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Clancy AJ, Anthony DB, De Luca F. Metal Mimics: Lightweight, Strong, and Tough Nanocomposites and Nanomaterial Assemblies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:15955-15975. [PMID: 32191431 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ideal structural material would have high strength and stiffness with a tough ductile failure, all with a low density. Historically, no such material exists, and materials engineers have had to sacrifice a desired property during materials selection, with metals (high density), fiber composites (brittle failure), and polymers (low stiffness) having fundamental limitations on at least one front. The ongoing revolution of nanomaterials provides a potential route to build on the potential of fiber-reinforced composites, matching their strength while integrating toughening behaviors akin to metal deformations, all while using low-weight constituents. Here, the challenges, approaches, and recent developments of nanomaterials for structural applications are discussed, with an emphasis on improving toughening mechanisms, which is often the neglected factor in a field that chases strength and stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Clancy
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - David B Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - François De Luca
- Advanced Materials Characterisation group, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, U.K
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52
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Wang Z, Singaravelu ASS, Dai R, Nian Q, Chawla N, Wang RY. Ligand Crosslinking Boosts Thermal Transport in Colloidal Nanocrystal Solids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyong Wang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
| | | | - Rui Dai
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
| | - Qiong Nian
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
| | - Nikhilesh Chawla
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
| | - Robert Y. Wang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
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53
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Sentker K, Yildirim A, Lippmann M, Zantop AW, Bertram F, Hofmann T, Seeck OH, Kityk AV, Mazza MG, Schönhals A, Huber P. Self-assembly of liquid crystals in nanoporous solids for adaptive photonic metamaterials. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:23304-23317. [PMID: 31788679 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous media exhibit structures significantly smaller than the wavelengths of visible light and can thus act as photonic metamaterials. Their optical functionality is not determined by the properties of the base materials, but rather by tailored, multiscale structures, in terms of precise pore shape, geometry, and orientation. Embedding liquid crystals in pore space provides additional opportunities to control light-matter interactions at the single-pore, meta-atomic scale. Here, we present temperature-dependent 3D reciprocal space mapping using synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction in combination with high-resolution birefringence experiments on disk-like mesogens (HAT6) imbibed in self-ordered arrays of parallel cylindrical pores 17 to 160 nm across in monolithic anodic aluminium oxide (AAO). In agreement with Monte Carlo computer simulations we observe a remarkably rich self-assembly behaviour, unknown from the bulk state. It encompasses transitions between the isotropic liquid state and discotic stacking in linear columns as well as circular concentric ring formation perpendicular and parallel to the pore axis. These textural transitions underpin an optical birefringence functionality, tuneable in magnitude and in sign from positive to negative via pore size, pore surface-grafting and temperature. Our study demonstrates that the advent of large-scale, self-organised nanoporosity in monolithic solids along with confinement-controllable phase behaviour of liquid-crystalline matter at the single-pore scale provides a reliable and accessible tool to design materials with adjustable optical anisotropy, and thus offers versatile pathways to fine-tune polarisation-dependent light propagation speeds in materials. Such a tailorability is at the core of the emerging field of transformative optics, allowing, e.g., adjustable light absorbers and extremely thin metalenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Sentker
- Institute of Materials Physics and Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Arda Yildirim
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Milena Lippmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne W Zantop
- Max-Planck-Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Bertram
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tommy Hofmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver H Seeck
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andriy V Kityk
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland.
| | - Marco G Mazza
- Max-Planck-Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany and Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Huber
- Institute of Materials Physics and Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
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54
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Wang Z, Liu T, Zhao Y, Lee J, Wei Q, Yan J, Li S, Olszewski M, Yin R, Zhai Y, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Synthesis of Gradient Copolymer Grafted Particle Brushes by ATRP. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jaejun Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Qiangbing Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiajun Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sipei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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55
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Mukharamova N, Lapkin D, Zaluzhnyy IA, André A, Lazarev S, Kim YY, Sprung M, Kurta RP, Schreiber F, Vartanyants IA, Scheele M. Revealing Grain Boundaries and Defect Formation in Nanocrystal Superlattices by Nanodiffraction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1904954. [PMID: 31729151 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
X-ray nanodiffraction is applied to study the formation and correlation of domain boundaries in mesocrystalline superlattices of PbS nanocrystals with face-centered cubic structure. Each domain of the superlattice can be described with one of two mesocrystalline polymorphs with different orientational orders. Close to a grain boundary, the lattice constant decreases and the superlattice undergoes an out-of-plane rotation, while the orientation of the nanocrystals with respect to the superlattice remains unchanged. These findings are explained with the release of stress on the expense of specific nanocrystal-substrate interactions. The fact that correlations between adjacent nanocrystals are found to survive the structural changes at most grain boundaries implies that the key to nanocrystal superlattices with macroscopic domain sizes are strengthened interactions with the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastasia Mukharamova
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitry Lapkin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivan A Zaluzhnyy
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, 115409, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander André
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sergey Lazarev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Tomsk Open Laboratory for Material Inspection (TOLMI), National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), pr. Lenina 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Young Yong Kim
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ruslan P Kurta
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ivan A Vartanyants
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, 115409, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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56
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Domènech B, Plunkett A, Kampferbeck M, Blankenburg M, Bor B, Giuntini D, Krekeler T, Wagstaffe M, Noei H, Stierle A, Ritter M, Müller M, Vossmeyer T, Weller H, Schneider GA. Modulating the Mechanical Properties of Supercrystalline Nanocomposite Materials via Solvent-Ligand Interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13893-13903. [PMID: 31580678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Supercrystalline nanocomposite materials with micromechanical properties approaching those of nacre or similar structural biomaterials can be produced by self-assembly of organically modified nanoparticles and further strengthened by cross-linking. The strengthening of these nanocomposites is controlled via thermal treatment, which promotes the formation of covalent bonds between interdigitated ligands on the nanoparticle surface. In this work, it is shown how the extent of the mechanical properties enhancement can be controlled by the solvent used during the self-assembly step. We find that the resulting mechanical properties correlate with the Hansen solubility parameters of the solvents and ligands used for the supercrystal assembly: the hardness and elastic modulus decrease as the Hansen solubility parameter of the solvent approaches the Hansen solubility parameter of the ligands that stabilize the nanoparticles. Moreover, it is shown that self-assembled supercrystals that are subsequently uniaxially pressed can deform up to 6 %. The extent of this deformation is also closely related to the solvent used during the self-assembly step. These results indicate that the conformation and arrangement of the organic ligands on the nanoparticle surface not only control the self-assembly itself but also influence the mechanical properties of the resulting supercrystalline material. The Hansen solubility parameters may therefore serve as a tool to predict what solvents and ligands should be used to obtain supercrystalline materials with good mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Kampferbeck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Hamburg , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Malte Blankenburg
- Institute of Materials Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht , 21502 Geesthacht , Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Heshmat Noei
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Fachbereich Physik , Universität Hamburg , 20355 Hamburg , Germany
| | | | - Martin Müller
- Institute of Materials Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht , 21502 Geesthacht , Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Hamburg , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Hamburg , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
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57
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Lv ZP, Kapuscinski M, Bergström L. Tunable assembly of truncated nanocubes by evaporation-driven poor-solvent enrichment. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4228. [PMID: 31530817 PMCID: PMC6748999 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of nanocrystals is extensively used to generate superlattices with long-range translational order and atomic crystallographic orientation, i.e. mesocrystals, with emergent mesoscale properties, but the predictability and tunability of the assembly methods are poorly understood. Here, we report how mesocrystals produced by poor-solvent enrichment can be tuned by solvent composition, initial nanocrystal concentration, poor-solvent enrichment rate, and excess surfactant. The crystallographic coherence and mesoscopic order within the mesocrystal were characterized using techniques in real and reciprocal spaces, and superlattice growth was followed in real time by small-angle X-ray scattering. We show that formation of highly ordered superlattices is dominated by the evaporation-driven increase of the solvent polarity and particle concentration, and facilitated by excess surfactant. Poor-solvent enrichment is a versatile nanoparticle assembly method that offers a promising production route with high predictability to modulate and maximize the size and morphology of nanocrystal metamaterials. Versatile methods that can predictably assemble nanocrystals into large, well-ordered superlattices are rare. Here, the authors develop such a method–evaporation-driven poor-solvent enrichment–and rigorously determine the effect of various experimental parameters on the size, morphology, and mesoscopic order of the superlattices, giving the approach high predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Peng Lv
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Kapuscinski
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Bergström
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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58
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Elasticity of Cross-Linked Titania Nanocrystal Assemblies Probed by AFM-Bulge Tests. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091230. [PMID: 31470667 PMCID: PMC6780250 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In order to enable advanced technological applications of nanocrystal composites, e.g., as functional coatings and layers in flexible optics and electronics, it is necessary to understand and control their mechanical properties. The objective of this study was to show how the elasticity of such composites depends on the nanocrystals’ dimensionality. To this end, thin films of titania nanodots (TNDs; diameter: ~3–7 nm), nanorods (TNRs; diameter: ~3.4 nm; length: ~29 nm), and nanoplates (TNPs; thickness: ~6 nm; edge length: ~34 nm) were assembled via layer-by-layer spin-coating. 1,12-dodecanedioic acid (12DAC) was added to cross-link the nanocrystals and to enable regular film deposition. The optical attenuation coefficients of the films were determined by ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) absorbance measurements, revealing much lower values than those known for titania films prepared via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed a homogeneous coverage of the substrates on the µm-scale but a highly disordered arrangement of nanocrystals on the nm-scale. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirmed the presence of the 12DAC cross-linker after film fabrication. After transferring the films onto silicon substrates featuring circular apertures (diameter: 32–111 µm), freestanding membranes (thickness: 20–42 nm) were obtained and subjected to atomic force microscopy bulge tests (AFM-bulge tests). These measurements revealed increasing elastic moduli with increasing dimensionality of the nanocrystals, i.e., 2.57 ± 0.18 GPa for the TND films, 5.22 ± 0.39 GPa for the TNR films, and 7.21 ± 1.04 GPa for the TNP films.
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59
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Sgarminato V, Tonda-Turo C, Ciardelli G. Reviewing recently developed technologies to direct cell activity through the control of pore size: From the macro- to the nanoscale. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:1176-1185. [PMID: 31429201 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Scaffold pore size plays a fundamental role in the regeneration of new tissue since it has been shown to direct cell activity in situ. It is well known that cellular response changes in relation with pores diameter. Consequently, researchers developed efficient approaches to realize scaffolds with controllable macro-, micro-, and nanoporous architecture. In this context, new strategies aiming at the manufacturing of scaffolds with multiscale pore networks have emerged, in the attempt to mimic the complex hierarchical structures found in living systems. In this review, we aim at providing an overview of the fabrication methods currently adopted to realize scaffolds with controlled, multisized pores highlighting their specific influence on cellular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Sgarminato
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Tonda-Turo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,POLITO BIOMedLAB, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,POLITO BIOMedLAB, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department for Materials and Devices of the National Research Council, Institute for the Chemical and Physical Processes (CNR-IPCF UOS), Pisa, Italy
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60
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Doblas D, Kister T, Cano-Bonilla M, González-García L, Kraus T. Colloidal Solubility and Agglomeration of Apolar Nanoparticles in Different Solvents. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5246-5252. [PMID: 31251877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We studied the concentration-dependent agglomeration of apolar nanoparticles in different solvents. Octanethiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in evaporating liquid droplets were observed in situ using small-angle X-ray scattering. Concurrent analysis of liquid volume and particle agglomeration provided time-dependent absolute concentrations of free and agglomerated particles. All dispersions underwent an initial stage where the particle concentration increased but no agglomerates formed. Subsequently, agglomeration started at concentrations that varied by several orders of magnitude for different solvents. While agglomerates grew, the concentration of the dispersed particles remained at a constant "colloidal solubility" in most solvents. We consistently found that the colloidal stability of AuNPs decreased as cyclohexane > heptane > nonane > decane > toluene and suggest that details of the molecular interactions between solvent and ligand shell set this order.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Doblas
- INM - Leibniz-Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Thomas Kister
- INM - Leibniz-Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Marina Cano-Bonilla
- INM - Leibniz-Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Lola González-García
- INM - Leibniz-Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM - Leibniz-Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
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61
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Arndt B, Sellschopp K, Creutzburg M, Grånäs E, Krausert K, Vonk V, Müller S, Noei H, Feldbauer GBV, Stierle A. Carboxylic acid induced near-surface restructuring of a magnetite surface. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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62
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Giuntini D, Torresani E, Chan KT, Blankenburg M, Saviot L, Bor B, Domènech B, Shachar M, Müller M, Olevsky EA, Garay JE, Schneider GA. Iron oxide-based nanostructured ceramics with tailored magnetic and mechanical properties: development of mechanically robust, bulk superparamagnetic materials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:3139-3150. [PMID: 36133595 PMCID: PMC9418813 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00222g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured iron-oxide based materials with tailored mechanical and magnetic behavior are produced in bulk form. By applying ultra-fast heating routines via spark plasma sintering (SPS) to supercrystalline pellets, materials with an enhanced combination of elastic modulus, hardness and saturation magnetization are achieved. Supercrystallinity - namely the arrangement of the constituent nanoparticles into periodic structures - is achieved through self-assembly of the organically-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles. The optimization of the following SPS regime allows the control of organics' removal, necking, iron oxide phase transformations and nano-grain size retention, and thus the fine-tuning of both mechanical properties and magnetic response, up until the production of bulk mm-size superparamagnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Giuntini
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) Denickestr. 15 D-21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Elisa Torresani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University (SDSU) 5500 Campanile Dr. San Diego CA 92182 USA
| | - Kyle T Chan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD) 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Malte Blankenburg
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Max-Planck-Str. 1 D-21502 Geesthacht Germany
| | - Lucien Saviot
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté 9 Av. A. Savary, BP 47 870 Dijon Cedex F-21078 France
| | - Büsra Bor
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) Denickestr. 15 D-21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Berta Domènech
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) Denickestr. 15 D-21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Meir Shachar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD) 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Martin Müller
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Max-Planck-Str. 1 D-21502 Geesthacht Germany
| | - Eugene A Olevsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University (SDSU) 5500 Campanile Dr. San Diego CA 92182 USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD) 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Javier E Garay
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD) 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Gerold A Schneider
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) Denickestr. 15 D-21073 Hamburg Germany
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63
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Lehmkühler F, Schulz F, Schroer MA, Frenzel L, Lange H, Grübel G. Local orientational order in self-assembled nanoparticle films: the role of ligand composition and salt. J Appl Crystallogr 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576719007568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An X-ray cross-correlation study of the local orientational order in self-assembled films made from PEGylated gold nanoparticles is presented. The local structure of this model system is dominated by four- and sixfold order. Coadsorption of shorter ligands in the particle's ligand layer and variation of salt concentration in the suspension prior to self-assembly result in a change of local orientational order. The degree of sixfold order is reduced after salt addition. This decrease of order is less pronounced for the fourfold symmetry. The results presented here suggest complex symmetry-selective order formation upon ligand exchange and salt addition and demonstrate the versatility of X-ray cross-correlation methods for nanoparticle superlattices.
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64
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Begley MR, Gianola DS, Ray TR. Bridging functional nanocomposites to robust macroscale devices. Science 2019; 364:364/6447/eaav4299. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aav4299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
At the intersection of the outwardly disparate fields of nanoparticle science and three-dimensional printing lies the promise of revolutionary new “nanocomposite” materials. Emergent phenomena deriving from the nanoscale constituents pave the way for a new class of transformative materials with encoded functionality amplified by new couplings between electrical, optical, transport, and mechanical properties. We provide an overview of key scientific advances that empower the development of such materials: nanoparticle synthesis and assembly, multiscale assembly and patterning, and mechanical characterization to assess stability. The focus is on recent illustrations of approaches that bridge these fields, facilitate the design of ordered nanocomposites, and offer clear pathways to device integration. We conclude by highlighting the remaining scientific challenges, including the critical need for assembly-compatible particle–fluid systems that ultimately yield mechanically robust materials. The role of domain boundaries and/or defects emerges as an important open question to address, with recent advances in fabrication setting the stage for future work in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Begley
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S. Gianola
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Tyler R. Ray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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65
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Schnitte M, Staiger A, Casper LA, Mecking S. Uniform shape monodisperse single chain nanocrystals by living aqueous catalytic polymerization. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2592. [PMID: 31197178 PMCID: PMC6565736 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of polymer nanoparticles with a uniform size and shape, beyond spheres, is an unresolved problem. Here we report a living aqueous catalytic polymerization, resulting in particles grown by a single active site and composed of a single ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) chain. The control on a molecular level (Mw/Mn = 1.1–1.2) and at the same time on a particle level (PDI < 0.05) together with the immediate deposition of the growing chain on the growing nanocrystal results in a distinct evolution of the particle morphology over time. These uniform nanocrystals are obtained as concentrated aqueous dispersions of > 10 wt-% (N ≈ 1019 particles L−1) polymer content. Key to this robust procedure to single chain nanoparticles are long-lived water-stable Ni(II) catalysts that do not undergo any chain transfer. These findings are a relevant step towards polymer materials based on nanoparticle assembly. The formation of polymer nanoparticles with a uniform size and shape, beyond spheres, is an unresolved problem. Here the authors show a living aqueous catalytic polymerization forming single crystal particles grown by a single active site and composed of a single ultra high molecular weight polyethylene chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Schnitte
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Anne Staiger
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Larissa A Casper
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany.
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66
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Zhang Y, Heim FM, Bartlett JL, Song N, Isheim D, Li X. Bioinspired, graphene-enabled Ni composites with high strength and toughness. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav5577. [PMID: 31172024 PMCID: PMC6544452 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav5577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nature's wisdom resides in achieving a joint enhancement of strength and toughness by constructing intelligent, hierarchical architectures from extremely limited resources. A representative example is nacre, in which a brick-and-mortar structure enables a confluence of toughening mechanisms on multiple length scales. The result is an outstanding combination of strength and toughness which is hardly achieved by engineering materials. Here, a bioinspired Ni/Ni3C composite with nacre-like, brick-and-mortar structure was constructed from Ni powders and graphene sheets. This composite achieved a 73% increase in strength with only a 28% compromise on ductility, leading to a notable improvement in toughness. The graphene-derived Ni-Ti-Al/Ni3C composite retained high hardness up to 1000°C. The present study unveiled a method to smartly use 2D materials to fabricate high-performance metal matrix composites with brick-and-mortar structure through interfacial reactions and, furthermore, created an opportunity of developing advanced Ni-C-based alloys for high-temperature environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunya Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4746, USA
| | - Frederick M Heim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4746, USA
| | - Jamison L Bartlett
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4746, USA
| | - Ningning Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4746, USA
| | - Dieter Isheim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3108, USA
- Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4746, USA
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67
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Domènech B, Kampferbeck M, Larsson E, Krekeler T, Bor B, Giuntini D, Blankenburg M, Ritter M, Müller M, Vossmeyer T, Weller H, Schneider GA. Hierarchical supercrystalline nanocomposites through the self-assembly of organically-modified ceramic nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3435. [PMID: 30837545 PMCID: PMC6401156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials often display outstanding combinations of mechanical properties thanks to their hierarchical structuring, which occurs through a dynamically and biologically controlled growth and self-assembly of their main constituents, typically mineral and protein. However, it is still challenging to obtain this ordered multiscale structural organization in synthetic 3D-nanocomposite materials. Herein, we report a new bottom-up approach for the synthesis of macroscale hierarchical nanocomposite materials in a single step. By controlling the content of organic phase during the self-assembly of monodisperse organically-modified nanoparticles (iron oxide with oleyl phosphate), either purely supercrystalline or hierarchically structured supercrystalline nanocomposite materials are obtained. Beyond a critical concentration of organic phase, a hierarchical material is consistently formed. In such a hierarchical material, individual organically-modified ceramic nanoparticles (Level 0) self-assemble into supercrystals in face-centered cubic superlattices (Level 1), which in turn form granules of up to hundreds of micrometers (Level 2). These micrometric granules are the constituents of the final mm-sized material. This approach demonstrates that the local concentration of organic phase and nano-building blocks during self-assembly controls the final material's microstructure, and thus enables the fine-tuning of inorganic-organic nanocomposites' mechanical behavior, paving the way towards the design of novel high-performance structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Domènech
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Kampferbeck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emanuel Larsson
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Büsra Bor
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diletta Giuntini
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Blankenburg
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Martin Ritter
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerold A Schneider
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany.
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68
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Greiner JF, Gottschalk M, Fokin N, Büker B, Kaltschmidt BP, Dreyer A, Vordemvenne T, Kaltschmidt C, Hütten A, Kaltschmidt B. Natural and synthetic nanopores directing osteogenic differentiation of human stem cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 17:319-328. [PMID: 30771503 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a highly orchestrated process crucial for endogenous healing procedures after accidents, infections or tumor therapy. Changes in surface nanotopography are known to directly affect the formation of osteogenic cell types, although no direct linkage to the endogenous nanotopography of bone was described so far. Here we show the presence of pores of 31.93 ± 0.97 nm diameter on the surface of collagen type I fibers, the organic component of bone, and demonstrate these pores to be sufficient to induce osteogenic differentiation of adult human stem cells. We further applied SiO2 nanoparticles thermally cross-linked to a nanocomposite to artificially biomimic 31.93 ± 0.97 nm pores, which likewise led to in vitro production of bone mineral by adult human stem cells. Our findings show an endogenous mechanism of directing osteogenic differentiation of adult stem cells by nanotopological cues and provide a direct application using SiO2 nanocomposites with surface nanotopography biomimicking native bone architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Gottschalk
- Thin Films & Physics of Nanostructures, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nadine Fokin
- Thin Films & Physics of Nanostructures, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Björn Büker
- Thin Films & Physics of Nanostructures, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Axel Dreyer
- Thin Films & Physics of Nanostructures, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Vordemvenne
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Evangelical Hospital Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; Bielefeld Institute for Nanoscience (BINAS), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Hütten
- Thin Films & Physics of Nanostructures, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; Bielefeld Institute for Nanoscience (BINAS), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; Bielefeld Institute for Nanoscience (BINAS), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
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69
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Feld A, Weimer A, Kornowski A, Winckelmans N, Merkl JP, Kloust H, Zierold R, Schmidtke C, Schotten T, Riedner M, Bals S, Weller H. Chemistry of Shape-Controlled Iron Oxide Nanocrystal Formation. ACS NANO 2019; 13:152-162. [PMID: 30540436 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate that meticulous and in-depth analysis of the reaction mechanisms of nanoparticle formation is rewarded by full control of the size, shape, and crystal structure of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocrystals during synthesis. Starting from two iron sources, iron(II) and iron(III) carbonate, a strict separation of oleate formation from the generation of reactive pyrolysis products and concomitant nucleation of iron oxide nanoparticles was achieved. This protocol enabled us to analyze each step of nanoparticle formation independently in depth. The progress of the entire reaction was monitored via matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography, thus providing insight into the formation of various iron oleate species prior to nucleation. Interestingly, due to the intrinsic strongly reductive pyrolysis conditions of the oleate intermediates and redox process in early stages of the synthesis, pristine iron oxide nuclei were composed exclusively from wüstite irrespective of the oxidation state of the iron source. Controlling the reaction conditions provided a very broad range of size- and shape-defined monodispersed iron oxide nanoparticles. Curiously, after nucleation, star-shaped nanocrystals were obtained that underwent metamorphism toward cubic-shaped particles. Electron energy loss spectroscopy tomography revealed ex post oxidation of the primary wustite nanocrystal, providing a full 3D image of Fe2+ and Fe3+ distribution within. Overall, we developed a highly flexible synthesis, yielding multi-gram amounts of well-defined iron oxide nanocrystals of different sizes and morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Feld
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Hamburg University , Grindelallee 117 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging , Hamburg University , Luruper Chaussee 149 , D-22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Agnes Weimer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Hamburg University , Grindelallee 117 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Andreas Kornowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Hamburg University , Grindelallee 117 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Naomi Winckelmans
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), Department Physics , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , B-2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Jan-Philip Merkl
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Hamburg University , Grindelallee 117 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging , Hamburg University , Luruper Chaussee 149 , D-22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Hauke Kloust
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Hamburg University , Grindelallee 117 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Robert Zierold
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures , Hamburg University , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Christian Schmidtke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Hamburg University , Grindelallee 117 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Theo Schotten
- Fraunhofer-CAN , Grindelallee 117 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Maria Riedner
- Department of Chemistry , Hamburg University , Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), Department Physics , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , B-2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Hamburg University , Grindelallee 117 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging , Hamburg University , Luruper Chaussee 149 , D-22761 Hamburg , Germany
- Fraunhofer-CAN , Grindelallee 117 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , P.O BOX 80203 Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
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70
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Formation of colloidal crystals of maghemite nanoparticles: Experimental and theoretical investigations. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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71
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Kim YH, Choi GM, Shin D, Kim YH, Jang D, Bae BS. Transparent Urethane-Siloxane Hybrid Materials for Flexible Cover Windows with Ceramic-Like Strength, yet Polymer-Like Modulus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:43122-43130. [PMID: 30444109 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Any transition toward an era of flexible electronics will have to overcome the mechanical limitations of materials. Specifically, the attainment of both strength and flexibility, which are generally mutually exclusive, is required including glass-like wear resistance, plastic-like compliance, and a high level of strain. Here, we fabricate a urethane-methacrylate-siloxane hybrid (UMSH) material. It is found that UMSH, with molecule-level hybridization of urethane linkage and methacrylate-siloxane conetworks, demonstrates ceramic-like high strength (574 MPa), yet polymer-like low modulus (8.42 GPa), and even high strain (6.3%) at fracture with excellent optical transparency. This combination of high strength, flexibility, and optical transparency indicates that this is a suitable material for glass substitution and can be used as a transparent flexible cover window for foldable display.
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72
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Truskewycz A, Shukla R, Ball AS. Phytofabrication of Iron Nanoparticles for Hexavalent Chromium Remediation. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10781-10790. [PMID: 30411070 PMCID: PMC6199743 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium is a genotoxic and carcinogenic byproduct of a number of industrial processes, which is discharged into the environment in excessive and toxic concentrations worldwide. In this paper, the synthesis of green iron oxide nanoparticles using extracts of four novel plant species [Pittosporum undulatum, Melia azedarach, Schinus molle, and Syzygium paniculatum (var. australe)] using a "bottom-up approach" has been implemented for hexavalent chromium remediation. Nanoparticle characterizations show that different plant extracts lead to the formation of nanoparticles with different sizes, agglomeration tendencies, and shapes but similar amorphous nature and elemental makeup. Hexavalent chromium removal is linked with the particle size and monodispersity. Nanoparticles with sizes between 5 and 15 nm from M. azedarach and P. undulatum showed enhanced chromium removal capacities (84.1-96.2%, respectively) when compared to the agglomerated particles of S. molle and S. paniculatum with sizes between 30 and 100 nm (43.7-58.7%, respectively) in over 9 h. This study has shown that the reduction of iron salts with plant extracts is unlikely to generate vast quantities of stable zero valent iron nanoparticles but rather favor the formation of iron oxide nanoparticles. In addition, plant extracts with higher antioxidant concentrations may not produce nanoparticles with morphologies optimal for pollutant remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Truskewycz
- Centre
for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- Nanobiotechnology
Research Laboratory and Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial
Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- E-mail: (A.T.)
| | - Ravi Shukla
- Nanobiotechnology
Research Laboratory and Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial
Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew S. Ball
- Centre
for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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73
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Schroer MA, Lehmkühler F, Möller J, Lange H, Grübel G, Schulz F. Pressure-Stimulated Supercrystal Formation in Nanoparticle Suspensions. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4720-4724. [PMID: 30070842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles can self-organize into "supercrystals" with many potential applications. Different paths can lead to nanoparticle self-organization into such periodic arrangements. An essential step is the transition from an amorphous state to the crystalline one. We investigate how pressure can induce a phase transition of a nanoparticle model system in water from the disordered liquid state to highly ordered supercrystals. We observe reversible pressure-induced supercrystal formation in concentrated solutions of gold nanoparticles by means of small-angle X-ray scattering. The supercrystal formation occurs only at high salt concentrations in the aqueous solution. The pressure dependence of the structural parameters of the resulting crystal lattices is determined. The observed transition can be reasoned with the combined effect of salt and pressure on the solubility of the organic PEG shell that passivates the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) , Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Johannes Möller
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (XFEL) , 22869 Schenefeld , Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Florian Schulz
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI) , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
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74
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Michelakaki I, Boukos N, Dragatogiannis DA, Stathopoulos S, Charitidis CA, Tsoukalas D. Synthesis of hafnium nanoparticles and hafnium nanoparticle films by gas condensation and energetic deposition. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:1868-1880. [PMID: 30013881 PMCID: PMC6036986 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work we study the fabrication and characterization of hafnium nanoparticles and hafnium nanoparticle thin films. Hafnium nanoparticles were grown in vacuum by magnetron-sputtering inert-gas condensation. The as deposited nanoparticles have a hexagonal close-packed crystal structure, they possess truncated hexagonal biprism shape and are prone to surface oxidation when exposed to ambient air forming core-shell Hf/HfO2 structures. Hafnium nanoparticle thin films were formed through energetic nanoparticle deposition. This technique allows for the control of the energy of charged nanoparticles during vacuum deposition. The structural and nanomechanical properties of the nanoparticle thin films were investigated as a function of the kinetic energy of the nanoparticles. The results reveal that by proper adjustment of the nanoparticle energy, hexagonal close-packed porous nanoparticle thin films with good mechanical properties can be formed, without any additional treatment. It is shown that these films can be patterned on the substrate in sub-micrometer dimensions using conventional lithography while their porosity can be well controlled. The fabrication and experimental characterization of hafnium nanoparticles is reported for the first time in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Michelakaki
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Politechniou 9, Zographou - Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Nikos Boukos
- Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Patriarchou Grigoriou E’ & Neapoleos Str., Aghia Paraskevi - Athens, 15310, Greece
| | - Dimitrios A Dragatogiannis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Politechniou 9, Zographou - Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Spyros Stathopoulos
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Politechniou 9, Zographou - Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Costas A Charitidis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Politechniou 9, Zographou - Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsoukalas
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Politechniou 9, Zographou - Athens, 15780, Greece
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75
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Lehmkühler F, Schulz F, Schroer MA, Frenzel L, Lange H, Grübel G. Heterogeneous local order in self-assembled nanoparticle films revealed by X-ray cross-correlations. IUCRJ 2018; 5:354-360. [PMID: 29755751 PMCID: PMC5929381 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252518005407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the self-assembly of gold nanoparticles coated with a soft poly(ethylene glycol) shell studied by X-ray cross-correlation analysis. Depending on the initial concentration of gold nanoparticles used, structurally heterogeneous films were formed. The films feature hot spots of dominating four- and sixfold local order with patch sizes of a few micrometres, containing 104-105 particles. The amplitude of the order parameters suggested that a minimum sample amount was necessary to form well ordered local structures. Furthermore, the increasing variation in order parameters with sample thickness demonstrated a high degree of structural heterogeneity. This wealth of information cannot be obtained by the conventional microscopy techniques that are commonly used to study nanocrystal superstructures, as illustrated by complementary scanning electron microscopy measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schulz
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A. Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lara Frenzel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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76
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Qin X, Wang T, Jiang L. Surface engineering of nanoparticles for triggering collective properties of supercrystals. Natl Sci Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwx128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Tie Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang Univerisity, China
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77
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Feng J, Song Q, Zhang B, Wu Y, Wang T, Jiang L. Large-Scale, Long-Range-Ordered Patterning of Nanocrystals via Capillary-Bridge Manipulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703143. [PMID: 29059508 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic assembly of nanoparticles with programmable patterns is a core opportunity for property-by-design fabrication and large-scale integration of functional materials and devices. The wet-chemical-synthesized colloidal nanocrystals are compatible with solution assembly techniques, thus possessing advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and large scale. However, conventional solution process suffers from tradeoffs between spatial precision and long-range order of nanocrystal assembly arising from the uncontrollable dewetting dynamics and fluid flow. Here, a capillary-bridge manipulation method is demonstrated for directing the dewetting of nanocrystal inks and deterministically patterning long-range-ordered superlattice structures. This is achieved by employing micropillars with programmable size, arrangement, and shape, which permits deterministic manipulation of geometry, position, and dewetting dynamics of capillary bridges. Various superlattice structures, including one-dimensional (1D), circle, square, pentagon, hexagon, pentagram, cross arrays, are fabricated. Compared to the glassy thin films, long-range-ordered superlattice arrays exhibit improved ferroelectric polarization. Coassembly of nanocrystal superlattice and organic functional molecule is further demonstrated. Through introducing azobenzene into superlattice arrays, a switchable ferroelectric polarization is realized, which is triggered by order-disorder transition of nanocrystal stacking in reversible isomerization process of azobenzene. This method offers a platform for patterning nanocrystal superlattices and fabricating microdevices with functionalities for multiferroics, electronics, and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qian Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tie Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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78
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Wang Q, Wang Z, Li Z, Xiao J, Shan H, Fang Z, Qi L. Controlled growth and shape-directed self-assembly of gold nanoarrows. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701183. [PMID: 29098180 PMCID: PMC5659655 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of colloidal nanocrystals into complex superstructures offers notable opportunities to create functional devices and artificial materials with unusual properties. Anisotropic nanoparticles with nonspherical shapes, such as rods, plates, polyhedra, and multipods, enable the formation of a diverse range of ordered superlattices. However, the structural complexity and tunability of nanocrystal superlattices are restricted by the limited geometries of the anisotropic nanoparticles available for supercrystal self-assembly. We show that uniform gold nanoarrows (GNAs) consisting of two pyramidal heads connected by a four-wing shaft are readily synthesized through controlled overgrowth of gold nanorods. The distinct concave geometry endows the GNAs with unique packing and interlocking ability and allows for the shape-directed assembly of sophisticated two-dimensional (2D) and 3D supercrystals with unprecedented architectures. Net-like 2D supercrystals are assembled through the face-to-face contact of the GNAs lying on the pyramidal edges, whereas zipper-like and weave-like 2D supercrystals are constructed by the interlocked GNAs lying on the pyramidal {111} facets. Furthermore, multilayer packing of net-like and weave-like 2D assemblies of GNAs leads to non-close-packed 3D supercrystals with varied packing efficiencies and pore structures. Electromagnetic simulation of the diverse nanoarrow supercrystals exhibits exotic patterns of nanoscale electromagnetic field confinement. This study may open new avenues toward tunable self-assembly of nanoparticle superstructures with increased complexity and unusual functionality and may advance the design of novel plasmonic metamaterials for nanophotonics and reconfigurable architectured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zongpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junyan Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hangyong Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zheyu Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Limin Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Corresponding author.
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79
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Georgopanos P, Schneider GA, Dreyer A, Handge UA, Filiz V, Feld A, Yilmaz ED, Krekeler T, Ritter M, Weller H, Abetz V. Exceptionally strong, stiff and hard hybrid material based on an elastomer and isotropically shaped ceramic nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7314. [PMID: 28779139 PMCID: PMC5544721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work the fabrication of hard, stiff and strong nanocomposites based on polybutadiene and iron oxide nanoparticles is presented. The nanocomposites are fabricated via a general concept for mechanically superior nanocomposites not based on the brick and mortar structure, thus on globular nanoparticles with nanosized organic shells. For the fabrication of the composites oleic acid functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles are decorated via ligand exchange with an α,ω-polybutadiene dicarboxylic acid. The functionalized particles were processed at 145 °C. Since polybutadiene contains double bonds the nanocomposites obtained a crosslinked structure which was enhanced by the presence of oxygen or sulfur. It was found that the crosslinking and filler percolation yields high elastic moduli of approximately 12–20 GPa and hardness of 15–18 GPa, although the polymer volume fraction is up to 40%. We attribute our results to a catalytically enhanced crosslinking reaction of the polymer chains induced by oxygen or sulfur and to the microstructure of the nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prokopios Georgopanos
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Gerold A Schneider
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestrasse 15, D-21073, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Axel Dreyer
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestrasse 15, D-21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich A Handge
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Volkan Filiz
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Artur Feld
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ezgi D Yilmaz
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestrasse 15, D-21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorferstraße 42, D-21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Ritter
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorferstraße 42, D-21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany. .,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany.
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80
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Lavorato GC, Lima E, Troiani HE, Zysler RD, Winkler EL. Tuning the coercivity and exchange bias by controlling the interface coupling in bimagnetic core/shell nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:10240-10247. [PMID: 28696450 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03740f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore an alternative strategy to design exchange-biased magnetic nanostructures, bimagnetic core/shell nanoparticles have been fabricated by a thermal decomposition method and systematically studied as a function of the interface exchange coupling. The nanoparticles are constituted by a ∼3 nm antiferromagnetic (AFM) CoO core encapsulated in a ∼4 nm-thick Co1-xZnxFe2O4 (x = 0-1) ferrimagnetic (FiM) shell. The system presents an enhancement of the coercivity (HC) as compared to its FiM single-phase counterpart and exchange bias fields (HEB). While HC decreases monotonically with the Zn concentration from ∼21.5 kOe for x = 0, to ∼7.1 kOe for x = 1, HEB exhibits a non-monotonous behavior being maximum, HEB ∼ 1.4 kOe, for intermediate concentrations. We found that the relationship between the AFM anisotropy energy and the exchange coupling energy can be tuned by replacing Co2+ with Zn2+ ions in the shell. As a consequence, the magnetization reversal mechanism of the system is changed from an AFM/FiM rigid-coupling regime to an exchange-biased regime, providing a new approach to tune the magnetic properties and to design novel hybrid nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel C Lavorato
- Centro Atómico Bariloche, CNEA-CONICET, Av. Bustillo 9500, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Enio Lima
- Centro Atómico Bariloche, CNEA-CONICET, Av. Bustillo 9500, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Horacio E Troiani
- Centro Atómico Bariloche, CNEA-CONICET, Av. Bustillo 9500, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Roberto D Zysler
- Centro Atómico Bariloche, CNEA-CONICET, Av. Bustillo 9500, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Elin L Winkler
- Centro Atómico Bariloche, CNEA-CONICET, Av. Bustillo 9500, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
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81
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Superlattice growth and rearrangement during evaporation-induced nanoparticle self-assembly. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2802. [PMID: 28584236 PMCID: PMC5459806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the assembly of nanoparticles into superlattices with well-defined morphology and structure is technologically important but challenging as it requires novel combinations of in-situ methods with suitable spatial and temporal resolution. In this study, we have followed evaporation-induced assembly during drop casting of superparamagnetic, oleate-capped γ-Fe2O3 nanospheres dispersed in toluene in real time with Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering (GISAXS) in combination with droplet height measurements and direct observation of the dispersion. The scattering data was evaluated with a novel method that yielded time-dependent information of the relative ratio of ordered (coherent) and disordered particles (incoherent scattering intensities), superlattice tilt angles, lattice constants, and lattice constant distributions. We find that the onset of superlattice growth in the drying drop is associated with the movement of a drying front across the surface of the droplet. We couple the rapid formation of large, highly ordered superlattices to the capillary-induced fluid flow. Further evaporation of interstitital solvent results in a slow contraction of the superlattice. The distribution of lattice parameters and tilt angles was significantly larger for superlattices prepared by fast evaporation compared to slow evaporation of the solvent.
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82
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Choi GM, Jin J, Shin D, Kim YH, Ko JH, Im HG, Jang J, Jang D, Bae BS. Flexible Hard Coating: Glass-Like Wear Resistant, Yet Plastic-Like Compliant, Transparent Protective Coating for Foldable Displays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1700205. [PMID: 28295731 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A flexible hard coating for foldable displays is realized by the highly cross-linked siloxane hybrid using structure-property relationships in organic-inorganic hybridization. Glass-like wear resistance, plastic-like flexibility, and highly elastic resilience are demonstrated together with outstanding optical transparency. It provides a framework for the application of siloxane hybrids in protective hard coatings with high scratch resistance and flexibility for foldable displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Mun Choi
- Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Solip Tech Co., Ltd., 193 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Shin
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hyeok Kim
- Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Ko
- Solip Tech Co., Ltd., 193 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gyun Im
- Creative and Fundamental Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, 12 Bulmosan-ro 10beon-gil, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Jang
- Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchan Jang
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Soo Bae
- Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Solip Tech Co., Ltd., 193 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
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83
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Gu XW, Ye X, Koshy DM, Vachhani S, Hosemann P, Alivisatos AP. Tolerance to structural disorder and tunable mechanical behavior in self-assembled superlattices of polymer-grafted nanocrystals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:2836-2841. [PMID: 28242704 PMCID: PMC5358368 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618508114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Large, freestanding membranes with remarkably high elastic modulus (>10 GPa) have been fabricated through the self-assembly of ligand-stabilized inorganic nanocrystals, even though these nanocrystals are connected only by soft organic ligands (e.g., dodecanethiol or DNA) that are not cross-linked or entangled. Recent developments in the synthesis of polymer-grafted nanocrystals have greatly expanded the library of accessible superlattice architectures, which allows superlattice mechanical behavior to be linked to specific structural features. Here, colloidal self-assembly is used to organize polystyrene-grafted Au nanocrystals at a fluid interface to form ordered solids with sub-10-nm periodic features. Thin-film buckling and nanoindentation are used to evaluate the mechanical behavior of polymer-grafted nanocrystal superlattices while exploring the role of polymer structural conformation, nanocrystal packing, and superlattice dimensions. Superlattices containing 3-20 vol % Au are found to have an elastic modulus of ∼6-19 GPa, and hardness of ∼120-170 MPa. We find that rapidly self-assembled superlattices have the highest elastic modulus, despite containing significant structural defects. Polymer extension, interdigitation, and grafting density are determined to be critical parameters that govern superlattice elastic and plastic deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wendy Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Xingchen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - David M Koshy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | | | - Peter Hosemann
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
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84
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Askar S, Li L, Torkelson JM. Polystyrene-Grafted Silica Nanoparticles: Investigating the Molecular Weight Dependence of Glass Transition and Fragility Behavior. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shadid Askar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Department of
Materials Science
and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lingqiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Department of
Materials Science
and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Department of
Materials Science
and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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85
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Novoselova LY. Hematite nanoparticle clusters with remarkably high magnetization synthesized from water-treatment waste by one-step “sharp high-temperature dehydration”. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09062e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticle clusters with an exceptionally high magnetization of 51 emu g−1 were synthesized for the first time. This material was prepared from water-treatment waste by a new “sharp high-temperature dehydration” process.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Yu. Novoselova
- Institute of Petroleum Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 634055 Tomsk
- Russia
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86
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Wolf S, Feldmann C. Mikroemulsionen: neue Möglichkeiten zur Erweiterung der Synthese anorganischer Nanopartikel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Wolf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
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87
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Wolf S, Feldmann C. Microemulsions: Options To Expand the Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15728-15752. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Wolf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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88
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Agthe M, Plivelic TS, Labrador A, Bergström L, Salazar-Alvarez G. Following in Real Time the Two-Step Assembly of Nanoparticles into Mesocrystals in Levitating Drops. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6838-6843. [PMID: 27779885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mesocrystals composed of crystallographically aligned nanocrystals are present in biominerals and assembled materials which show strongly directional properties of importance for mechanical protection and functional devices. Mesocrystals are commonly formed by complex biomineralization processes and can also be generated by assembly of anisotropic nanocrystals. Here, we follow the evaporation-induced assembly of maghemite nanocubes into mesocrystals in real time in levitating drops. Analysis of time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering data and ex situ scanning electron microscopy together with interparticle potential calculations show that the substrate-free, particle-mediated crystallization process proceeds in two stages involving the formation and rapid transformation of a dense, structurally disordered phase into ordered mesocrystals. Controlling and tailoring the particle-mediated formation of mesocrystals could be utilized to assemble designed nanoparticles into new materials with unique functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Agthe
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomás S Plivelic
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University , P.O. Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana Labrador
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University , P.O. Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lennart Bergström
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - German Salazar-Alvarez
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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89
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Yilmaz ED, Schneider GA. Mechanical behavior of enamel rods under micro-compression. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 63:183-194. [PMID: 27415405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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90
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Boles MA, Engel M, Talapin DV. Self-Assembly of Colloidal Nanocrystals: From Intricate Structures to Functional Materials. Chem Rev 2016; 116:11220-89. [PMID: 27552640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1067] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical methods developed over the past two decades enable preparation of colloidal nanocrystals with uniform size and shape. These Brownian objects readily order into superlattices. Recently, the range of accessible inorganic cores and tunable surface chemistries dramatically increased, expanding the set of nanocrystal arrangements experimentally attainable. In this review, we discuss efforts to create next-generation materials via bottom-up organization of nanocrystals with preprogrammed functionality and self-assembly instructions. This process is often driven by both interparticle interactions and the influence of the assembly environment. The introduction provides the reader with a practical overview of nanocrystal synthesis, self-assembly, and superlattice characterization. We then summarize the theory of nanocrystal interactions and examine fundamental principles governing nanocrystal self-assembly from hard and soft particle perspectives borrowed from the comparatively established fields of micrometer colloids and block copolymer assembly. We outline the extensive catalog of superlattices prepared to date using hydrocarbon-capped nanocrystals with spherical, polyhedral, rod, plate, and branched inorganic core shapes, as well as those obtained by mixing combinations thereof. We also provide an overview of structural defects in nanocrystal superlattices. We then explore the unique possibilities offered by leveraging nontraditional surface chemistries and assembly environments to control superlattice structure and produce nonbulk assemblies. We end with a discussion of the unique optical, magnetic, electronic, and catalytic properties of ordered nanocrystal superlattices, and the coming advances required to make use of this new class of solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Boles
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael Engel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91052 Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Lab , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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91
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Scheck J, Wu B, Drechsler M, Rosenberg R, Van Driessche AES, Stawski TM, Gebauer D. The Molecular Mechanism of Iron(III) Oxide Nucleation. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3123-3130. [PMID: 27466739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A molecular understanding of the formation of solid phases from solution would be beneficial for various scientific fields. However, nucleation pathways are still not fully understood, whereby the case of iron (oxyhydr)oxides poses a prime example. We show that in the prenucleation regime, thermodynamically stable solute species up to a few nanometers in size are observed, which meet the definition of prenucleation clusters. Nucleation then is not governed by a critical size, but rather by the dynamics of the clusters that are forming at the distinct nucleation stages, based on the chemistry of the linkages within the clusters. This resolves a longstanding debate in the field of iron oxide nucleation, and the results may generally apply to oxides forming via hydrolysis and condensation. The (molecular) understanding of the chemical basis of phase separation is paramount for, e.g., tailoring size, shape and structure of novel nanocrystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Scheck
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz , Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Baohu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz , Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Outstation at the MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Lichtenbergstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Drechsler
- Laboratory for Soft Matter Electron Microscopy, BIMF; University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstraße 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rose Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz , Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Tomasz M Stawski
- Cohen Geochemistry, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds , LS2 9JT, Leeds, U.K
- German Research Centre for Geosciences, GFZ, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Denis Gebauer
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz , Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Zhu B, Noack M, Merindol R, Barner-Kowollik C, Walther A. Light-Adaptive Supramolecular Nacre-Mimetic Nanocomposites. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:5176-5182. [PMID: 27455047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nature provides design paradigms for adaptive, self-healing, and synergistic high-performance structural materials. Nacre's brick-and-mortar architecture is renowned for combining stiffness, toughness, strength, and lightweightness. Although elaborate approaches exist to mimic its static structure and performance, and to incorporate functionalities for the engineering world, there is a profound gap in addressing adaptable mechanical properties, particularly using remote, quick, and spatiotemporal triggers. Here, we demonstrate a generic approach to control the mechanical properties of nacre-inspired nanocomposites by designing a photothermal energy cascade using colloidal graphene as light-harvesting unit and coupling it to molecularly designed, thermoreversible, supramolecular bonds in the nanoconfined soft phase of polymer/nanoclay nacre-mimetics. The light intensity leads to adaptive steady-states balancing energy uptake and dissipation. It programs the mechanical properties and switches the materials from high stiffness/strength to higher toughness within seconds under spatiotemporal control. We envisage possibilities beyond mechanical materials, for example, light-controlled (re)shaping or actuation in highly reinforced nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolei Zhu
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Manuel Noack
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Remi Merindol
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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