51
|
From genome editing to blastocyst complementation: a new horizon in heart transplantation? JTCVS Tech 2022; 12:177-184. [PMID: 35403039 PMCID: PMC8987386 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
52
|
O’Connor C, Brady E, Zheng Y, Moore E, Stevens KR. Engineering the multiscale complexity of vascular networks. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2022; 7:702-716. [PMID: 35669037 PMCID: PMC9154041 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-022-00447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The survival of vertebrate organisms depends on highly regulated delivery of oxygen and nutrients through vascular networks that pervade nearly all tissues in the body. Dysregulation of these vascular networks is implicated in many common human diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes and cancer. Therefore, engineers have sought to create vascular networks within engineered tissues for applications such as regenerative therapies, human disease modelling and pharmacological testing. Yet engineering vascular networks has historically remained difficult, owing to both incomplete understanding of vascular structure and technical limitations for vascular fabrication. This Review highlights the materials advances that have enabled transformative progress in vascular engineering by ushering in new tools for both visualizing and building vasculature. New methods such as bioprinting, organoids and microfluidic systems are discussed, which have enabled the fabrication of 3D vascular topologies at a cellular scale with lumen perfusion. These approaches to vascular engineering are categorized into technology-driven and nature-driven approaches. Finally, the remaining knowledge gaps, emerging frontiers and opportunities for this field are highlighted, including the steps required to replicate the multiscale complexity of vascular networks found in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen O’Connor
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Eileen Brady
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Erika Moore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Kelly R. Stevens
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA USA
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Nath AV, Ajit S, Sekar AJ, P R AK, Muthusamy S. MicroRNA-200c/429 mediated regulation of Zeb1 augments N-Cadherin in mouse cardiac mesenchymal cells. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:222-233. [PMID: 34747544 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac mesenchymal cells (CMCs) are a promising cell type that showed therapeutic potential in heart failure models. The analysis of the underlying mechanisms by which the CMCs improve cardiac function is on track. This study aimed to investigate the expression of N-Cadherin, a transmembrane protein that enhances cell adhesion, and recently gained attention for differentiation and augmentation of stem cell function. The mouse CMCs were isolated and analyzed for the mesenchymal markers using flow cytometry. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis were used to assess the expression of N-Cadherin along with its counteracting molecule E-Cadherin and their regulator Zeb1 in CMCs and dermal fibroblast. The expression level of miR-200c and miR-429 was analyzed using miRNA assays. Transient transfection of miR-200c followed by qRT-PCR, western blot analysis, and immunostaining was done in CMCs to analyze the expression of Zeb1, N-Cadherin, and E-Cadherin. Flow cytometry analysis showed that CMCs possess mesenchymal markers and absence for hematopoietic and immune cell markers. Increased expression of N-Cadherin and Zeb1 in CMCs was observed in CMCs at both RNA and protein levels compared to fibroblast. We found significant downregulation of miR-200c and miR-429 in CMCs. The ectopic expression of miR-200c in CMCs significantly downregulated Zeb1 and N-Cadherin expression. Our findings suggest that the significant downregulation of miR-200c/429 in CMCs maintains the expression of N-Cadherin, which may be important for its functional integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asha V Nath
- TIMED, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Shilpa Ajit
- Department of Applied Biology, Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anupama J Sekar
- Department of Applied Biology, Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anil Kumar P R
- Department of Applied Biology, Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Senthilkumar Muthusamy
- Department of Applied Biology, Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Shen S, Sun Y, Matsumoto M, Shim WJ, Sinniah E, Wilson SB, Werner T, Wu Z, Bradford ST, Hudson J, Little MH, Powell J, Nguyen Q, Palpant NJ. Integrating single-cell genomics pipelines to discover mechanisms of stem cell differentiation. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:1135-1158. [PMID: 34657800 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells underpin a growing sector that leverages their differentiation potential for research, industry, and clinical applications. This review evaluates the landscape of methods in single-cell transcriptomics that are enabling accelerated discovery in stem cell science. We focus on strategies for scaling stem cell differentiation through multiplexed single-cell analyses, for evaluating molecular regulation of cell differentiation using new analysis algorithms, and methods for integration and projection analysis to classify and benchmark stem cell derivatives against in vivo cell types. By discussing the available methods, comparing their strengths, and illustrating strategies for developing integrated analysis pipelines, we provide user considerations to inform their implementation and interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Shen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yuliangzi Sun
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maika Matsumoto
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Woo Jun Shim
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Enakshi Sinniah
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sean B Wilson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tessa Werner
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Zhixuan Wu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - James Hudson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melissa H Little
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joseph Powell
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Quan Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nathan J Palpant
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Testa G, Di Benedetto G, Passaro F. Advanced Technologies to Target Cardiac Cell Fate Plasticity for Heart Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179517. [PMID: 34502423 PMCID: PMC8431232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult human heart can only adapt to heart diseases by starting a myocardial remodeling process to compensate for the loss of functional cardiomyocytes, which ultimately develop into heart failure. In recent decades, the evolution of new strategies to regenerate the injured myocardium based on cellular reprogramming represents a revolutionary new paradigm for cardiac repair by targeting some key signaling molecules governing cardiac cell fate plasticity. While the indirect reprogramming routes require an in vitro engineered 3D tissue to be transplanted in vivo, the direct cardiac reprogramming would allow the administration of reprogramming factors directly in situ, thus holding great potential as in vivo treatment for clinical applications. In this framework, cellular reprogramming in partnership with nanotechnologies and bioengineering will offer new perspectives in the field of cardiovascular research for disease modeling, drug screening, and tissue engineering applications. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress in developing innovative therapeutic strategies based on manipulating cardiac cell fate plasticity in combination with bioengineering and nanotechnology-based approaches for targeting the failing heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Testa
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Nanotechnology Research—NanoBem, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giorgia Di Benedetto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Fabiana Passaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Abstract
Cardiac congenital disabilities are the most common organ malformations, but we still do not understand how they arise in the human embryo. Moreover, although cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death globally, the development of new therapies is lagging compared with other fields. One major bottleneck hindering progress is the lack of self-organizing human cardiac models that recapitulate key aspects of human heart development, physiology and disease. Current in vitro cardiac three-dimensional systems are either engineered constructs or spherical aggregates of cardiomyocytes and other cell types. Although tissue engineering enables the modeling of some electro-mechanical properties, it falls short of mimicking heart development, morphogenetic defects and many clinically relevant aspects of cardiomyopathies. Here, we review different approaches and recent efforts to overcome these challenges in the field using a new generation of self-organizing embryonic and cardiac organoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hofbauer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan M Jahnel
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sasha Mendjan
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Redd MA, Scheuer SE, Saez NJ, Yoshikawa Y, Chiu HS, Gao L, Hicks M, Villanueva JE, Joshi Y, Chow CY, Cuellar-Partida G, Peart JN, See Hoe LE, Chen X, Sun Y, Suen JY, Hatch RJ, Rollo B, Xia D, Alzubaidi MAH, Maljevic S, Quaife-Ryan GA, Hudson JE, Porrello ER, White MY, Cordwell SJ, Fraser JF, Petrou S, Reichelt ME, Thomas WG, King GF, Macdonald PS, Palpant NJ. Therapeutic Inhibition of Acid Sensing Ion Channel 1a Recovers Heart Function After Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Circulation 2021; 144:947-960. [PMID: 34264749 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.054360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the major risk factors implicated in morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease. During cardiac ischemia, the build-up of acidic metabolites results in decreased intracellular and extracellular pH that can reach as low as 6.0-6.5. The resulting tissue acidosis exacerbates ischemic injury and significantly impacts cardiac function. Methods: We used genetic and pharmacological methods to investigate the role of acid sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) in cardiac IRI at the cellular and whole organ level. Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) as well as ex vivo and in vivo models of IRI were used to test the efficacy of ASIC1a inhibitors as pre- and post-conditioning therapeutic agents. Results: Analysis of human complex trait genetics indicate that variants in the ASIC1 genetic locus are significantly associated with cardiac and cerebrovascular ischemic injuries. Using hiPSC-CMs in vitro and murine ex vivo heart models, we demonstrate that genetic ablation of ASIC1a improves cardiomyocyte viability after acute IRI. Therapeutic blockade of ASIC1a using specific and potent pharmacological inhibitors recapitulates this cardioprotective effect. We used an in vivo model of myocardial infarction (MI) and two models of ex vivo donor heart procurement and storage as clinical models to show that ASIC1a inhibition improves post-IRI cardiac viability. Use of ASIC1a inhibitors as pre- or post-conditioning agents provided equivalent cardioprotection to benchmark drugs, including the sodium-hydrogen exchange inhibitor zoniporide. At the cellular and whole organ level, we show that acute exposure to ASIC1a inhibitors has no impact on cardiac ion channels regulating baseline electromechanical coupling and physiological performance. Conclusions: Collectively, our data provide compelling evidence for a novel pharmacological strategy involving ASIC1a blockade as a cardioprotective therapy to improve the viability of hearts subjected to IRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Redd
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (M.A.R., N.J.S., H.S.C., C.Y.C., X.C., Y.S., M.A.H.A., G.F.K., N.J.P.), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (M.A.R., L.E.S.H., J.Y.S., J.F.F.)
| | - Sarah E Scheuer
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia (S.E.S., L.G., M.H., J.E.V., Y.J., P.S.M.)
- Cardiopulmonary Transplant Unit (S.E.S., Y.J., P.S.M.), St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (S.E.S., M.H., J.E.V., Y.J., P.S.M.)
| | - Natalie J Saez
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (M.A.R., N.J.S., H.S.C., C.Y.C., X.C., Y.S., M.A.H.A., G.F.K., N.J.P.), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science (N.J.S., G.F.K.), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yoshikawa
- School of Biomedical Sciences (Y.Y., M.E.R., W.G.T.), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Han Sheng Chiu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (M.A.R., N.J.S., H.S.C., C.Y.C., X.C., Y.S., M.A.H.A., G.F.K., N.J.P.), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Ling Gao
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia (S.E.S., L.G., M.H., J.E.V., Y.J., P.S.M.)
| | - Mark Hicks
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia (S.E.S., L.G., M.H., J.E.V., Y.J., P.S.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology (M.H.), St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (S.E.S., M.H., J.E.V., Y.J., P.S.M.)
| | - Jeanette E Villanueva
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia (S.E.S., L.G., M.H., J.E.V., Y.J., P.S.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (S.E.S., M.H., J.E.V., Y.J., P.S.M.)
| | - Yashutosh Joshi
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia (S.E.S., L.G., M.H., J.E.V., Y.J., P.S.M.)
- Cardiopulmonary Transplant Unit (S.E.S., Y.J., P.S.M.), St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (S.E.S., M.H., J.E.V., Y.J., P.S.M.)
| | - Chun Yuen Chow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (M.A.R., N.J.S., H.S.C., C.Y.C., X.C., Y.S., M.A.H.A., G.F.K., N.J.P.), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia (G.C.-P.)
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia (J.N.P.)
| | - Louise E See Hoe
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (M.A.R., L.E.S.H., J.Y.S., J.F.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (L.E.S.H., J.Y.S., J.F.F.)
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (M.A.R., N.J.S., H.S.C., C.Y.C., X.C., Y.S., M.A.H.A., G.F.K., N.J.P.), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Yuliangzi Sun
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (M.A.R., N.J.S., H.S.C., C.Y.C., X.C., Y.S., M.A.H.A., G.F.K., N.J.P.), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Jacky Y Suen
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (M.A.R., L.E.S.H., J.Y.S., J.F.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (L.E.S.H., J.Y.S., J.F.F.)
| | - Robert J Hatch
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (R.J.H., B.R., S.M., S.P.)
| | - Ben Rollo
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (R.J.H., B.R., S.M., S.P.)
| | - Di Xia
- Genome Innovation Hub (D.X.), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Mubarak A H Alzubaidi
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (M.A.R., N.J.S., H.S.C., C.Y.C., X.C., Y.S., M.A.H.A., G.F.K., N.J.P.), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Snezana Maljevic
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (R.J.H., B.R., S.M., S.P.)
| | | | - James E Hudson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (G.A.Q.-R., J.E.H.)
| | - Enzo R Porrello
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (E.R.P.)
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (E.R.P.)
| | - Melanie Y White
- School of Medical Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (M.Y.W., S.J.C.)
| | - Stuart J Cordwell
- School of Medical Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (M.Y.W., S.J.C.)
| | - John F Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (M.A.R., L.E.S.H., J.Y.S., J.F.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (L.E.S.H., J.Y.S., J.F.F.)
| | - Steven Petrou
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (R.J.H., B.R., S.M., S.P.)
| | - Melissa E Reichelt
- School of Biomedical Sciences (Y.Y., M.E.R., W.G.T.), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Walter G Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences (Y.Y., M.E.R., W.G.T.), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Glenn F King
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (M.A.R., N.J.S., H.S.C., C.Y.C., X.C., Y.S., M.A.H.A., G.F.K., N.J.P.), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science (N.J.S., G.F.K.), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Peter S Macdonald
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia (S.E.S., L.G., M.H., J.E.V., Y.J., P.S.M.)
- Cardiopulmonary Transplant Unit (S.E.S., Y.J., P.S.M.), St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (S.E.S., M.H., J.E.V., Y.J., P.S.M.)
| | - Nathan J Palpant
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (M.A.R., N.J.S., H.S.C., C.Y.C., X.C., Y.S., M.A.H.A., G.F.K., N.J.P.), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Gao L, Wang L, Wei Y, Krishnamurthy P, Walcott GP, Menasché P, Zhang J. Exosomes secreted by hiPSC-derived cardiac cells improve recovery from myocardial infarction in swine. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/561/eaay1318. [PMID: 32938792 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) is mediated, in part, by exosomes secreted from transplanted cells. Thus, we compared the efficacy of treatment with a mixture of cardiomyocytes (CMs; 10 million), endothelial cells (ECs; 5 million), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs; 5 million) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), or with exosomes extracted from the three cell types, in pigs after MI. Female pigs received sham surgery; infarction without treatment (MI group); or infarction and treatment with hiPSC-CMs, hiPSC-ECs, and hiPSC-SMCs (MI + Cell group); with homogenized fragments from the same dose of cells administered to the MI + Cell group (MI + Fra group); or with exosomes (7.5 mg) extracted from a 2:1:1 mixture of hiPSC-CMs:hiPSC-ECs:hiPSC-SMCs (MI + Exo group). Cells and exosomes were injected into the injured myocardium. In vitro, exosomes promoted EC tube formation and microvessel sprouting from mouse aortic rings and protected hiPSC-CMs by reducing apoptosis, maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis, and increasing adenosine 5'-triphosphate. In vivo, measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction, wall stress, myocardial bioenergetics, cardiac hypertrophy, scar size, cell apoptosis, and angiogenesis in the infarcted region were better in the MI + Cell, MI + Fra, and MI + Exo groups than in the MI group 4 weeks after infarction. The frequencies of arrhythmic events in animals from the MI, MI + Cell, and MI + Exo groups were similar. Thus, exosomes secreted by hiPSC-derived cardiac cells improved myocardial recovery without increasing the frequency of arrhythmogenic complications and may provide an acellular therapeutic option for myocardial injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA. .,Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Yuhua Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Gregory P Walcott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Philippe Menasché
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Mandrycky CJ, Howard CC, Rayner SG, Shin YJ, Zheng Y. Organ-on-a-chip systems for vascular biology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 159:1-13. [PMID: 34118217 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms involve the miniaturization of cell culture systems and enable a variety of novel experimental approaches. These range from modeling the independent effects of biophysical forces on cells to screening novel drugs in multi-organ microphysiological systems, all within microscale devices. As in living systems, the incorporation of vascular structure is a key feature common to almost all organ-on-a-chip systems. In this review we highlight recent advances in organ-on-a-chip technologies with a focus on the vasculature. We first present the developmental process of the blood vessels through which vascular cells assemble into networks and remodel to form complex vascular beds under flow. We then review self-assembled vascular models and flow systems for the study of vascular development and biology as well as pre-patterned vascular models for the generation of perfusable microvessels for modeling vascular and tissue function. We finally conclude with a perspective on developing future OOC approaches for studying different aspects of vascular biology. We highlight the fit for purpose selection of OOC models towards either simple but powerful testbeds for therapeutic development, or complex vasculature to accurately replicate human physiology for specific disease modeling and tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Mandrycky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Caitlin C Howard
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Samuel G Rayner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Yu Jung Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Nguyen J, Lin YY, Gerecht S. The next generation of endothelial differentiation: Tissue-specific ECs. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1188-1204. [PMID: 34081899 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) sense and respond to fluid flow and regulate immune cell trafficking in all organs. Despite sharing the same mesodermal origin, ECs exhibit heterogeneous tissue-specific characteristics. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can potentially be harnessed to capture this heterogeneity and further elucidate endothelium behavior to satisfy the need for increased accuracy and breadth of disease models and therapeutics. Here, we review current strategies for hPSC differentiation to blood vascular ECs and their maturation into continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoidal tissues. We then discuss the contribution of hPSC-derived ECs to recent advances in organoid development and organ-on-chip approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ying-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Pethe P, Noel VS, Kale V. Deterministic role of sonic hedgehog signalling pathway in specification of hemogenic versus endocardiogenic endothelium from differentiated human embryonic stem cells. Cells Dev 2021; 166:203685. [PMID: 33994358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been shown to have an ability to form a large number of functional endothelial cells in vitro, but generating organ-specific endothelial cells remains a challenge. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway is one of the crucial developmental pathways that control differentiation of many embryonic cell types such as neuroectodermal, primitive gut tube and developing limb buds; SHH pathway is important for functioning of adult cell of skin, bone, liver as well as it regulates haematopoiesis. Misregulation of SHH pathway leads to cancers such as hepatic, pancreatic, basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, etc. However, its role in differentiation of human ESCs into endothelial cells has not been completely elucidated. Here, we examined the role of SHH signalling pathway in endothelial differentiation of hESCs by growing them in the presence of an SHH agonist (purmorphamine) and an SHH antagonist (SANT-1) for a period of 6 days. Interestingly, we found that activation of SHH pathway led to a higher expression of set of transcription factors such as BRACHYURY, GATA2 and RUNX1, thus favouring hemogenic endothelium; whereas inhibition of SHH pathway led to a reduced expression of set of markers such as RUNX1 and BRACHURY, and an increased expression of set of markers - NFATC1, c-KIT, GATA4, CD31 & CD34, thus favouring endocardiogenic endothelium. The results of this study have revealed the previously unreported deterministic role of SHH pathway in specification of endothelial cells differentiated from human ESCs into hemogenic vs. endocardiogenic lineage; this finding could have major implications for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Pethe
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International University (SIU), Pune, India.
| | - Vinnie Sharon Noel
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International University (SIU), Pune, India.
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International University (SIU), Pune, India.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Gerbin KA, Grancharova T, Donovan-Maiye RM, Hendershott MC, Anderson HG, Brown JM, Chen J, Dinh SQ, Gehring JL, Johnson GR, Lee H, Nath A, Nelson AM, Sluzewski MF, Viana MP, Yan C, Zaunbrecher RJ, Cordes Metzler KR, Gaudreault N, Knijnenburg TA, Rafelski SM, Theriot JA, Gunawardane RN. Cell states beyond transcriptomics: Integrating structural organization and gene expression in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Syst 2021; 12:670-687.e10. [PMID: 34043964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although some cell types may be defined anatomically or by physiological function, a rigorous definition of cell state remains elusive. Here, we develop a quantitative, imaging-based platform for the systematic and automated classification of subcellular organization in single cells. We use this platform to quantify subcellular organization and gene expression in >30,000 individual human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, producing a publicly available dataset that describes the population distributions of local and global sarcomere organization, mRNA abundance, and correlations between these traits. While the mRNA abundance of some phenotypically important genes correlates with subcellular organization (e.g., the beta-myosin heavy chain, MYH7), these two cellular metrics are heterogeneous and often uncorrelated, which suggests that gene expression alone is not sufficient to classify cell states. Instead, we posit that cell state should be defined by observing full distributions of quantitative, multidimensional traits in single cells that also account for space, time, and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaytlyn A Gerbin
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tanya Grancharova
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Helen G Anderson
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jackson M Brown
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianxu Chen
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie Q Dinh
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jamie L Gehring
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gregory R Johnson
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - HyeonWoo Lee
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aditya Nath
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - M Filip Sluzewski
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matheus P Viana
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Calysta Yan
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Julie A Theriot
- Allen Institute for Cell Science, 615 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Hofbauer P, Jahnel SM, Papai N, Giesshammer M, Deyett A, Schmidt C, Penc M, Tavernini K, Grdseloff N, Meledeth C, Ginistrelli LC, Ctortecka C, Šalic Š, Novatchkova M, Mendjan S. Cardioids reveal self-organizing principles of human cardiogenesis. Cell 2021; 184:3299-3317.e22. [PMID: 34019794 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organoids capable of forming tissue-like structures have transformed our ability to model human development and disease. With the notable exception of the human heart, lineage-specific self-organizing organoids have been reported for all major organs. Here, we established self-organizing cardioids from human pluripotent stem cells that intrinsically specify, pattern, and morph into chamber-like structures containing a cavity. Cardioid complexity can be controlled by signaling that instructs the separation of cardiomyocyte and endothelial layers and by directing epicardial spreading, inward migration, and differentiation. We find that cavity morphogenesis is governed by a mesodermal WNT-BMP signaling axis and requires its target HAND1, a transcription factor linked to developmental heart chamber defects. Upon cryoinjury, cardioids initiated a cell-type-dependent accumulation of extracellular matrix, an early hallmark of both regeneration and heart disease. Thus, human cardioids represent a powerful platform to mechanistically dissect self-organization, congenital heart defects and serve as a foundation for future translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hofbauer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan M Jahnel
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Papai
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Giesshammer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alison Deyett
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Clara Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjam Penc
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katherina Tavernini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nastasja Grdseloff
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christy Meledeth
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lavinia Ceci Ginistrelli
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Ctortecka
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Šejla Šalic
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sasha Mendjan
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Yan Y, Liu F, Dang X, Zhou R, Liao B. TBX3 induces biased differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into cardiac pacemaker-like cells. Gene Expr Patterns 2021; 40:119184. [PMID: 33975000 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2021.119184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TBX3 plays a critical role in the formation of the sinoatrial node (SAN) during embryonic heart development. However, the contribution of TBX3 in driving the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)into pacemaker cells remains to be explored. RESULTS Using the pan-cardiomyocyte differentiation protocol of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC),TBX3 gene was introduced into the differentiating hiPSC on day 5 post-differentiation, and the differentiation of pacemaker-like cardiomyocytes was evaluated on day 21. The results showed that TBX3 significantly induced biased differentiation of hiPSC into pacemaker-like cells as judged by significantly increased expression of SAN-specific marker gene, SHOX2, and slightly decreased expression of SAN-detrimental transcription factor, NKX2-5. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that TBX3 plays an important role in driving the differentiation of hiPSC into pacemaker-like cells, and manipulation of TBX3 expression during pan-cardiomyocyte differentiation may lead to the development of therapeutic pacemaker cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China; College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical university, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiac Macrovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Xitong Dang
- The Key laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Rui Zhou
- The Key laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiac Macrovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Cho S, Lee C, Skylar-Scott MA, Heilshorn SC, Wu JC. Reconstructing the heart using iPSCs: Engineering strategies and applications. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 157:56-65. [PMID: 33895197 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a key component of cardiac tissue engineering, enabling studies of cardiovascular disease mechanisms, drug responses, and developmental processes in human 3D tissue models assembled from isogenic cells. Since the very first engineered heart tissues were introduced more than two decades ago, a wide array of iPSC-derived cardiac spheroids, organoids, and heart-on-a-chip models have been developed incorporating the latest available technologies and materials. In this review, we will first outline the fundamental biological building blocks required to form a functional unit of cardiac muscle, including iPSC-derived cells differentiated by soluble factors (e.g., small molecules), extracellular matrix scaffolds, and exogenous biophysical maturation cues. We will then summarize the different fabrication approaches and strategies employed to reconstruct the heart in vitro at varying scales and geometries. Finally, we will discuss how these platforms, with continued improvements in scalability and tissue maturity, can contribute to both basic cardiovascular research and clinical applications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyun Cho
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94025, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Chelsea Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94025, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Mark A Skylar-Scott
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94025, USA; Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford Children's Health, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94025, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94025, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94025, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) in Vascular Research: from Two- to Three-Dimensional Organoids. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1741-1753. [PMID: 33738695 PMCID: PMC7972819 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell technology has been around for almost 30 years and in that time has grown into an enormous field. The stem cell technique progressed from the first successful isolation of mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the 1990s, to the production of human induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the early 2000s, to finally culminate in the differentiation of pluripotent cells into highly specialized cell types, such as neurons, endothelial cells (ECs), cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and lung and intestinal cells, in the last decades. In recent times, we have attained a new height in stem cell research whereby we can produce 3D organoids derived from stem cells that more accurately mimic the in vivo environment. This review summarizes the development of stem cell research in the context of vascular research ranging from differentiation techniques of ECs and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to the generation of vascularized 3D organoids. Furthermore, the different techniques are critically reviewed, and future applications of current 3D models are reported.
Collapse
|
67
|
Wang Z, Zuo F, Liu Q, Wu X, Du Q, Lei Y, Wu Z, Lin H. Comparative Study of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells in Hydrogel-Based Culture Systems. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6942-6952. [PMID: 33748608 PMCID: PMC7970572 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived endothelial cells (ECs) are promising cell sources for drug discovery, tissue engineering, and studying or treating vascular diseases. However, hPSC-ECs derived from different culture methods display different phenotypes. Herein, we made a detailed comparative study of hPSC-ECs from three different culture systems (e.g., 2D, 3D PNIPAAm-PEG hydrogel, and 3D alginate hydrogel cultures) based on our previous reports. We expanded hPSCs and differentiated them into ECs in three culture systems. Both 3D hydrogel systems could mimic an in vivo physiologically relevant microenvironment to protect cells from shear force and prevent cell agglomeration, leading to a high culture efficiency and a high volumetric yield. We demonstrated that hPSC-ECs produced from both hydrogel systems had similar results as 2D-ECs. The transcriptome analysis showed that PEG-ECs and alginate-ECs displayed a functional phenotype due to their higher gene expressions in vasculature development, extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, and glycolysis, while 2D-ECs showed a proliferative phenotype due to their higher gene expressions in cell proliferation. Taken together, both PEG- and alginate-hydrogel systems will significantly advance the applications of hPSC-ECs in various biomedical fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqi Wang
- Department
of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fuxing Zuo
- Department
of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research
Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese
Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department
of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology
Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Xuesheng Wu
- Department
of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department
of Biological Systems Engineering, University
of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Yuguo Lei
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Zhangmin Wu
- Department
of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haishuang Lin
- Department
of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Tu C, Cunningham NJ, Zhang M, Wu JC. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Screening Platform for Drug-Induced Vascular Toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:613837. [PMID: 33790786 PMCID: PMC8006367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.613837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of potential vascular injury is an essential part of the safety study during pharmaceutical development. Vascular liability issues are important causes of drug termination during preclinical investigations. Currently, preclinical assessment of vascular toxicity primarily relies on the use of animal models. However, accumulating evidence indicates a significant discrepancy between animal toxicity and human toxicity, casting doubt on the clinical relevance of animal models for such safety studies. While the causes of this discrepancy are expected to be multifactorial, species differences are likely a key factor. Consequently, a human-based model is a desirable solution to this problem, which has been made possible by the advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In particular, recent advances in the field now allow the efficient generation of a variety of vascular cells (e.g., endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes) from iPSCs. Using these cells, different vascular models have been established, ranging from simple 2D cultures to highly sophisticated vascular organoids and microfluidic devices. Toxicity testing using these models can recapitulate key aspects of vascular pathology on molecular (e.g., secretion of proinflammatory cytokines), cellular (e.g., cell apoptosis), and in some cases, tissue (e.g., endothelium barrier dysfunction) levels. These encouraging data provide the rationale for continuing efforts in the exploration, optimization, and validation of the iPSC technology in vascular toxicology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Tu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Nathan J Cunningham
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Zhang F, Zhu Y, Chen J, Kuang W, Huang R, Duan F, Li Y, Wang L, Qiu H, Chen X, Ming J, Liu P, Du Y, Chang SCN, Chen L, Na J. Efficient endothelial and smooth muscle cell differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells through a simplified insulin-free culture system. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120713. [PMID: 33618219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle for using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) derived vascular cells for cell therapy is the lack of simple, cost-saving, and scalable methods for cell production. Here we described a simplified and chemically defined medium (AATS) for endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) differentiation. AATS medium does not contain insulin, enabling the rapid and highly efficient vascular mesoderm formation through accelerating metabolic and autophagy-enhanced mesoderm induction. Transcriptome profiling confirmed that hPSC-derived ECs and SMCs in the AATS medium closely resembled primary ECs and SMCs formed in vivo. ECs appeared to adhere and grow better in the AATS medium over other cell types, which allowed the purification of CD31+CD144+ double-positive cells. Furthermore, the AATS medium was compatible with 3D microscaffold (MS) culture, which may facilitate large-scale bioproduction of ECs. HPSC-derived ECs and SMCs in the AATS medium exhibited strong revascularization potential in treating murine ischemic models. Our study provided a cost-effective and efficient medium system to manufacture GMP compatible, off-the-shelf ECs, and SMCs to model human diseases and vascular repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhi Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yonglin Zhu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenhua Kuang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rujin Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fuyu Duan
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yaqian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jia Ming
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | - Ligong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jie Na
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Zhao YT, Fallas JA, Saini S, Ueda G, Somasundaram L, Zhou Z, Xavier I, Ehnes D, Xu C, Carter L, Wrenn S, Mathieu J, Sellers DL, Baker D, Ruohola-Baker H. F-domain valency determines outcome of signaling through the angiopoietin pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 33501432 PMCID: PMC7836102 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.19.304188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin 1 and 2 (Ang1 and Ang2) modulate angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis through engagement of their very similar F-domain modules with the Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase on endothelial cells. Despite this similarity in the underlying receptor binding interaction, the two angiopoietins have opposite effects: Ang1 induces phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), strengthens cell-cell junctions and enhances endothelial cell survival while Ang2 antagonizes these effects1–4. To investigate the molecular basis for the opposing effects, we examined the protein kinase activation and morphological phenotypes produced by a series of computationally designed protein scaffolds presenting the Ang1 F-domain in a wide range of valencies and geometries. We find two broad phenotypic classes distinguished by the number of presented F-domains: scaffolds presenting 4 F-domains have Ang2 like activity, upregulating pFAK and pERK but not pAKT, and failing to induce cell migration and tube formation, while scaffolds presenting 6 or more F-domains have Ang1 like activity, upregulating pAKT and inducing migration and tube formation. The scaffolds with 8 or more F-domains display superagonist activity, producing stronger phenotypes at lower concentrations than Ang1. When examined in vivo, superagonist icosahedral self-assembling nanoparticles caused significant revascularization in hemorrhagic brains after a controlled cortical impact injury.
Collapse
|
71
|
Dubois F, Gaignerie A, Flippe L, Heslan JM, Tesson L, Chesneau M, Haspot F, Conchon S, David L, Brouard S. Toward a better definition of hematopoietic progenitors suitable for B cell differentiation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243769. [PMID: 33320872 PMCID: PMC7737978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of inducing human pluripotent stem cells (hIPSC) offers new opportunities for cell-based therapy. Since B cells exert roles as effector and as regulator of immune responses in different clinical settings, we were interested in generating B cells from hIPSC. We differentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and hIPSC into B cells onto OP9 and MS-5 stromal cells successively. We overcame issues in generating CD34+CD43+ hematopoietic progenitors with appropriate cytokine conditions and emphasized the difficulties to generate proper hematopoietic progenitors. We highlight CD31intCD45int phenotype as a possible marker of hematopoietic progenitors suitable for B cell differentiation. Defining precisely proper lymphoid progenitors will improve the study of their lineage commitment and the signals needed during the in vitro process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Dubois
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Gaignerie
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, FED 4203, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | - Léa Flippe
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Marie Heslan
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, FED 4203, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Tesson
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Mélanie Chesneau
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Fabienne Haspot
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Conchon
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent David
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, FED 4203, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Shim WJ, Sinniah E, Xu J, Vitrinel B, Alexanian M, Andreoletti G, Shen S, Sun Y, Balderson B, Boix C, Peng G, Jing N, Wang Y, Kellis M, Tam PPL, Smith A, Piper M, Christiaen L, Nguyen Q, Bodén M, Palpant NJ. Conserved Epigenetic Regulatory Logic Infers Genes Governing Cell Identity. Cell Syst 2020; 11:625-639.e13. [PMID: 33278344 PMCID: PMC7781436 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Determining genes that orchestrate cell differentiation in development and disease remains a fundamental goal of cell biology. This study establishes a genome-wide metric based on the gene-repressive trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) across hundreds of diverse cell types to identify genetic regulators of cell differentiation. We introduce a computational method, TRIAGE, which uses discordance between gene-repressive tendency and expression to identify genetic drivers of cell identity. We apply TRIAGE to millions of genome-wide single-cell transcriptomes, diverse omics platforms, and eukaryotic cells and tissue types. Using a wide range of data, we validate the performance of TRIAGE in identifying cell-type-specific regulatory factors across diverse species including human, mouse, boar, bird, fish, and tunicate. Using CRISPR gene editing, we use TRIAGE to experimentally validate RNF220 as a regulator of Ciona cardiopharyngeal development and SIX3 as required for differentiation of endoderm in human pluripotent stem cells. A record of this paper’s transparent peer review process is included in the Supplemental Information. Perturbing genes controlling cell decisions have major implications in development or disease. However, identifying key regulatory genes from the thousands expressed in a cell is challenging. TRIAGE is a computational method that distills patterns of epigenetic repression across diverse cell types to infer regulatory genes using input gene expression data from any cell type. Demonstrating its utility, we combine single-cell RNA-seq and TRIAGE to identify and experimentally confirm novel regulators of heart development in evolutionarily distant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jun Shim
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Enakshi Sinniah
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Burcu Vitrinel
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Alexanian
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gaia Andreoletti
- Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sophie Shen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yuliangzi Sun
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brad Balderson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carles Boix
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guangdun Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering and Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Patrick P L Tam
- The University of Sydney, Children's Medical Research Institute, and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Aaron Smith
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael Piper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lionel Christiaen
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Quan Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mikael Bodén
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Nathan J Palpant
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Zhang F, Qiu H, Dong X, Wang C, Na J, Zhou J, Wang C. Transferrin improved the generation of cardiomyocyte from human pluripotent stem cells for myocardial infarction repair. J Mol Histol 2020; 52:87-99. [PMID: 33179120 PMCID: PMC7790792 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) hold great promise for the repair of the injured heart, but optimal cell production in a fully chemically defined and cost-effective system is essential for the efficacy and safety of cell transplantation therapies. In this study, we provided a simple and efficient strategy for cardiac differentiation from hPSCs and performed functional evaluation in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Using a chemically defined medium including four components, recombinant human albumin, ascorbic acid, human transferrin, and RPMI 1640, we developed a manageable and cost-effective protocol for robust generation of CMs from hPSCs. Interestingly, the addition of transferrin helped hPSCs to transit from TeSR-E8 medium to the simple cardiac differentiation medium and successfully initiated mesoderm differentiation without significant cell death. The CM generation efficiency was up to 85% based on cTnT expression. We performed transcriptome profiling from differentiation day 0 to 35, and characterized interesting dynamic change of cardiac genes. CMs derived from transferrin-supplemented simple medium have similar transcriptome and the maturation level compared to those generated in B27 minus insulin medium as well as their in vivo counterparts. Importantly, after transplantation, hPSC-derived CMs survived in the infarcted rat heart, significantly improved the physiological function and reduced fibrosis. Our study offers an easy-to-use and cost-effective method for cardiac differentiation and facilitates the translational application of hPSC-derived CMs for heart repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhi Zhang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlan Wang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Na
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changyong Wang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Li Y, Renner DM, Comar CE, Whelan JN, Reyes HM, Cardenas-Diaz FL, Truitt R, Tan LH, Dong B, Alysandratos KD, Huang J, Palmer JN, Adappa ND, Kohanski MA, Kotton DN, Silverman RH, Yang W, Morrisey E, Cohen NA, Weiss SR. SARS-CoV-2 induces double-stranded RNA-mediated innate immune responses in respiratory epithelial derived cells and cardiomyocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32995797 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.24.312553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses are adept at evading host antiviral pathways induced by viral double-stranded RNA, including interferon (IFN) signaling, oligoadenylate synthetase-ribonuclease L (OAS-RNase L), and protein kinase R (PKR). While dysregulated or inadequate IFN responses have been associated with severe coronavirus infection, the extent to which the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 activates or antagonizes these pathways is relatively unknown. We found that SARS-CoV-2 infects patient-derived nasal epithelial cells, present at the initial site of infection, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived alveolar type 2 cells (iAT2), the major cell type infected in the lung, and cardiomyocytes (iCM), consistent with cardiovascular consequences of COVID-19 disease. Robust activation of IFN or OAS-RNase L is not observed in these cell types, while PKR activation is evident in iAT2 and iCM. In SARS-CoV-2 infected Calu-3 and A549 ACE2 lung-derived cell lines, IFN induction remains relatively weak; however activation of OAS-RNase L and PKR is observed. This is in contrast to MERS-CoV, which effectively inhibits IFN signaling as well as OAS-RNase L and PKR pathways, but similar to mutant MERS-CoV lacking innate immune antagonists. Remarkably, both OAS-RNase L and PKR are activated in MAVS knockout A549 ACE2 cells, demonstrating that SARS-CoV-2 can induce these host antiviral pathways despite minimal IFN production. Moreover, increased replication and cytopathic effect in RNASEL knockout A549 ACE2 cells implicates OAS-RNase L in restricting SARS-CoV-2. Finally, while SARS-CoV-2 fails to antagonize these host defense pathways, which contrasts with other coronaviruses, the IFN signaling response is generally weak. These host-virus interactions may contribute to the unique pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Significance SARS-CoV-2 emergence in late 2019 led to the COVID-19 pandemic that has had devastating effects on human health and the economy. Early innate immune responses are essential for protection against virus invasion. While inadequate innate immune responses are associated with severe COVID-19 diseases, understanding of the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with host antiviral pathways is minimal. We have characterized the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infections in relevant respiratory tract derived cells and cardiomyocytes and found that SARS-CoV-2 activates two antiviral pathways, oligoadenylate synthetase-ribonuclease L (OAS-RNase L), and protein kinase R (PKR), while inducing minimal levels of interferon. This in contrast to MERS-CoV which inhibits all three pathways. Activation of these pathways may contribute to the distinctive pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
|
75
|
Mikryukov AA, Mazine A, Wei B, Yang D, Miao Y, Gu M, Keller GM. BMP10 Signaling Promotes the Development of Endocardial Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiovascular Progenitors. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 28:96-111.e7. [PMID: 33142114 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The embryonic endocardium is essential for early heart development as it functions to induce trabecular myocardium, the first heart tissue to form, and is the source of the cells that make up the valves and a portion of the coronary vasculature. With this potential, human endocardial cells could provide unique therapeutic opportunities that include engineering biological valves and cell-based therapy strategies to replace coronary vasculature in damaged hearts. To access human endocardial cells, we generated a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived endothelial population that displays many characteristics of endocardium, including expression of the cohort of genes that identifies this lineage in vivo, the capacity to induce a trabecular fate in immature cardiomyocytes in vitro, and the ability to undergo an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Analyses of the signaling pathways required for development of the hPSC-derived endocardial cells identified a novel role for BMP10 in the specification of this lineage from cardiovascular mesoderm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amine Mazine
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Bei Wei
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Donghe Yang
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Yifei Miao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, CuSTOM, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Gordon M Keller
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Mota C, Camarero-Espinosa S, Baker MB, Wieringa P, Moroni L. Bioprinting: From Tissue and Organ Development to in Vitro Models. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10547-10607. [PMID: 32407108 PMCID: PMC7564098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting techniques have been flourishing in the field of biofabrication with pronounced and exponential developments in the past years. Novel biomaterial inks used for the formation of bioinks have been developed, allowing the manufacturing of in vitro models and implants tested preclinically with a certain degree of success. Furthermore, incredible advances in cell biology, namely, in pluripotent stem cells, have also contributed to the latest milestones where more relevant tissues or organ-like constructs with a certain degree of functionality can already be obtained. These incredible strides have been possible with a multitude of multidisciplinary teams around the world, working to make bioprinted tissues and organs more relevant and functional. Yet, there is still a long way to go until these biofabricated constructs will be able to reach the clinics. In this review, we summarize the main bioprinting activities linking them to tissue and organ development and physiology. Most bioprinting approaches focus on mimicking fully matured tissues. Future bioprinting strategies might pursue earlier developmental stages of tissues and organs. The continuous convergence of the experts in the fields of material sciences, cell biology, engineering, and many other disciplines will gradually allow us to overcome the barriers identified on the demanding path toward manufacturing and adoption of tissue and organ replacements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mota
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Camarero-Espinosa
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew B. Baker
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Wieringa
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Optimizing the Use of iPSC-CMs for Cardiac Regeneration in Animal Models. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091561. [PMID: 32887495 PMCID: PMC7552322 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In 2006, the first induced pluripotent stem cells were generated by reprogramming skin cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells undergo fast cell division, can differentiate into many different cell types, can be patient-specific, and do not raise ethical issues. Thus, they offer great promise as in vitro disease models, drug toxicity testing platforms, and for autologous tissue regeneration. Heart failure is one of the major causes of death worldwide. It occurs when the heart cannot meet the body’s metabolic demands. Induced pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into cardiac myocytes, can form patches resembling native cardiac tissue, and can engraft to the damaged heart. However, despite correct host/graft coupling, most animal studies demonstrate an arrhythmogenicity of the engrafted tissue and variable survival. This is partially because of the heterogeneity and immaturity of the cells. New evidence suggests that by modulating induced pluripotent stem cells-cardiac myocytes (iPSC-CM) metabolism by switching substrates and changing metabolic pathways, you can decrease iPSC-CM heterogeneity and arrhythmogenicity. Novel culture methods and tissue engineering along with animal models of heart failure are needed to fully unlock the potential of cardiac myocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells for cardiac regeneration. Abstract Heart failure (HF) is a common disease in which the heart cannot meet the metabolic demands of the body. It mostly occurs in individuals 65 years or older. Cardiac transplantation is the best option for patients with advanced HF. High numbers of patient-specific cardiac myocytes (CMs) can be generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and can possibly be used to treat HF. While some studies found iPSC-CMS can couple efficiently to the damaged heart and restore cardiac contractility, almost all found iPSC-CM transplantation is arrhythmogenic, thus hampering the use of iPSC-CMs for cardiac regeneration. Studies show that iPSC-CM cultures are highly heterogeneous containing atrial-, ventricular- and nodal-like CMs. Furthermore, they have an immature phenotype, resembling more fetal than adult CMs. There is an urgent need to overcome these issues. To this end, a novel and interesting avenue to increase CM maturation consists of modulating their metabolism. Combined with careful engineering and animal models of HF, iPSC-CMs can be assessed for their potential for cardiac regeneration and a cure for HF.
Collapse
|
78
|
Ryu B, Choi SW, Lee SG, Jeong YH, Kim U, Kim J, Jung CR, Chung HM, Park JH, Kim CY. Development and evaluation of next-generation cardiotoxicity assay based on embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 32336319 PMCID: PMC7473479 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.8.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In accordance with requirements of the ICH S7B safety pharma-cology guidelines, numerous next-generation cardiotoxicity studies using human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) are being conducted globally. Although several stem cell-derived CMs are being developed for commercialization, there is insufficient research to verify if these CMs can replace animal experiments. In this study, in vitro high-efficiency CMs derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC-CMs) were compared with Sprague-Dawley rats as in vivo experimental animals, and primary cultured in vitro rat-CMs for cardiotoxicity tests. In vivo rats were administrated with two consecutive injections of 100 mg/kg isoproterenol, 15 mg/kg doxorubicin, or 100 mg/kg nifedipine, while in vitro rat-CMs and hESC-CMs were treated with 5 µM isoproterenol, 5 µM doxorubicin, and 50 µM nifedipine. We have verified the equivalence of hESC-CMs assessments over various molecular biological markers, morphological analysis. Also, we have identified the advantages of hESC-CMs, which can distinguish between species variability, over electrophysiological analysis of ion channels against cardiac damage. Our findings demonstrate the possibility and advantage of high-effi-ciency hESC-CMs as next-generation cardiotoxicity assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bokyeong Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seong Woo Choi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Jeong
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Ukjin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
iPSC-Derived Liver Organoids: A Journey from Drug Screening, to Disease Modeling, Arriving to Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176215. [PMID: 32867371 PMCID: PMC7503935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the most common treatment for patients suffering from liver failure that is caused by congenital diseases, infectious agents, and environmental factors. Despite a high rate of patient survival following transplantation, organ availability remains the key limiting factor. As such, research has focused on the transplantation of different cell types that are capable of repopulating and restoring liver function. The best cellular mix capable of engrafting and proliferating over the long-term, as well as the optimal immunosuppression regimens, remain to be clearly well-defined. Hence, alternative strategies in the field of regenerative medicine have been explored. Since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) that have the potential of differentiating into a broad spectrum of cell types, many studies have reported the achievement of iPSCs differentiation into liver cells, such as hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells. In parallel, an increasing interest in the study of self-assemble or matrix-guided three-dimensional (3D) organoids have paved the way for functional bioartificial livers. In this review, we will focus on the recent breakthroughs in the development of iPSCs-based liver organoids and the major drawbacks and challenges that need to be overcome for the development of future applications.
Collapse
|
80
|
Montero P, Flandes-Iparraguirre M, Musquiz S, Pérez Araluce M, Plano D, Sanmartín C, Orive G, Gavira JJ, Prosper F, Mazo MM. Cells, Materials, and Fabrication Processes for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:955. [PMID: 32850768 PMCID: PMC7431658 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer worldwide, with myocardial infarction (MI) responsible for approximately 1 in 6 deaths. The lack of endogenous regenerative capacity, added to the deleterious remodelling programme set into motion by myocardial necrosis, turns MI into a progressively debilitating disease, which current pharmacological therapy cannot halt. The advent of Regenerative Therapies over 2 decades ago kick-started a whole new scientific field whose aim was to prevent or even reverse the pathological processes of MI. As a highly dynamic organ, the heart displays a tight association between 3D structure and function, with the non-cellular components, mainly the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), playing both fundamental active and passive roles. Tissue engineering aims to reproduce this tissue architecture and function in order to fabricate replicas able to mimic or even substitute damaged organs. Recent advances in cell reprogramming and refinement of methods for additive manufacturing have played a critical role in the development of clinically relevant engineered cardiovascular tissues. This review focuses on the generation of human cardiac tissues for therapy, paying special attention to human pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives. We provide a perspective on progress in regenerative medicine from the early stages of cell therapy to the present day, as well as an overview of cellular processes, materials and fabrication strategies currently under investigation. Finally, we summarise current clinical applications and reflect on the most urgent needs and gaps to be filled for efficient translation to the clinical arena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Montero
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Flandes-Iparraguirre
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saioa Musquiz
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Pérez Araluce
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology – UIRMI (UPV/EHU – Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan José Gavira
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Branco MA, Cabral JM, Diogo MM. From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to 3D Cardiac Microtissues: Progress, Applications and Challenges. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E92. [PMID: 32785039 PMCID: PMC7552661 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge acquired throughout the years concerning the in vivo regulation of cardiac development has promoted the establishment of directed differentiation protocols to obtain cardiomyocytes (CMs) and other cardiac cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), which play a crucial role in the function and homeostasis of the heart. Among other developments in the field, the transition from homogeneous cultures of CMs to more complex multicellular cardiac microtissues (MTs) has increased the potential of these models for studying cardiac disorders in vitro and for clinically relevant applications such as drug screening and cardiotoxicity tests. This review addresses the state of the art of the generation of different cardiac cells from hPSCs and the impact of transitioning CM differentiation from 2D culture to a 3D environment. Additionally, current methods that may be employed to generate 3D cardiac MTs are reviewed and, finally, the adoption of these models for in vitro applications and their adaptation to medium- to high-throughput screening settings are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Margarida Diogo
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.A.B.); (J.M.S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Yang R, Liu S, Liang X, Yin N, Ruan T, Jiang L, Faiola F. F-53B and PFOS treatments skew human embryonic stem cell in vitro cardiac differentiation towards epicardial cells by partly disrupting the WNT signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114153. [PMID: 32088431 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
F-53B and PFOS are two per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) widely utilized in the metal plating industry as mist suppressants. Recent epidemiological studies have linked PFASs to cardiovascular diseases and alterations in heart geometry. However, we still have limited understanding of the effects of F-53B and PFOS on the developing heart. In this study, we employed a human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-based cardiac differentiation system and whole transcriptomics analyses to evaluate the potential developmental cardiac toxicity of F-53B and PFOS. We utilized F-53B and PFOS concentrations of 0.1-60 μM, covering the levels detected in human blood samples. We demonstrated that both F-53B and PFOS inhibited cardiac differentiation and promoted epicardial specification via upregulation of the WNT signaling pathway. Most importantly, the effects of F-53B were more robust than those of PFOS. This was because F-53B treatment disrupted the expression of more genes and led to lower cardiac differentiation efficiency. These findings imply that F-53B may not be a safe replacement for PFOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Xiaoxing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Modeling Cardiovascular Diseases with hiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes in 2D and 3D Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093404. [PMID: 32403456 PMCID: PMC7246991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the generation of cardiac disease models based on human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has become of common use, providing new opportunities to overcome the lack of appropriate cardiac models. Although much progress has been made toward the generation of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs), several lines of evidence indicate that two-dimensional (2D) cell culturing presents significant limitations, including hiPS-CMs immaturity and the absence of interaction between different cell types and the extracellular matrix. More recently, new advances in bioengineering and co-culture systems have allowed the generation of three-dimensional (3D) constructs based on hiPSC-derived cells. Within these systems, biochemical and physical stimuli influence the maturation of hiPS-CMs, which can show structural and functional properties more similar to those present in adult cardiomyocytes. In this review, we describe the latest advances in 2D- and 3D-hiPSC technology for cardiac disease mechanisms investigation, drug development, and therapeutic studies.
Collapse
|
84
|
Zhang T, Lih D, Nagao RJ, Xue J, Berthier E, Himmelfarb J, Zheng Y, Theberge AB. Open microfluidic coculture reveals paracrine signaling from human kidney epithelial cells promotes kidney specificity of endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F41-F51. [PMID: 32390509 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00069.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) from different human organs possess organ-specific characteristics that support specific tissue regeneration and organ development. EC specificity is identified by both intrinsic and extrinsic cues, among which the parenchyma and organ-specific microenvironment are critical contributors. These extrinsic cues are, however, largely lost during ex vivo cultures. Outstanding challenges remain to understand and reestablish EC organ specificity for in vitro studies to recapitulate human organ-specific physiology. Here, we designed an open microfluidic platform to study the role of human kidney tubular epithelial cells in supporting EC specificity. The platform consists of two independent cell culture regions segregated with a half wall; culture media are added to connect the two culture regions at a desired time point, and signaling molecules can travel across the half wall (paracrine signaling). Specifically, we report that in the microscale coculture device, primary human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells (HPTECs) rescued primary human kidney peritubular microvascular EC (HKMEC) monolayer integrity and fenestra formation and that HPTECs upregulated key HKMEC kidney-specific genes (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox B, adherens junctions-associated protein 1, and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 16) and endothelial activation genes (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, matrix metalloproteinase-7, and matrix metalloproteinase-10) in coculture. Coculturing with HPTECs also promoted kidney-specific genotype expression in human umbilical vein ECs and human pluripotent stem cell-derived ECs. Compared with culture in HPTEC conditioned media, coculture of ECs with HPTECs showed increased upregulation of kidney-specific genes, suggesting potential bidirectional paracrine signaling. Importantly, our device is compatible with standard pipettes, incubators, and imaging readouts and could also be easily adapted to study cell signaling between other rare or sensitive cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianzi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel Lih
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ryan J Nagao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Erwin Berthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ashleigh B Theberge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Floy ME, Mateyka TD, Foreman KL, Palecek SP. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac stromal cells and their applications in regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Res 2020; 45:101831. [PMID: 32446219 PMCID: PMC7931507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Recent advances in stem cell biology have led to the development and engineering of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiac cells and tissues for application in cellular therapy and cardiotoxicity studies. Initial studies in this area have largely focused on improving differentiation efficiency and maturation states of cardiomyocytes. However, other cell types in the heart, including endothelial and stromal cells, play crucial roles in cardiac development, injury response, and cardiomyocyte function. This review discusses recent advances in differentiation of hPSCs to cardiac stromal cells, identification and classification of cardiac stromal cell types, and application of hPSC-derived cardiac stromal cells and tissues containing these cells in regenerative and drug development applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha E Floy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Taylor D Mateyka
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Koji L Foreman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Mandrycky CJ, Williams NP, Batalov I, El-Nachef D, de Bakker BS, Davis J, Kim DH, DeForest CA, Zheng Y, Stevens KR, Sniadecki NJ. Engineering Heart Morphogenesis. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:835-845. [PMID: 32673587 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in stem cell biology and tissue engineering have laid the groundwork for building complex tissues in a dish. We propose that these technologies are ready for a new challenge: recapitulating cardiac morphogenesis in vitro. In development, the heart transforms from a simple linear tube to a four-chambered organ through a complex process called looping. Here, we re-examine heart tube looping through the lens of an engineer and argue that the linear heart tube is an advantageous starting point for tissue engineering. We summarize the structures, signaling pathways, and stresses in the looping heart, and evaluate approaches that could be used to build a linear heart tube and guide it through the process of looping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Mandrycky
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nisa P Williams
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ivan Batalov
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Danny El-Nachef
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bernadette S de Bakker
- Clinical Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Medical Biology, AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cole A DeForest
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly R Stevens
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathan J Sniadecki
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Ulmer BM, Eschenhagen T. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for studying energy metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118471. [PMID: 30954570 PMCID: PMC7042711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte energy metabolism is altered in heart failure, and primary defects of metabolic pathways can cause heart failure. Studying cardiac energetics in rodent models has principal shortcomings, raising the question to which extent human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) can provide an alternative. As metabolic maturation of CM occurs mostly after birth during developmental hypertrophy, the immaturity of hiPSC-CM is an important limitation. Here we shortly review the physiological drivers of metabolic maturation and concentrate on methods to mature hiPSC-CM with the goal to benchmark the metabolic state of hiPSC-CM against in vivo data and to see how far known abnormalities in inherited metabolic disorders can be modeled in hiPSC-CM. The current data indicate that hiPSC-CM, despite their immature, approximately mid-fetal state of energy metabolism, faithfully recapitulate some basic metabolic disease mechanisms. Efforts to improve their metabolic maturity are underway and shall improve the validity of this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel M Ulmer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Heart Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Heart Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Williams NP, Rhodehamel M, Yan C, Smith AST, Jiao A, Murry CE, Scatena M, Kim DH. Engineering anisotropic 3D tubular tissues with flexible thermoresponsive nanofabricated substrates. Biomaterials 2020; 240:119856. [PMID: 32105818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering aims to capture the structural and functional aspects of diverse tissue types in vitro. However, most approaches are limited in their ability to produce complex 3D geometries that are essential for tissue function. Tissues, such as the vasculature or chambers of the heart, often possess curved surfaces and hollow lumens that are difficult to recapitulate given their anisotropic architecture. Cell-sheet engineering techniques using thermoresponsive substrates provide a means to stack individual layers of cells with spatial control to create dense, scaffold-free tissues. In this study, we developed a novel method to fabricate complex 3D structures by layering multiple sheets of aligned cells onto flexible scaffolds and casting them into hollow tubular geometries using custom molds and gelatin hydrogels. To enable the fabrication of 3D tissues, we adapted our previously developed thermoresponsive nanopatterned cell-sheet technology by applying it to flexible substrates that could be folded as a form of tissue origami. We demonstrated the versatile nature of this platform by casting aligned sheets of smooth and cardiac muscle cells circumferentially around the surfaces of gelatin hydrogel tubes with hollow lumens. Additionally, we patterned skeletal muscle in the same fashion to recapitulate the 3D curvature that is observed in the muscles of the trunk. The circumferential cell patterning in each case was maintained after one week in culture and even encouraged organized skeletal myotube formation. Additionally, with the application of electrical field stimulation, skeletal myotubes began to assemble functional sarcomeres that could contract. Cardiac tubes could spontaneously contract and be paced for up to one month. Our flexible cell-sheet engineering approach provides an adaptable method to recapitulate more complex 3D geometries with tissue specific customization through the addition of different cell types, mold shapes, and hydrogels. By enabling the fabrication of scaled biomimetic models of human tissues, this approach could potentially be used to investigate tissue structure-function relationships, development, and maturation in the dish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisa P Williams
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Marcus Rhodehamel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Calysta Yan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Alec S T Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Alex Jiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marta Scatena
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 20205, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 20205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Karbassi E, Fenix A, Marchiano S, Muraoka N, Nakamura K, Yang X, Murry CE. Cardiomyocyte maturation: advances in knowledge and implications for regenerative medicine. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:341-359. [PMID: 32015528 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) biology has advanced to the point where we now can generate most cells of the human body in the laboratory. PSC-derived cardiomyocytes can be generated routinely with high yield and purity for disease research and drug development, and these cells are now gradually entering the clinical research phase for the testing of heart regeneration therapies. However, a major hurdle for their applications is the immature state of these cardiomyocytes. In this Review, we describe the structural and functional properties of cardiomyocytes and present the current approaches to mature PSC-derived cardiomyocytes. To date, the greatest success in maturation of PSC-derived cardiomyocytes has been with transplantation into the heart in animal models and the engineering of 3D heart tissues with electromechanical conditioning. In conventional 2D cell culture, biophysical stimuli such as mechanical loading, electrical stimulation and nanotopology cues all induce substantial maturation, particularly of the contractile cytoskeleton. Metabolism has emerged as a potent means to control maturation with unexpected effects on electrical and mechanical function. Different interventions induce distinct facets of maturation, suggesting that activating multiple signalling networks might lead to increased maturation. Despite considerable progress, we are still far from being able to generate PSC-derived cardiomyocytes with adult-like phenotypes in vitro. Future progress will come from identifying the developmental drivers of maturation and leveraging them to create more mature cardiomyocytes for research and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Karbassi
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aidan Fenix
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Silvia Marchiano
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Naoto Muraoka
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kenta Nakamura
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiulan Yang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Jiang Y, Lian XL. Heart regeneration with human pluripotent stem cells: Prospects and challenges. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:74-81. [PMID: 31989061 PMCID: PMC6965207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, ranging from congenital heart disease to adult myocardial infarction, is the leading cause of death worldwide. In pursuit of reliable cardiovascular regenerative medicine, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), offer plenty of potential cell-based applications. HPSCs are capable of proliferating indefinitely in an undifferentiated state, and are also pluripotent, being able to differentiate into virtually any somatic cell types given specific stepwise cues, thus representing an unlimited source to generate functional cardiovascular cells for heart regeneration. Here we recapitulated current advances in developing efficient protocols to generate hPSC-derived cardiovascular cell lineages, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and epicardial cells. We also discussed applications of hPSC-derived cells in combination with compatible bioactive materials, promising trials of cell transplantation in animal models of myocardial infarction, and potential hurdles to bring us closer to the ultimate goal of cell-based heart repair. HPSCs hold tremendous therapeutic potential for treating CVDs. HPSCs could differentiate into multiple cardiovascular cell lineages. Transplantation of hPSC-derived cardiovascular cells and biomaterials shows promising results, but challenges still remain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Xiaojun Lance Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Blatchley MR, Gerecht S. Reconstructing the Vascular Developmental Milieu In Vitro. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:15-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
92
|
Hackland J. Top-Down Inhibition (TDi) and Baseline Activation (BLa): Controlling Signal Transduction When Endogenous Cytokines are Ruining Your Differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 51:e98. [PMID: 31756052 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the 20 years since the first human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines were established, there have been a plethora of protocols developed that allow us to generate a wide range of human cell types in vitro. Efforts to achieve a greater degree of specificity and efficiency in generating desired cell types have resulted in increasingly complex approaches. The magnitude and timing of signals has become key, and the concept of a "fully defined" system is a forever sought-after goal with shifting goalposts. This overview discusses two related approaches that can be used to deliver a tightly regulated, intermediate-strength signal, and which can also manage the impact of endogenous signaling variation and enable a switch away from bovine serum albumin-containing medium to a better-defined system without suffering a subsequent loss of robustness or efficiency. The approaches, referred to as top-down inhibition and baseline activation, were developed to deliver intermediate levels of BMP and WNT signaling during neural crest induction from hPSC, but could be applied to a variety of other signals and differentiation systems. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Hackland
- Developmental Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Parrotta EI, Scalise S, Scaramuzzino L, Cuda G. Stem Cells: The Game Changers of Human Cardiac Disease Modelling and Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5760. [PMID: 31744081 PMCID: PMC6888119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis and mechanisms underlying cardiac diseases is mandatory for the development of new and effective therapeutic strategies. The lack of appropriate in vitro cell models that faithfully mirror the human disease phenotypes has hampered the understanding of molecular insights responsible of heart injury and disease development. Over the past decade, important scientific advances have revolutionized the field of stem cell biology through the remarkable discovery of reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These advances allowed to achieve the long-standing ambition of modelling human disease in a dish and, more interestingly, paved the way for unprecedented opportunities to translate bench discoveries into new therapies and to come closer to a real and effective stem cell-based medicine. The possibility to generate patient-specific iPSCs, together with the new advances in stem cell differentiation procedures and the availability of novel gene editing approaches and tissue engineering, has proven to be a powerful combination for the generation of phenotypically complex, pluripotent stem cell-based cellular disease models with potential use for early diagnosis, drug screening, and personalized therapy. This review will focus on recent progress and future outcome of iPSCs technology toward a customized medicine and new therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Immacolata Parrotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Loc., Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy; (S.S.); (L.S.); (G.C.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Zaunbrecher RJ, Abel AN, Beussman K, Leonard A, von Frieling-Salewsky M, Fields PA, Pabon L, Reinecke H, Yang X, Macadangdang J, Kim DH, Linke WA, Sniadecki NJ, Regnier M, Murry CE. Cronos Titin Is Expressed in Human Cardiomyocytes and Necessary for Normal Sarcomere Function. Circulation 2019; 140:1647-1660. [PMID: 31587567 PMCID: PMC6911360 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.039521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The giant sarcomere protein titin is important in both heart health and disease. Mutations in the gene encoding for titin (TTN) are the leading known cause of familial dilated cardiomyopathy. The uneven distribution of these mutations within TTN motivated us to seek a more complete understanding of this gene and the isoforms it encodes in cardiomyocyte (CM) sarcomere formation and function. METHODS To investigate the function of titin in human CMs, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate homozygous truncations in the Z disk (TTN-Z-/-) and A-band (TTN-A-/-) regions of the TTN gene in human induced pluripotent stem cells. The resulting CMs were characterized with immunostaining, engineered heart tissue mechanical measurements, and single-cell force and calcium measurements. RESULTS After differentiation, we were surprised to find that despite the more upstream mutation, TTN-Z-/--CMs had sarcomeres and visibly contracted, whereas TTN-A-/--CMs did not. We hypothesized that sarcomere formation was caused by the expression of a recently discovered isoform of titin, Cronos, which initiates downstream of the truncation in TTN-Z-/--CMs. Using a custom Cronos antibody, we demonstrate that this isoform is expressed and integrated into myofibrils in human CMs. TTN-Z-/--CMs exclusively express Cronos titin, but these cells produce lower contractile force and have perturbed myofibril bundling compared with controls expressing both full-length and Cronos titin. Cronos titin is highly expressed in human fetal cardiac tissue, and when knocked out in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived CMs, these cells exhibit reduced contractile force and myofibrillar disarray despite the presence of full-length titin. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that Cronos titin is expressed in developing human CMs and is able to support partial sarcomere formation in the absence of full-length titin. Furthermore, Cronos titin is necessary for proper sarcomere function in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived CMs. Additional investigation is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms of this novel isoform and how it contributes to human cardiac disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Zaunbrecher
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ashley N. Abel
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kevin Beussman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrea Leonard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Paul A. Fields
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Lil Pabon
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Hans Reinecke
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Xiulan Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jesse Macadangdang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Wolfgang A. Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung, Partner Site Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nathan J. Sniadecki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Charles E. Murry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Miklas JW, Clark E, Levy S, Detraux D, Leonard A, Beussman K, Showalter MR, Smith AT, Hofsteen P, Yang X, Macadangdang J, Manninen T, Raftery D, Madan A, Suomalainen A, Kim DH, Murry CE, Fiehn O, Sniadecki NJ, Wang Y, Ruohola-Baker H. TFPa/HADHA is required for fatty acid beta-oxidation and cardiolipin re-modeling in human cardiomyocytes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4671. [PMID: 31604922 PMCID: PMC6789043 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, due to mutations in hydratase subunit A (HADHA), results in sudden infant death syndrome with no cure. To reveal the disease etiology, we generated stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from HADHA-deficient hiPSCs and accelerated their maturation via an engineered microRNA maturation cocktail that upregulated the epigenetic regulator, HOPX. Here we report, matured HADHA mutant cardiomyocytes treated with an endogenous mixture of fatty acids manifest the disease phenotype: defective calcium dynamics and repolarization kinetics which results in a pro-arrhythmic state. Single cell RNA-seq reveals a cardiomyocyte developmental intermediate, based on metabolic gene expression. This intermediate gives rise to mature-like cardiomyocytes in control cells but, mutant cells transition to a pathological state with reduced fatty acid beta-oxidation, reduced mitochondrial proton gradient, disrupted cristae structure and defective cardiolipin remodeling. This study reveals that HADHA (tri-functional protein alpha), a monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase-like enzyme, is required for fatty acid beta-oxidation and cardiolipin remodeling, essential for functional mitochondria in human cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Miklas
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Elisa Clark
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Shiri Levy
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Damien Detraux
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Andrea Leonard
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Kevin Beussman
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Megan R Showalter
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Alec T Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Peter Hofsteen
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Xiulan Yang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jesse Macadangdang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Tuula Manninen
- Helsinki University Hospital, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Anup Madan
- Covance Genomics Laboratory, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Helsinki University Hospital, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nathan J Sniadecki
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Learn from Your Elders: Developmental Biology Lessons to Guide Maturation of Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Pediatr Cardiol 2019; 40:1367-1387. [PMID: 31388700 PMCID: PMC6786957 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-019-02165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer a multifaceted platform to study cardiac developmental biology, understand disease mechanisms, and develop novel therapies. Remarkable progress over the last two decades has led to methods to obtain highly pure hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) with reasonable ease and scalability. Nevertheless, a major bottleneck for the translational application of hPSC-CMs is their immature phenotype, resembling that of early fetal cardiomyocytes. Overall, bona fide maturation of hPSC-CMs represents one of the most significant goals facing the field today. Developmental biology studies have been pivotal in understanding the mechanisms to differentiate hPSC-CMs. Similarly, evaluation of developmental cues such as electrical and mechanical activities or neurohormonal and metabolic stimulations revealed the importance of these pathways in cardiomyocyte physiological maturation. Those signals cooperate and dictate the size and the performance of the developing heart. Likewise, this orchestra of stimuli is important in promoting hPSC-CM maturation, as demonstrated by current in vitro maturation approaches. Different shades of adult-like phenotype are achieved by prolonging the time in culture, electromechanical stimulation, patterned substrates, microRNA manipulation, neurohormonal or metabolic stimulation, and generation of human-engineered heart tissue (hEHT). However, mirroring this extremely dynamic environment is challenging, and reproducibility and scalability of these approaches represent the major obstacles for an efficient production of mature hPSC-CMs. For this reason, understanding the pattern behind the mechanisms elicited during the late gestational and early postnatal stages not only will provide new insights into postnatal development but also potentially offer new scalable and efficient approaches to mature hPSC-CMs.
Collapse
|
97
|
Dunn KK, Reichardt IM, Simmons AD, Jin G, Floy ME, Hoon KM, Palecek SP. Coculture of Endothelial Cells with Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Progenitors Reveals a Differentiation Stage-Specific Enhancement of Cardiomyocyte Maturation. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800725. [PMID: 30927511 PMCID: PMC6849481 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are immature in their structure and function, limiting their potential in disease modeling, drug screening, and cardiac cellular therapies. Prior studies have demonstrated that coculture of hPSC-derived CMs with other cardiac cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs), can accelerate CM maturation. To address whether the CM differentiation stage at which ECs are introduced affects CM maturation, the authors coculture hPSC-derived ECs with hPSC-derived cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and CMs and analyze the molecular and functional attributes of maturation. ECs have a more significant effect on acceleration of maturation when cocultured with CPCs than with CMs. EC coculture with CPCs increases CM size, expression of sarcomere, and ion channel genes and proteins, the presence of intracellular membranous extensions, and chronotropic response compared to monoculture. Maturation is accelerated with an increasing EC:CPC ratio. This study demonstrates that EC incorporation at the CPC stage of CM differentiation expedites CM maturation, leading to cells that may be better suited for in vitro and in vivo applications of hPSC-derived CMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin K Dunn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Isabella M Reichardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aaron D Simmons
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gyuhyung Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Martha E Floy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kelsey M Hoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Bargehr J, Ong LP, Colzani M, Davaapil H, Hofsteen P, Bhandari S, Gambardella L, Le Novère N, Iyer D, Sampaziotis F, Weinberger F, Bertero A, Leonard A, Bernard WG, Martinson A, Figg N, Regnier M, Bennett MR, Murry CE, Sinha S. Epicardial cells derived from human embryonic stem cells augment cardiomyocyte-driven heart regeneration. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:895-906. [PMID: 31375810 PMCID: PMC6824587 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The epicardium and its derivatives provide trophic and structural support for the developing and adult heart. Here we tested the ability of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived epicardium to augment the structure and function of engineered heart tissue in vitro and to improve efficacy of hESC-cardiomyocyte grafts in infarcted athymic rat hearts. Epicardial cells markedly enhanced the contractility, myofibril structure and calcium handling of human engineered heart tissues, while reducing passive stiffness compared with mesenchymal stromal cells. Transplanted epicardial cells formed persistent fibroblast grafts in infarcted hearts. Cotransplantation of hESC-derived epicardial cells and cardiomyocytes doubled graft cardiomyocyte proliferation rates in vivo, resulting in 2.6-fold greater cardiac graft size and simultaneously augmenting graft and host vascularization. Notably, cotransplantation improved systolic function compared with hearts receiving either cardiomyocytes alone, epicardial cells alone or vehicle. The ability of epicardial cells to enhance cardiac graft size and function makes them a promising adjuvant therapeutic for cardiac repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bargehr
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lay Ping Ong
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Colzani
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hongorzul Davaapil
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Hofsteen
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shiv Bhandari
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laure Gambardella
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Dharini Iyer
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fotios Sampaziotis
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florian Weinberger
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alessandro Bertero
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrea Leonard
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William G Bernard
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amy Martinson
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nichola Figg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martin R Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that pre-vascularization of tissue-engineered constructs can significantly enhance their survival and engraftment upon transplantation. Endothelial cells (ECs), the basic component of vasculatures, are indispensable to the entire process of pre-vascularization. However, the source of ECs still poses an issue. Recent studies confirmed that diverse approaches are available in the derivation of ECs for tissue engineering, such as direct isolation of autologous ECs, reprogramming of somatic cells, and induced differentiation of stem cells in typology. Herein, we discussed a variety of human stem cells (i.e., totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, oligopotent, and unipotent stem cells), which can be induced to differentiate into ECs and reviewed the multifarious approaches for EC generation, such as 3D EB formation for embryonic stem cells (ESCs), stem cell-somatic cell co-culture, and directed endothelial differentiation with growth factors in conventional 2D culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Jiacai He
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China
| | - Jianguang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China
| | - Yuanyin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Stomatological Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui Province China
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Li J, Yang KY, Tam RCY, Chan VW, Lan HY, Hori S, Zhou B, Lui KO. Regulatory T-cells regulate neonatal heart regeneration by potentiating cardiomyocyte proliferation in a paracrine manner. Theranostics 2019; 9:4324-4341. [PMID: 31285764 PMCID: PMC6599663 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal mouse heart is capable of transiently regenerating after injury from postnatal day (P) 0-7 and macrophages are found important in this process. However, whether macrophages alone are sufficient to orchestrate this regeneration; what regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation; why cardiomyocytes do not proliferate after P7; and whether adaptive immune cells such as regulatory T-cells (Treg) influence neonatal heart regeneration have less studied. Methods: We employed both loss- and gain-of-function transgenic mouse models to study the role of Treg in neonatal heart regeneration. In loss-of-function studies, we treated mice with the lytic anti-CD25 antibody that specifically depletes Treg; or we treated FOXP3DTR with diphtheria toxin that specifically ablates Treg. In gain-of-function studies, we adoptively transferred hCD2+ Treg from NOD.Foxp3hCD2 to NOD/SCID that contain Treg as the only T-cell population. Furthermore, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of Treg to uncover paracrine factors essential for cardiomyocyte proliferation. Results: Unlike their wild type counterparts, NOD/SCID mice that are deficient in T-cells but harbor macrophages fail to regenerate their injured myocardium at as early as P3. During the first week of injury, Treg are recruited to the injured cardiac muscle but their depletion contributes to more severe cardiac fibrosis. On the other hand, adoptive transfer of Treg results in mitigated fibrosis and enhanced proliferation and function of the injured cardiac muscle. Mechanistically, single-cell transcriptomic profiling reveals that Treg could be a source of regenerative factors. Treg directly promote proliferation of both mouse and human cardiomyocytes in a paracrine manner; and their secreted factors such as CCL24, GAS6 or AREG potentiate neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation. By comparing the regenerating P3 and non-regenerating P8 heart, there is a significant increase in the absolute number of intracardiac Treg but the whole transcriptomes of these Treg do not differ regardless of whether the neonatal heart regenerates. Furthermore, even adult Treg, given sufficient quantity, possess the same regenerative capability. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate a regenerative role of Treg in neonatal heart regeneration. Treg can directly facilitate cardiomyocyte proliferation in a paracrine manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiatao Li
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin Y. Yang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rachel Chun Yee Tam
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vicken W. Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shohei Hori
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kathy O. Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|