51
|
Nanoparticles as Vaccines to Prevent Arbovirus Infection: A Long Road Ahead. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10010036. [PMID: 33466440 PMCID: PMC7824877 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are a significant public health problem worldwide. Vaccination is considered one of the most effective ways to control arbovirus diseases in the human population. Nanoparticles have been widely explored as new vaccine platforms. Although nanoparticles' potential to act as new vaccines against infectious diseases has been identified, nanotechnology's impact on developing new vaccines to prevent arboviruses is unclear. Thus, we used a comprehensive bibliographic survey to integrate data concerning the use of diverse nanoparticles as vaccines against medically important arboviruses. Our analysis showed that considerable research had been conducted to develop and evaluate nanovaccines against Chikungunya virus, Dengue virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and West Nile virus. The main findings indicate that nanoparticles have great potential for use as a new vaccine system against arboviruses. Most of the studies showed an increase in neutralizing antibody production after mouse immunization. Nevertheless, even with significant advances in this field, further efforts are necessary to address the nanoparticles' potential to act as a vaccine against these arboviruses. To promote advances in the field, we proposed a roadmap to help researchers better characterize and evaluate nanovaccines against medically important arboviruses.
Collapse
|
52
|
Wessel AW, Kose N, Bombardi RG, Roy V, Chantima W, Mongkolsapaya J, Edeling MA, Nelson CA, Bosch I, Alter G, Screaton GR, Fremont DH, Crowe JE, Diamond MS. Antibodies targeting epitopes on the cell-surface form of NS1 protect against Zika virus infection during pregnancy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5278. [PMID: 33077712 PMCID: PMC7572419 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no licensed therapeutics or vaccines available against Zika virus (ZIKV) to counteract its potential for congenital disease. Antibody-based countermeasures targeting the ZIKV envelope protein have been hampered by concerns for cross-reactive responses that induce antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of heterologous flavivirus infection. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a membrane-associated and secreted glycoprotein that functions in flavivirus replication and immune evasion but is absent from the virion. Although some studies suggest that antibodies against ZIKV NS1 are protective, their activity during congenital infection is unknown. Here we develop mouse and human anti-NS1 monoclonal antibodies that protect against ZIKV in both non-pregnant and pregnant mice. Avidity of antibody binding to cell-surface NS1 along with Fc effector functions engagement correlate with protection in vivo. Protective mAbs map to exposed epitopes in the wing domain and loop face of the β-platform. Anti-NS1 antibodies provide an alternative strategy for protection against congenital ZIKV infection without causing ADE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex W Wessel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Robin G Bombardi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Vicky Roy
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Warangkana Chantima
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Office for Research and Development, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Melissa A Edeling
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Christopher A Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Irene Bosch
- E25Bio, Inc., The Engine of MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - David H Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Guo M, Hui L, Nie Y, Tefsen B, Wu Y. ZIKV viral proteins and their roles in virus-host interactions. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:709-719. [PMID: 33068285 PMCID: PMC7568452 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The re-emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) and its associated neonatal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome have led the World Health Organization to declare a global health emergency. Until today, many related studies have successively reported the role of various viral proteins of ZIKV in the process of ZIKV infection and pathogenicity. These studies have provided significant insights for the treatment and prevention of ZIKV infection. Here we review the current research advances in the functional characterization of the interactions between each ZIKV viral protein and its host factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moujian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lixia Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yiwen Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Boris Tefsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Kuo L, Jaeger AS, Banker EM, Bialosuknia SM, Mathias N, Payne AF, Kramer LD, Aliota MT, Ciota AT. Reversion to ancestral Zika virus NS1 residues increases competence of Aedes albopictus. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008951. [PMID: 33052957 PMCID: PMC7588074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both mosquito species-specific differences and virus strain -specific differences impact vector competence. Previous results in our laboratory with individual populations of N. American mosquitoes support studies suggesting Aedes aegypti are more competent than Ae. albopictus for American Zika virus (ZIKV) strains and demonstrate that U.S. Ae. albopictus have higher competence for an ancestral Asian ZIKV strain. A982V, an amino acid substitution in the NS1 gene acquired prior to the American outbreak, has been shown to increase competence in Ae. aegypti. We hypothesized that variability in the NS1 could therefore contribute to species-specific differences and developed a reverse genetics system based on a 2016 ZIKV isolate from Honduras (ZIKV-WTic) to evaluate the phenotypic correlates of individual amino acid substitutions. In addition to A982V, we evaluated G894A, which was acquired during circulation in the Americas. Reversion of 982 and 894 to ancestral residues increased infectivity, transmissibility and viral loads in Ae. albopictus but had no effect on competence or replication in Ae. aegypti. In addition, while host cell-specific differences in NS1 secretion were measured, with significantly higher secretion in mammalian cells relative to mosquito cells, strain-specific differences in secretion were not detected, despite previous reports. These results demonstrate that individual mutations in NS1 can influence competence in a species-specific manner independent of differences in NS1 secretion and further indicate that ancestral NS1 residues confer increased competence in Ae. albopictus. Lastly, experimental infections of Ifnar1-/- mice demonstrated that these NS1 substitutions can influence viral replication in the host and, specifically, that G894A could represent a compensatory change following a fitness loss from A982V with some viral genetic backgrounds. Together these data suggest a possible role for epistatic interactions in ZIKV fitness in invertebrate and vertebrate hosts and demonstrate that strains with increased transmission potential in U.S. Ae. albopictus could emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Kuo
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
| | - Anna S. Jaeger
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Elyse M. Banker
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
| | - Sean M. Bialosuknia
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Mathias
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
| | - Anne F. Payne
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Kramer
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, United States of America
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Alexander T. Ciota
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Ong NH, Chua CL, Liew JWK, Wan Sulaiman WY, Chan YF, Sam IC, Vythilingam I. Vector competence of Malaysian Aedes aegypti to Zika virus and impact of sequential arbovirus infections. Acta Trop 2020; 208:105472. [PMID: 32389451 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus with global impact since 2015. Although ZIKV was first isolated from Aedes aegypti in Malaysia in 1965, not much is known about the competency of Malaysian Ae. aegypti to ZIKV. To date only 9 cases of ZIKV have been reported in Malaysia despite the abundance of mosquito vectors. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to ZIKV, and the impact of sequential infections in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes with DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2) followed by ZIKV. Field-caught urban Ae. aegypti were orally challenged with a Martinique strain of ZIKV, and midgut, head/thorax and saliva were collected at 3, 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi). At 14 dpi, ZIKV-exposed mosquitoes had infection and dissemination rates of 59% (n=10/17) and 90% (n=9/10), respectively. Average titres of 3.9 and 4.4 log pfu infectious ZIKV were recovered in midgut and head/thorax, respectively. In sequential infection, prior exposure of Ae. aegypti to DENV did not affect the subsequent ZIKV infection in head/thorax albeit with a low sample size. In conclusion, Malaysian urban Ae. aegypti is susceptible to the contemporary Asian lineage of ZIKV. The established and continuous DENV circulation in Ae. aegypti did not suppress ZIKV emergence in Malaysia. Other factors contributing to low level of ZIKV circulation in Malaysia remain to be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nyee Huey Ong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Long Chua
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan Wee Kent Liew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yusoff Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Fun Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I-Ching Sam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Indra Vythilingam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Chan KWK, Watanabe S, Jin JY, Pompon J, Teng D, Alonso S, Vijaykrishna D, Halstead SB, Marzinek JK, Bond PJ, Burla B, Torta F, Wenk MR, Ooi EE, Vasudevan SG. A T164S mutation in the dengue virus NS1 protein is associated with greater disease severity in mice. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/498/eaat7726. [PMID: 31243154 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat7726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dengue viruses cause severe and sudden human epidemics worldwide. The secreted form of the nonstructural protein 1 (sNS1) of dengue virus causes vascular leakage, a hallmark of severe dengue disease. Here, we reverse engineered the T164S mutation of NS1, associated with the severity of dengue epidemics in the Americas, into a dengue virus serotype 2 mildly infectious strain. The T164S mutant virus decreased infectious virus production and increased sNS1 production in mammalian cell lines and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) without affecting viral RNA replication. Gene expression profiling of 268 inflammation-associated human genes revealed up-regulation of genes induced in response to vascular leakage. Infection of the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti with the T164S mutant virus resulted in increased viral load in the mosquito midgut and higher sNS1 production compared to wild-type virus infection. Infection of type 1 and 2 interferon receptor-deficient AG129 mice with the T164S mutant virus resulted in severe disease coupled with increased complement activation, tissue inflammation, and more rapid mortality compared to AG129 mice infected with wild-type virus. Molecular dynamics simulations predicted that mutant sNS1 formed stable dimers similar to the wild-type protein, whereas the hexameric mutant sNS1 was predicted to be unstable. Immunoaffinity-purified sNS1 from T164S mutant virus-infected mammalian cells was associated with different lipid classes compared to wild-type sNS1. Treatment of human PBMCs with sNS1 purified from T164S mutant virus resulted in a twofold higher production of proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting a mechanism for how mutant sNS1 may cause more severe dengue disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Wing Ki Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jocelyn Y Jin
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Julien Pompon
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS5290 Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Don Teng
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Scott B Halstead
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Jan K Marzinek
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis St., Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Peter J Bond
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis St., Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Bo Burla
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Zhang M, Sun J, Li M, Jin X. Modified mRNA-LNP Vaccines Confer Protection against Experimental DENV-2 Infection in Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:702-712. [PMID: 32913878 PMCID: PMC7452130 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a major global public health concern, and there is no effective vaccine for it. In this study, we describe the design and characterization of three nucleotide-modified mRNA vaccines (prME-mRNA, E80-mRNA, and NS1-mRNA) for DENV-2. Our results showed that vaccination with E80-mRNA alone or a combination of E80-mRNA and NS1-mRNA can induce high levels of neutralizing antibodies and antigen-specific T cell responses; furthermore, these vaccines confer complete protection against DENV-2 challenge in immunocompetent mice. These data provide foundations for further development of a tetravalent DENV vaccine based on nucleotide-modified mRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Zhang
- Viral Disease and Vaccine Translational Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Viral Disease and Vaccine Translational Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Viral Disease and Vaccine Translational Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Wilken L, Rimmelzwaan GF. Adaptive Immunity to Dengue Virus: Slippery Slope or Solid Ground for Rational Vaccine Design? Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060470. [PMID: 32549226 PMCID: PMC7350362 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The four serotypes of dengue virus are the most widespread causes of arboviral disease, currently placing half of the human population at risk of infection. Pre-existing immunity to one dengue virus serotype can predispose to severe disease following secondary infection with a different serotype. The phenomenon of immune enhancement has complicated vaccine development and likely explains the poor long-term safety profile of a recently licenced dengue vaccine. Therefore, alternative vaccine strategies should be considered. This review summarises studies dissecting the adaptive immune responses to dengue virus infection and (experimental) vaccination. In particular, we discuss the roles of (i) neutralising antibodies, (ii) antibodies to non-structural protein 1, and (iii) T cells in protection and pathogenesis. We also address how these findings could translate into next-generation vaccine approaches that mitigate the risk of enhanced dengue disease. Finally, we argue that the development of a safe and efficacious dengue vaccine is an attainable goal.
Collapse
|
59
|
Yin C, Sun P, Yu X, Wang P, Cheng G. Roles of Symbiotic Microorganisms in Arboviral Infection of Arthropod Vectors. Trends Parasitol 2020; 36:607-615. [PMID: 32386795 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Arthropod vectors serve as native reservoirs and transmitters of hundreds of arboviruses. In arthropod vectors, symbiotic microorganisms residing in the gut lumen and/or hemocoelic tissues maintain complicated relationships with their host and influence multiple aspects of vector physiology. Recently, accumulating evidence has established an important role for symbiotic microorganisms in vector-virus interactions which could potentially be used to control viral transmission. Herein, we review recent progress on symbiotic microbe-arbovirus interactions and summarize the molecular mechanisms by which commensal microbes act on hosts and arboviruses. Understanding the sophisticated interactions among arthropod vectors, microbiota, and arboviruses may offer new strategies for the prevention of arboviral diseases in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Yin
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 100084; Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, 518055
| | - Peng Sun
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 100084; Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, 518055
| | - Xi Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 100084
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA, 06030
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 100084; Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, 518055.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Choi JW, Eom HJ, Kim HY. Non-structural protein 1 from Japanese encephalitis virus expressed in E. coli retains its molecular weight and immunogenicity. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 169:105548. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
61
|
Puerta-Guardo H, Glasner DR, Espinosa DA, Biering SB, Patana M, Ratnasiri K, Wang C, Beatty PR, Harris E. Flavivirus NS1 Triggers Tissue-Specific Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction Reflecting Disease Tropism. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1598-1613.e8. [PMID: 30726741 PMCID: PMC6934102 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses cause systemic or neurotropic-encephalitic pathology in humans. The flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a secreted glycoprotein involved in viral replication, immune evasion, and vascular leakage during dengue virus infection. However, the contribution of secreted NS1 from related flaviviruses to viral pathogenesis remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that NS1 from dengue, Zika, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever viruses selectively binds to and alters permeability of human endothelial cells from lung, dermis, umbilical vein, brain, and liver in vitro and causes tissue-specific vascular leakage in mice, reflecting the pathophysiology of each flavivirus. Mechanistically, each flavivirus NS1 leads to differential disruption of endothelial glycocalyx components, resulting in endothelial hyperpermeability. Our findings reveal the capacity of a secreted viral protein to modulate endothelial barrier function in a tissue-specific manner both in vitro and in vivo, potentially influencing virus dissemination and pathogenesis and providing targets for antiviral therapies and vaccine development. Puerta-Guardo et al. discover that five flavivirus NS1 proteins trigger hyperpermeability and vascular dysfunction in human endothelial cells and mice in a manner reflecting disease tropism. This tissue-specific tropism is partially determined by the capacity of NS1 to bind endothelial cells and is characterized by disruption of endothelial glycocalyx components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Puerta-Guardo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dustin R Glasner
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Diego A Espinosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Scott B Biering
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mark Patana
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kalani Ratnasiri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chunling Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - P Robert Beatty
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Sun J, Du S, Zheng Z, Cheng G, Jin X. Defeat Dengue and Zika Viruses With a One-Two Punch of Vaccine and Vector Blockade. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:362. [PMID: 32265852 PMCID: PMC7100368 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are two mosquito-borne flaviviruses afflicting nearly half of the world population. Human infection by these viruses can either be asymptomatic or manifest as clinical diseases from mild to severe. Despite more cases are presented as self-limiting febrile illness, severe dengue disease can be manifested as hemorrhagic fever and hemorrhagic shock syndrome, and ZIKV infection has been linked to increased incidence of peripheral neuropathy Guillain-Barre syndrome and central neural disease such as microcephaly. The current prevention and treatment of these infectious diseases are either non-satisfactory or entirely lacking. Because DENV and ZIKV have much similarities in genomic and structural features, almost identical mode of mosquito-mediated transmission, and probably the same pattern of host innate and adaptive immunity toward them, it is reasonable and often desirable to investigate these two viruses side-by-side, and thereby devise common countermeasures against both. Here, we review the existing knowledge on DENV and ZIKV regarding epidemiology, molecular virology, protective immunity and vaccine development, discuss recent new discoveries on the functions of flavivirus NS1 protein in viral pathogenesis and transmission, and propose a one-two punch strategy using vaccine and vector blockade to overcome antibody-dependent enhancement and defeat Dengue and Zika viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun
- Viral Disease and Vaccine Translational Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihang Zheng
- Viral Disease and Vaccine Translational Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Jin
- Viral Disease and Vaccine Translational Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xia Jin, ;
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Freitas MN, Marten AD, Moore GA, Tree MO, McBrayer SP, Conway MJ. Extracellular vesicles restrict dengue virus fusion in Aedes aegypti cells. Virology 2020; 541:141-149. [PMID: 32056712 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue virus (DENV), and acquires this virus from a vertebrate host during blood feeding. Previous literature has shown that vertebrate blood factors such as complement protein C5a and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) influence DENV acquisition in the mosquito. Here, we show that extracellular vesicles in cell culture medium inhibit DENV infection in mosquito cells. Specifically, extracellular vesicles enter into mosquito cells and inhibit an early stage of infection. Extracellular vesicles had no effect on virus cell attachment or entry. Instead, extracellular vesicles restricted virus membrane fusion. Extracellular vesicles only inhibited DENV infection in mosquito cells and not vertebrate cells. These data highlight a novel virus-vector-host interaction that limits virus infection in mosquito cells by restricting virus membrane fusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Freitas
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Foundational Sciences, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Andrew D Marten
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Foundational Sciences, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Gavin A Moore
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Foundational Sciences, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Maya O Tree
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Foundational Sciences, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Sean P McBrayer
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Foundational Sciences, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Michael J Conway
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Foundational Sciences, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Niu C, Huang Y, Wang M, Huang D, Li J, Huang S, Yang F, Wan C, Zhang R. Differences in the Transmission of Dengue Fever by Different Serotypes of Dengue Virus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:143-150. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Niu
- Department of Microorganism Examination, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yalan Huang
- Department of Microorganism Examination, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Microorganism Examination, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Dana Huang
- Department of Microorganism Examination, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Suibin Huang
- Department of Microorganism Examination, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Microorganism Examination, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Chengsong Wan
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Renli Zhang
- Department of Microorganism Examination, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Sun P, Nie K, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Wu P, Liu Z, Du S, Fan H, Chen CH, Zhang R, Wang P, Cheng G. A mosquito salivary protein promotes flavivirus transmission by activation of autophagy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:260. [PMID: 31937766 PMCID: PMC6959235 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmission from an infected mosquito to a host is an essential process in the life cycle of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Numerous studies have demonstrated that mosquito saliva facilitates viral transmission. Here we find that a saliva-specific protein, named Aedes aegypti venom allergen-1 (AaVA-1), promotes dengue and Zika virus transmission by activating autophagy in host immune cells of the monocyte lineage. The AG6 mice (ifnar1–/–ifngr1–/–) bitten by the virus-infected AaVA-1-deficient mosquitoes present a lower viremia and prolonged survival. AaVA-1 intracellularly interacts with a dominant negative binder of Beclin-1, known as leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein (LRPPRC), and releases Beclin-1 from LRPPRC-mediated sequestration, thereby enabling the initialization of downstream autophagic signaling. A deficiency in Beclin-1 reduces viral infection in mice and abolishes AaVA-1-mediated enhancement of ZIKV transmission by mosquitoes. Our study provides a mechanistic insight into saliva-aided viral transmission and could offer a potential prophylactic target for reducing flavivirus transmission. Mosquito saliva affects transmission of flaviviruses, but underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, the authors show that Aedes aegypti venom allergen-1 (AaVA-1) promotes dengue and Zika virus transmission by activating autophagy in host immune cells of the monocyte lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Kaixiao Nie
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yibin Zhu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Pa Wu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ziwen Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huahao Fan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, 35053, China
| | - Renli Zhang
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, 06030, USA
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) was once considered an obscure member of the large and diverse family of mosquito-borne flaviviruses, and human infections with ZIKV were thought to be sporadic, with mild and self-limiting symptoms. The large-scale ZIKV epidemics in the Americas and the unexpected uncovering of a link to congenital birth defects escalated ZIKV infections to the status of a global public health emergency. Recent studies that combined reverse genetics with modelling in multiple systems have provided evidence that ZIKV has acquired additional amino acid substitutions at the same time as congenital Zika syndrome and other birth defects were detected. In this Progress article, we summarize the evolution of ZIKV during its spread from Asia to the Americas and discuss potential links to pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
67
|
Grubor-Bauk B, Wijesundara DK, Masavuli M, Abbink P, Peterson RL, Prow NA, Larocca RA, Mekonnen ZA, Shrestha A, Eyre NS, Beard MR, Gummow J, Carr J, Robertson SA, Hayball JD, Barouch DH, Gowans EJ. NS1 DNA vaccination protects against Zika infection through T cell-mediated immunity in immunocompetent mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax2388. [PMID: 31844662 PMCID: PMC6905874 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The causal association of Zika virus (ZIKV) with microcephaly, congenital malformations in infants, and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults highlights the need for effective vaccines. Thus far, efforts to develop ZIKV vaccines have focused on the viral envelope. ZIKV NS1 as a vaccine immunogen has not been fully explored, although it can circumvent the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement of ZIKV infection, associated with envelope antibodies. Here, we describe a novel DNA vaccine encoding a secreted ZIKV NS1, that confers rapid protection from systemic ZIKV infection in immunocompetent mice. We identify novel NS1 T cell epitopes in vivo and show that functional NS1-specific T cell responses are critical for protection against ZIKV infection. We demonstrate that vaccine-induced anti-NS1 antibodies fail to confer protection in the absence of a functional T cell response. This highlights the importance of using NS1 as a target for T cell-based ZIKV vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Grubor-Bauk
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - D. K. Wijesundara
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - M. Masavuli
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - P. Abbink
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - R. L. Peterson
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - N. A. Prow
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - R. A. Larocca
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Z. A. Mekonnen
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - A. Shrestha
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - N. S. Eyre
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - M. R. Beard
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - J. Gummow
- Gene Silencing and Expression Core Facility, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - J. Carr
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - S. A. Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - J. D. Hayball
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - D. H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - E. J. Gowans
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Yu X, Zhu Y, Xiao X, Wang P, Cheng G. Progress towards Understanding the Mosquito-Borne Virus Life Cycle. Trends Parasitol 2019; 35:1009-1017. [PMID: 31669148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne arboviruses are a group of heterogeneous viruses that are mainly transmitted to vertebrate hosts and are the aetiological agents of many human diseases. These viruses naturally maintain a life cycle between distinct hosts by transmission from an infected mosquito to a naive host, and acquisition from a viraemic host back to a fed mosquito. To survive in and maintain a cycle between different host environments, mosquito-borne arboviruses exploit sophisticated approaches, including subverting the immune system, hijacking host factors, and taking advantage of gut microbes. We summarize the recent progress towards understanding the mechanisms of arboviral transmission and acquisition by mosquitoes. This knowledge offers an insight into the emergence and re-emergence of arboviruses in nature and an avenue for disease prevention in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yibin Zhu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaoping Xiao
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Gao F, Lin X, He L, Wang R, Wang H, Shi X, Zhang F, Yin C, Zhang L, Zhu J, Yu L. Development of a Potent and Protective Germline-Like Antibody Lineage Against Zika Virus in a Convalescent Human. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2424. [PMID: 31708914 PMCID: PMC6821881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) specific neutralizing antibodies hold great promise for antibody-based interventions and vaccine design against ZIKV infection. However, their development in infected patients remains unclear. Here, we applied next-generation sequencing (NGS) to probe the dynamic development of a potent and protective ZIKV E DIII-specific antibody ZK2B10 isolated from a ZIKV convalescent individual. The unbiased repertoire analysis showed dramatic changes in the usage of antibody variable region germline genes. However, lineage tracing of ZK2B10 revealed limited somatic hypermutation and transient expansion during the 12 months following the onset of symptoms. The NGS-derived, germline-like ZK2B10 somatic variants neutralized ZIKV potently and protected mice from lethal challenge of ZIKV without detectable cross-reactivity with Dengue virus (DENV). Site-directed mutagenesis identified two residues within the λ chain, N31 and S91, that are essential to the functional maturation of ZK2B10. The repertoire and lineage features unveiled here will help elucidate the developmental process and protective potential of E DIII-directed antibodies against ZIKV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohe Lin
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Linling He
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ruoke Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanling Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chibiao Yin
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linqi Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lei Yu
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Zhu Y, Tong L, Nie K, Wiwatanaratanabutr I, Sun P, Li Q, Yu X, Wu P, Wu T, Yu C, Liu Q, Bian Z, Wang P, Cheng G. Host serum iron modulates dengue virus acquisition by mosquitoes. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:2405-2415. [DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
71
|
Danet L, Beauclair G, Berthet M, Moratorio G, Gracias S, Tangy F, Choumet V, Jouvenet N. Midgut barriers prevent the replication and dissemination of the yellow fever vaccine in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007299. [PMID: 31412040 PMCID: PMC6709925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To be transmitted to vertebrate hosts via the saliva of their vectors, arthropod-borne viruses have to cross several barriers in the mosquito body, including the midgut infection and escape barriers. Yellow fever virus (YFV) belongs to the genus Flavivirus, which includes human viruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, such as dengue and Zika viruses. The live-attenuated YFV-17D vaccine has been used safely and efficiently on a large scale since the end of World War II. Early studies have shown, using viral titration from salivary glands of infected mosquitoes, that YFV-17D can infect Aedes aegypti midgut, but does not disseminate to other tissues. Methodology/Principal findings Here, we re-visited this issue using a panel of techniques, such as RT-qPCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence and titration assays. We showed that YFV-17D replication was not efficient in Aedes aegypti midgut, as compared to the clinical isolate YFV-Dakar. Viruses that replicated in the midgut failed to disseminate to secondary organs. When injected into the thorax of mosquitoes, viruses succeeded in replicating into midgut-associated tissues, suggesting that, during natural infection, the block for YFV-17D replication occurs at the basal membrane of the midgut. Conclusions/Significance The two barriers associated with Ae. aegypti midgut prevent YFV-17D replication. Our study contributes to our basic understanding of vector–pathogen interactions and may also aid in the development of non-transmissible live virus vaccines. Most flaviviruses, including yellow fever virus (YFV), are transmitted between hosts by mosquito bites. The yellow fever vaccine (YFV-17D) is one of the safest and most effective live virus vaccine ever developed. It is also used as a platform for engineering vaccines against other health-threatening flaviviruses, such as Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, dengue and Zika viruses. We studied here the replication and dissemination of YFV-17D in mosquitoes. Our data showing that YFV-17D is unable to disseminate to secondary organs, as compared to a YFV clinical isolate, agree with previous studies. We have expanded on this knowledge by quantifying viral RNA production, viral protein expression, viral distribution and infectivity of YFV-17D in the vector midguts. We show that the midgut is a powerful barrier that inhibits YFV-17D dissemination in mosquitoes. Our study contributes to our basic understanding of the interactions between viruses and their vectors, which is key for conceiving new approaches in inhibiting virus transmission and designing non-transmissible live virus vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Danet
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Beauclair
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Berthet
- Environment and Infectious Risks Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gonzalo Moratorio
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
- Laboratorio de Inmunovirología, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ségolène Gracias
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Choumet
- Environment and Infectious Risks Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3569 CNRS, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Yeast-produced subunit protein vaccine elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies that protect mice against Zika virus lethal infection. Antiviral Res 2019; 170:104578. [PMID: 31394119 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a serious public health concern due to its ability to induce neurological defects and its potential for rapid transmission at a global scale. However, no vaccine is currently available to prevent ZIKV infection. Here, we report the development of a yeast-derived subunit protein vaccine for ZIKV. The envelope protein domain III (EDIII) of ZIKV was produced as a secretory protein in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The yeast-derived EDIII could inhibit ZIKV infection in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that it had acquired an appropriate conformation to bind to cellular receptors of ZIKV. Immunization with recombinant EDIII protein effectively induced antigen-specific binding antibodies and cellular immune responses. The resulting anti-EDIII sera could efficiently neutralize ZIKV representative strains from both Asian and African lineages. Passive transfer with the anti-EDIII neutralizing sera could confer protection against lethal ZIKV challenge in mice. Importantly, we found that purified anti-EDIII antibodies did not cross-react with closely related dengue virus (DENV) and therefore did not enhance DENV infection. Collectively, our results demonstrate that yeast-produced EDIII is a safe and effective ZIKV vaccine candidate.
Collapse
|
73
|
Ravichandran S, Hahn M, Belaunzarán-Zamudio PF, Ramos-Castañeda J, Nájera-Cancino G, Caballero-Sosa S, Navarro-Fuentes KR, Ruiz-Palacios G, Golding H, Beigel JH, Khurana S. Differential human antibody repertoires following Zika infection and the implications for serodiagnostics and disease outcome. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1943. [PMID: 31028263 PMCID: PMC6486612 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Americas led to extensive efforts to develop vaccines and ZIKV-specific diagnostics. In the current study, we use whole genome phage display library spanning the entire ZIKV genome (ZIKV-GFPDL) for in-depth immune profiling of IgG and IgM antibody repertoires in serum and urine longitudinal samples from individuals acutely infected with ZIKV. We observe a very diverse IgM immune repertoire encompassing the entire ZIKV polyprotein on day 0 in both serum and urine. ZIKV-specific IgG antibodies increase 10-fold between day 0 and day 7 in serum, but not in urine; these are highly focused on prM/E, NS1 and NS2B. Differential antibody affinity maturation is observed against ZIKV structural E protein compared with nonstructural protein NS1. Serum antibody affinity to ZIKV-E protein inversely correlates with ZIKV disease symptoms. Our study provides insight into unlinked evolution of immune response to ZIKV infection and identified unique targets for ZIKV serodiagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Ravichandran
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Megan Hahn
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Pablo F Belaunzarán-Zamudio
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | | | | | - Sandra Caballero-Sosa
- Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Tapachula, 30740, Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | - Guillermo Ruiz-Palacios
- Comisión Coordinadora de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud y Hospitales de Alta Especialidad, Ministry of Health, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Hana Golding
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - John H Beigel
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Tree MO, Londono-Renteria B, Troupin A, Clark KM, Colpitts TM, Conway MJ. Dengue virus reduces expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 to facilitate replication in Aedes aegypti. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6352. [PMID: 31015516 PMCID: PMC6478881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of a number of viruses pathogenic to humans including dengue virus (DENV). DENV infection leads to widespread transcriptomic and proteomic alterations in mosquito cells. Here we identified alterations to the mosquito cell secretome during DENV infection by performing liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We found that an extracellular fragment of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) was present during infection. Previous literature suggests that LRP-1 regulates cholesterol homeostasis. Therefore, we hypothesized that DENV modifies LRP-1 protein expression to maintain host-derived intracellular cholesterol, which would facilitate virus replication within membrane-associated replication compartments. Accordingly, stimuli that are present during flavivirus infection reduced LRP-1 protein expression. We also found that dsRNA knockdown of LRP-1 increased intracellular cholesterol and DENV viral RNA. Further, depletion of intracellular lipids reduced infection. Together, these data suggest that DENV reduces LRP-1 protein expression, possibly through regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), to increase intracellular cholesterol and facilitate replication in Ae. aegypti.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya O Tree
- Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States of America
| | - Berlin Londono-Renteria
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America.,Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Andrea Troupin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kellie M Clark
- Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States of America
| | - Tonya M Colpitts
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America.,Department of Microbiology, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Michael J Conway
- Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Chao CH, Wu WC, Lai YC, Tsai PJ, Perng GC, Lin YS, Yeh TM. Dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 activates platelets via Toll-like receptor 4, leading to thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007625. [PMID: 31009511 PMCID: PMC6497319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection, the most common mosquito-transmitted viral infection, can cause a range of diseases from self-limiting dengue fever to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. Thrombocytopenia is a major characteristic observed in both mild and severe dengue disease and is significantly correlated with the progression of dengue severity. Previous studies have shown that DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), which can be secreted into patients’ blood, can stimulate immune cells via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and can cause endothelial leakage. However, it is unclear whether DENV NS1 can directly induce platelet activation or cause thrombocytopenia during DENV infection. In this study, we first demonstrated that DENV but not Zika virus cell culture supernatant could induce P-selectin expression and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure in human platelets, both of which were abolished when NS1 was depleted from the DENV supernatant. Similar results were found using recombinant NS1 from all four serotypes of DENV, and those effects were blocked in the presence of anti-NS1 F(ab’)2, anti-TLR4 antibody, a TLR4 antagonist (Rhodobacter sphaeroides lipopolysaccharide, LPS-Rs) and a TLR4 signaling inhibitor (TAK242), but not polymyxin B (an LPS inhibitor). Moreover, the activation of platelets by DENV NS1 promoted subthreshold concentrations of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation and enhanced platelet adhesion to endothelial cells and phagocytosis by macrophages. Finally, we demonstrated that DENV-induced thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage were attenuated in TLR4 knockout and wild-type mice when NS1 was depleted from DENV supernatant. Taken together, these results suggest that the binding of DENV NS1 to TLR4 on platelets can trigger its activation, which may contribute to thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage during dengue infection. Over the past 50 years, dengue has been a continuing global threat, with no effective vaccine or specific antiviral drug. Dengue infection causes a wide range of outcomes, from fever-like symptoms to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever. Thrombocytopenia, a reduction in platelet count, is a common feature observed in both mild and severe dengue and is correlated with disease severity. In this study, we used dengue viral supernatant or DENV recombinant NS1 protein to stimulate human-isolated platelets. We found that DENV NS1 could directly activate platelets through TLR4 and could further enhance platelet aggregation, adhesion to endothelial cells and phagocytosis by macrophages, which could lead to thrombocytopenia. We also proved that both NS1 and TLR4 are critical for DENV-induced thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage using a DENV-induced hemorrhagic mouse model. Our study reveals a new pathogenic role of NS1 during dengue infection and highlights that NS1 should be a topic of attention in the development of therapeutic drugs and vaccines against dengue infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Hsuan Chao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chueh Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chung Lai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Chuen Perng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Aedes aegypti HPX8C modulates immune responses against viral infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007287. [PMID: 30986216 PMCID: PMC6464178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes act as vectors of numerous pathogens that cause human diseases. Dengue virus (DENV) transmitted by mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is responsible for dengue fever epidemics worldwide with a serious impact on human health. Currently, disease control mainly relies on vector targeted intervention strategies. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the innate immune response of mosquitoes against pathogens. In the present study, the expression profiles of immunity-related genes in the midgut responding to DENV infection by feeding were analyzed by transcriptome and quantitative real-time PCR. The level of Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) increased seven days post-infection (d.p.i.), which could be induced by the Toll immune pathway. The expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) genes, including antioxidant genes, such as HPX7, HPX8A, HPX8B, HPX8C were induced at one d.p.i. and peaked again at ten d.p.i. in the midgut. Interestingly, down-regulation of the antioxidant gene HPX8C by RNA interference led to reduction in the virus titer in the mosquito, probably due to the elevated levels of ROS. Application of a ROS inhibitor and scavenger molecules further established the role of oxygen free radicals in the modulation of the immune response to DENV infection. Overall, our comparative transcriptome analyses provide valuable information about the regulation of immunity related genes in the transmission vector in response to DENV infection. It further allows us to identify novel molecular mechanisms underlying the host-virus interaction, which might aid in the development of novel strategies to control mosquito-borne diseases. HPX8C is a heme-containing peroxidase, which can move reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage to the organism by reducing H2O2 to H2O. Previously, the peroxidase gene has been shown to modulate midgut immunity and regulate anti-malarial response in mosquitoes. In this study, the classical immune signaling pathways, Toll and IMD genes might be late responses against the viruses. HPX8C was demonstrated here to play a role in antiviral immunity against DENV infection in Ae. Aegypti mosquitoes. HPX8C expression was induced by DENV infection and continued to increase with an elevated virus titer. In HPX8C-depleted mosquitoes, the ROS level was found to be increased with a corresponding decrease in the DENV and ZIKV virus titer. Therefore, it was speculated that HPX8C mediated immune responses against the DENV in the mosquito in the late stage of viral infection, which could be controlled by Toll pathway.
Collapse
|
77
|
Bailey MJ, Broecker F, Duehr J, Arumemi F, Krammer F, Palese P, Tan GS. Antibodies Elicited by an NS1-Based Vaccine Protect Mice against Zika Virus. mBio 2019; 10:e02861-18. [PMID: 30940710 PMCID: PMC6445944 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02861-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus which can cause severe disease in humans, including microcephaly and other congenital malformations in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. There are currently no approved prophylactics or therapeutics for Zika virus; the development of a safe and effective vaccine is an urgent priority. Preclinical studies suggest that the envelope glycoprotein can elicit potently neutralizing antibodies. However, such antibodies are implicated in the phenomenon of antibody-dependent enhancement of disease. We have previously shown that monoclonal antibodies targeting the Zika virus nonstructural NS1 protein are protective without inducing antibody-dependent enhancement of disease. Here, we investigated whether the NS1 protein itself is a viable vaccine target. Wild-type mice were vaccinated with an NS1-expressing DNA plasmid followed by two adjuvanted protein boosters, which elicited high antibody titers. Passive transfer of the immune sera was able to significantly protect STAT2 knockout mice against lethal challenge by Zika virus. In addition, long-lasting NS1-specific IgG responses were detected in serum samples from patients in either the acute or the convalescent phase of Zika virus infection. These NS1-specific antibodies were able to functionally engage Fcγ receptors. In contrast, envelope-specific antibodies did not activate Fc-mediated effector functions on infected cells. Our data suggest that the Zika virus NS1 protein, which is expressed on infected cells, is critical for Fc-dependent cell-mediated immunity. The present study demonstrates that the Zika virus NS1 protein is highly immunogenic and can elicit protective antibodies, underscoring its potential for an effective Zika virus vaccine.IMPORTANCE Zika virus is a global public health threat that causes microcephaly and congenital malformations in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Currently, no vaccines or treatments are available. While antibodies targeting the envelope glycoprotein can neutralize virus, they carry the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement of disease (ADE). In contrast, antibodies generated against the NS1 protein can be protective without eliciting ADE. The present study demonstrates the effectiveness of an NS1-based vaccine in eliciting high titers of protective antibodies against Zika virus disease in a mouse model. Sera generated by this vaccine can elicit Fc-mediated effector functions against Zika virus-infected cells. Lastly, we provide human data suggesting that the antibody response against the Zika virus NS1 protein is long-lasting and functionally active. Overall, our work will inform the development of a safe and effective Zika virus vaccine.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunization Schedule
- Immunization, Passive
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Fc/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Zika Virus Infection/prevention & control
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Bailey
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Felix Broecker
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - James Duehr
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fortuna Arumemi
- Infectious Diseases, The J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gene S Tan
- Infectious Diseases, The J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Adaptive genetic diversifications among tick-borne encephalitis virus subtypes: A genome-wide perspective. Virology 2019; 530:32-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
79
|
Du S, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhao J, Champagne C, Tong L, Zhang R, Zhang F, Qin CF, Ma P, Chen CH, Liang G, Liu Q, Shi PY, Cazelles B, Wang P, Tian H, Cheng G. Aedes mosquitoes acquire and transmit Zika virus by breeding in contaminated aquatic environments. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1324. [PMID: 30902991 PMCID: PMC6430813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that predominantly circulates between humans and Aedes mosquitoes. Clinical studies have shown that Zika viruria in patients persists for an extended period, and results in infectious virions being excreted. Here, we demonstrate that Aedes mosquitoes are permissive to ZIKV infection when breeding in urine or sewage containing low concentrations of ZIKV. Mosquito larvae and pupae, including from field Aedes aegypti can acquire ZIKV from contaminated aquatic systems, resulting in ZIKV infection of adult females. Adult mosquitoes can transmit infectious virions to susceptible type I/II interferon receptor-deficient (ifnagr-/-) C57BL/6 (AG6) mice. Furthermore, ZIKV viruria from infected AG6 mice can causes mosquito infection during the aquatic life stages. Our studies suggest that infectious urine could be a natural ZIKV source, which is potentially transmissible to mosquitoes when breeding in an aquatic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senyan Du
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Clara Champagne
- IBENS, UMR 8197 CNRS-ENS Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Liangqin Tong
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Renli Zhang
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Institute of infectious diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 100071, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tsinghua University Hospital, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Guodong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 102206, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 102206, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Bernard Cazelles
- IBENS, UMR 8197 CNRS-ENS Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005, Paris, France
- International Center for Mathematical and Computational Modeling of Complex Systems (UMMISCO), IRD-Sorbone Université, Bondy, 93143, France
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Huaiyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Zhou D, Pei C, Yang K, Ye J, Wan S, Li Q, Zhang L, Chen H, Cao S, Song Y. Development and application of a monoclonal-antibody-based blocking ELISA for detection of Japanese encephalitis virus NS1 antibodies in swine. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1535-1542. [PMID: 30900070 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a zoonotic pathogen transmitted by Culex mosquitoes and is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in humans. JEV infection of swine, which are the main amplifying hosts for JEV, can cause reproductive failure in sows; in boars it can cause testitis and infertility. The prevalence of JEV in swine is a continuous threat to human health. A practical diagnostic method for monitoring JEV infection in swine herds is essential for control of the disease in both swine and humans. Here, we have identified a high-affinity anti-JEV NS1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) by indirect ELISA and utilized it for the development of a blocking ELISA (bELISA). The optimal NS1 protein coating concentration (2 μg/mL) and mAb working concentration (1 μg/mL) were determined by checkerboard titration. One hundred ten JEV-antibody-negative serum samples were used to establish 34.03% inhibition as the cutoff value for a negative result. By the bELISA, seroconversion in 80% of newly JEV-vaccinated pigs was detected by 7 days post-immunization, while by the commercial envelope-protein-based iELISA, seroconversion was detected in 20% of the newly vaccinated pigs. We found 98.7% agreement between the bELISA and the commercial iELISA when we tested 157 field samples using both methods. From an epidemiological survey of swine serum collected between 2014 and 2016, we found that the average JEV seropositive rate in unvaccinated commodity pigs was 8.1%, and in vaccinated boars and sows, it was 67.6%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dengyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Reagents, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Reagents, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Reagents, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Reagents, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengfeng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Reagents, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Reagents, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Luping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Reagents, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Reagents, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Reagents, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Reagents, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Ciota AT. The role of co-infection and swarm dynamics in arbovirus transmission. Virus Res 2019; 265:88-93. [PMID: 30879977 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted by hematophagous insects, primarily mosquitoes. The geographic range and prevalence of mosquito-borne viruses and their vectors has dramatically increased over the last 50 years. As a result, the most medically important arboviurses now co-exist in many regions, resulting in an increased frequency of co-infections in hosts and vectors. In addition to concurrent infections with human pathogens, mosquito-only viruses and/or enzootic viruses not associated with human disease are ubiquitous in mosquito populations. Moreover, mosquito-borne viruses are largely RNA viruses that exist within individual hosts as a diverse and dynamic swarm of closely related genotypes. Interactions among co-infecting viruses and genotypes can have profound effects on virulence, fitness and evolution. Here, we review our understanding of how these complex interactions influence transmission of mosquito-borne viruses, focusing on the often-neglected virus interactions in the mosquito vector, and identify gaps in our knowledge that should guide future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Ciota
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Abstract
Mosquitoes are haematophagous vectors for hundreds of pathogenic viruses that are aetiological agents of human diseases. In nature, mosquito-borne viruses maintain a lifecycle between mosquitoes and vertebrate animals. Viruses are acquired by a naive mosquito from an infected host by blood meals and then propagate extensively in the mosquito's tissues. This mosquito then becomes a virus reservoir and is competent to transmit the viruses to a naive vertebrate host through the next blood meal. To survive in and efficiently cycle between two distinct host environments, mosquito-borne viruses have evolved delicate and smart strategies to comprehensively exploit host and vector factors. Here, we provide an update on recent studies of the mechanisms of virus survival in, acquisition and transmission by mosquitoes.
Collapse
|
83
|
Genetic Determinants of the Re-Emergence of Arboviral Diseases. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020150. [PMID: 30759739 PMCID: PMC6410223 DOI: 10.3390/v11020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases constitute a large portion of infectious diseases, causing more than 700,000 deaths annually. Mosquito-transmitted viruses, such as yellow fever, dengue, West Nile, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, have re-emerged recently and remain a public health threat worldwide. Global climate change, rapid urbanization, burgeoning international travel, expansion of mosquito populations, vector competence, and host and viral genetics may all together contribute to the re-emergence of arboviruses. In this brief review, we summarize the host and viral genetic determinants that may enhance infectivity in the host, viral fitness in mosquitoes and viral transmission by mosquitoes.
Collapse
|
84
|
Abstract
Mortality from severe dengue is low, but the economic and resource burden on health services remains substantial in endemic settings. Unfortunately, progress towards development of effective therapeutics has been slow, despite notable advances in the understanding of disease pathogenesis and considerable investment in antiviral drug discovery. For decades antibody-dependent enhancement has been the prevalent model to explain dengue pathogenesis, but it was only recently demonstrated in vivo and in clinical studies. At present, the current mainstay of management for most symptomatic dengue patients remains careful observation and prompt but judicious use of intravenous hydration therapy for those with substantial vascular leakage. Various new promising technologies for diagnosis of dengue are currently in the pipeline. New sample-in, answer-out nucleic acid amplification technologies for point-of-care use are being developed to improve performance over current technologies, with the potential to test for multiple pathogens using a single specimen. The search for biomarkers that reliably predict development of severe dengue among symptomatic individuals is also a major focus of current research efforts. The first dengue vaccine was licensed in 2015 but its performance depends on serostatus. There is an urgent need to identify correlates of both vaccine protection and disease enhancement. A crucial assessment of vector control tools should guide a research agenda for determining the most effective interventions, and how to best combine state-of-the-art vector control with vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Wilder-Smith
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Eng-Eong Ooi
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olaf Horstick
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bridget Wills
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Asia Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Vogels CBF, Rückert C, Cavany SM, Perkins TA, Ebel GD, Grubaugh ND. Arbovirus coinfection and co-transmission: A neglected public health concern? PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000130. [PMID: 30668574 PMCID: PMC6358106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological synergy between outbreaks of viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, such as chikungunya, dengue, and Zika viruses, has resulted in coinfection of humans with multiple viruses. Despite the potential impact on public health, we know only little about the occurrence and consequences of such coinfections. Here, we review the impact of coinfection on clinical disease in humans, discuss the possibility for co-transmission from mosquito to human, and describe a role for modeling transmission dynamics at various levels of co-transmission. Solving the mystery of virus coinfections will reveal whether they should be viewed as a serious concern for public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal B. F. Vogels
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Claudia Rückert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sean M. Cavany
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - T. Alex Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Gregory D. Ebel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nathan D. Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Wu P, Sun P, Nie K, Zhu Y, Shi M, Xiao C, Liu H, Liu Q, Zhao T, Chen X, Zhou H, Wang P, Cheng G. A Gut Commensal Bacterium Promotes Mosquito Permissiveness to Arboviruses. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 25:101-112.e5. [PMID: 30595552 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are hematophagous vectors that can acquire human viruses in their intestinal tract. Here, we define a mosquito gut commensal bacterium that promotes permissiveness to arboviruses. Antibiotic depletion of gut bacteria impaired arboviral infection of a lab-adapted Aedes aegypti mosquito strain. Reconstitution of individual cultivable gut bacteria in antibiotic-treated mosquitoes identified Serratia marcescens as a commensal bacterium critical for efficient arboviral acquisition. S. marcescens facilitates arboviral infection through a secreted protein named SmEnhancin, which digests membrane-bound mucins on the mosquito gut epithelia, thereby enhancing viral dissemination. Field Aedes mosquitoes positive for S. marcescens were more permissive to dengue virus infection than those free of S. marcescens. Oral introduction of S. marcescens into field mosquitoes that lack this bacterium rendered these mosquitoes highly susceptible to arboviruses. This study defines a commensal-driven mechanism that contributes to vector competence, and extends our understanding of multipartite interactions among hosts, the gut microbiome, and viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pa Wu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kaixiao Nie
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yibin Zhu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingyu Shi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Changguang Xiao
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Han Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, CCID, ICDC, China CDC, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tongyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongning Zhou
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Pu'er, Yunnan Province 650034, PR China
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Glasner DR, Puerta-Guardo H, Beatty PR, Harris E. The Good, the Bad, and the Shocking: The Multiple Roles of Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 in Protection and Pathogenesis. Annu Rev Virol 2018; 5:227-253. [PMID: 30044715 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-101416-041848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the most prevalent medically important mosquito-borne virus in the world. Upon DENV infection of a host cell, DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) can be found intracellularly as a monomer, associated with the cell surface as a dimer, and secreted as a hexamer into the bloodstream. NS1 plays a variety of roles in the viral life cycle, particularly in RNA replication and immune evasion of the complement pathway. Over the past several years, key roles for NS1 in the pathogenesis of severe dengue disease have emerged, including direct action of the protein on the vascular endothelium and triggering release of vasoactive cytokines from immune cells, both of which result in endothelial hyperpermeability and vascular leak. Importantly, the adaptive immune response generates a robust response against NS1, and its potential contribution to dengue vaccines is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R Glasner
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3370, USA; , , ,
| | - Henry Puerta-Guardo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3370, USA; , , ,
| | - P Robert Beatty
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3370, USA; , , ,
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3370, USA; , , ,
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Beaver JT, Lelutiu N, Habib R, Skountzou I. Evolution of Two Major Zika Virus Lineages: Implications for Pathology, Immune Response, and Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1640. [PMID: 30072993 PMCID: PMC6058022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) became a public health emergency of global concern in 2015 due to its rapid expansion from French Polynesia to Brazil, spreading quickly throughout the Americas. Its unexpected correlation to neurological impairments and defects, now known as congenital Zika syndrome, brought on an urgency to characterize the pathology and develop safe, effective vaccines. ZIKV genetic analyses have identified two major lineages, Asian and African, which have undergone substantial changes during the past 50 years. Although ZIKV infections have been circulating throughout Africa and Asia for the later part of the 20th century, the symptoms were mild and not associated with serious pathology until now. ZIKV evolution also took the form of novel modes of transmission, including maternal-fetal transmission, sexual transmission, and transmission through the eye. The African and Asian lineages have demonstrated differential pathogenesis and molecular responses in vitro and in vivo. The limited number of human infections prior to the 21st century restricted ZIKV research to in vitro studies, but current animal studies utilize mice deficient in type I interferon (IFN) signaling in order to invoke enhanced viral pathogenesis. This review examines ZIKV strain differences from an evolutionary perspective, discussing how these differentially impact pathogenesis via host immune responses that modulate IFN signaling, and how these differential effects dictate the future of ZIKV vaccine candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Tham HW, Balasubramaniam V, Ooi MK, Chew MF. Viral Determinants and Vector Competence of Zika Virus Transmission. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1040. [PMID: 29875751 PMCID: PMC5974093 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a new global health threat. Since its first discovery in Zika forest in Uganda, this virus has been isolated from several mosquito species, including Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The geographical distribution of these mosquito species across tropical and subtropical regions has led to several outbreaks, including the recent pandemic in Brazil, followed by the Pacific islands and other areas of North and South America. This has gained attention of the scientific community to elucidate the epidemiology and transmission of ZIKV. Despite its strong attention on clinical aspects for healthcare professionals, the relationships between ZIKV and its principal vectors, A. aegypti and A. albopictus, have not gained substantial interest in the scientific research community. As such, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge on ZIKV tropism and some important mechanisms which may be employed by the virus for effective strategies on viral survival in mosquitoes. In addition, this review identifies the areas of research that should be placed attention to, for which to be exploited for novel mosquito control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wai Tham
- Biology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, SEGi University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Vinod Balasubramaniam
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Man K. Ooi
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Miaw-Fang Chew
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Taracena ML, Bottino-Rojas V, Talyuli OAC, Walter-Nuno AB, Oliveira JHM, Angleró-Rodriguez YI, Wells MB, Dimopoulos G, Oliveira PL, Paiva-Silva GO. Regulation of midgut cell proliferation impacts Aedes aegypti susceptibility to dengue virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006498. [PMID: 29782512 PMCID: PMC5983868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the vector of some of the most important vector-borne diseases like dengue, chikungunya, zika and yellow fever, affecting millions of people worldwide. The cellular processes that follow a blood meal in the mosquito midgut are directly associated with pathogen transmission. We studied the homeostatic response of the midgut against oxidative stress, as well as bacterial and dengue virus (DENV) infections, focusing on the proliferative ability of the intestinal stem cells (ISC). Inhibition of the peritrophic matrix (PM) formation led to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the epithelial cells in response to contact with the resident microbiota, suggesting that maintenance of low levels of ROS in the intestinal lumen is key to keep ISCs division in balance. We show that dengue virus infection induces midgut cell division in both DENV susceptible (Rockefeller) and refractory (Orlando) mosquito strains. However, the susceptible strain delays the activation of the regeneration process compared with the refractory strain. Impairment of the Delta/Notch signaling, by silencing the Notch ligand Delta using RNAi, significantly increased the susceptibility of the refractory strains to DENV infection of the midgut. We propose that this cell replenishment is essential to control viral infection in the mosquito. Our study demonstrates that the intestinal epithelium of the blood fed mosquito is able to respond and defend against different challenges, including virus infection. In addition, we provide unprecedented evidence that the activation of a cellular regenerative program in the midgut is important for the determination of the mosquito vectorial competence. Aedes mosquitoes are important vectors of arboviruses, representing a major threat to public health. While feeding on blood, mosquitoes address the challenges of digestion and preservation of midgut homeostasis. Damaged or senescent cells must be constantly replaced by new cells to maintain midgut epithelial integrity. In this study, we show that the intestinal stem cells (ISCs) of blood-fed mosquitoes are able to respond to abiotic and biotic challenges. Exposing midgut cells to different types of stress, such as the inhibition of the peritrophic matrix formation, changes in the midgut redox state, or infection with entomopathogenic bacteria or viruses, resulted in an increased number of mitotic cells in blood-fed mosquitoes. Mosquito strains with different susceptibilities to DENV infection presented different time course of cell regeneration in response to viral infection. Knockdown of the Notch pathway in a refractory mosquito strain limited cell division after infection with DENV and resulted in increased mosquito susceptibility to the virus. Conversely, inducing midgut cell proliferation made a susceptible strain more resistant to viral infection. Therefore, the effectiveness of midgut cellular renewal during viral infection proved to be an important factor in vector competence. These findings can contribute to the understanding of virus-host interactions and help to develop more successful strategies of vector control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mabel L. Taracena
- Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Bottino-Rojas
- Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Octavio A. C. Talyuli
- Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ana Beatriz Walter-Nuno
- Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - José Henrique M. Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Yesseinia I. Angleró-Rodriguez
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Wells
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
- The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - George Dimopoulos
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Pedro L. Oliveira
- Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Gabriela O. Paiva-Silva
- Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Xia H, Xie X, Shan C, Shi PY. Potential Mechanisms for Enhanced Zika Epidemic and Disease. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:656-659. [PMID: 29355007 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A number of mechanisms have driven the explosive epidemics and severe diseases of Zika virus since 2007. Here, we comment on how herd immunity, heterologous flavivirus preimmunity, and viral mutations could enhance the epidemic potential and disease severity of Zika virus in humans.
Collapse
|
92
|
Alfonso-Parra C, Avila FW. Molecular Responses to the Zika Virus in Mosquitoes. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7020049. [PMID: 29751526 PMCID: PMC6027243 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV), originally discovered in 1947, did not become a major concern until the virus swept across the Pacific and into the Americas in the last decade, bringing with it news of neurological complications and birth defects in ZIKV affected areas. This prompted researchers to dissect the molecular interactions between ZIKV and the mosquito vector in an attempt to better understand not only the changes that occur upon infection, but to also identify molecules that may potentially enhance or suppress a mosquito’s ability to become infected and/or transmit the virus. Here, we review what is currently known regarding ZIKV-mosquito molecular interactions, focusing on ZIKV infection of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, the primary species implicated in transmitting ZIKV during the recent outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Alfonso-Parra
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Mosquito Reproductive Biology, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 #53-108, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
- Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical, Carerra 43A # 52 sur-99, Sabaneta 055450, Colombia.
| | - Frank W Avila
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Mosquito Reproductive Biology, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 #53-108, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Bottino-Rojas V, Talyuli OAC, Carrara L, Martins AJ, James AA, Oliveira PL, Paiva-Silva GO. The redox-sensing gene Nrf2 affects intestinal homeostasis, insecticide resistance, and Zika virus susceptibility in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9053-9063. [PMID: 29685890 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Production and degradation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are extensively regulated to ensure proper cellular responses to various environmental stimuli and stresses. Moreover, physiologically generated ROS function as secondary messengers that can influence tissue homeostasis. The cap'n'collar transcription factor known as nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2 (Nrf2) coordinates an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional activation pathway that mediates antioxidant and detoxification responses in many animal species, including insects and mammals. Here, we show that Nrf2-mediated signaling affects embryo survival, midgut homeostasis, and redox biology in Aedes aegypti, a mosquito species vector of dengue, Zika, and other disease-causing viruses. We observed that AeNrf2 silencing increases ROS levels and stimulates intestinal stem cell proliferation. Because ROS production is a major aspect of innate immunity in mosquito gut, we found that a decrease in Nrf2 signaling results in reduced microbiota growth and Zika virus infection. Moreover, we provide evidence that AeNrf2 signaling also controls transcriptional adaptation of A. aegypti to insecticide challenge. Therefore, we conclude that Nrf2-mediated response regulates assorted gene clusters in A. aegypti that determine cellular and midgut redox balance, affecting overall xenobiotic resistance and vectorial adaptation of the mosquito.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bottino-Rojas
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Octavio A C Talyuli
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902 Brazil
| | - Luana Carrara
- Laficave, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Ademir J Martins
- Laficave, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.,the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, and
| | - Anthony A James
- the Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3900
| | - Pedro L Oliveira
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902 Brazil.,the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, and
| | - Gabriela O Paiva-Silva
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902 Brazil, .,the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, and
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Qu P, Zhang W, Li D, Zhang C, Liu Q, Zhang X, Wang X, Dai W, Xu Y, Leng Q, Zhong J, Jin X, Huang Z. Insect cell-produced recombinant protein subunit vaccines protect against Zika virus infection. Antiviral Res 2018; 154:97-103. [PMID: 29665376 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) may lead to severe neurologic disorders. It is of significant importance and urgency to develop safe and effective vaccines to prevent ZIKV infection. Here we report the development of ZIKV subunit vaccines based on insect cell-produced recombinant proteins. The N-terminal approximately 80% region (designated as E80) and the domain III (designated as EDIII) of ZIKV envelope (E) protein were efficiently produced as secreted proteins in a Drosophila S2 cell expression system. Both E80 and EDIII could inhibit ZIKV infection in vitro, suggesting that they may have folded properly to display native conformations. Immunization studies demonstrated that both E80 and EDIII vaccines were able to trigger antigen-specific antibody and T-cell responses in mice. The resulting anti-E80 and anti-EDIII sera could potently neutralize ZIKV infection in vitro. More importantly, passive transfer of either anti-E80 or anti-EDIII sera protected recipient mice against lethal ZIKV challenge. It is worth noting that the anti-EDIII sera possessed higher neutralizing titers and conferred more complete protection than the anti-E80 sera, indicating that the S2 cell-produced EDIII is a superior ZIKV vaccine candidate compared with the E80. These data support further preclinical and clinical development of a ZIKV subunit vaccine based on S2 cell-produced EDIII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panke Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qingwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xueyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenlong Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yongfen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qibin Leng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xia Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Zhong Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Abstract
The deterministic force of natural selection and stochastic influence of drift shape RNA virus evolution. New deep-sequencing and microfluidics technologies allow us to quantify the effect of mutations and trace the evolution of viral populations with single-genome and single-nucleotide resolution. Such experiments can reveal the topography of the genotype-fitness landscapes that shape the path of viral evolution. By combining historical analyses, like phylogenetic approaches, with high-throughput and high-resolution evolutionary experiments, we can observe parallel patterns of evolution that drive important phenotypic transitions. These developments provide a framework for quantifying and anticipating potential evolutionary events. Here, we examine emerging technologies that can map the selective landscapes of viruses, focusing on their application to pathogenic viruses. We identify areas where these technologies can bolster our ability to study the evolution of viruses and to anticipate and possibly intervene in evolutionary events and prevent viral disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Dolan
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, E200 Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, GH-S572, UCSF Box 2280, San Francisco, CA 94143-2280, USA
| | - Zachary J Whitfield
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, GH-S572, UCSF Box 2280, San Francisco, CA 94143-2280, USA
| | - Raul Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, GH-S572, UCSF Box 2280, San Francisco, CA 94143-2280, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Poonsiri T, Wright GSA, Diamond MS, Turtle L, Solomon T, Antonyuk SV. Structural Study of the C-Terminal Domain of Nonstructural Protein 1 from Japanese Encephalitis Virus. J Virol 2018; 92:e01868-17. [PMID: 29343583 PMCID: PMC5972899 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01868-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that is closely related to other emerging viral pathogens, including dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). JEV infection can result in meningitis and encephalitis, which in severe cases cause permanent brain damage and death. JEV occurs predominantly in rural areas throughout Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and the Far East, causing around 68,000 cases of infection worldwide each year. In this report, we present a 2.1-Å-resolution crystal structure of the C-terminal β-ladder domain of JEV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1-C). The surface charge distribution of JEV NS1-C is similar to those of WNV and ZIKV but differs from that of DENV. Analysis of the JEV NS1-C structure, with in silico molecular dynamics simulation and experimental solution small-angle X-ray scattering, indicates extensive loop flexibility on the exterior of the protein. This, together with the surface charge distribution, indicates that flexibility influences the protein-protein interactions that govern pathogenicity. These factors also affect the interaction of NS1 with the 22NS1 monoclonal antibody, which is protective against West Nile virus infection. Liposome and heparin binding assays indicate that only the N-terminal region of NS1 mediates interaction with membranes and that sulfate binding sites common to NS1 structures are not glycosaminoglycan binding interfaces. This report highlights several differences between flavivirus NS1 proteins and contributes to our understanding of their structure-pathogenic function relationships.IMPORTANCE JEV is a major cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. Despite extensive vaccination, epidemics still occur. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) plays a role in viral replication, and, because it is secreted, it can exhibit a wide range of interactions with host proteins. NS1 sequence and protein folds are conserved within the Flavivirus genus, but variations in NS1 protein-protein interactions among viruses likely contribute to differences in pathogenesis. Here, we compared characteristics of the C-terminal β-ladder domain of NS1 between flaviviruses, including surface charge, loop flexibility, epitope cross-reactivity, membrane adherence, and glycosaminoglycan binding. These structural features are central to NS1 functionality and may provide insight into the development of diagnostic tests and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanalai Poonsiri
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Health Protection Research Unit on Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth S A Wright
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lance Turtle
- Centre for Global Vaccine Research, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Health Protection Research Unit on Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Solomon
- Health Protection Research Unit on Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Svetlana V Antonyuk
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Abstract
Transmission of flaviviruses by hematophagous insects such as mosquitoes requires acquisition of the virus during blood feeding on the host, with midgut as the primary infection site. Here, we report that N-glycosylation of the E protein, which is conserved among most flaviviruses, is critical for the Zika virus (ZIKV) to invade the vector midgut by inhibiting the reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway of the mosquito immune system. Our data further show that removal of the ZIKV E glycosylation site prevents mosquito infection by flaviviruses via the oral route, whereas there is no effect on infection by intrathoracic microinjection, which bypasses the midgut. Interestingly, the defect in infection of the mosquito midgut by the mutant virus through blood feeding is rescued by reduction of the ROS level by application of vitamin C, a well-known antioxidant. Therefore, our data demonstrate that ZIKV utilizes the glycosylation on the envelope to antagonize the vector immune defense during infection.IMPORTANCE Most flaviviruses, including Zika virus (ZIKV), are transmitted between hosts by arthropod vectors, such as mosquitoes, which acquire the virus during a blood meal. Here, by mutagenesis, we found a major role of the N-glycosylation of flavivirus E protein in its transmission circle, facilitating its survival against the vector immune system during invasion of the mosquito midgut while blood feeding on the host. In spite of the extensive studies of the involvement of N-glycan modification of flavivirus E protein in virus-host interactions, we discovered its critical role in virus-vector interaction and the evolution of flavivirus. Given the deleterious effects of ZIKV on human health, this study might have a significant impact on development of novel transmission-blocking strategies.
Collapse
|
98
|
Wagar ZL, Tree MO, Mpoy MC, Conway MJ. Low density lipopolyprotein inhibits flavivirus acquisition in Aedes aegypti. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 26:734-742. [PMID: 28718976 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of a number of human pathogens including dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Ae. aegypti acquires these viruses during the processing of bloodmeals obtained from an infected vertebrate host. Vertebrate blood contains a number of factors that have the potential to modify virus acquisition in the mosquito. Interestingly, low density lipopolyprotein (LDL) levels are decreased during severe DENV infection. Accordingly, we hypothesized that LDL is a modifiable factor that can influence flavivirus acquisition in the mosquito. We found that LDL is endocytosed by Ae. aegypti cells in a dynamin-dependent manner. LDL is also endocytosed by midgut epithelial cells and accumulates at the luminal midgut epithelium during bloodmeal digestion. Importantly, pretreatment with LDL, but not high density lipopolyprotein (HDL), significantly inhibited both DENV and ZIKV infection in vitro, and LDL inhibited ZIKV infection in vivo. This study identifies human LDL or 'bad cholesterol' as a modifiable factor that can inhibit flavivirus acquisition in Ae. aegypti. Identification of modifiable blood factors and critical cellular interactions that mediate pathogen acquisition may lead to novel strategies to disrupt the transmission cycle of vector-borne diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z L Wagar
- Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - M O Tree
- Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - M C Mpoy
- Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - M J Conway
- Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Brault AC, Domi A, McDonald EM, Talmi-Frank D, McCurley N, Basu R, Robinson HL, Hellerstein M, Duggal NK, Bowen RA, Guirakhoo F. A Zika Vaccine Targeting NS1 Protein Protects Immunocompetent Adult Mice in a Lethal Challenge Model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14769. [PMID: 29116169 PMCID: PMC5677088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has rapidly extended its geographic range around the world. Its association with abnormal fetal brain development, sexual transmission, and lack of a preventive vaccine have constituted a global health concern. Designing a safe and effective vaccine requires significant caution due to overlapping geographical distribution of ZIKV with dengue virus (DENV) and other flaviviruses, possibly resulting in more severe disease manifestations in flavivirus immune vaccinees such as Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE, a phenomenon involved in pathogenesis of DENV, and a risk associated with ZIKV vaccines using the envelope proteins as immunogens). Here, we describe the development of an alternative vaccine strategy encompassing the expression of ZIKV non-structural-1 (NS1) protein from a clinically proven safe, Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector, thus averting the potential risk of ADE associated with structural protein-based ZIKV vaccines. A single intramuscular immunization of immunocompetent mice with the MVA-ZIKV-NS1 vaccine candidate provided robust humoral and cellular responses, and afforded 100% protection against a lethal intracerebral dose of ZIKV (strain MR766). This is the first report of (i) a ZIKV vaccine based on the NS1 protein and (ii) single dose protection against ZIKV using an immunocompetent lethal mouse challenge model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Brault
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | | - Erin M McDonald
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Dalit Talmi-Frank
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Nisha K Duggal
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Richard A Bowen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Zhu Y, Zhang R, Zhang B, Zhao T, Wang P, Liang G, Cheng G. Blood meal acquisition enhances arbovirus replication in mosquitoes through activation of the GABAergic system. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1262. [PMID: 29093445 PMCID: PMC5665997 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are hematophagous insects that carry-on and transmit many human viruses. However, little information is available regarding the common mechanisms underlying the infection of mosquitoes by these viruses. In this study, we reveal that the hematophagous nature of mosquitoes contributes to arboviral infection after a blood meal, which suppresses antiviral innate immunity by activating the GABAergic pathway. dsRNA-mediated interruption of the GABA signaling and blockage of the GABAA receptor by the specific inhibitors both significantly impaired arbovirus replication. Consistently, inoculation of GABA enhanced arboviral infection, indicating that GABA signaling facilitates the arboviral infection of mosquitoes. The ingestion of blood by mosquitoes resulted in robust GABA production from glutamic acid derived from blood protein digestion. The oral introduction of glutamic acid increased virus acquisition by mosquitoes via activation of the GABAergic system. Our study reveals that blood meals enhance arbovirus replication in mosquitoes through activation of the GABAergic system. Transmission of many human viruses depends on replication in their mosquito vectors. Here, Zhu et al. show that glutamic acid digested from the blood meal activates GABA signaling, resulting in suppression of antiviral innate immunity and increased virus replication in mosquitoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Zhu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Institute of pathogenic organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rudian Zhang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tongyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Guodong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Institute of pathogenic organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|