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Zhu J, Li L, Tong J, Hui C, Wong CH, Lo KW, Chan R, Ai QY, Hui EP, Chan ATC, To KF, Tao Q, Ma BBY. Targeting the polycomb repressive complex-2 related proteins with novel combinational strategies for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3267-3284. [PMID: 33163269 PMCID: PMC7642668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetic regulation is critically involved in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), where abnormal histone methylation can be found in polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2) related cancer gene loci. This study investigated some novel combinational strategies against NPC in vitro using PRC2-targeting agents as a backbone. PRC2 subunit proteins were overexpressed in over 70% of NPC tumors and enhancer of zeste homolog-2 (EZH2) expression correlated with more advanced T-stage. Basal expression of EZH2 and embryonic ectoderm development (EED) was higher in Epstein-Bar virus (EBV)+ NPC cells than EBV- cells. Treatment with an EED inhibitor (EED226) led to reduced levels of H3K27me3 with minimal inhibitory effect on NPC cell growth. The combination of an EZH2 inhibitor (EPZ-6438) and trichostatin-A (TSA) yielded the highest synergy score (12.64) in NPC cells in vitro than combinations using EED226 and agents like chemotherapy and azacitadine. Global gene expression analysis showed that EED226 predominantly affects the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes and cell cycle-related genes in NPC cells. Furthermore, treatment with EED226 resulted in increased MHC-I proteins in vitro. Based on the prediction of an artificial neural network, a synergistic inhibitory effect on growth was found by combining EED226 with cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor (LEE011) in NPC cells. In summary, this study found that PRC2-targeting agents could exert synergistic effect on growth inhibition when combined with TSA or LEE011 in NPC cells. Since MHC-I genes alterations are found in a third of NPC tumors, the effect of EED226 on MHC-I genes expression on response to immunotherapy in NPC warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalHong Kong, China
| | - Lili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalHong Kong, China
| | - Joanna Tong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Prince of Wales HospitalHong Kong, China
| | - Connie Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalHong Kong, China
| | - Chi Hang Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalHong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Prince of Wales HospitalHong Kong, China
| | - Raymond Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalHong Kong, China
| | - Qi Yong Ai
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Edwin P Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalHong Kong, China
| | - Anthony TC Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalHong Kong, China
| | - Ka F To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Prince of Wales HospitalHong Kong, China
| | - Qian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalHong Kong, China
| | - Brigette BY Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales HospitalHong Kong, China
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Liang J, Liu T, Liao J, Zhang L, Zhou M, Xu W, He Y, Cai G, Jin G, Song J, Li G, Liang H, Ding Z, Zhang B. Development and validation of a CpG island methylator phenotype-related prognostic signature for cholangiocarcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3143-3156. [PMID: 32996133 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) still has a very unfavorable prognosis with a very high mortality, which is complicated by a lack of prognostic biomarkers. In this study, CCA patients in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort were categorized into two subtypes. Differentially expressed and methylated genes were identified, and the impact of DNA methylation in the trans-regulation of gene expression was investigated. Finally, a CIMP-related methylation signature specific for CCA (CMSC) was trained in GEO and validated in the Tongji cohort. A subset of patients with CIMP-H was identified, which was correlated with an unfavorable prognosis. Gene enrichment analysis implied the potential mechanism of CIMP as a promoter of carcinogenesis by regulating proliferation. The trans-regulation among differentially methylated CpG sites and genes with the same change trends was positively correlated, while the converse situation showed a negative correlation. Notably, CMSC based on four genes could significantly classify CCA patients into low- and high-risk groups in the GEO cohort, and the robustness of CMSC was validated in the Tongji cohort. The results of receiver operating characteristic analysis further indicated that CMSC was capable of highly sensitive and specific prediction of the patient outcomes in CCA. In conclusion, our work highlights the clinical significance of CMSC in the prognosis of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingyu Liao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi He
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guangzhen Cai
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guannan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Song
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ganxun Li
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zeyang Ding
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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53
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Yusof WNSW, Abdullah H. Phytochemicals and Cytotoxicity of Quercus infectoria Ethyl Acetate Extracts on Human Cancer Cells. Trop Life Sci Res 2020; 31:69-84. [PMID: 32963712 PMCID: PMC7485533 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional and modern cancer treatment were reported to manifest adverse effects to the patients. More researches were conducted to search for selective cytotoxic agent of plant natural product on cancer cells. The presences of wide range phytochemicals in Quercus infectoria (QI) extract have been implicated with the cytotoxic effect against various types of cancer cell which remain undiscovered. This present study aimed to evaluate cytotoxic effect of QI extracts on selected human cancer cells and then, the most potent extract was further analysed for general phytochemical constituents. QI galls were extracted successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol yielded three main extracts; n-hexane (QIH), ethyl acetate (QIEA) and methanol (QIM), respectively. The most potent extract was qualitatively analysed for the present of tannin, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Next, the extracts were tested to determine the cytotoxic activity against cervical cancer cells (HeLa), breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and liver cancer cells (Hep G2) using MTT assay. Cytotoxic activity of QI extracts against normal fibroblast (L929) cell line was also evaluated to determine the cytoselective property. Meanwhile, DMSO-treated cells served as negative control while cisplatin-treated cells served as positive control. The most potent extract then chosen to be further investigated for DNA fragmentation as hallmark of apoptosis using Hoechst staining. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannin, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. QIEA extract exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells with (IC50 value = 6.33 ± 0.33 μg/mL) and showed cytoselective property against L929 cells. DNA fragmentation revealed QIEA induced apoptosis in the treated cells. The richness of phytochemical constituents in QIEA extract might contribute to the potency of cytotoxic activity towards HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Nur Suzilla Wan Yusof
- School of Health Sciences, USM Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hasmah Abdullah
- School of Health Sciences, USM Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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54
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Lee C, Kim JK. Chromatin regulators in retinoblastoma: Biological roles and therapeutic applications. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2318-2332. [PMID: 32840881 PMCID: PMC7891620 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a pediatric ocular tumor mostly occurring due to the biallelic loss of RB1 gene in the developing retina. Early studies of genomic aberrations in RB have provided a valuable insight into how RB can progress following the tumor-initiating RB1 mutations and have established a notion that inactivation of RB1 gene is critical to initiate RB but this causative genetic lesion alone is not sufficient for malignant progression. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies, we now have access to the comprehensive genomic and epigenetic landscape of RB and have come to appreciate that RB tumorigenesis requires both genetic and epigenetic alterations that might be directly or indirectly driven by RB1 loss. This integrative perspective on RB tumorigenesis has inspired research efforts to better understand the types and functions of epigenetic mechanisms contributing to RB development, leading to the identification of multiple epigenetic regulators misregulated in RB in recent years. A complete understanding of the intricate network of genetic and epigenetic factors in modulation of gene expression during RB tumorigenesis remains a major challenge but would be crucial to translate these findings into therapeutic interventions. In this review, we will provide an overview of chromatin regulators identified to be misregulated in human RB among the numerous epigenetic factors implicated in RB development. For a subset of these chromatin regulators, recent findings on their functions in RB development and potential therapeutic applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsik Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jong Kyong Kim
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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55
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Cardoso AR, Lobo J, Miranda-Gonçalves V, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Epigenetic alterations as therapeutic targets in Testicular Germ Cell Tumours : current and future application of 'epidrugs'. Epigenetics 2020; 16:353-372. [PMID: 32749176 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1805682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are heterogeneous neoplasms mostly affecting young-adult men. Despite high survival rates, some patients with disseminated disease acquire cisplatin resistance, entailing the need for less toxic therapies. Epigenetic alterations constitute an important feature of TGCTs, which are also implicated in resistance mechanism(s). These alterations might be used as potential targets to design epigenetic drugs. To date, several compounds have been explored and evaluated regarding therapeutic efficacy, making use of pre-clinical studies with in vitro and in vivo models, and some have already been explored in clinical trials. This review summarizes the several epigenetic mechanisms at play in these neoplasms, the current challenges in the field of TGCTs and critically reviews available data on 'epidrugs' in those tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Cardoso
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Master in Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Lobo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-513, Porto, Portugal
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56
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Histone deacetylase inhibition by MS-275 potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion without affecting glucose oxidation. Life Sci 2020; 257:118073. [PMID: 32663574 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The preservation of pancreatic beta-cell function is crucial for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Inhibition of class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) has been proved to protect beta-cells from palmitate- or cytokine-induced apoptosis and increase insulin secretion. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. MAIN METHODS Rat islets were isolated for insulin secretion, real-time PCR, RNA- sequencing, ChIP-PCR, and oxygen consumption rate analysis after treated with the HDAC1 and HDAC3 inhibitor MS-275. KEY FINDINGS MS-275 pretreatment significantly potentiated insulin secretion from rat islets. RNA-sequencing revealed that multiple signaling pathways were involved in MS-275-regulated islet function. Cacna1g and Adcy1 in calcium and cAMP signaling pathways were up-regulated in MS-275-treated islets, which was validated by real-time PCR. The expressions of the two genes displayed a similar increase in islets isolated from mice treated with MS-275. Knockdown of HDAC1 elevated Cacna1g and Adcy1 expressions in islets. ChIP-sequencing analysis showed that the pan-HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate increased H3K27 acetylation level in the upstream region of Adcy1 and the promoter region of Cacna1g. ChIP-PCR revealed a similar result in MS-275-treated rat islets. However, MS-275 had minor effect on glucose-induced oxygen consumption rate in rat islets. Unlike glucose, MS-275 did not alter the expressions of glucose-sensitive genes such as Glut2 and Gck, but elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration in beta-cells. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings support the notion that MS-275-potentiated insulin secretion is involved in calcium and cAMP signaling-mediated gene expressions independent of glucose oxidation. Therefore, HDAC inhibition may serve as a therapeutic strategy for type 2 diabetes.
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57
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Kong DD, Fu RZ, Li L, Wang W, Wang SB. Association between the methylation status of PCDH17 and the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1649-1656. [PMID: 32724406 PMCID: PMC7377171 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess whether the methylation status of the protocadherin 17 gene (PCDH17) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tissues was associated with the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The present study included 280 patients diagnosed with TNBC using core needle biopsy. Tumor pathological diagnosis was determined via hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 and Ki-67 status. PCDH17 methylation status was analyzed using methylation-specific PCR. χ2 tests were performed to analyze differences between PCDH17 methylation status and TNBC clinicopathological features. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze whether PCDH17 methylation status predicted a curative effect of NAC. The multivariate analysis included factors with P<0.2 from the univariate analysis and those that were clinically associated with NAC. A total of 228 patients were positive for PCDH17 methylation, while the remainder 52 were negative. Additionally, 107 patients achieved pathological complete response (pCR) after NAC. The pCR rate was 67.3% among the 52 patients negative for PCDH17 methylation and 31.6% among the 228 patients positive for PCDH17 methylation. Patients who were negative for PCDH17 methylation and had high Ki67 expression exhibited significantly higher pCR rates than their counterparts. The present results demonstrate that PCDH17 methylation status may predict the response to NAC in patients with TNBC. Therefore, this epigenetic characteristic may serve as an indicator of treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Di Kong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Zhan Fu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pathology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Bing Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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Zhang T, Pilko A, Wollman R. Loci specific epigenetic drug sensitivity. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:4797-4810. [PMID: 32246716 PMCID: PMC7229858 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of epigenetic modulators offers a novel approach to the treatment of multiple diseases. The cellular consequences of chemical compounds that target epigenetic regulators (epi-drugs) are complex. Epi-drugs affect global cellular phenotypes and cause local changes to gene expression due to alteration of a gene chromatin environment. Despite increasing use in the clinic, the mechanisms responsible for cellular changes are unclear. Specifically, to what degree the effects are a result of cell-wide changes or disease related locus specific effects is unknown. Here we developed a platform to systematically and simultaneously investigate the sensitivity of epi-drugs at hundreds of genomic locations by combining DNA barcoding, unique split-pool encoding, and single cell expression measurements. Internal controls are used to isolate locus specific effects separately from any global consequences these drugs have. Using this platform we discovered wide-spread loci specific sensitivities to epi-drugs for three distinct epi-drugs that target histone deacetylase, DNA methylation and bromodomain proteins. By leveraging ENCODE data on chromatin modification, we identified features of chromatin environments that are most likely to be affected by epi-drugs. The measurements of loci specific epi-drugs sensitivities will pave the way to the development of targeted therapy for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanutra Zhang
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Pilko
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Physiology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California UCLA, CA, USA
| | - Roy Wollman
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Physiology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California UCLA, CA, USA
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Epigenetics in Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Biological Features and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051164. [PMID: 32397183 PMCID: PMC7291154 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has emerged implicating epigenetic alterations in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) origin and progression. IBC is a rare and rapidly progressing disease, considered the most aggressive type of breast cancer (BC). At clinical presentation, IBC is characterized by diffuse erythema, skin ridging, dermal lymphatic invasion, and peau d'orange aspect. The widespread distribution of the tumor as emboli throughout the breast and intra- and intertumor heterogeneity is associated with its poor prognosis. In this review, we highlighted studies documenting the essential roles of epigenetic mechanisms in remodeling chromatin and modulating gene expression during mammary gland differentiation and the development of IBC. Compiling evidence has emerged implicating epigenetic changes as a common denominator linking the main risk factors (socioeconomic status, environmental exposure to endocrine disruptors, racial disparities, and obesity) with IBC development. DNA methylation changes and their impact on the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of IBC are also described. Recent studies are focusing on the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors as promising epigenetic drugs for treating IBC. All efforts must be undertaken to unravel the epigenetic marks that drive this disease and how this knowledge could impact strategies to reduce the risk of IBC development and progression.
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60
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Sanaei M, Kavoosi F, Arabloo M. Effect of Curcumin in Comparison with Trichostatin A on the Reactivation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha gene Expression, Cell Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Induction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hepa 1-6 Cell lLine. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1045-1050. [PMID: 32334468 PMCID: PMC7445996 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.4.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A multistep process with an accumulation of epigenetic alterations of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) can induce cancer. Abnormal regional hypermethylation and histone deacetylation of several TSGs has been observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Acetylation and deacetylation of histone are carried out by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) respectively. Besides, DNA methylation is carried out by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Previously, we evaluated the effect of DNA demethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors on HCC and colon cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin (CUR) in comparison with trichostatin A (TSA) on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) reactivation, apoptotic induction, and cell growth inhibition in HCC. Methods: the cells were cultured and treated with various concentrations of CUR and TSA and the MTT assay, flow cytometry assay and Real-Time RT-PCR were achieved to determine cell viability, cell apoptosis, and ERα gene expression respectively. Results: CUR indicated dose and time-dependent antiproliferative effects (P < 0.035). A similar antiproliferative effect was observed by TSA (P < 0.001). Both compounds indicated significant apoptotic effects in all different periods (P < 0.001), CUR indicated a more significant apoptotic effect than TSA (P < 0.001). The ERα gene expression quantity was increased significantly by treatment with CUR and TSA (P <0.012). Conclusion: CUR and TSA play important roles in restoring the ERα resulting in cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction. Therefore, ERα may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumeh Sanaei
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Fraidoon Kavoosi
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Arabloo
- Student of Research Committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
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Shin Y, Kim M, Won J, Kim J, Oh SB, Lee JH, Park K. Epigenetic Modification of CFTR in Head and Neck Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030734. [PMID: 32182826 PMCID: PMC7141320 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cyclic AMP (cAMP)-regulated chloride channel, is critical for secretion and absorption across diverse epithelia. Mutations or absence of CFTR result in pathogeneses, including cancer. While CFTR has been proposed as a tumor suppressing gene in tumors of the intestine, lung, and breast cancers, its effects in head and neck cancer (HNC) have yet to be investigated. This study aimed to define expression patterns and epigenetic modifications of CFTR in HNC. CFTR was expressed in normal but not in HNC cells and tissues. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) was associated with rescued expression of CFTR, whose function was confirmed by patch clamp technique. Further experiments demonstrated that CFTR CpG islands were hypermethylated in cancer cells and tissues and hypomethylated in normal cells and tissue. Our results suggest that CFTR epigenetic modifications are critical in both down-regulation and up-regulation of CFTR expression in HNC and normal cells respectively. We then investigated the impact of CFTR on expressions and functions of cancer-related genes. CFTR silencing was closely associated with changes to other cancer-related genes, suppressing apoptosis while enhancing proliferation, cell motility, and invasion in HNC. Our findings demonstrate that hypermethylation of CFTR CpG islands and CFTR deficiency is closely related to HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghwan Shin
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Minkyoung Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jonghwa Won
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea; (J.W.); (S.B.O.)
| | - Junchul Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Seog Bae Oh
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea; (J.W.); (S.B.O.)
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea;
| | - Kyungpyo Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-02-740-8658
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Küçük C, Wang J, Xiang Y, You H. Epigenetic aberrations in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835919900856. [PMID: 32127923 PMCID: PMC7036507 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919900856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is an aggressive malignancy that usually presents in the upper aerodigestive tract. This malignancy shows substantial geographic variability in incidence, and is characterized by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections. Epigenetic aberrations may dysregulate the expression of genes involved in different hallmarks of cancer. A growing body of evidence underscores the importance of epigenetic aberrations in the pathogenesis of NKTCL. Promoter hypermethylation is a common epigenetic mechanism for the inactivation of tumour suppressor genes. Several epigenetically silenced tumour suppressor candidates (e.g. PRDM1, BIM) were identified in this aggressive cancer using locus-specific and genome-wide promoter methylation analyses. Importantly, genes involved in epigenetic modifications were identified to be mutated (e.g. KMT2D) or methylated (e.g. TET2) in NKTCL patients, which may contribute to pathogenesis through global alterations in chromatin states. Cancer-associated microRNAs, some of which are expressed by EBV, and long noncoding RNAs have been observed to be dysregulated in NKTCL. This review focuses on studies investigating epigenetic aberrations in NKTCL to bolster our overall understanding of the role of these abnormalities in disease pathobiology. We also discuss the potential of these epigenetic aberrations to improve diagnosis and prognosis as well as reveal novel targets of therapy for NKTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Küçük
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junli Wang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua You
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No.78 Heng-Zhi-Gang Road, Yue Xiu District, Guangzhou 510095, China
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Ceccarelli V, Ronchetti S, Marchetti MC, Calvitti M, Riccardi C, Grignani F, Vecchini A. Molecular mechanisms underlying eicosapentaenoic acid inhibition of HDAC1 and DNMT expression and activity in carcinoma cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194481. [PMID: 31923609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone acetylation, the most studied epigenetic changes, drive and maintain cancer phenotypes. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) dysregulation promoted localized hypermethylation in CpG rich regions while upregulated histone deacetylases (HDAC) deacetylated histone tails. Both changes led to close chromatin conformation, suppressing transcription and silencing tumor suppressor genes. Consequently, HDAC and DNMT inhibitors appeared to reprogram the transcriptional circuit and potentiate anti-tumoral activity. Here, we report that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a fatty acid with anti-cancer properties, inhibited HDAC1 and DNMT expression and activity, thus promoting tumor suppressor gene expression. In hepatocarcinoma cells (HCC) EPA bound and activated PPARγ thus downregulating HDAC1 which sequentially reduced expression of DNMT1, 3A and 3B. At the same time, activated PPARγ physically interacted with DNMT1 and HDAC1 in a CpG island on the Hic-1 gene to assemble PPARγ/DNMT1 and PPARγ/HDAC1 protein complexes, which exited from DNA. When EPA and PPARγ were no longer bound, the protein complexes separated into individual proteins. Consequently, DNMT1 and HDAC1 down-regulation and release from DNA inhibited their activities. Overall, EPA-bound PPARγ induced re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene Hic-1. In the present study PPARγ emerged as a master regulator acting synergistically through diverse targets and ways to reveal the epigenetic action of EPA as an HDAC1 and DNMT1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, P.le L. Severi, 1, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Ronchetti
- Department of Medicine, P.le L. Severi, 1, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Mario Calvitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, P.le L. Severi, 1, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, P.le L. Severi, 1, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Grignani
- Department of Medicine, P.le L. Severi, 1, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alba Vecchini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, P.le L. Severi, 1, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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Tomaselli D, Lucidi A, Rotili D, Mai A. Epigenetic polypharmacology: A new frontier for epi-drug discovery. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:190-244. [PMID: 31218726 PMCID: PMC6917854 DOI: 10.1002/med.21600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, despite the great success achieved by the so-called "magic bullets" in the treatment of different diseases through a marked and specific interaction with the target of interest, the pharmacological research is moving toward the development of "molecular network active compounds," embracing the related polypharmacology approach. This strategy was born to overcome the main limitations of the single target therapy leading to a superior therapeutic effect, a decrease of adverse reactions, and a reduction of potential mechanism(s) of drug resistance caused by robustness and redundancy of biological pathways. It has become clear that multifactorial diseases such as cancer, neurological, and inflammatory disorders, may require more complex therapeutic approaches hitting a certain biological system as a whole. Concerning epigenetics, the goal of the multi-epi-target approach consists in the development of small molecules able to simultaneously and (often) reversibly bind different specific epi-targets. To date, two dual histone deacetylase/kinase inhibitors (CUDC-101 and CUDC-907) are in an advanced stage of clinical trials. In the last years, the growing interest in polypharmacology encouraged the publication of high-quality reviews on combination therapy and hybrid molecules. Hence, to update the state-of-the-art of these therapeutic approaches avoiding redundancy, herein we focused only on multiple medication therapies and multitargeting compounds exploiting epigenetic plus nonepigenetic drugs reported in the literature in 2018. In addition, all the multi-epi-target inhibitors known in literature so far, hitting two or more epigenetic targets, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Lucidi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Viale
Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy
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65
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Pehrsson EC, Choudhary MNK, Sundaram V, Wang T. The epigenomic landscape of transposable elements across normal human development and anatomy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5640. [PMID: 31822674 PMCID: PMC6904449 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) have deposited functional regulatory elements throughout the human genome. Although most are silenced, certain TEs have been co-opted by the host. However, a comprehensive, multidimensional picture of the contribution of TEs to normal human gene regulation is still lacking. Here, we quantify the epigenomic status of TEs across human anatomy and development using data from the Roadmap Epigenomics Project. We find that TEs encompass a quarter of the human regulatory epigenome, and 47% of elements can be in an active regulatory state. We demonstrate that SINEs are enriched relative to other classes for active and transcribed marks, that TEs encompass a higher proportion of enhancer states in the hematopoietic lineage, and that DNA methylation of Alu elements decreases with age, corresponding with a loss of CpG islands. Finally, we identify TEs that may perform an evolutionarily conserved regulatory function, providing a systematic profile of TE activity in normal human tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Pehrsson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Mayank N K Choudhary
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Vasavi Sundaram
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA.
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Cancer's epigenetic drugs: where are they in the cancer medicines? THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2019; 20:367-379. [PMID: 31819161 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-019-0138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modulation can affect the characteristics of cancers. Because it is likely to manipulate epigenetic genes, they can be considered as potential targets for cancer treatment. In this comprehensive study, epigenetic drugs are categorized according to anticancer mechanisms and phase of therapy. The relevant articles or databases were searched for epigenetic approaches to cancer therapy. Epigenetic drugs are divided according to their mechanisms and clinical phases that have been approved by the FDA or are undergoing evaluation phases. DNA methylation agents, chromatin remodelers specially HDACs, and noncoding RNAs especially microRNAs are the main epi-drugs for cancer. Despite many challenges, combination therapy using epi-drugs and routine therapies such as chemotherapy in various approaches have exhibited beneficial effects compared with each treatment alone. Cancer stem cell targeting and epigenetic editing have been confirmed as definitive pathways for cancer treatment. This paper reviewed the available epigenetic approaches to cancer therapy.
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67
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Zhang C, Shen K, Zheng Y, Qi F, Luo J. Genome-wide screening of abberant methylated drivers combined with relative risk loci in bladder cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 9:768-782. [PMID: 31794632 PMCID: PMC6970050 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore important methylation‐driven genes (MDGs) and risk loci to construct risk model for prognosis of bladder cancer (BCa). Methods We utilized TCGA‐Assembler package to download 450K methylation data and corresponding transcriptome profiles. MethylMix package was used for identifying methylation‐driven genes and functional analysis was mainly performed based on ConsensusPathDB database. Then, Cox regression method was utilized to find prognostic MDGs, and we selected 17 hub genes via stepwise regression and multivariate Cox models. Kruskal‐Wallis test was implemented for comparisons between risk with other clinical variables. Moreover, we constructed the risk model and validated it in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE13507. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed using the levels of risk score as the phenotype. Additionally, we further screened out the relative methylation sites associated with the 17 hub genes. Cox regression and Survival analysis were conducted to find the specifically prognostic sites. Results Two hundred and twenty‐eight MDGs were chosen by ConsensusPathDB database. Results revealed that most conspicuous pathways were transcriptional mis‐regulation pathways in cancer and EMT. After Cox regression analysis, 17 hub epigenetic MDGs were identified. We calculated the risk score and found satisfactory predictive efficiency by ROC curve (AUC = 0.762). In the validation group from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE13507, 17 hub genes remained higher predictive value with AUC = 0.723 and patients in high‐risk group. Meanwhile, Kruskal‐Wallis test revealed that higher risk score correlated with a higher level of TNM stage, tumor grade, and advanced pathological stages. Then, identified 38 risk methylated loci that highly associated with prognosis. Last, gene set enrichment analysis revealed that high‐risk level of MDGs may correlate with several important pathways, including MAPK signaling pathway and so on. Conclusion Our study indicated several hub‐MDGs, calculated novel risk score and explored the prognostic value in BCa, which provided a promising approach to BCA prognosis assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangjie Shen
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxiao Zheng
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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68
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Vincent A, Ouelkdite-Oumouchal A, Souidi M, Leclerc J, Neve B, Van Seuningen I. Colon cancer stemness as a reversible epigenetic state: Implications for anticancer therapies. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:920-936. [PMID: 31768220 PMCID: PMC6851010 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i11.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of cancer cell plasticity, i.e. their ability to reprogram into cancer stem cells (CSCs) either naturally or under chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, has changed, once again, the way we consider cancer treatment. If cancer stemness is a reversible epigenetic state rather than a genetic identity, opportunities will arise for therapeutic strategies that remodel epigenetic landscapes of CSCs. However, the systematic use of DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors, alone or in combination, in advanced solid tumors including colorectal cancers, regardless of their molecular subtypes, does not seem to be the best strategy. In this review, we first summarize the knowledge researchers have gathered on the epigenetic signatures of CSCs with the difficulty of isolating rare populations of cells. We raise questions about the relevant use of currently available epigenetic inhibitors (epidrugs) while the expression of numerous cancer stem cell markers are often repressed by epigenetic mechanisms. These markers include the three cluster of differentiation CD133, CD44 and CD166 that have been extensively used for the isolation of colon CSCs.and . Finally, we describe current treatment strategies using epidrugs, and we hypothesize that, using correlation tools comparing associations of relevant CSC markers with chromatin modifier expression, we could identify better candidates for epienzyme targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Vincent
- Lille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Aïcha Ouelkdite-Oumouchal
- Lille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Mouloud Souidi
- Lille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Julie Leclerc
- Lille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille F-59000, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lille University Hospital, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Bernadette Neve
- Lille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Lille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille F-59000, France
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69
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Ribeiro ML, Reyes-Garau D, Armengol M, Fernández-Serrano M, Roué G. Recent Advances in the Targeting of Epigenetic Regulators in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Front Genet 2019; 10:986. [PMID: 31681423 PMCID: PMC6807552 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 10 years, major advances have been made in the diagnosis and development of selective therapies for several blood cancers, including B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from the mature B lymphocyte compartment. However, most of these entities remain incurable and current treatments are associated with variable efficacy, several adverse events, and frequent relapses. Thus, new diagnostic paradigms and novel therapeutic options are required to improve the prognosis of patients with B-NHL. With the recent deciphering of the mutational landscapes of B-cell disorders by high-throughput sequencing, it came out that different epigenetic deregulations might drive and/or promote B lymphomagenesis. Consistently, over the last decade, numerous epigenetic drugs (or epidrugs) have emerged in the clinical management of B-NHL patients. In this review, we will present an overview of the most relevant epidrugs tested and/or used so far for the treatment of different subtypes of B-NHL, from first-generation epigenetic therapies like histone acetyl transferases (HDACs) or DNA-methyl transferases (DNMTs) inhibitors to new agents showing selectivity for proteins that are mutated, translocated, and/or overexpressed in these diseases, including EZH2, BET, and PRMT. We will dissect the mechanisms of action of these epigenetic inhibitors, as well as the molecular processes underlying their lack of efficacy in refractory patients. This review will also provide a summary of the latest strategies being employed in preclinical and clinical settings, and will point out the most promising lines of investigation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo L. Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University Medical School, Braganca Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diana Reyes-Garau
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Armengol
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miranda Fernández-Serrano
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gaël Roué
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Urbano A, Smith J, Weeks RJ, Chatterjee A. Gene-Specific Targeting of DNA Methylation in the Mammalian Genome. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101515. [PMID: 31600992 PMCID: PMC6827012 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is the most widely-studied epigenetic modification, playing a critical role in the regulation of gene expression. Dysregulation of DNA methylation is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. For example, aberrant DNA methylation in promoter regions of tumor-suppressor genes has been strongly associated with the development and progression of many different tumors. Accordingly, technologies designed to manipulate DNA methylation at specific genomic loci are very important, especially in the context of cancer therapy. Traditionally, epigenomic editing technologies have centered around zinc finger proteins (ZFP)- and transcription activator-like effector protein (TALE)-based targeting. More recently, however, the emergence of clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-deactivated Cas9 (dCas9)-based editing systems have shown to be a more specific and efficient method for the targeted manipulation of DNA methylation. Here, we describe the regulation of the DNA methylome, its significance in cancer and the current state of locus-specific editing technologies for altering DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Urbano
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 56 Hanover Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Jim Smith
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 56 Hanover Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Robert J Weeks
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 56 Hanover Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Aniruddha Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 56 Hanover Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, 3A Symonds Street, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Lee MP. Understanding Cancer Through the Lens of Epigenetic Inheritance, Allele-Specific Gene Expression, and High-Throughput Technology. Front Oncol 2019; 9:794. [PMID: 31497535 PMCID: PMC6712412 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic information is characterized by its stable transmission during mitotic cell divisions and plasticity during development and differentiation. This duality is in contrast to genetic information, which is stable and identical in all cells in an organism with exception of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in lymphocytes and somatic mutations in cancer cells. Allele-specific analysis of gene expression and epigenetic modifications provides a unique approach to studying epigenetic regulation in normal and cancer cells. Extension of Knudson's two-hits theory to include epigenetic alteration as a means to inactivate tumor suppressor genes provides better understanding of how genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations jointly contribute to cancer development. High-throughput technology has greatly accelerated cancer discovery. Large initiatives such as TCGA have shown that epigenetic components are frequent targets of mutations in cancer and these discoveries provide new insights into understanding cancer etiology and generate new opportunities for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell P Lee
- High Dimension Data Analysis Group, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Li G, Xu W, Zhang L, Liu T, Jin G, Song J, Wu J, Wang Y, Chen W, Zhang C, Chen X, Ding Z, Zhu P, Zhang B. Development and validation of a CIMP-associated prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma. EBioMedicine 2019; 47:128-141. [PMID: 31492561 PMCID: PMC6796541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), a common biological phenomenon characterized by a subset of concurrently methylated genes, can have an influence on the progression of multiple cancers. However, the potential mechanism of CIMP in hepatocarcinogenesis and its clinical relevance remains only partially understood. Methods: We used a methylation array from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) to stratify HCC patients into different CIMP subtypes, and evaluated their correlation with clinical characteristics. In addition, mutation, CNV, and transcriptome profiles were also utilized to evaluate the distinctive genomic patterns correlated with CIMP. Finally, a CIMP-associated prognostic model (CPM) was trained and validated using four independent datasets. Findings A subgroup of patients was identified as having CIMP-H, which was associated with worse OS and DFS. Gene enrichment analysis indicated that the terms “liver cancer with EPCAM up”, “tumor invasiveness up”, “methyltransferase complex”, and “translational initiation” were enriched in CIMP-H subgroup. Notably, somatic mutation analysis indicated that CIMP-H patients presented with a higher mutation burden of BRD4, DDIAS and NOX1. Moreover, four CPM associated genes could significantly categorize patients into low- and high-risk groups in the training dataset and another 3 independent validation datasets. Finally, a nomogram incorporating a classifier based on four mRNAs, pathological M stage and CIMP status was established, which showed a favorable discriminating ability and might contribute to clinical decision-making for HCC. Interpretation Our work highlights the potential clinical application value of CPM in predicting the overall survival of HCC patients and the mechanisms underlying the role of CIMP in hepatocarcinogenesis. Fund This work was supported by the State Key Project on Infectious Diseases of China (2018ZX10723204-003), the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81874065, 81500565, 81874149, 81572427, and 81401997), the Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Malignant Tumor Investigation Fund of Chen Xiao-ping Foundation for the Development of Science and Technology of Hubei Province (CXPJJH11800001-2018356).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganxun Li
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guannan Jin
- Institute of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Song
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weixun Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanhan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeyang Ding
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Peng Zhu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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73
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Ren J, Lu Y, Qian Y, Chen B, Wu T, Ji G. Recent progress regarding kaempferol for the treatment of various diseases. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2759-2776. [PMID: 31572524 PMCID: PMC6755486 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol, also known as kaempferol-3 or kaempferide, is a flavonoid compound that naturally occurs in tea, as well as numerous common vegetables and fruits, including beans, broccoli, cabbage, gooseberries, grapes, kale, strawberries, tomatoes, citrus fruits, brussel sprouts, apples and grapefruit. The present review mainly summarizes the application of kaempferol in treating diseases and the underlying mechanisms that are currently being studied. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, it may be used to treat numerous acute and chronic inflammation-induced diseases, including intervertebral disc degeneration and colitis, as well as post-menopausal bone loss and acute lung injury. In addition, it has beneficial effects against cancer, liver injury, obesity and diabetes, inhibits vascular endothelial inflammation, protects the cranial nerve and heart function, and may be used for treating fibroproliferative disorders, including hypertrophic scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Qian
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Bozhou Chen
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive, and frequently deadly cancer. Up to 75% of all patients will eventually develop metastatic disease, and our current medical therapies for ACC provide limited - if any - survival benefit. These statistics highlight a crucial need for novel approaches. Recent studies performing comprehensive molecular profiling on ACC have illuminated that ACC is comprised of three clinically distinct molecular subtypes, bearing differential regulation of cell cycle, epigenetics, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, PKA signaling, steroidogenesis and immune cell biology. Furthermore, these studies have spurred the development of molecular subtype-based biomarkers, contextualized outcomes of recent clinical trials, and advanced our understanding of the underlying biology of adrenocortical homeostasis and cancer. In this review, we describe these findings and their implications for new strategies to apply targeted therapies to ACC.
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75
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Conte F, Fiscon G, Licursi V, Bizzarri D, D'Antò T, Farina L, Paci P. A paradigm shift in medicine: A comprehensive review of network-based approaches. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1863:194416. [PMID: 31382052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.194416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Network medicine is a rapidly evolving new field of medical research, which combines principles and approaches of systems biology and network science, holding the promise to uncovering the causes and to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatments of human diseases. This new paradigm reflects the fact that human diseases are not caused by single molecular defects, but driven by complex interactions among a variety of molecular mediators. The complexity of these interactions embraces different types of information: from the cellular-molecular level of protein-protein interactions to correlational studies of gene expression and regulation, to metabolic and disease pathways up to drug-disease relationships. The analysis of these complex networks can reveal new disease genes and/or disease pathways and identify possible targets for new drug development, as well as new uses for existing drugs. In this review, we offer a comprehensive overview of network types and algorithms used in the framework of network medicine. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Transcriptional Profiles and Regulatory Gene Networks edited by Dr. Dr. Federico Manuel Giorgi and Dr. Shaun Mahony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Conte
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Fiscon
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valerio Licursi
- Biology and Biotechnology Department "Charles Darwin" (BBCD), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Bizzarri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso D'Antò
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Farina
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Paci
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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76
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LMX1B mRNA expression and its gene body CpG methylation are valuable prognostic biomarkers for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109174. [PMID: 31387183 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of LMX1B mRNA expression and the methylation of its CpG sites in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). An in-silicon analysis was performed using data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA)-Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma (HNSC). After screening, 112 LSCC and 10 adjacent normal tissues were identified as eligible samples for analysis. Results showed that LMX1B expression was significantly upregulated in the cancer tissues (p < 0.01) and was an independent prognostic indicator in terms of OS (HR: 1.233, 95%CI: 1.082-1.405, p = 0.002) and RFS (HR: 1.200, 95%CI: 1.002-1.438, p = 0.048). By examining the methylation profile of 55 CpG sites in LMX1B locus, we found that the promoter methylation status was irrelevant to LMX1B expression. In comparison, LMX1B expression was generally positively correlated with gene body methylation. Among the gene body CpG sites, cg13600622 methylation showed a better predictive value than LMX1B expression in terms of OS (HR: 12.363, 95%CI: 1.076-142.033, p = 0.043), while cg14204784 methylation was a better marker of shorter RFS (HR: 12.363, 95%CI: 1.076-142.033, p = 0.043). Among the known downstream genes of LMX1B, only NR4A2 expression showed a moderately negative correlation (Pearson's r = -0.54) with it in LSCC tissues. However, this correlation was inconsistent with previous publications those reported a positive correlation between them. Based on these findings, we infer that upregulated LMX1B mRNA expression had an independent prognostic value in LSCC patients. Increased gene body methylation might be an important mechanism of its upregulation. Among the gene body CpG sites, cg13600622 and cg14204784 methylation level might be better prognostic markers than LMX1B mRNA expression in terms of OS and RFS respectively.
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77
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Bouchet S, Linot C, Ruzic D, Agbaba D, Fouchaq B, Roche J, Nikolic K, Blanquart C, Bertrand P. Extending Cross Metathesis To Identify Selective HDAC Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Activities, and Modeling. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:863-868. [PMID: 31223439 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissymmetric cross metathesis of alkenes as a convergent and general synthetic strategy allowed for the preparation of a new small series of human histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors. Alkenes bearing Boc-protected hydroxamic acid and benzamide and trityl-protected thiols were used to provide the zinc binding groups and were reacted with alkenes bearing aromatic cap groups. One compound was identified as a selective HDAC6 inhibitor lead. Additional biological evaluation in cancer cell lines demonstrated its ability to stimulate the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and tumor suppressor genes like SEMA3F and p21, suggesting a potential use of this compound for lung cancer treatment. Molecular docking on all 11 HDAC isoforms was used to rationalize the observed biological results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bouchet
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, B28, 86073 Poitiers cedex 09, France
| | - Camille Linot
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d’Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Dusan Ruzic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Agbaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Benoit Fouchaq
- Eurofins-Cerep, Le Bois l’Evêque, 86600 Celle-L’Evescault, France
- Réseau Epigénétique du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France
| | - Joëlle Roche
- Réseau Epigénétique du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France
- Laboratoire EBI, University of Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, F-86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Katarina Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Christophe Blanquart
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d’Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Réseau Epigénétique du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France
| | - Philippe Bertrand
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, B28, 86073 Poitiers cedex 09, France
- Réseau Epigénétique du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France
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78
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Ren Y, Sun Q, Yuan Z, Jiang Y. Combined inhibition of HDAC and DNMT1 induces p85α/MEK-mediated cell cycle arrest by dual target inhibitor 208 in U937 cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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79
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Flitton M, Rielly N, Warman R, Warden D, Smith AD, Macdonald IA, Knight HM. Interaction of nutrition and genetics via DNMT3L-mediated DNA methylation determines cognitive decline. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 78:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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80
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Yuan Z, Chen S, Gao C, Dai Q, Zhang C, Sun Q, Lin JS, Guo C, Chen Y, Jiang Y. Development of a versatile DNMT and HDAC inhibitor C02S modulating multiple cancer hallmarks for breast cancer therapy. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:200-208. [PMID: 30901675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNMT and HDAC are closely related to each other and involved in various human diseases especially cancer. These two enzymes have been widely recognized as antitumor targets for drug discovery. Besides, research has indicated that combination therapy consisting of DNMT and HDAC inhibitors exhibited therapeutic advantages. We have reported a DNMT and HDAC dual inhibitor 15a of which the DNMT enzymatic inhibitory potency needs to be improved. Herein we reported the development of a novel dual DNMT and HDAC inhibitor C02S which showed potent enzymatic inhibitory activities against DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and HDAC1 with IC50 values of 2.05, 0.93, 1.32, and 4.16 µM, respectively. Further evaluations indicated that C02S could inhibit DNMT and HDAC at cellular levels, thereby inversing mutated methylation and acetylation and increasing expression of tumor suppressor proteins. Moreover, C02S regulated multiple biological processes including inducing apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, inhibiting angiogenesis, blocking migration and invasion, and finally suppressing tumor cells proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigao Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Chunmei Gao
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Qiuzi Dai
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Cunlong Zhang
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qinsheng Sun
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jin-Shun Lin
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Chun Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Yuzong Chen
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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81
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Li S, Chen M, Li Y, Tollefsbol TO. Prenatal epigenetics diets play protective roles against environmental pollution. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:82. [PMID: 31097039 PMCID: PMC6524340 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is thought that germ cells and preimplantation embryos during development are most susceptible to endogenous and exogenous environmental factors because the epigenome in those cells is undergoing dramatic elimination and reconstruction. Exposure to environmental factors such as nutrition, climate, stress, pathogens, toxins, and even social behavior during gametogenesis and early embryogenesis has been shown to influence disease susceptibility in the offspring. Early-life epigenetic modifications, which determine the expression of genetic information stored in the genome, are viewed as one of the general mechanisms linking prenatal exposure and phenotypic changes later in life. From atmospheric pollution, endocrine-disrupting chemicals to heavy metals, research increasingly suggests that environmental pollutions have already produced significant consequences on human health. Moreover, mounting evidence now links such pollution to relevant modification in the epigenome. The epigenetics diet, referring to a class of bioactive dietary compounds such as isothiocyanates in broccoli, genistein in soybean, resveratrol in grape, epigallocatechin-3-gallate in green tea, and ascorbic acid in fruits, has been shown to modify the epigenome leading to beneficial health outcomes. This review will primarily focus on the causes and consequences of prenatal environment pollution exposure on the epigenome, and the potential protective role of the epigenetics diet, which could play a central role in neutralizing epigenomic aberrations against environmental pollutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhao Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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82
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Nguyen HP, Stewart S, Kukwikila MN, Jones SF, Offenbartl‐Stiegert D, Mao S, Balasubramanian S, Beck S, Howorka S. A Photo-responsive Small-Molecule Approach for the Opto-epigenetic Modulation of DNA Methylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6620-6624. [PMID: 30773767 PMCID: PMC7027477 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the functional dynamics of DNA within living cells is essential in biomedical research. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation play a key role in this endeavour. DNA methylation can be controlled by genetic means. Yet there are few chemical tools available for the spatial and temporal modulation of this modification. Herein, we present a small-molecule approach to modulate DNA methylation with light. The strategy uses a photo-tuneable version of a clinically used drug (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine) to alter the catalytic activity of DNA methyltransferases, the enzymes that methylate DNA. After uptake by cells, the photo-regulated molecule can be light-controlled to reduce genome-wide DNA methylation levels in proliferating cells. The chemical tool complements genetic, biochemical, and pharmacological approaches to study the role of DNA methylation in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Phuong Nguyen
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | | | - Mikiembo N. Kukwikila
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Sioned Fôn Jones
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Daniel Offenbartl‐Stiegert
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Shiqing Mao
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeUK
- Cancer Research (UK) Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeUK
| | - Shankar Balasubramanian
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeUK
- Cancer Research (UK) Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeUK
| | | | - Stefan Howorka
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
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83
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Nguyen HP, Stewart S, Kukwikila MN, Jones SF, Offenbartl‐Stiegert D, Mao S, Balasubramanian S, Beck S, Howorka S. A Photo‐responsive Small‐Molecule Approach for the Opto‐epigenetic Modulation of DNA Methylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Phuong Nguyen
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | | | - Mikiembo N. Kukwikila
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Sioned Fôn Jones
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Daniel Offenbartl‐Stiegert
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Shiqing Mao
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge UK
- Cancer Research (UK) Cambridge InstituteUniversity of Cambridge Robinson Way Cambridge UK
| | - Shankar Balasubramanian
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge UK
- Cancer Research (UK) Cambridge InstituteUniversity of Cambridge Robinson Way Cambridge UK
| | | | - Stefan Howorka
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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84
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Farooqi AA, Fuentes-Mattei E, Fayyaz S, Raj P, Goblirsch M, Poltronieri P, Calin GA. Interplay between epigenetic abnormalities and deregulated expression of microRNAs in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 58:47-55. [PMID: 30742906 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic abnormalities and aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs are two emerging features of cancer cells, both of which are responsible for deregulated gene expression. In this review, we describe the interplay between the two. Specific themes include epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor miRNAs, epigenetic activation of oncogenic miRNAs, epigenetic aberrations caused by miRNAs, and naturally occurring compounds which modulate miRNA expression through epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique Fuentes-Mattei
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Priyank Raj
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Goblirsch
- College of Science, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Palmiro Poltronieri
- National Research Council Italy Institute of Sciences of Food Productions (CNR-ISPA), Via Lecce-Monteroni km 7, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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85
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Morales-Nebreda L, McLafferty FS, Singer BD. DNA methylation as a transcriptional regulator of the immune system. Transl Res 2019; 204:1-18. [PMID: 30170004 PMCID: PMC6331288 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a dynamic epigenetic modification with a prominent role in determining mammalian cell development, lineage identity, and transcriptional regulation. Primarily linked to gene silencing, novel technologies have expanded the ability to measure DNA methylation on a genome-wide scale and uncover context-dependent regulatory roles. The immune system is a prototypic model for studying how DNA methylation patterning modulates cell type- and stimulus-specific transcriptional programs. Preservation of host defense and organ homeostasis depends on fine-tuned epigenetic mechanisms controlling myeloid and lymphoid cell differentiation and function, which shape innate and adaptive immune responses. Dysregulation of these processes can lead to human immune system pathology as seen in blood malignancies, infections, and autoimmune diseases. Identification of distinct epigenotypes linked to pathogenesis carries the potential to validate therapeutic targets in disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Morales-Nebreda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Fred S McLafferty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Benjamin D Singer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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86
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Leroy M, Mélin L, LaPlante SR, Medina-Franco JL, Gagnon A. Synthesis of NSC 106084 and NSC 14778 and evaluation of their DNMT inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:826-831. [PMID: 30704813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that is performed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and that leads to the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the C5 position of cytosine. This transformation results in hypermethylation and silencing of genes such as tumor suppressor genes. Aberrant DNA methylation has been associated with the development of many diseases, including cancer. Inhibition of DNMTs promotes the demethylation and reactivation of epigenetically silenced genes. NSC 106084 and 14778 have been reported to inhibit DNMTs in the micromolar range. We report herein the synthesis of NSC 106084 and 14778 and the evaluation of their DNMT inhibitory activity. Our results indicate that while commercial NSC 14778 is moderately active against DNMT1, 3A/3L and 3B/3L, resynthesized NSC 14778 is inactive under our assay conditions. Resynthesized 106084 was also found to be inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Leroy
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Léa Mélin
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Steven R LaPlante
- Centre INRS-Armand Frappier, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - José L Medina-Franco
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Alexandre Gagnon
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada.
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87
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Malta TM, de Souza CF, Sabedot TS, Silva TC, Mosella MS, Kalkanis SN, Snyder J, Castro AVB, Noushmehr H. Glioma CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP): biological and clinical implications. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:608-620. [PMID: 29036500 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of brain tumors with distinct biological and clinical properties. Despite advances in surgical techniques and clinical regimens, treatment of high-grade glioma remains challenging and carries dismal rates of therapeutic success and overall survival. Challenges include the molecular complexity of gliomas, as well as inconsistencies in histopathological grading, resulting in an inaccurate prediction of disease progression and failure in the use of standard therapy. The updated 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system reflects a refinement of tumor diagnostics by integrating the genotypic and phenotypic features, thereby narrowing the defined subgroups. The new classification recommends molecular diagnosis of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutational status in gliomas. IDH-mutant gliomas manifest the cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP). Notably, the recent identification of clinically relevant subsets of G-CIMP tumors (G-CIMP-high and G-CIMP-low) provides a further refinement in glioma classification that is independent of grade and histology. This scheme may be useful for predicting patient outcome and may be translated into effective therapeutic strategies tailored to each patient. In this review, we highlight the evolution of our understanding of the G-CIMP subsets and how recent advances in characterizing the genome and epigenome of gliomas may influence future basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathiane M Malta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Genetics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila F de Souza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Genetics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais S Sabedot
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Genetics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago C Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maritza S Mosella
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven N Kalkanis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - James Snyder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Houtan Noushmehr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Genetics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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88
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Desjobert C, Carrier A, Delmas A, Marzese DM, Daunay A, Busato F, Pillon A, Tost J, Riond J, Favre G, Etievant C, Arimondo PB. Demethylation by low-dose 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine impairs 3D melanoma invasion partially through miR-199a-3p expression revealing the role of this miR in melanoma. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:9. [PMID: 30651148 PMCID: PMC6335767 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient treatments against metastatic melanoma dissemination are still lacking. Here, we report that low-cytotoxic concentrations of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, a DNA demethylating agent, prevent in vitro 3D invasiveness of metastatic melanoma cells and reduce lung metastasis formation in vivo. RESULTS We unravelled that this beneficial effect is in part due to MIR-199A2 re-expression by promoter demethylation. Alone, this miR showed an anti-invasive and anti-metastatic effect. Throughout integration of micro-RNA target prediction databases with transcriptomic analysis after 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatments, we found that miR-199a-3p downregulates set of genes significantly involved in invasion/migration processes. In addition, analysis of data from melanoma patients showed a stage- and tissue type-dependent modulation of MIR-199A2 expression by DNA methylation. CONCLUSIONS Thus, our data suggest that epigenetic- and/or miR-based therapeutic strategies can be relevant to limit metastatic dissemination of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Desjobert
- FRE no. 3600 CNRS, Epigenetic Targeting of Cancer (ETaC), Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Carrier
- FRE no. 3600 CNRS, Epigenetic Targeting of Cancer (ETaC), Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Delmas
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Diego M Marzese
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Antoine Daunay
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Fondation Jean Dausset - CEPH, Paris, France
| | - Florence Busato
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment, Centre National de la Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Arnaud Pillon
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, CRDPF, Toulouse, France
| | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment, Centre National de la Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Joëlle Riond
- FRE no. 3600 CNRS, Epigenetic Targeting of Cancer (ETaC), Toulouse, France.,UMR 1037 INSERM/Université Toulouse III, CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Favre
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Paola B Arimondo
- FRE no. 3600 CNRS, Epigenetic Targeting of Cancer (ETaC), Toulouse, France. .,Institut Pasteur CNRS UMR3523, Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Paris, France.
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89
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Wang W, Toran PT, Sabol R, Brown TJ, Barth BM. Epigenetics and Sphingolipid Metabolism in Health and Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 1. [PMID: 30637412 DOI: 10.31021/ijbs.20181105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids represent one of the major classes of bioactive lipids. Studies of sphingolipids have intensified in the past several years, revealing their roles in nearly all cell biological processes. In addition, epigenetic regulation has gained substantial interest due to its role in controlling gene expression and activity without changing the genetic code. In this review, we first introduce a brief background on sphingolipid biology, highlighting its role in pathophysiology. We then illustrate the concept of epigenetic regulation, focusing on how it affects the metabolism of sphingolipids. We further discuss the roles of bioactive sphingolipids as epigenetic regulators themselves. Overall, a better understanding of the relationship between epigenetics and sphingolipid metabolism may help to improve the development of sphingolipid-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - Paul T Toran
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - Rachel Sabol
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - Timothy J Brown
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Brian M Barth
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA
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90
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de Melo FHM, Oliveira JS, Sartorelli VOB, Montor WR. Cancer Chemoprevention: Classic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Inhibiting Tumorigenesis. What Have We Learned So Far? Front Oncol 2018; 8:644. [PMID: 30627525 PMCID: PMC6309127 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers derive from step by step processes which are differentiated by the progressively accumulated mutations. For some tumors there is a clear progressive advancement from benign lesions to malignancy and for these, preventive screening programs exist. In such cases having those benign lesions are a clear indicator of predisposition while for some other cases, familial patterns of cancer incidence and the identification of mutations are the main indicators of higher risk for having the disease. For patients identified as having predisposition, chemoprevention is a goal and in some cases a possibility. Chemoprevention is the use of any compound, either natural or synthetic that abrogates carcinogenesis or tumor progression, through different mechanisms, some of which have already been described. For example, the classic mechanisms may involve activation of free radical scavenging enzymes, control of chronic inflammation, and downregulation of specific signaling pathways. More recently, epigenetics allowed further understanding of the chemopreventive potential of several agents, such as sulforaphane, green tea derived compounds, resveratrol, isoflavones, and others which we exploit in this review article. Throughout the text we discuss the properties compounds should have in order to be classified as chemopreventive ones and the challenges in translational research in this area, as lots of the success achieved in vitro cannot be translated into the clinical settings, due to several different drawbacks, which include toxicity, cost, dose definition, patient adherence, and regimen of use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Salles Oliveira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences (FCMSCSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner Ricardo Montor
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences (FCMSCSP), São Paulo, Brazil
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91
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Lee V, Wang J, Zahurak M, Gootjes E, Verheul HM, Parkinson R, Kerner Z, Sharma A, Rosner G, De Jesus-Acosta A, Laheru D, Le DT, Oganesian A, Lilly E, Brown T, Jones P, Baylin S, Ahuja N, Azad N. A Phase I Trial of a Guadecitabine (SGI-110) and Irinotecan in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Previously Exposed to Irinotecan. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:6160-6167. [PMID: 30097434 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemotherapeutic resistance eventually develops in all patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Gene silencing through promoter demethylation is one potential reversible mechanism of resistance with administration of hypomethylating agents. We evaluated the safety and tolerability of guadecitabine and irinotecan in patients with mCRC previously treated with irinotecan. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this 3+3 dose-escalation study, patients with mCRC previously exposed to irinotecan received guadecitabine days 1 to 5 of a 28-day cycle and irinotecan 125 mg/m2 days 8 and 15 [dose level (DL) 1, guadecitabine 45 mg/m2; DL -1: guadecitabine 30 mg/m2; DL -1G: guadecitabine 30 mg/m2 with growth factor support (GFS); DL 1G: guadecitabine 45 mg/m2 with GFS]. RESULTS Twenty-two patients were treated across four DLs. Dose-limiting toxicities were neutropenic fever (DL 1 and -1G), biliary drain infection (DL -1), colonic obstruction (DL -1), and severe dehydration (DL 1G). Most common toxicities were neutropenia (82% any grade, 77% Grade 3/4), neutropenic fever (23%), leukopenia (73% any grade, 50% Grade 3/4), and injection site reactions (64% total, 0% Grade 3/4). Patients received a median of 4.5 cycles of treatment; 12/17 evaluable patients had stable disease as best response, with one having initial disease progression but subsequently durable partial response. Circulating tumor DNA showed decrease in global demethylation by LINE-1 after treatment. CONCLUSIONS We report the first study of chemo-priming with epigenetic therapy in gastrointestinal cancers. Guadecitabine 45 mg/m2 and irinotecan 125 mg/m2 with GFS was safe and tolerable in patients with mCRC, with early indication of benefit. These data have provided the basis for an ongoing phase II randomized, multicenter trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Lee
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Judy Wang
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marianna Zahurak
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elske Gootjes
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk M Verheul
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rose Parkinson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zachary Kerner
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anup Sharma
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gary Rosner
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Daniel Laheru
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dung T Le
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Ellen Lilly
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas Brown
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Stephen Baylin
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nita Ahuja
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nilofer Azad
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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92
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Liu Z, Gao Y, Li X. Cancer epigenetics and the potential of epigenetic drugs for treating solid tumors. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 19:139-149. [PMID: 30470148 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1552139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Epigenetic modification without DNA sequence mutation plays an important role in cancer development. Some small molecular inhibitors targeting key epigenetic molecules have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat hematological malignancies. However, the anticancer effects of these drugs on solid tumors are not satisfactory, and the mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Areas covered: The review summarizes the latest research on cancer epigenetics and discusses the potentials and limitations of using epigenetic drugs to treat solid tumors. An analysis of possible reasons for epigenetic drug treatment failure in solid tumors in some clinical trials is discussed along with prospects for future development. Expert commentary: Next-generation small molecule inhibitors will target novel epigenetic regulators with high cancer specificity. Combined modalities exploiting epigenetic drugs with chemo-/radiotherapy, molecular-targeting drugs, and immunotherapy will be able to effectively treat solid tumors in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Liu
- a Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Yingxue Gao
- a Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Xiong Li
- a Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
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93
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Yang Y, Zhu F, Wang Q, Ding Y, Ying R, Zeng L. Inhibition of EZH2 and EGFR produces a synergistic effect on cell apoptosis by increasing autophagy in gastric cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:8455-8463. [PMID: 30555238 PMCID: PMC6278712 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s186498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous reports have shown that a combination of two or more drugs leads to better cancer treatment. Inhibitors of zeste homology 2 and epidermal growth factor receptor have been widely used in cancer treatments. However, the mechanisms of the combined use of these two drugs remain elusive. Methods Sulforhodamine B assays and Alexa Fluor®-488 Annexin V/Dead Cell Apoptosis Kit were used to detect the cell proliferation and cell apoptosis in vitro, respectively. Western blotting analysis was used to detect the relative protein expression, and xenografted tumor was generated in nude mice to evaluate the effect in vivo. Results Treatment with either Gefitinib ranging from 0 to 12.5 µM or GSK126 ranging from 0 to 8.3 µM caused a dose-dependent decrease in the cell survival fraction, and the combination of Gefitinib at 12.5 µM and GSK126 at 8.3 µM caused further significant decrease. The combination indexes were 0.061, 0.591, 0.713, and 0.371 for MGC803, A549, PC-3, and MDB-MA-231, respectively. In MGC803 cells, the combination of GSK126 and Gefitinib synergistically induced cell apoptosis (56.2%), which was markedly higher as compared to either drug alone (7.6% and 10.6%, P<0.05). Treatment with either Gefitinib or GSK126 alone induced a significant increase in cell apoptosis in LC3-II and p-ULK, whereas the combination of the two induced a further increase. Pretreatment with an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, prevented the apoptosis induced by the combined use of Gefitinib and GSK126. In addition, the combined use of Gefitinib and GSK126 also inhibited the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Furthermore, the combined use of GSK126 and Gefitinib synergistically inhibited xenografted tumor proliferation. Conclusion The combined use of GSK126 and Gefitinib exerts a synergic effect on tumor growth inhibition both in vitro and in vivo through inducing autophagy and promoting apoptosis. Therefore, GSK126 and Gefitinib in combination may be considered as a potential strategy in treating solid tumor clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youping Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling City, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province 317500, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, The Taizhou Cancer Hospital, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province 317500, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310015, China,
| | - Qingmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310015, China,
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Taizhou Cancer Hospital, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province 317500, China
| | - Rongbiao Ying
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Taizhou Cancer Hospital, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province 317500, China
| | - Linghui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310015, China,
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94
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Morgensztern D, Cobo M, Ponce Aix S, Postmus PE, Lewanski CR, Bennouna J, Fischer JR, Juan-Vidal O, Stewart DJ, Fasola G, Ardizzoni A, Bhore R, Wolfsteiner M, Talbot DC, Jin Ong T, Govindan R, On Behalf Of The Abound L Investigators. ABOUND.2L+: A randomized phase 2 study of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel with or without CC-486 as second-line treatment for advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cancer 2018; 124:4667-4675. [PMID: 30383906 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This randomized phase 2 trial compared the efficacy and safety of second-line nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) with or without the addition of CC-486 (an oral formulation of 5-azacytidine) in patients with advanced-stage, nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS Patients were randomized to receive either nab-paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 on days 8 and 15 plus CC-486 200 mg daily on days 1 to 14 or single-agent nab-paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, with both regimens administered every 21 days until tumor progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival. Secondary endpoints included the overall response rate, the disease control rate, and overall survival. RESULTS Between January 2015 and August 2016, 161 patients were randomized (81 to the combination arm and 80 to the single-agent nab-paclitaxel arm). There was no benefit from the addition of CC-486 to nab-paclitaxel. The median progression-free survival was 3.2 months for the combination and 4.2 months for single-agent nab-paclitaxel (hazard ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-1.9). The median overall survival was 8.1 months in the combination arm and 17 months in the single-agent nab-paclitaxel arms (hazard ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.57). Grade 3 or greater treatment-related, emergent adverse events were reported by 40.5% of patients in the combination arm and by 31.6% of those in the single-agent nab-paclitaxel arm. CONCLUSIONS Single-agent nab-paclitaxel was associated with promising outcomes and a tolerable safety profile as second-line treatment for patients with advanced-stage, nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer. There was no benefit from the addition of CC-486 to nab-paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Morgensztern
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Manuel Cobo
- Malaga Institute of Biomedical Research, Malaga University Regional Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jaafar Bennouna
- Rene Gauducheau Regional Center of the Campaign Against Cancer, Nantes Atlantic, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - David J Stewart
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- St. Ursula-Malpighi Polyclinic, University Hospital Authority of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Denis C Talbot
- Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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95
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Mohan DR, Lerario AM, Hammer GD. Therapeutic Targets for Adrenocortical Carcinoma in the Genomics Era. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:1259-1274. [PMID: 30402590 PMCID: PMC6215083 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and often fatal cancer, affecting ~1 person per million per year worldwide. Approximately 75% of patients with ACC eventually develop metastases and progress on the few available standard-of-care medical therapies, highlighting an incredible need for an improved understanding of the molecular biology of this disease. Although it has long been known that ACC is characterized by certain histological and genetic features (e.g., high mitotic activity, chromosomal instability, and overexpression of IGF2), only in the last two decades of genomics has the molecular landscape of ACC been more thoroughly characterized. In this review, we describe the findings of historical genetics and recent genomics studies on ACC and discuss how underlying concepts emerging from these studies contribute to the current model of critical pathways for adrenocortical carcinogenesis. Integrative synthesis across these studies reveals that ACC consists of three distinct molecular subtypes with divergent clinical outcomes and implicates differential regulation of Wnt signaling, cell cycle, DNA methylation, immune biology, and steroidogenesis in ACC biology. These cellular programs are pharmacologically targetable and may enable the development of therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes for patients facing this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika R Mohan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Antonio Marcondes Lerario
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gary D Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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96
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SABCS 2017 pathology: from bench to bedside. MEMO-MAGAZINE OF EUROPEAN MEDICAL ONCOLOGY 2018; 11:217-219. [PMID: 30220930 PMCID: PMC6132829 DOI: 10.1007/s12254-018-0427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The 40th International San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium offered a multifaceted platform for the presentation of several innovative therapeutic approaches. The results of these preclinical and clinical studies provided insight into the development of novel therapy concepts from the laboratory bench to the bedside of breast cancer patients. One main focus of last year’s symposium was the search for synergisms and opportunities for collaboration between basic research scientists and investigators in drug development. Highlights of these topics included preclinical data on selective estrogen receptor covalent antagonists (SERCAs), the discovery of immune-modulating effects of demethylating agents as well as the exact characterization and risk assessment of BRCA2 mutations of previously unknown significance. Pathological advances aimed at the molecular understanding of intratumoral heterogeneity and the evolution of lobular breast cancer. Beyond preclinical discoveries at the molecular level, clinical studies provided evidence on the duration of adjuvant bisphosphonate treatment and the use of the EndoPredict multigenomic assay to predict response to neoadjuvant chemo- and endocrine therapy. The SUCCESS A study reported that the prolonged adjuvant administration of zoledronic acid for 5 years did not improve patient survival after chemotherapy. A translational analysis of the ABCSG 34 trial revealed that the EndoPredict multigenomic assay could identify patients who do not benefit from neoadjuvant endocrine or chemotherapy. These recent advances are likely to promote individualized breast cancer care.
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97
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Ferrari AC, Alumkal JJ, Stein MN, Taplin ME, Babb J, Barnett ES, Gomez-Pinillos A, Liu X, Moore D, DiPaola R, Beer TM. Epigenetic Therapy with Panobinostat Combined with Bicalutamide Rechallenge in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:52-63. [PMID: 30224345 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assesses the action of panobinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI), in restoring sensitivity to bicalutamide in a castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) model and the efficacy and safety of the panobinostat/bicalutamide combination in CRPC patients resistant to second-line antiandrogen therapy (2ndLAARx). PATIENTS AND METHODS The CWR22PC xenograft and isogenic cell line were tested for drug interactions on tumor cell growth and on the androgen receptor (AR), AR-splice variant7, and AR targets. A phase I trial had a 3 × 3 panobinostat dose-escalation design. The phase II study randomized 55 patients to panobinostat 40 mg (A arm) or 20 mg (B arm) triweekly ×2 weeks with bicalutamide 50 mg/day in 3-week cycles. The primary endpoint was to determine the percentage of radiographic progression-free (rPF) patients at 36 weeks versus historic high-dose bicalutamide. RESULTS In the model, panobinostat/bicalutamide demonstrated synergistic antitumor effect while reducing AR activity. The dose-limiting toxicity was not reached. The probability of remaining rPF exceeded protocol-specified 35% in the A arm and 47.5% and 38.5% in the B arm. The probabilities of remaining rPF were 47.5% in the A arm and 38.5% in the B arm, exceeding the protocol-specified threshold of 35%. A arm/B arm: adverse events (AE), 62%/19%; treatment stopped for AEs, 27.5%/11.5%; dose reduction required, 41%/4%; principal A-arm grade ≥3 AEs, thrombocytopenia (31%) and fatigue (14%). CONCLUSIONS The 40 mg panobinostat/bicalutamide regimen increased rPF survival in CRPC patients resistant to 2ndLAARx. Panobinostat toxicity was tolerable with dose reductions. Epigenetic HDACI therapy reduces AR-mediated resistance to bicalutamide in CRPC models with clinical benefit in patients. The combination merits validation using a second-generation antiandrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Ferrari
- Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | | | - Mark N Stein
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - James Babb
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ethan S Barnett
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | | | - Xiaomei Liu
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Dirk Moore
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Robert DiPaola
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
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98
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Chen M, Nie J, Liu Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Brock MV, Feng K, Wu Z, Li X, Shi L, Li S, Guo M, Mei Q, Han W. Phase Ib/II study of safety and efficacy of low-dose decitabine-primed chemoimmunotherapy in patients with drug-resistant relapsed/refractory alimentary tract cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1530-1540. [PMID: 29663379 PMCID: PMC6099263 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pressing need for improved therapeutic outcomes provides a good rationale for identifying effective strategies for alimentary tract (AT) cancer treatment. The potential re-sensitivity property to chemo- and immunotherapy of low-dose decitabine has been evident both preclinically and in previous phase I trials. We conducted a phase Ib/II trial evaluating low-dose decitabine-primed chemoimmunotherapy in patients with drug-resistant relapsed/refractory (R/R) esophageal, gastric or colorectal cancers. Forty-five patients received either the 5-day decitabine treatment with subsequent readministration of the previously resistant chemotherapy (decitabine-primed chemotherapy, D-C cohort) or the aforementioned regimen followed by cytokine-induced killer cells therapy (D-C and cytokine-induced killer [CIK] cell treatment, D-C + CIK cohort) based on their treatment history. Grade 3 to 4 adverse events (AEs) were reported in 11 (24.4%) of 45 patients. All AEs were controllable, and no patient experienced a treatment-related death. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 24.44% and 82.22%, respectively, including two patients who achieved durable complete responses. Clinical response could be associated with treatment-free interval and initial surgical resection history. ORR and DCR reached 28% and 92%, respectively, in the D-C + CIK cohort. Consistently, the progression-free survival (PFS) of the D-C + CIK cohort compared favorably to the best PFS of the pre-resistant unprimed therapy (p = 0.0001). The toxicity and ORRs exhibited were non-significantly different between cancer types and treatment cohort. The safety and efficacy of decitabine-primed re-sensitization to chemoimmunotherapy is attractive and promising. These data warrant further large-scale evaluation of drug-resistant R/R AT cancer patients with advanced stage disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/secondary
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary
- Cells, Cultured
- Cohort Studies
- Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells/drug effects
- Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells/immunology
- Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells/pathology
- Decitabine/therapeutic use
- Digestive System/drug effects
- Digestive System/immunology
- Digestive System/pathology
- Digestive System Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Digestive System Neoplasms/immunology
- Digestive System Neoplasms/pathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Prognosis
- Salvage Therapy
- Survival Rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | | | - Kaichao Feng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Suxia Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qian Mei
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
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99
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Arechederra M, Daian F, Yim A, Bazai SK, Richelme S, Dono R, Saurin AJ, Habermann BH, Maina F. Hypermethylation of gene body CpG islands predicts high dosage of functional oncogenes in liver cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3164. [PMID: 30089774 PMCID: PMC6082886 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications such as aberrant DNA methylation reshape the gene expression repertoire in cancer. Here, we used a clinically relevant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mouse model (Alb-R26Met) to explore the impact of DNA methylation on transcriptional switches associated with tumorigenesis. We identified a striking enrichment in genes simultaneously hypermethylated in CpG islands (CGIs) and overexpressed. These hypermethylated CGIs are located either in the 5′-UTR or in the gene body region. Remarkably, such CGI hypermethylation accompanied by gene upregulation also occurs in 56% of HCC patients, which belong to the “HCC proliferative-progenitor” subclass. Most of the genes upregulated and with hypermethylated CGIs in the Alb-R26Met HCC model undergo the same change in a large proportion of HCC patients. Among reprogrammed genes, several are well-known oncogenes. For others not previously linked to cancer, we demonstrate here their action together as an “oncogene module”. Thus, hypermethylation of gene body CGIs is predictive of elevated oncogene levels in cancer, offering a novel stratification strategy and perspectives to normalise cancer gene dosages. Changes in the DNA methylation status are commonly observed in cancer but their impact on cancer development is unclear. Here, combining DNA methylation and expression profiles from a murine model of hepatocellular carcinoma with those from human samples, the authors report an epigenetic reprogramming process ensuring increased dosage of an “oncogene module”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Arechederra
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Daian
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Annie Yim
- Computational Biology Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sehrish K Bazai
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Richelme
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Rosanna Dono
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Andrew J Saurin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Bianca H Habermann
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Flavio Maina
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, 13009, Marseille, France.
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100
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Gao X, Sheng Y, Yang J, Wang C, Zhang R, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Yan S, Sun H, Wei J, Wang X, Yu X, Zhang Y, Luo Q, Zheng Y, Qiao P, Zhao Y, Dong Q, Qin L. Osteopontin alters DNA methylation through up-regulating DNMT1 and sensitizes CD133+/CD44+ cancer stem cells to 5 azacytidine in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:179. [PMID: 30064482 PMCID: PMC6069805 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), CD133+/CD44+ cells are one subgroup with high stemness and responsible for metastatic relapse and resistance to treatment. Our previous studies have demonstrated that osteopontin (OPN) plays critical roles in HCC metastasis. We further investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the role of OPN in regulating the stemness of HCC epigenetically and explored possible targeting strategy. METHODS CD133+/CD44+ subgroup sorting from HCC cell lines and HCC tissues was used to investigate the effects of OPN knockdown on stemness. iTRAQ and MedIP-sequencing were applied to detect the protein profile and epigenetic modification of CD133+/CD44+ subgroup with or without OPN knockdown. The antitumor effects of 5 Azacytidine were examined in cultured HCC cells and patient derived xenograft (PDX) models. RESULTS OPN was accumulated in CD133+/CD44+ subgroup of HCC cells. Knocking down OPN significantly inhibited the sphere formation and stemness-related genes expression, and delayed tumor initiation of CD133+/CD44+ subgroup of HCC cells. Employing MedIP-sequencing, dot blot and iTRAQ analyses of CD133+/CD44+ SCR and CD133+/CD44+ shOPN cells, we found that OPN knockdown leaded to reduction in DNA methylation with particular enrichment in CGI. Meanwhile, DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), the main methylation maintainer, was downregulated via proteomics analysis, which mediated OPN altering DNA methylation. Furthermore, DNMT1 upregulation could partially rescue the properties of CD133+/CD44+ shOPN cells. Both in vitro and in vivo assays showed that CD133+/CD44+ cells with high OPN levels were more sensitive to DNA methylation inhibitor, 5 Azacytidine (5 Aza). The above findings were validated in HCC primary cells, a more clinically relevant model. CONCLUSIONS OPN induces methylome reprogramming to enhance the stemness of CD133+/CD44+ subgroup and provides the therapeutic benefits to DNMT1 targeting treatment in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yuanyuan Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Shican Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Haoting Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jinwang Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xinxin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Qin Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Peng Qiao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Qiongzhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Lunxiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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