51
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Wang Q, Dong Z, Lou F, Yin Y, Zhang J, Wen H, Lu T, Wang Y. Phenylboronic ester-modified polymeric nanoparticles for promoting TRP2 peptide antigen delivery in cancer immunotherapy. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2029-2043. [PMID: 35766157 PMCID: PMC9248950 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2086941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tremendous development of peptide-based cancer vaccine has attracted incremental interest as a powerful approach in cancer management, prevention and treatment. As successful as tumor vaccine has been, major challenges associated with achieving efficient immune response against cancer are (1) drainage to and retention in lymph nodes; (2) uptake by dendritic cells (DCs); (3) activation of DCs. In order to overcome these barriers, here we construct PBE-modified TRP2 nanovaccine, which comprises TRP2 peptide tumor antigen and diblock copolymer PEG-b-PAsp grafted with phenylboronic ester (PBE). We confirmed that this TRP2 nanovaccine can be effectively trapped into lymph node, uptake by dendritic cells and induce DC maturation, relying on increased negative charge, ROS response and pH response. Consistently, this vehicle loaded with TRP2 peptide could boost the strongest T cell immune response against melanoma in vivo and potentiate antitumor efficacy both in tumor prevention and tumor treatment without any exogenous adjuvant. Furthermore, the TRP2 nanovaccine can suppress the tumor growth and prolong animal survival time, which may result from its synergistic effect of inhibiting tumor immunosuppression and increasing cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) response. Hence this type of PBE-modified nanovaccine would be widely used as a simple, safe and robust platform to deliver other antigen in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Immunology Research program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhipeng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangning Lou
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunxue Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanning Wen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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52
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Meng F, Li L, Zhang Z, Lin Z, Zhang J, Song X, Xue T, Xing C, Liang X, Zhang X. Biosynthetic neoantigen displayed on bacteria derived vesicles elicit systemic antitumour immunity. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12289. [PMID: 36468941 PMCID: PMC9721206 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoantigens derived from mutant proteins in tumour cells could elicit potent personalized anti-tumour immunity. Nevertheless, the layout of vaccine vehicle and synthesis of neoantigen are pivotal for stimulating robust response. The power of synthetic biology enables genetic programming bacteria to produce therapeutic agents under contol of the gene circuits. Herein, we genetically engineered bacteria to synthesize fusion neoantigens, and prepared bacteria derived vesicles (BDVs) presenting the neoantigens (BDVs-Neo) as personalized therapeutic vaccine to drive systemic antitumour response. BDVs-Neo and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were inoculated subcutaneously within hydrogel (Gel), whereas sustaining release of BDVs-Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and GM-CSF recruited the dendritic cells (DCs). Virtually, Gel-BDVs-Neo combined with the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody intensively enhanced proliferation and activation of tumour-infiltrated T cells, as well as memory T cell clone expansion. Consequently, BDVs-Neo combining with checkpoint blockade therapy effectively prevented tumour relapse and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanqiang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of MedicineShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongPR China
| | - Liyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of MedicineShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongPR China
| | - Zhirang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of MedicineShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongPR China
| | - Zhongda Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of MedicineShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongPR China
| | - Jinxie Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongPR China
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of MedicineShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongPR China
| | - Tianyuan Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of MedicineShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongPR China
| | - Chenyang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of EducationCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenPR China
| | - Xin Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular DiagnosticsKey Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue EngineeringSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangdong Medical UniversityDongguanPR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences‐Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenPR China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of MedicineShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongPR China
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53
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Mamuti M, Chen W, Jiang X. Nanotechnology‐Assisted Immunoengineering for Cancer Vaccines. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhetaerjiang Mamuti
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Weizhi Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology Nanjing University Nanjing China
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54
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Recent Advances in Cancer Vaccines: Challenges, Achievements, and Futuristic Prospects. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122011. [PMID: 36560420 PMCID: PMC9788126 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a chronic disease, and it can be lethal due to limited therapeutic options. The conventional treatment options for cancer have numerous challenges, such as a low blood circulation time as well as poor solubility of anticancer drugs. Therapeutic cancer vaccines emerged to try to improve anticancer drugs' efficiency and to deliver them to the target site. Cancer vaccines are considered a viable therapeutic technique for most solid tumors. Vaccines boost antitumor immunity by delivering tumor antigens, nucleic acids, entire cells, and peptides. Cancer vaccines are designed to induce long-term antitumor memory, causing tumor regression, eradicate minimal residual illness, and prevent non-specific or unpleasant effects. These vaccines can assist in the elimination of cancer cells from various organs or organ systems in the body, with minimal risk of tumor recurrence or metastasis. Vaccines and antigens for anticancer therapy are discussed in this review, including current vaccine adjuvants and mechanisms of action for various types of vaccines, such as DNA- or mRNA-based cancer vaccines. Potential applications of these vaccines focusing on their clinical use for better therapeutic efficacy are also discussed along with the latest research available in this field.
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55
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Baharom F, Ramirez-Valdez RA, Khalilnezhad A, Khalilnezhad S, Dillon M, Hermans D, Fussell S, Tobin KKS, Dutertre CA, Lynn GM, Müller S, Ginhoux F, Ishizuka AS, Seder RA. Systemic vaccination induces CD8 + T cells and remodels the tumor microenvironment. Cell 2022; 185:4317-4332.e15. [PMID: 36302380 PMCID: PMC9669246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines are designed to increase tumor-specific T cell immunity. However, suppressive mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment (TME) may limit T cell function. Here, we assessed how the route of vaccination alters intratumoral myeloid cells. Using a self-assembling nanoparticle vaccine that links tumor antigen peptides to a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist (SNP-7/8a), we treated tumor-bearing mice subcutaneously (SNP-SC) or intravenously (SNP-IV). Both routes generated antigen-specific CD8+ T cells that infiltrated tumors. However, only SNP-IV mediated tumor regression, dependent on systemic type I interferon at the time of boost. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed that intratumoral monocytes expressing an immunoregulatory gene signature (Chil3, Anxa2, Wfdc17) were reduced after SNP-IV boost. In humans, the Chil3+ monocyte gene signature is enriched in CD16- monocytes and associated with worse outcomes. Our results show that the generation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells combined with remodeling of the TME is a promising approach for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezzah Baharom
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ramiro A Ramirez-Valdez
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ahad Khalilnezhad
- Singapore Immunology Network, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | | | - Marlon Dillon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dalton Hermans
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sloane Fussell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kennedy K S Tobin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Charles-Antoine Dutertre
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif 94805, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif 94800, France
| | | | | | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif 94800, France; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, China; Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Andrew S Ishizuka
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Vaccitech North America, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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56
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Sunil V, Mozhi A, Zhan W, Teoh JH, Ghode PB, Thakor NV, Wang CH. In-situ vaccination using dual responsive organelle targeted nanoreactors. Biomaterials 2022; 290:121843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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57
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Wang X, Liu X, Hugo W, Si L, Shi H. Editorial: Improvement of melanoma immune checkpoint blockade therapy with potential combinatorial regiments. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1065937. [PMID: 36389823 PMCID: PMC9661360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1065937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Willy Hugo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lu Si
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hubing Shi
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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58
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Koşaloğlu-Yalçın Z, Blazeska N, Vita R, Carter H, Nielsen M, Schoenberger S, Sette A, Peters B. The Cancer Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (CEDAR). Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 51:D845-D852. [PMID: 36250634 PMCID: PMC9825495 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We established The Cancer Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (CEDAR) to catalog all epitope data in the context of cancer. The specific molecular targets of adaptive T cell and B cell immune responses are referred to as epitopes. Epitopes derived from cancer antigens are of high relevance as they are recognized by anti-cancer immune cells. Detailed knowledge of the molecular characteristic of cancer epitopes and associated metadata is relevant to understanding and planning prophylactic and therapeutic applications and accurately characterizing naturally occurring immune responses and cancer immunopathology. CEDAR provides a freely accessible, comprehensive collection of cancer epitope and receptor data curated from the literature and serves as a companion site to the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB), which is focused on infectious, autoimmune, and allergic diseases. CEDAR is freely accessible at https://cedar.iedb.org/.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Blazeska
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Randi Vita
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Carter
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark,Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Argentina
| | - Stephen Schoenberger
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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59
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Jugniot N, Dahl JJ, Paulmurugan R. Immunotheranostic microbubbles (iMBs) - a modular platform for dendritic cell vaccine delivery applied to breast cancer immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:299. [PMID: 36224614 PMCID: PMC9555090 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic strategies engaging the immune system against malignant cells have revolutionized the field of oncology. Proficiency of dendritic cells (DCs) for antigen presentation and immune response has spurred interest on DC-based vaccines for anti-cancer therapy. However, despite favorable safety profiles in patients, current DC-vaccines have not yet presented significant outcome due to technical barriers in active DC delivery, tumor progression, and immune dysfunction. To maximize the therapeutic response, we present here a unique cell-free DC-based vaccine capable of lymphoid organ targeting and eliciting T-cell-mediated anti-tumor effect. METHODS We developed this novel immunotheranostic platform using plasma membranes derived from activated DCs incorporated into ultrasound contrast microbubbles (MBs), thereby offering real-time visualization of MBs' trafficking and homing in vivo. Human PBMC-derived DCs were cultured ex vivo for controlled maturation and activation using cell membrane antigens from breast cancer cells. Following DC membrane isolation, immunotheranostic microbubbles, called DC-iMBs, were formed for triple negative breast cancer treatment in a mouse model harboring a human reconstituted immune system. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that DC-iMBs can accumulate in lymphoid organs and induce anti-tumor immune response, which significantly reduced tumor growth via apoptosis while increasing survival length of the treated animals. The phenotypic changes in immune cell populations upon DC-iMBs delivery further confirmed the T-cell-mediated anti-tumor effect. CONCLUSION These early findings strongly support the potential of DC-iMBs as a novel immunotherapeutic cell-free vaccine for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Jugniot
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Jeremy J. Dahl
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
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60
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Engineered Oncolytic Adenoviruses: An Emerging Approach for Cancer Therapy. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101146. [PMID: 36297203 PMCID: PMC9608483 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is among the major leading causes of mortality globally, and chemotherapy is currently one of the most effective cancer therapies. Unfortunately, chemotherapy is invariably accompanied by dose-dependent cytotoxic side effects. Recently, genetically engineered adenoviruses emerged as an alternative gene therapy approach targeting cancers. This review focuses on the characteristics of genetically modified adenovirus and oncology clinical studies using adenovirus-mediated gene therapy strategies. In addition, modulation of the tumor biology and the tumor microenvironment as well as the immunological responses associated with adenovirus-mediate cancer therapy are discussed.
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61
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Chou L, Callmann CE, Dominguez D, Zhang B, Mirkin CA. Disrupting the Interplay between Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 and Programmed Death Ligand 1 with Spherical Nucleic Acids in Treating Cancer. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1299-1305. [PMID: 36188343 PMCID: PMC9523766 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Disrupting the interplay between programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a powerful immunotherapeutic approach to cancer treatment. Herein, spherical nucleic acid (SNA) liposomal nanoparticle conjugates that incorporate a newly designed antisense DNA sequence specifically against PD-L1 (immune checkpoint inhibitor SNAs, or IC-SNAs) are explored as a strategy for blocking PD-1/PD-L1 signaling within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Concentration-dependent PD-L1 silencing with IC-SNAs is observed in MC38 colon cancer cells, where IC-SNAs decrease both surface PD-L1 (sPD-L1) and total PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, peritumoral administration of IC-SNAs in a syngeneic mouse model of MC38 colon cancer leads to reduced sPD-L1 expression in multiple cell populations within the TME, including tumor cells, dendritic cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells. The treatment effectively increases CD8+ T cells accumulation and functionality in the TME, which ultimately inhibits tumor growth and extends animal survival. Taken together, these data show that IC-SNA nanoconstructs are capable of disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 interplay via gene regulation, thereby providing a promising avenue for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyushang Chou
- Interdisciplinary
Biological Sciences Graduate Program, International Institute
for Nanotechnology, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cassandra E. Callmann
- Interdisciplinary
Biological Sciences Graduate Program, International Institute
for Nanotechnology, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Donye Dominguez
- Feinberg
School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Bin Zhang
- Feinberg
School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Interdisciplinary
Biological Sciences Graduate Program, International Institute
for Nanotechnology, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Feinberg
School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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62
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Li WH, Su JY, Li YM. Rational Design of T-Cell- and B-Cell-Based Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2660-2671. [PMID: 36048514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines provide an efficient strategy to enhance tumor-specific immune responses by redeploying immune systems. Despite the approval of the first cancer vaccine (Sipuleucel-T) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2010, most therapeutic cancer vaccines fail in clinical trials. Basically, tumor-specific immune responses rely on not only T-cell but also B-cell immunity, which indicates that cancer vaccines should leverage both arms of the adaptive immune system. For example, CD8+ T cells activated by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) recognize and directly kill tumor cells via peptide-bound major histocompatibility complex (pMHC). B cells recognize antigen with no need of pMHC and require CD4+ T cells for sufficient activation and antibody generation, enabling antibody-mediated nondirect killing on tumor cells. Considering the different mechanisms of T-cell and B-cell activation, the rational design of therapeutic cancer vaccines should consider several factors, including antigen selection and recognition, immune activation, vaccine delivery, and repeatable vaccination, which can be advanced by chemical strategies.In this Account, we summarize our recent contributions to the development of effective T-cell- and B-cell-based therapeutic cancer vaccines. For T-cell-based vaccines, we focus on adjuvants as the key component for controllable APC activation and T-cell priming. Not only synthetic molecular agonists of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) but also adjuvant nanomaterials were explored to satisfy diversiform vaccine designs. For example, a type of natural cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) that was chemically modified with fluorination and ipsilateral phosphorothioation to activate the stimulator of interferon gene (STING) was found to mediate antitumor responses. It retains structural similarity to the parent CDN scaffold but possesses increased stability, cellular uptake, and immune activation for antitumor treatment. It also facilitates facile conjugation with other agonists, which not only enhances APC-targeting delivery but also balances cellular and humoral antitumor responses. We also explored the intrinsic properties of nanomaterials that allow them to serve as adjuvants. A black phosphorus nanosheet-based nanovaccine was constructed and found to strongly potentiate antigen-specific T-cell antitumor immune responses through multiple immune-potentiating properties, leading to a highly integrated nanomaterial-based adjuvant design. For B-cell-based vaccines, multicomponent and multivalent strategies were applied to improve the immunogenicity. A multicomponent linear vaccine conjugate coordinates helper T (Th) cells and APCs to proliferate and differentiates B cells for enhanced antitumor immunoglobulin G antibody responses. To further improve antigen recognition, clustered designs on a multivalent epitope were applied by generating various structures, including branched lysine-based peptides, natural multivalent scaffold molecules, and self-assembled nanofibers. We also engineered nano- and microvaccine systems to optimize systemic and localized vaccination. A multilayer-assembled nanovaccine successfully integrated antigens and multiple agonists to modulate APC activation. A DNA hydrogel contributed to the control of APC's immune behaviors, including cell recruitment, activation, and migration, and induced robust antitumor responses as an all-in-one designable platform. In this Account, by summarizing strategies for both T-cell- and B-cell-based vaccine design, we not only compare the differences but also address the intrinsic uniformity between such vaccine designs and further discuss the potential of a combined T-cell- and B-cell-based vaccine, which highlights the applicability and feasibility of chemical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing-Yun Su
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, 10 Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
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63
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Huang D, Wu T, Lan S, Liu C, Guo Z, Zhang W. In situ photothermal nano-vaccine based on tumor cell membrane-coated black phosphorus-Au for photo-immunotherapy of metastatic breast tumors. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121808. [PMID: 36137415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines which can activate antitumor immune response have great potential for metastatic tumors treatment. However, clinical translation of cancer vaccines remained challenging due to weak tumor antigen immunogenicity, inefficient in vivo delivery, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Nanomaterials-based photothermal treatment (PTT) triggers immunogenic cell death while providing in situ tumor-associated antigens for subsequent anti-tumor immunity. Here, an in situ photothermal nano-vaccine (designated as BCNCCM) based on cancer cell membrane (CCM) was explored by co-encapsulating immune adjuvant CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) loaded black phosphorus-Au (BP-Au) nanosheets together with an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor (NLG919) by CCM, for the elimination of primary and metastatic breast tumors. The nano-vaccine could be delivered to tumor site selectively by CCM targeting and exhibit vaccine-like functions through the combined effect of in situ generated tumor-associate agents after PTT and immune adjuvant CpG, resulting in trigger of tumor-specific immunity. Furthermore, tumor inhibition was enhanced owing to the reversed immunosuppressive microenvironment mediated by IDO inhibitors. The nano-vaccine not only had good therapeutic effect on primary and metastatic tumors, but also could prevent tumor recurrence by producing systemic immune memory. Therefore, the photothermal nano-vaccine which coordinate in situ vaccine-like function and immune modulation may be a promising stragegy for photo-immunotherapy of metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiu Huang
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Guangzhou. Guangdong. PR China
| | - Tong Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Guangzhou. Guangdong. PR China
| | - Siyuan Lan
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pathogenesis and Therapy Research), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Guangzhou. Guangdong. PR China
| | - Chengkuan Liu
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pathogenesis and Therapy Research), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Guangzhou. Guangdong. PR China
| | - Zhouyi Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & SATCM Third Grade Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Photonics Technology, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pathogenesis and Therapy Research), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Guangzhou. Guangdong. PR China; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Guangzhou. Guangdong. PR China.
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64
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Meng Z, Fang X, Fu B, Qian C, Yang Z, Bai Y, Tao X, Huang H, Ma C, Miao W, Ren H, Wang A, Li X. Tumor immunotherapy boosted by R837 nanocrystals through combining chemotherapy and mild hyperthermia. J Control Release 2022; 350:841-856. [PMID: 36096366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant skin cancer that is prone to metastasis in the early stage and has a poor prognosis. Immunomodulatory therapy for melanoma has been a hot research topic in recent years. However, low immune cell infiltration and loss of tumor immunogenicity may occur in tumors, resulting in low response rates to immunotherapy. Thus, immunomodulatory therapy is usually used in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Development of combined therapeutic strategies with low systemic toxicity, high immune responsiveness and long-term inhibition of metastasis and recurrence of melanoma is the goal of current research. In this study, the insoluble immune adjuvant imiquimod (R837) was prepared as nanocrystals and coated with polydopamine (PDA) to form R837@PDA, which was then loaded into chitosan hydrogel (CGP) to form the drug-loaded gel system, R837@PDA@CGP (RPC), to combine immunomodulation effects, induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) effects and immune-enhancement effects. After treatment with RPC, ICD in melanoma was induced, and the infiltration rate of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in melanoma was also significantly enhanced, which turned the tumor itself into an in situ vaccine and boosted the cancer-immunity cycle at the tumor site. Therefore, melanoma growth, metastasis and recurrence were notably inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Meng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xue Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bowen Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yunhao Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xinyue Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haixiao Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chenyu Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wenjun Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hao Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xueming Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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Research progress of neoantigens in gynecologic cancers. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109236. [PMID: 36113318 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of gynecological cancers have increased over the past decade. In the absence of effective treatment strategies, many advanced patients develop resistance to conventional therapies and have poor prognosis. Neoantigens have emerged as a novel tumor-specific antigen (TSA) that arises from genomic mutations in tumor cells. With higher immunogenicity than tumor-associated antigens (TAA), they have no risk of developing autoimmune response, leading them an attractive candidate for tumor therapeutic vaccines. With the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, the identification of neoantigens has been gradually improved, and the scope of application of neoantigen vaccines has continued to expand. Combined with other therapies such as immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) or adoptive cell therapy (ACT), the application of neoantigen in gynecological cancers has extended to clinical practice. Here, we reviewed the preclinical and clinical studies of neoantigens in gynecological cancers.
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Jeng LB, Liao LY, Shih FY, Teng CF. Dendritic-Cell-Vaccine-Based Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Clinical Trials and Recent Preclinical Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184380. [PMID: 36139542 PMCID: PMC9497058 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many surgical and nonsurgical therapeutic options have been well-established, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Therefore, the discovery of novel potential therapeutic strategies is still urgently required for improving survival and prognosis of HCC patients. As the most potent antigen-presenting cells in the human immune system, dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in activating not only innate but also adaptive immune responses to specifically destroy tumor cells. As a result, DC-based vaccines, which are prepared by different tumor-antigen-pulsing strategies or maturation-stimulating reagents, either alone or in combination with various anticancer therapies and/or immune effector cells, have been developed as a promising personalized cancer immunotherapy. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the evidence from clinical trials evaluating the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of DC-based vaccines in treating HCC patients and highlights the data from recent preclinical studies regarding the development of promising strategies for optimizing the efficacy of DC-vaccine-based immunotherapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Bin Jeng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Liao
- Development of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ying Shih
- Ph.D. Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Fang Teng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-2121
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Gu Y, Duan J, Yang N, Yang Y, Zhao X. mRNA vaccines in the prevention and treatment of diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e167. [PMID: 36033422 PMCID: PMC9409637 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines made their successful public debut in the effort against the COVID-19 outbreak starting in late 2019, although the history of mRNA vaccines can be traced back decades. This review provides an overview to discuss the historical course and present situation of mRNA vaccine development in addition to some basic concepts that underly mRNA vaccines. We discuss the general preparation and manufacturing of mRNA vaccines and also discuss the scientific advances in the in vivo delivery system and evaluate popular approaches (i.e., lipid nanoparticle and protamine) in detail. Next, we highlight the clinical value of mRNA vaccines as potent candidates for therapeutic treatment and discuss clinical progress in the treatment of cancer and coronavirus disease 2019. Data suggest that mRNA vaccines, with several prominent advantages, have achieved encouraging results and increasing attention due to tremendous potential in disease management. Finally, we suggest some potential directions worthy of further investigation and optimization. In addition to basic research, studies that help to facilitate storage and transportation will be indispensable for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhuo Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University; Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Jiangyao Duan
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Na Yang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center/School of Basic Medical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center/School of Basic Medical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Xing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University; Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center/School of Basic Medical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
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68
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Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA Delivery to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175607. [PMID: 36080373 PMCID: PMC9458026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is being developed by researchers as a novel drug for the treatment or prevention of many diseases. However, to enable mRNA to fully exploit its effects in vivo, researchers need to develop safer and more effective mRNA delivery systems that improve mRNA stability and enhance the ability of cells to take up and release mRNA. To date, lipid nanoparticles are promising nanodrug carriers for tumor therapy, which can significantly improve the immunotherapeutic effects of conventional drugs by modulating mRNA delivery, and have attracted widespread interest in the biomedical field. This review focuses on the delivery of mRNA by lipid nanoparticles for cancer treatment. We summarize some common tumor immunotherapy and mRNA delivery strategies, describe the clinical advantages of lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery, and provide an outlook on the current challenges and future developments of this technology.
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69
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Yi L, Yang L. Stem-like T cells and niches: Implications in human health and disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907172. [PMID: 36059484 PMCID: PMC9428355 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, accumulating evidence has elucidated the important role of T cells with stem-like characteristics in long-term maintenance of T cell responses and better patient outcomes after immunotherapy. The fate of TSL cells has been correlated with many physiological and pathological human processes. In this review, we described present advances demonstrating that stem-like T (TSL) cells are central players in human health and disease. We interpreted the evolutionary characteristics, mechanism and functions of TSL cells. Moreover, we discuss the import role of distinct niches and how they affect the stemness of TSL cells. Furthermore, we also outlined currently available strategies to generate TSL cells and associated affecting factors. Moreover, we summarized implication of TSL cells in therapies in two areas: stemness enhancement for vaccines, ICB, and adoptive T cell therapies, and stemness disruption for autoimmune disorders.
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70
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Zhu R, Zhang F, Peng Y, Xie T, Wang Y, Lan Y. Current Progress in Cancer Treatment Using Nanomaterials. Front Oncol 2022; 12:930125. [PMID: 35912195 PMCID: PMC9330335 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.930125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological processes of cancer are complex. Current methods used for chemotherapy have various limitations, such as cytotoxicity, multi-drug resistance, stem-like cells growth, and lack of specificity. Several types of nanomaterials are used for cancer treatment. Nanomaterials 1–100 nm in size have special optical, magnetic, and electrical characteristics. Nanomaterials have been fabricated for cancer treatments to overcome cytotoxicity and low specificity, and improve drug capacity and bioavailability. Despite the increasing number of related studies, few nanodrugs have been approved for clinical use. To improve translation of these materials, studies of targeted drug delivery using nanocarriers are needed. Cytotoxicity, enhanced permeability and retention effects, and the protective role of the protein corona remain to be addressed. This mini-review summarizes new nanomaterials manufactured in studies and in clinical use, analyses current barriers preventing their translation to clinical use, and describes the effective application of nanomaterials in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yudong Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Tian Xie, ; Yi Wang, ; Yin Lan,
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Zhongnan of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Tian Xie, ; Yi Wang, ; Yin Lan,
| | - Yin Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Tian Xie, ; Yi Wang, ; Yin Lan,
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71
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Tumor-originated pH-responsive nanovaccine mixture to treat heterogeneous tumors. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-022-00585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Baleeiro RB, Dunmall LSC, Liu P, Lu S, Lone Y, Lemoine NR, Wang Y. Optimized Anchor-Modified Peptides Targeting Mutated RAS Are Promising Candidates for Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902709. [PMID: 35720289 PMCID: PMC9204602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS mutations occur in approximately 20% of all cancers and given their clonality, key role as driver mutation, association with poor prognosis and undruggability, they represent attractive targets for immunotherapy. We have identified immunogenic peptides derived from codon 12 mutant RAS (G12A, G12C, G12D, G12R, G12S and G12V), which bind to HLA-A*02:01 and HLA-A*03:01 and elicit strong peptide-specific CD8+ T cell responses, indicating that there is an effective CD8+ T-cell repertoire against these mutant RAS-derived peptides that can be mobilized. Alterations in anchor residues of these peptides enhanced their binding affinity to HLA-A*02:01 molecules and allowed generation of CD8+ T cells that responded to target cells pulsed with the anchor-modified and also with the original peptide. Cytotoxic T cells generated against these peptides specifically lysed tumor cells expressing mutant RAS. Vaccination of transgenic humanized HLA-A2/DR1 mice with a long peptide encompassing an anchor-modified 9-mer G12V epitope generated CD8+ T cells reactive to the original 9-mer and to a HLA-A*02:01-positive human cancer cell line harboring the G12V mutation. Our data provide strong evidence that mutant RAS can be targeted by immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato B Baleeiro
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louisa S Chard Dunmall
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Liu
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shuangshuang Lu
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuchun Lone
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Transgénèse et Archivage d'Animaux Modèles (TAAM), Orleans, France
| | - Nicholas R Lemoine
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaohe Wang
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Haist M, Mailänder V, Bros M. Nanodrugs Targeting T Cells in Tumor Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912594. [PMID: 35693776 PMCID: PMC9174908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to conventional anti-tumor agents, nano-carriers allow co-delivery of distinct drugs in a cell type-specific manner. So far, many nanodrug-based immunotherapeutic approaches aim to target and kill tumor cells directly or to address antigen presenting cells (APC) like dendritic cells (DC) in order to elicit tumor antigen-specific T cell responses. Regulatory T cells (Treg) constitute a major obstacle in tumor therapy by inducing a pro-tolerogenic state in APC and inhibiting T cell activation and T effector cell activity. This review aims to summarize nanodrug-based strategies that aim to address and reprogram Treg to overcome their immunomodulatory activity and to revert the exhaustive state of T effector cells. Further, we will also discuss nano-carrier-based approaches to introduce tumor antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) into T cells for CAR-T cell therapy which constitutes a complementary approach to DC-focused vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Haist
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Mainz, Germany
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Mallet M, Boulos RE, Alcazer V, Bonaventura P, Estornes Y, Chuvin N, Depil S. Tumour burden and antigen-specific T cell magnitude represent major parameters for clinical response to cancer vaccine and TCR-engineered T cell therapy. Eur J Cancer 2022; 171:96-105. [PMID: 35714452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer vaccines and T-cell receptor (TCR) engineered T cells (Tg-T cell) represent two different therapeutic strategies that can target the same tumour epitopes. The first approach requires the induction of a specific immune response in patients, while the second relies on the efficacy of adoptively transferred T cells. Because the ratio of antigen-specific T cells to tumour cells engaged by these strategies may influence the clinical outcome, we evaluated the efficacy of these two therapeutic approaches in solid tumours according to the tumour burden. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis restricted to the therapeutic vaccine and Tg-T cell trials, presenting annotated individual clinical data. We adapted a previously published mathematical model for tumour immune dynamics to estimate the clinical impact of the number of specific T cells in regard to the tumour burden. RESULTS A focused analysis of Tg-T cell studies revealed that clinical responses were mostly observed with the highest doses of infused T cells, suggesting that exceeding a threshold of effector T cells may be required for clinical efficacy. In silico modelling of cancer vaccine and Tg-T cell therapies starting at different tumour burdens showed that therapeutic vaccines control low or moderate tumour burdens, whereas increasing the amount of infused Tg-T cells succeeds in controlling high tumour masses. CONCLUSION We propose that therapeutic vaccines should be considered in the context of low or moderate tumour burden, whereas Tg-T cell strategies may be more adapted for the treatment of advanced metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mallet
- ErVaccine Technologies, Lyon, France; AgroParistTech, Paris, France
| | | | - Vincent Alcazer
- Department of Hematology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Stéphane Depil
- ErVaccine Technologies, Lyon, France; Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1082 CNRS 5286, Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, which is the second after heart diseases. Adenoviruses (Ads) have become the promise of new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. The objective of this review is to discuss current advances in the applications of adenoviral vectors in cancer therapy. Adenoviral vectors can be engineered in different ways so as to change the tumor microenvironment from cold tumor to hot tumor, including; 1. by modifying Ads to deliver transgenes that codes for tumor suppressor gene (p53) and other proteins whose expression result in cell cycle arrest 2. Ads can also be modified to express tumor specific antigens, cytokines, and other immune-modulatory molecules. The other strategy to use Ads in cancer therapy is to use oncolytic adenoviruses, which directly kills tumor cells. Gendicine and Advexin are replication-defective recombinant human p53 adenoviral vectors that have been shown to be effective against several types of cancer. Gendicine was approved for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration (FDA) agency in 2003 as a first-ever gene therapy product. Oncorine and ONYX-015 are oncolytic adenoviral vectors that have been shown to be effective against some types of cancer. The Chiness FDA agency has also approved Oncorin for the treatment of head and neck cancer. Ads that were engineered to express immune-stimulatory cytokines and other immune-modulatory molecules such as TNF-α, IL-2, BiTE, CD40L, 4-1BBL, GM-CSF, and IFN have shown promising outcome in treatment of cancer. Ads can also improve therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapy (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells). In addition, different replication-deficient adenoviral vectors (Ad5-CEA, Ad5-PSA, Ad-E6E7, ChAdOx1-MVA and Ad-transduced Dendritic cells) that were tested as anticancer vaccines have been demonstrated to induce strong antitumor immune response. However, the use of adenoviral vectors in gene therapy is limited by several factors such as pre-existing immunity to adenoviral vectors and high immunogenicity of the viruses. Thus, innovative strategies must be continually developed so as to overcome the obstacles of using adenoviral vectors in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sintayehu Tsegaye Tseha
- Lecturer of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Experimental Study of Potential CD8+ Trivalent Synthetic Peptides for Liver Cancer Vaccine Development Using Sprague Dawley Rat Models. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4792374. [PMID: 35686237 PMCID: PMC9173915 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4792374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Liver cancer (LC) is the most devastating disease affecting a large set of populations in the world. The mortality due to LC is escalating, indicating the lack of effective therapeutic options. Immunotherapeutic agents may play an important role against cancer cells. As immune cells, especially T lymphocytes, which are part of cancer immunology, the design of vaccine candidates for cytotoxic T lymphocytes may be an effective strategy for curing liver cancer. Results. In our study, based on an immunoinformatics approach, we predicted potential T cell epitopes of MHC class I molecules using integrated steps of data retrieval, screening of antigenic proteins, functional analysis, peptide synthesis, and experimental in vivo investigations. We predicted the binding affinity of epitopes LLECADDRADLAKY, VSEHRIQDKDGLFY, and EYILSLEELVNGMY of LC membrane-bounded extracellular proteins including butyrophilin-like protein-2 (BTNL2), glypican-3 (GPC3), and serum albumin (ALB), respectively, with MHC class I molecules (allele: HLA-A
01:01). These T cell epitopes rely on the level of their binding energy and antigenic properties. We designed and constructed a trivalent immunogenic model by conjugating these epitopes with linkers to activate cytotoxic T cells. For validation, the nonspecific hematological assays showed a significant rise in the count of white blood cells (
), lymphocytes (
), and granulocytes (
) compared to the control after administration of trivalent peptides. Specific immunoassays including granzyme B and IgG ELISA exhibited the significant concentration of these effector molecules in blood serum, indicating the activity of cytotoxic T cells. Granzyme concentration increased to 1050 pg/ml at the second booster dose compared to the control (95 pg/ml), while the concentration of IgG raised to 6 g/l compared to the control (2 g/l). Conclusion. We concluded that a potential therapeutic trivalent vaccine can activate and modulate the immune system to cure liver cancer on the basis of significant outcomes of specific and nonspecific assays.
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Lu L, Li Y, Liu Y, Chen Y. Analysis of the Expression and Role of Keratin 17 in Human Tumors. Front Genet 2022; 13:801698. [PMID: 35646078 PMCID: PMC9133940 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.801698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to explore the expression and carcinogenic effect of KRT17 in human tumors and provide useful information for the study of KRT17. Methods: We used databases including the Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus, GTEx, and GEPIA2 to analyze the expression, mutation, and prognosis of KRT17 in human tumors. Through webservers, including UALCAN, TIMER2.0, and STRING, we learned about the genetic variation, immune cell penetration, and enrichment analysis of KRT17-related genes. Results: KRT17 was highly expressed in most tumors (such as esophageal cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, etc.), and the high expression level correlated with tumor stage and prognosis. In addition, amplification was the main type of KRT17 tumor variation, with an amplification rate of about 9%, followed by mutation, with a mutation rate of 4%. Moreover, KRT17 was strongly associated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (such as macrophages, CD8+T, Tregs, and cancer-associated fibroblasts). KEGG analysis suggested that KRT17 may play a role in tumor pathogenesis following human papillomavirus infection, and the gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that the carcinogenicity of KRT17 can be attributed to cadherin binding, intermediate fibrocytoskeleton and epidermal development. Conclusion: KRT17 may play an important role in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of malignant tumors. We provided a relatively comprehensive description of the carcinogenic role of KRT17 in different tumors for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhiyu Feng
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Liang Lu
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuncong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
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Zhang H, Ma Y, Zhang Q, Liu R, Luo H, Wang X. A pancancer analysis of the carcinogenic role of receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase-2 (RIPK2) in human tumours. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:97. [PMID: 35473583 PMCID: PMC9040268 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the expression and carcinogenic mechanism of RIPK2 in human tumours, and to provide the theoretical basis for the further study of RIPK2. Methods We used the TCGA, CPTAC, HPA databases to analyse the expression, mutation, and prognosis of RIPK2 in human tumours. Through the Cbioportal, Ualcan, TIMER2.0, and STRING websites, We understand the genetic variation, immune infiltration and enrichment analysis of RIPK2 related genes. Results RIPK2 was highly expressed in most tumours (such as BRCA, COAD and LUSC, etc.), and the high expression of RIPK2 was correlated with tumour stage and prognosis. In addition, Amplification was the main type of RIPK2 in tumour mutation state, and the amplification rate was about 8.5%. In addition, RIPK2 was positively associated with tumour-infiltrating immune cells (such as CD8+ T, Tregs, and cancer-associated fibroblasts). According to the KEGG analysis, RIPK2 may play a role in tumour mainly through NOD-like signaling pathway and NF-kappaB signaling pathway. GO enrichment analysis showed that the RIPK2 is mainly related to I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling, Ribonucleoprotein granule and Ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding. Conclusion RIPK2 plays an important role in the occurrence, development and prognosis of malignant tumours. Our pancancer study provided a relatively comprehensive description of the carcinogenic effects of RIPK2 in different tumours, and provided useful information for further study of RIPK2. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01239-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqun Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuning Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Luo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China. .,Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Cerqueira OLD, Antunes F, Assis NG, Cardoso EC, Clavijo-Salomón MA, Domingues AC, Tessarollo NG, Strauss BE. Perspectives for Combining Viral Oncolysis With Additional Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Melanoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:777775. [PMID: 35495634 PMCID: PMC9048901 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.777775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer with steadily increasing incidence worldwide during the last few decades. In addition to its tumor associated antigens (TAAs), melanoma has a high mutation rate compared to other tumors, which promotes the appearance of tumor specific antigens (TSAs) as well as increased lymphocytic infiltration, inviting the use of therapeutic tools that evoke new or restore pre-existing immune responses. Innovative therapeutic proposals, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have emerged as effective options for melanoma. However, a significant portion of these patients relapse and become refractory to treatment. Likewise, strategies using viral vectors, replicative or not, have garnered confidence and approval by different regulatory agencies around the world. It is possible that further success of immune therapies against melanoma will come from synergistic combinations of different approaches. In this review we outline molecular features inherent to melanoma and how this supports the use of viral oncolysis and immunotherapies when used as monotherapies or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Luiz Dutra Cerqueira
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Antunes
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadine G Assis
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine C Cardoso
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A Clavijo-Salomón
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Domingues
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nayara G Tessarollo
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Bryan E Strauss,
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Overview of Host Defense Peptides with Promising Anti-Breast Cancer Activity. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2021-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women worldwide. The main limitations of conventional anti-cancer therapy, including breast cancer treatment, are side effects and the development of resistance to chemotherapeutics. Host defense peptides (HDPs) are bioactive compounds of innate immunity isolated from almost all living organisms, which exhibit wide range of biological activities. This review focuses on the anti-cancer effects of HDPs and their therapeutic potential against breast cancer. Numerous HDPs from different sources, including mammalian and amphibian origin, and their chemically modified analogues, exert the spectrum of anti-cancer activities. These effects include direct disruption of cancer cell membrane, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis and cancer cell proliferation, but also the modulation of anti-cancer immune response. Selected examples of HDPs of different origin and their anti-breast cancer capacities have been reviewed. Conclusively, due to their anti-cancer effects accompanied by substantial selectivity for cancer cells and low toxicity for normal cells, HDPs have been widely recognized as possible therapeutic agents.
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Liu J, Fu M, Wang M, Wan D, Wei Y, Wei X. Cancer vaccines as promising immuno-therapeutics: platforms and current progress. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:28. [PMID: 35303904 PMCID: PMC8931585 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on tumor immunotherapy has made tremendous progress in the past decades, with numerous studies entering the clinical evaluation. The cancer vaccine is considered a promising therapeutic strategy in the immunotherapy of solid tumors. Cancer vaccine stimulates anti-tumor immunity with tumor antigens, which could be delivered in the form of whole cells, peptides, nucleic acids, etc. Ideal cancer vaccines could overcome the immune suppression in tumors and induce both humoral immunity and cellular immunity. In this review, we introduced the working mechanism of cancer vaccines and summarized four platforms for cancer vaccine development. We also highlighted the clinical research progress of the cancer vaccines, especially focusing on their clinical application and therapeutic efficacy, which might hopefully facilitate the future design of the cancer vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyang Fu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Wan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Song H, Su Q, Shi W, Huang P, Zhang C, Zhang C, Liu Q, Wang W. Antigen epitope-TLR7/8a conjugate as self-assembled carrier-free nanovaccine for personalized immunotherapy. Acta Biomater 2022; 141:398-407. [PMID: 35007785 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epitope-based vaccine is a promising personalized cancer immunotherapy; however, a simple and effective approach for its bulk manufacturing is challenging. Current vaccination strategies complicate the process by introducing unnecessary components such as additional delivery carriers, and assembly units. Herein, a type of toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist-epitope conjugate (termed as TLR7/8a-epitope) has been developed as a self-assembled and carrier-free nano vaccine platform, which effectively introduces the antigen and adjuvant with maximum precision, resulting in significantly enhanced dendritic cells (DCs) activation through the MyD88-dependent TLR signaling pathway. TLR7/8a-epitope nanovaccine can prolong the local retention and increase drainage efficiency into the lymph node, eliciting a significantly higher level of CD8 T-cell immunity than those of conventional vaccine formulations. The immunization with TLR7/8a-epitope nanovaccine in mice can not only resist the invasion of B16 cancer cells, but also produce significant therapeutic effects against established B16 melanoma tumors. Therefore, the TLR7/8a-epitope nanovaccine, developed by the direct chemical conjugation of antigen peptide with immunoadjuvant, has great advantages of clear and leanest compositions, controllable and definite preparation process, and remarkable therapeutic effects, representing a new appraoch for personalized cancer immunotherapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Herein, a kind of toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist-epitope conjugate was developed and spontaneously self-assemble into nanostructure in aqueous solution without the use of any additional constituents, which can be termed as unique carrier-free nanovaccine platform, providing effectually the leanest vaccine components with maximally and precisely loading of antigen and adjuvant. Significantly, the nanovaccine augmented the immunogenicity of antigenic peptide by increasing DCs activation through MyD88-mediated TLR signaling pathways and promoting T-cell priming. Moreover, nanovaccines could prolong the local retention and further increase the efficiency of drainage into dLNs, which was contributing to efficient initiation of epitope-specific memory and effector T-cell immune responses, leading to effective prophylactic and therapeutic antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Song
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qi Su
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Medical University of Tianjin, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Pingsheng Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China; Key Laboratory of Innovative Cardiovascular Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Chuangnian Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China; Key Laboratory of Innovative Cardiovascular Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China; Key Laboratory of Innovative Cardiovascular Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
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Zou XL, Li XB, Ke H, Zhang GY, Tang Q, Yuan J, Zhou CJ, Zhang JL, Zhang R, Chen WY. Prognostic Value of Neoantigen Load in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 12:689076. [PMID: 34992591 PMCID: PMC8724026 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made great progress in the field of tumors and have become a promising direction of tumor treatment. With advancements in genomics and bioinformatics technology, it is possible to individually analyze the neoantigens produced by somatic mutations of each patient. Neoantigen load (NAL), a promising biomarker for predicting the efficacy of ICIs, has been extensively studied. This article reviews the research progress on NAL as a biomarker for predicting the anti-tumor effects of ICI. First, we provide a definition of NAL, and summarize the detection methods, and their relationship with tumor mutation burden. In addition, we describe the common genomic sources of NAL. Finally, we review the predictive value of NAL as a tumor prediction marker based on various clinical studies. This review focuses on the predictive ability of NAL’s ICI efficacy against tumors. In melanoma, lung cancer, and gynecological tumors, NAL can be considered a predictor of treatment efficacy. In contrast, the use of NAL for urinary system and liver tumors requires further research. When NAL alone is insufficient to predict efficacy, its combination with other indicators can improve prediction efficiency. Evaluating the response of predictive biomarkers before the treatment initiation is essential for guiding the clinical treatment of cancer. The predictive power of NAL has great potential; however, it needs to be based on more accurate sequencing platforms and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lin Zou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Ke
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Guang-Yan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen-Jiao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji-Liang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Yong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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84
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Dong S, Guo X, Han F, He Z, Wang Y. Emerging role of natural products in cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1163-1185. [PMID: 35530162 PMCID: PMC9069318 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has become a new generation of anti-tumor treatment, but its indications still focus on several types of tumors that are sensitive to the immune system. Therefore, effective strategies that can expand its indications and enhance its efficiency become the key element for the further development of cancer immunotherapy. Natural products are reported to have this effect on cancer immunotherapy, including cancer vaccines, immune-check points inhibitors, and adoptive immune-cells therapy. And the mechanism of that is mainly attributed to the remodeling of the tumor-immunosuppressive microenvironment, which is the key factor that assists tumor to avoid the recognition and attack from immune system and cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, this review summarizes and concludes the natural products that reportedly improve cancer immunotherapy and investigates the mechanism. And we found that saponins, polysaccharides, and flavonoids are mainly three categories of natural products, which reflected significant effects combined with cancer immunotherapy through reversing the tumor-immunosuppressive microenvironment. Besides, this review also collected the studies about nano-technology used to improve the disadvantages of natural products. All of these studies showed the great potential of natural products in cancer immunotherapy.
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Key Words
- AKT, alpha-serine/threonine-specific protein kinase
- Adoptive immune-cells transfer immunotherapy
- B2M, beta-2-microglobulin
- BMDCs, bone marrow dendritic cells
- BPS, basil polysaccharide
- BTLA, B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator
- CAFs, cancer-associated fibroblasts
- CCL22, C–C motif chemokine 22
- CIKs, cytokine-induced killer cells
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- CTL, cytotoxic T cell
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4
- Cancer immunotherapy
- Cancer vaccines
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- DCs, dendritic cells
- FDA, US Food and Drug Administration
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HER-2, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
- HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1
- HSPs, heat shock proteins
- ICD, Immunogenic cell death
- ICTs, immunological checkpoints
- IFN-γ, interferon γ
- IL-10, interleukin-10
- Immuno-check points
- Immunosuppressive microenvironment
- LLC, Lewis lung cancer
- MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex class
- MITF, melanogenesis associated transcription factor
- MMP-9, matrix metalloprotein-9
- Mcl-1, myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein 1
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NKTs, natural killer T cells
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- Natural products
- OVA, ovalbumin
- PD-1, programmed death-1
- PD-L1, programmed death receptor ligand 1
- PGE-2, prostaglandin E2
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages
- TAP, transporters related with antigen processing
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- TILs, tumor infiltration lymphocytes
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- TSA, tumor specific antigens
- Teffs, effective T cells
- Th1, T helper type 1
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiangnan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fei Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Meng Z, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Ji J, Liu Z. Nanovaccines with cell-derived components for cancer immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114107. [PMID: 34995678 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer nanovaccines as one of immunotherapeutic approaches are able to attack tumors by stimulating tumor-specific immunological responses. However, there still exist multiple challenges to be tackled for cancer nanovaccines to evoke potent antitumor immunity. Particularly, the administration of exogenous materials may cause the off-target immunotherapy responses. In recent years, biomimetic nanovaccines by using cell lysates, cell-derived nanovesicles, or extracted cell membranes as the functional components have received extensive attention. Such nanovaccines based on cell-derived components would show many unique advantages including inherent biocompatibility and the ability to trigger immune responses against a range of tumor-associated antigens. In this review article, we will introduce the recent research progresses of those cell-derived biomimetic nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy, and discuss the perspectives and challenges associated with the future clinical translation of these emerging vaccine platforms.
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xia T, Lu L, Luo M, Chen Y, Liu Y, Li Y. The Role of Keratin17 in Human Tumours. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:818416. [PMID: 35281081 PMCID: PMC8912659 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.818416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratins are a group of proteins that can constitute intermediate fibers. It is a component of the cytoskeleton and plays an important role in cell protection and structural support. Keratin 17, a Type I keratin, is a multifunctional protein that regulates a variety of biological processes, including cell growth, proliferation, migration, apoptosis and signal transduction. Abnormal expression of KRT17 is associated with a variety of diseases, such as skin diseases. In recent years, studies have shown that KRT17 is abnormally expressed in a variety of malignant tumours, such as lung cancer, cervical cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma and sarcoma. These abnormal expressions are related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of malignant tumors. In this review, we summarized the expression patterns of KRT17 in a variety of malignant tumours, the role of KRT17 in the development and prognosis of different malignant tumors and its molecular mechanisms. We also discuss the potential clinical application of KRT17 as a valuable therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Liang Lu
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuncong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuncong Liu, ; Yong Li,
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuncong Liu, ; Yong Li,
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Bai X, Wong CC, Pan Y, Chen H, Liu W, Zhai J, Kang W, Shi Y, Yamamoto M, Tsukamoto T, Nomura S, Chiu P, Yu J, Kwok-Wai Ng E. Loss of YTHDF1 in gastric tumors restores sensitivity to antitumor immunity by recruiting mature dendritic cells. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003663. [PMID: 35193930 PMCID: PMC9066370 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancer worldwide. We analyzed the expression of m6A regulatory genes in GC cohorts and revealed that YTHDF1 was uniquely upregulated in GC as compared with adjacent normal tissues. In this study, we analyzed the role of YTHDF1 in GC cells and modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment. Methods Three GC cohorts (cohort 1, n=101; cohort 2, n=278, and the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort, n=375) were analyzed for YTHDF1 expression. Function of YTHDF1 in GC was determined in GC cell lines. Role of YTHDF1 in antitumor immunity was investigated in allograft models. Results YTHDF1 is upregulated in GC compared with adjacent normal tissues, and high YTHDF1 expression was correlated with poor survival of patients with GC at mRNA (p=0.016) and protein levels (p=0.039). Loss of YTHDF1 in human (AGS, BGC823, MKN74) or mouse (YTN16) GC cell lines inhibited cell growth and colony formation in vitro. Strikingly, syngeneic YTN16 tumors with loss of YTHDF1 underwent complete remission in immunocompetent mice, while a lesser effect was found in immunodeficient mice. Consistently, YTHDF1 loss in GC tumors led to recruitment of mature dendritic cells (DCs) with increased MHCII expression and interleukin-12 (IL-12) secretion, which in turn, promoted CD4+ and CD8+ T cells infiltration with increased interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion. Loss of YTHDF1 mediated the overexpression of IFN-γ receptor 1 and JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway in tumor cells, which might contribute to restored sensitivity to antitumor immunity. In addition, pre-emptive exposure of YTN16 tumors with YTHDF1 loss triggered a potent antitumor immune response on rechallenge with wild-type YTN16 cells, implying that YTHDF1 loss induced a lasting systemic antitumor immunity. Conclusions YTHDF1 is overexpressed in GC and promotes GC by inducing cell proliferation and repression of DCs-mediated antitumor immune response. YTHDF1 is a promising therapeutic target for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Bai
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yasi Pan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huarong Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weixin Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianning Zhai
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Masami Yamamoto
- Division of Physiological Pathology, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsukamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Nomura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Philip Chiu
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Enders Kwok-Wai Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Rezaei M, Danilova ND, Soltani M, Savvateeva LV, V Tarasov V, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, V Bazhinf A, A Zamyatnin A. Cancer Vaccine in Cold Tumors: Clinical Landscape, Challenges, and Opportunities. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:437-453. [PMID: 35156572 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220214103533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The idea of cancer immunotherapy is to stimulate the immune system to fight tumors without destroying normal cells. One of the anticancer therapy methods, among many, is based on the use of cancer vaccines that contain tumor antigens in order to induce immune responses against tumors. However, clinical trials have shown that the use of such vaccines as a monotherapy is ineffective in many cases, since they do not cause a strong immune response. Particular tumors are resistant to immunotherapy due to the absence or insufficient infiltration of tumors with CD8+ T cells, and hence, they are called cold or non-inflamed tumors. Cold tumors are characterized by a lack of CD8+ T cell infiltration, the presence of anti-inflammatory myeloid cells, tumor-associated M2 macrophages, and regulatory T cells. It is very important to understand which stage of the antitumor response does not work properly in order to use the right strategy for the treatment of patients. Applying other therapeutic methods alongside cancer vaccines can be more rational for cold tumors which do not provoke the immune system strongly. Herein, we indicate some combinational therapies that have been used or are in progress for cold tumor treatment alongside vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mozhdeh Soltani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lyudmila V Savvateeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alexandr V Bazhinf
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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89
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Huang L, Rong Y, Tang X, Yi K, Qi P, Hou J, Liu W, He Y, Gao X, Yuan C, Wang F. Engineered exosomes as an in situ DC-primed vaccine to boost antitumor immunity in breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:45. [PMID: 35148751 PMCID: PMC8831689 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic cells (DCs) are central for the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity in the tumor microenvironment. As such, many kinds of DC-targeted vaccines have been developed to improve cancer immunotherapy in numerous clinical trials. Targeted delivery of antigens and adjuvants to DCs in vivo represents an important approach for the development of DC vaccines. However, nonspecific activation of systemic DCs and the preparation of optimal immunodominant tumor antigens still represent major challenges. Methods We loaded the immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers human neutrophil elastase (ELANE) and Hiltonol (TLR3 agonist) into α-lactalbumin (α-LA)-engineered breast cancer-derived exosomes to form an in situ DC vaccine (HELA-Exos). HELA-Exos were identified by transmission electron microscopy, nanoscale flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis. The targeting, killing, and immune activation effects of HELA-Exos were evaluated in vitro. The tumor suppressor and immune-activating effects of HELA-Exos were explored in immunocompetent mice and patient-derived organoids. Results HELA-Exos possessed a profound ability to specifically induce ICD in breast cancer cells. Adequate exposure to tumor antigens and Hiltonol following HELA-Exo-induced ICD of cancer cells activated type one conventional DCs (cDC1s) in situ and cross-primed tumor-reactive CD8+ T cell responses, leading to potent tumor inhibition in a poorly immunogenic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) mouse xenograft model and patient-derived tumor organoids. Conclusions HELA-Exos exhibit potent antitumor activity in both a mouse model and human breast cancer organoids by promoting the activation of cDC1s in situ and thus improving the subsequent tumor-reactive CD8+ T cell responses. The strategy proposed here is promising for generating an in situ DC-primed vaccine and can be extended to various types of cancers. Graphic Abstract Scheme 1. Schematic illustration of HELA-Exos as an in situ DC-primed vaccine for breast cancer. (A) Allogenic breast cancer-derived exosomes isolated from MDA-MB-231 cells were genetically engineered to overexpress α-LA and simultaneously loaded with the ICD inducers ELANE and Hiltonol (TLR3 agonist) to generate HELA-Exos. (B) Mechanism by which HELA-Exos activate DCs in situ in a mouse xenograft model ofTNBC. HELA-Exos specifically homed to the TME and induced ICD in cancer cells, which resulted in the increased release of tumor antigens, Hiltonol, and DAMPs, as well as the uptake of dying tumor cells by cDC1s. The activated cDC1s then cross-primed tumor-reactive CD8+ T cell responses. (C) HELA-Exos activated DCs in situ in the breast cancer patient PBMC-autologous tumor organoid coculture system. Abbreviations: DCs: dendritic cells; α-LA: α-lactalbumin; HELA-Exos: Hiltonol-ELANE-α-LA-engineered exosomes; ICD: immunogenic cell death; ELANE: human neutrophil elastase; TLR3: Toll-like receptor 3; TNBC: triple-negative breast cancer; TME: tumor microenvironment; DAMPs: damage-associated molecular patterns; cDC1s: type 1 conventional dendritic cells; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-022-01515-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxiang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Wuchang District, China.,Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Rong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Wuchang District, China.,Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Wuchang District, China.,Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kezhen Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Wuchang District, China.,Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Qi
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxuan Hou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihuang Liu
- Medical Research Center for Structural Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan He
- Medical Research Center for Structural Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Animal Experiment Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Fubing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Wuchang District, China. .,Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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90
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Landscape of Immunotherapy Options for Colorectal Cancer: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives beyond Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020229. [PMID: 35207516 PMCID: PMC8878674 DOI: 10.3390/life12020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent malignancy in Western countries and a major cause of death despite recent improvements in screening programs and early detection methods. In the last decade, a growing effort has been put into better understanding how the immune system interacts with cancer cells. Even if treatments with immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD1, anti-PD-L1, anti-CTLA4) were proven effective for several cancer types, the benefit for colorectal cancer patients is still limited. However, a subset of patients with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR)/microsatellite-instability-high (MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer has been observed to have a prolonged benefit to immune checkpoint inhibitors. As a result, pembrolizumab and nivolumab +/− ipilimumab recently obtained the Food and Drug Administration approval. This review aims to highlight the body of knowledge on immunotherapy in the colorectal cancer setting, discussing the potential mechanisms of resistance and future strategies to extend its use.
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91
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Zhou J, Ventura CJ, Fang RH, Zhang L. Nanodelivery of STING agonists against cancer and infectious diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 83:101007. [PMID: 34353637 PMCID: PMC8792206 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is a modality that has been widely explored for the treatment of various diseases. To increase the potency of vaccine formulations, immunostimulatory adjuvants have been regularly exploited, and the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway has recently emerged as a remarkable therapeutic target. STING is an endogenous protein on the endoplasmic reticulum that is a downstream sensor to cytosolic DNA. Upon activation, STING initiates a series of intracellular signaling cascades that ultimately generate potent type I interferon-mediated immune responses. Both natural and synthetic agonists have been used to stimulate the STING pathway, but they are usually administered locally due to low bioavailability, instability, and difficulty in bypassing the plasma membrane. With excellent pharmacokinetic profiles and versatility, nanocarriers can address many of these challenges and broaden the application of STING vaccines. Along these lines, STING-inducing nanovaccines are being developed to address a wide range of diseases. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in STING nanovaccines for anticancer, antiviral, and antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Christian J Ventura
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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92
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Phan NM, Nguyen TL, Kim J. Nanozyme-Based Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:237-252. [PMID: 35099759 PMCID: PMC8971237 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic nanoparticles with natural enzyme-mimicking properties, known as nanozymes, have emerged as excellent candidate materials for cancer immunotherapy. Owing to their enzymatic activities, artificial nanozymes not only serve as responsive carriers to load drugs and therapeutic molecules for cancer treatment, but also act as enzymes for modulating the immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment (TME) via the catalytic activities of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and oxidase. The immunosuppressive pro-tumor TME can be reversed to the immunoactive anti-tumor TME by utilizing both reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating and ROS-scavenging nanozymes, which enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we introduce representative ROS-generating and ROS-scavenging nanozymes and discuss how artificial nanozymes respond to the conditions of the TME. Based on the mutual interaction between nanozymes and TME, recent therapeutic pathways to provoke anti-cancer immune responses using nanozymes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Man Phan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Loc Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Breast cancer has become the most commonly diagnosed cancer globally. The relapse and metastasis of breast cancer remain a great challenge despite advances in chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and HER2 targeted therapy in the past decades. Innovative therapeutic strategies are still critically in need. Cancer vaccine is an attractive option as it aims to induce a durable immunologic response to eradicate tumor cells. Different types of breast cancer vaccines have been evaluated in clinical trials, but none has led to significant benefits. Despite the disappointing results at present, new promise from the latest study indicates the possibility of applying vaccines in combination with anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies or immune checkpoint blockade. This review summarizes the principles and mechanisms underlying breast cancer vaccines, recapitulates the type and administration routes of vaccine, reviews the current results of relevant clinical trials, and addresses the potential reasons for the setbacks and future directions to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Da Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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94
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Emerging strategies for biomaterial-assisted cancer immunotherapy. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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95
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Roesler AS, Anderson KS. Beyond Sequencing: Prioritizing and Delivering Neoantigens for Cancer Vaccines. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2410:649-670. [PMID: 34914074 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1884-4_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neoantigens are tumor-specific proteins and peptides that can be highly immunogenic. Immune-mediated tumor rejection is strongly associated with cytotoxic responses to neoantigen-derived peptides in noncovalent association with self-HLA molecules. Neoantigen-based therapies, such as adoptive T cell transfer, have shown the potential to induce remission of treatment-resistant metastatic disease in select patients. Cancer vaccines are similarly designed to elicit or amplify antigen-specific T cell populations and stimulate directed antitumor immunity, but the selection and prioritization of the neoantigens remains a challenge. Bioinformatic algorithms can predict tumor neoantigens from somatic mutations, insertion-deletions, and other aberrant peptide products, but this often leads to hundreds of potential neoepitopes, all unique for that tumor. Selecting neoantigens for cancer vaccines is complicated by the technical challenges of neoepitope discovery, the diversity of HLA molecules, and intratumoral heterogeneity of passenger mutations leading to immune escape. Despite strong preclinical evidence, few neoantigen cancer vaccines tested in vivo have generated epitope-specific T cell populations, suggesting suboptimal immune system activation. In this chapter, we review factors affecting the prioritization and delivery of candidate neoantigens in the design of therapeutic and preventive cancer vaccines and consider synergism with standard chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Roesler
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Karen S Anderson
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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An efficient and safe MUC1-dendritic cell-derived exosome conjugate vaccine elicits potent cellular and humoral immunity and tumor inhibition in vivo. Acta Biomater 2022; 138:491-504. [PMID: 34757230 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor vaccines are a promising strategy for preventing or treating cancers by eliciting antitumor immune responses and inducing protective immunity against specific antigens expressed on tumor cells. Vaccine formulations that enhance the humoral and cellular immune responses of vaccine candidates would be highly beneficial but are still limited. Here we developed an antitumor vaccine candidate by conjugating a MUC1 glycopeptide antigen to dendritic cell-derived exosomes (Dex). In vivo, the MUC1-Dex construct induced high MUC1-specific IgG antibody titers with strong binding affinities for MUC1-positive tumor cells and promoted cytokine secretion. Moreover, CD8+ T cells from immunized mice exhibited strong cytotoxicity against MUC1-positive tumor cells. Importantly, in both preventative and therapeutic tumor-bearing mouse models, the construct inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Dex is a promising vaccine carrier that can be used as adjuvant to enhance the immunological efficacy of tumor vaccines. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE.
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97
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Roberto Raúl SG, Damaris IA, Ángel de Jesús JC, Leticia MF. Cry1Ac Protoxin Confers Antitumor Adjuvant Effect in a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Mouse Model by Improving Tumor Immunity. BREAST CANCER: BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022; 16:11782234211065154. [PMID: 35002244 PMCID: PMC8738886 DOI: 10.1177/11782234211065154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cry1Ac protoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis is a systemic
and mucosal adjuvant, able to confer protective immunity in different infection
murine models and induce both Th1 and TCD8+ cytotoxic lymphocyte responses,
which are required to induce antitumor immunity. The Cry1Ac toxin, despite
having not being characterized as an adjuvant, has also proved to be immunogenic
and able to activate macrophages. Here, we investigated the potential antitumor
adjuvant effect conferred by the Cry1Ac protoxin and Cry1Ac toxin in a triple
negative breast cancer (TNBC) murine model. First, we evaluated the ability of
Cry1Ac proteins to improve dendritic cell (DC) activation and cellular response
through intraperitoneal (i.p.) coadministration with the 4T1 cellular lysate.
Mice coadministered with the Cry1Ac protoxin showed an increase in the number
and activation of CD11c+MHCII- and CD11c+MHCII+low in the peritoneal
cavity and an increase in DC activation (CD11c+MHCII+) in the spleen. Cry1Ac
protoxin increased the proliferation of TCD4+ and TCD8+ lymphocytes in the
spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), while the Cry1Ac toxin only increased
the proliferation of TCD4+ and TCD8+ in the MLN. Remarkably, when tested in the
in vivo TNBC mouse model, prophylactic immunizations with 4T1 lysates plus the
Cry1Ac protoxin protected mice from developing tumors. The antitumor effect
conferred by the Cry1Ac protoxin also increased specific cytotoxic T cell
responses, and prevented the typical tumor-related decrease of T cells
(TCD3+ and TCD4+) as well the increase of myeloid-derived suppressor cells
(MDSC) in spleen. Also in the tumor microenvironment of mice coadministered
twice with Cry1Ac protoxin immunological improvements were found such as
reductions in immunosupressive populations (T regulatory lymphocytes and MDSC)
along with increases in macrophages upregulating CD86. These results show a
differential antitumor adjuvant capability of Cry1Ac proteins, highlighting the
ability of Cry1Ac protoxin to enhance local and systemic tumor immunity in TNBC.
Finally, using a therapeutic approach, we evaluated the coadministration of
Cry1Ac protoxin with doxorubicin. A significant reduction in tumor volume and
lung metastasis was found, with increased intratumoral levels of tumor necrosis
factor-α and IL-6 with respect to the vehicle group, further supporting its
antitumor applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Servin-Garrido Roberto Raúl
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad en Mucosas, Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1 Los Reyes Iztacala CP 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
| | - Ilhuicatzi-Alvarado Damaris
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad en Mucosas, Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1 Los Reyes Iztacala CP 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
| | - Jiménez-Chávez Ángel de Jesús
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad en Mucosas, Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1 Los Reyes Iztacala CP 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
| | - Moreno-Fierros Leticia
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad en Mucosas, Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1 Los Reyes Iztacala CP 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
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He R, Zang J, Zhao Y, Dong H, Li Y. Nanotechnology-Based Approaches to Promote Lymph Node Targeted Delivery of Cancer Vaccines. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:406-423. [PMID: 35005881 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are a promising immunotherapy that awakens the human immune system to inhibit and eliminate cancer with fewer side effects compared with traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Although cancer vaccines have shown some efficacy, there are still troublesome bottlenecks to expand their benefits in the clinic, including weak immune effects and limited therapeutic outcomes. In the past few years, in addition to neoantigen screening, a main branch of the efforts has been devoted to promoting the lymph nodes (LNs) targeting of cancer vaccines and the cross-presentation of antigens by dendritic cells (DCs), two cardinal stages in effective initiation of the immune response. Especially, nanomaterials have shown hopeful biomedical applications in the improvement of vaccine effectiveness. This Review briefly outlines the possible mechanisms by which nanoparticle properties affect LN targeting and antigen cross-presentation and then gives an overview of state-of-the-art advances in improving these biological outcomes with nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing He
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jie Zang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuge Zhao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haiqing Dong
- Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Yamauchi T, Hoki T, Oba T, Kajihara R, Attwood K, Cao X, Ito F. CD40 and CD80/86 signaling in cDC1s mediate effective neoantigen vaccination and generation of antigen-specific CX3CR1 + CD8 + T cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:137-151. [PMID: 34037810 PMCID: PMC8715856 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02969-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of tumor mutation-derived neoantigen represents a promising approach for cancer vaccines. Preclinical and early phase human clinical studies have shown the successful induction of tumor neoepitope-directed responses; however, overall clinical efficacy of neoantigen vaccines has been limited. One major obstacle of this strategy is the prevailing lack of sufficient understanding of the mechanism underlying the generation of neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Here, we report a correlation between antitumor efficacy of neoantigen/toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)/CD40 agonists vaccination and an increased frequency of circulating antigen-specific CD8+ T cells expressing CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) in a preclinical model. Mechanistic studies using mixed bone marrow chimeras identified that CD40 and CD80/86, but not CD70 signaling in Batf3-dependent conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) is required for the antitumor efficacy of neoantigen vaccine and generation of neoantigen-specific CX3CR1+ CD8+ T cells. Although CX3CR1+ CD8+ T cells exhibited robust in vitro effector function, in vivo depletion of this subset did not alter the antitumor efficacy of neoantigen/TLR3/CD40 agonists vaccination. These findings indicate that the vaccine-primed CX3CR1+ subset is dispensable for antitumor CD8+ T cell responses, but can be used as a blood-based T-cell biomarker for effective priming of CD8+ T cells as post-differentiated T cells. Taken together, our results reveal a critical role of CD40 and CD80/86 signaling in cDC1s in antitumor efficacy of neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines, and implicate the potential utility of CX3CR1 as a circulating predictive T-cell biomarker in vaccine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Yamauchi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Toshifumi Hoki
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Takaaki Oba
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ryutaro Kajihara
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Xuefang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fumito Ito
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York At Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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100
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Jin J, Tu J, Ren J, Cai Y, Chen W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Zhu G. Comprehensive Analysis to Identify MAGEA3 Expression Correlated With Immune Infiltrates and Lymph Node Metastasis in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:784925. [PMID: 34970496 PMCID: PMC8712941 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.784925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is an aggressive malignant tumor and causes a significant number of deaths every year. With the coming of the age of cancer immunotherapy, search for a new target in gastric cancer may benefit more advanced patients. Melanoma-associated antigen-A3 (MAGEA3), one of the members of the cancer-testis antigen (CTA) family, was considered an important part of cancer immunotherapy. We evaluate the potential role of MAGEA3 in GC through the TCGA database. The result revealed that MAGEA3 is upregulated in GC and linked to poor OS and lymph node metastasis. MAGEA3 was also correlated with immune checkpoints, TMB, and affected the tumor immune microenvironment and the prognosis of GC through CIBERSORT, TIMER, and Kaplan-Meier plotter database analysis. In addition, GSEA-identified MAGEA3 is involved in the immune regulation of GC. Moreover, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of MAGEA3 were constructed through STRING database and MAGEA3-correlated miRNAs were screened based on the joint analysis of multiple databases. In terms of experimental verification, we constructed pET21a (+)/MAGEA3 restructuring plasmids and transformed to Escherichia coli Rosetta. MAGEA3 protein was used as an antigen after being expressed and purified and can effectively detect the specific IgG in 93 GC patients' serum specimens with 44.08% sensitivity and 92.54% specificity. Through further analysis, the positive rate of MAGEA3 was related to the stage and transfer number of lymph nodes. These results indicated that MAGEA3 is a novel biomarker and correlated with lymph node metastasis and immune infiltrates in GC, which could be a new target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinji Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Tu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiahuan Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guanbao Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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