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Guerreiro MJS, Kekunnaya R, Röder B. Top-down modulation of visual cortical processing after transient congenital blindness. Neuropsychologia 2022; 174:108338. [PMID: 35931134 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Early visual experience has been shown to be critical for the development of visual and multisensory functions; however, its impact on functional brain organization remains largely unexplored. Here, we therefore investigated the effect of early visual deprivation on top-down attentional modulation of visual cortical processing within the occipito-temporal cortex. Furthermore, we explored whether early visual deprivation may affect the extent to which typically visual, motion-selective area hMT responds to moving visual stimuli. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared cortical responses in area hMT and in the fusiform face area (FFA) to moving face stimuli - which were either task relevant or task irrelevant - relative to stationary face stimuli between cataract-reversal participants and normally sighted controls. Although both groups exhibited significantly stronger visual cortical responses in area hMT to moving stimuli than during the stationary baseline, the magnitude of this effect was significantly lower in the cataract-reversal group. In contrast, both groups exhibited significantly enhanced visual cortical responses in area hMT and in the FFA when moving face stimuli were task relevant compared to when they were task irrelevant, with no significant differences between groups in the magnitude of these effects. These results indicate that top-down attentional modulation of visual cortical processing in area hMT and FFA does not depend on early visual experience. Furthermore, the present results suggest that the functional specialization of area hMT for visual motion processing may be partially disrupted by early visual deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J S Guerreiro
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 11, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany; Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Ramesh Kekunnaya
- Child Sight Institute, Jasti V. Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Center, Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus and Neuro-Ophthalmology, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, 500034, Telengana, India
| | - Brigitte Röder
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 11, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
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52
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Sghirripa S, Graetz L, Rogasch NC, Semmler JG, Goldsworthy MR. Does predictive cueing of presentation time modulate alpha power and facilitate visual working memory performance in younger and older adults? Brain Cogn 2022; 159:105861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2022.105861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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53
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Davison C, Weeks J, Grady C, Hasher L, Buchsbaum B. Influence of target-distractor neural similarity on working memory performance in older and younger adults. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2022; 29:463-482. [PMID: 35168500 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2036682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
According to the inhibitory deficit hypothesis, older adults often fail to selectively inhibit distractors and attend to relevant information in working memory, leading to poorer memory of target items but better recall of irrelevant distractors compared to younger adults. Here, we explored how neural similarity of activity patterns between relevant and irrelevant stimulus categories impacts memory performance. We found evidence that older adults may benefit from failing to inhibit distractors that are similar to targets, perhaps because sustained neural activation of distractors partially supports maintenance of targets when they share neural resources, allowing for better subsequent recognition of studied target items. We also found increased category-specific multivoxel pattern activity in medial temporal regions in younger compared to older adults as category similarity increased. We propose that this reduced category-specific activation in medial temporal regions in older adults may reflect more blended representations of all the information available in working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Davison
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Jennifer Weeks
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Cheryl Grady
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Lynn Hasher
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Bradley Buchsbaum
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
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54
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McKay NS, Dincer A, Mehrotra V, Aschenbrenner AJ, Balota D, Hornbeck RC, Hassenstab J, Morris JC, Benzinger TLS, Gordon BA. Beta-amyloid moderates the relationship between cortical thickness and attentional control in middle- and older-aged adults. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 112:181-190. [PMID: 35227946 PMCID: PMC9208719 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although often unmeasured in studies of cognition, many older adults possess Alzheimer disease (AD) pathologies such as beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, despite being asymptomatic. We were interested in examining whether the behavior-structure relationship observed in later life was altered by the presence of preclinical AD pathology. A total of 511 cognitively unimpaired adults completed magnetic resonance imaging and three attentional control tasks; a subset (n = 396) also underwent Aβ-positron emissions tomography. A vertex-wise model was conducted to spatially represent the relationship between cortical thickness and average attentional control accuracy, while moderation analysis examined whether Aβ deposition impacted this relationship. First, we found that reduced cortical thickness in temporal, medial- and lateral-parietal, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, predicted worse performance on the attention task composite. Subsequent moderation analyses observed that levels of Aβ significantly influence the relationship between cortical thickness and attentional control. Our results support the hypothesis that preclinical AD, as measured by Aβ deposition, is partially driving what would otherwise be considered general aging in a cognitively normal adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S McKay
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, MO.
| | - Aylin Dincer
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Andrew J Aschenbrenner
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology, Washington School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - David Balota
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, MO
| | - Russ C Hornbeck
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, MO
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology, Washington School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, MO
| | - John C Morris
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology, Washington School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, MO
| | - Brian A Gordon
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, MO; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, MO
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55
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Mohamed WMY, Yi C, Soreq L, Yamashita T. Editorial: Genes and Aging: From Bench-to-Bedside. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:886967. [PMID: 35431892 PMCID: PMC9006944 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.886967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wael M. Y. Mohamed
- Department of Basic Medical Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Selayang, Malaysia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Wael M. Y. Mohamed
| | - Chenju Yi
- Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lilach Soreq
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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56
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Whether attentional loads influence audiovisual integration depends on semantic associations. Atten Percept Psychophys 2022; 84:2205-2218. [PMID: 35304700 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-022-02461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal studies have shown that selectively attending to a common object in one sensory modality results in facilitated processing of that object's representations in the ignored sensory modality. Thus, the audiovisual (AV) integration of common objects can be observed under modality-specific selective attention. However, little is known about whether this AV integration can also occur under increased attentional load conditions. Additionally, whether semantic associations between multisensory features of common objects modulate the influence of increased attentional loads on this cross-modal integration remains unknown. In the present study, participants completed an AV integration task (ignored auditory stimuli) under various attentional load conditions: no load, low load, and high load. The semantic associations between AV stimuli were composed of animal pictures presented concurrently with semantically congruent, semantically incongruent, or semantically unrelated auditory stimuli. Our results demonstrated that attentional loads did not disrupt the integration of semantically congruent AV stimuli but suppressed the potential alertness effects induced by incongruent or unrelated auditory stimuli under the condition of modality-specific selective attention. These findings highlight the critical role of semantic association between AV stimuli in modulating the effect of attentional loads on the AV integration of modality-specific selective attention.
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57
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Spinola S, De Vita MJ, Gilmour CE, Maisto SA. Effects of acute alcohol administration on working memory: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:695-708. [PMID: 35075512 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol-induced executive function deficits may underlie associations between alcohol, self-regulation, and hazardous behaviors. Studies examining the effects of alcohol administration on working memory, an important executive functioning component, have produced mixed findings. Acute alcohol effects on working memory remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of acute alcohol administration on working memory outcomes in studies of healthy adults. METHODS We performed a systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO from inception to June 2021. Studies were included if they met criteria, including healthy participants and administration of quantified alcohol doses against comparative controls. Data extracted included primary working memory outcomes, alcohol doses, and study characteristics. Study quality was assessed using an established validity measure. Working memory task type, alcohol dose, control condition type, and sex/gender composition were explored as moderators using mixed-effects models and meta-regressions. RESULTS Thirty-two studies (1629 participants) provided sufficient data for 54 comparisons between alcohol and control conditions. Random-effects meta-analysis indicated that alcohol administration produced significant, small- to medium-sized working memory decrements (g [95% CI] = - 0.300 [- 0.390 to - 0.211], p < 0.001). Moderation analyses suggested that these effects differed as a function of task type, dose, control condition type, and sex/gender composition. The average quality rating across studies was good. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol administration significantly impaired working memory performance, particularly when executive-related manipulation processes were involved. Future research is needed to investigate how alcohol-induced working memory impairments relate to compromised self-regulation, hazardous behavior, and negative drinking consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Spinola
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,VA Connecticut Healthcare System-West Haven, West Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, NY, USA.
| | - Martin J De Vita
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Behavioral Health, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Christina E Gilmour
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen A Maisto
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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58
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Nonuniformity of Whole-Cerebral Neural Resource Allocation, a Neuromarker of the Broad-Task Attention. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0358-21.2022. [PMID: 35228309 PMCID: PMC8925723 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0358-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural basis of attention is thought to involve the allocation of limited neural resources. However, the quantitative validation of this hypothesis remains challenging. Here, we provide quantitative evidence that the nonuniform allocation of neural resources across the whole cerebral gray matter reflects the broad-task process of sustained attention. We propose a neural measure for the nonuniformity of whole-cerebral allocation using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found that this measure was significantly correlated with conventional indicators of attention level, such as task difficulty and pupil dilation. We further found that the broad-task neural correlates of the measure belong to frontoparietal and dorsal attention networks. Finally, we found that patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder showed abnormal decreases in the level of the proposed measure, reflecting the executive dysfunction. This study proposes a neuromarker suggesting that the nonuniform allocation of neural resources may be the broad-task neural basis of sustained attention.
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59
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ElShafei HA, Masson R, Fakche C, Fornoni L, Moulin A, Caclin A, Bidet-Caulet A. Age-related differences in bottom-up and top-down attention: Insights from EEG and MEG. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1215-1231. [PMID: 35112420 PMCID: PMC9303169 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Attention operates through top‐down and bottom‐up processes, and a balance between these processes is crucial for daily tasks. Imperilling such balance could explain ageing‐associated attentional problems such as exacerbated distractibility. In this study, we aimed to characterize this enhanced distractibility by investigating the impact of ageing upon event‐related components associated with top‐down and bottom‐up attentional processes. MEG and EEG data were acquired from 14 older and 14 younger healthy adults while performing a task that conjointly evaluates top‐down and bottom‐up attention. Event‐related components were analysed on sensor and source levels. In comparison with the younger group, the older mainly displayed (1) reduced target anticipation processes (reduced CMV), (2) increased early target processing (larger P50 but smaller N1) and (3) increased processing of early distracting sounds (larger N1 but reduced P3a), followed by a (4) prolonged reorientation towards the main task (larger RON). Taken together, our results suggest that the enhanced distractibility in ageing could stem from top‐down deficits, in particular from reduced inhibitory and reorientation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A ElShafei
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, EN, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rémy Masson
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Fakche
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lesly Fornoni
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Annie Moulin
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Caclin
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Bidet-Caulet
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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60
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Tagliabue CF, Varesio G, Mazza V. Inter- and Intra-Hemispheric Age-Related Remodeling in Visuo-Spatial Working Memory. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:807907. [PMID: 35111040 PMCID: PMC8803153 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.807907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) studies investigating visuo-spatial working memory (vWM) in aging typically adopt an event-related potential (ERP) analysis approach that has shed light on the age-related changes during item retention and retrieval. However, this approach does not fully enable a detailed description of the time course of the neural dynamics related to aging. The most frequent age-related changes in brain activity have been described by two influential models of neurocognitive aging, the Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults (HAROLD) and the Posterior-Anterior Shift in Aging (PASA). These models posit that older adults tend to recruit additional brain areas (bilateral as predicted by HAROLD and anterior as predicted by PASA) when performing several cognitive tasks. We tested younger (N = 36) and older adults (N = 35) in a typical vWM task (delayed match-to-sample) where participants have to retain items and then compare them to a sample. Through a data-driven whole scalp EEG analysis we aimed at characterizing the temporal dynamics of the age-related activations predicted by the two models, both across and within different stages of stimulus processing. Behaviorally, younger outperformed older adults. The EEG analysis showed that older adults engaged supplementary bilateral posterior and frontal sites when processing different levels of memory load, in line with both HAROLD and PASA-like activations. Interestingly, these age-related supplementary activations dynamically developed over time. Indeed, they varied across different stages of stimulus processing, with HAROLD-like modulations being mainly present during item retention, and PASA-like activity during both retention and retrieval. Overall, the present results suggest that age-related neural changes are not a phenomenon indiscriminately present throughout all levels of cognitive processing.
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61
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Hernandez CM, Hernandez AR, Hoffman JM, King PH, McMahon LL, Buford TW, Carter C, Bizon JL, Burke SN. A Neuroscience Primer for Integrating Geroscience With the Neurobiology of Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:e19-e33. [PMID: 34623396 PMCID: PMC8751809 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroscience has a rich history of studies focusing on neurobiology of aging. However, much of the aging studies in neuroscience occur outside of the gerosciences. The goal of this primer is 2-fold: first, to briefly highlight some of the history of aging neurobiology and second, to introduce to geroscientists the broad spectrum of methodological approaches neuroscientists use to study the neurobiology of aging. This primer is accompanied by a corresponding geroscience primer, as well as a perspective on the current challenges and triumphs of the current divide across these 2 fields. This series of manuscripts is intended to foster enhanced collaborations between neuroscientists and geroscientists with the intent of strengthening the field of cognitive aging through inclusion of parameters from both areas of expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caesar M Hernandez
- Department of Cellular, Development, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Abigail R Hernandez
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jessica M Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Peter H King
- Department of Cellular, Development, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lori L McMahon
- Department of Cellular, Development, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,UAB Nathan Shock Center for the Basic Biology of Aging, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,UAB Integrative Center for Aging Research, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,UAB Nathan Shock Center for the Basic Biology of Aging, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,UAB Integrative Center for Aging Research, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christy Carter
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer L Bizon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, and the McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sara N Burke
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, and the McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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62
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Aging and goal-directed cognition: Cognitive control, inhibition, and motivated cognition. PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.plm.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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63
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Smith SM, Zequeira S, Ravi M, Johnson SA, Hampton AM, Ross AM, Pyon W, Maurer AP, Bizon JL, Burke SN. Age-related impairments on the touchscreen paired associates learning (PAL) task in male rats. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 109:176-191. [PMID: 34749169 PMCID: PMC9351724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Discovery research in rodent models of cognitive aging is instrumental for identifying mechanisms of behavioral decline in old age that can be therapeutically targeted. Clinically relevant behavioral paradigms, however, have not been widely employed in aged rats. The current study aimed to bridge this translational gap by testing cognition in a cross-species touchscreen-based platform known as paired-associates learning (PAL) and then utilizing a trial-by-trial behavioral analysis approach. This study found age-related deficits in PAL task acquisition in male rats. Furthermore, trial-by-trial analyses and testing rats on a novel interference version of PAL suggested that age-related impairments were not due to differences in vulnerability to an irrelevant distractor, motivation, or to forgetting. Rather, impairment appeared to arise from vulnerability to accumulating, proactive interference, with aged animals performing worse than younger rats in later trial blocks within a single testing session. The detailed behavioral analysis employed in this study provides new insights into the etiology of age-associated cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Concentration, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sabrina Zequeira
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Concentration, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Meena Ravi
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andriena M Hampton
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aleyna M Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Concentration, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wonn Pyon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Concentration, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew P Maurer
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer L Bizon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sara N Burke
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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64
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Kantarovich K, Mwilambwe-Tshilobo L, Fernández-Cabello S, Setton R, Baracchini G, Lockrow AW, Spreng RN, Turner GR. White matter lesion load is associated with lower within- and greater between- network connectivity across older age. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 112:170-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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65
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Lee B, Cai W, Young CB, Yuan R, Ryman S, Kim J, Santini V, Henderson VW, Poston KL, Menon V. Latent brain state dynamics and cognitive flexibility in older adults. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 208:102180. [PMID: 34627994 PMCID: PMC9585912 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment in older adults is a rapidly growing public health concern as the elderly population dramatically grows worldwide. While it is generally assumed that cognitive deficits in older adults are associated with reduced brain flexibility, quantitative evidence has been lacking. Here, we investigate brain flexibility in healthy older adults (ages 60-85) using a novel Bayesian switching dynamical system algorithm and ultrafast temporal resolution (TR = 490 ms) whole-brain fMRI data during performance of a Sternberg working memory task. We identify latent brain states and characterize their dynamic temporal properties, including state transitions, associated with encoding, maintenance, and retrieval. Crucially, we demonstrate that brain inflexibility is associated with slower and more fragmented transitions between latent brain states, and that brain inflexibility mediates the relation between age and cognitive inflexibility. Our study provides a novel neurocomputational framework for investigating latent dynamic circuit processes underlying brain flexibility and cognition in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongwook Lee
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States.
| | - Weidong Cai
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Christina B Young
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Rui Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Sephira Ryman
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Jeehyun Kim
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Veronica Santini
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Victor W Henderson
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Kathleen L Poston
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States; Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States; Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States; Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States.
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66
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Song W, Hu X, Xie G, Lai W, Wang Y, Wu D. The Auditory P50 Gating in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Case-Control Study. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2022; 37:15333175211068966. [PMID: 35025693 PMCID: PMC10623964 DOI: 10.1177/15333175211068966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Auditory P50 gating changed might be a neurophysiological biomarker of the diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). We aimed to determine the impact of MCI in auditory P50 gating. Methods: All recruited participants completed structured questionnaires and finished auditory P50 gating measure. Results: A total of 20 MCI patients and 17 controls had been recruited. MCI patients had a significant higher reduction of P50 gating at Fz site, when compared to controls (1.21 ± .68 vs .66 ± .37, P = .00). Zero point five was the best cut off point to distinguish MCI and control of auditory P50 gating S2/S1 at Fz site. The P50 average amplitude at Pz site in MCI patients was significantly higher than controls (2.62 ± 1.20 vs 1.70 ± .74, P = .01). Conclusion: MCI patients might have impaired the ability of inhibiting the repeated stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wentao Lai
- Electroencephalogram Institute, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Donghui Wu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen, China
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67
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Inoue T, Nagata K, Tateoka K, Seol J, Yoon J, Tsuji T, Okura T. [Relationship between performance on the Digital Trail Making Peg test and cognitive function in older adults]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2022; 59:331-338. [PMID: 36070907 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.59.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the relationship between performance on the Digital Trail Making Peg test (DTMP) and cognitive function in older adults. METHODS A total of 203 community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 76.4±5.1 years old) participated in this study. The five-cog test was used to assess the cognitive function. The DTMP measured completion time, number of errors and intra-individual variability for performance variability (coefficient of variation, CV; inter-elemental variability, IEV). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) was calculated to examine the association between each variable. In addition, a multiple regression analysis was performed with the cognitive function score as the dependent variable and the DTMP completion time, number of errors, CV, and IEV as the independent variables, with adjusting for the sex, age, years of education, body mass index, medical history, depression, and physical function. RESULTS The rank correlation coefficients with cognitive function scores were as follows: completion time, ρ = -0.479 (P < 0.01), number of errors, ρ = -0.068 (P = 0.332), CV, ρ = 0.085 (P = 0.225), IEV, ρ = -0.316 (P < 0.01). The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that completion time (β = -0.566), CV (β = 0.164), IEV (β = 2.736) were significantly associated with cognitive function scores. CONCLUSIONS The shorter the DTMP completion time, the better the overall cognitive function. However, the intra-individual variability of CV and IEV did not show consistent results, with smaller values indicating less intra-individual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Inoue
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mejiro University
- Doctoral Program in Human Care Science, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Koki Nagata
- Doctoral Program in Public Health, Degree Programs in Comprehensive Human Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Korin Tateoka
- Doctoral Program in Health and Sports Sciences, Degree Programs in Comprehensive Human Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Jaehoon Seol
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Tsukuba
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Jieun Yoon
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering
- R& D Center for Tailor-Made QOL, University of Tsukuba
| | - Taishi Tsuji
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Tsukuba
| | - Tomohiro Okura
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Tsukuba
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba
- R& D Center for Tailor-Made QOL, University of Tsukuba
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68
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Dahl MJ, Mather M, Werkle-Bergner M. Noradrenergic modulation of rhythmic neural activity shapes selective attention. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:38-52. [PMID: 34799252 PMCID: PMC8678372 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During moments involving selective attention, the thalamus orchestrates the preferential processing of prioritized information by coordinating rhythmic neural activity within a distributed frontoparietal network. The timed release of neuromodulators from subcortical structures dynamically sculpts neural synchronization in thalamocortical networks to meet current attentional demands. In particular, noradrenaline modulates the balance of cortical excitation and inhibition, as reflected by thalamocortical alpha synchronization (~8-12 Hz). These neuromodulatory adjustments facilitate the selective processing of prioritized information. Thus, by disrupting effective rhythmic coordination in attention networks, age-related locus coeruleus (LC) degeneration can impair higher levels of neural processing. In sum, findings across different levels of analysis and modalities shed light on how the noradrenergic modulation of neural synchronization helps to shape selective attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Dahl
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 90089 Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mara Mather
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 90089 Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Markus Werkle-Bergner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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69
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Shamsi F, Chen V, Liu R, Pergher V, Kwon M. Functional Field of View Determined by Crowding, Aging, or Glaucoma Under Divided Attention. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:14. [PMID: 34910102 PMCID: PMC8684310 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.14.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Parafoveal or peripheral vision is important for various everyday activities. This is particularly relevant to those who suffer from visual field defects. Here we quantified the effect of visual crowding, normal aging, and glaucoma on the spatial extent of the functional field of view (FFV) under divided attention. Methods Unlike visual acuity measured by single-letter recognition or visual perimetry measured by light spot detection, we measured the FFV using a target letter presented either alone or in letter triplets appearing across the visual field. A subject's task was to report whether the target letter was the same as the letter displayed concurrently at the central fixation region (i.e., divided attention task). Over the trials, a plot of the proportion correct for letter recognition versus target location was constructed, resulting in a visual field map. Results The results obtained from three subject groups—normal young adults, normal older adults, and patients with glaucoma—showed that on average the central 20° visual field was relatively robust to uncrowded target recognition under divided attention. However, the FFV shrunk down to the central 10° visual field when the target appeared in clutter, suggesting a strong crowding effect on FFV. An additional shrinkage of the FFV occurred in the presence of aging and glaucoma. Conclusions Using a quantitative method, we demonstrate that crowding, aging, and glaucoma independently decrease the spatial extent of FFV under divided attention and that crowding seems to be the major contributor limiting FFV. Translational Relevance Our FFV test may complement standard clinical measurements by providing functionally relevant visual field information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foroogh Shamsi
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | | | - MiYoung Kwon
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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70
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Mossad O, Nent E, Woltemate S, Folschweiller S, Buescher JM, Schnepf D, Erny D, Staeheli P, Bartos M, Szalay A, Stecher B, Vital M, Sauer JF, Lämmermann T, Prinz M, Blank T. Microbiota-dependent increase in δ-valerobetaine alters neuronal function and is responsible for age-related cognitive decline. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:1127-1136. [PMID: 37117525 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physiological origins of age-related cognitive decline is of critical importance given the rising age of the world's population1. Previous work in animal models has established a strong link between cognitive performance and the microbiota2-5, and it is known that the microbiome undergoes profound remodeling in older adults6. Despite growing evidence for the association between age-related cognitive decline and changes in the gut microbiome, the mechanisms underlying such interactions between the brain and the gut are poorly understood. Here, using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), we demonstrate that age-related remodeling of the gut microbiota leads to decline in cognitive function in mice and that this impairment can be rescued by transplantation of microbiota from young animals. Moreover, using a metabolomic approach, we found elevated concentrations of δ-valerobetaine, a gut microbiota-derived metabolite, in the blood and brain of aged mice and older adults. We then demonstrated that δ-valerobetaine is deleterious to learning and memory processes in mice. At the neuronal level, we showed that δ-valerobetaine modulates inhibitory synaptic transmission and neuronal network activity. Finally, we identified specific bacterial taxa that significantly correlate with δ-valerobetaine levels in the brain. Based on our findings, we propose that δ-valerobetaine contributes to microbiota-driven brain aging and that the associated mechanisms represent a promising target for countering age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Mossad
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elisa Nent
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Woltemate
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shani Folschweiller
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joerg M Buescher
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schnepf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Erny
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Bartos
- Institute of Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Bärbel Stecher
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marius Vital
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jonas F Sauer
- Institute of Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Blank
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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71
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Zhang X, Huang N, Xiao L, Wang F, Li T. Replenishing the Aged Brains: Targeting Oligodendrocytes and Myelination? Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:760200. [PMID: 34899272 PMCID: PMC8656359 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.760200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging affects almost all the aspects of brain functions, but the mechanisms remain largely undefined. Increasing number of literatures have manifested the important role of glial cells in regulating the aging process. Oligodendroglial lineage cell is a major type of glia in central nervous system (CNS), composed of mature oligodendrocytes (OLs), and oligodendroglia precursor cells (OPCs). OLs produce myelin sheaths that insulate axons and provide metabolic support to meet the energy demand. OPCs maintain the population throughout lifetime with the abilities to proliferate and differentiate into OLs. Increasing evidence has shown that oligodendroglial cells display active dynamics in adult and aging CNS, which is extensively involved in age-related brain function decline in the elderly. In this review, we summarized present knowledge about dynamic changes of oligodendroglial lineage cells during normal aging and discussed their potential roles in age-related functional decline. Especially, focused on declined myelinogenesis during aging and underlying mechanisms. Clarifying those oligodendroglial changes and their effects on neurofunctional decline may provide new insights in understanding aging associated brain function declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Nanxin Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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72
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Yao ZF, Hsieh S. Age Differences of the Hierarchical Cognitive Control and the Frontal Rostro-Caudal Functional Brain Activation. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:2797-2815. [PMID: 34727188 PMCID: PMC9247418 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related differences in the functional hierarchical organization of the frontal lobe remain unclear. We adopted task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate age differences in the functional hierarchical organization of the frontal lobe. Behavioral results report both reaction time and efficiency declined as the levels of abstraction increased in the selection of a set of stimulus–response mappings in older adults compared with young adults. fMRI findings suggest trends of the hierarchical organization along the rostro–caudal axis in both groups, and brain–behavior correlation further suggests neural dedifferentiation in older adults when performing at the highest level of control demands experiment. Behavioral performances and age difference overactivations at the highest level of control demands were both associated with working memory capacity, suggesting the working memory capacity is important for processing the highest task demands. Region-of-interest analysis revealed age differences in brain overactivation and common activation across experiments in the primary motor cortex, parietal lobule, and the fusiform gyrus may serve as shared mechanisms underlying tasks that are required for the selection of stimulus–response mapping sets. Overall, older adults reflect maladaptive overactivation in task-irrelevant regions that are detrimental to performance with the highest control demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Fu Yao
- Brain and Cognition, Psychology Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Graduate Institute of Sports Training, College of Kinesiology, Tianmu Campus, University of Taipei, Taipei City 11153, Taiwan
| | - Shulan Hsieh
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan.,Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
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73
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Kunzler MR, Carpes FP. Moderate intensity cycling combined with cognitive dual-task improves selective attention. Int J Sports Med 2021; 43:545-552. [PMID: 34729731 DOI: 10.1055/a-1684-9151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Physical and cognitive exercises have positive long-term effects on cognitive capacities. However, acute effects still are controversial. Here we determine the acute effects of physical exercise combined with concurrent cognitive exercise on cognitive performance in young adults. Simple reaction time, selective attention, and memory were evaluated in 23 young men before and after 30 min of stationary cycling exercise, 30 min of stationary cycling exercise combined with cognitive exercise, and 30 min of rest. Exercise intensity was continuously controlled to ensure exercise at moderate intensity. We found that physical exercise combined with cognitive dual-task improves selective attention. Both exercise conditions showed similar effects on simple reaction time, and memory was not affected by the different exercise conditions. We conclude that the combination of cycling exercise at moderate intensity with a cognitive exercise acutely improves selective attention in young adults. These results can be of particular interest for interventions aiming at improving selective attention in sports and for older adults and individuals with difficulty to suppress and filter out task-irrelevant information, like when receiving instruction or learning a new task or concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto Kunzler
- Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Federal University of Pampa - Uruguaiana Campus, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Felipe P Carpes
- Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Federal University of Pampa - Uruguaiana Campus, Uruguaiana, Brazil
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74
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Riemer M, Wolbers T, van Rijn H. Age-related changes in time perception: The impact of naturalistic environments and retrospective judgements on timing performance. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2021; 74:2002-2012. [PMID: 34024221 PMCID: PMC8450996 DOI: 10.1177/17470218211023362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reduced timing abilities have been reported in older adults and are associated with pathological cognitive decline. However, time perception experiments often lack ecological validity. Especially the reduced complexity of experimental stimuli and the participants' awareness of the time-related nature of the task can influence lab-assessed timing performance and thereby conceal age-related differences. An approximation of more naturalistic paradigms can provide important information about age-related changes in timing abilities. To determine the impact of higher ecological validity on timing experiments, we implemented a paradigm that allowed us to test (1) the effect of embedding the to-be-timed stimuli within a naturalistic visual scene and (2) the effect of retrospective time judgements, which are more common in real life than prospective judgements. The results show that compared with out-of-context stimuli, younger adults benefit from a naturalistic embedding of stimuli (reflected in higher precision and less errors), whereas the performance of older adults is reduced when confronted with naturalistic stimuli. Differences between retrospective and prospective time judgements were not modulated by age. We conclude that, potentially driven by difficulties in suppressing temporally irrelevant environmental information, the contextual embedding of naturalistic stimuli can affect the degree to which age influences the performance in time perception tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Riemer
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Aging & Cognition Research Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wolbers
- Aging & Cognition Research Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hedderik van Rijn
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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75
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Jantz TK, Festini SB, Reuter-Lorenz PA. Failing to forget? Evidence for both impaired and preserved working memory control in older adults. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2021; 28:884-906. [PMID: 33141653 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2020.1839012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Voluntary forgetting is accomplished via top-down control over memory contents. Age-related declines in cognitive control may compromise voluntary forgetting. Using a working-memory variant of a directed forgetting task, we examined age differences in forgetting efficacy by analyzing direct measures of memory accuracy and two indirect measures of retention: proactive interference and semantic distortions. The directed forgetting effect in long-term memory was virtually absent in older adults. Further, compared to young adults, older adults recognized fewer to-be-remembered and more to-be-forgotten items in working memory. However, indirect measures of forgetting efficacy suggest some spared ability to control working memory contents in older adults: Both young and older adult participants exhibited reduced proactive interference for to-be-forgotten words (Experiment 1) and reduced semantic errors to to-be-forgotten list associates (Experiment 2) in working memory. Indirect memory measures of forgetting efficacy can provide a fuller understanding of spared and impaired control processes in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany K Jantz
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sara B Festini
- Department of Psychology, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
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76
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Hermann P, Weiss B, Knakker B, Madurka P, Manga A, Nárai Á, Vidnyánszky Z. Neural basis of distractor resistance during visual working memory maintenance. Neuroimage 2021; 245:118650. [PMID: 34687860 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual working memory representations must be protected from the intervening irrelevant visual input. While it is well known that interference resistance is most challenging when distractors match the prioritised mnemonic information, its neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we identify two top-down attentional control processes that have opposing effects on distractor resistance. We reveal an early selection negativity in the EEG responses to matching as compared to non-matching distractors, the magnitude of which is negatively associated with behavioural distractor resistance. Additionally, matching distractors lead to reduced post-stimulus alpha power as well as increased fMRI responses in the object-selective visual cortical areas and the inferior frontal gyrus. However, the congruency effect found on the post-stimulus periodic alpha power and the inferior frontal gyrus fMRI responses show a positive association with distractor resistance. These findings suggest that distractor interference is enhanced by proactive memory content-guided selection processes and diminished by reactive allocation of top-down attentional resources to protect memorandum representations within visual cortical areas retaining the most selective mnemonic code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hermann
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Béla Weiss
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Balázs Knakker
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Petra Madurka
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Annamária Manga
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Ádám Nárai
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Vidnyánszky
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
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77
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Karagiorgis AT, Chalas N, Karagianni M, Papadelis G, Vivas AB, Bamidis P, Paraskevopoulos E. Computerized Music-Reading Intervention Improves Resistance to Unisensory Distraction Within a Multisensory Task, in Young and Older Adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:742607. [PMID: 34566611 PMCID: PMC8461100 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.742607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Incoming information from multiple sensory channels compete for attention. Processing the relevant ones and ignoring distractors, while at the same time monitoring the environment for potential threats, is crucial for survival, throughout the lifespan. However, sensory and cognitive mechanisms often decline in aging populations, making them more susceptible to distraction. Previous interventions in older adults have successfully improved resistance to distraction, but the inclusion of multisensory integration, with its unique properties in attentional capture, in the training protocol is underexplored. Here, we studied whether, and how, a 4-week intervention, which targets audiovisual integration, affects the ability to deal with task-irrelevant unisensory deviants within a multisensory task. Musically naïve participants engaged in a computerized music reading game and were asked to detect audiovisual incongruences between the pitch of a song's melody and the position of a disk on the screen, similar to a simplistic music staff. The effects of the intervention were evaluated via behavioral and EEG measurements in young and older adults. Behavioral findings include the absence of age-related differences in distraction and the indirect improvement of performance due to the intervention, seen as an amelioration of response bias. An asymmetry between the effects of auditory and visual deviants was identified and attributed to modality dominance. The electroencephalographic results showed that both groups shared an increase in activation strength after training, when processing auditory deviants, located in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. A functional connectivity analysis revealed that only young adults improved flow of information, in a network comprised of a fronto-parietal subnetwork and a multisensory temporal area. Overall, both behavioral measures and neurophysiological findings suggest that the intervention was indirectly successful, driving a shift in response strategy in the cognitive domain and higher-level or multisensory brain areas, and leaving lower level unisensory processing unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros T Karagiorgis
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,School of Music Studies, Faculty of Fine Arts, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolas Chalas
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maria Karagianni
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Papadelis
- School of Music Studies, Faculty of Fine Arts, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ana B Vivas
- Department of Psychology, CITY College, University of York Europe Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Bamidis
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Paraskevopoulos
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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78
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Thuwal K, Banerjee A, Roy D. Aperiodic and Periodic Components of Ongoing Oscillatory Brain Dynamics Link Distinct Functional Aspects of Cognition across Adult Lifespan. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0224-21.2021. [PMID: 34544762 PMCID: PMC8547598 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0224-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transmission in the brain propagates via distinct oscillatory frequency bands but the aperiodic component, 1/f activity, almost always co-exists which most of the previous studies have not sufficiently taken into consideration. We used a recently proposed parameterization model that delimits the oscillatory and aperiodic components of neural dynamics on lifespan aging data collected from human participants using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Since healthy aging underlines an enormous change in local tissue properties, any systematic relationship of 1/f activity would highlight their impact on the self-organized critical functional states. Furthermore, we have used patterns of correlation between aperiodic background and metrics of behavior to understand the domain general effects of 1/f activity. We suggest that age-associated global change in 1/f baseline alters the functional critical states of the brain affecting the global information processing impacting critically all aspects of cognition, e.g., metacognitive awareness, speed of retrieval of memory, cognitive load, and accuracy of recall through adult lifespan. This alteration in 1/f crucially impacts the oscillatory features peak frequency (PF) and band power ratio, which relates to more local processing and selective functional aspects of cognitive processing during the visual short-term memory (VSTM) task. In summary, this study leveraging on big lifespan data for the first time tracks the cross-sectional lifespan-associated periodic and aperiodic dynamical changes in the resting state to demonstrate how normative patterns of 1/f activity, PF, and band ratio (BR) measures provide distinct functional insights about the cognitive decline through adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Thuwal
- Cognitive Brain Dynamics Lab, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana 122052, India
| | - Arpan Banerjee
- Cognitive Brain Dynamics Lab, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana 122052, India
| | - Dipanjan Roy
- Cognitive Brain Dynamics Lab, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana 122052, India
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79
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Casagrande M, Agostini F, Favieri F, Forte G, Giovannoli J, Guarino A, Marotta A, Doricchi F, Martella D. Age-Related Changes in Hemispherical Specialization for Attentional Networks. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1115. [PMID: 34573137 PMCID: PMC8467709 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cognitive functions face a decline in the healthy elderly. Within the cognitive domains, both attentional processes and executive functions are impaired with aging. Attention includes three attentional networks, i.e., alerting, orienting, and executive control, showing a hemispheric lateralized pattern in adults. This lateralized pattern could play a role in modulating the efficiency of attentional networks. For these reasons, it could be relevant to analyze the age-related change of the hemispheric specialization of attentional networks. This study aims to clarify this aspect with a lateralized version of the Attentional Network Test for Interaction (ANTI)-Fruit. One hundred seventy-one participants took part in this study. They were divided in three age groups: youth (N = 57; range: 20-30); adults (N = 57; range 31-64), and elderly/older people (N = 57; range: 65-87). The results confirmed the previous outcomes on the efficiency and interactions among attentional networks. Moreover, an age-related generalized slowness was evidenced. These findings also support the hypothesis of a hemispheric asymmetry reduction in elderly/older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Casagrande
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Dinamica, Clinica e Salute, Università di Roma Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Agostini
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Roma Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.A.); (F.F.); (G.F.); (J.G.); (A.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Francesca Favieri
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Roma Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.A.); (F.F.); (G.F.); (J.G.); (A.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Forte
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Roma Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.A.); (F.F.); (G.F.); (J.G.); (A.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Jasmine Giovannoli
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Roma Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.A.); (F.F.); (G.F.); (J.G.); (A.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Angela Guarino
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Roma Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.A.); (F.F.); (G.F.); (J.G.); (A.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Andrea Marotta
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, 53005 Granada, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Doricchi
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Roma Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (F.A.); (F.F.); (G.F.); (J.G.); (A.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Diana Martella
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Instituto de Estudios Sociales y Humanísticos, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile
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80
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Hadar L, Trope Y, Ben-David BM. Aging Impairs Inhibitory Control Over Incidental Cues: A Construal-Level Perspective. Psychol Sci 2021; 32:1442-1451. [PMID: 34383576 DOI: 10.1177/0956797621998316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in decision making have been attributed to deterioration of cognitive skills, such as learning and memory. On the basis of past research showing age-related decreases in the ability to inhibit irrelevant information, we hypothesize that these changes occur, in part, because of older adults' tendency to give more weight to low-level, subordinate, and goal-irrelevant information than younger adults do. Consistent with this hypothesis, our findings demonstrated that young adults are willing to pay more for a product with superior end attributes than a product with superior means attributes (Study 1, N = 200) and are more satisfied after an experience with superior end than means attributes (Study 2, N = 399). Young adults are also more satisfied with a goal-relevant than with a goal-irrelevant product (Study 3, N = 201; Study 4, N = 200, preregistered). Importantly, these effects were attenuated with age. Implications for research on construal level and aging, as well as implications for policymakers, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Hadar
- Coller School of Management, Tel Aviv University
| | | | - Boaz M Ben-David
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya.,Department of Speech Language Pathology, University of Toronto.,Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Networks, Ontario, Canada
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81
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McPherson BC, Pestilli F. A single mode of population covariation associates brain networks structure and behavior and predicts individual subjects' age. Commun Biol 2021; 4:943. [PMID: 34354185 PMCID: PMC8342440 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple human behaviors improve early in life, peaking in young adulthood, and declining thereafter. Several properties of brain structure and function progress similarly across the lifespan. Cognitive and neuroscience research has approached aging primarily using associations between a few behaviors, brain functions, and structures. Because of this, the multivariate, global factors relating brain and behavior across the lifespan are not well understood. We investigated the global patterns of associations between 334 behavioral and clinical measures and 376 brain structural connections in 594 individuals across the lifespan. A single-axis associated changes in multiple behavioral domains and brain structural connections (r = 0.5808). Individual variability within the single association axis well predicted the age of the subject (r = 0.6275). Representational similarity analysis evidenced global patterns of interactions across multiple brain network systems and behavioral domains. Results show that global processes of human aging can be well captured by a multivariate data fusion approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent C McPherson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Franco Pestilli
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA.
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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82
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Yamaya N, Tsuchiya K, Takizawa I, Shimoda K, Kitazawa K, Tozato F. Effect of one-session focused attention meditation on the working memory capacity of meditation novices: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2288. [PMID: 34343414 PMCID: PMC8413779 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have revealed that one-session focused attention meditation (FAM) can improve top-down attention control, which is one of the factors of working memory capacity (WMC). In addition, FAM shares various neural substrates, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), with WMC. Thus, we hypothesized that one-session FAM would improve WMC by activating the DLPFC evoked by the top-down attention control. In this study, we examined whether FAM modified WMC in individuals with little to no meditation experience. METHODS The participants were randomly assigned to either the FAM group (N = 13) or the control group (N = 17) who engaged in random thinking (i.e., mind-wandering). Before and after each 15-min intervention, the participants' WMC was measured according to the total number of correct answers in the Reading Span Test. During each intervention, functional near-infrared spectroscopy was employed to measure the blood flow in the participants' DLPFC and determine the top-down attention control effect. RESULTS In the FAM group, WMC increased, and the bilateral DLPFC was activated during the intervention. As for the control group, WMC decreased after the intervention, and the bilateral DLPFC was not activated during the intervention. A correlation was also found among all participants between the increase in WMC and the activation of the bilateral DLPFC. CONCLUSION The study findings suggest that top-down attention control during FAM can activate the bilateral DLPFC and increase WMC among meditation novices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriki Yamaya
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of MedicineGunma UniversityMaebashiJapan
| | - Kenji Tsuchiya
- Department of Rehabilitation SciencesGunma University Graduate School of Health SciencesMaebashiJapan
| | - Ibuki Takizawa
- Department of Occupational TherapyUmayabashi HospitalMaebashiJapan
| | - Kaori Shimoda
- Department of Rehabilitation SciencesGunma University Graduate School of Health SciencesMaebashiJapan
| | - Kazuki Kitazawa
- Department of Occupational TherapyGeriatrics Institute and HospitalMaebashiJapan
| | - Fusae Tozato
- Department of Health SciencesNagano University of Health and MedicineNaganoJapan
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83
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Modulation of Working Memory and Resting-State fMRI by tDCS of the Right Frontoparietal Network. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:5594305. [PMID: 34349797 PMCID: PMC8328716 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5594305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cognitive functions, including working memory, are processed within large-scale brain networks. We targeted the right frontoparietal network (FPN) with one session of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in an attempt to modulate the cognitive speed of a visual working memory task (WMT) in 27 young healthy subjects using a double-blind crossover design. We further explored the neural underpinnings of induced changes by performing resting-state fMRI prior to and immediately after each stimulation session with the main focus on the interaction between a task-positive FPN and a task-negative default mode network (DMN). Twenty minutes of 2 mA anodal tDCS was superior to sham stimulation in terms of cognitive speed manipulation of a subtask with processing of objects and tools in unconventional views (i.e., the higher cognitive load subtask of the offline WMT). This result was linked to the magnitude of resting-state functional connectivity decreases between the stimulated FPN seed and DMN seeds. We provide the first evidence for the action reappraisal mechanism of object and tool processing. Modulation of cognitive speed of the task by tDCS was reflected by FPN-DMN cross-talk changes.
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84
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Thompson L, Khuc J, Saccani MS, Zokaei N, Cappelletti M. Gamma oscillations modulate working memory recall precision. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:2711-2724. [PMID: 34223958 PMCID: PMC8448714 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Working memory (WM)—the ability to keep information in mind for short periods of time—is linked to attention and inhibitory abilities, i.e., the capacity to ignore task-irrelevant information. These abilities have been associated with brain oscillations, especially parietal gamma and alpha bands, but it is yet unknown whether these oscillations also modulate attention and inhibitory abilities. To test this, we compared parietal gamma-transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to alpha-tACS and to a non-stimulation condition (Sham) in 51 young participants. Stimulation was coupled with a WM task probing memory-based attention and inhibitory abilities by means of probabilistic retrospective cues, including informative (valid), uninformative (invalid) and neutral. Our results show that relative to alpha and sham stimulation, parietal gamma-tACS significantly increased working memory recall precision. Additional post hoc analyses also revealed strong individual variability before and following stimulation; low-baseline performers showed no significant changes in performance following both gamma and alpha-tACS relative to sham. In contrast, in high-baseline performers gamma- (but not alpha) tACS selectively and significantly improved misbinding-feature errors as well as memory precision, particularly in uninformative (invalid) cues which rely more strongly on attentional abilities. We concluded that parietal gamma oscillations, therefore, modulate working memory recall processes, although baseline performance may further influence the effect of stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyall Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, Lewisham Way, London, SE14 6NW, UK
| | - Janine Khuc
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, Lewisham Way, London, SE14 6NW, UK
| | - Maria Silvia Saccani
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, Lewisham Way, London, SE14 6NW, UK
| | - Nahid Zokaei
- Department of Experimental Psychology, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Marinella Cappelletti
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, Lewisham Way, London, SE14 6NW, UK. .,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK.
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85
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Jobson DD, Hase Y, Clarkson AN, Kalaria RN. The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in cognition, ageing and dementia. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab125. [PMID: 34222873 PMCID: PMC8249104 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans require a plethora of higher cognitive skills to perform executive functions, such as reasoning, planning, language and social interactions, which are regulated predominantly by the prefrontal cortex. The prefrontal cortex comprises the lateral, medial and orbitofrontal regions. In higher primates, the lateral prefrontal cortex is further separated into the respective dorsal and ventral subregions. However, all these regions have variably been implicated in several fronto-subcortical circuits. Dysfunction of these circuits has been highlighted in vascular and other neurocognitive disorders. Recent advances suggest the medial prefrontal cortex plays an important regulatory role in numerous cognitive functions, including attention, inhibitory control, habit formation and working, spatial or long-term memory. The medial prefrontal cortex appears highly interconnected with subcortical regions (thalamus, amygdala and hippocampus) and exerts top-down executive control over various cognitive domains and stimuli. Much of our knowledge comes from rodent models using precise lesions and electrophysiology readouts from specific medial prefrontal cortex locations. Although, anatomical disparities of the rodent medial prefrontal cortex compared to the primate homologue are apparent, current rodent models have effectively implicated the medial prefrontal cortex as a neural substrate of cognitive decline within ageing and dementia. Human brain connectivity-based neuroimaging has demonstrated that large-scale medial prefrontal cortex networks, such as the default mode network, are equally important for cognition. However, there is little consensus on how medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity specifically changes during brain pathological states. In context with previous work in rodents and non-human primates, we attempt to convey a consensus on the current understanding of the role of predominantly the medial prefrontal cortex and its functional connectivity measured by resting-state functional MRI in ageing associated disorders, including prodromal dementia states, Alzheimer's disease, post-ischaemic stroke, Parkinsonism and frontotemporal dementia. Previous cross-sectional studies suggest that medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity abnormalities are consistently found in the default mode network across both ageing and neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment. Distinct disease-specific patterns of medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity alterations within specific large-scale networks appear to consistently feature in the default mode network, whilst detrimental connectivity alterations are associated with cognitive impairments independently from structural pathological aberrations, such as grey matter atrophy. These disease-specific patterns of medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity also precede structural pathological changes and may be driven by ageing-related vascular mechanisms. The default mode network supports utility as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for dementia-associated conditions. Yet, these associations still require validation in longitudinal studies using larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan D Jobson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute,
Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality,
Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Yoshiki Hase
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute,
Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality,
Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Andrew N Clarkson
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre
and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054,
New Zealand
| | - Rajesh N Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute,
Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality,
Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
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86
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Understanding the collinear masking effect in visual search through eye tracking. Psychon Bull Rev 2021; 28:1933-1943. [PMID: 34109536 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-021-01944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has reported that, while both orientation contrast and collinearity increase target salience in visual search, a combination of the two counterintuitively masks a local target. Through eye-tracking and eye-movement analysis with hidden Markov models (EMHMM), here we showed that this collinear masking effect was associated with reduced eye-fixation consistency (as measured in entropy) at the central fixation cross prior to the search display presentation. As a decreased precision of saccade landing position is shown to be related to attention shift away from the saccadic target, our result suggested that the collinear masking effect may be related to attention shift to a non-saccadic-goal location in expectation of the search display before saccading to the central fixation cross. This attention shift may consequently interfere with attention capture by the collinear distractor containing the target, resulting in the masking effect. In contrast, although older adults had longer response times, more dispersed eye-movement pattern, and lower eye-movement consistency than young adults during visual search, the two age groups did not differ in the masking effect, suggesting limited contribution from ageing-related cognitive decline. Thus, participants' pre-saccadic attention shift prior to search may be an important factor influencing their search behavior.
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87
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Reduced frontal white matter microstructure in healthy older adults with low tactile recognition performance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11689. [PMID: 34083614 PMCID: PMC8175740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90995-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging of the nervous system is a heterogeneous process. It remains a significant challenge to identify relevant markers of pathological and healthy brain aging. A central aspect of aging are decreased sensory acuities, especially because they correlate with the decline in higher cognitive functioning. Sensory and higher cognitive processing relies on information flow between distant brain areas. Aging leads to disintegration of the underlying white matter tracts. While this disintegration is assumed to contribute to higher cognitive decline, data linking structural integrity and sensory function are sparse. The investigation of their interrelation may provide valuable insight into the mechanisms of brain aging. We used a combined behavioral and neuroimaging approach and investigated to what extent changes in microstructural white matter integrity reflect performance declines in tactile pattern recognition with aging. Poor performance in older participants was related to decreased integrity in the anterior corpus callosum. Probabilistic tractography showed that this structure is connected to the prefrontal cortices. Our data point to decreased integrity in the anterior corpus callosum as a marker for advanced brain aging. The correlation between impaired tactile recognition and disintegration in frontal brain networks could provide an explanation why the decrease of sensory function predicts cognitive decline.
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88
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Nop O, Senft Miller A, Culver H, Makarewicz J, Dumas JA. Nicotine and Cognition in Cognitively Normal Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:640674. [PMID: 34025390 PMCID: PMC8131527 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.640674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic system has been shown to be the primary neurotransmitter system which is responsible for the cognitive symptoms associated with dementia; its role in healthy non-demented older adults remains a gap in the literature. Understanding the effects of age-related functional changes on the nicotinic system will address this knowledge gap. As the older adult population grows and hence the importance of understanding cognitive changes that impact functional abilities and everyday life. In this article we examine the benefits of using nicotine as a method for improving cognition in non-demented healthy older adults which may have the potential for slowing neurodegeneration in aging. Furthermore, we discuss how nicotine can play a crucial role in maintaining cognitive abilities throughout normal cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Nop
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Anna Senft Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Hannah Culver
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Jenna Makarewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Julie A Dumas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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89
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Wu SCJ, Jenkins LM, Apple AC, Petersen J, Xiao F, Wang L, Yang FPG. Longitudinal fMRI task reveals neural plasticity in default mode network with disrupted executive-default coupling and selective attention after traumatic brain injury. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:1638-1650. [PMID: 30937828 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Executive dysfunctions are common in individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). However, change in functional neural coupling of default and executive networks in the post-acute phase (≥ 1 month after injury) patients over time has yet to be understood. During a 5-week observation period, we examined changes in the goal-oriented executive function networks in 20 TBI participants, using a face/scene matching 1-back fMRI task (Chen et al. 2011). We conducted multivariate pattern analysis to assess working memory and visual selective attention, followed by a repeat-measures ANOVA to examine longitudinal changes, with a cluster FDR at p = .001. Results showed that task accuracy significantly improved after follow-up. Significantly increased activity patterns over time were observed in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right insula. Decreased activity patterns were seen in the left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), bilateral precuneus, right inferior occipital gyrus and right temporo-occipital junction. Improvement in task accuracy correlated with decreased activity patterns in the PCC (r = -0.478, p = 0.031) and temporo-occipital junction (r = -0.592, p = 0.006), which were interpreted as neural plastic changes. However, we did not observe the default mode network (DMN)-executive network decoupling during task performance that is found in other studies. These results suggest that fMRI of attentional task performance could serve as a potential biomarker for neural plasticity of selective attention in TBI patients in the post-acute phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Chin Jim Wu
- National Defense Medical Center, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lisanne M Jenkins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexandra C Apple
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie Petersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Furen Xiao
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fan-Pei Gloria Yang
- Center for Cognition & Mind Science, National Tsinghua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013.
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90
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Sikora-Wachowicz B, Keresztes A, Werkle-Bergner M, Lewandowska K, Marek T, Fafrowicz M. False recognitions in short-term memory - Age-differences in neural activity. Brain Cogn 2021; 151:105728. [PMID: 33882403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While the knowledge on age-related differences in susceptibility to episodic false memories is extensive, little is known about this phenomenon in visual short-term memory (STM). Our previous behavioural research indicated that older adults are more confident of their erroneous STM recognitions than young adults. However, unlike in episodic memory, we did not find support for older adults' higher rate of false alarms. To further understand this specific age-difference, here we investigated its neural correlates. First, the pattern of behavioural results replicated the one from our previous experiment. Second, younger adults, when compared to older adults, exhibited higher false recognition-related activity of the visual cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, the frontal operculum/insular cortex as well as regions within the anterior and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. No age-differences were observed in hippocampal activity. Third, younger but not older adults presented higher activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and the frontal operculum/insular cortex for false recognitions when compared to highly confident correct rejections. Finally, frontal activity was influenced by both the individuals' performance and their metacognitive abilities. The results suggest that age-related differences in confidence of STM false recognitions may arise from age-differences in performance monitoring and uncertainty processing rather than in hippocampal-mediated binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sikora-Wachowicz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza Street 4, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - A Keresztes
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Faculty of Education and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Kazinczy u. 23-27, 1075 Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Werkle-Bergner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Lewandowska
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza Street 4, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - T Marek
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza Street 4, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Fafrowicz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza Street 4, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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91
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Cognitive Aftereffects of Acute tDCS Coupled with Cognitive Training: An fMRI Study in Healthy Seniors. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:6664479. [PMID: 33953741 PMCID: PMC8057875 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6664479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing cognitive functions through noninvasive brain stimulation is of enormous public interest, particularly for the aging population in whom processes such as working memory are known to decline. In a randomized double-blind crossover study, we investigated the acute behavioral and neural aftereffects of bifrontal and frontoparietal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with visual working memory (VWM) training on 25 highly educated older adults. Resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) analysis was performed prior to and after each stimulation session with a focus on the frontoparietal control network (FPCN). The bifrontal montage with anode over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex enhanced VWM accuracy as compared to the sham stimulation. With the rs-FC within the FPCN, we observed significant stimulation × time interaction using bifrontal tDCS. We found no cognitive aftereffects of the frontoparietal tDCS compared to sham stimulation. Our study shows that a single bifrontal tDCS combined with cognitive training may enhance VWM performance and rs-FC within the relevant brain network even in highly educated older adults.
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92
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Srokova S, Hill PF, Elward RL, Rugg MD. Effects of age on goal-dependent modulation of episodic memory retrieval. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 102:73-88. [PMID: 33765433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Retrieval gating refers to the ability to modulate the retrieval of features of a single memory episode according to behavioral goals. Recent findings demonstrate that younger adults engage retrieval gating by attenuating the representation of task-irrelevant features of an episode. Here, we examine whether retrieval gating varies with age. Younger and older adults incidentally encoded words superimposed over scenes or scrambled backgrounds that were displayed in one of three spatial locations. Participants subsequently underwent fMRI as they completed two memory tasks: the background task, which tested memory for the word's background, and the location task, testing memory for the word's location. Employing univariate and multivariate approaches, we demonstrated that younger, but not older adults, exhibited attenuated reinstatement of scene information when it was goal-irrelevant (during the location task). Additionally, in younger adults only, the strength of scene reinstatement in the parahippocampal place area during the background task was related to item and source memory performance. Together, these findings point to an age-related decline in the ability to engage retrieval gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Srokova
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA; School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
| | - Paul F Hill
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA; School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Rachael L Elward
- School of Applied Sciences, Division of Psychology, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Michael D Rugg
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA; School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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93
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Boenniger MM, Diers K, Herholz SC, Shahid M, Stöcker T, Breteler MMB, Huijbers W. A Functional MRI Paradigm for Efficient Mapping of Memory Encoding Across Sensory Conditions. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 14:591721. [PMID: 33551773 PMCID: PMC7859438 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.591721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a new and time-efficient memory-encoding paradigm for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This paradigm is optimized for mapping multiple contrasts using a mixed design, using auditory (environmental/vocal) and visual (scene/face) stimuli. We demonstrate that the paradigm evokes robust neuronal activity in typical sensory and memory networks. We were able to detect auditory and visual sensory-specific encoding activities in auditory and visual cortices. Also, we detected stimulus-selective activation in environmental-, voice-, scene-, and face-selective brain regions (parahippocampal place and fusiform face area). A subsequent recognition task allowed the detection of sensory-specific encoding success activity (ESA) in both auditory and visual cortices, as well as sensory-unspecific positive ESA in the hippocampus. Further, sensory-unspecific negative ESA was observed in the precuneus. Among others, the parallel mixed design enabled sustained and transient activity comparison in contrast to rest blocks. Sustained and transient activations showed great overlap in most sensory brain regions, whereas several regions, typically associated with the default-mode network, showed transient rather than sustained deactivation. We also show that the use of a parallel mixed model had relatively little influence on positive or negative ESA. Together, these results demonstrate a feasible, versatile, and brief memory-encoding task, which includes multiple sensory stimuli to guarantee a comprehensive measurement. This task is especially suitable for large-scale clinical or population studies, which aim to test task-evoked sensory-specific and sensory-unspecific memory-encoding performance as well as broad sensory activity across the life span within a very limited time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meta M. Boenniger
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Kersten Diers
- Image Analysis Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sibylle C. Herholz
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- MR Physics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Monique M. B. Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Willem Huijbers
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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94
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Gaál ZA, Nagy B, File D, Czigler I. Older Adults Encode Task-Irrelevant Stimuli, but Can This Side-Effect be Useful to Them? Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:569614. [PMID: 33328927 PMCID: PMC7673423 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.569614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied whether, due to deteriorating inhibitory functions, older people are more likely to process irrelevant stimuli; and if so, could they later use this information better than young adults. In the study phase of our experiment, a Posner-type gaze-cued version of a Simon task was performed in which we presented task-irrelevant cues, where faces or patches with either left- or right-looking dots for the pupil of the eye preceded the task to press a button congruent or incongruent with the presentation side of the target stimulus. In the follow-up test phase, participants completed an unexpected facial recognition test. In the study phase not only a decreased P1, but also an increased N170 amplitude of the event-related potentials (ERPs) were found in older, compared to younger adults, and also for faces compared to patches. Even though in the test phase both age-groups could recognize the faces better than statistically by chance, neither the older nor the younger participants could discriminate them effectively. The late positive component (LPC)—the ERP correlates of the old/new effect, being the higher amplitude for the earlier presented stimuli when compared with the unseen stimuli during the recognition test—was not evolved in the older group, while a reversed old/new effect was seen in younger participants: higher amplitude was found in New-Right and Old-Wrong conditions (for faces they did not recognize independent of seeing them before) compared to Old-Right and New-Wrong conditions (for faces they thought they recognized from the study phase). In conclusion, although older adults showed enhanced processing of task-irrelevant stimuli compared to younger adults, as indicated by the N170 amplitude, however, they were not able to utilize this information in a later task, as was suggested by the recognition rate and LPC amplitude results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Anna Gaál
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Nagy
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Psychology (Cognitive Science), Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domonkos File
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Czigler
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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95
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Learning by task repetition enhances object individuation and memorization in the elderly. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19957. [PMID: 33203888 PMCID: PMC7673120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A decline in visuospatial Working Memory (vWM) is a hallmark of cognitive aging across various tasks, and facing this decline has become the target of several studies. In the current study we tested whether older adults can benefit from task repetition in order to improve their performance in a vWM task. While learning by task repetition has been shown to improve vWM performance in young adulthood, little is known on whether a similar enhancement can be achieved also by the aging population. By combining different behavioral and electrophysiological measures, we investigated whether practicing a specific task (delayed match-to-sample judgement) over four consecutive sessions could improve vWM in healthy aging, and which are the neurophysiological and cognitive mechanisms modulated by learning. Behavioral data revealed that task repetition boosted performance in older participants, both in terms of sensitivity to change (as revealed by d’ measures) as well as capacity estimate (as measured by k values). At the electrophysiological level, results indicated that only after task repetition both target individuation (as evidenced by the N2pc) and vWM maintenance (as reflected by the CDA) were modulated by target numerosity. Our results suggest that repetition learning is effective in enhancing vWM in aging and acts through modifications at different stages of stimulus processing.
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96
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Rienäcker F, Van Gerven PWM, Jacobs HIL, Eck J, Van Heugten CM, Guerreiro MJS. The Neural Correlates of Visual and Auditory Cross-Modal Selective Attention in Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:498978. [PMID: 33304265 PMCID: PMC7693624 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.498978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related deficits in selective attention have been demonstrated to depend on the sensory modality through which targets and distractors are presented. Some of these investigations suggest a specific impairment of cross-modal auditory selective attention. For the first time, this study is taking on a whole brain approach while including a passive perception baseline, to investigate the neural underpinnings of selective attention across age groups, and taking the sensory modality of relevant and irrelevant (i.e., distracting) stimuli into account. Sixteen younger (mean age = 23.3 years) and 14 older (mean age = 65.3 years), healthy participants performed a series of delayed match-to-sample tasks, in which participants had to selectively attend to visual stimuli, selectively attend to auditory stimuli, or passively view and hear both types of stimuli, while undergoing 3T fMRI. The imaging analyses showed that areas recruited by cross-modal visual and auditory selective attention in both age groups included parts of the dorsal attention and frontoparietal control networks (i.e., intraparietal sulcus, insula, fusiform gyrus, anterior cingulate, and inferior frontal cortex). Most importantly, activation throughout the brain did not differ across age groups, suggesting intact brain function during cross-modal selective attention in older adults. Moreover, stronger brain activation during cross-modal visual vs. cross-modal auditory selective attention was found in both age groups, which is consistent with earlier accounts of visual dominance. In conclusion, these results do not support the hypothesized age-related deficit of cross-modal auditory selective attention. Instead, they suggest that the underlying neural correlates of cross-modal selective attention are similar in younger and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Rienäcker
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Pascal W M Van Gerven
- Department of Educational Development and Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Health Professions Education (SHE), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Judith Eck
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Caroline M Van Heugten
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Maria J S Guerreiro
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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97
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Pläschke RN, Patil KR, Cieslik EC, Nostro AD, Varikuti DP, Plachti A, Lösche P, Hoffstaedter F, Kalenscher T, Langner R, Eickhoff SB. Age differences in predicting working memory performance from network-based functional connectivity. Cortex 2020; 132:441-459. [PMID: 33065515 PMCID: PMC7778730 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Deterioration in working memory capacity (WMC) has been associated with normal aging, but it remains unknown how age affects the relationship between WMC and connectivity within functional brain networks. We therefore examined the predictability of WMC from fMRI-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within eight meta-analytically defined functional brain networks and the connectome in young and old adults using relevance vector machine in a robust cross-validation scheme. Particular brain networks have been associated with mental functions linked to WMC to a varying degree and are associated with age-related differences in performance. Comparing prediction performance between the young and old sample revealed age-specific effects: In young adults, we found a general unpredictability of WMC from RSFC in networks subserving WM, cognitive action control, vigilant attention, theory-of-mind cognition, and semantic memory, whereas in older adults each network significantly predicted WMC. Moreover, both WM-related and WM-unrelated networks were differently predictive in older adults with low versus high WMC. These results indicate that the within-network functional coupling during task-free states is specifically related to individual task performance in advanced age, suggesting neural-level reorganization. In particular, our findings support the notion of a decreased segregation of functional brain networks, deterioration of network integrity within different networks and/or compensation by reorganization as factors driving associations between individual WMC and within-network RSFC in older adults. Thus, using multivariate pattern regression provided novel insights into age-related brain reorganization by linking cognitive capacity to brain network integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Pläschke
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Kaustubh R Patil
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Edna C Cieslik
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alessandra D Nostro
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Deepthi P Varikuti
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Anna Plachti
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Patrick Lösche
- Leibniz Institute for International Educational Research (DIPF), Centre for Research on Human Development and Education, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias Kalenscher
- Comparative Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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98
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Cloutier A, Fernandez NB, Houde-Archambault C, Gosselin N. Effect of Background Music on Attentional Control in Older and Young Adults. Front Psychol 2020; 11:557225. [PMID: 33192813 PMCID: PMC7606979 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.557225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging may be accompanied by cognitive decline that includes diminished attentional control, an executive function that allows us to focus our attention while inhibiting distractors. Previous studies have demonstrated that background music can enhance some executive functions in both young and older adults. According to the Arousal-Mood Theory, the beneficial influence of background music on cognitive performance would be related to its ability to increase the arousal level of the listeners and to improve their mood. Consequently, stimulating and pleasant music might enhance attentional control. Therefore, the aims of this study were (1) to determine if the influence of background music, and more specifically its arousal level, might improve attentional control in older adults and (2) whether this effect is similar across older and young adults. Older and young adults performed a visuo-spatial flanker task during three auditory conditions: stimulating music, relaxing music, and silence. Participants had to indicate as fast and as accurately as possible the direction of a central arrow, which was flanked by congruent or incongruent arrows. As expected, reaction times were slower for the incongruent compared to congruent trials. Interestingly, this difference was significantly greater under the relaxing music condition compared to other auditory conditions. This effect was the same across both age groups. In conclusion, relaxing music seems to interfere with visuo-spatial attentional control compared to stimulating music and silence, regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Cloutier
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM) and Laboratory for Music, Emotions and Cognition Research (MUSEC), Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Natalia B. Fernandez
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition (LabNIC) and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences (CISA), Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (CANEURO), Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Houde-Archambault
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM) and Laboratory for Music, Emotions and Cognition Research (MUSEC), Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Gosselin
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM) and Laboratory for Music, Emotions and Cognition Research (MUSEC), Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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99
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Abstract
The decline of working memory (WM) is a common feature of general cognitive decline, and visual and verbal WM capacity appear to decline at different rates with age. Visual material may be remembered via verbal codes or visual traces, or both. Souza and Skóra, Cognition, 166, 277-297 (2017) found that labeling boosted memory in younger adults by activating categorical visual long-term memory (LTM) knowledge. Here, we replicated this and tested whether it held in healthy older adults. We compared performance in silence, under instructed overt labeling (participants were asked to say color names out loud), and articulatory suppression (repeating irrelevant syllables to prevent labeling) in the delayed estimation paradigm. Overt labeling improved memory performance in both age groups. However, comparing the effect of overt labeling and suppression on the number of coarse, categorical representations in the two age groups suggested that older adults used verbal labels subvocally more than younger adults, when performing the task in silence. Older adults also appeared to benefit from labels differently than younger adults. In younger adults labeling appeared to improve visual, continuous memory, suggesting that labels activated visual LTM representations. However, for older adults, labels did not appear to enhance visual, continuous representations, but instead boosted memory via additional verbal (categorical) memory traces. These results challenged the assumption that visual memory paradigms measure the same cognitive ability in younger and older adults, and highlighted the importance of controlling differences in age-related strategic preferences in visual memory tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Forsberg
- The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Department of Psychological Sciences, The University of Missouri, University of Missouri-Columbia, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211-2500, USA.
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100
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Ashinoff BK, Mayhew SD, Mevorach C. The same, but different: Preserved distractor suppression in old age is implemented through an age-specific reactive ventral fronto-parietal network. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3938-3955. [PMID: 32573907 PMCID: PMC7469802 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown age-related impairments in the ability to suppress salient distractors. One possibility is that this is mediated by age-related impairments in the recruitment of the left intraparietal sulcus (Left IPS), which has been shown to mediate the suppression of salient distractors in healthy, young participants. Alternatively, this effect may be due to a shift in engagement from proactive control to reactive control, possibly to compensate for age-related impairments in proactive control. Another possibility is that this is due to changes in the functional specificity of brain regions that mediate salience suppression, expressed in changes in spontaneous connectivity of these regions. We assessed these possibilities by having participants engage in a proactive distractor suppression task while in an fMRI scanner. Although we did not find any age-related differences in behavior, the young (N = 15) and older (N = 15) cohorts engaged qualitatively distinctive brain networks to complete the task. Younger participants engaged the predicted proactive control network, including the Left IPS. On the other hand, older participants simultaneously engaged both a proactive and a reactive network, but this was not a consequence of reduced network specificity as resting state functional connectivity was largely comparable in both age groups. Furthermore, improved behavioral performance for older adults was associated with increased resting state functional connectivity between these two networks. Overall, the results of this study suggest that age-related differences in the recruitment of a left lateralized ventral fronto-parietal network likely reflect the specific recruitment of reactive control mechanisms for distractor inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon K. Ashinoff
- Centre for Human Brain Health (CHBH), School of PsychologyUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonUK
| | - Stephen D. Mayhew
- Centre for Human Brain Health (CHBH), School of PsychologyUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonUK
| | - Carmel Mevorach
- Centre for Human Brain Health (CHBH), School of PsychologyUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonUK
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