51
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Narendran N, Luzhna L, Kovalchuk O. Sex Difference of Radiation Response in Occupational and Accidental Exposure. Front Genet 2019; 10:260. [PMID: 31130979 PMCID: PMC6509159 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a well-established cause of deleterious effects on human health. Understanding the risks of radiation exposure is important for the development of protective measures and guidelines. Demographic factors such as age, sex, genetic susceptibility, comorbidities, and various other lifestyle factors influence the radiosensitivity of different subpopulations. Amongst these factors, the influence of sex differences on radiation sensitivity has been given very less attention. In fact, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has based its recommendations on a population average, rather than the data on the radiosensitivity of distinct subpopulations. In this study, we reviewed major human studies on the health risks of radiation exposure and showed that sex-related factors may potentially influence the long-term response to radiation exposure. Available data suggest that long-term radiosensitivity in women is higher than that in men who receive a comparable dose of radiation. The report on the biological effects of ionizing radiation (BEIR VII) published in 2006 by the National Academy of Sciences, United States emphasized that women may be at significantly greater risk of suffering and dying from radiation-induced cancer than men exposed to the same dose of radiation. We show that radiation effects are sex-specific, and long-term radiosensitivity in females is higher than that in males. We also discuss the radiation effects as a function of age. In the future, more systematic studies are needed to elucidate the sex differences in radiation responses across the life continuum - from preconception through childhood, adulthood, and old age - to ensure that boys and girls and men and women are equally protected across ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Narendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lidia Luzhna
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Ji K, Wang Y, Du L, Xu C, Liu Y, He N, Wang J, Liu Q. Research Progress on the Biological Effects of Low-Dose Radiation in China. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819833488. [PMID: 30833876 PMCID: PMC6393828 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819833488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human are exposed to ionizing radiation from natural and artificial sources, which consequently poses a possible risk to human health. However, accumulating evidence indicates that the biological effects of low-dose radiation (LDR) are different from those of high-dose radiation (HDR). Low-dose radiation–induced hormesis has been extensively observed in different biological systems, including immunological and hematopoietic systems. Adaptive responses in response to LDR that can induce cellular resistance to genotoxic effects from subsequent exposure to HDR have also been described and researched. Bystander effects, another type of biological effect induced by LDR, have been shown to widely occur in many cell types. Furthermore, the influence of LDR-induced biological effects on certain diseases, such as cancer and diabetes, has also attracted the interest of researchers. Many studies have suggested that LDR has the potential antitumor and antidiabetic complications effects. In addition, the researches on whether LDR could induce stochastic effects were also debated. Studies on the biological effects of LDR in China started in 1970s and considerable progress has been made since. In the present article, we provide an overview of the research progress on the biological effects of LDR in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihua Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Liqing Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ningning He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Pecking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
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53
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Gault N, Verbiest T, Badie C, Romeo PH, Bouffler S. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell responses to low radiation doses - implications for leukemia risk. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:892-899. [PMID: 30652952 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1569777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the responses of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to low doses of ionizing radiation formed an important aspect of the RISK-IR project ( www.risk-ir.eu ). A brief overview of these studies is presented here. The findings confirm the sensitivity of HSPCs to radiation even at low doses, and illustrate the substantial impact that differentiation state has upon cell sensitivity. The work provides mechanistic support for epidemiological findings of leukemia risk at dose levels used in diagnostic CT imaging, and further suggests that low-dose irradiation may facilitate bone marrow transplantation, a finding that could lead to refinements in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gault
- a CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS , Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex , France.,b Inserm U967 , Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex , France.,c CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS-U1274 Inserm-Université Paris-Diderot , Paris , France.,d CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS-U1274 Inserm-Université Paris-Sud , Paris , France
| | - Tom Verbiest
- e Public Health England , Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Oxfordshire , UK
| | - Christophe Badie
- e Public Health England , Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Oxfordshire , UK
| | - Paul-Henri Romeo
- a CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS , Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex , France.,b Inserm U967 , Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex , France.,c CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS-U1274 Inserm-Université Paris-Diderot , Paris , France.,d CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS-U1274 Inserm-Université Paris-Sud , Paris , France
| | - Simon Bouffler
- e Public Health England , Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Oxfordshire , UK
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Fukunaga H, Prise KM. Non-uniform radiation-induced biological responses at the tissue level involved in the health risk of environmental radiation: a radiobiological hypothesis. Environ Health 2018; 17:93. [PMID: 30630478 PMCID: PMC6329136 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conventional concept of radiation protection is based on epidemiological studies of radiation that support a positive correlation between dose and response. However, there is a remarkable difference in biological responses at the tissue level, depending on whether radiation is delivered as a uniform or non-uniform spatiotemporal distribution due to tissue sparing effects (TSE). From the point of view of radiation micro-dosimetry, environmental radiation is delivered as a non-uniform distribution, and radiation-induced biological responses at the tissue level, such as TSE, would be implicated in individual risk following exposure to environmental radiation. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesize that the health risks of non-uniform radiation exposure are lower than the same dose at a uniform exposure, due to TSE following irradiation. Testing the hypothesis requires both radiobiological studies using high-precision microbeams and the epidemiological data of environmental radiation-induced effects. The implications of the hypothesis will lead to more personalized approaches in the field of environmental radiation protection. CONCLUSION The detection of spatiotemporal dose distribution could be of scientific importance for more accurate individual risk assessment of exposure to environmental radiation. Further radiobiological studies on non-uniform radiation-induced biological responses at the tissue level are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Fukunaga
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE UK
| | - Kevin M. Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE UK
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55
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Lorenz E, Scholz-Kreisel P, Baaken D, Pokora R, Blettner M. Radiotherapy for childhood cancer and subsequent thyroid cancer risk: a systematic review. Eur J Epidemiol 2018; 33:1139-1162. [PMID: 30511135 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-018-0467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most of the pooled analyses and reviews reported an association between radiotherapy for childhood cancer and an increased thyroid cancer risk. Up to now this article presents the first systematic literature review on this association combined with a critical assessment of the methodological quality of the included articles. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles until May 2016. We included peer-reviewed cohort and case-control studies that investigated an association between radiotherapy for childhood cancer and the occurrence of subsequent thyroid cancer. A systematic overview is presented for the included studies. We identified 17 retrospective cohort studies, and four nested case-control studies, representing 100,818 subjects. The age range at first cancer diagnosis was 0-25.2 years. Considerable variability was found regarding study sizes, study design, treatment strategies, dose information, and follow-up periods. 20 of the 21 identified studies showed increased thyroid cancer risks associated with childhood radiation exposure. The large majority showed an increased relative risk or odds ratio confirming the association between radiotherapy and thyroid cancer although the variation in results was large. Additionally to a pooled analysis that has been published recently, we systematically included 17 further studies, which allowed us to cover information from countries that were not covered by large-scale childhood cancer survivor studies. The methodological limitations of existing studies and inconsistencies in findings across studies yielded a large study heterogeneity, which made a detailed comparison of study results difficult. There is a need to strengthen standardisation for reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lorenz
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55101, Mainz, Germany. .,Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Straße 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Scholz-Kreisel
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dan Baaken
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Roman Pokora
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria Blettner
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55101, Mainz, Germany
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56
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Lengert N, Mirsch J, Weimer RN, Schumann E, Haub P, Drossel B, Löbrich M. AutoFoci, an automated high-throughput foci detection approach for analyzing low-dose DNA double-strand break repair. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17282. [PMID: 30470760 PMCID: PMC6251879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal DNA damages induced by ionising radiation (IR) and their efficient repair is crucial to limit genomic instability. The cellular DSB response after low IR doses is of particular interest but its examination requires the analysis of high cell numbers. Here, we present an automated DSB quantification method based on the analysis of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci as markers for DSBs. We establish a combination of object properties, combined in the object evaluation parameter (OEP), which correlates with manual object classification. Strikingly, OEP histograms show a bi-modal distribution with two maxima and a minimum in between, which correlates with the manually determined transition between background signals and foci. We used algorithms to detect the minimum, thus separating foci from background signals and automatically assessing DSB levels. To demonstrate the validity of this method, we analyzed over 600.000 cells to verify results of previous studies showing that DSBs induced by low doses are less efficiently repaired compared with DSBs induced by higher doses. Thus, the automated foci counting method, called AutoFoci, provides a valuable tool for high-throughput image analysis of thousands of cells which will prove useful for many biological screening approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicor Lengert
- Theory of Complex Systems, Darmstadt University of Technology, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Johanna Mirsch
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstr. 13, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ratna N Weimer
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstr. 13, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Eik Schumann
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstr. 13, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Peter Haub
- Image Consulting, 68804, Altlußheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Drossel
- Theory of Complex Systems, Darmstadt University of Technology, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Löbrich
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstr. 13, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Niu T, Yang P, Sun X, Mao T, Xu L, Yue N, Kuang Y, Shi L, Nie K. Variations of quantitative perfusion measurement on dynamic contrast enhanced CT for colorectal cancer: implication of standardized image protocol. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:165009. [PMID: 29889046 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aacb99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is considered an important prognostic factor. With an increasing emphasis on imaging evaluation of the tumor microenvironment, dynamic contrast enhanced-computed tomography (DCE-CT) has evolved as an important functional technique in this setting. Yet many questions remain as to how and when these functional measurements should be performed for each agent and tumor type, and what quantitative models should be used in the fitting process. In this study, we evaluated the variations of perfusion measurement on DCE-CT for rectal cancer patients from (1) different tracer kinetic models, (2) different scan acquisition lengths, and (3) different scan intervals. A total of seven commonly used models were studied: the adiabatic approximation to the tissue homogeneity (AATH) model, adiabatic approximation to the homogeneity tissue with fixed transit time (AATHFT) model, the Tofts model (TM), the extended Tofts model (ETM), Patlak model, Logan model, and the model-free deconvolution method. Akaike's information criterion was used to identify the best fitting model. The interchangeability of different models was further evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis. All models gave comparable blood volume (BV) measurements except the Patlak method. While for the volume transfer constant (Ktrans) estimation, AATHFT, AATH, and ETM generated reasonable agreement among each other but not for the other models. Regarding the blood flow (BF) measurement, no two models were interchangeable. In addition, the perfusion parameters were compared with four acquisition times (45, 65, 85, and 105 s) and four temporal intervals (1, 2, 3, and 4 s). No significant difference was observed in the volume transfer constant (Ktrans), BV, and BF measurements when comparing data acquired over 65 s with data acquired over 105 s using any of the DCE models in this study. Yet increasing the temporal interval led to a significant overestimation of BF in the deconvolution method. In conclusion, the perfusion measurement is indeed model dependent and the image acquisition/processing technique is dependent. The radiation dose of DCE-CT was an average of 1.5-2 times an abdomen/pelvic CT, which is not insubstantial. To take the DCE-CT forward as a biomarker in oncology, prospective studies should be carefully designed with the optimal image acquisition and analysis technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianye Niu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, People's Republic of China. Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310019, People's Republic of China. Both authors contribute equally
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58
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Shi L, Fujioka K, Sakurai-Ozato N, Fukumoto W, Satoh K, Sun J, Awazu A, Tanaka K, Ishida M, Ishida T, Nakano Y, Kihara Y, Hayes CN, Aikata H, Chayama K, Ito T, Awai K, Tashiro S. Chromosomal Abnormalities in Human Lymphocytes after Computed Tomography Scan Procedure. Radiat Res 2018; 190:424-432. [PMID: 30040044 DOI: 10.1667/rr14976.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities and cancer risk correlates well with the radiation dose after exposure to moderate- to high-dose ionizing radiation. However, the biological effects and health risks at less than 100 mGy, e.g., from computed tomography (CT) have not been ascertained. To investigate the biological effects of low-dose exposure from a CT procedure, we examined chromosomal aberrations, dicentric and ring chromosomes (dic+ring), in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), using FISH assays with telomere and centromere PNA probes. In 60 non-cancer patients exposed to CT scans, the numbers of dicentric and ring chromosomes were significantly increased with individual variation. The individual variations in the increment of dicentric and ring chromosomes after CT procedures were confirmed using PNA-FISH analysis of PBLs from 15 healthy volunteers after in vitro low-dose exposure using a 137Cs radiation device. These findings strongly suggest that appropriate medical use of low-dose radiation should consider individual differences in radiation sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Departments of a Cellular Biology
| | | | | | - Wataru Fukumoto
- g Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kenichi Satoh
- c Environmetrics and Biometrics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology Medicine
| | | | - Akinori Awazu
- h Department of Mathematics.,i Research Center for the Mathematics on Chromatin Live Dynamics, Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | | | - Mari Ishida
- d Departments of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine
| | - Takafumi Ishida
- j Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | | | | | - C Nelson Hayes
- f Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- f Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- f Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences
| | - Takashi Ito
- k Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kazuo Awai
- g Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tashiro
- Departments of a Cellular Biology.,i Research Center for the Mathematics on Chromatin Live Dynamics, Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
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59
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Maqsudur Rashid A, Ramalingam L, Al-Jawadi A, Moustaid-Moussa N, Moussa H. Low dose radiation, inflammation, cancer and chemoprevention. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:506-515. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1484194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Al Maqsudur Rashid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Arwa Al-Jawadi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hanna Moussa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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60
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Gandhi NM. Cellular adaptive response and regulation of HIF after low dose gamma-radiation exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:809-814. [PMID: 29944059 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1493241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cellular damage due to low dose of γ-radiation (≤0.1 Gy) is generally extrapolated from observing the effects at higher doses. These estimations are not accurate. This has led to uncertainties while assessing the radiation risk factors at low doses. Although there are reports on the radiation induced adaptive response, the mechanism of action is not fully elucidated, leading to the uncertainties. One of the outcomes of low dose radiation exposure is believed to be an adaptive response. The mechanism of adaptive response is not fully understood. Therefore, the study was undertaken to understand the role of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) on radiation induced adaptive response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cells pre-exposed to low dose γ-radiation (0.1 Gy; priming dose) were exposed to 2 Gy (challenging dose) 8 h after the priming dose and studied for the adaptive response. Cell death was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and apoptosis was measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. DNA damage was measured by alkaline comet assay. HIF transcription activity was assayed using transiently transfected plasmid having HIF consensus sequence and luciferase as the reporter gene. RESULTS Cells when exposed to 0.1 Gy priming dose 8 h prior to the higher dose (2 Gy; challenging dose) results in lower amount of radiation induced damages compared to the cells exposed to 2 Gy alone. Cobalt chloride treatment in place of priming dose also results in the protection to cells when exposed to challenging dose. There was up-regulation of HIF activity when cells were exposed to priming dose, indicating the role of HIF in radiation induced response. CONCLUSION Results indicate the γ-radiation induced adaptive response. One of the mechanism proposed is up-regulation of HIF after low dose exposure, which protects the cells from damages when they are exposed to challenging dose of 2 Gy radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Motilal Gandhi
- a Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai , India
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61
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Jin F, Luo HL, Zhou J, He YN, Liu XF, Zhong MS, Yang H, Li C, Li QC, Huang X, Tian XM, Qiu D, He GL, Yin L, Wang Y. Cancer risk assessment in modern radiotherapy workflow with medical big data. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1665-1675. [PMID: 29970965 PMCID: PMC6021004 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s164980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern radiotherapy (RT) is being enriched by big digital data and intensive technology. Multimodality image registration, intelligence-guided planning, real-time tracking, image-guided RT (IGRT), and automatic follow-up surveys are the products of the digital era. Enormous digital data are created in the process of treatment, including benefits and risks. Generally, decision making in RT tries to balance these two aspects, which is based on the archival and retrieving of data from various platforms. However, modern risk-based analysis shows that many errors that occur in radiation oncology are due to failures in workflow. These errors can lead to imbalance between benefits and risks. In addition, the exact mechanism and dose-response relationship for radiation-induced malignancy are not well understood. The cancer risk in modern RT workflow continues to be a problem. Therefore, in this review, we develop risk assessments based on our current knowledge of IGRT and provide strategies for cancer risk reduction. Artificial intelligence (AI) such as machine learning is also discussed because big data are transforming RT via AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan-Li Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Forensic Identification Center, College of Criminal Investigation, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-Feng Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Song Zhong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-Cheng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Mei Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Lei He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Dracham CB, Shankar A, Madan R. Radiation induced secondary malignancies: a review article. Radiat Oncol J 2018; 36:85-94. [PMID: 29983028 PMCID: PMC6074073 DOI: 10.3857/roj.2018.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced second malignancies (RISM) is one of the important late side effects of radiation therapy and has an impact on optimal treatment decision-making. Many factors contribute to the development of RISM such as age at radiation, dose and volume of irradiated area, type of irradiated organ and tissue, radiation technique and individual and family history of cancer. Exact mechanism of RISM is unknown. But nowadays, it is a growing concern in oncology because of the increased number of cancer survivors and efforts are being made to prevent or decrease the incidence of RISM. The primary search for articles was carried via Google Scholar and PubMed with keywords included 'radiation induced malignancies, second malignancies, and chemotherapy induced malignancies'. Additional papers were found through references from relevant articles. In this review article, we have discussed about the pathogenesis, factors contributing to RISM, screening and prevention strategies of RISM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhash Shankar
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Renu Madan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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63
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Wilke CM, Braselmann H, Hess J, Klymenko SV, Chumak VV, Zakhartseva LM, Bakhanova EV, Walch AK, Selmansberger M, Samaga D, Weber P, Schneider L, Fend F, Bösmüller HC, Zitzelsberger H, Unger K. A genomic copy number signature predicts radiation exposure in post-Chernobyl breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1505-1515. [PMID: 29663366 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide and besides life style, age and genetic risk factors, exposure to ionizing radiation is known to increase the risk for breast cancer. Further, DNA copy number alterations (CNAs), which can result from radiation-induced double-strand breaks, are frequently occurring in breast cancer cells. We set out to identify a signature of CNAs discriminating breast cancers from radiation-exposed and non-exposed female patients. We analyzed resected breast cancer tissues from 68 exposed female Chernobyl clean-up workers and evacuees and 68 matched non-exposed control patients for CNAs by array comparative genomic hybridization analysis (aCGH). Using a stepwise forward-backward selection approach a non-complex CNA signature, that is, less than ten features, was identified in the training data set, which could be subsequently validated in the validation data set (p value < 0.05). The signature consisted of nine copy number regions located on chromosomal bands 7q11.22-11.23, 7q21.3, 16q24.3, 17q21.31, 20p11.23-11.21, 1p21.1, 2q35, 2q35, 6p22.2. The signature was independent of any clinical characteristics of the patients. In all, we identified a CNA signature that has the potential to allow identification of radiation-associated breast cancer at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Wilke
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Herbert Braselmann
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Julia Hess
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Sergiy V Klymenko
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vadim V Chumak
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Elena V Bakhanova
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Axel K Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Selmansberger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Samaga
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Weber
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ludmila Schneider
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
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64
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Li Y, Ge C, Feng G, Xiao H, Dong J, Zhu C, Jiang M, Cui M, Fan S. Low dose irradiation facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma genesis involving HULC. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:926-935. [PMID: 29573465 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation exposure positive correlates with tumor formation, such as breast cancer and lung cancer. However, whether low dose irradiation induces hepatocarcinogenesis and the underlying mechanism remain poorly defined. In the present study, we reported that low dose irradiation facilitated the proliferation of hepatocyte through up-regulating HULC in vitro and in vivo. Low dose irradiation exposure elevated HULC expression level in hepatocyte. Deletion of heightened HULC erased the cells growth accelerated following low dose irradiation exposure. CDKN1, the neighbor gene of HULC, was down-regulated by overexpression of HULC following low dose irradiation exposure via complementary base pairing, resulting in promoting cell cycle process. Thus, our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of low dose irradiation-induced hepatocarcinogenesis through HULC/CDKN1 signaling, and shed light on the potential risk of low dose irradiation for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in pre-clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Ge
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoxing Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiwen Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiali Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Changchun Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Mian Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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65
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Murakami M. Importance of risk comparison for individual and societal decision-making after the Fukushima disaster. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2018; 59:ii23-ii30. [PMID: 29420739 PMCID: PMC5941137 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Risk comparison is essential for effective societal and individual decision-making. After the Fukushima disaster, studies compared radiation and other disaster-related risks to determine the effective prioritizing of measures for response. Evaluating the value of risk comparison information can enable effective risk communication. In this review, the value of risk comparison after the Fukushima disaster for societal and individual decision-making is discussed while clarifying the concept of radiation risk assessment at low doses. The objectives of radiation risk assessment are explained within a regulatory science framework, including the historical adoption of the linear non-threshold theory. An example of risk comparison (i.e. radiation risk versus evacuation-related risk in nursing homes) is used to discuss the prioritization of pre-disaster measures. The effective communication of risk information by authorities is discussed with respect to group-based and face-to-face approaches. Furthermore, future perspectives regarding radiation risk comparisons are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Murakami
- Department of Health Risk Communication, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
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66
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Averbeck D, Salomaa S, Bouffler S, Ottolenghi A, Smyth V, Sabatier L. Progress in low dose health risk research. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 776:46-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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67
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Kim DC, Kang M, Biswas A, Yang CR, Wang X, Gao JX. Effects of low dose ionizing radiation on DNA damage-caused pathways by reverse-phase protein array and Bayesian networks. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2018; 15:1750006. [PMID: 28440122 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720017500068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) causing damages to Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) constitutes a broad range of base damage and double strand break, and thereby, it induces the operation of relevant signaling pathways such as DNA repair, cell cycle control, and cell apoptosis. The goal of this paper is to study how the exposure to low dose radiation affects the human body by observing the signaling pathway associated with Ataxia Telangiectasia mutated (ATM) using Reverse-Phase Protein Array (RPPA) and isogenic human Ataxia Telangiectasia (A-T) cells under different amounts and durations of IR exposure. In order to verify which proteins could be involved in a DNA damage-caused pathway, only proteins that highly interact with each other under IR are selected by using correlation coefficient. The pathway inference is derived from learning Bayesian networks in combination with prior knowledge such as Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) and signaling pathways from well-known databases. Learning Bayesian networks is based on a score and search scheme that provides the highest scored network structure given a score function, and the prior knowledge is included in the score function as a prior probability by using Dempster-Shafer theory (DST). In this way, the inferred network can be more likely to be similar to already discovered pathways and consistent with confirmed PPIs for more reliable inference. The experimental results show which proteins are involved in signaling pathways under IR, how the inferred pathways are different under low and high doses of IR, and how the selected proteins regulate each other in the inferred pathways. As our main contribution, overall results confirm that low dose IR could cause DNA damage and thereby induce and affect related signaling pathways such as apoptosis, cell cycle, and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Chul Kim
- * Department of Computer Science, University of Texas - Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX78539, USA
| | - Mingon Kang
- † Department of Computer Science, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA 30060, USA
| | - Ashis Biswas
- ‡ Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX76019, USA
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- § Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- ¶ Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390, USA
| | - Jean X Gao
- ‡ Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX76019, USA
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68
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Yoon J, Xie Y, Zhang R. Evaluation of surface and shallow depth dose reductions using a Superflab bolus during conventional and advanced external beam radiotherapy. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2018; 19:137-143. [PMID: 29427312 PMCID: PMC5849823 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate a methodology to reduce scatter and leakage radiations to patients’ surface and shallow depths during conventional and advanced external beam radiotherapy. Superflab boluses of different thicknesses were placed on top of a stack of solid water phantoms, and the bolus effect on surface and shallow depth doses for both open and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) beams was evaluated using thermoluminescent dosimeters and ion chamber measurements. Contralateral breast dose reduction caused by the bolus was evaluated by delivering clinical postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) plans to an anthropomorphic phantom. For the solid water phantom measurements, surface dose reduction caused by the Superflab bolus was achieved only in out‐of‐field area and on the incident side of the beam, and the dose reduction increased with bolus thickness. The dose reduction caused by the bolus was more significant at closer distances from the beam. Most of the dose reductions occurred in the first 2‐cm depth and stopped at 4‐cm depth. For clinical PMRT treatment plans, surface dose reductions using a 1‐cm Superflab bolus were up to 31% and 62% for volumetric‐modulated arc therapy and 4‐field IMRT, respectively, but there was no dose reduction for Tomotherapy. A Superflab bolus can be used to reduce surface and shallow depth doses during external beam radiotherapy when it is placed out of the beam and on the incident side of the beam. Although we only validated this dose reduction strategy for PMRT treatments, it is applicable to any external beam radiotherapy and can potentially reduce patients’ risk of developing radiation‐induced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyung Yoon
- Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Yibo Xie
- Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.,Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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69
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Yuan D, Xu J, Wang J, Pan Y, Fu J, Bai Y, Zhang J, Shao C. Extracellular miR-1246 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation and enhances radioresistance by directly targeting DR5. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32707-22. [PMID: 27129166 PMCID: PMC5078045 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs in the circulation have been demonstrated to be a type of signaling molecule involved in intercellular communication but little is known about their role in regulating radiosensitivity. This study aims to investigate the effects of extracellular miRNAs induced by ionizing radiation (IR) on cell proliferation and radiosensitivity. The miRNAs in the conditioned medium (CM) from irradiated and non-irradiated A549 lung cancer cells were compared using a microarray assay and the profiles of 21 miRNAs up and down-regulated by radiation were confirmed by qRT-PCR. One of these miRNAs, miR-1246, was especially abundant outside the cells and had a much higher level compared with that inside of cells. The expressions of miR-1246 in both A549 and H446 cells increased along with irradiation dose and the time post-irradiation. By labeling exosomes and miR-1246 with different fluorescence dyes, it was found that the extracellular miR-1246 could shuttle from its donor cells to other recipient cells by a non-exosome associated pathway. Moreover, the treatments of cells with miR-1246 mimic or its antisense inhibitor showed that the extracellular miR-1246 could enhance the proliferation and radioresistance of lung cancer cells. A luciferase reporter-gene transfer experiment demonstrated that the death receptor 5 (DR5) was the direct target of miR-1246, and the kinetics of DR5 expression was opposite to that of miR-1246 in the irradiated cells. Our results show that the oncogene-like extracellular miR-1246 could act as a signaling messenger between irradiated and non-irradiated cells, more importantly, it contributes to cell radioresistance by directly suppressing the DR5 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiao Yuan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinping Xu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiamei Fu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianghong Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunlin Shao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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70
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Candéias SM, Mika J, Finnon P, Verbiest T, Finnon R, Brown N, Bouffler S, Polanska J, Badie C. Low-dose radiation accelerates aging of the T-cell receptor repertoire in CBA/Ca mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4339-4351. [PMID: 28667356 PMCID: PMC11107572 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While the biological effects of high-dose-ionizing radiation on human health are well characterized, the consequences of low-dose radiation exposure remain poorly defined, even though they are of major importance for radiological protection. Lymphocytes are very radiosensitive, and radiation-induced health effects may result from immune cell loss and/or immune system impairment. To decipher the mechanisms of effects of low doses, we analyzed the modulation of the T-cell receptor gene repertoire in mice exposed to a single low (0.1 Gy) or high (1 Gy) dose of radiation. High-throughput T-cell receptor gene profiling was used to visualize T-lymphocyte dynamics over time in control and irradiated mice. Radiation exposure induces "aging-like" effects on the T-cell receptor gene repertoire, detectable as early as 1 month post-exposure and for at least 6 months. Surprisingly, these effects are more pronounced in animals exposed to 0.1 Gy than to 1 Gy, where partial correction occurs over time. Importantly, we found that low-dose radiation effects are partially due to the hematopoietic stem cell impairment. Collectively, our findings show that acute low-dose radiation exposure specifically results in long-term alterations of the T-lymphocyte repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge M Candéias
- CEA, Fundamental Research Division, Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute, Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, 38054, Grenoble, France.
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, CNRS, UMR5249, 38054, Grenoble, France.
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, UMR5249, University of Grenoble-Alpes, 38054, Grenoble, France.
| | - Justyna Mika
- Data Mining Group, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Paul Finnon
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, CRCE, Public Health England, Didcot, UK
| | - Tom Verbiest
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, CRCE, Public Health England, Didcot, UK
| | - Rosemary Finnon
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, CRCE, Public Health England, Didcot, UK
| | - Natalie Brown
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, CRCE, Public Health England, Didcot, UK
| | - Simon Bouffler
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, CRCE, Public Health England, Didcot, UK
| | - Joanna Polanska
- Data Mining Group, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, CRCE, Public Health England, Didcot, UK.
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71
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Rodrigues-Moreira S, Moreno SG, Ghinatti G, Lewandowski D, Hoffschir F, Ferri F, Gallouet AS, Gay D, Motohashi H, Yamamoto M, Joiner MC, Gault N, Romeo PH. Low-Dose Irradiation Promotes Persistent Oxidative Stress and Decreases Self-Renewal in Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2017; 20:3199-3211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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72
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Radiation-induced inflammatory cascade and its reverberating crosstalks as potential cause of post-radiotherapy second malignancies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 36:375-393. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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73
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Zhang J, Wu N, Zhang T, Sun T, Su Y, Zhao J, Mu K, Jin Z, Gao M, Liu J, Gu L. The value of FATS expression in predicting sensitivity to radiotherapy in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:38491-38500. [PMID: 28402275 PMCID: PMC5503548 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The fragile-site associated tumor suppressor (FATS) is a newly identified tumor suppressor involved in radiation-induced tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study was to characterize FATS expression in breast cancers about radiotherapy benefit, patient characteristics, and prognosis. Results The expression of FATS mRNA was silent or downregulated in 95.2% of breast cancer samples compared with paired normal controls (P < .0001). Negative status of FATS was correlated with higher nuclear grade (P = .01) and shorter disease-free survival (DFS) of breast cancer (P = .036). In a multivariate analysis, FATS expression showed favorable prognostic value for DFS (odds ratio, 0.532; 95% confidence interval, 0.299 to 0.947; (P = .032). Furthermore, improved survival time was seen in FATS-positive patients receiving radiotherapy (P = .006). The results of multivariate analysis revealed independent prognostic value of FATS expression in predicting longer DFS (odds ratio, 0.377; 95% confidence interval, 0.176 to 0.809; P = 0.012) for patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy. In support of this, reduction of FATS expression in breast cancer cell lines, FATS positive group significantly sensitized than Knock-down of FATS group. Materials and Methods Tissue samples from 156 breast cancer patients and 42 controls in tumor bank were studied. FATS gene expression was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). FATS function was examined in breast cancer cell lines using siRNA knock-downs and colony forming assays after irradiation. Conclusions FATS status is a biomarker in breast cancer to identify individuals likely to benefit from radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Tiemei Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hebei Province Cangzhou City Nanpi People's Hospital, Cangzhou 061500, China
| | - Yi Su
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hebei Province Cangzhou City Nanpi People's Hospital, Cangzhou 061500, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Kun Mu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Zhao Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Juntian Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin 300060, China
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74
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Revenco T, Lapouge G, Moers V, Brohée S, Sotiropoulou PA. Low Dose Radiation Causes Skin Cancer in Mice and Has a Differential Effect on Distinct Epidermal Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1355-1364. [PMID: 28100039 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The carcinogenic effect of ionizing radiation has been evaluated based on limited populations accidently exposed to high dose radiation. In contrast, insufficient data are available on the effect of low dose radiation (LDR), such as radiation deriving from medical investigations and interventions, as well as occupational exposure that concern a large fraction of western populations. Using mouse skin epidermis as a model, we showed that LDR results in DNA damage in sebaceous gland (SG) and bulge epidermal stem cells (SCs). While the first commit apoptosis upon low dose irradiation, the latter survive. Bulge SC survival coincides with higher HIF-1α expression and a metabolic switch upon LDR. Knocking down HIF-1α sensitizes bulge SCs to LDR-induced apoptosis, while upregulation of HIF-1α in the epidermis, including SG SCs, rescues cell death. Most importantly, we show that LDR results in cancer formation with full penetrance in the radiation-sensitive Patched1 heterozygous mice. Overall, our results demonstrate for the first time that LDR can be a potent carcinogen in individuals predisposed to cancer. Stem Cells 2017;35:1355-1364.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaelle Lapouge
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Moers
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvain Brohée
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Niwa O, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Globus RK, Harrison JD, Hendry JH, Jacob P, Martin MT, Seed TM, Shay JW, Story MD, Suzuki K, Yamashita S. ICRP Publication 131: Stem Cell Biology with Respect to Carcinogenesis Aspects of Radiological Protection. Ann ICRP 2016; 44:7-357. [PMID: 26637346 DOI: 10.1177/0146645315595585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This report provides a review of stem cells/progenitor cells and their responses to ionising radiation in relation to issues relevant to stochastic effects of radiation that form a major part of the International Commission on Radiological Protection's system of radiological protection. Current information on stem cell characteristics, maintenance and renewal, evolution with age, location in stem cell 'niches', and radiosensitivity to acute and protracted exposures is presented in a series of substantial reviews as annexes concerning haematopoietic tissue, mammary gland, thyroid, digestive tract, lung, skin, and bone. This foundation of knowledge of stem cells is used in the main text of the report to provide a biological insight into issues such as the linear-no-threshold (LNT) model, cancer risk among tissues, dose-rate effects, and changes in the risk of radiation carcinogenesis by age at exposure and attained age. Knowledge of the biology and associated radiation biology of stem cells and progenitor cells is more developed in tissues that renew fairly rapidly, such as haematopoietic tissue, intestinal mucosa, and epidermis, although all the tissues considered here possess stem cell populations. Important features of stem cell maintenance, renewal, and response are the microenvironmental signals operating in the niche residence, for which a well-defined spatial location has been identified in some tissues. The identity of the target cell for carcinogenesis continues to point to the more primitive stem cell population that is mostly quiescent, and hence able to accumulate the protracted sequence of mutations necessary to result in malignancy. In addition, there is some potential for daughter progenitor cells to be target cells in particular cases, such as in haematopoietic tissue and in skin. Several biological processes could contribute to protecting stem cells from mutation accumulation: (a) accurate DNA repair; (b) rapidly induced death of injured stem cells; (c) retention of the DNA parental template strand during divisions in some tissue systems, so that mutations are passed to the daughter differentiating cells and not retained in the parental cell; and (d) stem cell competition, whereby undamaged stem cells outcompete damaged stem cells for residence in the niche. DNA repair mainly occurs within a few days of irradiation, while stem cell competition requires weeks or many months depending on the tissue type. The aforementioned processes may contribute to the differences in carcinogenic radiation risk values between tissues, and may help to explain why a rapidly replicating tissue such as small intestine is less prone to such risk. The processes also provide a mechanistic insight relevant to the LNT model, and the relative and absolute risk models. The radiobiological knowledge also provides a scientific insight into discussions of the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor currently used in radiological protection guidelines. In addition, the biological information contributes potential reasons for the age-dependent sensitivity to radiation carcinogenesis, including the effects of in-utero exposure.
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López-Nieva P, Malavé M, González-Sánchez L, Fernández-Piqueras J, Fernández-Navarro P, Santos J. Transcriptomic analysis reveals sex-specific differences in the expression of Dcl1 and Fis1 genes in the radio-adaptive response of thymocytes to TRP53-mediated apoptosis. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:698. [PMID: 27581076 PMCID: PMC5007679 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radio-Adaptive Response (RAR) is a biological defense mechanism whereby exposure to low dose ionizing radiation (IR) mitigates the detrimental effects of high dose irradiation. RAR has been widely observed in vivo using as endpoint less induction of apoptosis. However, sex differences associated with RAR and variations between males and females on global gene expression influenced by RAR have not been still investigated. In addition, the response to radiation-induced apoptosis is associated with phosphorylation of TRP53 at both the serine 15 (ser-18 in the mouse) and serine 392 (ser-389 in mice) residues, but the role of these two phosphorylated forms in male and female RAR remains to be elucidated. RESULTS We analyzed the effect of administering priming low dose radiation (0.075 Gy of X-rays) prior to high dose radiation (1.75 Gy of γ-rays) on the level of caspase-3-mediated apoptosis and on global transcriptional expression in thymocytes of male and female mice. Here, we provide the first evidence of a differential sex effect of RAR on the reduction of thymocyte apoptosis with males showing lesser levels of caspase-3-mediated apoptosis than females. Analysis of transcriptomic profiles of 1944 genes involved in apoptosis signaling in radio-adapted thymocytes identified 17 transcripts exhibiting differential expression between both sexes. Among them, Dlc1 and Fis1 are closely related to the apoptosis mediated by the TRP53 protein. Our data demonstrate that overexpression of Dlc1 and Fis1 occur concomitantly with a highest accumulation of phosphoserine-18-TRP53 and caspase-3 in radio-adapted thymocytes of female mice. In an opposite way, both down-modulation of Fis1 and phosphoserine-389-TRP53 accumulation appear to be associated with protection from thymocyte apoptosis mediated by caspase-3 in males. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis performed in this work reveals for the first time sex-specific differences in gene expression influenced by RAR. Our results also suggest a sex-dependent dual role for phosphoserine-18-TRP53 and phosphoserine-389-TRP53 in the regulation of the radio-adaptive response in mouse thymocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar López-Nieva
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Center, Madrid Autonomous University (CBMSO-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Health Research, Jiménez Díaz Foundation, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Malavé
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Center, Madrid Autonomous University (CBMSO-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Health Research, Jiménez Díaz Foundation, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura González-Sánchez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Center, Madrid Autonomous University (CBMSO-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Health Research, Jiménez Díaz Foundation, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Fernández-Piqueras
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Center, Madrid Autonomous University (CBMSO-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Institute of Health Research, Jiménez Díaz Foundation, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain. .,Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Fernández-Navarro
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, 28029, Spain. .,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Santos
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Center, Madrid Autonomous University (CBMSO-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Institute of Health Research, Jiménez Díaz Foundation, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain. .,Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Effective breast cancer management and decreasing breast cancer fatalities is contingent upon reliable diagnostic procedures and treatment modalities, including those based on ionizing radiation. On the one hand, ionizing radiation is widely used for cancer diagnostics and therapy, on the other hand it is genotoxic cancer-causing agent. Here we discuss recent studies on the effects of low (diagnostic) and high (treatment) doses of ionizing radiation on healthy breast cells, breast cancer cells, and cancer cells resistant to common drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Luzhna
- a Department of Biological Sciences , University of Lethbridge , Lethbridge , AB , Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- a Department of Biological Sciences , University of Lethbridge , Lethbridge , AB , Canada
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Madas BG. Radon Exposure and the Definition of Low Doses-The Problem of Spatial Dose Distribution. HEALTH PHYSICS 2016; 111:47-51. [PMID: 27218294 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the health effects of low doses of ionizing radiation is considered to be one of the most important fields in radiological protection research. Although the definition of low dose given by a dose range seems to be clear, it leaves some open questions. For example, the time frame and the target volume in which absorbed dose is measured have to be defined. While dose rate is considered in the current system of radiological protection, the same cancer risk is associated with all exposures, resulting in a given amount of energy absorbed by a single target cell or distributed among all the target cells of a given organ. However, the biological effects and so the health consequences of these extreme exposure scenarios are unlikely to be the same. Due to the heterogeneous deposition of radon progeny within the lungs, heterogeneous radiation exposure becomes a practical issue in radiological protection. While the macroscopic dose is still within the low dose range, local tissue doses on the order of Grays can be reached in the most exposed parts of the bronchial airways. It can be concluded that progress in low dose research needs not only low dose but also high dose experiments where small parts of a biological sample receive doses on the order of Grays, while the average dose over the whole sample remains low. A narrow interpretation of low dose research might exclude investigations with high relevance to radiological protection. Therefore, studies important to radiological protection should be performed in the frame of low dose research even if the applied doses do not fit in the dose range used for the definition of low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs G Madas
- *Environmental Physics Department, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences
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79
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Current Evidence for Developmental, Structural, and Functional Brain Defects following Prenatal Radiation Exposure. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:1243527. [PMID: 27382490 PMCID: PMC4921147 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1243527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is omnipresent. We are continuously exposed to natural (e.g., radon and cosmic) and man-made radiation sources, including those from industry but especially from the medical sector. The increasing use of medical radiation modalities, in particular those employing low-dose radiation such as CT scans, raises concerns regarding the effects of cumulative exposure doses and the inappropriate utilization of these imaging techniques. One of the major goals in the radioprotection field is to better understand the potential health risk posed to the unborn child after radiation exposure to the pregnant mother, of which the first convincing evidence came from epidemiological studies on in utero exposed atomic bomb survivors. In the following years, animal models have proven to be an essential tool to further characterize brain developmental defects and consequent functional deficits. However, the identification of a possible dose threshold is far from complete and a sound link between early defects and persistent anomalies has not yet been established. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on brain developmental and persistent defects resulting from in utero radiation exposure and addresses the many questions that still remain to be answered.
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80
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Lorat Y, Schanz S, Rübe CE. Ultrastructural Insights into the Biological Significance of Persisting DNA Damage Foci after Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5300-5311. [PMID: 27199493 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) enables the delivery of high doses to target volume while sparing surrounding nontargeted tissues. IMRT treatment, however, substantially increases the normal tissue volume receiving low-dose irradiation, but the biologic consequences are unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using mouse strains that varied in genetic DNA repair capacity, we investigated the DNA damage response of cortical neurons during daily low-dose irradiation (0.1 Gy). Using light and electron microscopic approaches, we enumerated and characterized DNA damage foci as marker for double-strand breaks (DSBs). RESULTS During repeated low-dose irradiation, cortical neurons in brain tissues of all mouse strains had a significant increase of persisting foci with cumulative doses, with the most pronounced accumulation of large-sized foci in repair-deficient mice. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that persisting foci in repair-proficient neurons reflect chromatin alterations in heterochromatin, but not persistently unrepaired DSBs. Repair-deficient SCID neurons, by contrast, showed high numbers of unrepaired DSBs in eu- and heterochromatin, emphasizing the fundamental role of DNA-PKcs in DSB rejoining, independent of chromatin status. In repair-deficient ATM-/- neurons, large persisting damage foci reflect multiple unrepaired DSBs concentrated at the boundary of heterochromatin due to disturbed KAP1 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Repeated low-dose irradiation leads to the accumulation of persisting DNA damage foci in cortical neurons and thus may adversely affect brain tissue and increase the risk of carcinogenesis. Multiple unrepaired DSBs account for large-sized foci in repair-deficient neurons, thus quantifying foci alone may underestimate extent and complexity of persistent DNA damage. Clin Cancer Res; 22(21); 5300-11. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Lorat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schanz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Claudia E Rübe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saarland, Germany.
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81
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Karapiperis C, Kempf SJ, Quintens R, Azimzadeh O, Vidal VL, Pazzaglia S, Bazyka D, Mastroberardino PG, Scouras ZG, Tapio S, Benotmane MA, Ouzounis CA. Brain Radiation Information Data Exchange (BRIDE): integration of experimental data from low-dose ionising radiation research for pathway discovery. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:212. [PMID: 27170263 PMCID: PMC4865096 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying molecular processes representing stress responses to low-dose ionising radiation (LDIR) in mammals are just beginning to be understood. In particular, LDIR effects on the brain and their possible association with neurodegenerative disease are currently being explored using omics technologies. RESULTS We describe a light-weight approach for the storage, analysis and distribution of relevant LDIR omics datasets. The data integration platform, called BRIDE, contains information from the literature as well as experimental information from transcriptomics and proteomics studies. It deploys a hybrid, distributed solution using both local storage and cloud technology. CONCLUSIONS BRIDE can act as a knowledge broker for LDIR researchers, to facilitate molecular research on the systems biology of LDIR response in mammals. Its flexible design can capture a range of experimental information for genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. The data collection is available at: .
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Karapiperis
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessalonica, 54124, Thessalonica, Greece
| | - Stefan J Kempf
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Roel Quintens
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Victoria Linares Vidal
- School of Medicine, IISPV, "Rovira i Virgili" University, Sant Llorens 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Simonetta Pazzaglia
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology & Biomedicine, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA) Centro Ricerche Casaccia, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Dimitry Bazyka
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Melnykov str. 53, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | | | - Zacharias G Scouras
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessalonica, 54124, Thessalonica, Greece
| | - Soile Tapio
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | | | - Christos A Ouzounis
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessalonica, 54124, Thessalonica, Greece.
- Biological Process & Computation Laboratory (BCPL), Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessalonica, 57001, Greece.
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82
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Ruiz-Saurí A, Valencia-Villa G, Romanenko A, Pérez J, García R, García H, Benavent J, Sancho-Tello M, Carda C, Llombart-Bosch A. Influence of Exposure to Chronic Persistent Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation on the Tumor Biology of Clear-Cell Renal-Cell Carcinoma. An Immunohistochemical and Morphometric Study of Angiogenesis and Vascular Related Factors. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 22:807-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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83
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Resistance of Feather-Associated Bacteria to Intermediate Levels of Ionizing Radiation near Chernobyl. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22969. [PMID: 26976674 PMCID: PMC4792135 DOI: 10.1038/srep22969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation has been shown to produce negative effects on organisms, although little is known about its ecological and evolutionary effects. As a study model, we isolated bacteria associated with feathers from barn swallows Hirundo rustica from three study areas around Chernobyl differing in background ionizing radiation levels and one control study site in Denmark. Each bacterial community was exposed to four different γ radiation doses ranging from 0.46 to 3.96 kGy to test whether chronic exposure to radiation had selected for resistant bacterial strains. Experimental radiation duration had an increasingly overall negative effect on the survival of all bacterial communities. After exposure to γ radiation, bacteria isolated from the site with intermediate background radiation levels survived better and produced more colonies than the bacterial communities from other study sites with higher or lower background radiation levels. Long-term effects of radiation in natural populations might be an important selective pressure on traits of bacteria that facilitate survival in certain environments. Our findings indicate the importance of further studies to understand the proximate mechanisms acting to buffer the negative effects of ionizing radiation in natural populations.
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84
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Roobottom CA, Loader R. Virtual Special Issue Radiation dose reduction in CT: dose optimisation gains both increasing importance and complexity! Clin Radiol 2016; 71:438-41. [PMID: 26983651 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C A Roobottom
- Department of Radiology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK.
| | - R Loader
- Department of Physics, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK
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85
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Hauptmann M, Haghdoost S, Gomolka M, Sarioglu H, Ueffing M, Dietz A, Kulka U, Unger K, Babini G, Harms-Ringdahl M, Ottolenghi A, Hornhardt S. Differential Response and Priming Dose Effect on the Proteome of Human Fibroblast and Stem Cells Induced by Exposure to Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation. Radiat Res 2016; 185:299-312. [PMID: 26934482 DOI: 10.1667/rr14226.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that a mechanistic understanding of the cellular responses to low dose and dose rate may be valuable in reducing some of the uncertainties involved in current risk estimates for cancer- and non-cancer-related radiation effects that are inherited in the linear no-threshold hypothesis. In this study, the effects of low-dose radiation on the proteome in both human fibroblasts and stem cells were investigated. Particular emphasis was placed on examining: 1. the dose-response relationships for the differential expression of proteins in the low-dose range (40-140 mGy) of low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation; and 2. the effect on differential expression of proteins of a priming dose given prior to a challenge dose (adaptive response effects). These studies were performed on cultured human fibroblasts (VH10) and human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC). The results from the VH10 cell experiments demonstrated that low-doses of low-LET radiation induced unique patterns of differentially expressed proteins for each dose investigated. In addition, a low priming radiation dose significantly changed the protein expression induced by the subsequent challenge exposure. In the ADSC the number of differentially expressed proteins was markedly less compared to VH10 cells, indicating that ADSC differ in their intrinsic response to low doses of radiation. The proteomic results are further discussed in terms of possible pathways influenced by low-dose irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Hauptmann
- a Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department SG Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- c Center for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Gomolka
- a Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department SG Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Hakan Sarioglu
- b Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Protein Science, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- b Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Protein Science, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne Dietz
- a Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department SG Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kulka
- a Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department SG Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- d Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Radiation Cytogenetics, Neuherberg, Germany; and
| | | | - Mats Harms-Ringdahl
- c Center for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sabine Hornhardt
- a Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department SG Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Wei KC, Lin HY, Hung SK, Huang YT, Lee MS, Wang WH, Wu CS, Su YC, Shen BJ, Tsai SJ, Tsai WT, Chen LC, Li CY, Chiou WY. Leukemia Risk After Cardiac Fluoroscopic Interventions Stratified by Procedure Number, Exposure Latent Time, and Sex: A Nationwide Population-Based Case-Control Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2953. [PMID: 26962795 PMCID: PMC4998876 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of cardiac fluoroscopic interventions have increased rapidly worldwide over the past decade. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and stent implantation have become increasingly popular, and these advancements have allowed patients to receive repetitive treatments for restenosis. However, these advancements also significantly increase radiation exposure that may lead to higher cumulative doses of radiation. In the present study, a nationwide population-based case-controlled study was used to explore the risk of leukemia after cardiac angiographic fluoroscopic intervention.A total of 5026 patients with leukemia and 100,520 control patients matched for age and sex (1:20) by a propensity score method without any cancer history were enrolled using the Registry Data for Catastrophic Illness and the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan between 2008 and 2010. All subjects were retrospectively surveyed (from year 2000) to determine receipt of cardiac fluoroscopic interventions. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression models, and estimated crude and adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval).After adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities, PTCA was found to be associated with an increased risk of leukemia with an adjusted OR of 1.566 (95% CI, 1.282-1.912), whereas coronary angiography alone without PTCA and cardiac electrophysiologic study were not. Our results also showed that an increased frequency of PTCA and coronary angiography was associated with a higher risk of leukemia (adjusted OR: 1.326 to 1.530 [all P < 0.05]). Gender subgroup analyses demonstrated that men were associated with a higher risk of leukemia compared with women.These results provide additional data in the quantification of the long-term health effects of radiation exposure derived from the cardiac fluoroscopic diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. PTCA alone or PTCA with coronary angiography was associated with an elevated risk of leukemia. Continued follow-up of existing cohorts will be valuable to help assess lifetime risks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Che Wei
- From the Department of Dermatology (K-CW, C-SW), Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung; Institute of Clinical Medicine (K-CW), College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan; Faculty of Yuhing Junior College of Health Care and Management (K-CW), Kaohsiung; Department of Radiation Oncology (H-YL, S-KH, M-SL, BJS, S-JT, W-TT, L-CC, W-YC), Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi; School of Medicine (H-YL, S-KH, M-SL, B-JS, Y-CS, W-YC), Tzu Chi University, Hualien; Master Degree Program in Aging and Long-Term Care (Y-TH), College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University; Department of Cardiology (W-HW), Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung; Division of Hematology Oncology (Y-CS), Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences (W-TT), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei; Department of Public Health (C-YL, W-YC), College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan; and Department of Public Health (C-YL), China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Premkumar K, Shankar BS. Involvement of MAPK signalling in radioadaptive response in BALB/c mice exposed to low dose ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:249-62. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1146829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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88
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O'Leary VB, Ovsepian SV, Carrascosa LG, Buske FA, Radulovic V, Niyazi M, Moertl S, Trau M, Atkinson MJ, Anastasov N. PARTICLE, a Triplex-Forming Long ncRNA, Regulates Locus-Specific Methylation in Response to Low-Dose Irradiation. Cell Rep 2016; 11:474-85. [PMID: 25900080 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to low-dose irradiation causes transiently elevated expression of the long ncRNA PARTICLE (gene PARTICLE, promoter of MAT2A-antisense radiation-induced circulating lncRNA). PARTICLE affords both a cytosolic scaffold for the tumor suppressor methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT2A) and a nuclear genetic platform for transcriptional repression. In situ hybridization discloses that PARTICLE and MAT2A associate together following irradiation. Bromouridine tracing and presence in exosomes indicate intercellular transport, and this is supported by ex vivo data from radiotherapy-treated patients. Surface plasmon resonance indicates that PARTICLE forms a DNA-lncRNA triplex upstream of a MAT2A promoter CpG island. We show that PARTICLE represses MAT2A via methylation and demonstrate that the radiation-induced PARTICLE interacts with the transcription-repressive complex proteins G9a and SUZ12 (subunit of PRC2). The interplay of PARTICLE with MAT2A implicates this lncRNA in intercellular communication and as a recruitment platform for gene-silencing machineries through triplex formation in response to irradiation.
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89
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Fukunaga H, Yokoya A. Low-dose radiation risk and individual variation in radiation sensitivity in Fukushima. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57:98-100. [PMID: 26345459 PMCID: PMC4708912 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Fukunaga
- Soma General Hospital, 142 Tsubogasaku, Niinuma, Soma, Fukushima 976-0011, Japan
| | - Akinari Yokoya
- Research Group for Radiation and Biomolecular Science, Quantum Beam Science Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
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90
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Werner E, Wang H, Doetsch PW. Role of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Radiation-Induced Genomic Instability in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Radiat Res 2015; 184:621-9. [PMID: 26579942 DOI: 10.1667/rr14045.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the regulation of radiation-induced genomic instability in the hematopoietic system and have also been shown to induce chronic DNA damage responses in radiation-induced senescence. We have previously shown that human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT) have increased genomic instability and IL-8 production persisting at day 7 after exposure to high-LET (600 MeV/nucleon (56)Fe ions) compared to low-LET (320 keV X rays) radiation. Thus, we investigated whether IL-8 induction is part of a broader pro-inflammatory response produced by the epithelial cells in response to damage, which influences genomic instability measured by increased micronuclei and DNA repair foci frequencies. We found that exposure to radiation induced the release of multiple inflammatory cytokines into the media, including GM-CSF, GROα, IL-1α, IL-8 and the inflammation modulator, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). Our results suggest that this is an IL-1α-driven response, because an identical signature was induced by the addition of recombinant IL-1α to nonirradiated cells and functional interference with recombinant IL-1RA (Anakinra) or anti-IL-1α function-blocking antibody, decreased IL-8 production induced by radiation exposure. However, genomic instability was not influenced by this pathway as addition of recombinant IL-1α to naive or irradiated cells or the presence of IL-1 RA under the same conditions as those that interfered with the function of IL-8, did not affect micronuclei or DNA repair foci frequencies measured at day 7 after exposure. While dose-response studies revealed that genomic instability and IL-8 production are the consequences of targeted effects, experiments employing a co-culture transwell system revealed the propagation of pro-inflammatory responses but not genomic instability from irradiated to nonirradiated cells. Collectively, these results point to a cell-autonomous mechanism sustaining radiation-induced genomic instability in this model system and suggest that while molecules associated with these mechanisms could be markers for persisting damage, they reflect two different outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Werner
- a Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Huichen Wang
- b Department of Physics, Radiation Institute for Science and Engineering (RaISE), Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas; and
| | - Paul W Doetsch
- a Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia;,c Departments of Radiation Oncology and Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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91
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Selmansberger M, Braselmann H, Hess J, Bogdanova T, Abend M, Tronko M, Brenner A, Zitzelsberger H, Unger K. Genomic copy number analysis of Chernobyl papillary thyroid carcinoma in the Ukrainian-American Cohort. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:1381-7. [PMID: 26320103 PMCID: PMC4635667 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major consequences of the 1986 Chernobyl reactor accident was a dramatic increase in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) incidence, predominantly in patients exposed to the radioiodine fallout at young age. The present study is the first on genomic copy number alterations (CNAs) of PTCs of the Ukrainian-American cohort (UkrAm) generated by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of CNA profiles revealed a significant enrichment of a subgroup of patients with female gender, long latency (>17 years) and negative lymph node status. Further, we identified single CNAs that were significantly associated with latency, gender, radiation dose and BRAF V600E mutation status. Multivariate analysis revealed no interactions but additive effects of parameters gender, latency and dose on CNAs. The previously identified radiation-associated gain of the chromosomal bands 7q11.22-11.23 was present in 29% of cases. Moreover, comparison of our radiation-associated PTC data set with the TCGA data set on sporadic PTCs revealed altered copy numbers of the tumor driver genes NF2 and CHEK2. Further, we integrated the CNA data with transcriptomic data that were available on a subset of the herein analyzed cohort and did not find statistically significant associations between the two molecular layers. However, applying hierarchical clustering on a 'BRAF-like/RAS-like' transcriptome signature split the cases into four groups, one of which containing all BRAF-positive cases validating the signature in an independent data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Selmansberger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Academy of Medical Sciences of the Ukraine, 254114 Kiev, Ukraine
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, 80937 Munich, Germany and
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Herbert Braselmann
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Academy of Medical Sciences of the Ukraine, 254114 Kiev, Ukraine
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, 80937 Munich, Germany and
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julia Hess
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Academy of Medical Sciences of the Ukraine, 254114 Kiev, Ukraine
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, 80937 Munich, Germany and
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tetiana Bogdanova
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Academy of Medical Sciences of the Ukraine, 254114 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, 80937 Munich, Germany and
| | - Mykola Tronko
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Academy of Medical Sciences of the Ukraine, 254114 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Alina Brenner
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Academy of Medical Sciences of the Ukraine, 254114 Kiev, Ukraine
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, 80937 Munich, Germany and
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristian Unger
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 89 3187 3515; Fax: +49 09 3187 2873;
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92
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Krughoff K, Lhungay TP, Barqawi Z, O'Donnell C, Kamat A, Wilson S. The Prognostic Value of Previous Irradiation on Survival of Bladder Cancer Patients. Bladder Cancer 2015; 1:171-179. [PMID: 27376117 PMCID: PMC4927829 DOI: 10.3233/blc-150030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Radiation exposure is an established risk factor for bladder cancer, however consensus is lacking on the survival characteristics of bladder cancer patients with a history of radiation therapy (RT). Confounding patient comorbidities and baseline characteristics hinders prior attempts at developing such a consensus. Objective: To compare the survival characteristics of patients with suspected radiation-induced second primary cancer (RISPC) of the bladder to those with de novo bladder cancer, taking into account the patient comorbidities and baseline characteristics predictive of survival. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with muscle-invasive (≥T2a) or BCG-refractory stage Tis-T1 urothelial bladder cancer. Patients were excluded if prior RT exposure was used as treatment for bladder cancer or if cause of death was due to post-operative complications. A digit matching propensity score algorithm was used to match patients with prior radiation treatment to those without prior treatment. Cox regression analysis for time until death was performed following creation of the propensity score matched sample. Results: 29 patients with history of RT were matched with two controls each, resulting in a dataset of 87 observations in the event model. Results from the Cox model indicate a significantly increased hazard ratio for death at 2.22 (p = 0.047, 95% CI: 1.015–4.860) given a history of prior radiation therapy. Conclusions: In a small cohort, bladder cancer patients who underwent cystectomy had a significantly higher risk of death in the face of prior pelvic RT. This effect was found to be independent of surgical complications, numerous established patient characteristics and comorbidities traditionally predictive of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Krughoff
- Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tamara P Lhungay
- Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zuhair Barqawi
- Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Colin O'Donnell
- Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ashish Kamat
- Urologic Oncology/Division of Surgery, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shandra Wilson
- Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Anschutz Cancer Pavilion, Aurora, CO, USA
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93
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Bjurlin MA, Rosenkrantz AB, Beltran LS, Raad RA, Taneja SS. Imaging and evaluation of patients with high-risk prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2015; 12:617-28. [PMID: 26481576 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2015.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 15% of men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer have high-risk disease. Imaging is critically important for the diagnosis and staging of these patients, and also for the selection of management. While established prostate cancer staging guidelines have increased the appropriate use of imaging, underuse for high-risk prostate cancer remains substantial. Several factors affect the utility of initial diagnostic imaging, including the variable definition of high-risk prostate cancer, variable guideline recommendations, poor accuracy of existing imaging tests, and the difficulty in validating imaging findings. Conventional imaging modalities, including CT and radionuclide bone scan, have been employed for local and metastatic staging, but their performance characteristics have generally been poor. Emerging modalities including multiparametricMRI, positron emission tomography (PET)-CT, and PET-MRI have shown increased diagnostic accuracy and could improve accuracy in staging patients with high-risk prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Bjurlin
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Andrew B Rosenkrantz
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Luis S Beltran
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Roy A Raad
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Samir S Taneja
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
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94
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Direct measurement of the 3-dimensional DNA lesion distribution induced by energetic charged particles in a mouse model tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:12396-401. [PMID: 26392532 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1508702112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Charged particles are increasingly used in cancer radiotherapy and contribute significantly to the natural radiation risk. The difference in the biological effects of high-energy charged particles compared with X-rays or γ-rays is determined largely by the spatial distribution of their energy deposition events. Part of the energy is deposited in a densely ionizing manner in the inner part of the track, with the remainder spread out more sparsely over the outer track region. Our knowledge about the dose distribution is derived solely from modeling approaches and physical measurements in inorganic material. Here we exploited the exceptional sensitivity of γH2AX foci technology and quantified the spatial distribution of DNA lesions induced by charged particles in a mouse model tissue. We observed that charged particles damage tissue nonhomogenously, with single cells receiving high doses and many other cells exposed to isolated damage resulting from high-energy secondary electrons. Using calibration experiments, we transformed the 3D lesion distribution into a dose distribution and compared it with predictions from modeling approaches. We obtained a radial dose distribution with sub-micrometer resolution that decreased with increasing distance to the particle path following a 1/r2 dependency. The analysis further revealed the existence of a background dose at larger distances from the particle path arising from overlapping dose deposition events from independent particles. Our study provides, to our knowledge, the first quantification of the spatial dose distribution of charged particles in biologically relevant material, and will serve as a benchmark for biophysical models that predict the biological effects of these particles.
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95
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Partial kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography, complete kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography, and electronic portal images for breast radiation therapy: A dose-comparison study. Pract Radiat Oncol 2015; 5:e521-e529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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96
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Wang L, Xie L, Ramachandran S, Lee Y, Yan Z, Zhou L, Krajewski K, Liu F, Zhu C, Chen DJ, Strahl BD, Jin J, Dokholyan NV, Chen X. Non-canonical Bromodomain within DNA-PKcs Promotes DNA Damage Response and Radioresistance through Recognizing an IR-Induced Acetyl-Lysine on H2AX. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:849-61. [PMID: 26119999 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory mechanisms underlying γH2AX induction and the associated cell fate decision during DNA damage response (DDR) remain obscure. Here, we discover a bromodomain (BRD)-like module in DNA-PKcs (DNA-PKcs-BRD) that specifically recognizes H2AX acetyl-lysine 5 (K5ac) for sequential induction of γH2AX and concurrent cell fate decision(s). First, top-down mass spectrometry of radiation-phenotypic, full-length H2AX revealed a radiation-inducible, K5ac-dependent induction of γH2AX. Combined approaches of sequence-structure modeling/docking, site-directed mutagenesis, and biochemical experiments illustrated that through docking on H2AX K5ac, this non-canonical BRD determines not only the H2AX-targeting activity of DNA-PKcs but also the over-activation of DNA-PKcs in radioresistant tumor cells, whereas a Kac antagonist, JQ1, was able to bind to DNA-PKcs-BRD, leading to re-sensitization of tumor cells to radiation. This study elucidates the mechanism underlying the H2AX-dependent regulation of DNA-PKcs in ionizing radiation-induced, differential DDR, and derives an unconventional, non-catalytic domain target in DNA-PKs for overcoming resistance during cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ling Xie
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Srinivas Ramachandran
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Program in Molecular & Cellular Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - YuanYu Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Krzysztof Krajewski
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David J Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Brian D Strahl
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Departments of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Program in Molecular & Cellular Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Program in Molecular & Cellular Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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97
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Shimura T, Yamaguchi I, Terada H, Okuda K, Svendsen ER, Kunugita N. Radiation occupational health interventions offered to radiation workers in response to the complex catastrophic disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:413-21. [PMID: 25413928 PMCID: PMC4426911 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rru110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) 1 was severely damaged from the chain reaction of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami on 11 March 2011, and the consequent meltdown and hydrogen gas explosions. This resulted in the worst nuclear accident since the Chernobyl accident of 1986. Just as in the case of Chernobyl, emergency workers were recruited to conduct a wide range of tasks, including disaster response, rescuing activities, NPP containment, and radiation decontamination. This paper describes the types and efficacy of the various occupational health interventions introduced to the Fukushima NPP radiation workers. Such interventions were implemented in order to prevent unnecessary radiation overexposure and associated adverse health effects and work injuries. Less than 1% of all emergency workers were exposed to external radiation of >100 mSv, and to date no deaths or health adversities from radiation have been reported for those workers. Several occupational health interventions were conducted, including setting of new regulatory exposure limits, improving workers' radiation dosimetry, administration of stable iodine, running an occupational health tracking system, and improving occupational medicine and preventative care. Those interventions were not only vital for preventing unnecessary radiation, but also for managing other general health issues such as mental health, heat illness and infectious diseases. Long-term administration of the aforementioned occupational health interventions is essential to ensure the ongoing support and care for these workers, who were put under one of the most severe occupational health risk conditions ever encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Shimura
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Terada
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan
| | - Kengo Okuda
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Erik Robert Svendsen
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Naoki Kunugita
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan
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98
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Nicolas F, Wu C, Bukhari S, de Toledo SM, Li H, Shibata M, Azzam EI. S-Nitrosylation in Organs of Mice Exposed to Low or High Doses of γ-Rays: The Modulating Effect of Iodine Contrast Agent at a Low Radiation Dose. Proteomes 2015; 3:56-73. [PMID: 26317069 PMCID: PMC4548934 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes3020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The covalent addition of nitric oxide (NO•) onto cysteine thiols, or S-nitrosylation, modulates the activity of key signaling proteins. The dysregulation of normal S-nitrosylation contributes to degenerative conditions and to cancer. To gain insight into the biochemical changes induced by low-dose ionizing radiation, we determined global S-nitrosylation by the “biotin switch” assay coupled with mass spectrometry analyses in organs of C57BL/6J mice exposed to acute 0.1 Gy of 137Cs γ-rays. The dose of radiation was delivered to the whole body in the presence or absence of iopamidol, an iodinated contrast agent used during radiological examinations. To investigate whether similar or distinct nitrosylation patterns are induced following high-dose irradiation, mice were exposed in parallel to acute 4 Gy of 137Cs γ rays. Analysis of modulated S-nitrosothiols (SNO-proteins) in freshly-harvested organs of animals sacrificed 13 days after irradiation revealed radiation dose- and contrast agent-dependent changes. The major results were as follows: (i) iopamidol alone had significant effects on S-nitrosylation in brain, lung and liver; (ii) relative to the control, exposure to 0.1 Gy without iopamidol resulted in statistically-significant SNO changes in proteins that differ in molecular weight in liver, lung, brain and blood plasma; (iii) iopamidol enhanced the decrease in S-nitrosylation induced by 0.1 Gy in brain; (iv) whereas a decrease in S-nitrosylation occurred at 0.1 Gy for proteins of ~50 kDa in brain and for proteins of ~37 kDa in liver, an increase was detected at 4 Gy in both organs; (v) mass spectrometry analyses of nitrosylated proteins in brain revealed differential modulation of SNO proteins (e.g., sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1; beta tubulins; ADP-ribosylation factor 5) by low- and high-dose irradiation; and (vi) ingenuity pathway analysis identified major signaling networks to be modulated, in particular the neuronal nitric oxide synthase signaling pathway was differentially modulated by low- and high-dose γ-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Nicolas
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Related Professions, Newark, NJ 07107, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Changgong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Salwa Bukhari
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Sonia M. de Toledo
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Masayuki Shibata
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Related Professions, Newark, NJ 07107, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.S.); (E.I.A.); Tel.: +1-973-972-5323 (E.I.A.); Fax: +1-973-972-1865 (E.I.A.)
| | - Edouard I. Azzam
- Department of Radiology, RUTGERS New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.S.); (E.I.A.); Tel.: +1-973-972-5323 (E.I.A.); Fax: +1-973-972-1865 (E.I.A.)
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99
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Nakajima NI, Hagiwara Y, Oike T, Okayasu R, Murakami T, Nakano T, Shibata A. Pre-exposure to ionizing radiation stimulates DNA double strand break end resection, promoting the use of homologous recombination repair. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122582. [PMID: 25826455 PMCID: PMC4380452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The choice of DNA double strand break (DSB) repair pathway is determined at the stage of DSB end resection. Resection was proposed to control the balance between the two major DSB repair pathways, homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Here, we examined the regulation of DSB repair pathway choice at two-ended DSBs following ionizing radiation (IR) in G2 phase of the cell cycle. We found that cells pre-exposed to low-dose IR preferred to undergo HR following challenge IR in G2, whereas NHEJ repair kinetics in G1 were not affected by pre-IR treatment. Consistent with the increase in HR usage, the challenge IR induced Replication protein A (RPA) foci formation and RPA phosphorylation, a marker of resection, were enhanced by pre-IR. However, neither major DNA damage signals nor the status of core NHEJ proteins, which influence the choice of repair pathway, was significantly altered in pre-IR treated cells. Moreover, the increase in usage of HR due to pre-IR exposure was prevented by treatment with ATM inhibitor during the incubation period between pre-IR and challenge IR. Taken together, the results of our study suggest that the ATM-dependent damage response after pre-IR changes the cellular environment, possibly by regulating gene expression or post-transcriptional modifications in a manner that promotes resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakako Izumi Nakajima
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy and International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hagiwara
- Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okayasu
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy and International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Murakami
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy and International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Identification of genetic loci that control mammary tumor susceptibility through the host microenvironment. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8919. [PMID: 25747469 PMCID: PMC4352890 DOI: 10.1038/srep08919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between host genetics, tumor microenvironment and environmental exposure in cancer susceptibility remains poorly understood. Here we assessed the genetic control of stromal mediation of mammary tumor susceptibility to low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) using backcrossed F1 into BALB/c (F1Bx) between cancer susceptible (BALB/c) and resistant (SPRET/EiJ) mouse strains. Tumor formation was evaluated after transplantation of non-irradiated Trp53-/- BALB/c mammary gland fragments into cleared fat pads of F1Bx hosts. Genome-wide linkage analysis revealed 2 genetic loci that constitute the baseline susceptibility via host microenvironment. However, once challenged with LDIR, we discovered 13 additional loci that were enriched for genes involved in cytokines, including TGFβ1 signaling. Surprisingly, LDIR-treated F1Bx cohort significantly reduced incidence of mammary tumors from Trp53-/- fragments as well as prolonged tumor latency, compared to sham-treated controls. We demonstrated further that plasma levels of specific cytokines were significantly correlated with tumor latency. Using an ex vivo 3-D assay, we confirmed TGFβ1 as a strong candidate for reduced mammary invasion in SPRET/EiJ, which could explain resistance of this strain to mammary cancer risk following LDIR. Our results open possible new avenues to understand mechanisms of genes operating via the stroma that affect cancer risk from external environmental exposures.
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