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Jiang Z, Zhang W, Zhang J, Liu T, Xing J, Zhang H, Tang D. Nanomaterial-Based Drug Delivery Systems: A New Weapon for Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4677-4696. [PMID: 36211025 PMCID: PMC9541303 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s376216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, a major breakthrough in cancer treatment, has been successfully applied to treat a number of tumors. However, given the presence of factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that impede immunotherapy, only a small proportion of patients achieve a good clinical response. With the ability to increase permeability and cross biological barriers, nanomaterials have been successfully applied to deliver immunotherapeutic agents, thus realizing the anti-cancer therapeutic potential of therapeutic agents. This has driven a wave of research into systems for the delivery of immunotherapeutic agents, which has resulted in widespread interest in nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems. Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems are able to overcome the challenges from TME and thus achieve good results in cancer immunotherapy. If it can make a breakthrough in improving biocompatibility and reducing cytotoxicity, it will be more widely used in clinical practice. Different types of nanomaterials may also have some subtle differences in enhancing cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, delivery systems made of nanomaterials loaded with drugs, such as cytotoxic drugs, cytokines, and adjuvants, could be used for cancer immunotherapy because they avoid the toxicity and side effects associated with these drugs, thereby enabling their reuse. Therefore, further insights into nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems will provide more effective treatment options for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengting Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Xing
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Dong Tang, Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China, Email
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52
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Som A, Rosenboom JG, Chandler A, Sheth RA, Wehrenberg-Klee E. Image-guided intratumoral immunotherapy: Developing a clinically practical technology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114505. [PMID: 36007674 PMCID: PMC10456124 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the contemporary oncology landscape, with durable responses possible across a range of cancer types. However, the majority of cancer patients do not respond to immunotherapy due to numerous immunosuppressive barriers. Efforts to overcome these barriers and increase systemic immunotherapy efficacy have sparked interest in the local intratumoral delivery of immune stimulants to activate the local immune response and subsequently drive systemic tumor immunity. While clinical evaluation of many therapeutic candidates is ongoing, development is hindered by a lack of imaging confirmation of local delivery, insufficient intratumoral drug distribution, and a need for repeated injections. The use of polymeric drug delivery systems, which have been widely used as platforms for both image guidance and controlled drug release, holds promise for delivery of intratumoral immunoadjuvants and the development of an in situ cancer vaccine for patients with metastatic cancer. In this review, we explore the current state of the field for intratumoral delivery and methods for optimizing controlled drug release, as well as practical considerations for drug delivery design to be optimized for clinical image guided delivery particularly by CT and ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Som
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Jan-Georg Rosenboom
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States; Department of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States
| | - Alana Chandler
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States; Department of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States
| | - Rahul A Sheth
- Department of Interventional Radiology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Eric Wehrenberg-Klee
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States.
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53
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Yang K, Qi S, Yu X, Bai B, Zhang X, Mao Z, Huang F, Yu G. A Hybrid Supramolecular Polymeric Nanomedicine for Cascade-Amplified Synergetic Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203786. [PMID: 35384193 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular nanomedicines have shown great merits in cancer therapy, but their clinical translation is hampered by monotonous therapeutic modality and unsatisfactory antitumor performance. Herein, a hybrid supramolecular polymeric nanomedicine (SNPs) is developed based on β-cyclodextrin/camptothecin (CPT) host-guest molecular recognition and iron-carboxylate coordination. Iron ions stabilizing SNPs catalyze the conversion of intracellular hydrogen peroxide into highly toxic hydroxyl radical through a Fenton reaction, which further cleaves the thioketal linker of the supramolecular monomer to release potent CPT, thus amplifying the therapeutic efficacy by combining chemodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. The combination therapy stimulates antitumor immunity and promotes intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by triggering immunogenic cell death. In synergy with PD-L1 checkpoint blockade, SNPs enables enhanced immune therapy and a long-term tumor remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China.,Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shaolong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xinyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Bing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China.,Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Guocan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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54
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Nanomaterial-Based Drug Delivery System Targeting Lymph Nodes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071372. [PMID: 35890268 PMCID: PMC9325242 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays an indispensable role in humoral balance, lipid metabolism, and immune regulation. The lymph nodes (LNs) are known as the primary sites of tumor metastasis and the metastatic LNs largely affected the prognosis of the patiens. A well-designed lymphatic-targeted system favors disease treatment as well as vaccination efficacy. In recent years, development of nanotechnologies and emerging biomaterials have gained increasing attention in developing lymph-node-targeted drug-delivery systems. By mimicking the endogenous macromolecules or lipid conjugates, lymph-node-targeted nanocarries hold potential for disease diagnosis and tumor therapy. This review gives an introduction to the physiological functions of LNs and the roles of LNs in diseases, followed by a review of typical lymph-node-targeted nanomaterial-based drug-delivery systems (e.g., liposomes, micelles, inorganic nanomaterials, hydrogel, and nanocapsules). Future perspectives and conclusions concerned with lymph-node-targeted drug-delivery systems are also provided.
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55
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Ma X, Li SJ, Liu Y, Zhang T, Xue P, Kang Y, Sun ZJ, Xu Z. Bioengineered nanogels for cancer immunotherapy. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5136-5174. [PMID: 35666131 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00247g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed increasingly rapid advances in nanocarrier-based biomedicine aimed at improving treatment paradigms for cancer. Nanogels serve as multipurpose and constructed vectors formed via intramolecular cross-linking to generate drug delivery systems, which is attributed predominantly to their satisfactory biocompatibility, bio-responsiveness, high stability, and low toxicity. Recently, immunotherapy has experienced unprecedented growth and has become the preferred strategy for cancer treatment, and mainly involves the mobilisation of the immune system and an enhanced anti-tumour immunity of the tumour microenvironment. Despite the inspiring success, immunotherapeutic strategies are limited due to the low response rates and immune-related adverse events. Like other nanomedicines, nanogels are comparably limited by lower focal enrichment rates upon introduction into the organism via injection. Because nanogels are three-dimensional cross-linked aqueous materials that exhibit similar properties to natural tissues and are structurally stable, they can comfortably cope with shear forces and serum proteins in the bloodstream, and the longer circulation life increases the chance of nanogel accumulation in the tumour, conferring deep tumour penetration. The large specific surface area can reduce or eliminate off-target effects by introducing stimuli-responsive functional groups, allowing multiple physical and chemical modifications for specific purposes to improve targeting to specific immune cell subpopulations or immune organs, increasing the bioavailability of the drug, and conferring a low immune-related adverse events on nanogel therapies. The slow release upon reaching the tumour site facilitates long-term awakening of the host's immune system, ultimately achieving enhanced therapeutic effects. As an effective candidate for cancer immunotherapy, nanogel-based immunotherapy has been widely used. In this review, we mainly summarize the recent advances of nanogel-based immunotherapy to deliver immunomodulatory small molecule drugs, antibodies, genes and cytokines, to target antigen presenting cells, form cancer vaccines, and enable chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. Future challenges as well as expected and feasible prospects for clinical treatment are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Shu-Jin Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yuantong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Peng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yuejun Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Zhigang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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56
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Akkın S, Varan G, Aksüt D, Malanga M, Ercan A, Şen M, Bilensoy E. A different approach to immunochemotherapy for colon Cancer: Development of nanoplexes of cyclodextrins and Interleukin-2 loaded with 5-FU. Int J Pharm 2022; 623:121940. [PMID: 35724824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune system deficiencies are crucial in the progression of cancer, predominantly because immune cells are not stimulated by cytokines to eradicate cancer cells. Immunochemotherapy is currently considered an innovative approach that creates pathways in cancer treatment, sometimes also aiding in the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. The aim of this study was to prepare a cyclodextrin (CD) nanoplex based on charge interaction to deliver the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2), thereby forming a nanoscale drug delivery system aimed at chemo-immunotherapy for colorectal cancers. The CD:IL-2 nanoplexes were obtained with a particle size below 100 nm and a cationic surface charge based on the extent of charge interaction of the cationic CD polymer with negatively charged IL-2. The loading capacity of CD nanoplexes was 40% for 5-FU and 99.8% for IL-2. Nanoplexes maintained physical stability in terms of particle size and zeta potential in aqueous solution for 1 week at + 4 °C. Moreover, the structural integrity of IL-2 loaded into CD nanoplexes was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis. The cumulative release rates of both 5-FU and IL-2 were found to be more than 80% in simulated biological fluids in 12 h. Cell culture studies demonstrate that CD polymers are safe on healthy L929 mouse fibroblast cells. Drug-loaded CD nanoplexes were determined to have a higher anticancer effect than free drug solution against CT26 mouse colon carcinoma cells. In addition, intestinal permeability studies supported the conclusion that CD nanoplexes could be promising candidates for oral chemotherapy as well. In conclusion, effective cancer therapy utilizing the absorptive/cellular uptake effect of CDs, the synergic effect and co-transport of chemotherapeutic drugs and immunotherapeutic molecules is a promising approach. Furthermore, the transport of IL-2 with this nano-sized system can reduce or avoid its toxicity problem in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiye Akkın
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gamze Varan
- Department of Vaccine Technology, Vaccine Institute, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Davut Aksüt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Milo Malanga
- CycloLab- Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory, Organic Synthesis Laboratory, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ayşe Ercan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Şen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erem Bilensoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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57
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A single local delivery of paclitaxel and nucleic acids via an immunoactive polymer eliminates tumors and induces antitumor immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122595119. [PMID: 35609195 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122595119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceThe rationale of local cancer immunotherapy is that the treated tumor cells can serve as a depot of tumor antigens and activate/mobilize the patient's immune system to address systemic diseases. However, the challenge is to coordinate several events involved in the activation of antitumor immune responses, colocalize and retain multiple therapies in tumors, and support the functions of immune cells. Our carrier polyethyleneimine-lithocholic acid conjugate (2E') addresses these challenges based on the amphiphilic structure and inherent immunostimulatory activity. 2E' codelivers hydrophobic drugs and nucleic acids and leverages their effects to eliminate primary tumors and protect the hosts from distant and recurrent diseases. The versatility of 2E' will enable the use of therapeutic combinations to improve clinical outcomes of cancer immunotherapy.
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58
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Wang R, Xuan Y, Zhao Y, Wang W, Ma P, Ju B, Zhen Y, Zhang S. Cationic Nanoparticulate System for Codelivery of MicroRNA-424 and Podophyllotoxin as a Multimodal Anticancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2092-2104. [PMID: 35533302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Because of the complexity of cancer ecosystems, the efficacy of single-agent chemotherapy is limited. Herein, we report the use of cationic nanoparticles (designated PPCNs) generated from a chemically modified form of the chemotherapeutic agent podophyllotoxin (PPT) to deliver both microRNA-424 (miR-424) and PPT to tumor cells, thus combining chemotherapy and gene therapy. We evaluated the optimal loading ratio of miR-424─which targets programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) mRNA and reduces PD-L1 production, thus promoting the attack of tumor cells by T cells─for effective delivery of miR-424 and PPCNs into nonsmall-cell lung cancer cells (H460). Because miR-424 can reverse chemotherapy resistance, treatment of the tumor cells with the combination of miR-424 and PPT enhanced their sensitivity to PPT. Because miR-424 and the PPCNs regulated PD-L1 production in different ways, the miR-424@PPCN complexes were significantly more efficacious than either miR-424 or PPCNs alone. We also demonstrated that treatment of tumor-bearing mice with these complexes significantly inhibited tumor growth and extended survival. Moreover, additional in vitro experiments revealed that the complexes could remodel the tumor immune microenvironment, relieve immunosuppression, and achieve immune normalization. This novel system for delivering a combination of PPT and miR-424 shows great potential for the multimodal treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yang Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yinan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Pengfei Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Benzhi Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuhong Zhen
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
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59
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Yang K, Qi S, Yu X, Bai B, Zhang X, Mao Z, Huang F, Yu G. A Hybrid Supramolecular Polymeric Nanomedicine for Cascade‐Amplified Synergetic Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 311215 P. R. China
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Shaolong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xinyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Bing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 311215 P. R. China
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Guocan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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60
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Shang L, Jiang X, Yang T, Xu H, Xie Q, Hu M, Yang C, Kong L, Zhang Z. Enhancing cancer chemo-immunotherapy by biomimetic nanogel with tumor targeting capacity and rapid drug-releasing in tumor microenvironment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2550-2567. [PMID: 35646526 PMCID: PMC9136611 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the development of chemo-immunotherapy, many efforts have been focusing on designing suitable carriers to realize the co-delivery of chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic with different physicochemical properties and mechanisms of action. Besides, rapid drug release at the tumor site with minimal drug degradation is also essential to facilitate the antitumor effect in a short time. Here, we reported a cancer cell membrane-coated pH-responsive nanogel (NG@M) to co-deliver chemotherapeutic paclitaxel (PTX) and immunotherapeutic agent interleukin-2 (IL-2) under mild conditions for combinational treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. In the designed nanogels, the synthetic copolymer PDEA-co-HP-β-cyclodextrin-co-Pluronic F127 and charge reversible polymer dimethylmaleic anhydride-modified polyethyleneimine endowed nanogels with excellent drug-loading capacity and rapid responsive drug-releasing behavior under acidic tumor microenvironment. Benefited from tumor homologous targeting capacity, NG@M exhibited 4.59-fold higher accumulation at the homologous tumor site than heterologous cancer cell membrane-coated NG. Rapidly released PTX and IL-2 enhanced the maturation of dendritic cells and quickly activated the antitumor immune response in situ, followed by prompted infiltration of immune effector cells. By the combined chemo-immunotherapy, enhanced antitumor effect and efficient pulmonary metastasis inhibition were achieved with a prolonged median survival rate (39 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihuan Shang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Conglian Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Kong
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 27 83692762.
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Centre for Novel Drug Delivery System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 27 83692762.
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61
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Biomedical polymers: synthesis, properties, and applications. Sci China Chem 2022; 65:1010-1075. [PMID: 35505924 PMCID: PMC9050484 DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical polymers have been extensively developed for promising applications in a lot of biomedical fields, such as therapeutic medicine delivery, disease detection and diagnosis, biosensing, regenerative medicine, and disease treatment. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in the synthesis and application of biomedical polymers, and discuss the comprehensive understanding of their property-function relationship for corresponding biomedical applications. In particular, a few burgeoning bioactive polymers, such as peptide/biomembrane/microorganism/cell-based biomedical polymers, are also introduced and highlighted as the emerging biomaterials for cancer precision therapy. Furthermore, the foreseeable challenges and outlook of the development of more efficient, healthier and safer biomedical polymers are discussed. We wish this systemic and comprehensive review on highlighting frontier progress of biomedical polymers could inspire and promote new breakthrough in fundamental research and clinical translation.
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62
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Li Q, Liu Y, Huang Z, Guo Y, Li Q. Triggering Immune System With Nanomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:878524. [PMID: 35497343 PMCID: PMC9046726 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.878524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of incidence rate and mortality worldwide. In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has made great progress in the preclinical and clinical treatment of advanced malignant tumors. However, cancer patients will have transient cancer suppression reaction and serious immune related adverse reactions when receiving immunotherapy. In recent years, nanoparticle-based immunotherapy, which can accurately deliver immunogens, activate antigen presenting cells (APCs) and effector cells, provides a new insight to solve the above problems. In this review, we discuss the research progress of nanomaterials in immunotherapy including nanoparticle-based delivery systems, nanoparticle-based photothermal and photodynamic immunotherapy, nanovaccines, nanoparticle-based T cell cancer immunotherapy and nanoparticle-based bacteria cancer immunotherapy. We also put forward the current challenges and prospects of immunomodulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yajie Guo
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingjiao Li
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Dholakia J, Cohen AC, Leath CA, Evans ET, Alvarez RD, Thaker PH. Development of Delivery Systems for Local Administration of Cytokines/Cytokine Gene-Directed Therapeutics: Modern Oncologic Implications. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:389-397. [PMID: 35141857 PMCID: PMC10466172 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we discuss modern cytokine delivery systems in oncologic care, focusing on modalities being developed in the clinical trials or currently in use. These include pegylation, immune-cytokine drug conjugates, cytokine-expressing plasmid nanoparticles, nonviral cytokine nanoparticles, viral systems, and AcTakines. RECENT FINDINGS Cytokine therapy has the potential to contribute to cancer treatment options by modulating the immune system towards an improved antitumor response and has shown promise both independently and in combination with other immunotherapy agents. Despite promising preliminary studies, systemic toxicities and challenges with administration have limited the impact of unmodified cytokine therapy. In the last decade, novel delivery systems have been developed to address these challenges and facilitate cytokine-based oncologic treatments. Novel delivery systems provide potential solutions to decrease dose-limiting side effects, facilitate administration, and increase the therapeutic activity of cytokine treatments in oncology care. The expanding clinical and translational research in these systems provides an opportunity to augment the armamentarium of immune oncology and may represent the next frontier of cytokine-based immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhalak Dholakia
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alabama Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 1700 6th Avenue South, Room 10250, Birmingham, AL, 35249-7333, USA.
| | - Alexander C Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis Division of Gynecologic Oncology, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles A Leath
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alabama Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 1700 6th Avenue South, Room 10250, Birmingham, AL, 35249-7333, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Evans
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alabama Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 1700 6th Avenue South, Room 10250, Birmingham, AL, 35249-7333, USA
| | - Ronald D Alvarez
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Premal H Thaker
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis Division of Gynecologic Oncology, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Shen J, Ma M, Shafiq M, Yu H, Lan Z, Chen H. Microfluidics-Assisted Engineering of pH/Enzyme Dual-Activatable ZIF@Polymer Nanosystem for Co-Delivery of Proteins and Chemotherapeutics with Enhanced Deep-Tumor Penetration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202113703. [PMID: 34989079 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The impermeable barriers of solid tumors restrict the co-delivery of protein-based drugs and chemotherapeutics for cancer treatment. Therefore, we developed a ZIF-DOX/RA@DG nanosystem that encapsulates ribonuclease A (RA) and doxorubicin (DOX) in a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) core, with a dextran-based coating (DG). The nanosystem exhibits dual-responsiveness due to γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-activatable cationization and acidic microenvironment-triggered degradation. The DG-coating process was achieved using a microfluidic approach, which stabilized the polymer responsiveness, ZIF-8-based structure, and bioactivity of the encapsulated therapeutics. In vivo results confirmed that the nanosystem could co-deliver RA and DOX to deep impermeable lesions with a synergistic anticancer therapeutic effects. Such a multi-drug delivery system based on an intelligent-responsive design and a microfluidics-assisted synthesis strategy shows great clinical prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Huizhu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyi Lan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Hangrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
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Sun Z, Hou Y. Micro/nanorobots as Active Delivery Systems for Biomedicine: From Self‐propulsion to Controllable Navigation. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoli Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices (BKL‐MMD) Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (BIC‐ESAT) School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yanglong Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices (BKL‐MMD) Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (BIC‐ESAT) School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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Lee JH, Song J, Kim IG, You G, Kim H, Ahn JH, Mok H. Exosome-mediated delivery of transforming growth factor-β receptor 1 kinase inhibitors and toll-like receptor 7/8 agonists for combination therapy of tumors. Acta Biomater 2022; 141:354-363. [PMID: 35007784 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, combination therapy with the transforming growth factor-β receptor I (TGFβRI) kinase inhibitor SD-208 and a toll-like receptor (TLR)-7/8 agonist resiquimod (R848) was examined along with serum-derived exosomes (EXOs) as versatile carriers. SD-208-encapsulated EXOs (SD-208/EXOs) and R848-encapsulated EXOs (R848/EXOs) were successfully prepared with a size of 87 ± 8 nm and 51 ± 4 nm, respectively, which were stable in aqueous solution at pH 7.4. SD-208/EXOs and R848/EXOs reduced the migration of cancer cells (B16F10 and PC-3) and triggered the release of proinflammatory cytokines from stimulated macrophages and dendritic cells, respectively. The fluorescent dye-labeled EXOs showed significantly improved penetration through the PC-3/fibroblast co-culture spheroids and enhanced accumulation in the B16F10 mouse tumor model compared with the free fluorescent dye. In addition, the combination therapy of R848/EXOs (R848 dose of 0.36 mg/kg) and SD-208/EXOs (SD-208 dose of 0.75 mg/kg) reduced tumor growth and improved survival rate at low doses in the B16F10 tumor xenograft model. Taken together, the combination therapy using the TGFβRI kinase inhibitor and TLR 7/8 agonist with EXOs may serve as a promising strategy to treat melanoma and prostate cancer. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Owing to the prevalence of several non-responding cancers that resist treatment, it is necessary to identify a novel combined treatment strategy with biomaterials to maximize therapeutic efficacy and minimize the undesirable side effects. In this study, we aimed to examine the use of the TGFβRI kinase inhibitor SD-208 and the TLR7/8 agonist resiquimod (R848) encapsulated within serum-derived EXOs for their synergistic antitumor effects. We first demonstrated that combined treatment with SD-208 and R848 can be a convincing strategy to circumvent tumor growth in vivo using serum-derived exosomes as promising carriers. Therefore, we believe this manuscript would be of great interest to the biomaterial communities especially who are studying immunotherapy.
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3D Printed Scaffold Based on Type I Collagen/PLGA_TGF-β1 Nanoparticles Mimicking the Growth Factor Footprint of Human Bone Tissue. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050857. [PMID: 35267680 PMCID: PMC8912467 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In bone regenerative strategies, the controlled release of growth factors is one of the main aspects for successful tissue regeneration. Recent trends in the drug delivery field increased the interest in the development of biodegradable systems able to protect and transport active agents. In the present study, we designed degradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid (PLGA) nanocarriers suitable for the release of Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), a key molecule in the management of bone cells behaviour. Spherical TGF-β1-containing PLGA (PLGA_TGF-β1) nanoparticles (ca.250 nm) exhibiting high encapsulation efficiency (ca.64%) were successfully synthesized. The TGF-β1 nanocarriers were subsequently combined with type I collagen for the fabrication of nanostructured 3D printed scaffolds able to mimic the TGF-β1 presence in the human bone extracellular matrix (ECM). The homogeneous hybrid formulation underwent a comprehensive rheological characterisation in view of 3D printing. The 3D printed collagen-based scaffolds (10 mm × 10 mm × 1 mm) successfully mimicked the TGF-β1 presence in human bone ECM as assessed by immunohistochemical TGF-β1 staining, covering ca.3.4% of the whole scaffold area. Moreover, the collagenous matrix was able to reduce the initial burst release observed in the first 24 h from about 38% for the PLGA_TGF-β1 alone to 14.5%, proving that the nanocarriers incorporation into collagen allows achieving sustained release kinetics.
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Shariatzadeh S, Moghimi N, Khalafi F, Shafiee S, Mehrabi M, Ilkhani S, Tosan F, Nakhaei P, Alizadeh A, Varma RS, Taheri M. Metallic Nanoparticles for the Modulation of Tumor Microenvironment; A New Horizon. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:847433. [PMID: 35252155 PMCID: PMC8888840 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.847433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most critical human challenges which endangers many people’s lives every year with enormous direct and indirect costs worldwide. Unfortunately, despite many advanced treatments used in cancer clinics today, the treatments are deficiently encumbered with many side effects often encountered by clinicians while deploying general methods such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, or a combination thereof. Due to their low clinical efficacy, numerous side effects, higher economic costs, and relatively poor acceptance by patients, researchers are striving to find better alternatives for treating this life-threatening complication. As a result, Metal nanoparticles (Metal NPs) have been developed for nearly 2 decades due to their important therapeutic properties. Nanoparticles are quite close in size to biological molecules and can easily penetrate into the cell, so one of the goals of nanotechnology is to mount molecules and drugs on nanoparticles and transfer them to the cell. These NPs are effective as multifunctional nanoplatforms for cancer treatment. They have an advantage over routine drugs in delivering anticancer drugs to a specific location. However, targeting cancer sites while performing anti-cancer treatment can be effective in improving the disease and reducing its complications. Among these, the usage of these nanoparticles (NPs) in photodynamic therapy and sonodynamic therapy are notable. Herein, this review is aimed at investigating the effect and appliances of Metal NPs in the modulation tumor microenvironment which bodes well for the utilization of vast and emerging nanomaterial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Shariatzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Moghimi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farima Khalafi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Shafiee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mehrabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Saba Ilkhani
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Foad Tosan
- Semnan University of Medical Sciences Dental Student Research Committee, Semnan, Iran
| | - Pooria Nakhaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Alizadeh
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghmna Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Taheri,
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69
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Zhou Y, Liu C, Song H. Innate Immunomodulatory Nanodevices for Cancer Therapy: A Review. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022; 18:293-318. [PMID: 35484759 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The newly emerged cancer immunotherapy has shown a great potential in clinical trials. However, most immunotherapeutic strategies focus on restoring and/or enhancing the effector T cell responses, and only a small portion of malignancies respond favorably due to the lacking of T cell infiltration. Recently, the modulation of innate immune system has been applied as an alternative or combined strategy to improve host anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we summarize recent progress in nanotechnology-based innate immunomodulation for cancer therapy. Firstly, we present various types of nanodevices that serve to deliver or mimic the reactions of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as bacterial components, viral DNA or viral RNA, for the stimulation of type I interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. We also introduce nanodevice-mediated immunogenic cell death (ICD) for the generation of endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and improvement of immune responses. Moreover, targeted manipulation of specific types of innate immune cells by nanodevices are discussed. Lastly, we describe typical strategies of combining innate immunomodulatory nanodevices with immune checkpoint blockade to amplify the anti-tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Haiyun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems in cancer: A focus on inflammatory pathways. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:860-872. [PMID: 35115226 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It has become necessary to accept the clinical reality of therapeutic agents targeting the cancer-associated immune system. In recent decades, several investigations have highlighted the role of inflammation in cancer development. It has now been recognized that inflammatory cells secrete mediators, including enzymes, chemokines, and cytokines. These secreted substances produce an inflammatory microenvironment that is critically involved in cancer growth. Inflammation may enhance genomic instability leading to DNA damage, activation of oncogenes, or compromised tumor suppressor activity, all of which may promote various phases of carcinogenesis. Conventional cancer treatment includes surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. However, treatment failure occurs because current strategies are unable to achieve complete local control due to metastasis. Nanoparticles (NPs) are a broad spectrum of drug carriers typically below the size of 100 nm, targeting tumor sites while reducing off-target consequences. More importantly, NPs can stimulate innate and adaptive immune systems in the tumor microenvironment (TME); hence, they induce a cancer-fighting immune response. Strikingly, targeting cancer cells with NPs helps eliminate drug resistance and tumor recurrence, as well as prevents inflammation. Throughout this review, we provide recent data on the role of inflammation in cancer and explore nano-therapeutic initiatives to target significant mediators, for example, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukins (ILs) associated with cancer-related inflammation, to escort the immunomodulators to cancer cells and associated systemic compartments. We also highlight the necessity of better identifying inflammatory pathways in cancer pathophysiology to develop effective treatment plans.
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Liu XY, Zhu MH, Wang XY, Dong X, Liu HJ, Li RY, Jia SC, Lu Q, Zhao M, Sun P, Chen HZ, Fang C. A nano-innate immune system activator for cancer therapy in a 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:54. [PMID: 35093074 PMCID: PMC8800325 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Harnessing the immune system to fight cancer has led to prominent clinical successes. Strategies to stimulate innate immune effectors are attracting considerable interest in cancer therapy. Here, through conjugating multivalent Fc fragments onto the surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), we developed a nanoparticle-based innate immune system activator (NISA) for breast cancer immunotherapy. Methods NISA was prepared through conjugating mouse IgG3 Fc to MSN surface. Then, long-chain PEG5000, which was used to shield Fc to confer nanoparticle colloidal stability, was linked to the MSN surface via matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2)-cleavable peptide (GPLGIAGQC). The activation of multiple components of innate immune system, including complement and the innate cells (macrophages and dendritic cells) and the associated anticancer effect were investigated. Results Fc fragments of NISA can be exposed through hydrolysis of long-chain PEG5000 by highly expressed MMP-2 in tumor microenvironment. Then, effective stimulation and activation of multiple components of innate immune system, including complement, macrophages, and dendritic cells were obtained, leading to efficient antitumor effect in 4T1 breast cancer cells and orthotopic breast tumor model in mice. Conclusions The antitumor potency conferred by NISA highlights the significance of stimulating multiple innate immune elements in cancer immunotherapy. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01265-4.
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Emerging strategies for biomaterial-assisted cancer immunotherapy. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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73
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Zhao LP, Zheng RR, Kong RJ, Huang CY, Rao XN, Yang N, Chen AL, Yu XY, Cheng H, Li SY. Self-Delivery Ternary Bioregulators for Photodynamic Amplified Immunotherapy by Tumor Microenvironment Reprogramming. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1182-1197. [PMID: 35023720 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal metabolism of cancer cells results in complex tumor microenvironments (TME), which play a dominant role in tumor metastasis. Herein, self-delivery ternary bioregulators (designated as TerBio) are constructed for photodynamic amplified immunotherapy against colorectal cancer by TME reprogramming. Specifically, carrier-free TerBio are prepared by the self-assembly of chlorine e6, SB505124 (SB), and lonidamine (Lon), which exhibit improved tumor accumulation, tumor penetration, and cellular uptake behaviors. Interestingly, TerBio-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) could not only inhibit the primary tumor growth but also induce immunogenic cell death of tumors to activate the cascade immune response. Furthermore, TerBio are capable of TME reprograming by SB-triggered transforming growth factor (TGF)-β blockage and Lon-induced lactic acid efflux inhibition. As a consequence, TerBio significantly suppresses distant and metastatic tumor growth by PDT-amplified immunotherapy. This study might advance the development of self-delivery nanomedicine against malignant tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Rong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Jiang Kong
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Chu-Yu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Na Rao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Ni Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - A-Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
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Ni Q, Xu F, Wang Y, Li Y, Qing G, Zhang Y, Zhong J, Li J, Liang XJ. Nanomaterials with changeable physicochemical property for boosting cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2022; 342:210-227. [PMID: 34998916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a great progress in cancer immunotherapy with the sequential approvals of therapeutic cancer vaccine, immune checkpoint inhibitor and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. However, some hurdles still remain to the wide implementation of cancer immunotherapy, including low immune response, complex tumor heterogeneity, off-target immunotoxicity, poor solid tumor infiltration, and immune evasion-induced treatment tolerance. Owing to changeable physicochemical properties in response to endogenous or exogenous stimuli, nanomaterials hold the remarkable potential in incorporation of multiple agents, efficient biological barrier penetration, precise immunomodulator delivery, and controllable content release for boosting cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we review the recent advances in nanomaterials with changeable physicochemical property (NCPP) to develop cancer vaccine, remold tumor microenvironment and evoke direct T cell activation. Besides, we provide our outlook on this emerging field at the intersection of NCPP design and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Ni
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fengfei Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangchao Qing
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Shen J, Ma M, Shafiq M, Yu H, Lan Z, Chen H. Microfluidics‐Assisted Engineering of pH/Enzyme Dual‐Activatable ZIF@Polymer Nanosystem for Co‐Delivery of Proteins and Chemotherapeutics with Enhanced Deep‐Tumor Penetration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures CHINA
| | - Ming Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures CHINA
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- University of Central Punjab Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences PAKISTAN
| | - Huizhu Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of High performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures CHINA
| | - Zhengyi Lan
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures CHINA
| | - Hangrong Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure No. 1295, Dingxi Road 200050 Shanghai CHINA
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Chen X, Liu T, Yuan P, Chang X, Yin Q, Mu W, Peng Z. Anti-cancer Nanotechnology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9374-7_11-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Biomembrane-based nanostructures for cancer targeting and therapy: From synthetic liposomes to natural biomembranes and membrane-vesicles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113974. [PMID: 34530015 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The translational success of liposomes in chemotherapeutics has already demonstrated the great potential of biomembrane-based nanostructure in effective drug delivery. Meanwhile, increasing efforts are being dedicated to the application of naturally derived lipid membranes, including cellular membranes and extracellular vesicles in anti-cancer therapies. While synthetic liposomes support superior multifunctional flexibility, natural biomembrane materials possess interesting biomimetic properties and can also be further engineered for intelligent design. Despite being remarkably different from each other in production and composition, the phospholipid bilayer structure in common allows liposomes, cell membrane-derived nanomaterials, and extracellular vesicles to be modified, functionalized, and exploited in many similar manners against challenges posed by tumor-targeted drug delivery. This review will summarize the recent advancements in engineering the membrane-derived nanostructures with "intelligent" modules to respond, regulate, and target tumor cells and the microenvironment to fight against malignancy. We will also discuss perspectives of combining engineered functionalities with naturally occurring activity for enhanced cancer therapy.
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Masoumi E, Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani S, Jafarzadeh L, Sanaei MJ, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. The application of immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer and the emerging role of nanoparticle. J Control Release 2021; 340:168-187. [PMID: 34743998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in the female population with a high mortality rate. Despite the satisfying depth of studies evaluating the contributory role of immune checkpoints in this malignancy, few articles have reviewed the pros and cons of immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs). In the current review, we provide an overview of immune-related inhibitory molecules and also discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on the aberrant expression of T and non-T cell-associated immune checkpoints in breast cancer. Then, we especially focus on recent studies that utilized ICBs as the treatment strategy in breast cancer and provide their efficiency reports. As there are always costs and benefits, we discuss the limitations and challenges toward ICB therapy such as adverse events and drug resistance. In the last section, we allocate an overview of the recent data concerning the application of nanoparticle systems for cancer immunotherapy and propose that nano-based ICB approaches may overcome the challenges related to ICB therapy in breast cancer. In conclusion, it seems it is time for nanoscience to more rapidly move forward into clinical trials and illuminates the breast cancer treatment area with its potent features for the target delivery of ICBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Masoumi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sahar Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani
- Microbiology and Virology Research Center, Qaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Leila Jafarzadeh
- Department of Laboratory Science, Sirjan Faculty of Medical Science, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang L, Li Q, Chen J, Tang C, Yin C. Enhanced antitumor efficacy of glutathione-responsive chitosan based nanoparticles through co-delivery of chemotherapeutics, genes, and immune agents. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 270:118384. [PMID: 34364626 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To achieve the co-delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs, genes, and immune agents in a single nanoparticulate system, p-mercaptobenzoic acid-grafted N, N, N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles (MT NPs) were successfully synthesized. Paclitaxel (PTX) was encapsulated into the hydrophobic core of the MT NPs, and meanwhile, survivin shRNA-expressing plasmid (iSur-pDNA) and recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) were loaded onto the hydrophilic shell of the MT NPs. Owing to the redox-sensitiveness of MT NPs, a rapid release of PTX was triggered by the high concentration of glutathione. The synergistic effects of PTX (1.5 mg/kg), iSur-pDNA (1.875 mg/kg), and rhIL-2 (6 × 105 IU/kg) at a low dose endowed the MT/PTX/pDNA/rhIL-2 NPs with enhanced antitumor efficacies and improved tumor-induced immunosuppression. These results demonstrated that the co-delivery of PTX, iSur-pDNA, and rhIL-2 by the amphiphilic chitosan based NPs with redox-sensitiveness could be a promising strategy in the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiuping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jinxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Cui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chunhua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Maddiboyina B, Desu PK, Vasam M, Challa VT, Surendra AV, Rao RS, Alagarsamy S, Jhawat V. An insight of nanogels as novel drug delivery system with potential hybrid nanogel applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 33:262-278. [PMID: 34547214 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1982643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels are cross-linked, nano-sized hydrogels with dimensions ranging from 20 to 200 nm. Nanogel-based nanoplatforms have proven to be an excellent choice for pharmaceutical formulations. Nanosystems have properties that are very useful in polymeric drug delivery applications, and their particular strength is that they have these nanosystemic properties and can thus merge with polymeric materials. Drug-carrier size is designed to be nano-sized in order to maintain optimal stability, resulting in more surface area and interior space. This also allows for a prolonged period of time for loaded pharmaceuticals to circulate. They can be classified by stimuli responsive or non-responsive behavior and type of linkages present in the network chains of gel structure. Nanogel can be synthesized by Photolithographic, modified pullulan, emulsion polymerization reverse microemulsion polymerization inverse miniemulsion polymerization and free radical crosslinking polymerization technique. Hybrid nanogels are different from conventional polymer nanoparticles often employed for drug administration. They can encapsulate bioactive medicines and regulate the release of such medications over time and in particular areas. The hybrid nanogels used to create a specific form of the hybrid, especially one geared towards increasing targeted drug delivery, enhance the effectiveness of ailment treatments, but perhaps the introduction of a multifunctional nanogel-based drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Maddiboyina
- Department of Pharmacy, NRK & KSR Gupta College of Pharmacy, Tenali Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Prasanna Kumar Desu
- College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mallikarjun Vasam
- Department of Pharmacy, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University)-Pharmacy, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Veerendra Teja Challa
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University (IUPUI), Indianapolis, USA
| | - Amareswarapu V Surendra
- College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Raja Sridhar Rao
- Department of Pharmacy, Pathfinder Institute of Pharmacy Educational and Research, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Shanmugarathinam Alagarsamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vikas Jhawat
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurgaon, India
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Shi L, Sheng J, Chen G, Zhu P, Shi C, Li B, Park C, Wang J, Zhang B, Liu Z, Yang X. Combining IL-2-based immunotherapy with commensal probiotics produces enhanced antitumor immune response and tumor clearance. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000973. [PMID: 33028692 PMCID: PMC7542661 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-2 (IL-2) serves as a pioneer of immunotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment. However, there is a considerable proportion of patients who cannot benefit from this therapy due to the limited clinical responses and dose-limiting toxicities. Mounting evidence indicates that commensal microbiota shapes the outcome of cancer immunotherapies. In this study, we aim to investigate the enhancing effect of Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK), a beneficial commensal microbe receiving considerable attentions, on the antitumor efficacy of IL-2 and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods Colorectal carcinoma patient-derived tumor tissues were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of combination treatment. AKK was orally delivered to B16F10 and CT26 tumor-bearing mice along with systemic IL-2 treatment. Flow cytometry was carried out to analyze the tumor immune microenvironment. The molecular mechanism of the enhanced therapeutic efficacy was explored by RNA-seq and then verified in tumor-bearing mice. Results Combined treatment with IL-2 and AKK showed a stronger antitumor efficacy in colorectal cancer patient-derived tumor tissues. Meanwhile, the therapeutic outcome of IL-2 was significantly potentiated by oral administration of AKK in subcutaneous melanoma and colorectal tumor-bearing mice, resulting from the strengthened antitumor immune surveillance. Mechanistically, the antitumor immune response elicited by AKK was partially mediated by Amuc, derived from the outer membrane protein of AKK, through activating toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling pathway. Besides, oral supplementation with AKK protected gut barrier function and maintained mucosal homeostasis under systemic IL-2 treatment. Conclusion These findings propose that IL-2 combined with AKK is a novel therapeutic strategy with prospecting application for cancer treatment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianyong Sheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guozhong Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changping Shi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaiwoo Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Biology, St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Adoptive NK Cell Therapy: A Promising Treatment Prospect for Metastatic Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184722. [PMID: 34572949 PMCID: PMC8471577 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The incidence of metastatic melanoma has been increasing over the past years with current therapies showing limited efficacy to cure the disease. Therefore, other options are being investigated, such as adoptive cell therapy (ACT) where activated immune cells are infused into a patient to attack melanoma. Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system and extremely suitable for this kind of therapy since they show minimal toxicities in the clinical setting. In this review, we focus on current strategies for NK cell therapy and the development of new approaches that hold great promise for the treatment of advanced melanoma. Abstract Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) represents a promising alternative approach for patients with treatment-resistant metastatic melanoma. Lately, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy have shown improved clinical outcome, compared to conventional chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Nevertheless, they are limited by immune escape of the tumor, cytokine release syndrome, and manufacturing challenges of autologous therapies. Conversely, the clinical use of Natural Killer (NK) cells has demonstrated a favorable clinical safety profile with minimal toxicities, providing an encouraging treatment alternative. Unlike T cells, NK cells are activated, amongst other mechanisms, by the downregulation of HLA class I molecules, thereby overcoming the hurdle of tumor immune escape. However, impairment of NK cell function has been observed in melanoma patients, resulting in deteriorated natural defense. To overcome this limitation, “activated” autologous or allogeneic NK cells have been infused into melanoma patients in early clinical trials, showing encouraging clinical benefit. Furthermore, as several NK cell-based therapeutics are being developed for different cancers, an emerging variety of approaches to increase migration and infiltration of adoptively transferred NK cells towards solid tumors is under preclinical investigation. These developments point to adoptive NK cell therapy as a highly promising treatment for metastatic melanoma in the future.
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Terry RL, Meyran D, Fleuren EDG, Mayoh C, Zhu J, Omer N, Ziegler DS, Haber M, Darcy PK, Trapani JA, Neeson PJ, Ekert PG. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell Therapy and the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Pediatric Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184704. [PMID: 34572932 PMCID: PMC8465026 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review explores the current trials using cellular immunotherapies in pediatric sarcoma and describes examples of promising new CAR T targets in sarcoma that are in preclinical development. We provide insights into the ways in which the immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment can impact on CAR T cell therapy, highlighting specific mechanisms by which the tumor microenvironment may limit CAR T efficacy. Appreciation of these mechanisms may lead to rational combinations of immunotherapies, for example, the combination of CAR T cells with checkpoint inhibitor drugs. We also describe innovations in CAR T cell generation and combination therapies that may pave the way to better clinical outcomes for these patients. Abstract Sarcomas are a diverse group of bone and soft tissue tumors that account for over 10% of childhood cancers. Outcomes are particularly poor for children with refractory, relapsed, or metastatic disease. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cells are an exciting form of adoptive cell therapy that potentially offers new hope for these children. In early trials, promising outcomes have been achieved in some pediatric patients with sarcoma. However, many children do not derive benefit despite significant expression of the targeted tumor antigen. The success of CAR T cell therapy in sarcomas and other solid tumors is limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we provide an update of the CAR T cell therapies that are currently being tested in pediatric sarcoma clinical trials, including those targeting tumors that express HER2, NY-ESO, GD2, EGFR, GPC3, B7-H3, and MAGE-A4. We also outline promising new CAR T cells that are in pre-clinical development. Finally, we discuss strategies that are being used to overcome tumor-mediated immunosuppression in solid tumors; these strategies have the potential to improve clinical outcomes of CAR T cell therapy for children with sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael L. Terry
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Randwick 2031, Australia; (R.L.T.); (E.D.G.F.); (C.M.); (D.S.Z.); (M.H.)
- School of Women and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick 2052, Australia
| | - Deborah Meyran
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia; (D.M.); (J.Z.); (P.K.D.); (J.A.T.); (P.J.N.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia
- Inserm, Université de Paris, U976 HIPI Unit, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Emmy D. G. Fleuren
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Randwick 2031, Australia; (R.L.T.); (E.D.G.F.); (C.M.); (D.S.Z.); (M.H.)
- School of Women and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick 2052, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Randwick 2031, Australia; (R.L.T.); (E.D.G.F.); (C.M.); (D.S.Z.); (M.H.)
- School of Women and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick 2052, Australia
| | - Joe Zhu
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia; (D.M.); (J.Z.); (P.K.D.); (J.A.T.); (P.J.N.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Natacha Omer
- Translational Innate Immunotherapy, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute (UQDI), Brisbane 4102, Australia;
- Oncology Services Group, Queensland Children Hospital, Brisbane 4101, Australia
| | - David S. Ziegler
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Randwick 2031, Australia; (R.L.T.); (E.D.G.F.); (C.M.); (D.S.Z.); (M.H.)
- School of Women and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick 2052, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick 2145, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Randwick 2031, Australia; (R.L.T.); (E.D.G.F.); (C.M.); (D.S.Z.); (M.H.)
- School of Women and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick 2052, Australia
| | - Phillip K. Darcy
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia; (D.M.); (J.Z.); (P.K.D.); (J.A.T.); (P.J.N.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Trapani
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia; (D.M.); (J.Z.); (P.K.D.); (J.A.T.); (P.J.N.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Paul J. Neeson
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia; (D.M.); (J.Z.); (P.K.D.); (J.A.T.); (P.J.N.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Paul G. Ekert
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Randwick 2031, Australia; (R.L.T.); (E.D.G.F.); (C.M.); (D.S.Z.); (M.H.)
- School of Women and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick 2052, Australia
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia; (D.M.); (J.Z.); (P.K.D.); (J.A.T.); (P.J.N.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- Correspondence:
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84
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Recent advances in immunotherapy, immunoadjuvant, and nanomaterial-based combination immunotherapy. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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85
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Zhao Y, Bilal M, Qindeel M, Khan MI, Dhama K, Iqbal HMN. Nanotechnology-based immunotherapies to combat cancer metastasis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6563-6580. [PMID: 34424444 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging concepts in nanotechnology have gained particular attention for their clinical translation of immunotherapies of cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases. Several nanoconstructs have been engineered with unique structural, physicochemical, and functional features as robust alternatives for conventional chemotherapies. Traditional cancer therapies like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and ultimately surgery are the most widely practiced in biomedical settings. Biomaterials and nanotechnology have introduced vehicles for drug delivery and have revolutionized the concept of the modern immunotherapeutic paradigm. Various types of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles and, more specifically, drug-loaded nanoparticles are becoming famous for drug delivery applications because of safety, patient compliance, and smart action. Such therapeutic modalities have acknowledged regulatory endorsement and are being used in twenty-first-century clinical settings. Considering the emerging concepts and landscaping potentialities, herein, we spotlight and discuss nanoparticle-based immunotherapies as a smart and sophisticated drug delivery approach to combat cancer metastasis. The introductory part of this manuscript discusses a broad overview of cancer immunotherapy to understand better the tumor microenvironment and nanotechnology-oriented immunomodulatory strategies to cope with advanced-stage cancers. Following that, most addressable problems allied with conventional immunotherapies are given in comparison to nanoparticle-based immunotherapies. The later half of this work comprehensively highlights the requisite delivery of various bioactive entities with particular cases and examples. Finally, this review also encompasses a comprehensive concluding overview and future standpoints to strengthen a successful clinical translation of nanoparticle-based immunotherapies as a smart and sophisticated drug delivery approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Maimoona Qindeel
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hamdard University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico.
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Missale F, Bugatti M, Mattavelli D, Lonardi S, Lombardi D, Nicolai P, Piazza C, Battocchio S, Bozzola AM, Calza S, Vermi W. Metavariables Resuming Host Immune Features and Nodal Involvement Are Associated with Oncological Outcomes in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2021; 10:2203. [PMID: 34571850 PMCID: PMC8472482 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common head and neck cancer characterized by a poor prognosis associated with locoregional or distant failure. Among the predictors of prognosis, a dense infiltration of adaptive immune cells is protective and associated with improved clinical outcomes. However, few tools are available to integrate immune contexture variables into clinical settings. By using digital microscopy analysis of a large retrospective OSCC cohort (n = 182), we explored the clinical significance of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells. To this end, CD8+ T-cells counts were combined with well-established clinical variables and peripheral blood immune cell parameters. Through variable clustering, five metavariables (MV) were obtained and included descriptors of nodal (NODALMV) and primary tumor (TUMORMV) involvement, the frequency of myeloid (MYELOIDMV) or lymphoid (LYMPHOIDMV) peripheral blood immune cell populations, and the density of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells (TI-CD8MV). The clinical relevance of the MV was evaluated in the multivariable survival models. The NODALMV was significantly associated with all tested outcomes (p < 0.001), the LYMPHOIDMV showed a significant association with the overall, disease-specific and distant recurrence-free survival (p < 0.05) and the MYELOIDMV with the locoregional control only (p < 0.001). Finally, TI-CD8MV was associated with distant recurrence-free survival (p = 0.029). Notably, the performance in terms of survival prediction of the combined effect of NODALMV and immune metavariables (LYMPHOIDMV, MYELOIDMV and TI-CD8MV) was superior to the TNM stage for most of the outcomes analyzed. These findings indicate that the analysis of the baseline host immune features are promising tools to complement clinical features, in stratifying the risk of recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Missale
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Head & Neck Oncology & Surgery Otorhinolaryngology, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, Nederlands Kanker Instituut, 1066 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Unit of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (M.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Davide Mattavelli
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.M.); (D.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Unit of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (M.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Davide Lombardi
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.M.); (D.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Piero Nicolai
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2-35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Cesare Piazza
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.M.); (D.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Simonetta Battocchio
- Unit of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (M.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Anna Maria Bozzola
- Unit of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (M.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Stefano Calza
- Unit of Biostatistics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
- BDbiomed, Big and Open Data Innovation Laboratory, University of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy
- Unit of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (M.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (A.M.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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87
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Dou L, Meng X, Yang H, Dong H. Advances in technology and applications of nanoimmunotherapy for cancer. Biomark Res 2021; 9:63. [PMID: 34419164 PMCID: PMC8379775 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-tumor immune interactions play critical roles in the natural history of tumors, including oncogenesis, progress and metastasis. On the one hand, neoantigens have the potential to drive a tumor-specific immune response. In tumors, immunogenic cell death (ICD) triggered by various inducers can initiate a strong host anti-immune response. On the other hand, the tolerogenic tumor immune microenvironment suppresses host immune responses that eradicate tumor cells and impair the effect of tumor therapy. Therefore, a deeper understanding and more effective manipulation of the intricate host-tumor immune interaction involving the host, tumor cells and the corresponding tumor immune microenvironment are required. Despite the encouraging breakthroughs resulting from tumor immunotherapy, no single strategy has elicited sufficient or sustained antitumor immune responses in most patients with specific malignancies due to limited activation of specific antitumor immune responses and inadequate remodeling of the tolerogenic tumor immune microenvironment. However, nanotechnology provides a unique paradigm to simultaneously tackle all these challenges, including effective “targeted” delivery of tumor antigens, sustained ICD mediation, and “cold” tumor microenvironment remodeling. In this review, we focus on several key concepts in host-tumor immune interactions and discuss the corresponding therapeutic strategy based on the application of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dou
- Department of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xiangdan Meng
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huiyuan Yang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Haifeng Dong
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China. .,School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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88
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Est-Witte SE, Livingston NK, Omotoso MO, Green JJ, Schneck JP. Nanoparticles for generating antigen-specific T cells for immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 2021; 56:101541. [PMID: 34922816 PMCID: PMC8900015 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
T cell therapy shows promise as an immunotherapy in both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive applications. However, the forms of T cell-based therapy that are currently in the clinic, such as adoptive cell transfer and vaccines, are limited by cost, time-to-treatment, and patient variability. Nanoparticles offer a modular, universal platform to improve the efficacy of various T cell therapies as nanoparticle properties can be easily modified for enhanced cell targeting, organ targeting, and cell internalization. Nanoparticles can enhance or even replace endogenous cells during each step of generating an antigen-specific T cell response - from antigen presentation and T cell activation to T cell maintenance. In this review, we discuss the unique applications of nanoparticles for antigen-specific T cell therapy, focusing on nanoparticles as vaccines (to activate endogenous antigen presenting cells (APCs)), as artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (aAPCs, to directly activate T cells), and as drug delivery vehicles (to support activated T cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah E Est-Witte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, USA, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Natalie K Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, USA, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mary O Omotoso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, USA, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology, Oncology, Neurosurgery, Materials Science & Engineering, and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, and The Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Jonathan P Schneck
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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89
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Wang S, Zhang Z, Wei S, He F, Li Z, Wang HH, Huang Y, Nie Z. Near-infrared light-controllable MXene hydrogel for tunable on-demand release of therapeutic proteins. Acta Biomater 2021; 130:138-148. [PMID: 34082094 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Precise delivery of therapeutic protein drugs that specifically modulate desired cellular responses is critical in clinical practice. However, the spatiotemporal regulation of protein drugs release to manipulate the target cell population in vivo remains a huge challenge. Herein, we have rationally developed an injectable and Near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive MXene-hydrogel composed of Ti3C2, agarose, and protein that enables flexibly and precisely control the release profile of protein drugs to modulate cellular behaviors with high spatiotemporal precision remotely. As a proof-of-concept study, we preloaded hepatic growth factor (HGF) into the MXene@hydrogel (MXene@agarose/HGF) to activate the c-Met-mediated signaling by NIR light. We demonstrated NIR light-instructed cell diffusion, migration, and proliferation at the user-defined localization, further promoting angiogenesis and wound healing in vivo. Our approach's versatility was validated by preloading tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α) into the composite hydrogel (MXene@agarose/TNF-α) to promote the pro-apoptotic signaling pathway, achieving the NIR light-induced programmed cell deaths (PCD) of tumor spheroids. Taking advantage of the deep-tissue penetrative NIR light, we could eradicate the deep-seated tumors in a xenograft model exogenously. Therefore, the proposed MXene-hydrogel provides the impetus for developing therapeutic synthetic materials for light-controlled drug release under thick tissue, which will find promising applications in regenerative medicine and tumor therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Current stimuli-responsive hydrogels for therapeutic proteins delivery mainly depend on self-degradation, passive diffusion, or the responsiveness to cues relevant to diseases. However, it remains challenging to spatiotemporally deliver protein-based drugs to manipulate the target cell population in vivo in an "on-demand" manner. Therefore, we have rationally constructed an injectable and Near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive composite hydrogel by embedding Ti3C2 MXene and protein drugs within an agarose hydrogel to enable the remote control of protein drugs delivery with high spatiotemporal precision. The NIR light-controlled release of the growth factor or cytokine has been carried out to regulate receptor-mediated cellular behaviors under deep tissue for skin wound healing or cancer therapy. This system will provide the potential for precision medicine through the development of intelligent drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 P.R. China
| | - Fang He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 P.R. China
| | - Zhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 P.R. China
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 P.R. China.
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 P.R. China
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 P.R. China.
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Pires IS, Hammond PT, Irvine DJ. Engineering Strategies for Immunomodulatory Cytokine Therapies - Challenges and Clinical Progress. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2100035. [PMID: 34734110 PMCID: PMC8562465 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are immunoregulatory proteins involved in many pathological states with promising potential as therapeutic agents. A diverse array of cytokines have been studied in preclinical disease models since the 1950s, some of which became successful biopharmaceutical products with the advancement of recombinant protein technology in the 1980s. However, following these early approvals, clinical translation of these natural immune signaling molecules has been limited due to their pleiotropic action in many cell types, and the fact that they have evolved to act primarily locally in tissues. These characteristics, combined with poor pharmacokinetics, have hindered the delivery of cytokines via systemic administration routes due to dose-limiting toxicities. However, given their clinical potential and recent clinical successes in cancer immunotherapy, cytokines continue to be extensively pursued in preclinical and clinical studies, and a range of molecular and formulation engineering strategies are being applied to reduce treatment toxicity while maintaining or enhancing therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a brief background on the characteristics of cytokines and their history as clinical therapeutics, followed by a deeper discussion on the engineering strategies developed for cytokine therapies with a focus on the translational relevance of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Pires
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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91
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Haley RM, Gottardi R, Langer R, Mitchell MJ. Cyclodextrins in drug delivery: applications in gene and combination therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 10:661-677. [PMID: 32077052 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a powerful tool against genetic disorders and cancer, targeting the source of the disease rather than just treating the symptoms. While much of the initial success of gene delivery relied on viral vectors, non-viral vectors are emerging as promising gene delivery systems for efficacious treatment with decreased toxicity concerns. However, the delivery of genetic material is still challenging, and there is a need for vectors with enhanced targeting, reduced toxicity, and controlled release. In this article, we highlight current work in gene therapy which utilizes the cyclic oligosaccharide molecule cyclodextrin (CD). With a number of unique abilities, such as hosting small molecule drugs, acting as a linker or modular component, reducing immunogenicity, and disrupting membranes, CD is a valuable constituent in many delivery systems. These carriers also demonstrate great promise in combination therapies, due to the ease of assembling macromolecular structures and wide variety of chemical derivatives, which allow for customizable delivery systems and co-delivery of therapeutics. The use of combination and personalized therapies can result in improved patient health-modular systems, such as those which incorporate CD, are more conducive to these therapy types. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Haley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Riccardo Gottardi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, Italy
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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92
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Guan J, Chen W, Yang M, Wu E, Qian J, Zhan C. Regulation of in vivo delivery of nanomedicines by herbal medicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:210-228. [PMID: 33887404 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicines are of increasing scrutiny due to their improved efficacy and/or mitigated side effects. They can be integrated with many other therapeutics to further boost the clinical benefits. Among those, herbal medicines are arousing great interest to be combined with nanomedicines to exert synergistic effects in multifaceted mechanisms. The in vivo performance of nanomedicines which determines the therapeutic efficacy and safety is believed to be heavily influenced by the physio-pathological characters of the body. Activation of multiple immune factors, e.g., complement system, phagocytic cells, lymphocytes, and among many others, can affect the fate of nanomedicines in blood circulation, biodistribution, interaction with single cells and intracellular transport. Immunomodulatory effects and metabolic regulation by herbal medicines have been widely witnessed during the past decades, which alter the physio-pathological conditions and dramatically affect in vivo delivery of nanomedicines. In this review, we summarize recent progress of understanding on the in vivo delivery process of nanomedicines and analyze the major affecting factors that regulate the interaction of nanomedicines with organisms. We discuss the immunomodulatory roles and metabolic regulation by herbal medicines and their effects on in vivo delivery process of nanomedicines, as well as the prospective clinical benefits from the combination of nanomedicines and herbal medicines.
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93
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Saeed M, Chen F, Ye J, Shi Y, Lammers T, De Geest BG, Xu ZP, Yu H. From Design to Clinic: Engineered Nanobiomaterials for Immune Normalization Therapy of Cancer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008094. [PMID: 34048101 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is comprised of a complex milieu that contributes to stunting antitumor immune responses by restricting T cells to accumulate in the vicinity of the tumor. Nanomedicine-based strategies are being proposed as a salvage effort to reinvigorate antitumor immunity. Various strategies, however, often fail to unleash the antitumor immune response because of the paucity of appropriate therapeutic targets in the complex TIME, invigorating a fervor of investigation into mechanisms underlying the TIME to resist nanomedicines. In this review article, effective nano/biomaterial-based delivery and TIME normalization approaches that promote T cell-mediated antitumor immune response will be discussed, with a focus on emerging preclinical and clinical strategies for immune normalization. Based on currently available evidence, it seems as if the ultimate success of cancer immunotherapy and nanomedicine hinges on the capacity to normalize the TIME. Here, how nanomedicines target immunosuppressive cells and signaling pathways to broaden the impact of cancer immunotherapy are explored. Acquisition of the urgently needed knowledge of nanomedicine-mediated immune normalization will guide researchers and scientists towards clinical applications of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Saeed
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fangming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiayi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bruno G De Geest
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Haijun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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94
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Li Y, Hou H, Zhang P, Zhang Z. Co-delivery of doxorubicin and paclitaxel by reduction/pH dual responsive nanocarriers for osteosarcoma therapy. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1044-1053. [PMID: 32633576 PMCID: PMC7470123 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1785049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery system offers a promising platform for combination cancer therapy. However, the inefficient drug release in cells reduces the therapeutic efficacy of cancer nanomedicines. Herein, a PEGylated poly(α-lipoic acid) copolymer (mPEG-PαLA) was prepared and used as a reduction/pH dual responsive nanocarrier to simultaneously deliver paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DOX) for osteosarcoma therapy. The amphiphilic mPEG-PαLA could efficiently encapsulate both PTX and DOX during its self-assembly into micelles in aqueous solution to generate PTX and DOX co-loaded nanoparticles (NP-PTX-DOX). The as-prepared NP-PTX-DOX showed enhanced PTX and DOX release in response to reductive and acidic stimuli. Moreover, the dual-drug loaded nanoparticles were efficiently internalized by K7 osteosarcoma cells and released drugs intracellularly, as confirmed by flow cytometry analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Consequently, NP-PTX-DOX exhibited synergistic therapeutic effects and induced enhanced cell apoptosis in K7 cells. Furthermore, NP-PTX-DOX presented improved biodistribution and higher tumor growth inhibition efficacy compared to the control groups in a murine osteosarcoma model. Altogether, the results of this work indicate that the proposed strategy is promising for osteosarcoma therapy using mPEG-PαLA copolymer as a dual-responsive nanocarrier to co-deliver anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Hao Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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95
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Krebs CF, Turner JE, Riedel JH, Panzer U. Tissue-specific therapy in immune-mediated kidney diseases: new ARGuments for targeting the IL-23/IL-17 axis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e150588. [PMID: 34128472 DOI: 10.1172/jci150588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated kidney diseases are a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Despite recent discoveries, the immunopathogenesis of this heterogeneous disease group remains incompletely understood, which is a major reason for the lack of specific therapies and targeted interventions. Accumulating evidence suggests that cytokines related to the T cell response play an important role in renal autoimmunity. In this issue of the JCI, Li et al. demonstrate that IL-23 directly regulates the metabolism of parenchymal kidney cells, thereby generating a proinflammatory microenvironment that exacerbates T cell-driven renal tissue damage. These findings identify the IL-23/IL-17 axis as a key mediator of renal tissue injury and open new avenues for the development of pathogenesis-based treatment strategies in renal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F Krebs
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), and.,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Eric Turner
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), and.,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Riedel
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), and.,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), and.,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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96
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Akkın S, Varan G, Bilensoy E. A Review on Cancer Immunotherapy and Applications of Nanotechnology to Chemoimmunotherapy of Different Cancers. Molecules 2021; 26:3382. [PMID: 34205019 PMCID: PMC8199882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically, different approaches are adopted worldwide for the treatment of cancer, which still ranks second among all causes of death. Immunotherapy for cancer treatment has been the focus of attention in recent years, aiming for an eventual antitumoral effect through the immune system response to cancer cells both prophylactically and therapeutically. The application of nanoparticulate delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy, which is defined as the use of immune system features in cancer treatment, is currently the focus of research. Nanomedicines and nanoparticulate macromolecule delivery for cancer therapy is believed to facilitate selective cytotoxicity based on passive or active targeting to tumors resulting in improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects. Today, with more than 55 different nanomedicines in the market, it is possible to provide more effective cancer diagnosis and treatment by using nanotechnology. Cancer immunotherapy uses the body's immune system to respond to cancer cells; however, this may lead to increased immune response and immunogenicity. Selectivity and targeting to cancer cells and tumors may lead the way to safer immunotherapy and nanotechnology-based delivery approaches that can help achieve the desired success in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiye Akkın
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Gamze Varan
- Department of Vaccine Technology, Hacettepe University Vaccine Institute, 06100 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Erem Bilensoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey;
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97
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Chauhan DS, Dhasmana A, Laskar P, Prasad R, Jain NK, Srivastava R, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM. Nanotechnology synergized immunoengineering for cancer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 163:72-101. [PMID: 33774162 PMCID: PMC8170847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel strategies modulating the immune system yielded enhanced anticancer responses and improved cancer survival. Nevertheless, the success rate of immunotherapy in cancer treatment has been below expectation(s) due to unpredictable efficacy and off-target effects from systemic dosing of immunotherapeutic(s). As a result, there is an unmet clinical need for improving conventional immunotherapy. Nanotechnology offers several new strategies, multimodality, and multiplex biological targeting advantage to overcome many of these challenges. These efforts enable programming the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and delivery of immunomodulatory agents/co-delivery of compounds to prime at the tumor sites for improved therapeutic benefits. This review provides an overview of the design and clinical principles of biomaterials driven nanotechnology and their potential use in personalized nanomedicines, vaccines, localized tumor modulation, and delivery strategies for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we also summarize the latest highlights and recent advances in combinatorial therapies availed in the treatment of cold and complicated tumors. It also presents key steps and parameters implemented for clinical success. Finally, we analyse, discuss, and provide clinical perspectives on the integrated opportunities of nanotechnology and immunology to achieve synergistic and durable responses in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak S Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Partha Laskar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Nishant K Jain
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA.
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Peng X, Wang J, Zhou F, Liu Q, Zhang Z. Nanoparticle-based approaches to target the lymphatic system for antitumor treatment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5139-5161. [PMID: 33963442 PMCID: PMC11072902 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have been established as safe and efficient modalities for numerous tumor treatments. The lymphatic system, which is an important system, can modulate the immune system via a complex network, which includes lymph nodes, vessels, and lymphocytes. With the deepening understanding of tumor immunology, a plethora of immunotherapies, which include vaccines, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy, have been established for antitumor treatments. However, the deleterious off-target effects and nonspecific targeting of therapeutic agents result in low efficacy of immunotherapy. Fortunately, nanoparticle-based approaches for targeting the lymphatic system afford a unique opportunity to manufacture drugs that can simultaneously tackle both aspects, thereby improving tumor treatments. Over the past decades, great strides have been made in the development of DC vaccines and nanomedicine as antitumor treatments in the field of lymphatic therapeutics and diagnosis. In this review, we summarize the current strategies through which nanoparticle technology has been designed to target the lymphatic system and describe applications of lymphatic imaging for the diagnosis and image-guided surgery of tumor metastasis. Moreover, improvements in the tumor specificity of nanovaccines and medicines, which have been realized through targeting or stimulating the lymphatic system, can provide amplified antitumor immune responses and reduce side effects, thereby promoting the paradigm of antitumor treatment into the clinic to benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhou Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Feifan Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
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Qiu Y, Su M, Liu L, Tang Y, Pan Y, Sun J. Clinical Application of Cytokines in Cancer Immunotherapy. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:2269-2287. [PMID: 34079226 PMCID: PMC8166316 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s308578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are key components of the immune system and play pivotal roles in anticancer immune response. Cytokines as either therapeutic agents or targets hold clinical promise for cancer precise treatment. Here, we provide an overview of the various roles of cytokines in the cancer immunity cycle, with a particular focus on the clinical researches of cytokine-based drugs in cancer therapy. We review 27 cytokines in 2630 cancer clinical trials registered with ClinicalTrials.gov that had completed recruitment up to January 2021 while summarizing important cases for each cytokine. We also discuss recent progress in methods for improving the delivery efficiency, stability, biocompatibility, and availability of cytokines in therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qiu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengxi Su
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leyi Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqi Tang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Pan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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100
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Jicsinszky L, Martina K, Cravotto G. Cyclodextrins in the antiviral therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021; 64:102589. [PMID: 34035845 PMCID: PMC8135197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The main antiviral drug-cyclodextrin interactions, changes in physicochemical and physiological properties of the most commonly used virucides are summarized. The potential complexation of antiviral molecules against the SARS-Cov2 also pointed out the lack of detailed information in designing effective and general medicines against viral infections. The principal problem of the current molecules is the 3D structures of the currently active compounds. Improving the solubility or bioavailability of antiviral molecules is possible, however, there is no universal solution, and the complexation experiments dominantly use the already approved cyclodextrin derivatives. This review discusses the basic properties of the different cyclodextrin derivatives, their potential in antiviral formulations, and the prevention and treatment of viral infections. The biologically active new cyclodextrin derivatives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Jicsinszky
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Katia Martina
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
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