51
|
Huff AL, Evgin L, Thompson J, Kottke T, Driscoll CB, Tonne J, Wongthida P, Schuelke M, Shim KG, Mer G, Ramirez-Alvarado M, Vile R. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Encoding a Destabilized Tumor Antigen Improves Activation of Anti-tumor T Cell Responses. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2540-2552. [PMID: 32877695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the immunogenicity of tumor-associated antigens would represent a major advance for anti-tumor vaccination strategies. Here, we investigated structure-directed antigen destabilization as a strategy to improve the degradation, immunogenic epitope presentation, and T cell activation against a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-encoded tumor antigen. We used the crystal structure of the model antigen ovalbumin to identify charge-disrupting amino acid mutations that were predicted to decrease the stability of the protein. One mutation, OVA-C12R, significantly reduced the half-life of the protein and was preferentially degraded in a 26-S proteasomal-dependent manner. The destabilized ovalbumin protein exhibited enhanced presentation of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I immunogenic epitope, SIINFEKL, on the surface of B16F10 cells or murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro. Enhanced presentation correlated with better recognition by cognate CD8 OT-I T cells as measured by activation, proliferation, and effector cytokine production. Finally, VSV encoding the degradation-prone antigen was better able to prime an antigen ovalbumin-specific CD8 T cell response in vivo without altering the anti-viral CD8 T cell response. Our studies highlight that not only is the choice of antigen in cancer vaccines of importance, but that emphasis should be placed on modifying antigen quality to ensure optimal priming of anti-tumor responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tim Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Christopher B Driscoll
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jason Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin G Shim
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Georges Mer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Marina Ramirez-Alvarado
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Richard Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Abstract
Perturbations in metabolic processes are associated with diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, certain infections and some cancers. A resurgence of interest in creatine biology is developing, with new insights into a diverse set of regulatory functions for creatine. This resurgence is primarily driven by technological advances in genetic engineering and metabolism as well as by the realization that this metabolite has key roles in cells beyond the muscle and brain. Herein, we highlight the latest advances in creatine biology in tissues and cell types that have historically received little attention in the field. In adipose tissue, creatine controls thermogenic respiration and loss of this metabolite impairs whole-body energy expenditure, leading to obesity. We also cover the various roles that creatine metabolism has in cancer cell survival and the function of the immune system. Renewed interest in this area has begun to showcase the therapeutic potential that lies in understanding how changes in creatine metabolism lead to metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Kazak
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Tomofuji Y, Takaba H, Suzuki HI, Benlaribi R, Martinez CDP, Abe Y, Morishita Y, Okamura T, Taguchi A, Kodama T, Takayanagi H. Chd4 choreographs self-antigen expression for central immune tolerance. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:892-901. [PMID: 32601470 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autoreactive T cells are eliminated in the thymus to prevent autoimmunity by promiscuous expression of tissue-restricted self-antigens in medullary thymic epithelial cells. This expression is dependent on the transcription factor Fezf2, as well as the transcriptional regulator Aire, but the entire picture of the transcriptional program has been obscure. Here, we found that the chromatin remodeler Chd4, also called Mi-2β, plays a key role in the self-antigen expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells. To maximize the diversity of self-antigen expression, Fezf2 and Aire utilized completely distinct transcriptional mechanisms, both of which were under the control of Chd4. Chd4 organized the promoter regions of Fezf2-dependent genes, while contributing to the Aire-mediated induction of self-antigens via super-enhancers. Mice deficient in Chd4 specifically in thymic epithelial cells exhibited autoimmune phenotypes, including T cell infiltration. Thus, Chd4 plays a critical role in integrating Fezf2- and Aire-mediated gene induction to establish central immune tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Tomofuji
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takaba
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi I Suzuki
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rayene Benlaribi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cristian David Peña Martinez
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Abe
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Morishita
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Section of Animal Models, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akashi Taguchi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Myers DR, Norlin E, Vercoulen Y, Roose JP. Active Tonic mTORC1 Signals Shape Baseline Translation in Naive T Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1858-1874.e6. [PMID: 31067469 PMCID: PMC6593126 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Naive CD4+ T cells are an example of dynamic cell homeostasis: T cells need to avoid autoreactivity while constantly seeing self-peptides, yet they must be primed to react to foreign antigens during infection. The instructive signals that balance this primed yet quiescent state are unknown. Interactions with self-peptides result in membrane-proximal, tonic signals in resting T cells. Here we reveal selective and robust tonic mTORC1 signals in CD4+ T cells that influence T cell fate decisions. We find that the Ras exchange factor Rasgrp1 is necessary to generate tonic mTORC1 signals. Genome-wide ribosome profiling of resting, primary CD4+ T cells uncovers a baseline translational landscape rich in mTOR targets linked to mitochondria, oxidative phosphorylation, and splicing. Aberrantly increased tonic mTORC1 signals from a Rasgrp1Anaef allele result in immunopathology with spontaneous appearance of T peripheral helper cells, follicular helper T cells, and anti-nuclear antibodies that are preceded by subtle alterations in the translational landscape. Myers et al. evaluate a mouse model of autoimmunity, Rasgrp1Anaef. They find that T cells with the Rasgrp1Anaef allele exhibit altered signaling from Rasgrp1 to the mTORC1 pathway in the basal state. They show that increased basal Rasgrp1Anaef-mTORC1 signals lead to an altered translational landscape in T cells and immunopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darienne R Myers
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Emilia Norlin
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yvonne Vercoulen
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeroen P Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Rojas C, Campos-Mora M, Cárcamo I, Villalón N, Elhusseiny A, Contreras-Kallens P, Refisch A, Gálvez-Jirón F, Emparán I, Montoya-Riveros A, Vernal R, Pino-Lagos K. T regulatory cells-derived extracellular vesicles and their contribution to the generation of immune tolerance. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:813-824. [PMID: 32531824 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0420-533rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T regulatory (Treg) cells have a major role in the maintenance of immune tolerance against self and foreign antigens through the control of harmful inflammation. Treg cells exert immunosuppressive function by several mechanisms, which can be distinguished as contact dependent or independent. Recently, the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by Treg cells has been reported as a novel suppressive mechanism capable of modulating immunity in a cell-contact independent and targeted manner, which has been identified in different pathologic scenarios. EVs are cell-derived membranous structures involved in physiologic and pathologic processes through protein, lipid, and genetic material exchange, which allow intercellular communication. In this review, we revise and discuss current knowledge on Treg cells-mediated immune tolerance giving special attention to the production and release of EVs. Multiple studies support that Treg cells-derived EVs represent a refined intercellular exchange device with the capacity of modulating immune responses, thus creating a tolerogenic microenvironment in a cell-free manner. The mechanisms proposed encompass miRNAs-induced gene silencing, the action of surface proteins and the transmission of enzymes. These observations gain relevance by the fact that Treg cells are susceptible to converting into effector T cells after exposition to inflammatory environments. Yet, in contrast to their cells of origin, EVs are unlikely to be modified under inflammatory conditions, highlighting the advantage of their use. Moreover, we speculate in the possibility that Treg cells may contribute to infectious tolerance via vesicle secretion, intervening with CD4+ T cells differentiation and/or stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rojas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.,Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Campos-Mora
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Cárcamo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Villalón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ahmed Elhusseiny
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamina Contreras-Kallens
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aarón Refisch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Gálvez-Jirón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ivana Emparán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andro Montoya-Riveros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karina Pino-Lagos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Wong ASL, Gruber DR, Richards AL, Sheldon K, Qiu A, Hay A, Hudson KE. Tolerization of recent thymic emigrants is required to prevent RBC-specific autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2020; 114:102489. [PMID: 32507505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) leads to accelerated destruction of autologous red blood cells (RBCs) by autoantibodies. AIHA is a severe and sometimes fatal disease. While there are several therapeutic strategies available, there are currently no licensed treatments for AIHA and few therapeutics result in treatment-free durable remission. The etiology of primary AIHA is unknown; however, secondary AIHA occurs concurrently with lymphoproliferative disorders and infections. Additionally, AIHA is the second most common manifestation of primary immunodeficiency disorders and has been described as a side effect of checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Given the severity of AIHA and the lack of treatment options, understanding the initiation of autoimmunity is imperative. Herein, we utilized a well-described model of RBC biology to dissect how RBC-specific autoreactive T cells become educated against RBC autoantigens. We show that, unlike most autoantigens, T cells do not encounter RBC autoantigens in the thymus. Instead, when they leave the thymus as recent thymic emigrants (RTEs), they retain the ability to positively respond to RBC autoantigens; only after several weeks in circulation do RTEs become nonresponsive. Together, these data suggest that any disruption in this process would lead to breakdown of tolerance and initiation of autoimmunity. Thus, RTEs and this developmental process are potential targets to prevent and treat AIHA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Annie Qiu
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ariel Hay
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Krystalyn E Hudson
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Helgeland H, Gabrielsen I, Akselsen H, Sundaram AYM, Flåm ST, Lie BA. Transcriptome profiling of human thymic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared to primary peripheral T cells. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:350. [PMID: 32393182 PMCID: PMC7216358 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The thymus is a highly specialized organ of the immune system where T cell precursors develop and differentiate into self-tolerant CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. No studies to date have investigated how the human transcriptome profiles differ, between T cells still residing in the thymus and T cells in the periphery. Results We have performed high-throughput RNA sequencing to characterize the transcriptomes of primary single positive (SP) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from infant thymic tissue, as well as primary CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from infant and adult peripheral blood, to enable the comparisons across tissues and ages. In addition, we have assessed the expression of candidate genes related to autoimmune diseases in thymic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The thymic T cells showed the largest number of uniquely expressed genes, suggesting a more diverse transcription in thymic T cells. Comparing T cells of thymic and blood origin, revealed more differentially expressed genes, than between infant and adult blood. Functional enrichment analysis revealed an over-representation of genes involved in cell cycle and replication in thymic T cells, whereas infant blood T cells were dominated by immune related terms. Comparing adult and infant blood T cells, the former was enriched for inflammatory response, cytokine production and biological adhesion, while upregulated genes in infant blood T cells were associated with cell cycle, cell death and gene expression. Conclusion This study provides valuable insight into the transcriptomes of the human primary SP T cells still residing within the thymus, and offers a unique comparison to primary blood derived T cells. Interestingly, the majority of autoimmune disease associated genes were expressed in one or more T cell subset, however ~ 11% of these were not expressed in frequently studied adult peripheral blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Helgeland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Radiation Biology, Oslo University Hospital, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ingvild Gabrielsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Akselsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arvind Y M Sundaram
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Tennebø Flåm
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte Alexandra Lie
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Hoffmann MM, Slansky JE. T-cell receptor affinity in the age of cancer immunotherapy. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:862-870. [PMID: 32386086 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The strength of the interaction between T-cell receptors (TCRs) and their ligands, peptide/major histocompatibility complex complexes (pMHCs), is one of the most frequently discussed and investigated features of T cells in immuno-oncology today. Although there are many molecules on the surface of T cells that interact with ligands on other cells, the TCR/pMHC is the only receptor-ligand pair that offers antigen specificity and dictates the functional response of the T cell. The strength of the TCR/pMHC interaction, along with the environment in which this interaction takes place, is key to how the T cell will respond. The TCR repertoire of T cells that interact with tumor-associated antigens is vast, although typically of low affinity. Here, we focus on the low-affinity interactions between TCRs from CD8+ T cells and different models used in immuno-oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Hoffmann
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jill E Slansky
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Neier SC, Ferrer A, Wilton KM, Smith SEP, Kelcher AMH, Pavelko KD, Canfield JM, Davis TR, Stiles RJ, Chen Z, McCluskey J, Burrows SR, Rossjohn J, Hebrink DM, Carmona EM, Limper AH, Kappes DJ, Wettstein PJ, Johnson AJ, Pease LR, Daniels MA, Neuhauser C, Gil D, Schrum AG. The early proximal αβ TCR signalosome specifies thymic selection outcome through a quantitative protein interaction network. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/32/eaal2201. [PMID: 30770409 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aal2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During αβ T cell development, T cell antigen receptor (TCR) engagement transduces biochemical signals through a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network that dictates dichotomous cell fate decisions. It remains unclear how signal specificity is communicated, instructing either positive selection to advance cell differentiation or death by negative selection. Early signal discrimination might occur by PPI signatures differing qualitatively (customized, unique PPI combinations for each signal), quantitatively (graded amounts of a single PPI series), or kinetically (speed of PPI pathway progression). Using a novel PPI network analysis, we found that early TCR-proximal signals distinguishing positive from negative selection appeared to be primarily quantitative in nature. Furthermore, the signal intensity of this PPI network was used to find an antigen dose that caused a classic negative selection ligand to induce positive selection of conventional αβ T cells, suggesting that the quantity of TCR triggering was sufficient to program selection outcome. Because previous work had suggested that positive selection might involve a qualitatively unique signal through CD3δ, we reexamined the block in positive selection observed in CD3δ0 mice. We found that CD3δ0 thymocytes were inhibited but capable of signaling positive selection, generating low numbers of MHC-dependent αβ T cells that expressed diverse TCR repertoires and participated in immune responses against infection. We conclude that the major role for CD3δ in positive selection is to quantitatively boost the signal for maximal generation of αβ T cells. Together, these data indicate that a quantitative network signaling mechanism through the early proximal TCR signalosome determines thymic selection outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Neier
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alejandro Ferrer
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Katelynn M Wilton
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen E P Smith
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - April M H Kelcher
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kevin D Pavelko
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jenna M Canfield
- Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutics PhD Graduate Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Tessa R Davis
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert J Stiles
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zhenjun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Scott R Burrows
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Deanne M Hebrink
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eva M Carmona
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew H Limper
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dietmar J Kappes
- Blood Cell Development and Cancer Keystone, Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter J Wettstein
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aaron J Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Larry R Pease
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark A Daniels
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Diana Gil
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Adam G Schrum
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Ku X, Sun Q, Zhu L, Gu Z, Han Y, Xu N, Meng C, Yang X, Yan W, Fang W. Deciphering tissue-based proteome signatures revealed novel subtyping and prognostic markers for thymic epithelial tumors. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:721-741. [PMID: 31967407 PMCID: PMC7138395 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) belong to a group of tumors that rarely occur, but have unresolved mechanisms and heterogeneous clinical behaviors. Current care of TET patients demands biomarkers of high sensitivity and specificity for accurate histological classification and prognosis management. In this study, 134 fresh‐frozen tissue samples (84 tumor, 40 tumor adjacent, and 10 normal thymus) were recruited to generate a quantitative and systematic view of proteomic landscape of TETs. Among them, 90 samples were analyzed by data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA‐MS) leading to discovery of novel classifying molecules among different TET subtypes. The correlation between clinical outcome and the identified molecules was probed, and the prioritized proteins of interest were further validated on the remaining samples (n = 44) via parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) as well as immunohistochemical and confocal imaging analysis. In particular, two proteins, the cellular mRNA deadenylase CCR4 (carbon catabolite repressor 4)‐NOT (negative on TATA) complex subunit 2/9 (CNOT2/9) and the serine hydroxymethyltransferase that catalyzes the reversible interconversions of serine and glycine (SHMT1), were found at dramatic low levels in the thymic epithelia of more malignant subtype, thymic squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Interestingly, the mRNA levels of these two genes were shown to be closely correlated with prognosis of the TET patients. These results extended the existing human tissue proteome atlas and allowed us to identify several new protein classifiers for TET subtyping. Newly identified subtyping and prognosis markers, CNOT2/9 and SHMT1, will expand current diagnostic arsenal in terms of higher specificity and prognostic insights for TET diagnosis and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ku
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Qiangling Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.,Thoracic Cancer Institute, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Zhitao Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yuchen Han
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Central Lab, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Wentao Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Odagiu L, May J, Boulet S, Baldwin TA, Labrecque N. Role of the Orphan Nuclear Receptor NR4A Family in T-Cell Biology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:624122. [PMID: 33597928 PMCID: PMC7883379 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.624122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear orphan receptors NR4A1, NR4A2, and NR4A3 are immediate early genes that are induced by various signals. They act as transcription factors and their activity is not regulated by ligand binding and are thus regulated via their expression levels. Their expression is transiently induced in T cells by triggering of the T cell receptor following antigen recognition during both thymic differentiation and peripheral T cell responses. In this review, we will discuss how NR4A family members impact different aspects of the life of a T cell from thymic differentiation to peripheral response against infections and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Odagiu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julia May
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Salix Boulet
- Laboratory of Immunology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Troy A. Baldwin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Troy A. Baldwin, ; Nathalie Labrecque,
| | - Nathalie Labrecque
- Laboratory of Immunology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Troy A. Baldwin, ; Nathalie Labrecque,
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Zhang H, Liu L, Zhang J, Chen J, Ye J, Shukla S, Qiao J, Zhan X, Chen H, Wu CJ, Fu YX, Li B. Investigation of Antigen-Specific T-Cell Receptor Clusters in Human Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:1359-1371. [PMID: 31831563 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer antigen-specific T cells are key components in antitumor immune response, yet their identification in the tumor microenvironment remains challenging, as most cancer antigens are unknown. Recent advance in immunology suggests that similar T-cell receptor (TCR) sequences can be clustered to infer shared antigen specificity. This study aims to identify antigen-specific TCRs from the tumor genomics sequencing data. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used the TRUST (Tcr Repertoire Utilities for Solid Tissue) algorithm to assemble the TCR hypervariable CDR3 regions from 9,700 bulk tumor RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) samples, and developed a computational method, iSMART, to group similar TCRs into antigen-specific clusters. Integrative analysis on the TCR clusters with multi-omics datasets was performed to profile cancer-associated T cells and to uncover novel cancer antigens. RESULTS Clustered TCRs are associated with signatures of T-cell activation after antigen encounter. We further elucidated the phenotypes of clustered T cells using single-cell RNA-seq data, which revealed a novel subset of tissue-resident memory T-cell population with elevated metabolic status. An exciting application of the TCR clusters is to identify novel cancer antigens, exemplified by our identification of a candidate cancer/testis gene, HSFX1, through integrated analysis of HLA alleles and genomics data. The target was further validated using vaccination of humanized HLA-A*02:01 mice and ELISpot assay. Finally, we showed that clustered tumor-infiltrating TCRs can differentiate patients with early-stage cancer from healthy donors, using blood TCR repertoire sequencing data, suggesting potential applications in noninvasive cancer detection. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis on the antigen-specific TCR clusters provides a unique resource for alternative antigen discovery and biomarker identification for cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Zhang
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Longchao Liu
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jian Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jianfeng Ye
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sachet Shukla
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jian Qiao
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Clinical Science, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Bo Li
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. .,Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Zhang X, Qi Y, Zhang Q, Liu W. Application of mass spectrometry-based MHC immunopeptidome profiling in neoantigen identification for tumor immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109542. [PMID: 31629254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges for cancer vaccine and adoptive T-cell-based immunotherapy is to identify the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-associated non-self neoantigens recognized by T cells. T cell epitope in silico prediction algorithms have been widely used for neoantigen prediction; nonetheless, this platform lacks the experimental evidence of directly identification of the presented epitopes on cell surface. Currently, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is an advanced analytical technology for large-scale peptide sequencing, which has become a powerful tool for directly profiling the immunopeptidome presented by MHC molecules. Integrating with next-generation sequencing, proteogenomic analysis provides the "gold standard" for neoantigen identification at protein level. This method discovers the tumor-specific neoantigens derived from somatic mutations, proteasome splicing, noncoding RNA, and post-translational modified antigens. Herein, we review basis of antigen processing and presentation, tumor antigen classification, existing approaches for neoantigen discovery, quantitative proteomics, epitope prediction programs, and advantages and drawbacks of proteomics workflow for MHC immunopeptidome profiling. Furthermore, we summarize 40 recently published reports addressing the fundamental theory, breakthrough and most advanced updates for the mass spectrometry-based neoantigen discovery for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Thoracic & GI oncology branch, National Cancer Institute, CCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Thoracic & GI oncology branch, National Cancer Institute, CCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Bassan D, Gozlan YM, Sharbi-Yunger A, Tzehoval E, Eisenbach L. Optimizing T-cell receptor avidity with somatic hypermutation. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2816-2826. [PMID: 31381134 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T cells that have been genetically modified to express an antitumor T-cell receptor (TCR) is a potent immunotherapy, but only if TCR avidity is sufficiently high. Endogenous TCRs specific to shared (self) tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have low affinity due to central tolerance. Therefore, for effective therapy, anti-TAA TCRs with higher and optimal avidity must be generated. Here, we describe a new in vitro system for directed evolution of TCR avidity using somatic hypermutation (SHM), a mechanism used in nature by B cells for antibody optimization. We identified 44 point mutations to the Pmel-1 TCR, specific for the H-2Db -gp10025-33 melanoma antigen. Primary T cells transduced with TCRs containing two or three of these mutations had enhanced activity in vitro. Furthermore, the triple-mutant TCR improved in vivo therapy of tumor-bearing mice, which exhibited improved survival, smaller tumors and delayed or no relapse. TCR avidity maturation by SHM may be an effective strategy to improve cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Bassan
- Department of immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yosi Meir Gozlan
- Department of immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Sharbi-Yunger
- Department of immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Esther Tzehoval
- Department of immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lea Eisenbach
- Department of immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Revu S, Wu J, Henkel M, Rittenhouse N, Menk A, Delgoffe GM, Poholek AC, McGeachy MJ. IL-23 and IL-1β Drive Human Th17 Cell Differentiation and Metabolic Reprogramming in Absence of CD28 Costimulation. Cell Rep 2019. [PMID: 29514093 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells drive autoimmune disease but also control commensal microbes. A common link among antigens from self-proteins or commensal microbiota is relatively low activation of T cell receptor (TCR) and costimulation signaling. Indeed, strong TCR/CD28 stimulation suppressed Th17 cell differentiation from human naive T cells, but not effector/memory cells. CD28 suppressed the classical Th17 transcriptional program, while inducing known Th17 regulators, and acted through an Akt-dependent mechanism. Th17 cells differentiated without CD28 were not anergic: they showed robust proliferation and maintained Th17 cytokine production following restimulation. Interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-1β promoted glucose uptake and increased glycolysis. Although modestly increased compared to CD28 costimulation, glycolysis was necessary to support Th17 differentiation, indicating that cytokine-mediated metabolic shifts were sufficient to obviate the classical requirement for CD28 in Th17 differentiation. Together, these data propose that, in humans, strength of TCR/CD28/Akt activation serves as a rheostat tuning the magnitude of Th17 development driven by IL-23 and IL-1β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Revu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Henkel
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Ashley Menk
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amanda C Poholek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mandy J McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Bretscher PA. The history of the two-signal model of lymphocyte activation: A personal perspective. Scand J Immunol 2019; 89:e12762. [PMID: 30825214 PMCID: PMC6850391 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The first ideas leading to The Two-Signal Model of lymphocyte activation were published 50 years ago, but the model was not realized in one sitting. I describe the three phases that led to its contemporary formulations. A motivation underlying all these models was to generate a minimal description of what is required for antigen to inactivate and activate mature lymphocytes that, at the same time, accounts for how peripheral tolerance is achieved. I suggest the two signal model has not only provided a substantiated framework for understanding how antigen interacts differently with B cells and CD8 T cells, to result in their inactivation and activation, but its postulates are pertinent to contemporary issues concerning the inactivation and activation of CD4 T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Bretscher
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Nacka-Aleksić M, Pilipović I, Kotur-Stevuljević J, Petrović R, Sopta J, Leposavić G. Sexual dimorphism in rat thymic involution: a correlation with thymic oxidative status and inflammation. Biogerontology 2019; 20:545-569. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
68
|
Hanada KI, Yu Z, Chappell GR, Park AS, Restifo NP. An effective mouse model for adoptive cancer immunotherapy targeting neoantigens. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124405. [PMID: 31092734 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of T cells targeting mutated neoantigens can cause objective responses in varieties of metastatic cancers, but the development of new T cell-based treatments relies on accurate animal models. To investigate the therapeutic effect of targeting a neoantigen with ACT, we used T cells from pmel-1 T cell receptor-transgenic mice, known to recognize a WT peptide, gp100, and a mutated version of the peptide that has higher avidity. We gene-engineered B16 cells to express the WT or mutated gp100 epitopes and found that pmel-1-specific T cells targeting a neoantigen tumor target augmented recognition as measured by IFN-γ production. Neoantigen expression by B16 also enhanced the capacity of pmel-1 T cells to trigger the complete and durable regression of large, established, vascularized tumor and required less lymphodepleting conditioning. Targeting neoantigen uncovered the possibility of using enforced expression of the IL-2Rα chain (CD25) in mutation-reactive CD8+ T cells to improve their antitumor functionality. These data reveal that targeting of "mutated-self" neoantigens may lead to improved efficacy and reduced toxicities of T cell-based cellular immunotherapies for patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Hanada
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Center for Cell-Based Therapy, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhiya Yu
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Center for Cell-Based Therapy, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabrielle R Chappell
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Center for Cell-Based Therapy, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Adam S Park
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Center for Cell-Based Therapy, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas P Restifo
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Center for Cell-Based Therapy, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Breed ER, Watanabe M, Hogquist KA. Measuring Thymic Clonal Deletion at the Population Level. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:3226-3233. [PMID: 31010850 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Clonal deletion of T cells specific for self-antigens in the thymus has been widely studied, primarily by approaches that focus on a single receptor (using TCR transgenes) or a single specificity (using peptide-MHC tetramers). However, less is known about clonal deletion at the population level. In this article, we report an assay that measures cleaved caspase 3 to define clonal deletion at the population level. This assay distinguishes clonal deletion from apoptotic events caused by neglect and approximates the anatomic site of deletion using CCR7. This approach showed that 78% of clonal deletion events occur in the cortex in mice. Medullary deletion events were detected at both the semimature and mature stages, although mature events were associated with failed regulatory T cell induction. Using this assay, we showed that bone marrow-derived APC drive approximately half of deletion events at both stages. We also found that both cortical and medullary deletion rely heavily on CD28 costimulation. These findings demonstrate a useful strategy for studying clonal deletion within the polyclonal repertoire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise R Breed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Masashi Watanabe
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kristin A Hogquist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Regulation of autoimmune disease by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch. Cell Immunol 2019; 340:103916. [PMID: 31126634 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Itch is a HECT type E3 ubiquitin ligase that is required to prevent the development of autoimmune disease in both mice and humans. Itch is expressed in most mammalian cell types, and, based on published data, it regulates many cellular pathways ranging from T cell differentiation to liver tumorigenesis. Since 1998, when Itch was first discovered, hundreds of publications have described mechanisms through which Itch controls various biologic activities in both immune and non-immune cells. Other studies have provided insight into how Itch catalytic activity is regulated. However, while autoimmunity is the primary clinical feature that occurs in both mice and humans lacking Itch, and Itch control of immune cell function has been well-studied, it remains unclear how Itch prevents the emergence of autoimmune disease. In this review, we explore recent discoveries that advance our understanding of how Itch regulates immune cell biology, and the extent to which these clarify how Itch prevents autoimmune disease. Additionally, we discuss how molecular regulators of Itch impact its ability to control these processes, as this may provide clues on how to therapeutically target Itch to treat patients with autoimmune disease.
Collapse
|
71
|
Johnson MB, Cerosaletti K, Flanagan SE, Buckner JH. Genetic Mechanisms Highlight Shared Pathways for the Pathogenesis of Polygenic Type 1 Diabetes and Monogenic Autoimmune Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2019; 19:20. [PMID: 30888520 PMCID: PMC6424922 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-019-1141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight pathways important for the development of autoimmune diabetes by investigating shared mechanisms of disease in polygenic and monogenic diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Genome-wide association studies have identified 57 genetic risk loci for type 1 diabetes. Progress has been made in unravelling the mechanistic effects of some of these variants, providing key insights into the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Seven monogenic disorders have also been described where diabetes features as part of an autoimmune syndrome. Studying these genes in relation to polygenic risk loci provides a unique opportunity to dissect pathways important for the development of immune-mediated diabetes. Monogenic autoimmune diabetes can result from the dysregulation of multiple pathways suggesting that small effects on many immune processes are required to drive the autoimmune attack on pancreatic beta cells in polygenic type 1 diabetes. A breakdown in central and peripheral immune tolerance is a common theme in the genetic mechanisms of both monogenic and polygenic disease which highlights the importance of these checkpoints in the development and treatment of islet autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. Johnson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Karen Cerosaletti
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Sarah E. Flanagan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jane H. Buckner
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA USA
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
T lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa: defense and tolerance. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:216-224. [PMID: 30787416 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although lymphocytes are known to circulate throughout lymphoid tissues and blood, they also establish residency in nonlymphoid organs, most prominently in barrier tissues, such as the intestines. The adaptation of T lymphocytes to intestinal environments requires constant discrimination between natural stimulation from commensal flora and food and pathogens that need to be cleared. Genetic variations that cause a defective defense or a break in tolerance along with environmental cues, such as infection or imbalances in the gut microbiota known as dysbiosis, can trigger several immune disorders via the activation of T lymphocytes in the intestines. Elucidation of the immune mechanisms that distinguish between commensal flora and pathogenic organisms may reveal therapeutic targets for the prevention or modulation of inflammatory diseases and boost the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the development and adaptation of T lymphocytes in the intestine, how these cells protect the host against pathogenic infections while tolerating food antigens and commensal microbiota, and the potential implications of targeting these cells for disease management and therapeutics.
Collapse
|
73
|
Cammarata I, Martire C, Citro A, Raimondo D, Fruci D, Melaiu O, D'Oria V, Carone C, Peruzzi G, Cerboni C, Santoni A, Sidney J, Sette A, Paroli M, Caccavale R, Milanetti E, Riminucci M, Timperi E, Piconese S, Manzo A, Montecucco C, Scrivo R, Valesini G, Cariani E, Barnaba V. Counter-regulation of regulatory T cells by autoreactive CD8 + T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. J Autoimmun 2019; 99:81-97. [PMID: 30777378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms whereby autoreactive T cells escape peripheral tolerance establishing thus autoimmune diseases in humans remain an unresolved question. Here, we demonstrate that autoreactive polyfunctional CD8+ T cells recognizing self-antigens (i.e., vimentin, actin cytoplasmic 1, or non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 epitopes) with high avidity, counter-regulate Tregs by killing them, in a consistent percentage of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Indeed, these CD8+ T cells express a phenotype and gene profile of effector (eff) cells and, upon antigen-specific activation, kill Tregs indirectly in an NKG2D-dependent bystander fashion in vitro. This data provides a mechanistic basis for the finding showing that AE-specific (CD107a+) CD8+ T killer cells correlate, directly with the disease activity score, and inversely with the percentage of activated Tregs, in both steady state and follow-up studies in vivo. In addition, multiplex immunofluorescence imaging analyses of inflamed synovial tissues in vivo show that a remarkable number of CD8+ T cells express granzyme-B and selectively contact FOXP3+ Tregs, some of which are in an apoptotic state, validating hence the possibility that CD8+ Teff cells can counteract neighboring Tregs within inflamed tissues, by killing them. Alternatively, the disease activity score of a different subset of patients is correlated with the expansion of a peculiar subpopulation of autoreactive low avidity, partially-activated (pa)CD8+ T cells that, despite they conserve the conventional naïve (N) phenotype, produce high levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and exhibit a gene expression signature of a progressive activation state. Tregs directly correlate with the expansion of this autoreactive (low avidity) paCD8+ TN cell subset in vivo, and efficiently control their differentiation rather their proliferation in vitro. Interestingly, autoreactive high avidity CD8+ Teff cells or low avidity paCD8+ TN cells are significantly expanded in RA patients who would become non-responders or patients who would become responders to TNF-α inhibitor therapy, respectively. These data provide evidence of a previously undescribed role of such mechanisms in the progression and therapy of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Cammarata
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Martire
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Citro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Raimondo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Fruci
- Dipartimento di Ematologia/Oncologia, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Ombretta Melaiu
- Dipartimento di Ematologia/Oncologia, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina D'Oria
- Core Facility Research Laboratories, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Carone
- Ospedale Civile S. Agostino-Estense, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Cerboni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161, Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161, Rome, Italy; Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - John Sidney
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Marino Paroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico-Chirurgiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Polo Pontino, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Caccavale
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico-Chirurgiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Polo Pontino, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Edoardo Milanetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Timperi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161, Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Manzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Terapia Medica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico "San Matteo", Università di Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlomaurizio Montecucco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Terapia Medica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico "San Matteo", Università di Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rossana Scrivo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Valesini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161, Rome, Italy; Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Philips RL, McCue SA, Rajcula MJ, Shapiro VS. Cutting Edge: HDAC3 Protects Double-Positive Thymocytes from P2X7 Receptor-Induced Cell Death. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1033-1038. [PMID: 30626694 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intricate life-versus-death decisions are programmed during T cell development, and the regulatory mechanisms that coordinate their activation and repression are still under investigation. In this study, HDAC3-deficient double-positive (DP) thymocytes exhibit a severe decrease in numbers. The thymic cortex is rich in ATP, which is released by macrophages that clear apoptotic DP thymocytes that fail to undergo positive selection. We demonstrate that HDAC3 is required to repress expression of the purinergic receptor P2X7 to prevent DP cell death. HDAC3-deficient DP thymocytes upregulate the P2X7 receptor, increasing sensitivity to ATP-induced cell death. P2rx7/HDAC3-double knockout mice show a partial rescue in DP cell number. HDAC3 directly binds to the P2rx7 enhancer, which is hyperacetylated in the absence of HDAC3. In addition, RORγt binds to the P2rx7 enhancer and promotes P2X7 receptor expression in the absence of HDAC3. Therefore, HDAC3 is a critical regulator of DP thymocyte survival and is required to suppress P2X7 receptor expression.
Collapse
|
75
|
Abraham TS, Flickinger JC, Waldman SA, Snook AE. TCR Retrogenic Mice as a Model To Map Self-Tolerance Mechanisms to the Cancer Mucosa Antigen GUCY2C. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:1301-1310. [PMID: 30642983 PMCID: PMC6363846 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing self-tolerance mechanisms and their failure is critical to understand immune homeostasis, cancer immunity, and autoimmunity. However, examination of self-tolerance mechanisms has relied primarily on transgenic mice expressing TCRs targeting well-characterized, but nonphysiologic, model Ags, such as OVA and hemagglutinin. Identifying TCRs directed against bona fide self-antigens is made difficult by the extraordinary diversity of TCRs and the low prevalence of Ag-specific clones (<10-100 naive cells per organism), limiting dissection of tolerance mechanisms restricting immunity to self-proteins. In this study, we isolated and characterized TCRs recognizing the intestinal epithelial cell receptor and colorectal cancer Ag GUCY2C to establish a model to study self-antigen-specific tolerance mechanisms. GUCY2C-specific CD4+ effector T cells were isolated from immunized, nontolerant Gucy2c -/- mice. Next-generation sequencing identified GUCY2C-specific TCRs, which were engineered into CD4+ T cells in vitro to confirm TCR recognition of GUCY2C. Further, the generation of "retrogenic" mice by reconstitution with TCR-transduced hematopoietic stem cells resulted in normal CD4+ T cell development, responsiveness to immunization, and GUCY2C-induced tolerance in recipient mice, recapitulating observations in conventional models. This retrogenic model can be employed to define self-tolerance mechanisms restricting T and B cell responses to GUCY2C to optimize colorectal cancer immunotherapy without autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara S Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - John C Flickinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Abstract
After selection in the thymus, the post-thymic T cell compartments comprise heterogenous subsets of naive and memory T cells that make continuous T cell receptor (TCR) contact with self-ligands bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. T cell recognition of self-MHC ligands elicits covert TCR signaling and is particularly important for controlling survival of naive T cells. Such tonic TCR signaling is tightly controlled and maintains the cells in a quiescent state to avoid autoimmunity. Here, we review how naive and memory T cells are differentially tuned and wired for TCR sensitivity to self and foreign ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Cho
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Jonathan Sprent
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.,Immunology Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Ludgate M. Cambridge Ophthalmological Symposium 2018: introduction and reflections on the day. Eye (Lond) 2019; 33:169-173. [PMID: 30568255 PMCID: PMC6367334 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
I was privileged to be one of the co-chairs, along with Professor Tim Sullivan (Brisbane, Australia), for the Cambridge Ophthalmological Society (COS) annual international symposium, which, this year, was dedicated to thyroid eye disease (TED). Together with the organisers, Miss Rachna Murthy and Professor Keith Martin from COS, we compiled an impressive programme covering all aspects of the condition from events happening in a single orbital cell to improved surgical approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Ludgate
- Professor Emerita, Institute of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Kim MS, Lee S, Jung SJ, Park S, Kim KE, Kim TS, Park HJ, Cho D. Erythroid differentiation regulator 1 strengthens TCR signaling in thymocytes by modulating calcium flux. Cell Immunol 2018; 336:28-33. [PMID: 30551791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Erythroid differentiation regulator 1 (Erdr1) has been identified as a stromal survival factor released under stressful conditions. Previously, Erdr1 was reported to be expressed highly in thymus, but roles of Erdr1 in thymus were not known. Here, the effects of Erdr1 on T cell development were investigated. The expression of Erdr1 was higher in thymus than bone marrow and Erdr1 was detected in both the cortex and medulla of thymus. Erdr1 treatment significantly induced the expression of activation marker, CD69, from thymocytes in the presence of TCR stimuli in vitro and the induction was dependent on increased Ca2+ influx. In addition, in vivo administration of Erdr1 resulted in significant increase of total and positive selected thymocyte numbers, particularly in the number of CD3TCRhiCD69+ DP thymocytes. Taken together, our results show that Erdr1 enhances the strength of TCR signaling and cellularity of thymocytes by amplifying Ca2+ influx in thymocytes receiving TCR signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myun Soo Kim
- Institute of Convergence Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Lee
- Institute of Convergence Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Institute of Convergence Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- Institute of Convergence Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Kim
- Department of Cosmetic Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100 (Cheongpa-dong 2ga), Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Park
- Department of Dermatology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daeho Cho
- Institute of Convergence Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Bekeschus S, Clemen R, Metelmann HR. Potentiating anti-tumor immunity with physical plasma. CLINICAL PLASMA MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpme.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
80
|
Mair I, Besusso D, Saul L, Patel SD, Ravindran R, McPherson RC, Leech MD, O'Connor RA, Anderton SM, Mellanby RJ. PD-1 expression is upregulated on adapted T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis but is not required to maintain a hyporesponsive state. Eur J Immunol 2018; 49:112-120. [PMID: 30485411 PMCID: PMC6492152 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
T cell adaptation is an important peripheral tolerogenic process which ensures that the T cell population can respond effectively to pathogens but remains tolerant to self‐antigens. We probed the mechanisms of T cell adaptation using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in which the fate of autopathogenic T cells could be followed. We demonstrated that immunisation with a high dose of myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide and complete Freund's adjuvant failed to effectively initiate EAE, in contrast to low dose MBP peptide immunisation which readily induced disease. The proportion of autopathogenic CD4+ T cells in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice immunised with a high dose of MBP peptide was not significantly different to mice immunised with a low dose. However, autopathogenic T cells in mice immunised with high dose MBP peptide had an unresponsive phenotype in ex vivo recall assays. Importantly, whilst expression of PD‐1 was increased on adapted CD4+ T cells within the CNS, loss of PD‐1 function did not prevent the development of the unresponsive state. The lack of a role for PD‐1 in the acquisition of the adapted state stands in striking contrast to the reported functional importance of PD‐1 in T cell unresponsiveness in other disease models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Mair
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dario Besusso
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Louise Saul
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarju D Patel
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rahul Ravindran
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rhoanne C McPherson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Melanie D Leech
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard A O'Connor
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen M Anderton
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard J Mellanby
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Al-Yassin GA, Bretscher PA. Does T Cell Activation Require a Quorum of Lymphocytes? THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2855-2861. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
82
|
Lybaert L, Vermaelen K, De Geest BG, Nuhn L. Immunoengineering through cancer vaccines – A personalized and multi-step vaccine approach towards precise cancer immunity. J Control Release 2018; 289:125-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
83
|
Viral hepatitis, inflammation, and cancer: A lesson for autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2018; 95:58-68. [PMID: 30509387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present review, we analyzed the various overlapping and non-mutually exclusive mechanisms that intersect and form complex and highly flexible immunological networks allowing the defense against liver infections and tumors. Liver immunity results from the combination of the skills of systemic and local immune system(s) to sense and recognize pathogen or tumor antigens, to sensitize a wide range of innate and adaptive immune cells, and to clear the "invaders", through the establishment of a transient liver immunopathology state undergoing resolution/control of infections or tumors, and memory development. Then, a special emphasis is placed on discussing about the capacity of the immune system(s) to develop a state of chronic low-level immunopathology adapting through the intervention of simultaneous immunoregulatory mechanisms, when the liver is infected by highly mutable viruses (e.g., hepatitis B or C viruses [HBV or HCV]) capable to escape from the immune recognition. The establishment of chronic inflammation represents an advantage for the species survival, because it guarantees the long-term survival of human hosts despite the virus persistence. However, chronic inflammation, in the long run, can evolve towards severe consequences (decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) in some individuals, finding requiring the impelling need of discovering new therapeutic anti-viral and immunostimulatory agents addressed, in combination, to fight especially HBV that, in contrast to HCV, lacks antivirals capable to eradicate the virus. Finally, we discussed the concept proposing that the divergent immunoregulatory mechanisms that develop in persisting infections or tumors, on the one hand, and autoimmunity, on the other hand, are the mirror image of each other, whose understanding is also relevant for preparing novel immunotherapeutic approaches in autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
|
84
|
Raut S, Mooberry L, Sabnis N, Garud A, Dossou AS, Lacko A. Reconstituted HDL: Drug Delivery Platform for Overcoming Biological Barriers to Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1154. [PMID: 30374303 PMCID: PMC6196266 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to malignant tumors is limited by several factors, including off-target toxicities and suboptimal benefits to cancer patient. Major research efforts have been directed toward developing novel technologies involving nanoparticles (NPs) to overcome these challenges. Major obstacles, however, including, opsonization, transport across cancer cell membranes, multidrug-resistant proteins, and endosomal sequestration of the therapeutic agent continue to limit the efficiency of cancer chemotherapy. Lipoprotein-based drug delivery technology, "nature's drug delivery system," while exhibits highly desirable characteristics, it still needs substantial investment from private/government stakeholders to promote its eventual advance to the bedside. Consequently, this review focuses specifically on the synthetic (reconstituted) high-density lipoprotein rHDL NPs, evaluating their potential to overcome specific biological barriers and the challenges of translation toward clinical utilization and commercialization. This highly robust drug transport system provides site-specific, tumor-selective delivery of anti-cancer agents while reducing harmful off-target effects. Utilizing rHDL NPs for anti-cancer therapeutics and tumor imaging revolutionizes the future strategy for the management of a broad range of cancers and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangram Raut
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Linda Mooberry
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Nirupama Sabnis
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Ashwini Garud
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Akpedje Serena Dossou
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Andras Lacko
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Lau CI, Yánez DC, Solanki A, Papaioannou E, Saldaña JI, Crompton T. Foxa1 and Foxa2 in thymic epithelial cells (TEC) regulate medullary TEC and regulatory T-cell maturation. J Autoimmun 2018; 93:131-138. [PMID: 30061015 PMCID: PMC6119767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Foxa1 and Foxa2 transcription factors are essential for mouse development. Here we show that they are expressed in thymic epithelial cells (TEC) where they regulate TEC development and function, with important consequences for T-cell development. TEC are essential for T-cell differentiation, lineage decisions and repertoire selection. Conditional deletion of Foxa1 and Foxa2 from murine TEC led to a smaller thymus with a greater proportion of TEC and a greater ratio of medullary to cortical TEC. Cell-surface MHCI expression was increased on cortical TEC in the conditional Foxa1Foxa2 knockout thymus, and MHCII expression was reduced on both cortical and medullary TEC populations. These changes in TEC differentiation and MHC expression led to a significant reduction in thymocyte numbers, reduced positive selection of CD4+CD8+ cells to the CD4 lineage, and increased CD8 cell differentiation. Conditional deletion of Foxa1 and Foxa2 from TEC also caused an increase in the medullary TEC population, and increased expression of Aire, but lower cell surface MHCII expression on Aire-expressing mTEC, and increased production of regulatory T-cells. Thus, Foxa1 and Foxa2 in TEC promote positive selection of CD4SP T-cells and modulate regulatory T-cell production and activity, of importance to autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-In Lau
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Diana C Yánez
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Anisha Solanki
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Eleftheria Papaioannou
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - José Ignacio Saldaña
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, UK
| | - Tessa Crompton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Ewanchuk BW, Yates RM. The phagosome and redox control of antigen processing. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 125:53-61. [PMID: 29578071 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In addition to debris clearance and antimicrobial function, versatile organelles known as phagosomes play an essential role in the processing of exogenous antigen in antigen presenting cells. While there has been much attention on human leukocyte antigen haplotypes in the determination of antigenic peptide repertoires, the lumenal biochemistries within phagosomes and endosomes are emerging as equally-important determinants of peptide epitope composition and immunodominance. Recently, the lumenal redox microenvironment within these degradative compartments has been shown to impact two key antigenic processing chemistries: proteolysis by lysosomal cysteine proteases and disulfide reduction of protein antigens. Through manipulation of the balance between oxidative and reductive capacities in the phagosome-principally by modulating NADPH oxidase (NOX2) and γ-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) activities-studies have demonstrated changes to antigen processing patterns leading to modified repertoires of antigenic peptides available for presentation, and subsequently, altered disease progression in T cell-driven autoimmunity. This review focuses on the mechanisms and consequences of redox-mediated phagosomal antigen processing, and the potential downstream implications to tolerance and autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Ewanchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Robin M Yates
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Barik S, Miller M, Cattin-Roy A, Ukah T, Zaghouani H. A distinct dendritic cell population arises in the thymus of IL-13Rα1-sufficient but not IL-13Rα1-deficient mice. Cell Immunol 2018; 331:130-136. [PMID: 29929727 PMCID: PMC6092245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IL-13 receptor alpha 1 (IL-13Rα1) associates with IL-4Rα to form a functional IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1 heteroreceptor (HR) through which both IL-4 and IL-13 signal. Recently, HR expression was associated with the development of M2 type macrophages which function as antigen presenting cells (APCs). Herein, we show that a subset of thymic resident dendritic cells (DCs) expressing high CD11b (CD11bhi) and intermediate CD11c (CD11cint) arise in HR-sufficient but not HR-deficient mice. These DCs, which originate from the bone marrow are able to take up Ag from the peritoneum, traffic through the spleen and the lymph nodes and carry it to the thymus. In addition, since the DCs are able to present Ag to T cells, express high levels of the costimulatory molecule CD24, and comprise a CD8α+ subset, it is likely that the cells contribute to T cell development and perhaps negative selection of self-reactive lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhasis Barik
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, MO, USA
| | - Mindy Miller
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, MO, USA
| | - Alexis Cattin-Roy
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, MO, USA
| | - Tobechukwu Ukah
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, MO, USA
| | - Habib Zaghouani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, MO, USA; Department of Child Heath, University of Missouri, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Spetz J, Presser AG, Sarosiek KA. T Cells and Regulated Cell Death: Kill or Be Killed. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 342:27-71. [PMID: 30635093 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell death plays two major complementary roles in T cell biology: mediating the removal of cells that are targeted by T cells and the removal of T cells themselves. T cells serve as major actors in the adaptive immune response and function by selectively killing cells which are infected or dysfunctional. This feature is highly involved during homeostatic maintenance, and is relied upon and modulated in the context of cancer immunotherapy. The vital recognition and elimination of both autoreactive T cells and cells which are unable to recognize threats is a highly selective and regulated process. Moreover, detection of potential threats will result in the activation and expansion of T cells, which on resolution of the immune response will need to be eliminated. The culling of these T cells can be executed via a multitude of cell death pathways which are used in context-specific manners. Failure of these processes may result in an accumulation of misdirected or dysfunctional T cells, leading to complications such as autoimmunity or cancer. This review will focus on the role of cell death regulation in the maintenance of T cell homeostasis, as well as T cell-mediated elimination of infected or dysfunctional cells, and will summarize and discuss the current knowledge of the cellular mechanisms which are implicated in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Spetz
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adam G Presser
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kristopher A Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Fang P, Li X, Dai J, Cole L, Camacho JA, Zhang Y, Ji Y, Wang J, Yang XF, Wang H. Immune cell subset differentiation and tissue inflammation. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:97. [PMID: 30064449 PMCID: PMC6069866 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells were traditionally considered as major pro-inflammatory contributors. Recent advances in molecular immunology prove that immune cell lineages are composed of different subsets capable of a vast array of specialized functions. These immune cell subsets share distinct duties in regulating innate and adaptive immune functions and contribute to both immune activation and immune suppression responses in peripheral tissue. Here, we summarized current understanding of the different subsets of major immune cells, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages. We highlighted molecular characterization, frequency, and tissue distribution of these immune cell subsets in human and mice. In addition, we described specific cytokine production, molecular signaling, biological functions, and tissue population changes of these immune cell subsets in both cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Finally, we presented a working model of the differentiation of inflammatory mononuclear cells, their interaction with endothelial cells, and their contribution to tissue inflammation. In summary, this review offers an updated and comprehensive guideline for immune cell development and subset differentiation, including subset characterization, signaling, modulation, and disease associations. We propose that immune cell subset differentiation and its complex interaction within the internal biological milieu compose a “pathophysiological network,” an interactive cross-talking complex, which plays a critical role in the development of inflammatory diseases and cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Fang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Medical Education and Research Building, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Medical Education and Research Building, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Lauren Cole
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Medical Education and Research Building, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Javier Andres Camacho
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Medical Education and Research Building, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Medical Education and Research Building, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Medical Education and Research Building, Room 1060, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Kats School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Liu L, He C, Liu J, Lv Z, Wang G, Gao H, Dai Y, Cooper DKC, Cai Z, Mou L. Transplant Tolerance: Current Insights and Strategies for Long-Term Survival of Xenografts. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2018; 66:355-364. [PMID: 29992337 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-018-0517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation is an attractive solution to the problem of allograft shortage. However, transplants across discordant species barriers are subject to vigorous immunologic and pathobiologic hurdles, some of which might be overcome with the induction of immunologic tolerance. Several strategies have been designed to induce tolerance to a xenograft at both the central (including induction of mixed chimerism and thymic transplantation) and peripheral (including adoptive transfer of regulatory cells and blocking T cell costimulation) levels. Currently, xenograft tolerance has been well-established in rodent models, but these protocols have not yet achieved similar success in nonhuman primates. This review will discuss the major barriers that impede the establishment of immunological tolerance across xenogeneic barriers and the potential solution to these challenges, and provide a perspective on the future of the development of novel tolerance-inducing strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center' Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology' Center For Digestive Diseases, People's Hospital of Baoan District, The 8th people's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Jintao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology' Center For Digestive Diseases, People's Hospital of Baoan District, The 8th people's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwu Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology' Center For Digestive Diseases, People's Hospital of Baoan District, The 8th people's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Ganlu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology' Center For Digestive Diseases, People's Hospital of Baoan District, The 8th people's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanchao Gao
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center' Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - David K C Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program/Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center' Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Lisha Mou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center' Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Tuttle KD, Krovi SH, Zhang J, Bedel R, Harmacek L, Peterson LK, Dragone LL, Lefferts A, Halluszczak C, Riemondy K, Hesselberth JR, Rao A, O'Connor BP, Marrack P, Scott-Browne J, Gapin L. TCR signal strength controls thymic differentiation of iNKT cell subsets. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2650. [PMID: 29985393 PMCID: PMC6037704 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During development in the thymus, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells commit to one of three major functionally different subsets, iNKT1, iNKT2, and iNKT17. Here, we show that T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signal strength governs the development of iNKT cell subsets, with strong signaling promoting iNKT2 and iNKT17 development. Altering TCR diversity or signaling diminishes iNKT2 and iNKT17 cell subset development in a cell-intrinsic manner. Decreased TCR signaling affects the persistence of Egr2 expression and the upregulation of PLZF. By genome-wide comparison of chromatin accessibility, we identify a subset of iNKT2-specific regulatory elements containing NFAT and Egr binding motifs that is less accessible in iNKT2 cells that develop from reduced TCR signaling. These data suggest that variable TCR signaling modulates regulatory element activity at NFAT and Egr binding sites exerting a determinative influence on the dynamics of gene enhancer accessibility and the developmental fate of iNKT cells. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells can be subsetted by their cytokine profiles, but how they develop in the thymus is unclear. Here the authors show, by analysing mice carrying mutant Zap70 genes, that T cell receptor signaling strength induces epigenetic changes of genes to modulate iNKT lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn D Tuttle
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - S Harsha Krovi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Romain Bedel
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.,Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland
| | - Laura Harmacek
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, 80206, CO, USA
| | - Lisa K Peterson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, 80206, CO, USA.,ARUP Laboratories, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, 84108, UT, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah, 30N 1900E, Salt Lake City, 84132, UT, USA
| | - Leonard L Dragone
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, 80206, CO, USA.,Merck Research Laboratories, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam Lefferts
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Catherine Halluszczak
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Kent Riemondy
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Jay R Hesselberth
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Anjana Rao
- La Jolla Institute, 9420 Athena Cir, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Brian P O'Connor
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, 80206, CO, USA
| | - Philippa Marrack
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - James Scott-Browne
- La Jolla Institute, 9420 Athena Cir, La Jolla, 92037, CA, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Laurent Gapin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Wang S, Breskovska I, Gandhy S, Punga AR, Guptill JT, Kaminski HJ. Advances in autoimmune myasthenia gravis management. Expert Rev Neurother 2018; 18:573-588. [PMID: 29932785 PMCID: PMC6289049 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2018.1491310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder with no cure and conventional treatments limited by significant adverse effects and variable benefit. In the last decade, therapeutic development has expanded based on improved understanding of autoimmunity and financial incentives for drug development in rare disease. Clinical subtypes exist based on age, gender, thymic pathology, autoantibody profile, and other poorly defined factors, such as genetics, complicate development of specific therapies. Areas covered: Clinical presentation and pathology vary considerably among patients with some having weakness limited to the ocular muscles and others having profound generalized weakness leading to respiratory insufficiency. MG is an antibody-mediated disorder dependent on autoreactive B cells which require T-cell support. Treatments focus on elimination of circulating autoantibodies or inhibition of effector mechanisms by a broad spectrum of approaches from plasmapheresis to B-cell elimination to complement inhibition. Expert commentary: Standard therapies and those under development are disease modifying and not curative. As a rare disease, clinical trials are challenged in patient recruitment. The great interest in development of treatments specific for MG is welcome, but decisions will need to be made to focus on those that offer significant benefits to patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Wang
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington DC 20008
| | - Iva Breskovska
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington DC 20008
| | - Shreya Gandhy
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington DC 20008
| | - Anna Rostedt Punga
- Department of Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeffery T. Guptill
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Henry J. Kaminski
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington DC 20008
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Kernfeld EM, Genga RMJ, Neherin K, Magaletta ME, Xu P, Maehr R. A Single-Cell Transcriptomic Atlas of Thymus Organogenesis Resolves Cell Types and Developmental Maturation. Immunity 2018; 48:1258-1270.e6. [PMID: 29884461 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thymus development is critical to the adaptive immune system, yet a comprehensive transcriptional framework capturing thymus organogenesis at single-cell resolution is still needed. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to capture 8 days of thymus development, perturbations of T cell receptor rearrangement, and in vitro organ cultures, producing profiles of 24,279 cells. We resolved transcriptional heterogeneity of developing lymphocytes, and genetic perturbation confirmed T cell identity of conventional and non-conventional lymphocytes. We characterized maturation dynamics of thymic epithelial cells in vivo, classified cell maturation state in a thymic organ culture, and revealed the intrinsic capacity of thymic epithelium to preserve transcriptional regularity despite exposure to exogenous retinoic acid. Finally, by integrating the cell atlas with human genome-wide association study (GWAS) data and autoimmune-disease-related genes, we implicated embryonic thymus-resident cells as possible participants in autoimmune disease etiologies. This resource provides a single-cell transcriptional framework for biological discovery and molecular analysis of thymus organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Kernfeld
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ryan M J Genga
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kashfia Neherin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Margaret E Magaletta
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ping Xu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - René Maehr
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Gosselin EA, Eppler HB, Bromberg JS, Jewell CM. Designing natural and synthetic immune tissues. NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:484-498. [PMID: 29784994 PMCID: PMC6283404 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines and immunotherapies have provided enormous improvements for public health, but there are fundamental disconnects between where most studies are performed-in cell culture and animal models-and the ultimate application in humans. Engineering immune tissues and organs, such as bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes and spleen, could be instrumental in overcoming these hurdles. Fundamentally, designed immune tissues could serve as in vitro tools to more accurately study human immune function and disease, while immune tissues engineered for implantation as next-generation vaccines or immunotherapies could enable direct, on-demand control over generation and regulation of immune function. In this Review, we discuss recent interdisciplinary strategies that are merging materials science and immunology to create engineered immune tissues in vitro and in vivo. We also highlight the hurdles facing these approaches and the need for comparison to existing clinical options, relevant animal models, and other emerging technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Gosselin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Haleigh B Eppler
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biological Sciences Training Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biological Sciences Training Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, College Park, MD, USA.
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Maryland VA Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Woroniecka KI, Rhodin KE, Chongsathidkiet P, Keith KA, Fecci PE. T-cell Dysfunction in Glioblastoma: Applying a New Framework. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3792-3802. [PMID: 29593027 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A functional, replete T-cell repertoire is an integral component to adequate immune surveillance and to the initiation and maintenance of productive antitumor immune responses. Glioblastoma (GBM), however, is particularly adept at sabotaging antitumor immunity, eliciting severe T-cell dysfunction that is both qualitative and quantitative. Understanding and countering such dysfunction are among the keys to harnessing the otherwise stark potential of anticancer immune-based therapies. Although T-cell dysfunction in GBM has been long described, newer immunologic frameworks now exist for reclassifying T-cell deficits in a manner that better permits their study and reversal. Herein, we divide and discuss the various T-cell deficits elicited by GBM within the context of the five relevant categories: senescence, tolerance, anergy, exhaustion, and ignorance. Categorization is appropriately made according to the molecular bases of dysfunction. Likewise, we review the mechanisms by which GBM elicits each mode of T-cell dysfunction and discuss the emerging immunotherapeutic strategies designed to overcome them. Clin Cancer Res; 24(16); 3792-802. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina I Woroniecka
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kristen E Rhodin
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Pakawat Chongsathidkiet
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kristin A Keith
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Peter E Fecci
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. .,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Nahas MR, Rosenblatt J, Lazarus HM, Avigan D. Anti-cancer vaccine therapy for hematologic malignancies: An evolving era. Blood Rev 2018; 32:312-325. [PMID: 29475779 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The potential promise of therapeutic vaccination as effective therapy for hematologic malignancies is supported by the observation that allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is curative for a subset of patients due to the graft-versus-tumor effect mediated by alloreactive lymphocytes. Tumor vaccines are being explored as a therapeutic strategy to re-educate host immunity to recognize and target malignant cells through the activation and expansion of effector cell populations. Via several mechanisms, tumor cells induce T cell dysfunction and senescence, amplifying and maintaining tumor cell immunosuppressive effects, resulting in failure of clinical trials of tumor vaccines and adoptive T cell therapies. The fundamental premise of successful vaccine design involves the introduction of tumor-associated antigens in the context of effective antigen presentation so that tolerance can be reversed and a productive response can be generated. With the increasing understanding of the role of both the tumor and tumor microenvironment in fostering immune tolerance, vaccine therapy is being explored in the context of immunomodulatory therapies. The most effective strategy may be to use combination therapies such as anti-cancer vaccines with checkpoint blockade to target critical aspects of this environment in an effort to prevent the re-establishment of tumor tolerance while limiting toxicity associated with autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myrna R Nahas
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jacalyn Rosenblatt
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hillard M Lazarus
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Avigan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals distinct genetic modules associated with Helios expression in intratumoral regulatory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:2162-2167. [PMID: 29440380 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720447115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key modulators of immune tolerance, capable of suppressing inflammatory immune responses and promoting nonlymphoid tissue homeostasis. Helios, a transcription factor (TF) that is selectively expressed by Tregs, has been shown to be essential for the maintenance of Treg lineage stability in the face of inflammatory conditions that include autoimmune disease and cancer. Helios-deficient Tregs within tumors acquire effector T cell function and contribute to immune responses against cancer. However, the underlying genetic basis of this Treg reprogramming is not well understood. Here, we report that Helios-deficient Tregs within the chronic inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) derepress genetic programs associated with T helper (Th) cell differentiation by up-regulating Th cell-associated TFs and effector cytokines. These genetic changes of Helios-deficient Tregs are most apparent in a Treg subpopulation with high affinity for self-antigens, as detected by both increased GITR/PD-1 expression and increased responsiveness to self-antigens. Their combined effects may promote a phenotype conversion of Tregs into effector T cells within the TME, where TCR engagement and costimulatory receptor expression by Tregs are increased. These data provide a genetic basis for the unstable phenotype of Helios-deficient Tregs within the inflammatory environment of tumors and suggest that immune milieu-dependent alterations in gene expression are a central feature of Treg conversion.
Collapse
|
98
|
Escape from thymic deletion and anti-leukemic effects of T cells specific for hematopoietic cell-restricted antigen. Nat Commun 2018; 9:225. [PMID: 29335408 PMCID: PMC5768767 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether hematopoietic cell-restricted distribution of antigens affects the degree of thymic negative selection has not been investigated in detail. Here, we show that T cells specific for hematopoietic cell-restricted antigens (HRA) are not completely deleted in the thymus, using the mouse minor histocompatibility antigen H60, the expression of which is restricted to hematopoietic cells. As a result, low avidity T cells escape from thymic deletion. This incomplete thymic deletion occurs to the T cells developing de novo in the thymus of H60-positive recipients in H60-mismatched bone marrow transplantation (BMT). H60-specific thymic deletion escapee CD8+ T cells exhibit effector differentiation potentials in the periphery and contribute to graft-versus-leukemia effects in the recipients of H60-mismatched BMT, regressing H60+ hematological tumors. These results provide information essential for understanding thymic negative selection and developing a strategy to treat hematological tumors.
Collapse
|
99
|
Rodrigues DB, Oliveira JM, Santos TC, Reis RL. Dendrimers: Breaking the paradigm of current musculoskeletal autoimmune therapies. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:e1796-e1812. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Rodrigues
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Minho Avepark 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Minho Avepark 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineHeadquarters at University of Minho Avepark 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
| | - Tírcia C. Santos
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Minho Avepark 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Minho Avepark 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineHeadquarters at University of Minho Avepark 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Sidhom JW, Bessell CA, Havel JJ, Kosmides A, Chan TA, Schneck JP. ImmunoMap: A Bioinformatics Tool for T-cell Repertoire Analysis. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 6:151-162. [PMID: 29263161 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite a dramatic increase in T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, few approaches biologically parse the data in a fashion that both helps yield new information about immune responses and may guide immunotherapeutic interventions. To address this issue, we developed a method, ImmunoMap, that utilizes a sequence analysis approach inspired by phylogenetics to examine TCR repertoire relatedness. ImmunoMap analysis of the CD8 T-cell response to self-antigen (Kb-TRP2) or to a model foreign antigen (Kb-SIY) in naïve and tumor-bearing B6 mice showed differences in the T-cell repertoire of self- versus foreign antigen-specific responses, potentially reflecting immune pressure by the tumor, and also detected lymphoid organ-specific differences in TCR repertoires. When ImmunoMap was used to analyze clinical trial data of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from patients being treated with anti-PD-1, ImmunoMap, but not standard TCR sequence analyses, revealed a clinically predicative signature in pre- and posttherapy samples. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(2); 151-62. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John-William Sidhom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Catherine A Bessell
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan J Havel
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alyssa Kosmides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timothy A Chan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan P Schneck
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|