diabetes in Individuals of East Asian Ancestry. Curr Diab Rep 2021; 21:17. [PMID: 33846905 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-021-01388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and progression of complications differ between worldwide populations. While obesity is a major contributing risk factor, variations in physiological manifestations, e.g., developing T2D at lower body mass index in some populations, suggest other contributing factors. Early T2D genetic associations were mostly discovered in European ancestry populations. This review describes the progression of genetic discoveries associated with T2D in individuals of East Asian ancestry in the last 10 years and highlights the shared genetic susceptibility between the population groups and additional insights into genetic contributions to T2D. RECENT FINDINGS Through increased sample size and power, new genetic associations with T2D were discovered in East Asian ancestry populations, often with higher allele frequencies than European ancestry populations. As we continue to generate maps of T2D-associated variants across diverse populations, there will be a critical need to expand and diversify other omics resources to enable integration for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 715 North Pleasant Street, 429 Arnold House, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA.
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.
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53
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Ben-David E, Boocock J, Guo L, Zdraljevic S, Bloom JS, Kruglyak L. Whole-organism eQTL mapping at cellular resolution with single-cell sequencing. eLife 2021; 10:e65857. [PMID: 33734084 PMCID: PMC8062134 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic regulation of gene expression underlies variation in disease risk and other complex traits. The effect of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) varies across cell types; however, the complexity of mammalian tissues makes studying cell-type eQTLs highly challenging. We developed a novel approach in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that uses single-cell RNA sequencing to map eQTLs at cellular resolution in a single one-pot experiment. We mapped eQTLs across cell types in an extremely large population of genetically distinct C. elegans individuals. We found cell-type-specific trans eQTL hotspots that affect the expression of core pathways in the relevant cell types. Finally, we found single-cell-specific eQTL effects in the nervous system, including an eQTL with opposite effects in two individual neurons. Our results show that eQTL effects can be specific down to the level of single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Ben-David
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University School of MedicineJerusalemIsrael
| | - James Boocock
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Longhua Guo
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Stefan Zdraljevic
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Joshua S Bloom
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Leonid Kruglyak
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
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54
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Sonehara K, Okada Y. Genomics-driven drug discovery based on disease-susceptibility genes. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:8. [PMID: 33691789 PMCID: PMC7944616 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous disease-susceptibility genes. As knowledge of gene–disease associations accumulates, it is becoming increasingly important to translate this knowledge into clinical practice. This challenge involves finding effective drug targets and estimating their potential side effects, which often results in failure of promising clinical trials. Here, we review recent advances and future perspectives in genetics-led drug discovery, with a focus on drug repurposing, Mendelian randomization, and the use of multifaceted omics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuto Sonehara
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan. .,Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan. .,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
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55
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Hitomi Y, Aiba Y, Kawai Y, Kojima K, Ueno K, Nishida N, Kawashima M, Gervais O, Khor SS, Nagasaki M, Tokunaga K, Nakamura M, Tsuiji M. rs1944919 on chromosome 11q23.1 and its effector genes COLCA1/COLCA2 confer susceptibility to primary biliary cholangitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4557. [PMID: 33633225 PMCID: PMC7907150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic, progressive cholestatic liver disease in which intrahepatic bile ducts are destroyed by an autoimmune reaction. Our previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified chromosome 11q23.1 as a susceptibility gene locus for PBC in the Japanese population. Here, high-density association mapping based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) imputation and in silico/in vitro functional analyses identified rs1944919 as the primary functional variant. Expression-quantitative trait loci analyses showed that the PBC susceptibility allele of rs1944919 was significantly associated with increased COLCA1/COLCA2 expression levels. Additionally, the effects of rs1944919 on COLCA1/COLCA2 expression levels were confirmed using genotype knock-in versions of cell lines constructed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and differed between rs1944919-G/G clones and -T/T clones. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the contribution of COLCA1/COLCA2 to PBC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hitomi
- Department of Microbiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Aiba
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization (NHO) Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawai
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaname Kojima
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuko Ueno
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Nishida
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | | | - Olivier Gervais
- Human Biosciences Unit for the Top Global Course Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seik-Soon Khor
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- Human Biosciences Unit for the Top Global Course Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Nakamura
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization (NHO) Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Japan.,Department of Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Omura, Japan.,Headquarters of PBC Research in NHO Study Group for Liver Disease in Japan (NHOSLJ), Clinical Research Center, NHO Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuiji
- Department of Microbiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
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56
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Shirai Y, Okada Y. Elucidation of disease etiology by trans-layer omics analysis. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:6. [PMID: 33557957 PMCID: PMC7871538 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have successfully identified thousands of associations between genetic polymorphisms and human traits. However, the pathways between the associated genotype and phenotype are often poorly understood. The transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, the omics, are positioned along the pathway and can provide useful information to translate from genotype to phenotype. This review shows useful data resources for connecting each omics and describes how they are combined into a cohesive analysis. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) are useful information for connecting the genome and other omics. QTL represent how much genetic variants have effects on other omics and give us clues to how GWAS risk SNPs affect biological mechanisms. Integration of each omics provides a robust analytical framework for estimating disease causality, discovering drug targets, and identifying disease-associated tissues. Technological advances and the rise of consortia and biobanks have facilitated the analyses of unprecedented data, improving both the quality and quantity of research. Proficient management of these valuable datasets allows discovering novel insights into the genetic background and etiology of complex human diseases and contributing to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Shirai
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
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57
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Ha E, Bang SY, Lim J, Yun JH, Kim JM, Bae JB, Lee HS, Kim BJ, Kim K, Bae SC. Genetic variants shape rheumatoid arthritis-specific transcriptomic features in CD4 + T cells through differential DNA methylation, explaining a substantial proportion of heritability. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:876-883. [PMID: 33436383 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CD4+ T cells have been suggested as the most disease-relevant cell type in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in which RA-risk non-coding variants exhibit allele-specific effects on regulation of RA-driving genes. This study aimed to understand RA-specific signatures in CD4+ T cells using multi-omics data, interpreting inter-omics relationships in shaping the RA transcriptomic landscape. METHODS We profiled genome-wide variants, gene expression and DNA methylation in CD4+ T cells from 82 patients with RA and 40 healthy controls using high-throughput technologies. We investigated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential methylated regions (DMRs) in RA and localised quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for expression and methylation. We then integrated these based on individual-level correlations to inspect DEG-regulating sources and investigated the potential regulatory roles of RA-risk variants by a partitioned-heritability enrichment analysis with RA genome-wide association summary statistics. RESULTS A large number of RA-specific DEGs were identified (n=2575), highlighting T cell differentiation and activation pathways. RA-specific DMRs, preferentially located in T cell regulatory regions, were correlated with the expression levels of 548 DEGs mostly in the same topologically associating domains. In addition, expressional variances in 771 and 83 DEGs were partially explained by expression QTLs for DEGs and methylation QTLs (meQTLs) for DEG-correlated DMRs, respectively. A large number of RA variants were moderately to strongly correlated with meQTLs. DEG-correlated DMRs, enriched with meQTLs, had strongly enriched heritability of RA. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that the methylomic changes, driven by RA heritability-explaining variants, shape the differential expression of a substantial fraction of DEGs in CD4+ T cells in patients with RA, reinforcing the importance of a multidimensional approach in disease-relevant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Ha
- Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical SciencesBiology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Bang
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Lim
- Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical SciencesBiology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Yun
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bum Bae
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Soon Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangwoo Kim
- Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical SciencesBiology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea .,Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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58
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Suzuki A, Guerrini MM, Yamamoto K. Functional genomics of autoimmune diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:689-697. [PMID: 33408079 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
For more than a decade, genome-wide association studies have been applied to autoimmune diseases and have expanded our understanding on the pathogeneses. Genetic risk factors associated with diseases and traits are essentially causative. However, elucidation of the biological mechanism of disease from genetic factors is challenging. In fact, it is difficult to identify the causal variant among multiple variants located on the same haplotype or linkage disequilibrium block and thus the responsible biological genes remain elusive. Recently, multiple studies have revealed that the majority of risk variants locate in the non-coding region of the genome and they are the most likely to regulate gene expression such as quantitative trait loci. Enhancer, promoter and long non-coding RNA appear to be the main target mechanisms of the risk variants. In this review, we discuss functional genetics to challenge these puzzles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Suzuki
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Matteo Maurizio Guerrini
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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59
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Lincoln MR, Axisa PP, Hafler DA. Epigenetic fine-mapping: identification of causal mechanisms for autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 67:50-56. [PMID: 32977183 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic susceptibility loci for a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. These studies confirm the fundamental genetic basis of individual autoimmune diseases, and also point to shared etiological mechanisms across the spectrum of autoimmunity. While hundreds of genetic loci have been implicated in autoimmune diseases, the translation of individual susceptibility loci into specific molecular mechanisms for individual diseases remains difficult. This review highlights recent advances in the genetics of autoimmune disease, and the emerging use of epigenetic techniques to identify pathogenic cell types and causal molecular mechanisms of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Lincoln
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pierre-Paul Axisa
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - David A Hafler
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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60
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Akiyama M. Multi-omics study for interpretation of genome-wide association study. J Hum Genet 2020; 66:3-10. [PMID: 32948838 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-00842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified thousands of genetic loci associated with complex traits, including a wide variety of diseases. Despite the successful identification of associated loci, interpreting GWAS findings remains challenging and requires other biological resources. Omics, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics, are increasingly used in a broad range of research fields. Integrative analyses applying GWAS with these omics data are expected to expand our knowledge of complex traits and provide insight into the pathogenesis of complex diseases and their causative factors. Recently, associations between genetic variants and omics data have been comprehensively evaluated, providing new information on the influence of genetic variants on omics. Furthermore, recent advances in analytic methods, including single-cell technologies, have revealed previously unknown disease mechanisms. To advance our understanding of complex traits, integrative analysis using GWAS with multi-omics data is needed. In this review, I describe successful examples of integrative analyses based on omics and GWAS, discuss the limitations of current multi-omics analyses, and provide a perspective on future integrative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Akiyama
- Department of Ocular Pathology and Imaging Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. .,Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
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61
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Micanovic R, LaFavers K, Garimella PS, Wu XR, El-Achkar TM. Uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall protein): guardian of urinary and systemic homeostasis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 35:33-43. [PMID: 30649494 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biology has taught us that a protein as abundantly made and conserved among species as Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP or uromodulin) cannot just be a waste product serving no particular purpose. However, for many researchers, THP is merely a nuisance during urine proteome profiling or exosome purification and for clinicians an enigmatic entity without clear disease implications. Thanks to recent human genetic and correlative studies and animal modeling, we now have a renewed appreciation of this highly prevalent protein in not only guarding urinary homeostasis, but also serving as a critical mediator in systemic inter-organ signaling. Beyond a mere barrier that lines the tubules, or a surrogate for nephron mass, mounting evidence suggests that THP is a multifunctional protein critical for modulating renal ion channel activity, salt/water balance, renal and systemic inflammatory response, intertubular communication, mineral crystallization and bacterial adhesion. Indeed, mutations in THP cause a group of inherited kidney diseases, and altered THP expression is associated with increased risks of urinary tract infection, kidney stone, hypertension, hyperuricemia and acute and chronic kidney diseases. Despite the recent surge of information surrounding THP's physiological functions and disease involvement, our knowledge remains incomplete regarding how THP is normally regulated by external and intrinsic factors, how precisely THP deficiency leads to urinary and systemic pathophysiology and in what clinical settings THP can be used as a theranostic biomarker and a target for modulation to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Micanovic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kaice LaFavers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pranav S Garimella
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Tarek M El-Achkar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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62
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Boissier MC, Biton J, Semerano L, Decker P, Bessis N. Origins of rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2020; 87:301-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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63
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Suzuki A, Terao C, Yamamoto K. Linking of genetic risk variants to disease-specific gene expression via multi-omics studies in rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020; 49:S49-S53. [PMID: 31779853 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of unknown pathologic mechanism. Extensive single-level analyses have been conducted, including genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and genome-wide copy number variation analyses, whole transcriptomics, and epigenetic analyses. These data are analyzed separately to identify RA-associated genetic components. Recently, it has become possible to integrate these analyses, as multi-omics studies, to obtain more accurate results to infer novel insights into disease causality. GWASs have enabled us to understand RA causal risks, but how these risks are functionally related to RA remains unclear. To date, more than 100 loci have been associated with RA, and 80% of these risk variants are located in non-coding regions. This suggests that polygenic diseases such as RA are likely to be substantiated by changes in the RNA expression of responsible genes, rather than structural or functional changes in proteins. These genetic variants would also affect promoter and enhancer activity, alternative splicing, chromatin configuration, and mRNA stability. Loci identified by GWASs that have no apparent connection to each other may also be controlled by common transcription factors. Statistical approaches such as gene enrichment analysis and polygenic analysis may clarify the key genetic contribution that cannot be identified by GWAS significant signals. These approaches could also clarify many of the missing links between genetic risk variants and causal genetic components, thus expanding our understanding of RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Suzuki
- Laboratory for Autoimmune diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Autoimmune diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
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64
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Manthiram K, Preite S, Dedeoglu F, Demir S, Ozen S, Edwards KM, Lapidus S, Katz AE, Feder HM, Lawton M, Licameli GR, Wright PF, Le J, Barron KS, Ombrello AK, Barham B, Romeo T, Jones A, Srinivasalu H, Mudd PA, DeBiasi RL, Gül A, Marshall GS, Jones OY, Chandrasekharappa SC, Stepanovskiy Y, Ferguson PJ, Schwartzberg PL, Remmers EF, Kastner DL. Common genetic susceptibility loci link PFAPA syndrome, Behçet's disease, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14405-14411. [PMID: 32518111 PMCID: PMC7322016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is the most common periodic fever syndrome in children. The disease appears to cluster in families, but the pathogenesis is unknown. We queried two European-American cohorts and one Turkish cohort (total n = 231) of individuals with PFAPA for common variants previously associated with two other oropharyngeal ulcerative disorders, Behçet's disease and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. In a metaanalysis, we found that a variant upstream of IL12A (rs17753641) is strongly associated with PFAPA (OR 2.13, P = 6 × 10-9). We demonstrated that monocytes from individuals who are heterozygous or homozygous for this risk allele produce significantly higher levels of IL-12p70 upon IFN-γ and LPS stimulation than those from individuals without the risk allele. We also found that variants near STAT4, IL10, and CCR1-CCR3 were significant susceptibility loci for PFAPA, suggesting that the pathogenesis of PFAPA involves abnormal antigen-presenting cell function and T cell activity and polarization, thereby implicating both innate and adaptive immune responses at the oropharyngeal mucosa. Our results illustrate genetic similarities among recurrent aphthous stomatitis, PFAPA, and Behçet's disease, placing these disorders on a common spectrum, with recurrent aphthous stomatitis on the mild end, Behçet's disease on the severe end, and PFAPA intermediate. We propose naming these disorders Behçet's spectrum disorders to highlight their relationship. HLA alleles may be factors that influence phenotypes along this spectrum as we found new class I and II HLA associations for PFAPA distinct from Behçet's disease and recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Manthiram
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| | - Silvia Preite
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Fatma Dedeoglu
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Selcan Demir
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seza Ozen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kathryn M Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Sivia Lapidus
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, NJ 07601
| | - Alexander E Katz
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Henry M Feder
- Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT 06106
| | - Maranda Lawton
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Greg R Licameli
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Peter F Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Julie Le
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Karyl S Barron
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Amanda K Ombrello
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Beverly Barham
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tina Romeo
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Anne Jones
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Hemalatha Srinivasalu
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Pamela A Mudd
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Roberta L DeBiasi
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Ahmet Gül
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gary S Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Olcay Y Jones
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889
| | | | - Yuriy Stepanovskiy
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Immunology, Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, 04112 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Polly J Ferguson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Elaine F Remmers
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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65
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Fujio K, Takeshima Y, Nakano M, Iwasaki Y. Review: transcriptome and trans-omics analysis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Inflamm Regen 2020; 40:11. [PMID: 32566045 PMCID: PMC7301441 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which was recognized as a defined clinical entity more than 100 years ago, is an archetype for systemic autoimmune diseases. The 10-year survival of SLE patients has shown dramatic improvement during the last half-century. However, SLE patients receiving long-term prednisone therapy are at high risk of morbidity due to organ damage. Identification of key immune pathways is mandatory to develop a suitable therapy and to stratify patients based on their responses to therapy. Recently developed transcriptome and omic analyses have revealed a number of immune pathways associated with systemic autoimmunity. In addition to type I interferon, plasmablast and neutrophil signatures demonstrate associations with the SLE phenotype. Systematic investigations of these findings enable us to understand and stratify SLE according to the clinical and immunological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 113-8655 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takeshima
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 113-8655 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 113-8655 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Iwasaki
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 113-8655 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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66
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Matsunaga H, Ito K, Akiyama M, Takahashi A, Koyama S, Nomura S, Ieki H, Ozaki K, Onouchi Y, Sakaue S, Suna S, Ogishima S, Yamamoto M, Hozawa A, Satoh M, Sasaki M, Yamaji T, Sawada N, Iwasaki M, Tsugane S, Tanaka K, Arisawa K, Ikezaki H, Takashima N, Naito M, Wakai K, Tanaka H, Sakata Y, Morita H, Sakata Y, Matsuda K, Murakami Y, Akazawa H, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Komuro I. Transethnic Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies Identifies Three New Loci and Characterizes Population-Specific Differences for Coronary Artery Disease. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2020; 13:e002670. [PMID: 32469254 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.119.002670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies provided many biological insights into coronary artery disease (CAD), but these studies were mainly performed in Europeans. Genome-wide association studies in diverse populations have the potential to advance our understanding of CAD. METHODS We conducted 2 genome-wide association studies for CAD in the Japanese population, which included 12 494 cases and 28 879 controls and 2808 cases and 7261 controls, respectively. Then, we performed transethnic meta-analysis using the results of the coronary artery disease genome-wide replication and meta-analysis plus the coronary artery disease 1000 Genomes meta-analysis with UK Biobank. We then explored the pathophysiological significance of these novel loci and examined the differences in CAD-susceptibility loci between Japanese and Europeans. RESULTS We identified 3 new loci on chromosome 1q21 (CTSS), 10q26 (WDR11-FGFR2), and 11q22 (RDX-FDX1). Quantitative trait locus analyses suggested the association of CTSS and RDX-FDX1 with atherosclerotic immune cells. Tissue/cell type enrichment analysis showed the involvement of arteries, adrenal glands, and fat tissues in the development of CAD. We next compared the odds ratios of lead variants for myocardial infarction at 76 genome-wide significant loci in the transethnic meta-analysis and a moderate correlation between Japanese and Europeans, where 8 loci showed a difference. Finally, we performed tissue/cell type enrichment analysis using East Asian-frequent and European-frequent variants according to the risk allele frequencies and identified significant enrichment of adrenal glands in the East Asian-frequent group while the enrichment of arteries and fat tissues was found in the European-frequent group. These findings indicate biological differences in CAD susceptibility between Japanese and Europeans. CONCLUSIONS We identified 3 new loci for CAD and highlighted the genetic differences between the Japanese and European populations. Moreover, our transethnic analyses showed both shared and unique genetic architectures between the Japanese and Europeans. While most of the underlying genetic bases for CAD are shared, further analyses in diverse populations will be needed to elucidate variations fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsunaga
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genomics & Informatics (H. Matsunaga, K.I., S.K., H. Ieki, K.O., Y.O.), Kanagawa.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (H. Matsunaga, S.N., H. Ieki, H.M., H.A., I.K.), University of Tokyo
| | - Kaoru Ito
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genomics & Informatics (H. Matsunaga, K.I., S.K., H. Ieki, K.O., Y.O.), Kanagawa
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis (M.A., A.T., S. Sakaue, Y.K.), Kanagawa
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis (M.A., A.T., S. Sakaue, Y.K.), Kanagawa.,Department of Genomic Medicine, Research Institute, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Osaka (A.T.)
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genomics & Informatics (H. Matsunaga, K.I., S.K., H. Ieki, K.O., Y.O.), Kanagawa
| | - Seitaro Nomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (H. Matsunaga, S.N., H. Ieki, H.M., H.A., I.K.), University of Tokyo.,Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science & Technologies (S.N.), University of Tokyo
| | - Hirotaka Ieki
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genomics & Informatics (H. Matsunaga, K.I., S.K., H. Ieki, K.O., Y.O.), Kanagawa.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (H. Matsunaga, S.N., H. Ieki, H.M., H.A., I.K.), University of Tokyo
| | - Kouichi Ozaki
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genomics & Informatics (H. Matsunaga, K.I., S.K., H. Ieki, K.O., Y.O.), Kanagawa.,Division for Genomic Medicine, Medical Genome Center, National Center for Geriatrics & Gerontology, Obu (K.O.)
| | - Yoshihiro Onouchi
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genomics & Informatics (H. Matsunaga, K.I., S.K., H. Ieki, K.O., Y.O.), Kanagawa.,Department of Public Health, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine (Y.O.)
| | - Saori Sakaue
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis (M.A., A.T., S. Sakaue, Y.K.), Kanagawa
| | - Shinichiro Suna
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (S. Suna, Yasushi Sakata)
| | - Soichi Ogishima
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (S.O., M.Y.), Tohoku University, Sendai
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (S.O., M.Y.), Tohoku University, Sendai
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Epidemiology (A.H.), Tohoku University, Sendai
| | - Mamoru Satoh
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University (M. Satoh, M. Sasaki)
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University (M. Satoh, M. Sasaki)
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology (T.Y., N.S., M.I.), National Cancer Center, Tokyo
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Epidemiology (T.Y., N.S., M.I.), National Cancer Center, Tokyo
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology (T.Y., N.S., M.I.), National Cancer Center, Tokyo
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Center for Public Health Sciences (S.T.), National Cancer Center, Tokyo
| | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University (K.T.)
| | - Kokichi Arisawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School (K.A.)
| | - Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (H. Ikezaki)
| | - Naoyuki Takashima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu (N.T.)
| | - Mariko Naito
- Department of Oral Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University (M.N.).,Department of Preventive Medicine (M.N., K.W.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine (M.N., K.W.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology (H.T.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine.,Division of Epidemiology & Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya (H.T.)
| | - Yasuhiko Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (Yasuhiko Sakata)
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (H. Matsunaga, S.N., H. Ieki, H.M., H.A., I.K.), University of Tokyo
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (S. Suna, Yasushi Sakata)
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Department of Computational Biology & Medical Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences (K.M.), University of Tokyo
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science (Y.M.), University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroshi Akazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (H. Matsunaga, S.N., H. Ieki, H.M., H.A., I.K.), University of Tokyo
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (M.K.), Kanagawa
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis (M.A., A.T., S. Sakaue, Y.K.), Kanagawa.,Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative School in Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (Y.K.)
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (H. Matsunaga, S.N., H. Ieki, H.M., H.A., I.K.), University of Tokyo
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Jung S, Liu W, Baek J, Moon JW, Ye BD, Lee HS, Park SH, Yang SK, Han B, Liu J, Song K. Expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) Mapping in Korean Patients With Crohn's Disease and Identification of Potential Causal Genes Through Integration With Disease Associations. Front Genet 2020; 11:486. [PMID: 32477412 PMCID: PMC7240107 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) datasets have extensively been used to help interpret genome-wide association study signals. Most eQTL analyses have been conducted with populations of European ancestry. Objective To determine the most functionally relevant genes at the Crohn’s disease (CD) loci identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving Asian populations and to find novel disease-associated genes, we conducted an eQTL analysis. Methods eQTL analysis was performed using whole-blood RNA-sequencing of 101 Korean patients with CD. FastQTL was used for a pair-wise genome analysis of ∼ 6.5 M SNPs and ∼ 22 K transcripts. Results We identified 135,164 cis-eQTL and 3,816 eGenes with a false discovery rate less than 0.05. A significant proportion of the genes identified in our study overlapped with those identified in previous studies. The significantly enriched pathways of these 3,816 eGenes included neutrophil degranulation and small molecule biosynthetic process. Integrated analysis of CD GWAS with Korean eQTL revealed two putative target genes, TNFSF15 and GPR35, at two previously reported loci, whereas TNFSF15 only with the whole blood data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, highlighting the utility of building a population-specific data set, even of modest size. The risk alleles of these genes were found to be associated with lower expression levels of TNFSF15 and GPR35, respectively. Our eQTL browser can be accessed at “http://asan.crohneqtl.com/”. Conclusion This resource would be useful for studies that need to employ genome-wide association analyses involving Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulgi Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wenting Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiwon Baek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Won Moon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho-Su Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyoung Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk-Kyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Buhm Han
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kyuyoung Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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68
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Di D, Ye Q, Wu X, Zhang L, Wang X, Liu R, Huang Q, Ni J, Leng R. Polymorphisms of BLK are associated with renal disorder in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Hum Genet 2020; 65:675-681. [PMID: 32313195 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-0756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies are inconclusive on the relationships between BLK gene polymorphisms and clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The present study aimed to estimate association between BLK loci and SLE clinical features in Chinese population. Associations between BLK single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to SLE in this study were estimated using data of 1205 health controls previously reported in the same population. And a total of 814 SLE patients recruited from two different sources according with ACR criteria were analyzed for genotype-phenotype associations. A meta-analysis was conducted of the associations between BLK loci and renal disorder in SLE. The expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data were also extracted from the public databases for the selected SNPs. Significant associations were observed between these SNPs and susceptibility to SLE. In addition, the data showed that rs2618479 and rs7812879 were associated with renal disorder [OR = 1.51 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.99) and 1.61 (95% CI: 1.21, 2.14), Pcorr = 0.033 and 0.011, respectively] and proteinuria [OR = 1.47 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.95) and 1.52 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.03), Pcorr = 0.048 and 0.040, respectively]. The consistent associations were observed in two independent centers as well as new cases group. The result of meta-analysis for rs2618479 was also significant [OR = 1.35 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.62)]. In addition, bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that the two SNPs were significantly associated with the expression of BLK in whole blood and several immune cells. Our data support that variant loci of BLK are associated with presence of renal disorder in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Di
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qianling Ye
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xufan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ruishan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruixue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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69
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van der Wijst MGP, de Vries DH, Groot HE, Trynka G, Hon CC, Bonder MJ, Stegle O, Nawijn MC, Idaghdour Y, van der Harst P, Ye CJ, Powell J, Theis FJ, Mahfouz A, Heinig M, Franke L. The single-cell eQTLGen consortium. eLife 2020; 9:e52155. [PMID: 32149610 PMCID: PMC7077978 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, functional genomics approaches combining genetic information with bulk RNA-sequencing data have identified the downstream expression effects of disease-associated genetic risk factors through so-called expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing creates enormous opportunities for mapping eQTLs across different cell types and in dynamic processes, many of which are obscured when using bulk methods. Rapid increase in throughput and reduction in cost per cell now allow this technology to be applied to large-scale population genetics studies. To fully leverage these emerging data resources, we have founded the single-cell eQTLGen consortium (sc-eQTLGen), aimed at pinpointing the cellular contexts in which disease-causing genetic variants affect gene expression. Here, we outline the goals, approach and potential utility of the sc-eQTLGen consortium. We also provide a set of study design considerations for future single-cell eQTL studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- MGP van der Wijst
- Department of Genetics, Oncode Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - DH de Vries
- Department of Genetics, Oncode Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - HE Groot
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - G Trynka
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- Open TargetsHinxtonUnited Kingdom
| | - CC Hon
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical SciencesYokahamaJapan
| | - MJ Bonder
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany
| | - O Stegle
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany
| | - MC Nawijn
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - Y Idaghdour
- Program in Biology, Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - P van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - CJ Ye
- Institute for Human Genetics, Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, Department of Medicine, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - J Powell
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute, UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - FJ Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of MunichGarching bei MünchenGermany
| | - A Mahfouz
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of TechnologyDelftNetherlands
| | - M Heinig
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
- Department of Informatics, Technical University of MunichGarching bei MünchenGermany
| | - L Franke
- Department of Genetics, Oncode Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenNetherlands
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Gutierrez-Arcelus M, Baglaenko Y, Arora J, Hannes S, Luo Y, Amariuta T, Teslovich N, Rao DA, Ermann J, Jonsson AH, Navarrete C, Rich SS, Taylor KD, Rotter JI, Gregersen PK, Esko T, Brenner MB, Raychaudhuri S. Allele-specific expression changes dynamically during T cell activation in HLA and other autoimmune loci. Nat Genet 2020; 52:247-253. [PMID: 32066938 PMCID: PMC7135372 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies have revealed that autoimmune susceptibility variants are over-represented in memory CD4+ T cell regulatory elements1-3. Understanding how genetic variation affects gene expression in different T cell physiological states is essential for deciphering genetic mechanisms of autoimmunity4,5. Here, we characterized the dynamics of genetic regulatory effects at eight time points during memory CD4+ T cell activation with high-depth RNA-seq in healthy individuals. We discovered widespread, dynamic allele-specific expression across the genome, where the balance of alleles changes over time. These genes were enriched fourfold within autoimmune loci. We found pervasive dynamic regulatory effects within six HLA genes. HLA-DQB1 alleles had one of three distinct transcriptional regulatory programs. Using CRISPR-Cas9 genomic editing we demonstrated that a promoter variant is causal for T cell-specific control of HLA-DQB1 expression. Our study shows that genetic variation in cis-regulatory elements affects gene expression in a manner dependent on lymphocyte activation status, contributing to the interindividual complexity of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuriy Baglaenko
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jatin Arora
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Susan Hannes
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yang Luo
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tiffany Amariuta
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikola Teslovich
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepak A Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joerg Ermann
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Helena Jonsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Navarrete
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Division of Genomic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Division of Genomic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Peter K Gregersen
- The Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Tonu Esko
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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71
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Morgan MD, Patin E, Jagla B, Hasan M, Quintana-Murci L, Marioni JC. Quantitative genetic analysis deciphers the impact of cis and trans regulation on cell-to-cell variability in protein expression levels. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008686. [PMID: 32168362 PMCID: PMC7094872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the factors that shape protein expression variability in complex multi-cellular organisms has primarily focused on promoter architecture and regulation of single-cell expression in cis. However, this targeted approach has to date been unable to identify major regulators of cell-to-cell gene expression variability in humans. To address this, we have combined single-cell protein expression measurements in the human immune system using flow cytometry with a quantitative genetics analysis. For the majority of proteins whose variability in expression has a heritable component, we find that genetic variants act in trans, with notably fewer variants acting in cis. Furthermore, we highlight using Mendelian Randomization that these variability-Quantitative Trait Loci might be driven by the cis regulation of upstream genes. This indicates that natural selection may balance the impact of gene regulation in cis with downstream impacts on expression variability in trans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Morgan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK–Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Etienne Patin
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR2000, Paris, France
| | - Bernd Jagla
- Cytometry and Biomarkers UTechS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatisque, Départment de Biologie Computationalle—USR 3756 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Milena Hasan
- Cytometry and Biomarkers UTechS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Lluís Quintana-Murci
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR2000, Paris, France
- Human Genomics and Evolution, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - John C. Marioni
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK–Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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72
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Lymphocyte DNA methylation mediates genetic risk at shared immune-mediated disease loci. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1438-1451. [PMID: 31945409 PMCID: PMC7201180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.12.910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Defining regulatory mechanisms through which noncoding risk variants influence the cell-mediated pathogenesis of immune-mediated disease (IMD) has emerged as a priority in the post–genome-wide association study era. Objectives With a focus on rheumatoid arthritis, we sought new insight into genetic mechanisms of adaptive immune dysregulation to help prioritize molecular pathways for targeting in this and related immune pathologies. Methods Whole-genome methylation and transcriptional data from isolated CD4+ T cells and B cells of more than 100 genotyped and phenotyped patients with inflammatory arthritis, all of whom were naive to immunomodulatory treatments, were obtained. Analysis integrated these comprehensive data with genome-wide association study findings across IMDs and other publicly available resources. Results We provide strong evidence that disease-associated DNA variants regulate cis-CpG methylation in CD4+ T and/or B cells at 37% RA loci. Using paired, cell-specific transcriptomic data and causal inference testing, we identify examples where site-specific DNA methylation in turn mediates gene expression, including FCRL3 in both cell types and ORMDL3/GSDMB, IL6ST/ANKRD55, and JAZF1 in CD4+ T cells. A number of genes regulated in this way highlight mechanisms common to RA and other IMDs including multiple sclerosis and asthma, in turn distinguishing them from osteoarthritis, a primarily degenerative disease. Finally, we corroborate the observed effects experimentally. Conclusions Our observations highlight important mechanisms of genetic risk in RA and the wider context of immune dysregulation. They confirm the utility of DNA methylation profiling as a tool for causal gene prioritization and, potentially, therapeutic targeting in complex IMD.
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73
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Masuda T, Low SK, Akiyama M, Hirata M, Ueda Y, Matsuda K, Kimura T, Murakami Y, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Okada Y. GWAS of five gynecologic diseases and cross-trait analysis in Japanese. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 28:95-107. [PMID: 31488892 PMCID: PMC6906293 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed genome-wide association studies of five gynecologic diseases using data of 46,837 subjects (5236 uterine fibroid, 645 endometriosis, 647 ovarian cancer (OC), 909 uterine endometrial cancer (UEC), and 538 uterine cervical cancer (UCC) cases allowing overlaps, and 39,556 shared female controls) from Biobank Japan Project. We used the population-specific imputation reference panel (n = 3541), yielding 7,645,193 imputed variants. Analyses performed under logistic model, linear mixed model, and model incorporating correlations identified nine significant associations with three gynecologic diseases including four novel findings (rs79219469:C > T, LINC02183, P = 3.3 × 10−8 and rs567534295:C > T, BRCA1, P = 3.1 × 10−8 with OC, rs150806792:C > T, INS-IGF2, P = 4.9 × 10−8 and rs140991990:A > G, SOX9, P = 3.3 × 10−8 with UCC). Random-effect meta-analysis of the five GWASs correcting for the overlapping subjects suggested one novel shared risk locus (rs937380553:A > G, LOC730100, P = 2.0 × 10−8). Reverse regression analysis identified three additional novel associations (rs73494486:C > T, GABBR2, P = 4.8 × 10−8, rs145152209:A > G, SH3GL3/BNC1, P = 3.3 × 10−8, and rs147427629:G > A, LOC107985484, P = 3.8 × 10−8). Estimated heritability ranged from 0.026 for OC to 0.220 for endometriosis. Genetic correlations were relatively strong between OC and UEC, endometriosis and OC, and uterine fibroid and OC (rg > 0.79) compared with relatively weak correlations between UCC and the other four (rg = −0.08 ~ 0.25). We successfully identified genetic associations with gynecologic diseases in the Japanese population. Shared genetic effects among multiple related diseases may help understanding the pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Masuda
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Siew-Kee Low
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirata
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate school of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Institute of Medical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative School in Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan. .,Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
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74
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Li P, Wang X, Guo X, Wen Y, Liu L, Liang X, Du Y, Wu C, Wang S, Zhang F. Integrative analysis of genome-wide association study and expression quantitative trait loci datasets identified various immune cell-related pathways for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Hum Genet 2019; 84:72-79. [PMID: 31486066 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune chronic disorder manifesting as warm, swollen, and painful joints. Multiple immune cells are implicated in the development of RA. Previous studies demonstrated that integrating the genetic information of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) is capable of identifying new disease-risk loci and providing novel insights into the etiology of complex human disease. In this study, we conducted an integrative pathway association analysis of RA by using GWAS summary data and five immune cell types related to eQTL datasets of RA. After combining the cell-specific eQTLs and GWAS summary of RA and performing a pathway-enrichment analysis, we detected a group of RA-associated pathways with common or cell-specific enriched in the five immune cell types. 41 pathways for B cells, 33 pathways for CD4+ T cells, 27 pathways for CD8+ T cells, 39 pathways for monocyte, and 25 pathways for natural killer cells are significant in RA, among which 48% are common pathways and 32% are cell-specific pathways. We detected a group of RA-associated eQTL pathways related to five different immune cell types. Our findings may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Guo
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wen
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Du
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Cuiyan Wu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
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75
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Li Y, Shen Y, Jin K, Wen Z, Cao W, Wu B, Wen R, Tian L, Berry GJ, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. The DNA Repair Nuclease MRE11A Functions as a Mitochondrial Protector and Prevents T Cell Pyroptosis and Tissue Inflammation. Cell Metab 2019; 30:477-492.e6. [PMID: 31327667 PMCID: PMC7093039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA), CD4+ T cells promote pro-inflammatory effector functions by shunting glucose away from glycolysis and ATP production. Underlying mechanisms remain unknown, and here we implicate the DNA repair nuclease MRE11A in the cells' bioenergetic failure. MRE11A deficiency in RA T cells disrupted mitochondrial oxygen consumption and suppressed ATP generation. Also, MRE11A loss of function caused leakage of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the cytosol, triggering inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 activation, and pyroptotic cell death. Caspase-1 activation was frequent in lymph-node-residing T cells in RA patients. In vivo, pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of MRE11A resulted in tissue deposition of mtDNA, caspase-1 proteolysis, and aggressive tissue inflammation. Conversely, MRE11A overexpression restored mitochondrial fitness and shielded tissue from inflammatory attack. Thus, the nuclease MRE11A regulates a mitochondrial protection program, and MRE11A deficiency leads to DNA repair defects, energy production, and failure and loss of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Li
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bowen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ru Wen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jorg J Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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76
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Zhu M, Xu K, Chen Y, Gu Y, Zhang M, Luo F, Liu Y, Gu W, Hu J, Xu H, Xie Z, Sun C, Li Y, Sun M, Xu X, Hsu HT, Chen H, Fu Q, Shi Y, Xu J, Ji L, Liu J, Bian L, Zhu J, Chen S, Xiao L, Li X, Jiang H, Shen M, Huang Q, Fang C, Li X, Huang G, Fan J, Jiang Z, Jiang Y, Dai J, Ma H, Zheng S, Cai Y, Dai H, Zheng X, Zhou H, Ni S, Jin G, She JX, Yu L, Polychronakos C, Hu Z, Zhou Z, Weng J, Shen H, Yang T. Identification of Novel T1D Risk Loci and Their Association With Age and Islet Function at Diagnosis in Autoantibody-Positive T1D Individuals: Based on a Two-Stage Genome-Wide Association Study. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:1414-1421. [PMID: 31152121 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a highly heritable disease with much lower incidence but more adult-onset cases in the Chinese population. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >60 T1D loci in Caucasians, less is known in Asians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed the first two-stage GWAS of T1D using 2,596 autoantibody-positive T1D case subjects and 5,082 control subjects in a Chinese Han population and evaluated the associations between the identified T1D risk loci and age and fasting C-peptide levels at T1D diagnosis. RESULTS We observed a high genetic correlation between children/adolescents and adult T1D case subjects (r g = 0.87), as well as subgroups of autoantibody status (r g ≥ 0.90). We identified four T1D risk loci reaching genome-wide significance in the Chinese Han population, including two novel loci, rs4320356 near BTN3A1 (odds ratio [OR] 1.26, P = 2.70 × 10-8) and rs3802604 in GATA3 (OR 1.24, P = 2.06 × 10-8), and two previously reported loci, rs1770 in MHC (OR 4.28, P = 2.25 × 10-232) and rs705699 in SUOX (OR 1.46, P = 7.48 × 10-20). Further fine mapping in the MHC region revealed five independent variants, including another novel locus, HLA-C position 275 (omnibus P = 9.78 × 10-12), specific to the Chinese population. Based on the identified eight variants, we achieved an area under the curve value of 0.86 (95% CI 0.85-0.88). By building a genetic risk score (GRS) with these variants, we observed that the higher GRS were associated with an earlier age of T1D diagnosis (P = 9.08 × 10-11) and lower fasting C-peptide levels (P = 7.19 × 10-3) in individuals newly diagnosed with T1D. CONCLUSIONS Our results extend current knowledge on genetic contributions to T1D risk. Further investigations in different populations are needed for genetic heterogeneity and subsequent precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuanfeng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feihong Luo
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hsiang-Ting Hsu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Bian
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hemin Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianwen Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuqin Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwen Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shining Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Liping Yu
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- The Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China .,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China .,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Tsuchida Y, Sumitomo S, Ota M, Tsuchiya H, Nagafuchi Y, Shoda H, Fujio K, Ishigaki K, Yamaguchi K, Suzuki A, Kochi Y, Yamamoto K. Reduction of CD83 Expression on B Cells and the Genetic Basis for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Comment on the Article by Thalayasingam et al. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 70:1695-1696. [PMID: 29938925 DOI: 10.1002/art.40652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Tsuchida
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Sumitomo
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mineto Ota
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nagafuchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shoda
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Akari Suzuki
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuta Kochi
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
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78
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Biological characterization of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) showing tissue-specific opposite directional effects. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1745-1756. [PMID: 31296926 PMCID: PMC6871526 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpreting the susceptible loci documented by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) is of utmost importance in the post-GWAS era. Since most complex traits are contributed by multiple tissues, analyzing tissue-specific effects of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) is a promising approach. Here we describe “opposite eQTL effects”, i.e., gene expression effects of eQTLs that are in the opposite direction between different tissues, as the biologically meaningful annotations of genes and genetic variants for understanding the GWAS loci. The genes and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the opposite eQTL effects (opp-multi-eQTL-Genes and opp-multi-eQTL-SNPs) were extracted from the largest eQTL database provided by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project (release version 7). The opposite eQTL effects were detected even between closely related tissues such as cerebellum and brain cortex, and a significant proportion of the genes having eQTLs were annotated as the opp-multi-eQTL-Genes (2,323 out of 31,212; 7.4%). The opp-multi-eQTL-SNPs showed locational enrichment at the transcription start site and also possible involvement of epigenetic regulation. The biological importance of the opposite eQTL effects was also assessed using the SNPs reported in GWASs (GWAS-SNPs), which demonstrated that a high proportion of the opp-multi-eQTL-SNPs are in linkage disequilibrium with the GWAS-SNPs (2,498 out of 9,290; 26.9%). Based on the results, the opposite eQTL effects can be a common phenomenon in the tissue-specific gene regulation with a possible contribution to the development of complex traits.
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Aterido A, Cañete JD, Tornero J, Blanco F, Fernández-Gutierrez B, Pérez C, Alperi-López M, Olivè A, Corominas H, Martínez-Taboada V, González I, Fernández-Nebro A, Erra A, López-Lasanta M, López Corbeto M, Palau N, Marsal S, Julià A. A Combined Transcriptomic and Genomic Analysis Identifies a Gene Signature Associated With the Response to Anti-TNF Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1459. [PMID: 31312201 PMCID: PMC6614444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most frequent autoimmune disease involving the joints. Although anti-TNF therapies have proven effective in the management of RA, approximately one third of patients do not show a significant clinical response. The objective of this study was to identify new genetic variation associated with the clinical response to anti-TNF therapy in RA. Methods: We performed a sequential multi-omic analysis integrating different sources of molecular information. First, we extracted the RNA from synovial biopsies of 11 RA patients starting anti-TNF therapy to identify gene coexpression modules (GCMs) in the RA synovium. Second, we analyzed the transcriptomic association between each GCM and the clinical response to anti-TNF therapy. The clinical response was determined at week 14 using the EULAR criteria. Third, we analyzed the association between the GCMs and anti-TNF response at the genetic level. For this objective, we used genome-wide data from a cohort of 348 anti-TNF treated patients from Spain. The GCMs that were significantly associated with the anti-TNF response were then tested for validation in an independent cohort of 2,706 anti-TNF treated patients. Finally, the functional implication of the validated GCMs was evaluated via pathway and cell type epigenetic enrichment analyses. Results: A total of 149 GCMs were identified in the RA synovium. From these, 13 GCMs were found to be significantly associated with anti-TNF response (P < 0.05). At the genetic level, we detected two of the 13 GCMs to be significantly associated with the response to adalimumab (P = 0.0015) and infliximab (P = 0.021) in the Spain cohort. Using the independent cohort of RA patients, we replicated the association of the GCM associated with the response to adalimumab (P = 0.0019). The validated module was found to be significantly enriched for genes involved in the nucleotide metabolism (P = 2.41e-5) and epigenetic marks from immune cells, including CD4+ regulatory T cells (P = 0.041). Conclusions: These findings show the existence of a drug-specific genetic basis for anti-TNF response, thereby supporting treatment stratification in the search for response biomarkers in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Aterido
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan D Cañete
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Tornero
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario De Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Francisco Blanco
- Rheumatology Department, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Carolina Pérez
- Rheumatology Department, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alex Olivè
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Héctor Corominas
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Moisès Broggi, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Isidoro González
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, IIS La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández-Nebro
- UGC Reumatología, Instituto Investigación Biomédica Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alba Erra
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Sant Rafael, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María López-Lasanta
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Núria Palau
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Marsal
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Julià
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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80
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Motegi T, Kochi Y, Matsuda K, Kubo M, Yamamoto K, Momozawa Y. Identification of rare coding variants in TYK2 protective for rheumatoid arthritis in the Japanese population and their effects on cytokine signalling. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:1062-1069. [PMID: 31118190 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified approximately 100 loci for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the disease mechanisms are not completely understood. We evaluated the pathogenesis of RA by focusing on rare coding variants. METHODS The coding regions of 98 candidate genes identified by GWAS were sequenced in 2294 patients with RA and 4461 controls in Japan. An association analysis was performed using cases and controls for variants, genes and domains of TYK2. Cytokine responses for two associated variants (R231W, rs201917359; and R703W, rs55882956) in TYK2 as well as a previously reported risk variant (P1004A, rs34536443) for multiple autoimmune diseases were evaluated by reporter assays. RESULTS A variant in TYK2 (R703W) showed a suggestive association (p=5.47×10-8, OR=0.48). We observed more accumulation of rare coding variants in controls in TYK2 (p=3.94×10-12, OR=0.56). The four-point-one, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM; 2.14×10-3, OR=0.66) and pseudokinase domains (1.63×10-8, OR=0.52) of TYK2 also showed enrichment of variants in controls. R231W in FERM domain especially reduced interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon (IFN)-γ signalling, whereas P1104A in kinase domain reduced IL-12, IL-23 and IFN-α signalling. R703W in pseudokinase domain reduced cytokine signals similarly to P1104A, but the effects were weaker than those of P1104A. CONCLUSIONS The FERM and pseudokinase domains in TYK2 were associated with the risk of RA in the Japanese population. Variants in TYK2 had different effects on cytokine signalling, suggesting that the regulation of selective cytokine signalling is a target for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Motegi
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuta Kochi
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
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81
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Amariuta T, Luo Y, Gazal S, Davenport EE, van de Geijn B, Ishigaki K, Westra HJ, Teslovich N, Okada Y, Yamamoto K, Price AL, Raychaudhuri S. IMPACT: Genomic Annotation of Cell-State-Specific Regulatory Elements Inferred from the Epigenome of Bound Transcription Factors. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:879-895. [PMID: 31006511 PMCID: PMC6506796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in annotating the genome with experimental methods, much of the regulatory noncoding genome remains poorly defined. Here we assert that regulatory elements may be characterized by leveraging local epigenomic signatures where specific transcription factors (TFs) are bound. To link these two features, we introduce IMPACT, a genome annotation strategy that identifies regulatory elements defined by cell-state-specific TF binding profiles, learned from 515 chromatin and sequence annotations. We validate IMPACT using multiple compelling applications. First, IMPACT distinguishes between bound and unbound TF motif sites with high accuracy (average AUPRC 0.81, SE 0.07; across 8 tested TFs) and outperforms state-of-the-art TF binding prediction methods, MocapG, MocapS, and Virtual ChIP-seq. Second, in eight tested cell types, RNA polymerase II IMPACT annotations capture more cis-eQTL variation than sequence-based annotations, such as promoters and TSS windows (25% average increase in enrichment). Third, integration with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) summary statistics from European (N = 38,242) and East Asian (N = 22,515) populations revealed that the top 5% of CD4+ Treg IMPACT regulatory elements capture 85.7% of RA h2, the most comprehensive explanation for RA h2 to date. In comparison, the average RA h2 captured by compared CD4+ T histone marks is 42.3% and by CD4+ T specifically expressed gene sets is 36.4%. Lastly, we find that IMPACT may be used in many different cell types to identify complex trait associated regulatory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Amariuta
- Center for Data Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yang Luo
- Center for Data Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Steven Gazal
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emma E Davenport
- Center for Data Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bryce van de Geijn
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Center for Data Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Center for Data Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nikola Teslovich
- Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Alkes L Price
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Huang Y, Zheng S, Wang R, Tang C, Zhu J, Li J. CCL5 and related genes might be the potential diagnostic biomarkers for the therapeutic strategies of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 38:2629-2635. [PMID: 31011897 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common disease of rheumatic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify gene signatures in RA and uncover their potential mechanisms. METHOD Gene expression profiles of GSE1919, GSE55235, GSE55457, and GSE77928 were downloaded from GEO database. The above four series contained 76 samples, including 44 RA patients and 32 normal controls. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was constructed by Cytoscape software. RESULTS Up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in biological processes, including immune response, positive regulation of immune system process and regulation of immune system process, while down-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in biological processes, including response to oxygen-containing compound, cellular lipid metabolic process, and lipid metabolic process. KEGG pathway analysis showed the up-regulated DEGs were enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, and primary immunodeficiency. The 104 hub genes, which were significantly differently expressed between patients and normal controls in at least two datasets, were identified from the PPI network, and subnetworks revealed that these genes were involved in significant pathways, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, and primary immunodeficiency. CONCLUSION The present study indicated that the identified DEGs and hub genes promote our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of RA, such as C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5), might have a negative impact in the development of RA. CCL5 and its related genes might be the potential diagnostic biomarkers for the therapeutic strategies of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinger Huang
- The Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Songyuan Zheng
- The Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ran Wang
- The Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuiping Tang
- The Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Junqing Zhu
- The Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- The Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Li
- The Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- The Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Genetic variants differentially associated with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus reveal the disease-specific biology. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2739. [PMID: 30804378 PMCID: PMC6390106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two rheumatic autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), have distinct clinical features despite their genetic similarities. We hypothesized that disease-specific variants exclusively associated with only one disease could contribute to disease-specific phenotypes. We calculated the strength of disease specificity for each variant in each disease against the other disease using summary association statistics reported in the largest genome-wide association studies of RA and SLE. Most of highly disease-specific associations were explained by non-coding variants that were significantly enriched within regulatory regions (enhancers or H3K4me3 histone modification marks) in specific cell or organ types. (e.g., In RA, regulatory T primary cells, CD4+ memory T primary cells, thymus and lung; In SLE, CD19+ B primary cells, mobilized CD34+ primary cells, regulatory T primary cells and monocytes). Consistently, genes in the disease-specific loci were significantly involved in T cell- and B cell-related gene sets in RA and SLE. In summary, this study identified disease-specific variants between RA and SLE, and provided statistical evidence for disease-specific cell types, organ and gene sets that may drive the disease-specific phenotypes.
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85
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Akizuki S, Ishigaki K, Kochi Y, Law SM, Matsuo K, Ohmura K, Suzuki A, Nakayama M, Iizuka Y, Koseki H, Ohara O, Hirata J, Kamatani Y, Matsuda F, Sumida T, Yamamoto K, Okada Y, Mimori T, Terao C. PLD4 is a genetic determinant to systemic lupus erythematosus and involved in murine autoimmune phenotypes. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:509-518. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is characterised by autoantibody production and widespread inflammation damaging many organs. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed over 80 genetic determinants of SLE, but they collectively explain a fraction of the heritability, and only a few were proven in vivo for the involvement in SLE. We conducted a meta-analysis of SLE GWAS in the Japanese population, followed by functional analyses of a susceptibility gene with use of mutant mice.MethodsWe conducted a meta-analysis of two GWASs comprising a total of 1363 cases and 5536 controls using the 1000 Genome Project data as an imputation reference. Enrichment analyses for functional annotations were conducted. We examined Phospholipase D4 (Pld4) mutant mice to assess functional involvement of a genetic determinant.ResultsWe found a total of 14 significant loci, which included rs2582511 in AHNAK2/PLD4 recently reported in a Chinese study and a novel locus of rs143181706 in MAMLD1 (p=7.9×10−11 and 3.7×10–8, respectively). PLD4 risk allele was associated with anti-dsDNA antibody production. Enrichment analysis of genetic signals revealed involvement of a wide range of immune-related cells and pathways. Pld4 mutant mice revealed remarkably low body weight. The mice demonstrated autoimmune phenotypes compatible with SLE, including splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, expansion of B cells and hypersecretion of BAFF and production of autoantibodies especially anti-nuclear antibody and anti-dsDNA antibody.Conclusions We found a novel susceptibility gene to SLE. Pld4 mutant mice revealed autoimmune phenotypes suggesting functional involvement of PLD4 with the basics of SLE.
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86
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Okada Y, Eyre S, Suzuki A, Kochi Y, Yamamoto K. Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis: 2018 status. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 78:446-453. [PMID: 30530827 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Study of the genetics of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) began about four decades ago with the discovery of HLA-DRB1 Since the beginning of this century, a number of non-HLA risk loci have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We now know that over 100 loci are associated with RA risk. Because genetic information implies a clear causal relationship to the disease, research into the pathogenesis of RA should be promoted. However, only 20% of GWAS loci contain coding variants, with the remaining variants occurring in non-coding regions, and therefore, the majority of causal genes and causal variants remain to be identified. The use of epigenetic studies, high-resolution mapping of open chromatin, chromosomal conformation technologies and other approaches could identify many of the missing links between genetic risk variants and causal genetic components, thus expanding our understanding of RA genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Stephen Eyre
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Akari Suzuki
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuta Kochi
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
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87
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Oki S, Ohta T, Shioi G, Hatanaka H, Ogasawara O, Okuda Y, Kawaji H, Nakaki R, Sese J, Meno C. ChIP-Atlas: a data-mining suite powered by full integration of public ChIP-seq data. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:e46255. [PMID: 30413482 PMCID: PMC6280645 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We have fully integrated public chromatin chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and DNase-seq data (n > 70,000) derived from six representative model organisms (human, mouse, rat, fruit fly, nematode, and budding yeast), and have devised a data-mining platform-designated ChIP-Atlas (http://chip-atlas.org). ChIP-Atlas is able to show alignment and peak-call results for all public ChIP-seq and DNase-seq data archived in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA), which encompasses data derived from GEO, ArrayExpress, DDBJ, ENCODE, Roadmap Epigenomics, and the scientific literature. All peak-call data are integrated to visualize multiple histone modifications and binding sites of transcriptional regulators (TRs) at given genomic loci. The integrated data can be further analyzed to show TR-gene and TR-TR interactions, as well as to examine enrichment of protein binding for given multiple genomic coordinates or gene names. ChIP-Atlas is superior to other platforms in terms of data number and functionality for data mining across thousands of ChIP-seq experiments, and it provides insight into gene regulatory networks and epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Oki
- Department of Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tazro Ohta
- Database Center for Life Science, Joint-Support Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Go Shioi
- Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideki Hatanaka
- National Bioscience Database Center, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogasawara
- DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Okuda
- DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- Preventive Medicine and Applied Genomics Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakaki
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Rhelixa Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Sese
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Humanome Lab Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikara Meno
- Department of Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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88
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Sumitomo S, Nagafuchi Y, Tsuchida Y, Tsuchiya H, Ota M, Ishigaki K, Suzuki A, Kochi Y, Fujio K, Yamamoto K. Transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood from patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:21. [PMID: 30410636 PMCID: PMC6217768 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, transcriptome analysis of whole gene expression is an essential technology. While DNA microarray has a limited dynamic range and a problem of background hybridization, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has a broader dynamic range and a lower background signal that increase the sensitivity and reproducibility. While transcriptome analyses in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have generally focused on whole peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), analyses of detailed cell subsets have an increased need for understanding the pathophysiology of disease because the involvement of CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of RA has been established. Transcriptome analysis of detailed CD4+ T cell subsets or neutrophils shed new light on the pathophysiology of RA. There are several analyses about the effect of biological treatment. Many studies report the association between type I interferon signature gene expression and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Sumitomo
- 1Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Yasuo Nagafuchi
- 1Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Yumi Tsuchida
- 1Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Haruka Tsuchiya
- 1Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Mineto Ota
- 1Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- 2Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Akari Suzuki
- 3Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Yuta Kochi
- 3Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- 1Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- 4Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
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89
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Qiu C, Huang S, Park J, Park Y, Ko YA, Seasock MJ, Bryer JS, Xu XX, Song WC, Palmer M, Hill J, Guarnieri P, Hawkins J, Boustany-Kari CM, Pullen SS, Brown CD, Susztak K. Renal compartment-specific genetic variation analyses identify new pathways in chronic kidney disease. Nat Med 2018; 24:1721-1731. [PMID: 30275566 PMCID: PMC6301011 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a condition in which the kidneys are unable to clear waste products, affects 700 million people globally. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified sequence variants for CKD; however, the biological basis of these GWAS results remains poorly understood. To address this issue, we created an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) atlas for the glomerular and tubular compartments of the human kidney. Through integrating the CKD GWAS with eQTL, single-cell RNA sequencing and regulatory region maps, we identified novel genes for CKD. Putative causal genes were enriched for proximal tubule expression and endolysosomal function, where DAB2, an adaptor protein in the TGF-β pathway, formed a central node. Functional experiments confirmed that reducing Dab2 expression in renal tubules protected mice from CKD. In conclusion, compartment-specific eQTL analysis is an important avenue for the identification of novel genes and cellular pathways involved in CKD development and thus potential new opportunities for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shizheng Huang
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jihwan Park
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - YoSon Park
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Seasock
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua S Bryer
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiang-Xi Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Wen-Chao Song
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Palmer
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jon Hill
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Paolo Guarnieri
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Julie Hawkins
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | | | - Steven S Pullen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Christopher D Brown
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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90
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Komatsu N, Takayanagi H. Immune-bone interplay in the structural damage in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 194:1-8. [PMID: 30022480 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune and bone systems maintain homeostasis by interacting closely with each other. Rheumatoid arthritis is a pathological consequence of their interplay, as activated T cell immune responses result in osteoclast-mediated bone erosion. An imbalance between forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3)+ regulatory T (Treg ) cells and T helper type 17 (Th17) cells is often linked with autoimmune diseases, including arthritis. Th17 cells contribute to the bone destruction in arthritis by up-regulating receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) on synovial fibroblasts as well as inducing local inflammation. Studies on the origin of Th17 cells in inflammation have shed light on the pathogenic conversion of Foxp3+ T cells. Th17 cells converted from Foxp3+ T cells (exFoxp3 Th17 cells) comprise the most potent osteoclastogenic T cell subset in inflammatory bone loss. It has been suggested that osteoclastogenic T cells may have developed originally to stop local infection in periodontitis by inducing tooth loss. In addition, Th17 cells also contribute to the pathogenesis of arthritis by modulating antibody function. Antibodies and immune complexes have attracted considerable attention for their direct role in osteoclastogenesis, and a specific T cell subset in joints was shown to be involved in B cell antibody production. Here we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the immune-bone interplay in the context of the bone destruction in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Komatsu
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Takayanagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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91
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Nakano H, Kirino Y, Takeno M, Higashitani K, Nagai H, Yoshimi R, Yamaguchi Y, Kato I, Aoki I, Nakajima H. GWAS-identified CCR1 and IL10 loci contribute to M1 macrophage-predominant inflammation in Behçet's disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:124. [PMID: 29895319 PMCID: PMC5998575 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low C-C chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) and interleukin (IL)-10 expression is associated with risk of Behçet's disease (BD). The objective of the present study was to clarify the pathological roles of CCR1 and IL10 loci identified by previous BD genome-wide association studies (GWASs). METHODS M1 and M2 macrophages (Mφ) were differentiated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) from peripheral monocytes of healthy control subjects (HC) and patients with BD. Expression of CD68 and CD163 was evaluated to test for Mφ polarization. CCR1 and IL-10 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression was compared according to CCR1 and IL10 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes. The migratory ability of M1 and M2 Mφ toward CCR1 ligand macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α was compared. The ratio of M1 and M2 Mφ in skin lesions of BD and systemic sclerosis (SSc), which was reported to be M2 Mφ-dominant, was compared. To examine the plasticity of polarized Mφ, the differentiated cells were cultured with either the same or the other culture condition. RESULTS Preferential expression of CD163, CCR1, and IL-10 was found in M2 Mφ compared with M1 Mφ. M2 Mφ migrated more sensitively to low concentrations of MIP-1α than M1 Mφ did. BD-derived M1 Mφ showed higher CCR1 surface expression than HC-derived M1 Mφ did. IL10 and CCR1 mRNA expression differences were observed by GWAS-identified SNP genotypes in polarized Mφ. BD skin lesions showed M1 Mφ predominance compared with SSc skin lesions. A plasticity assay revealed that M-CSF restored IL-10 synthesis and reduced IL-6 production by M1 Mφ. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals that GWAS-identified SNPs contribute to M1 Mφ-predominant inflammation in BD. Our data also suggest that the skewed Mφ polarization is correctable by immunological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Nakano
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yohei Kirino
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Takeno
- Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Higashitani
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideto Nagai
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yoshimi
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukie Yamaguchi
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ikuma Kato
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Aoki
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama, Japan
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92
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Okada Y, Momozawa Y, Sakaue S, Kanai M, Ishigaki K, Akiyama M, Kishikawa T, Arai Y, Sasaki T, Kosaki K, Suematsu M, Matsuda K, Yamamoto K, Kubo M, Hirose N, Kamatani Y. Deep whole-genome sequencing reveals recent selection signatures linked to evolution and disease risk of Japanese. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1631. [PMID: 29691385 PMCID: PMC5915442 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding natural selection is crucial to unveiling evolution of modern humans. Here, we report natural selection signatures in the Japanese population using 2234 high-depth whole-genome sequence (WGS) data (25.9×). Using rare singletons, we identify signals of very recent selection for the past 2000–3000 years in multiple loci (ADH cluster, MHC region, BRAP-ALDH2, SERHL2). In large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset (n = 171,176), variants with selection signatures show enrichment in heterogeneity of derived allele frequency spectra among the geographic regions of Japan, highlighted by two major regional clusters (Hondo and Ryukyu). While the selection signatures do not show enrichment in archaic hominin-derived genome sequences, they overlap with the SNPs associated with the modern human traits. The strongest overlaps are observed for the alcohol or nutrition metabolism-related traits. Our study illustrates the value of high-depth WGS to understand evolution and their relationship with disease risk. Recent natural selection left signals in human genomes. Here, Okada et al. generate high-depth whole-genome sequence (WGS) data (25.9×) from 2,234 Japanese people of the BioBank Japan Project (BBJ), and identify signals of recent natural selection which overlap variants associated with human traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan. .,Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan. .,Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Saori Sakaue
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kishikawa
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Arai
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate school of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hirose
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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93
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Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies celltype-specific cis-eQTLs and co-expression QTLs. Nat Genet 2018; 50:493-497. [PMID: 29610479 PMCID: PMC5905669 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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94
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Abstract
Europe and North America have been leaders in rheumatology for many years. However, for more than a decade now the East Asian region has been catching up dramatically. Some aspects of rheumatology in East Asia are now almost comparable to those in the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). In this article, we describe recent progress in rheumatology in East Asia, focusing specifically on Japan, Korea, and China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Yeong-Wook Song
- Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Zhan-Guo Li
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking, China
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95
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Thalayasingam N, Nair N, Skelton AJ, Massey J, Anderson AE, Clark AD, Diboll J, Lendrem DW, Reynard LN, Cordell HJ, Eyre S, Isaacs JD, Barton A, Pratt AG. CD4+ and B Lymphocyte Expression Quantitative Traits at Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk Loci in Patients With Untreated Early Arthritis: Implications for Causal Gene Identification. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:361-370. [PMID: 29193869 PMCID: PMC5888199 DOI: 10.1002/art.40393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a genetically complex disease of immune dysregulation. This study sought to gain further insight into the genetic risk mechanisms of RA by conducting an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis of confirmed genetic risk loci in CD4+ T cells and B cells from carefully phenotyped patients with early arthritis who were naive to therapeutic immunomodulation. METHODS RNA and DNA were isolated from purified B and/or CD4+ T cells obtained from the peripheral blood of 344 patients with early arthritis. Genotyping and global gene expression measurements were carried out using Illumina BeadChip microarrays. Variants in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with non-HLA RA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (defined as r2 ≥ 0.8) were analyzed, seeking evidence of cis- or trans-eQTLs according to whether the associated probes were or were not within 4 Mb of these LD blocks. RESULTS Genes subject to cis-eQTL effects that were common to both CD4+ and B lymphocytes at RA risk loci were FADS1, FADS2, BLK, FCRL3, ORMDL3, PPIL3, and GSDMB. In contrast, those acting on METTL21B, JAZF1, IKZF3, and PADI4 were unique to CD4+ lymphocytes, with the latter candidate risk gene being identified for the first time in this cell subset. B lymphocyte-specific eQTLs for SYNGR1 and CD83 were also found. At the 8p23 BLK-FAM167A locus, adjacent genes were subject to eQTLs whose activity differed markedly between cell types; in particular, the FAM167A effect displayed striking B lymphocyte specificity. No trans-eQTLs approached experiment-wide significance, and linear modeling did not identify a significant influence of biologic covariates on cis-eQTL effect sizes. CONCLUSION These findings further refine the understanding of candidate causal genes in RA pathogenesis, thus providing an important platform from which downstream functional studies, directed toward particular cell types, may be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishanthi Thalayasingam
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research CentreNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Nisha Nair
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and GenomicsCentre for Musculoskeletal ResearchInstitute of Inflammation and RepairUniversity of Manchesterand NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research UnitCentral Manchester NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Andrew J. Skelton
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research CentreNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Jonathan Massey
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and GenomicsCentre for Musculoskeletal ResearchInstitute of Inflammation and RepairUniversity of Manchesterand NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research UnitCentral Manchester NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Amy E. Anderson
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research CentreNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Alexander D. Clark
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research CentreNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Julie Diboll
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research CentreNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Dennis W. Lendrem
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research CentreNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Louise N. Reynard
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research CentreNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - Stephen Eyre
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and GenomicsCentre for Musculoskeletal ResearchInstitute of Inflammation and RepairUniversity of Manchesterand NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research UnitCentral Manchester NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - John D. Isaacs
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research CentreNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Anne Barton
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and GenomicsCentre for Musculoskeletal ResearchInstitute of Inflammation and RepairUniversity of Manchesterand NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research UnitCentral Manchester NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Arthur G. Pratt
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research CentreNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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Sudres M, Verdier J, Truffault F, Le Panse R, Berrih-Aknin S. Pathophysiological mechanisms of autoimmunity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1413:59-68. [PMID: 29377165 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are chronic disorders characterized by inflammatory reactions against self-antigens that can be either systemic or organ specific. AIDs can differ in their epidemiologic features and clinical presentations, yet all share a remarkable complexity. AIDs result from an interplay of genetic and epigenetic factors with environmental components that are associated with imbalances in the immune system. Many of the pathogenic mechanisms of AIDs are also implicated in myasthenia gravis (MG), an AID in which inflammation of the thymus leads to a neuromuscular disorder. Our goal here is to highlight the similarities and differences between MG and other AIDs by reviewing the common transcriptome signatures and the development of germinal centers and by discussing some unresolved questions about autoimmune mechanisms. This review will propose hypotheses to explain the origin of regulatory T (Treg ) cell defects and the causes of chronicity and specificity of AIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Sudres
- INSERM U974, Paris, France.,UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,AIM, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Julien Verdier
- INSERM U974, Paris, France.,UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,AIM, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Truffault
- INSERM U974, Paris, France.,UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,AIM, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Rozen Le Panse
- INSERM U974, Paris, France.,UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,AIM, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Berrih-Aknin
- INSERM U974, Paris, France.,UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,AIM, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
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97
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Semeraro ML, Glenn LM, Morris MA. The Four-Way Stop Sign: Viruses, 12-Lipoxygenase, Islets, and Natural Killer Cells in Type 1 Diabetes Progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:246. [PMID: 28993759 PMCID: PMC5622285 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells represent an important effector arm against viral infection, and mounting evidence suggests that viral infection plays a role in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in at least a portion of patients. NK cells recognize their target cells through a delicate balance of inhibitory and stimulatory receptors on their surface. If unbalanced, NK cells have great potential to wreak havoc in the pancreas due to the beta cell expression of the as-yet-defined NKp46 ligand through interactions with the activating NKp46 receptor found on the surface of most NK cells. Blocking interactions between NKp46 and its ligand protects mice from STZ-induced diabetes, but differential expression non-diabetic and diabetic donor samples have not been tested. Additional studies have shown that peripheral blood NK cells from human T1D patients have altered phenotypes that reduce the lytic and functional ability of the NK cells. Investigations of humanT1D pancreas tissues have indicated that the presence of NK cells may be beneficial despite their infrequent detection. In non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, we have noted that NK cells express high levels of the proinflammatory mediator 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LO), and decreased levels of stimulatory receptors. Conversely, NK cells of 12/15-LO deficient NOD mice, which are protected from diabetes development, express significantly higher levels of stimulatory receptors. Furthermore, the human NK92 cell line expresses the ALOX12 protein [human 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO), related to mouse 12/15-LO] via Western blotting. Human 12-LO is upregulated in the pancreas of both T1D and T2D human donors with insulin-containing islets, showing a link between 12-LO expression and diabetes progression. Therefore, our hypothesis is that NK cells in those susceptible to developing T1D are unable to function properly during viral infections of pancreatic beta cells due to increased 12-LO expression and activation, which contributes to increased interferon-gamma production and an imbalance in activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors, and may contribute to downstream autoimmune T cell responses. The work presented here outlines evidence from our lab, as well as published literature, supporting our hypothesis, including novel data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L. Semeraro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Lindsey M. Glenn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Margaret A. Morris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
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98
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Ishigaki K, Kochi Y, Yamamoto K. Genetics of human autoimmunity: From genetic information to functional insights. Clin Immunol 2017; 186:9-13. [PMID: 28867252 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of risk variants associated with human autoimmune diseases. Recent evidence suggests that a substantial portion of them affect gene expression in specific cell types. To obtain the functional insights of GWAS findings, comprehensive characterization of genetic variants in human genome is a key task. In parallel with GWAS, many researches in functional genomics have been conducted in the past decade, and our understandings of cell type-specific gene regulatory system have been substantially improved. In this review, we will introduce the main research topics in functional genomics, and explain their utility to understand biological mechanisms of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Yuta Kochi
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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