51
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Zhang CY, Xiao X, Zhang Z, Hu Z, Li M. An alternative splicing hypothesis for neuropathology of schizophrenia: evidence from studies on historical candidate genes and multi-omics data. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:95-112. [PMID: 33686213 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing of schizophrenia risk genes, such as DRD2, GRM3, and DISC1, has been extensively described. Nevertheless, the alternative splicing characteristics of the growing number of schizophrenia risk genes identified through genetic analyses remain relatively opaque. Recently, transcriptomic analyses in human brains based on short-read RNA-sequencing have discovered many "local splicing" events (e.g., exon skipping junctions) associated with genetic risk of schizophrenia, and further molecular characterizations have identified novel spliced isoforms, such as AS3MTd2d3 and ZNF804AE3E4. In addition, long-read sequencing analyses of schizophrenia risk genes (e.g., CACNA1C and NRXN1) have revealed multiple previously unannotated brain-abundant isoforms with therapeutic potentials, and functional analyses of KCNH2-3.1 and Ube3a1 have provided examples for investigating such spliced isoforms in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that alternative splicing may be an essential molecular mechanism underlying genetic risk of schizophrenia, however, the incomplete annotations of human brain transcriptomes might have limited our understanding of schizophrenia pathogenesis, and further efforts to elucidate these transcriptional characteristics are urgently needed to gain insights into the illness-correlated brain physiology and pathology as well as to translate genetic discoveries into novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine and Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhonghua Hu
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine and Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital and Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China. .,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China. .,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Brandão-Teles C, Zuccoli GS, Smith BJ, Vieira GM, Crunfli F. Modeling Schizophrenia In Vitro: Challenges and Insights on Studying Brain Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1400:35-51. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-97182-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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53
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Elevated endogenous GDNF induces altered dopamine signalling in mice and correlates with clinical severity in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3247-3261. [PMID: 35618883 PMCID: PMC9708553 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Presynaptic increase in striatal dopamine is the primary dopaminergic abnormality in schizophrenia, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Here, we hypothesized that increased expression of endogenous GDNF could induce dopaminergic abnormalities that resemble those seen in schizophrenia. To test the impact of GDNF elevation, without inducing adverse effects caused by ectopic overexpression, we developed a novel in vivo approach to conditionally increase endogenous GDNF expression. We found that a 2-3-fold increase in endogenous GDNF in the brain was sufficient to induce molecular, cellular, and functional changes in dopamine signalling in the striatum and prefrontal cortex, including increased striatal presynaptic dopamine levels and reduction of dopamine in prefrontal cortex. Mechanistically, we identified adenosine A2a receptor (A2AR), a G-protein coupled receptor that modulates dopaminergic signalling, as a possible mediator of GDNF-driven dopaminergic abnormalities. We further showed that pharmacological inhibition of A2AR with istradefylline partially normalised striatal GDNF and striatal and cortical dopamine levels in mice. Lastly, we found that GDNF levels are increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of first episode psychosis patients, and in post-mortem striatum of schizophrenia patients. Our results reveal a possible contributor for increased striatal dopamine signalling in a subgroup of schizophrenia patients and suggest that GDNF-A2AR crosstalk may regulate dopamine function in a therapeutically targetable manner.
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Guerrin CGJ, Doorduin J, Sommer IE, de Vries EFJ. The dual hit hypothesis of schizophrenia: Evidence from animal models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:1150-1168. [PMID: 34715148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder, which can severely impact social and professional functioning. Epidemiological and clinical studies show that schizophrenia has a multifactorial aetiology comprising genetic and environmental risk factors. Although several risk factors have been identified, it is still not clear how they result in schizophrenia. This knowledge gap, however, can be investigated in animal studies. In this review, we summarise animal studies regarding molecular and cellular mechanisms through which genetic and environmental factors may affect brain development, ultimately causing schizophrenia. Preclinical studies suggest that early environmental risk factors can affect the immune, GABAergic, glutamatergic, or dopaminergic system and thus increase the susceptibility to another risk factor later in life. A second insult, like social isolation, stress, or drug abuse, can further disrupt these systems and the interactions between them, leading to behavioural abnormalities. Surprisingly, first insults like maternal infection and early maternal separation can also have protective effects. Single gene mutations associated with schizophrenia did not have a major impact on the susceptibility to subsequent environmental hits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyprien G J Guerrin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janine Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Iris E Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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55
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Caffeine consumption and schizophrenia: A highlight on adenosine receptor-independent mechanisms. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 61:106-113. [PMID: 34688994 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a common psychiatric disorder which affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. However, the complexity of etiology, treatment resistance and side effects induced by current antipsychotics, relapse prevention, and psychosocial rehabilitation are still to be uncovered. Caffeine, as the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug, plays a crucial role in daily life. Plenty of preclinical and clinical evidence has illustrated that caffeine consumption could have a beneficial effect on schizophrenia. In this review, we firstly summarize the factors associated with the caffeine-induced beneficial effect. Then, a variety of mechanism of actions independent of adenosine receptor signaling will be discussed with an emphasis on the potential contribution of the microbiome-gut-brain axis to provide more possibilities for future therapeutic, prognosis, and social rehabilitation strategy.
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Bilecki W, Wawrzczak-Bargieła A, Majcher-Maślanka I, Chmelova M, Maćkowiak M. Inhibition of BET Proteins during Adolescence Affects Prefrontal Cortical Development: Relevance to Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168710. [PMID: 34445411 PMCID: PMC8395847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The present study investigated the role of proteins from the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family in schizophrenia-like abnormalities in a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia induced by prenatal methylazoxymethanol (MAM) administration (MAM-E17). Methods: An inhibitor of BET proteins, JQ1, was administered during adolescence on postnatal days (P) 23–P29, and behavioural responses (sensorimotor gating, recognition memory) and prefrontal cortical (mPFC) function (long-term potentiation (LTP), molecular and proteomic analyses) studies were performed in adult males and females. Results: Deficits in sensorimotor gating and recognition memory were observed only in MAM-treated males. However, adolescent JQ1 treatment affected animals of both sexes in the control but not MAM-treated groups and reduced behavioural responses in both sexes. An electrophysiological study showed LTP impairments only in male MAM-treated animals, and JQ1 did not affect LTP in the mPFC. In contrast, MAM did not affect activity-dependent gene expression, but JQ1 altered gene expression in both sexes. A proteomic study revealed alterations in MAM-treated groups mainly in males, while JQ1 affected both sexes. Conclusions: MAM-induced schizophrenia-like abnormalities were observed only in males, while adolescent JQ1 treatment affected memory recognition and altered the molecular and proteomic landscape in the mPFC of both sexes. Thus, transient adolescent inhibition of the BET family might prompt permanent alterations in the mPFC.
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Kelly JR, Minuto C, Cryan JF, Clarke G, Dinan TG. The role of the gut microbiome in the development of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2021; 234:4-23. [PMID: 32336581 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder involving the convergence of a complex and dynamic bidirectional interaction of genetic expression and the accumulation of prenatal and postnatal environmental risk factors. The development of the neural circuitry underlying social, cognitive and emotional domains requires precise regulation from molecular signalling pathways, especially during critical periods or "windows", when the brain is particularly sensitive to the influence of environmental input signalling. Many of the brain regions involved, and the molecular substrates sub-serving these domains are responsive to life-long microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis signalling. This intricate microbial signalling system communicates with the brain via the vagus nerve, immune system, enteric nervous system, enteroendocrine signalling and production of microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. Preclinical data has demonstrated that MGB axis signalling influences neurotransmission, neurogenesis, myelination, dendrite formation and blood brain barrier development, and modulates cognitive function and behaviour patterns, such as, social interaction, stress management and locomotor activity. Furthermore, preliminary clinical studies suggest altered gut microbiota profiles in schizophrenia. Unravelling MGB axis signalling in the context of an evolving dimensional framework in schizophrenia may provide a more complete understanding of the neurobiological architecture of this complex condition and offers the possibility of translational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chiara Minuto
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland.
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Terejko K, Michałowski MA, Iżykowska I, Dominik A, Brzóstowicz A, Mozrzymas JW. Mutations at the M2 and M3 Transmembrane Helices of the GABA ARs α 1 and β 2 Subunits Affect Primarily Late Gating Transitions Including Opening/Closing and Desensitization. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2421-2436. [PMID: 34101432 PMCID: PMC8291490 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
![]()
GABA type A receptors
(GABAARs) belong to the pentameric
ligand-gated ion channel (pLGIC) family and play a crucial role in
mediating inhibition in the adult mammalian brain. Recently, a major
progress in determining the static structure of GABAARs
was achieved, although precise molecular scenarios underlying conformational
transitions remain unclear. The ligand binding sites (LBSs) are located
at the extracellular domain (ECD), very distant from the receptor
gate at the channel pore. GABAAR gating is complex, comprising
three major categories of transitions: openings/closings, preactivation,
and desensitization. Interestingly, mutations at, e.g., the ligand
binding site affect not only binding but often also more than one
gating category, suggesting that structural determinants for distinct
conformational transitions are shared. Gielen and co-workers (2015)
proposed that the GABAAR desensitization gate is located
at the second and third transmembrane segment. However, studies of
our and others’ groups indicated that other parts of the GABAAR macromolecule might be involved in this process. In the
present study, we asked how selected point mutations (β2G254V, α1G258V, α1L300V,
and β2L296V) at the M2 and M3 transmembrane segments
affect gating transitions of the α1β2γ2 GABAAR. Using high resolution macroscopic
and single-channel recordings and analysis, we report that these substitutions,
besides affecting desensitization, also profoundly altered openings/closings,
having some minor effect on preactivation and agonist binding. Thus,
the M2 and M3 segments primarily control late gating transitions of
the receptor (desensitization, opening/closing), providing a further
support for the concept of diffuse gating mechanisms for conformational
transitions of GABAAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Terejko
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wrocław Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 3A, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał A. Michałowski
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wrocław Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 3A, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ilona Iżykowska
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wrocław Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 3A, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Dominik
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wrocław Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 3A, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Brzóstowicz
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wrocław Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 3A, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy W. Mozrzymas
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wrocław Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 3A, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland
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Investigating neurophysiological markers of impaired cognition in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2021; 233:34-43. [PMID: 34225025 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent in schizophrenia and treatment options are severely limited. A greater understanding of the pathophysiology of impaired cognition would have broad implications, including for the development of effective treatments. In the current study we used a multimodal approach to identify neurophysiological markers of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Fifty-seven participants (30 schizophrenia, 27 controls) underwent neurobiological assessment (electroencephalography [EEG] and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation combined with EEG [TMS-EEG]) and assessment of cognitive functioning using an n-back task and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. Neurobiological outcome measures included oscillatory power during a 2-back task, TMS-related oscillations and TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs). Cognitive outcome measures were d prime and accurate reaction time on the 2-back and MATRICS domain scores. Compared to healthy controls, participants with schizophrenia showed significantly reduced theta oscillations in response to TMS, and trend level decreases in task-related theta and cortical reactivity (i.e. reduced N100 and N40 TEPs). Participants with schizophrenia also showed significantly impaired cognitive performance across all measures. Correlational analysis identified significant associations between cortical reactivity and TMS-related oscillations in both groups; and trend level associations between task-related oscillations and impaired cognition in schizophrenia. The current study provides experimental support for possible neurophysiological markers of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. The potential implications of these findings, including for treatment development, are discussed.
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Grover S, Keshavan MS, Lizano PL, Reinhart RMG. Proximate markers of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2021; 233:114-115. [PMID: 34325964 PMCID: PMC8380687 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Grover
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paulo L Lizano
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert M G Reinhart
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Cognitive Neuroimaging Center, Center for Research in Sensory Communications and Neural Technology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.
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Scarborough J, Mattei D, Dorner-Ciossek C, Sand M, Arban R, Rosenbrock H, Richetto J, Meyer U. Symptomatic and preventive effects of the novel phosphodiesterase-9 inhibitor BI 409306 in an immune-mediated model of neurodevelopmental disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1526-1534. [PMID: 33941860 PMCID: PMC8209175 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BI 409306, a phosphodiesterase-9 inhibitor under development for treatment of schizophrenia and attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS), promotes synaptic plasticity and cognition. Here, we explored the effects of BI 409306 treatment in the polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid (poly[I:C])-based mouse model of maternal immune activation (MIA), which is relevant to schizophrenia and APS. In Study 1, adult offspring received BI 409306 0.2, 0.5, or 1 mg/kg or vehicle to establish an active dose. In Study 2, adult offspring received BI 409306 1 mg/kg and/or risperidone 0.025 mg/kg, risperidone 0.05 mg/kg, or vehicle, to evaluate BI 409306 as add-on to standard therapy for schizophrenia. In Study 3, offspring received BI 409306 1 mg/kg during adolescence only, or continually into adulthood to evaluate preventive effects of BI 409306. We found that BI 409306 significantly mitigated MIA-induced social interaction deficits and amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, but not prepulse inhibition impairments, in a dose-dependent manner (Study 1). Furthermore, BI 409306 1 mg/kg alone or in combination with risperidone 0.025 mg/kg significantly reversed social interaction deficits and attenuated amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in MIA offspring (Study 2). Finally, we revealed that BI 409306 1 mg/kg treatment restricted to adolescence prevented adult deficits in social interaction, whereas continued treatment into adulthood also significantly reduced amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion (Study 3). Taken together, our findings suggest that symptomatic treatment with BI 409306 can restore social interaction deficits and dopaminergic dysfunctions in a MIA model of neurodevelopmental disruption, lending preclinical support to current clinical trials of BI 409306 in patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, BI 409306 given during adolescence has preventive effects on adult social interaction deficits in this model, supporting its use in people with APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Scarborough
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Mattei
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Dorner-Ciossek
- Department of CNS Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Michael Sand
- Department of Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Roberto Arban
- Department of CNS Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Holger Rosenbrock
- Department of CNS Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Juliet Richetto
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Meyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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62
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Zhang L, Li Z, Liu Q, Shao M, Sun F, Su X, Song M, Zhang Y, Ding M, Lu Y, Liu J, Yang Y, Li M, Li W, Lv L. Weak Association Between the Glutamate Decarboxylase 1 Gene (GAD1) and Schizophrenia in Han Chinese Population. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:677153. [PMID: 34234640 PMCID: PMC8255988 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.677153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex psychiatric disorder with high heritability, and genetic components are thought to be pivotal risk factors for this illness. The glutamate decarboxylase 1 gene (GAD1) was hypothesized to be a candidate risk locus for SZ given its crucial role in the GABAergic neurotransmission system, and previous studies have examined the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the GAD1 gene with SZ. However, inconsistent results were obtained. We hence examined the associations between GAD1 SNPs and SZ in two independent case-control samples of Han Chinese ancestry. Materials and Methods Two Han Chinese SZ case-control samples, referred as the discovery sample and the replication sample, respectively, were recruited for the current study. The discovery sample comprised of 528 paranoid SZ cases (with age of first onset ≥ 18) and 528 healthy controls; the independent replication sample contained 1,256 early onset SZ cases (with age of first onset < 18) and 2,661 healthy controls. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between GAD1 SNPs and SZ. Results Ten SNPs covering GAD1 gene were analyzed in the discovery sample, and two SNPs showed nominal associations with SZ (rs2241165, P = 0.0181, OR = 1.261; rs2241164, P = 0.0225, OR = 1.219). SNP rs2241164 was also nominally significant in the independent replication sample (P = 0.0462, OR = 1.110), and the significance became stronger in a subsequent meta-analysis combining both discovery and replication samples (P = 0.00398, OR = 1.138). Nevertheless, such association could not survive multiple corrections, although the effect size of rs2241164 was comparable with other SZ risk loci identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Han Chinese population. We also examined the associations between GAD1 SNPs and SZ in published datasets of SZ GWAS in East Asians and Europeans, and no significant associations were observed. Conclusion We observed weak associations between GAD1 SNPs and risk of SZ in Han Chinese populations. Further analyses in larger Han Chinese samples with more detailed phenotyping are necessary to elucidate the genetic correlation between GAD1 SNPs and SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwen Zhang
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Minglong Shao
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fuping Sun
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xi Su
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Meng Song
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Minli Ding
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ming Li
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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63
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Dimitriadis SI. Reconfiguration of αmplitude driven dominant coupling modes (DoCM) mediated by α-band in adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 108:110073. [PMID: 32805332 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) based biomarkers have been shown to correlate with the presence of psychotic disorders. Increased delta and decreased alpha power in psychosis indicate an abnormal arousal state. We investigated brain activity across the basic EEG frequencies and also dynamic functional connectivity of both intra and cross-frequency coupling that could reveal a neurophysiological biomarker linked to an aberrant modulating role of alpha frequency in adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). A dynamic functional connectivity graph (DFCG) has been estimated using the imaginary part of phase lag value (iPLV) and correlation of the envelope (corrEnv). We analyzed DFCG profiles of electroencephalographic resting state (eyes closed) recordings of healthy controls (HC) (n = 39) and SSDs subjects (n = 45) in basic frequency bands {δ,θ,α1,α2,β1,β2,γ}. In our analysis, we incorporated both intra and cross-frequency coupling modes. Adopting our recent Dominant Coupling Mode (DοCM) model leads to the construction of an integrated DFCG (iDFCG) that encapsulates the functional strength and the DοCM of every pair of brain areas. We revealed significantly higher ratios of delta/alpha1,2 power spectrum in SSDs subjects versus HC. The probability distribution (PD) of amplitude driven DoCM mediated by alpha frequency differentiated SSDs from HC with absolute accuracy (100%). The network Flexibility Index (FI) was significantly lower for subjects with SSDs compared to the HC group. Our analysis supports the central role of alpha frequency alterations in the neurophysiological mechanisms of SSDs. Currents findings open up new diagnostic pathways to clinical detection of SSDs and support the design of rational neurofeedback training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros I Dimitriadis
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Neuroinformatics Group, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences,Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences,Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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64
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MacDowell KS, Munarriz-Cuezva E, Meana JJ, Leza JC, Ortega JE. Paliperidone Reversion of Maternal Immune Activation-Induced Changes on Brain Serotonin and Kynurenine Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682602. [PMID: 34054556 PMCID: PMC8156415 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that early-life exposure to environmental factors may increase the risk for schizophrenia via inflammatory mechanisms. Inflammation can alter the metabolism of tryptophan through the oxidative kynurenine pathway to compounds with neurotoxic and neuroprotective activity and compromise serotonin (5-HT) synthesis. Here we investigate the role of serotonergic and kynurenine pathways in the maternal immune activation (MIA) animal model of schizophrenia. The potential reversion exerted by long-term antipsychotic treatment was also evaluated. MIA was induced by prenatal administration of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) in mice. Expression of different proteins and the content of different metabolites involved in the function of serotonergic and kynurenine pathways was assessed by RT-PCR, immunoblot and ELISA analyses in frontal cortex of the offspring after puberty. MIA decreased tissue 5-HT content and promoted changes in the expression of serotonin transporter, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors. Expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) and kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) was increased by poly (I:C) whereas kynurenine aminotransferase II and its metabolite kynurenic acid were not altered. Long-term paliperidone was able to counteract MIA-induced changes in 5-HT and KMO, and to increase tryptophan availability and tryptophan hydroxylase-2 expression in poly (I:C) mice but not in controls. MIA-induced increase of the cytotoxic risk ratio of kynurenine metabolites (quinolinic/kynurenic acid) was also reversed by paliperidone. MIA induces specific long-term brain effects on serotonergic activity. Such effects seem to be related with alternative activation of the kynurenine metabolic pathway towards a cytotoxic status. Atypical antipsychotic paliperodine partially remediates abnormalities observed after MIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina S MacDowell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Bizkaia, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), IUIN-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Munarriz-Cuezva
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Bizkaia, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - J Javier Meana
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Bizkaia, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Bizkaia, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), IUIN-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge E Ortega
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Bizkaia, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
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65
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Page NF, Gandal MJ, Estes ML, Cameron S, Buth J, Parhami S, Ramaswami G, Murray K, Amaral DG, Van de Water JA, Schumann CM, Carter CS, Bauman MD, McAllister AK, Geschwind DH. Alterations in Retrotransposition, Synaptic Connectivity, and Myelination Implicated by Transcriptomic Changes Following Maternal Immune Activation in Nonhuman Primates. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:896-910. [PMID: 33386132 PMCID: PMC8052273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a proposed risk factor for multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. However, the molecular mechanisms through which MIA imparts risk remain poorly understood. A recently developed nonhuman primate model of exposure to the viral mimic poly:ICLC during pregnancy shows abnormal social and repetitive behaviors and elevated striatal dopamine, a molecular hallmark of human psychosis, providing an unprecedented opportunity for studying underlying molecular correlates. METHODS We performed RNA sequencing across psychiatrically relevant brain regions (prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, hippocampus) and primary visual cortex for comparison from 3.5- to 4-year-old male MIA-exposed and control offspring-an age comparable to mid adolescence in humans. RESULTS We identify 266 unique genes differentially expressed in at least one brain region, with the greatest number observed in hippocampus. Co-expression networks identified region-specific alterations in synaptic signaling and oligodendrocytes. Although we observed temporal and regional differences, transcriptomic changes were shared across first- and second-trimester exposures, including for the top differentially expressed genes-PIWIL2 and MGARP. In addition to PIWIL2, several other regulators of retrotransposition and endogenous transposable elements were dysregulated following MIA, potentially connecting MIA to retrotransposition. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results begin to elucidate the brain-level molecular processes through which MIA may impart risk for psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas F Page
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Michael J Gandal
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California
| | - Myka L Estes
- Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Scott Cameron
- Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Jessie Buth
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California; Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sepideh Parhami
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California; Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gokul Ramaswami
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California; Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California
| | - Karl Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - David G Amaral
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Judy A Van de Water
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Cynthia M Schumann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Cameron S Carter
- Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Melissa D Bauman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - A Kimberley McAllister
- Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California; Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Los Angeles, California; Department of Human Genetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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66
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Yang J, Yang X, Tang K. Interneuron development and dysfunction. FEBS J 2021; 289:2318-2336. [PMID: 33844440 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding excitation and inhibition balance in the brain begins with the tale of two basic types of neurons, glutamatergic projection neurons and GABAergic interneurons. The diversity of cortical interneurons is contributed by multiple origins in the ventral forebrain, various tangential migration routes, and complicated regulations of intrinsic factors, extrinsic signals, and activities. Abnormalities of interneuron development lead to dysfunction of interneurons and inhibitory circuits, which are highly associated with neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, and intellectual disability. In this review, we mainly discuss recent findings on the development of cortical interneuron and on neurodevelopmental disorders related to interneuron dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, China
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67
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Oshodi TO, Ben-Azu B, Ishola IO, Ajayi AM, Emokpae O, Umukoro S. Molecular mechanisms involved in the prevention and reversal of ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behavior by rutin: the role of glutamic acid decarboxylase isoform-67, cholinergic, Nox-2-oxidative stress pathways in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2335-2350. [PMID: 33811574 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidences have shown that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-2 (Nox-2) pathway modifies glutamic-acid decarboxylase-67 (GAD67) (GABAergic enzyme) and cholinergic systems via oxidative-nitrergic mechanisms in schizophrenia pathology. Rutin, a neuroactive antioxidant compound, with proven neuroprotective property has been shown to reduce schizophrenic-like behavior in mice. This study sought to investigate the mechanisms of action of the psychopharmacological activity of rutin in the preventive and reversal effects of ketamine-induced schizophrenic-like behavior, oxidative-nitrergic stress, cholinergic and GABAergic derangements in mice. In the preventive treatment, male mice were given rutin (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) or risperidone (0.5 mg/kg) orally for 14 days prior to ketamine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment from the 8 to 14th day. However, in the reversal treatment, ketamine was given for 14 days prior to rutin and risperidone. Behavioral (open-field, social-interaction and Y-maze tests), biochemical (oxidative/nitrergic stress markers, acetylcholinesterase activity), immunohistochemical (GAD67, Nox-2) and neuronal cell deaths in the striatum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus were evaluated. Ketamine-induced behavioral impairments were prevented and reversed by rutin. Exposure of mice to ketamine increased malondialdehyde, nitrite contents, acetylcholinesterase activity, neuronal cell death and Nox-2 expressions in the striatum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Conversely, these derangements were prevented and reversed by rutin. The decreased glutathione levels due to ketamine were marked increased by rutin. Rutin only prevented ketamine-induced decrease in GAD67 expression in the striatal-hippocampal region. Altogether, the study showed that the prevention and reversal treatments of mice with rutin attenuated ketamine-induced schizophrenic-like behaviors via reduction of Nox-2 expression, oxidative/nitrergic stresses, acetylcholinesterase activity, and increased GAD67 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope Olabode Oshodi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. .,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
| | - Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.
| | - Abayomi Mayowa Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Osagie Emokpae
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Miyazawa A, Kanahara N, Nakata Y, Kodama S, Kimura H, Kimura A, Oda Y, Watanabe H, Iyo M. Clozapine Prolongs Cortical Silent Period in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia. PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN 2021; 51:20-30. [PMID: 34092820 PMCID: PMC8146563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although clozapine exhibited high efficacy for treating the symptoms of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), its precise action mechanisms have not been fully understood. Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested the presence of abnormalities in the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) systems in patients with schizophrenia, and the potential effects of clozapine on GABA receptors have gained a great deal of attention. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS In the present study, the cortical silent period (CSP), an electrophysiological parameter of GABA function via GABAB receptors, was measured using with the transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with schizophrenia and healthy control subjects. Then the CSP of patients treated with clozapine (N = 12) was compared with that of patients treated with other antipsychotics (N = 25) and with that of healthy controls (N = 27). PRINCIPAL OBSERVATIONS The CSP of the patients treated with clozapine was significantly longer compared to those of the other two groups. The CSP of patients treated with other antipsychotics was similar to that of healthy subjects. There was a positive correlation between CSP and global assessment of function (GAF) in patients with TRS. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicated that CSP was prolonged in patients receiving clozapine, and suggested that clozapine enhances the transmission signal via GABAB receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Miyazawa
- Miyazawa, MD, Nakata, MD, PhD, Atsushi Kimura, MD, PhD, Oda, MD, PhD, Iyo, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. Kanahara, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan, Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. Kodama, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Hiroshi Kimura, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan. Watanabe, MD, PhD, Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Kanahara
- Miyazawa, MD, Nakata, MD, PhD, Atsushi Kimura, MD, PhD, Oda, MD, PhD, Iyo, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. Kanahara, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan, Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. Kodama, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Hiroshi Kimura, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan. Watanabe, MD, PhD, Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakata
- Miyazawa, MD, Nakata, MD, PhD, Atsushi Kimura, MD, PhD, Oda, MD, PhD, Iyo, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. Kanahara, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan, Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. Kodama, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Hiroshi Kimura, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan. Watanabe, MD, PhD, Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kodama
- Miyazawa, MD, Nakata, MD, PhD, Atsushi Kimura, MD, PhD, Oda, MD, PhD, Iyo, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. Kanahara, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan, Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. Kodama, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Hiroshi Kimura, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan. Watanabe, MD, PhD, Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Miyazawa, MD, Nakata, MD, PhD, Atsushi Kimura, MD, PhD, Oda, MD, PhD, Iyo, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. Kanahara, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan, Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. Kodama, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Hiroshi Kimura, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan. Watanabe, MD, PhD, Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kimura
- Miyazawa, MD, Nakata, MD, PhD, Atsushi Kimura, MD, PhD, Oda, MD, PhD, Iyo, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. Kanahara, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan, Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. Kodama, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Hiroshi Kimura, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan. Watanabe, MD, PhD, Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasunori Oda
- Miyazawa, MD, Nakata, MD, PhD, Atsushi Kimura, MD, PhD, Oda, MD, PhD, Iyo, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. Kanahara, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan, Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. Kodama, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Hiroshi Kimura, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan. Watanabe, MD, PhD, Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Miyazawa, MD, Nakata, MD, PhD, Atsushi Kimura, MD, PhD, Oda, MD, PhD, Iyo, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. Kanahara, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan, Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. Kodama, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Hiroshi Kimura, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan. Watanabe, MD, PhD, Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Miyazawa, MD, Nakata, MD, PhD, Atsushi Kimura, MD, PhD, Oda, MD, PhD, Iyo, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. Kanahara, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan, Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. Kodama, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Hiroshi Kimura, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan. Watanabe, MD, PhD, Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Loss CM, Teodoro L, Rodrigues GD, Moreira LR, Peres FF, Zuardi AW, Crippa JA, Hallak JEC, Abílio VC. Is Cannabidiol During Neurodevelopment a Promising Therapy for Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorders? Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:635763. [PMID: 33613289 PMCID: PMC7890086 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.635763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are psychiatric neurodevelopmental disorders that cause high levels of functional disabilities. Also, the currently available therapies for these disorders are limited. Therefore, the search for treatments that could be beneficial for the altered course of the neurodevelopment associated with these disorders is paramount. Preclinical and clinical evidence points to cannabidiol (CBD) as a promising strategy. In this review, we discuss clinical and preclinical studies on schizophrenia and ASD investigating the behavioral, molecular, and functional effects of chronic treatment with CBD (and with cannabidivarin for ASD) during neurodevelopment. In summary, the results point to CBD's beneficial potential for the progression of these disorders supporting further investigations to strengthen its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Morais Loss
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucas Teodoro
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Doná Rodrigues
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Roberto Moreira
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fiel Peres
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio Waldo Zuardi
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre Crippa
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime Eduardo Cecilio Hallak
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Costhek Abílio
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Di Bartolomeo M, Stark T, Maurel OM, Iannotti FA, Kuchar M, Ruda-Kucerova J, Piscitelli F, Laudani S, Pekarik V, Salomone S, Arosio B, Mechoulam R, Maccarrone M, Drago F, Wotjak CT, Di Marzo V, Vismara M, Dell'Osso B, D'Addario C, Micale V. Crosstalk between the transcriptional regulation of dopamine D2 and cannabinoid CB1 receptors in schizophrenia: Analyses in patients and in perinatal Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-exposed rats. Pharmacol Res 2021; 164:105357. [PMID: 33285233 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) affects brain development and might increase the incidence of psychopathology later in life, which seems to be related to a dysregulation of endocannabinoid and/or dopaminergic systems. We here evaluated the transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding for the cannabinoid CB1 receptor (Cnr1) and the dopamine D2 receptor (Drd2) in perinatal THC-(pTHC) exposed male rats, focusing on the role of DNA methylation analyzed by pyrosequencing. Simultaneously, the molecular and behavioral abnormalities at two different time points (i.e., neonatal age and adulthood) and the potential preventive effect of peripubertal treatment with cannabidiol, a non-euphoric component of Cannabis, were assessed. The DRD2 methylation was also evaluated in a cohort of subjects with schizophrenia. We observed an increase in both Cnr1 and Drd2 mRNA levels selectively in the prefrontal cortex of adult pTHC-exposed rats with a consistent reduction in DNA methylation at the Drd2 regulatory region, paralleled by social withdrawal and cognitive impairment which were reversed by cannabidiol treatment. These adult abnormalities were preceded at neonatal age by delayed appearance of neonatal reflexes, higher Drd2 mRNA and lower 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) brain levels, which persisted till adulthood. Alterations of the epigenetic mark for DRD2 were also found in subjects with schizophrenia. Overall, reported data add further evidence to the dopamine-cannabinoid interaction in terms of DRD2 and CNR1 dysregulation which could be implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, suggesting that cannabidiol treatment may normalize pTHC-induced psychopathology by modulating the altered dopaminergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Di Bartolomeo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Tibor Stark
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Neuronal Plasticity Research Group, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Oriana Maria Maurel
- Neuronal Plasticity Research Group, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Naples, Italy
| | - Martin Kuchar
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Ruda-Kucerova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Naples, Italy
| | - Samuele Laudani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vladimir Pekarik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Salvatore Salomone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy; European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carsten T Wotjak
- Neuronal Plasticity Research Group, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & KO KG, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Endocannabinoid Research Group, Naples, Italy; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic, Health, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Joint International Unit on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), between Université Laval and Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Matteo Vismara
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Mental Health, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Mental Health, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy; "Aldo Ravelli" Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Vincenzo Micale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
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Bouet V, Percelay S, Leroux E, Diarra B, Léger M, Delcroix N, Andrieux A, Dollfus S, Freret T, Boulouard M. A new 3-hit mouse model of schizophrenia built on genetic, early and late factors. Schizophr Res 2021; 228:519-528. [PMID: 33298334 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Whether the etiology of schizophrenia remains unknown, its multifactorial aspect is conversely now well admitted. However, most preclinical models of the disease still rely on a mono-factorial construction and do not allow discover unequivocal treatments, particularly for negative and cognitive symptoms. The main interaction factors that have been implicated in schizophrenia are a genetic predisposition and unfavorable environmental factors. Here we propose a new animal model combining a genetic predisposition (1st hit: partial deletion of MAP-6 (microtubule-associated protein)) with an early postnatal stress (2nd hit: 24 h maternal separation at post-natal day 9), and a late cannabinoid exposure during adolescence (3rd hit: tetrahydrocannabinol THC from post-natal day 32 to 52; 8 mg/kg/day). The 2-hit mice displayed spatial memory deficits, decreased cortical thickness and fractional anisotropy of callosal fibers. The 3-hit mice were more severely affected as attested by supplementary deficits such a decrease in spontaneous activity, sociability-related behavior, working memory performances, an increase in anxiety-like behavior, a decrease in hippocampus volume together with impaired integrity of corpus callosum fibers (less axons, less myelin). Taken together, these results show that the new 3-hit model displays several landmarks mimicking negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, conferring a high relevance for research of new treatments. Moreover, this 3-hit model possesses a strong construct validity, which fits with gene x environment interactions hypothesis of schizophrenia. The 2-hit model, which associates maternal separation with THC exposure in wild-type mice gives a less severe phenotype, and could be useful for research on other forms of psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Bouet
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHYU CAEN, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Solenn Percelay
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHYU CAEN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Elise Leroux
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA 7466 ISTS, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Boubacar Diarra
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHYU CAEN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Marianne Léger
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHYU CAEN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Delcroix
- CNRS, UMS 3408, GIP CYCERON, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP5229, 14074 Caen cedex, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, CEA, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sonia Dollfus
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, EA 7466 ISTS, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France; CHU de Caen, Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Thomas Freret
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHYU CAEN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Michel Boulouard
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHYU CAEN, 14000 Caen, France
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72
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Gut-brain axis: A matter of concern in neuropsychiatric disorders…! Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 104:110051. [PMID: 32758517 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is composed of a large number of microbes, usually regarded as commensal bacteria. It has become gradually clear that gastrointestinal microbiota affects gut pathophysiology and the central nervous system (CNS) function by modulating the signaling pathways of the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis. This bidirectional MGB axis communication primarily acts through neuroendocrine, neuroimmune, and autonomic nervous systems (ANS) mechanisms. Accumulating evidence reveals that gut microbiota interacts with the host brain, and its modulation may play a critical role in the pathology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Recently, neuroscience research has established the significance of gut microbiota in the development of brain systems that are essential to stress-related behaviors, including depression and anxiety. Application of modulators of the MGB, such as psychobiotics (e.g., probiotics), prebiotics, and specific diets, may be a promising therapeutic approach for neuropsychiatric disorders. The present review article primarily focuses on the relevant features of the disturbances of the MGB axis in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders and its potential mechanisms.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to conduct a meta-analysis of studies comparing the GABA levels of schizophrenia patients (SZP) and healthy controls (HC) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in the frontal cortex (FC) and its sub-regions. METHODS We included studies published in English language that used 1H-MRS from MRI scanners having at-least 3 Tesla (3 T) magnetic field strength to measure GABA levels in SZP (n = 699) and HC (n = 718) in FC and its sub-regions. The outcome measures were the means and standard deviations of GABA levels and outcome measure was calculated using a random-effect model. RESULTS In FC, medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), there were no significant group differences. On excluding the outlier studies, the GABA levels were lower in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls in FC (Hedges' g = -0.2; p = 0.02). In ACC, significant group difference was noted in GABA levels (Hedges' g = -0.25; p = 0.03) with patients values being lower that is more pronounced in the first episode schizophrenia patients (Hedges' g: -0.41; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The available 1H-MRS studies suggest hypo-GABA ergia specifically in ACC and hint towards possible hypo GABA-ergic state in the FC. However, limitations of the analysis should be considered while interpreting the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhavika Vajawat
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Naren P Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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74
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Environmental regulation of the chloride transporter KCC2: switching inflammation off to switch the GABA on? Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:349. [PMID: 33060559 PMCID: PMC7562743 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloride homeostasis, the main determinant factor for the dynamic tuning of GABAergic inhibition during development, has emerged as a key element altered in a wide variety of brain disorders. Accordingly, developmental disorders such as schizophrenia, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Down syndrome, epilepsy, and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) have been associated with alterations in the expression of genes codifying for either of the two cotransporters involved in the excitatory-to-inhibitory GABA switch, KCC2 and NKCC1. These alterations can result from environmental insults, including prenatal stress and maternal separation which share, as common molecular denominator, the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this review we report and systemize recent research articles indicating that different perinatal environmental perturbations affect the expression of chloride transporters, delaying the developmental switch of GABA signaling, and that inflammatory cytokines, in particular interleukin 1β, may represent a key causal factor for this phenomenon. Based on literature data, we provide therefore a unifying conceptual framework, linking environmental hits with the excitatory-to-inhibitory GABA switch in the context of brain developmental disorders.
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75
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Gatta E, Saudagar V, Auta J, Grayson DR, Guidotti A. Epigenetic landscape of stress surfeit disorders: Key role for DNA methylation dynamics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 156:127-183. [PMID: 33461662 PMCID: PMC7942223 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to stress throughout lifespan alters brain structure and function, inducing a maladaptive response to environmental stimuli, that can contribute to the development of a pathological phenotype. Studies have shown that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction is associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive, alcohol use and post-traumatic stress disorders. Downstream actors of the HPA axis, glucocorticoids are critical mediators of the stress response and exert their function through specific receptors, i.e., the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), highly expressed in stress/reward-integrative pathways. GRs are ligand-activated transcription factors that recruit epigenetic actors to regulate gene expression via DNA methylation, altering chromatin structure and thus shaping the response to stress. The dynamic interplay between stress response and epigenetic modifiers suggest DNA methylation plays a key role in the development of stress surfeit disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Gatta
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Vikram Saudagar
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - James Auta
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dennis R Grayson
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alessandro Guidotti
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Bistoletti M, Bosi A, Banfi D, Giaroni C, Baj A. The microbiota-gut-brain axis: Focus on the fundamental communication pathways. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 176:43-110. [PMID: 33814115 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bistoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bosi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Banfi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Stępnicki P, Kondej M, Koszła O, Żuk J, Kaczor AA. Multi-targeted drug design strategies for the treatment of schizophrenia. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:101-114. [PMID: 32915109 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1816962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disease (or a conglomeration of disorders) manifesting with positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. The pathophysiology of schizophrenia is not completely known; however, it involves many neurotransmitters and their receptors. In order to treat schizophrenia, drugs need to be multi-target drugs. Indeed, the action of second and third generation antipsychotics involves interactions with many receptors, belonging mainly to aminergic GPCRs. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors summarize current concepts of schizophrenia with the emphasis on the modern dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and glutamatergic hypotheses. Next, they discuss treatments of the disease, stressing multi-target antipsychotics. They cover different aspects of design of multi-target ligands, including the application of molecular modeling approaches for the design and benefits and limitations of multifunctional compounds. Finally, they present successful case studies of multi-target drug design against schizophrenia. EXPERT OPINION Treatment of schizophrenia requires the application of multi-target drugs. While designing single target drugs is relatively easy, designing multifunctional compounds is a challenge due to the necessity to balance the affinity to many targets, while avoiding promiscuity and the problems with drug-likeness. Multi-target drugs bring many benefits: better efficiency, fewer adverse effects, and drug-drug interactions and better patient compliance to drug regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Stępnicki
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
| | - Magda Kondej
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
| | - Oliwia Koszła
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Żuk
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka A Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio, Finland
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78
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Li Q, Zhang Y, Ge BY, Li N, Sun HL, Ntim M, Sun YP, Wu XF, Yang JY, Li S. GPR50 Distribution in the Mouse Cortex and Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2312-2323. [PMID: 32696324 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03089-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 50 (GPR50) belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor which is highly homologous with the sequence of melatonin receptor MT1 and MT2. GPR50 expression has previously been reported in many brain regions, like cortex, midbrain, pons, amygdala. But, the distribution of GPR50 in the hippocampus and cortex and the cell types expressing GPR50 is not yet clear. In this study, we examined the distribution of GPR50 in adult male mice by immunofluorescence. Our results showed that GPR50 was localized in the CA1-3 pyramidal cells and the granule cells of the dentate gyrus. GPR50 was also expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons. As inhibitory neurons also contain many types, we found that GPR50 was localized in some interneurons in which it was co-expressed with the calcium-binding proteins calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin. Besides, similar results were seen in the cortex. The widespread expression of GPR50 in the hippocampus and cortex suggests that GPR50 may be associated with synaptic plasticity and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifa Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Ying Ge
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai- Lun Sun
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Ntim
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ping Sun
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Fei Wu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Yi Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Dalian Friendship Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shao Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
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Association between Serum Essential Metal Elements and the Risk of Schizophrenia in China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10875. [PMID: 32620780 PMCID: PMC7335092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous essential metal elements (EMEs) are necessary to maintain the proper function of human body. In this case-control study, we investigated the associations of 11 EMEs [Calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), cobalt (Co), Molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe)] in serum with the risk of schizophrenia. We recruited first-episode and drug-naïve schizophrenic patients (cases = 99) and age-sex-matched normal subjects (controls = 99) from Tangshan, Hebei Province, China. The 11 EMEs in serum from cases and controls were quantified by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We observed that a higher level of Mn (OR = 2.390; 95%CI: 1.504–3.796) and lower levels of Ca (OR = 0.939; 95%CI: 0.890–0.990), Mg (OR = 0.806; 95%CI: 0.669–0.972), Na (OR = 0.995; 95%CI: 0.993–0.998), and Se (OR = 0.954; 95%CI: 0.937–0.972) were associated with an elevated risk of schizophrenia. Dose–response relationships between serum EME concentrations and the risk of schizophrenia were observed in most of the schizophrenia-associated EMEs. Moreover, the serum concentrations of these schizophrenia-associated EMEs in patients were correlated with the severity of their clinical symptoms. Significant correlations were found between EMEs and biomarkers associated with schizophrenia related to metabolic and oxidative stress. This study suggested that the concentration and profile of EMEs were different between schizophrenic patients and normal controls and revealed potential metabolisms associated with EMEs and schizophrenia, suggesting EMEs might act as biomarkers of schizophrenia to improve the current situation of diagnosis and treatment.
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Zamberletti E, Rubino T. Impact of Endocannabinoid System Manipulation on Neurodevelopmental Processes Relevant to Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 6:616-626. [PMID: 32855107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia has received much support from epidemiological and neuropathological studies and provides a framework to explain how early developmental abnormalities might manifest as psychosis in early adulthood. According to this theory, the onset of schizophrenia is likely the result of a complex interplay between a genetic predisposition and environmental factors whose respective influence might contribute to the etiology and progression of the disorder. The two most sensitive windows for neurodevelopment are the prenatal/perinatal and the adolescent windows, both of which are characterized by specific processes impinging upon brain structure and functionality, whose alterations may contribute to the onset of schizophrenia. An increasing number of articles suggest the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the modulation of at least some of these processes, especially in the prenatal/perinatal window. Thus, it is not surprising that disturbing the physiological role of endocannabinoid signaling in these sensitive windows might alter the correct formation of neuronal networks, eventually predisposing to neuropsychiatric diseases later in life. We review the most recent preclinical studies that evaluated the impact of endocannabinoid system modulation in the two sensitive developmental windows on neurodevelopmental processes that possess a specific relevance to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Zamberletti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences and Neuroscience Center, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rubino
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences and Neuroscience Center, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy.
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81
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Powell SK, O'Shea CP, Shannon SR, Akbarian S, Brennand KJ. Investigation of Schizophrenia with Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 25:155-206. [PMID: 32578147 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45493-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe neuropsychiatric condition manifested by cognitive, emotional, affective, perceptual, and behavioral abnormalities. Despite decades of research, the biological substrates driving the signs and symptoms of the disorder remain elusive, thus hampering progress in the development of treatments aimed at disease etiologies. The recent emergence of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based models has provided the field with a highly innovative approach to generate, study, and manipulate living neural tissue derived from patients, making possible the exploration of fundamental roles of genes and early-life stressors in disease-relevant cell types. Here, we begin with a brief overview of the clinical, epidemiological, and genetic aspects of the condition, with a focus on schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disorder. We then highlight relevant technical advancements in hiPSC models and assess novel findings attained using hiPSC-based approaches and their implications for disease biology and treatment innovation. We close with a critical appraisal of the developments necessary for both further expanding knowledge of schizophrenia and the translation of new insights into therapeutic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K Powell
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Callan P O'Shea
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Rose Shannon
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristen J Brennand
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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82
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Neuregulins 1, 2, and 3 Promote Early Neurite Outgrowth in ErbB4-Expressing Cortical GABAergic Interneurons. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3568-3588. [PMID: 32542595 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The neuregulins (Nrgs 1-4) are a family of signaling molecules that play diverse roles in the nervous system. Nrg1 has been implicated in the formation of synapses and in synaptic plasticity. Previous studies have shown Nrg1 can affect neurite outgrowth in several neuronal populations, while the role of Nrg2 and Nrg3 in this process has remained understudied. The Nrgs can bind and activate the ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase which is preferentially expressed in GABAergic interneurons in the rodent hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Nrgs 1, 2, and 3 on neurite outgrowth of dissociated rat cortical ErbB4-positive (+)/GABA+ interneurons in vitro. All three Nrgs were able to promote neurite outgrowth during the first 2 days in vitro, with increases detected for both the axon (116-120%) and other neurites (100-120%). Increases in the average number of primary and secondary neurites were also observed. Treatment with the Nrgs for an additional 3 days promoted an increase in axonal length (86-96%), with only minimal effects on the remaining neurites (8-13%). ErbB4 expression persisted throughout the dendritic arbor and cell soma at all stages examined, while its expression in the axon was transient and declined with cell maturation. ErbB4 overexpression in GABAergic neurons promoted neurite outgrowth, an effect that was potentiated by Nrg treatment. These results show that Nrgs 1, 2, and 3 are each capable of influencing dendritic and axonal growth at early developmental stages in GABAergic neurons grown in vitro.
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83
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Frajman A, Maggio N, Muler I, Haroutunian V, Katsel P, Yitzhaky A, Weiser M, Hertzberg L. Gene expression meta-analysis reveals the down-regulation of three GABA receptor subunits in the superior temporal gyrus of patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 220:29-37. [PMID: 32376074 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the main theories accounting for the underlying pathophysiology of schizophrenia posits alterations in GABAergic neurotransmission. While previous gene expression studies of postmortem brain samples typically report the down-regulation of GABA related genes in schizophrenia, the results are often inconsistent and not uniform across studies. We performed a systematic gene expression analysis of 22 GABA related genes in postmortem superior temporal gyrus (STG) samples of 19 elderly subjects with schizophrenia (mean age: 77) and 14 matched controls from the Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai (MSSM) cohort. To test the validity and robustness of the resulting differentially expressed genes, we then conducted a meta-analysis of the MSSM and an independent dataset from the Stanley Consortium of 14 STG samples of relatively young subjects with schizophrenia (mean age: 44) and 15 matched controls. For the first time, the findings showed the down-regulation of three GABA-receptor subunits of type A, GABRA1, GABRA2 and GABRB3, in the STG samples of subjects with schizophrenia, in both the elderly and the relatively young patients. These findings, as well as previous results, lend weight to the notion of a common upstream pathology that alters GABAergic neurotransmission in schizophrenia. GABRA1, GABRA2 and GABRB3 down-regulation may contribute to the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of schizophrenia through altered oscillation synchronization in the STG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Frajman
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Nicola Maggio
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Inna Muler
- Childhood Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Pavel Katsel
- Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Assif Yitzhaky
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mark Weiser
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Libi Hertzberg
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Shalvata Mental Health Center, Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
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84
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Vuotto C, Battistini L, Caltagirone C, Borsellino G. Gut Microbiota and Disorders of the Central Nervous System. Neuroscientist 2020; 26:487-502. [PMID: 32441219 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420918826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, consisting of bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses, and protozoa, together with their collective genomes (microbiome), plays a key role in immune system development and maturation, gut morphology, and in performing essential metabolic functions. Several factors, including lifestyle, body mass index, diet, antibiotic use, and the environment, influence the balance of the intestinal microbiota, whose alterations (the so-called dysbiosis) in recent years have been associated with the onset and/or progression of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the possible involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of diseases of the central nervous system, with a special focus on key issues and common misjudgments on the potential contribution of specific microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vuotto
- Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS -Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS -Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS -Rome, Italy
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85
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Shafer TJ, Brown JP, Lynch B, Davila-Montero S, Wallace K, Friedman KP. Evaluation of Chemical Effects on Network Formation in Cortical Neurons Grown on Microelectrode Arrays. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:436-455. [PMID: 30816951 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of chemicals to which humans are potentially exposed have not been evaluated for potential developmental neurotoxicity (DNT), driving efforts to develop a battery of in vitro screening approaches for DNT hazard. Here, 136 unique chemicals were evaluated for potential DNT hazard using a network formation assay (NFA) in cortical cells grown on microelectrode arrays. The effects of chemical exposure from 2 h postplating through 12 days in vitro (DIV) on network formation were evaluated at DIV 5, 7, 9, and 12, with cell viability assessed at DIV 12. Only 82 chemicals altered at least 1 network development parameter. Assay results were reproducible; 10 chemicals tested as biological replicates yielded qualitative results that were 100% concordant, with consistent potency values. Toxicological tipping points were determined for 58 chemicals and were similar to or lower than the lowest 50% effect concentrations (EC50) for all parameters. When EC50 and tipping point values from the NFA were compared to the range of potencies observed in ToxCast assays, the NFA EC50 values were less than the lower quartile for ToxCast assay potencies for a subset of chemicals, many of which are acutely neurotoxic in vivo. For 13 chemicals with available in vivo DNT data, estimated administered equivalent doses based on NFA results were similar to or lower than administered doses in vivo. Collectively, these results indicate that the NFA is sensitive to chemicals acting on nervous system function and will be a valuable contribution to an in vitro DNT screening battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Shafer
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Jasmine P Brown
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.,Graduate Program in Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Brittany Lynch
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Sylmarie Davila-Montero
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Kathleen Wallace
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Katie Paul Friedman
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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86
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Oxidation-reduction mechanisms in psychiatric disorders: A novel target for pharmacological intervention. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 210:107520. [PMID: 32165136 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
While neurotransmitter dysfunction represents a key component in mental illnesses, there is now a wide agreement for a central pathophysiological hub that includes hormones, neuroinflammation, redox mechanisms as well as oxidative stress. With respect to oxidation-reduction (redox) mechanisms, preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that an imbalance in the pro/anti-oxidative homeostasis toward the increased production of substances with oxidizing potential may contribute to the etiology and manifestation of different psychiatric disorders. The substantial and continous demand for energy renders the brain highly susceptible to disturbances in its energy supply, especially following exposure to stressful events, which may lead to overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species under conditions of perturbed antioxidant defenses. This will eventually induce different molecular alterations, including extensive protein and lipid peroxidation, increased blood-brain barrier permeability and neuroinflammation, which may contribute to the changes in brain function and morphology observed in mental illnesses. This view may also reconcile different key concepts for psychiatric disorders, such as the neurodevelopmental origin of these diseases, as well as the vulnerability of selective cellular populations that are critical for specific functional abnormalities. The possibility to pharmacologically modulate the redox system is receiving increasing interest as a novel therapeutic strategy to counteract the detrimental effects of the unbalance in brain oxidative mechanisms. This review will describe the main mechanisms and mediators of the redox system and will examine the alterations of oxidative stress found in animal models of psychiatric disorders as well as in patients suffering from mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. In addition, it will discuss studies that examined the effects of psychotropic drugs, including antipsychotics and antidepressants, on the oxidative balance as well as studies that investigated the effectiveness of a direct modulation of oxidative mechanisms in counteracting the behavioral and functional alterations associated with psychiatric disorders, which supports the promising role of the redox system as a novel therapeutic target for the improved treatment of brain disorders.
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87
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Koszła O, Targowska-Duda KM, Kędzierska E, Kaczor AA. In Vitro and In Vivo Models for the Investigation of Potential Drugs Against Schizophrenia. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010160. [PMID: 31963851 PMCID: PMC7022578 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms, and is not satisfactorily treated by current antipsychotics. Progress in understanding the basic pathomechanism of the disease has been hampered by the lack of appropriate models. In order to develop modern drugs against SZ, efficient methods to study them in in vitro and in vivo models of this disease are required. In this review a short presentation of current hypotheses and concepts of SZ is followed by a description of current progress in the field of SZ experimental models. A critical discussion of advantages and limitations of in vitro models and pharmacological, genetic, and neurodevelopmental in vivo models for positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of the disease is provided. In particular, this review concerns the important issue of how cellular and animal systems can help to meet the challenges of modeling the disease, which fully manifests only in humans, as experimental studies of SZ in humans are limited. Next, it is emphasized that novel clinical candidates should be evaluated in animal models for treatment-resistant SZ. In conclusion, the plurality of available in vitro and in vivo models is a consequence of the complex nature of SZ, and there are extensive possibilities for their integration. Future development of more efficient antipsychotics reflecting the pleiotropy of symptoms in SZ requires the incorporation of various models into one uniting model of the multifactorial disorder and use of this model for the evaluation of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Koszła
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna M. Targowska-Duda
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Kędzierska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka A. Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland;
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Correspondence:
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88
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Bhandage AK, Cunningham JL, Jin Z, Shen Q, Bongiovanni S, Korol SV, Syk M, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Ekselius L, Birnir B. Depression, GABA, and Age Correlate with Plasma Levels of Inflammatory Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246172. [PMID: 31817800 PMCID: PMC6941074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulation is increasingly being recognised as a part of mental diseases. Here, we examined whether levels of immunological protein markers changed with depression, age, or the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). An analysis of plasma samples from patients with a major depressive episode and control blood donors (CBD) revealed the expression of 67 inflammatory markers. Thirteen of these markers displayed augmented levels in patients compared to CBD. Twenty-one markers correlated with the age of the patients, whereas 10 markers correlated with the age of CBD. Interestingly, CST5 and CDCP1 showed the strongest correlation with age in the patients and CBD, respectively. IL-18 was the only marker that correlated with the MADRS-S scores of the patients. Neuronal growth factors (NGFs) were significantly enhanced in plasma from the patients, as was the average plasma GABA concentration. GABA modulated the release of seven cytokines in anti-CD3-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the patients. The study reveals significant changes in the plasma composition of small molecules during depression and identifies potential peripheral biomarkers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol K. Bhandage
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.K.B.); (Z.J.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Janet L. Cunningham
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.L.C.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (L.E.)
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.K.B.); (Z.J.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Qiujin Shen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life laboratory, Uppsala University, 75108 Uppsala, Sweden; (Q.S.); (M.K.-M.)
| | - Santiago Bongiovanni
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.L.C.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (L.E.)
| | - Sergiy V. Korol
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.K.B.); (Z.J.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Mikaela Syk
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.L.C.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (L.E.)
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life laboratory, Uppsala University, 75108 Uppsala, Sweden; (Q.S.); (M.K.-M.)
| | - Lisa Ekselius
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.L.C.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (L.E.)
| | - Bryndis Birnir
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.K.B.); (Z.J.); (S.V.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-18-471-4622
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89
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Baba M, Yokoyama K, Seiriki K, Naka Y, Matsumura K, Kondo M, Yamamoto K, Hayashida M, Kasai A, Ago Y, Nagayasu K, Hayata-Takano A, Takahashi A, Yamaguchi S, Mori D, Ozaki N, Yamamoto T, Takuma K, Hashimoto R, Hashimoto H, Nakazawa T. Psychiatric-disorder-related behavioral phenotypes and cortical hyperactivity in a mouse model of 3q29 deletion syndrome. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:2125-2135. [PMID: 31216562 PMCID: PMC6887869 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
3q29 microdeletion, a rare recurrent copy number variant (CNV), greatly confers an increased risk of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as intellectual disability. However, disease-relevant cellular phenotypes of 3q29 deletion syndrome remain to be identified. To reveal the molecular and cellular etiology of 3q29 deletion syndrome, we generated a mouse model of human 3q29 deletion syndrome by chromosome engineering, which achieved construct validity. 3q29 deletion (Df/+) mice showed reduced body weight and brain volume and, more importantly, impaired social interaction and prepulse inhibition. Importantly, the schizophrenia-related impaired prepulse inhibition was reversed by administration of antipsychotics. These findings are reminiscent of the growth defects and neuropsychiatric behavioral phenotypes in patients with 3q29 deletion syndrome and exemplify that the mouse model achieves some part of face validity and predictive validity. Unbiased whole-brain imaging revealed that neuronal hyperactivation after a behavioral task was strikingly exaggerated in a restricted region of the cortex of Df/+ mice. We further elucidated the cellular phenotypes of neuronal hyperactivation and the reduction of parvalbumin expression in the cortex of Df/+ mice. Thus, the 3q29 mouse model provides invaluable insight into the disease-causative molecular and cellular pathology of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Baba
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bLaboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yokoyama
- 0000 0001 0673 6017grid.419841.1Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa Fujisawa, 251-8555 Japan
| | - Kaoru Seiriki
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bLaboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan ,0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bInterdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Transdisciplinary Graduate Degree Programs, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Naka
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bLaboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kensuke Matsumura
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bLaboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan ,0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bInterdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Transdisciplinary Graduate Degree Programs, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan ,0000 0004 0614 710Xgrid.54432.34Research Fellowships for Young Scientists of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083 Japan
| | - Momoka Kondo
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bLaboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kana Yamamoto
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bLaboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Misuzu Hayashida
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bLaboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasai
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bLaboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yukio Ago
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bLaboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan ,0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bLaboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bLaboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Atsuko Hayata-Takano
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bLaboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan ,0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bMolecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Akinori Takahashi
- 0000 0000 9805 2626grid.250464.1Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495 Japan
| | - Shun Yamaguchi
- 0000 0004 0370 4927grid.256342.4Department of Morphological Neuroscience, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan ,0000 0004 0370 4927grid.256342.4Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- 0000 0001 0943 978Xgrid.27476.30Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan ,0000 0001 0943 978Xgrid.27476.30Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Aichi, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- 0000 0001 0943 978Xgrid.27476.30Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- 0000 0000 9805 2626grid.250464.1Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495 Japan ,0000000094465255grid.7597.cLaboratory for Immunogenetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Kanagawa Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takuma
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bMolecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan ,0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bDepartment of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- 0000 0004 1763 8916grid.419280.6Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553 Japan ,0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bOsaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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90
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Vostrikov VM. [Neuromorphological aspect of the GABAergic hypothesis of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:124-129. [PMID: 31626180 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2019119081124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many hypotheses have been proposed for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The most common hypotheses of schizophrenia are dopaminergic, serotoninergic, glutamatergic. There are also assumptions about involvement of other neurochemical systems, in particular GABAergic, in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The available data on the damage of GABAergic interneurons, taking into account the results of postmortem, neuroimaging, molecule-genetic, electrophysiological studies in humans and fundamental studies in animals, are discussed. The author suggests that one of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia may be a disturbance of myelination of GABAergic interneurons leading to a decrease in the number of intra- and interhemispheric coherent connections, and eventually to the development of symptoms of the disease.
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91
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Oprisan SA, Clementsmith X, Tompa T, Lavin A. Dopamine receptor antagonists effects on low-dimensional attractors of local field potentials in optogenetic mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223469. [PMID: 31618234 PMCID: PMC6795423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of acute cocaine injection or dopamine (DA) receptor antagonists on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) gamma oscillations and their relationship to short term neuroadaptation that may mediate addiction. For this purpose, optogenetically evoked local field potentials (LFPs) in response to a brief 10 ms laser light pulse were recorded from 17 mice. D1-like receptor antagonist SCH 23390 or D2-like receptor antagonist sulpiride, or both, were administered either before or after cocaine. A Euclidian distance-based dendrogram classifier separated the 100 trials for each animal in disjoint clusters. When baseline and DA receptor antagonists trials were combined in a single trial, a minimum of 20% overlap occurred in some dendrogram clusters, which suggests a possible common, invariant, dynamic mechanism shared by both baseline and DA receptor antagonists data. The delay-embedding method of neural activity reconstruction was performed using the correlation time and mutual information to determine the lag/correlation time of LFPs and false nearest neighbors to determine the embedding dimension. We found that DA receptor antagonists applied before cocaine cancels out the effect of cocaine and leaves the lag time distributions at baseline values. On the other hand, cocaine applied after DA receptor antagonists shifts the lag time distributions to longer durations, i.e. increase the correlation time of LFPs. Fourier analysis showed that a reasonable accurate decomposition of the LFP data can be obtained with a relatively small (less than ten) Fourier coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorinel A. Oprisan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Xandre Clementsmith
- Department of Computer Science, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Tamas Tompa
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- Faculty of Healthcare, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Antonieta Lavin
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
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92
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Taylor SF, Grove TB, Ellingrod VL, Tso IF. The Fragile Brain: Stress Vulnerability, Negative Affect and GABAergic Neurocircuits in Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:1170-1183. [PMID: 31150555 PMCID: PMC6811817 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Persons with schizophrenia exhibit sensitivity to stress and negative affect (NA), both strongly correlated with poor functional outcome. This theoretical review suggests that NA reflects a "fragile brain," ie, vulnerable to stress, including events not experienced as stressful by healthy individuals. Based on postmortem evidence of altered gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function in parvalbumin positive interneurons (PVI), animal models of PVI abnormalities and neuroimaging data with GABAergic challenge, it is suggested that GABAergic disruptions weaken cortical regions, which leads to stress vulnerability and excessive NA. Neurocircuits that respond to stressful and salient environmental stimuli, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the amygdala, are highly dysregulated in schizophrenia, exhibiting hypo- and hyper-activity. PVI abnormalities in lateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus have been hypothesized to affect cognitive function and positive symptoms, respectively; in the medial frontal cortex (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex), these abnormalities may lead to vulnerability to stress, NA and dysregulation of stress responsive systems. Given that postmortem PVI disruptions have been identified in other conditions, such as bipolar disorder and autism, stress vulnerability may reflect a transdiagnostic dimension of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan F Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 734-936-4955, fax: 734-936-7868, e-mail:
| | - Tyler B Grove
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Ivy F Tso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI
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93
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Involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the long-term memory effects of glucocorticoid stimulation during adolescence/young adulthood. Behav Brain Res 2019; 377:112223. [PMID: 31518662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in cognition and the effects of chronic stress. We have previously shown in mice that chronic adolescent treatment with corticosterone (CORT), to simulate stress, resulted in spatial memory deficits and markedly elevated levels of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit NR2B in adult male BDNF heterozygous mice (BDNF+/-), but not in wildtype controls (WT) or females. The aim of the present study was to further characterize this 'two hit' model, including whether these effects are long-lasting. CORT treatment was delivered in the drinking water from 6 to 9 weeks of age. As previously demonstrated, male BDNF+/- mice treated with CORT presented with a deficit in spatial memory at 11 weeks of age. However, this deficit was not maintained at 15 weeks of age. Conversely, male WT treated with CORT developed a deficit only at 15 weeks of age. There were no significant gene-environment interactions in female mice at any time point. CORT treatment caused a modest, but significant increase in NR2B levels which was independent of genotype. These results show marked age-dependent and sex-dependent effects of CORT on behaviour which are different in BDNF+/- mice than in controls.
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94
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Tan T, Wang W, Williams J, Ma K, Cao Q, Yan Z. Stress Exposure in Dopamine D4 Receptor Knockout Mice Induces Schizophrenia-Like Behaviors via Disruption of GABAergic Transmission. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:1012-1023. [PMID: 30476265 PMCID: PMC6737476 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A combination of genetic and environmental risk factors has been considered as the pathogenic cause for mental disorders including schizophrenia. Here, we sought to find out whether the abnormality of the dopamine system, coupled with the exposure to modest stress, is sufficient to trigger the manifestation of schizophrenia-like behaviors. We found that exposing dopamine D4 receptor knockout (D4KO) mice with 1-week restraint stress (2 h/d) induced significant deficits in sensorimotor gating, cognitive processes, social engagement, as well as the elevated exploratory behaviors, which are reminiscent to schizophrenia phenotypes. Electrophysiological studies found that GABAergic transmission was significantly reduced in prefrontal cortical neurons from stressed D4KO mice. Additionally, administration of diazepam, a GABA enhancer, restored GABAergic synaptic responses and ameliorated some behavioral abnormalities in stressed D4KO mice. These results have revealed that the combination of 2 key genetic and environmental susceptibility factors, dopamine dysfunction and stress, is a crucial trigger for schizophrenia-like phenotypes, and GABA system in the prefrontal cortex is a downstream convergent target that mediates some behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY,Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jamal Williams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
| | - Kaijie Ma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 716-829-3058, fax: 716-829-2344, e-mail:
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95
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Krajcovic B, Fajnerova I, Horacek J, Kelemen E, Kubik S, Svoboda J, Stuchlik A. Neural and neuronal discoordination in schizophrenia: From ensembles through networks to symptoms. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13282. [PMID: 31002202 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the substantial knowledge accumulated by past research, the exact mechanisms of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and causal treatments still remain unclear. Deficits of cognition and information processing in schizophrenia are today often viewed as the primary and core symptoms of this devastating disorder. These deficits likely result from disruptions in the coordination of neuronal and neural activity. The aim of this review is to bring together convergent evidence of discoordinated brain circuits in schizophrenia at multiple levels of resolution, ranging from principal cells and interneurons, neuronal ensembles and local circuits, to large-scale brain networks. We show how these aberrations could underlie deficits in cognitive control and other higher order cognitive-behavioural functions. Converging evidence from both animal models and patients with schizophrenia is presented in an effort to gain insight into common features of deficits in the brain information processing in this disorder, marked by disruption of several neurotransmitter and signalling systems and severe behavioural outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Krajcovic
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Fajnerova
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
- Research Programme 3 - Applied Neurosciences and Brain Imaging National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Horacek
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Research Programme 3 - Applied Neurosciences and Brain Imaging National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Eduard Kelemen
- Research Programme 1 - Experimental Neurobiology National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Kubik
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
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96
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Moslem M, Olive J, Falk A. Stem cell models of schizophrenia, what have we learned and what is the potential? Schizophr Res 2019; 210:3-12. [PMID: 30587427 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex disorder with clinical manifestations in early adulthood. However, it may start with disruption of brain development caused by genetic or environmental factors, or both. Early deteriorating effects of genetic/environmental factors on neural development might be key to described disease causing mechanisms. Establishing cellular models with cells from affected individual using the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) technology could be used to mimic early neurodevelopment alterations caused by risk genes or environmental stressors. Indeed, cellular models have allowed identification and further study of risk factors and the biological pathways in which they are involved. New advancements in differentiation methods such as defined and robust monolayer protocols and cerebral 3D organoids have made it possible to faithfully mimic neural development and neuronal functionality while CRISPR-editing tools assist to engineer isogenic cell lines to precisely explore genetic variation in polygenic diseases such as schizophrenia. Here we review the current field of iPSC models of schizophrenia and how risk factors can be modelled as well as discussing the common biological pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Moslem
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jessica Olive
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Anna Falk
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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97
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Microglia along sex lines: From brain colonization, maturation and function, to implication in neurodevelopmental disorders. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 94:152-163. [PMID: 31201858 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their traditional role as immune sentinels, recent discoveries over the last decade have shown that microglial functions now include regulation of neuronal/glial cell migration, differentiation and maturation, as well as neuronal network formation. It was thus proposed that disruption of these microglial roles, during critical periods of brain development, could lead to the pathological onset of several neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder. The prevalence of these disorders exhibits a clear distinction along sex lines with very little known about the mechanisms underlying this difference. One of the fundamental discoveries that arose from recent research into the physiological roles of microglia in neurodevelopment is their sexual dimorphism, raising the intriguing possibility that sex differences in microglial colonization, maturation and/or function in the developing brain could underlie the emergence of various neurodevelopmental disorders. This review discusses the physiological roles of microglia across neurodevelopment, these roles in the two sexes, and the recent evidence that microglial sexually dimorphic nature may contribute, at least partially, to neurodevelopmental disorders.
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98
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NMR-Based Metabolic Profiles of Intact Zebrafish Embryos Exposed to Aflatoxin B1 Recapitulates Hepatotoxicity and Supports Possible Neurotoxicity. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050258. [PMID: 31071948 PMCID: PMC6563017 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widespread contaminant of grains and other agricultural crops and is globally associated with both acute toxicity and carcinogenicity. In the present study, we utilized nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and specifically high-resolution magic angle spin (HRMAS) NMR, coupled to the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo toxicological model, to characterize metabolic profiles associated with exposure to AFB1. Exposure to AFB1 was associated with dose-dependent acute toxicity (i.e., lethality) and developmental deformities at micromolar (≤ 2 µM) concentrations. Toxicity of AFB1 was stage-dependent and specifically consistent, in this regard, with a role of the liver and phase I enzyme (i.e., cytochrome P450) bioactivation. Metabolic profiles of intact zebrafish embryos exposed to AFB1 were, furthermore, largely consistent with hepatotoxicity previously reported in mammalian systems including metabolites associated with cytotoxicity (i.e., loss of cellular membrane integrity), glutathione-based detoxification, and multiple pathways associated with the liver including amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate (i.e., energy) metabolism. Taken together, these metabolic alterations enabled the proposal of an integrated model of the hepatotoxicity of AFB1 in the zebrafish embryo system. Interestingly, changes in amino acid neurotransmitters (i.e., Gly, Glu, and GABA), as a key modulator of neural development, supports a role in recently-reported neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental effects of AFB1 in the zebrafish embryo model. The present study reinforces not only toxicological pathways of AFB1 (i.e., hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity), but also multiple metabolites as potential biomarkers of exposure and toxicity. More generally, this underscores the capacity of NMR-based approaches, when coupled to animal models, as a powerful toxicometabolomics tool.
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99
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Pathogenic potential of human SLC12A5 variants causing KCC2 dysfunction. Brain Res 2019; 1710:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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100
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Thakkar KN, Silverstein SM, Brascamp JW. A review of visual aftereffects in schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 101:68-77. [PMID: 30940436 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis-a cardinal symptom of schizophrenia-has been associated with a failure to appropriately create or use stored regularities about past states of the world to guide the interpretation of incoming information, which leads to abnormal perceptions and beliefs. The visual system provides a test bed for investigating the role of prior experience and prediction, as accumulated knowledge of the world informs our current perception. More specifically, the strength of visual aftereffects, illusory percepts that arise after prolonged viewing of a visual stimulus, can serve as a valuable measure of the influence of prior experience on current visual processing. In this paper, we review findings from a largely older body of work on visual aftereffects in schizophrenia, attempt to reconcile discrepant findings, highlight the role of antipsychotic medication, consider mechanistic interpretations for behavioral effects, and propose directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine N Thakkar
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
| | - Steven M Silverstein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Ophthalmology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Jan W Brascamp
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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