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Smutova V, Pará C, Foret MK, Bennamoune N, Hung S, Spickler C, Riffon R, Rowe J, Festin S, Authier S. Non-Clinical Cell Therapy Development Using the NCG Mouse Model as a Test System. Int J Toxicol 2023; 42:232-253. [PMID: 36630195 DOI: 10.1177/10915818221150790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The NCG triple immunodeficient mice on a NOD/Nju background lack functional/mature T, B, and NK cells, and have reduced macrophage and dendritic cell function. This study characterized the NCG mouse model for toxicity, engraftment and tumorigenicity assessments of cell therapies, using CD34+ hHSPC adult mobilized cells with two myeloablation regimens.Mice received sub-lethal irradiation or busulfan and were then injected intravenously with CD34+ hHSPCs (1.0 x 106 cells/mouse) or PBS (control), while positive control animals received 2 x 106 HL-60 cells/mouse. hCD34+ cell donors were treated with the mobilizing agent G-CSF prior to leukapheresis. Following injections, mouse blood samples were collected to assess engraftment rates by flow cytometry with body weights recorded periodically up to 20 weeks post-cell injection. No significant clinical signs or body weight changes were observed. At week 10 post-cell injection, the peripheral blood chimerism of hCD45+ cells was above 20%. While mCD45+ concentration was constant between week 10 and 17 in whole blood samples, hCD45+ concentration and chimerism slightly decreased at week 17. However, chimerism remained above 10%, with busulfan-treated mice presenting higher values. Chimerism was further assessed by quantifying human Alu sequences in blood and multiple organs using qPCR. Alu sequences were most abundant in the spleen and bone marrow, while lowest in the testes. In the positive control group, expected mortalities due to tumorigenesis were observed between days 27 and 40 post-cell injection. Overall, study results may be used to inform study design and potential toxicological endpoints relevant to non-clinical cell therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Pará
- Charles River Laboratories, Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Selly Hung
- Charles River Laboratories, Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Jenny Rowe
- Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, USA
| | | | - Simon Authier
- Charles River Laboratories, Laval, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Laval, QC, Canada
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Yu R, Maswikiti EP, Yu Y, Gao L, Ma C, Ma H, Deng X, Wang N, Wang B, Chen H. Advances in the Application of Preclinical Models in Photodynamic Therapy for Tumor: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010197. [PMID: 36678826 PMCID: PMC9867105 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive laser light local treatment that has been utilized in the management of a wide variety of solid tumors. Moreover, the evaluation of efficacy, adverse reactions, the development of new photosensitizers and the latest therapeutic regimens are inseparable from the preliminary exploration in preclinical studies. Therefore, our aim was to better comprehend the characteristics and limitations of these models and to provide a reference for related research. METHODS We searched the databases, including PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus for the past 25 years of original research articles on the feasibility of PDT in tumor treatment based on preclinical experiments and animal models. We provided insights into inclusion and exclusion criteria and ultimately selected 40 articles for data synthesis. RESULTS After summarizing and comparing the methods and results of these studies, the experimental model selection map was drawn. There are 7 main preclinical models, which are used for different research objectives according to their characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Based on this narrative review, preclinical experimental models are crucial to the development and promotion of PDT for tumors. The traditional animal models have some limitations, and the emergence of organoids may be a promising new insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yu
- The Second Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | | | - Yang Yu
- The Second Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Lei Gao
- The Second Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Chenhui Ma
- The Second Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- The Second Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiaobo Deng
- The Second Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Na Wang
- The Second Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bofang Wang
- The Second Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0931-5190550
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Chen R, Li Y, Zhuang Y, Zhang Y, Wu H, Lin T, Chen S. Immune evaluation of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor loaded hierarchically 3D nanofiber scaffolds in a humanized mice model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1159068. [PMID: 37034265 PMCID: PMC10080111 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1159068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Immune evaluation of biomaterials for tissue regeneration is a critical preclinical evaluation. The current evaluation criterion (ISO 10993-1 or GB/T 16886) uses rodents to perform the immune evaluation. However, the immune system of rodents is different from humans, the obtained results may not be reliable, which could lead directly to the failure of clinical trials. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) shows a great potential application in tissue regeneration by regulating local immune responses. The presented work combines the advantages of GM-CSF (immunoregulation) and hierarchically 3D nanofiber scaffolds (tissue regeneration). Methods: Firstly, we fabricated GM-CSF loaded 3D radially aligned nanofiber scaffolds, and then subcutaneous implantation was performed in humanized mice. The whole scaffold and surrounding tissue were harvested at each indicated time point. Finally, the cell infiltration and local immune responses were detected by histological observations, including H&E and Masson staining and immunochemistry. Results: We found significant cell migration and extracellular matrix deposition within the 3D radially aligned nanofiber scaffold after subcutaneous implantation. The locally released GM-CSF could accelerate the expression of human dendritic cells (CD11c) only 3 days after subcutaneous implantation. Moreover, higher expression of human cytotoxic T cells (CD3+/CD8+), M1 macrophages (CD68/CCR7) was detected within GM-CSF loaded radially aligned nanofiber scaffolds and their surrounding tissues. Conclusions: The 3D radially aligned scaffold can accelerate cell migration from surrounding tissues to regenerate the wound area. And the locally released GM-CSF enhances dendritic cell recruitment and activation of cytotoxic T cells and M1 macrophages. Taken together, the GM-CSF loaded 3D radially aligned nanofiber scaffolds have a promising potential for achieving tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangyang Zhuang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- *Correspondence: Hailong Wu, ; Tao Lin, ; Shixuan Chen,
| | - Tao Lin
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hailong Wu, ; Tao Lin, ; Shixuan Chen,
| | - Shixuan Chen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hailong Wu, ; Tao Lin, ; Shixuan Chen,
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Nakajima I, Tsukimura T, Ono T, Shiga T, Shitara H, Togawa T, Sakuraba H, Miyaoka Y. In Vivo Delivery of Therapeutic Molecules by Transplantation of Genome-Edited Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231173734. [PMID: 37183961 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231173734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have already been used in transplantation therapies. Currently, cells from healthy people are transplanted into patients with diseases. With the rapid evolution of genome editing technology, genetic modification could be applied to enhance the therapeutic effects of iPSCs, such as the introduction of secreted molecules to make the cells a drug delivery system. Here, we addressed this possibility by utilizing a Fabry disease mouse model, as a proof of concept. Fabry disease is caused by the lack of α-galactosidase A (GLA). We previously developed an immunotolerant therapeutic molecule, modified α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (mNAGA). We confirmed that secreted mNAGA from genome-edited iPSCs compensated for the GLA activity in GLA-deficient cells using an in vitro co-culture system. Moreover, iPSCs transplanted into Fabry model mice secreted mNAGA and supplied GLA activity to the liver. This study demonstrates the great potential of genome-edited iPSCs secreting therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ittetsu Nakajima
- Regenerative Medicine Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsukimura
- Department of Functional Bioanalysis, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Terumi Ono
- Regenerative Medicine Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shiga
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shitara
- Laboratory for Transgenic Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadayasu Togawa
- Department of Functional Bioanalysis, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakuraba
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Miyaoka
- Regenerative Medicine Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
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55
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Piro G, Carbone C, Agostini A, Esposito A, De Pizzol M, Novelli R, Allegretti M, Aramini A, Caggiano A, Granitto A, De Sanctis F, Ugel S, Corbo V, Martini M, Lawlor RT, Scarpa A, Tortora G. CXCR1/2 dual-inhibitor ladarixin reduces tumour burden and promotes immunotherapy response in pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:331-341. [PMID: 36385556 PMCID: PMC9902528 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy with few therapeutic options available. Despite immunotherapy has revolutionised cancer treatment, the results obtained in PDAC are still disappointing. Emerging evidence suggests that chemokines/CXCRs-axis plays a pivotal role in immune tumour microenvironment modulation, which may influence immunotherapy responsiveness. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of CXCR1/2 inhibitor ladarixin, alone or in combination with anti-PD-1, against immunosuppression in PDAC. METHODS A set of preclinical models was obtained by engrafting mouse PDAC-derived cells into syngeneic immune-competent mice, as well as by orthotopically transplanting patient-derived PDAC tumour into human immune-system-reconstituted (HIR) mice (HuCD34-NSG-mice). Tumour-bearing mice were randomly assigned to receive vehicles, ladarixin, anti-PD-1 or drugs combination. RESULTS CXCR1/2 inhibition by ladarixin reverted in vitro tumour-mediated M2 macrophages polarisation and migration. Ladarixin as single agent reduced tumour burden in cancer-derived graft (CDG) models with high-immunogenic potential and increased the efficacy of ICI in non-immunogenic CDG-resistant models. In a HIR mouse model bearing the immunogenic subtype of human PDAC, ladarixin showed high efficacy increasing the antitumor effect of anti-PD-1. CONCLUSION Ladarixin in combination with anti-PD-1 might represent an extremely effective approach for the treatment of immunotherapy refractory PDAC, allowing pro-tumoral to immune-permissive microenvironment conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geny Piro
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Carbone
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Agostini
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Annachiara Esposito
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rubina Novelli
- Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Santa Lucia 6, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Aramini
- Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Santa Lucia 6, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Caggiano
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Granitto
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco De Sanctis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Teresa Lawlor
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
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56
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Wang X, Wu C, Wei H. Humanized Germ-Free Mice for Investigating the Intervention Effect of Commensal Microbiome on Cancer Immunotherapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:1291-1302. [PMID: 35403435 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Significance: A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that the commensal microbiome is deeply involved in the host immune response, accounting for significantly divergent clinical outcomes among cancer patients receiving immunotherapy. Therefore, precise screening and evaluating of functional bacterial strains as novel targets for cancer immunotherapy have attracted great enthusiasm from both academia and industry, which calls for the construction and application of advanced animal models to support translational research in this field. Recent Advances: Significant progress has been made to elucidate the intervention effect of commensal microbiome on immunotherapy based on animal experiments. Especially, correlation between gut microbiota and host response to immunotherapy has been continuously discovered in a variety of cancer types, laying the foundation for causality establishment and mechanism research. Critical Issues: In oncology research, it is particularly not uncommon to see that a promising preclinical result fails to translate into clinical success. The use of conventional murine models in immunotherapy-associated microbiome research is very likely to bring discredit on the preclinical findings. We emphasize the value of germ-free (GF) mice and humanized mice as advanced models in this field. Future Directions: Integrating rederivation and humanization to generate humanized GF mice as preclinical models would make it possible to clarify the role of specific bacterial strains in immunotherapy as well as obtain preclinical findings that are more predictive for humans, leading to novel microbiome-based strategies for cancer immunotherapy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1291-1302.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinning Wang
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengwei Wu
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang S, Wang G, Lyu Y, Tian H, Shu C, Chen B, Fan W, Xu W, Shan Y, He J, Yang YG, Hu Z, Sun L. Human growth hormone supplement promotes human lymphohematopoietic cell reconstitution in immunodeficient mice. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:1383-1392. [PMID: 36468406 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the potential of human growth hormone (hGH) to improve human hematopoietic reconstitution in humanized mice. Materials & methods: Immunodeficient mice were conditioned by total body irradiation and transplanted with human CD34+ fetal liver cells. Peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow were harvested, and levels of human lymphohematopoietic cells were determined by flow cytometry. Results: Supplementation with hGH elevated human lymphohematopoietic chimerism by more than twofold. Treatment with hGH resulted in significantly increased reconstitution of human B cells and myeloid cells in lymphoid organs, enhanced human erythropoiesis in the bone morrow, and improved engraftment of human hematopoietic stem cells. Conclusion: hGH supplementation promotes human lymphohematopoietic reconstitution in humanized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, & Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, & Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Yanan Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, & Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Huimin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, & Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, & Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Bing Chen
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, & Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Wenshu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, & Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Yanhong Shan
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, & Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Jin He
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, & Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, & Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.,International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, & Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Liguang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of Ministry of Education, & Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, 130061, China
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Marvin JC, Mochida A, Paredes J, Vaughn B, Andarawis-Puri N. Detergent-Free Decellularization Preserves the Mechanical and Biological Integrity of Murine Tendon. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:646-655. [PMID: 36326204 PMCID: PMC9807253 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2022.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue decellularization has demonstrated widespread applications across numerous organ systems for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Decellularized tissues are expected to retain structural and/or compositional features of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), enabling investigation of biochemical factors and cell-ECM interactions that drive tissue homeostasis, healing, and disease. However, the dense collagenous tendon matrix has limited the efficacy of traditional decellularization strategies without the aid of harsh chemical detergents and/or physical agitation that disrupt tissue integrity and denature proteins involved in regulating cell behavior. In this study, we adapted and established the advantages of a detergent-free decellularization method that relies on latrunculin B actin destabilization, alternating hypertonic-hypotonic salt and water incubations, nuclease-assisted elimination of cellular material, and protease inhibitor supplementation under aseptic conditions. Our method maintained the collagen molecular structure (i.e., minimal extent of denaturation), while adequately removing cells and preserving bulk mechanical properties. Furthermore, we demonstrated that decellularized tendon ECM-derived coatings isolated from different mouse strains, injury states (i.e., naive and acutely injured/"provisional"), and anatomical sites harness distinct biochemical cues and robustly maintain tendon cell viability in vitro. Together, our work provides a simple and scalable decellularization method to facilitate mechanistic studies that will expand our fundamental understanding of tendon ECM and cell biology. Impact statement In this study, we present a decellularization method for tendon that does not rely on any detergent or physical processing techniques. We assessed the impact of detergent-free decellularization using tissue, cellular, and molecular level analyses and validated the preservation of gross fiber architecture, collagen molecular structure, and extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated biological cues that are essential for studying physiological cell-ECM interactions. Finally, we demonstrated the applicability of this method for healthy and injured tendon environments, across mouse strains, and for different types of tendons, illustrating the utility of this approach for isolating the contributions of biochemical cues within unique tendon ECM microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Marvin
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ai Mochida
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Juan Paredes
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Brenna Vaughn
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Nelly Andarawis-Puri
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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59
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Aso M, Yamamoto TT, Kuroda M, Wada J, Kubota Y, Ishikawa K, Maezawa Y, Teramoto N, Tawada A, Asada S, Aoyagi Y, Kirinashizawa M, Onitake A, Matsuura Y, Yasunaga K, Konno SI, Nishino K, Yamamoto M, Miyoshi J, Kobayashi N, Tanio M, Ikeuchi T, Igari H, Mitsukawa N, Hanaoka H, Yokote K, Saito Y. First-in-human autologous implantation of genetically modified adipocytes expressing LCAT for the treatment of familial LCAT deficiency. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11271. [PMID: 36387451 PMCID: PMC9663876 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Familial lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency (FLD) is a severe inherited disease without effective treatment. Patients with FLD develop severe low HDL, corneal opacity, hemolytic anemia, and renal injury. Objective We developed genetically modified adipocytes (GMAC) secreting LCAT (LCAT-GMAC) for ex vivo gene therapy. GMACs were prepared from the patient’s adipocytes to express LCAT by retroviral gene transduction to secrete functional enzymes. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LCAT-GMAC implantation in an FLD patient. Methods Proliferative preadipocytes were obtained from a patient using a ceiling culture and retrovirally transduced with LCAT. After obtaining enough cells by expansion culture of the transduced cells, the resulting LCAT-GMACs were implanted into a patient with FLD. To evaluate the safety and efficacy, we analyzed the outcome of the autologous implantation for 24 weeks of observation and subsequent 240 weeks of the follow-up periods. Results This first-in-human autologous implantation of LCAT-GMACs was shown to be safe by evaluating adverse events. The LCAT-GMAC implantation increased serum LCAT activity by approximately 50% of the baseline and sustained over three years. Consistent with increased LCAT activity, intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and free cholesterol levels of the small and very small HDL fractions decreased. We found the hemoglobin/haptoglobin complex in the hemolyzed pre-implantation sera of the patient. After one week of the implantation, the hemoglobin/haptoglobin complex almost disappeared. Immediately after the implantation, the patient's proteinuria decreased temporarily to mild levels and gradually increased to the baseline. At 48 weeks after implantation, the patient's proteinuria deteriorated with the development of mild hypertension. By the treatment with antihypertensives, the patient's blood pressure normalized. With the normalization of blood pressure, the proteinuria rapidly decreased to mild proteinuria levels. Conclusions LCAT-GMAC implantation in a patient with FLD is shown to be safe and appears to be effective, in part, for treating anemia and proteinuria in FLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Masayuki Kuroda
- Center for Advanced Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, 2608677 Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7008530 Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kubota
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chiba University, Faculty of Medicine, 2608670 Chiba, Japan
| | - Ko Ishikawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University, Graduates School of Medicine and Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, 2608670 Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University, Graduates School of Medicine and Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, 2608670 Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoya Teramoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University, Graduates School of Medicine and Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, 2608670 Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayako Tawada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 2608670 Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Takayuki Ikeuchi
- Chiba University Hospital Clinical Research Center, 2608677 Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Igari
- Division of Infection Control, Chiba University Hospital, 2608677 Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mitsukawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chiba University, Faculty of Medicine, 2608670 Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Hanaoka
- Chiba University Hospital Clinical Research Center, 2608677 Chiba, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University, Graduates School of Medicine and Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, 2608670 Chiba, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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Waight E, Zhang C, Mathews S, Kevadiya BD, Lloyd KCK, Gendelman HE, Gorantla S, Poluektova LY, Dash PK. Animal models for studies of HIV-1 brain reservoirs. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1285-1295. [PMID: 36044375 PMCID: PMC9804185 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5vmr0322-161r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 often evades a robust antiretroviral-mediated immune response, leading to persistent infection within anatomically privileged sites including the CNS. Continuous low-level infection occurs in the presence of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) in CD4+ T cells and mononuclear phagocytes (MP; monocytes, macrophages, microglia, and dendritic cells). Within the CNS, productive viral infection is found exclusively in microglia and meningeal, perivascular, and choroidal macrophages. MPs serve as the principal viral CNS reservoir. Animal models have been developed to recapitulate natural human HIV-1 infection. These include nonhuman primates, humanized mice, EcoHIV, and transgenic rodent models. These models have been used to study disease pathobiology, antiretroviral and immune modulatory agents, viral reservoirs, and eradication strategies. However, each of these models are limited to specific component(s) of human disease. Indeed, HIV-1 species specificity must drive therapeutic and cure studies. These have been studied in several model systems reflective of latent infections, specifically in MP (myeloid, monocyte, macrophages, microglia, and histiocyte cell) populations. Therefore, additional small animal models that allow productive viral replication to enable viral carriage into the brain and the virus-susceptible MPs are needed. To this end, this review serves to outline animal models currently available to study myeloid brain reservoirs and highlight areas that are lacking and require future research to more effectively study disease-specific events that could be useful for viral eradication studies both in and outside the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Waight
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Saumi Mathews
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Bhavesh D. Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - K. C. Kent Lloyd
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, and Mouse Biology ProgramUniversity of California DavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Larisa Y. Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Prasanta K. Dash
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
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Lidsky ME, Wang Z, Lu M, Liu A, Hsu SD, McCall SJ, Sheng Z, Granek JA, Owzar K, Anderson KS, Wood KC. Leveraging patient derived models of FGFR2 fusion positive intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma to identify synergistic therapies. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:75. [PMID: 36274097 PMCID: PMC9588766 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains a deadly malignancy lacking systemic therapies for advanced disease. Recent advancements include selective FGFR1-3 inhibitors for the 15% of ICC patients harboring fusions, although survival is limited by poor response and resistance. Herein we report generation of a patient-derived FGFR2 fusion-positive ICC model system consisting of a cell line, organoid, and xenograft, which have undergone complete histologic, genomic, and phenotypic characterization, including testing standard-of-care systemic therapies. Using these FGFR2 fusion-positive ICC models, we conducted an unbiased high-throughput small molecule screen to prioritize combination strategies with FGFR inhibition, from which HDAC inhibition together with pemigatinib was validated in vitro and in vivo as a synergistic therapy for ICC. Additionally, we demonstrate broad utility of the FGFR/HDAC combination for other FGFR fusion-positive solid tumors. These data are directly translatable and justify early phase trials to establish dosing, safety, and therapeutic efficacy of this synergistic combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Lidsky
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Zechen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Annie Liu
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S David Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shannon J McCall
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhecheng Sheng
- Department of Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joshua A Granek
- Department of Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kouros Owzar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Karen S Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kris C Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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Chen J, Liao S, Xiao Z, Pan Q, Wang X, Shen K, Wang S, Yang L, Guo F, Liu HF, Pan Q. The development and improvement of immunodeficient mice and humanized immune system mouse models. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007579. [PMID: 36341323 PMCID: PMC9626807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models play an indispensable role in the study of human diseases. However, animal models of different diseases do not fully mimic the complex internal environment of humans. Immunodeficient mice are deficient in certain genes and do not express these or show reduced expression in some of their cells, facilitating the establishment of humanized mice and simulation of the human environment in vivo. Here, we summarize the developments in immunodeficient mice, from the initial nude mice lacking T lymphocytes to NOD/SCID rgnull mice lacking T, B, and NK cell populations. We describe existing humanized immune system mouse models based on immunodeficient mice in which human cells or tissues have been transplanted to establish a human immune system, including humanized-peripheral blood mononuclear cells (Hu-PBMCs), humanized hematopoietic stem cells (Hu-HSCs), and humanized bone marrow, liver, thymus (Hu-BLT) mouse models. The different methods for their development involve varying levels of complexity and humanization. Humanized mice are widely used in the study of various diseases to provide a transitional stage for clinical research. However, several challenges persist, including improving the efficiency of reconstructing the human B cell immune response, extending lifespan, improving the survival rate of mice to extend the observation period, and improving the development of standardized commercialized models and as well as their use. Overall, there are many opportunities and challenges in the development of humanized immune system mouse models which can provide novel strategies for understanding the mechanisms and treatments of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qingjun Pan
- *Correspondence: Hua-feng Liu, ; Qingjun Pan,
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Borgstedt L, Bratke S, Blobner M, Pötzl C, Ulm B, Jungwirth B, Schmid S. Isoflurane has no effect on cognitive or behavioral performance in a mouse model of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1033729. [DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1033729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPatients with Alzheimer’s disease show a sex-dependent decline of cognitive and behavioral performance. It is controversially discussed whether general anesthesia itself can aggravate or even cause this neurocognitive decline. Therefore, we investigated the effect of general anesthesia on neurocognitive and behavioral function and amyloidopathy in a mouse model of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease with respect to sex.MethodsAfter governmental approval 10 months old Tg2576 mice and wild type (total 85 mice) either underwent general anesthesia with 1.0 minimal alveolar concentration of isoflurane for 2 h or were not exposed to isoflurane (controls). Following cognitive and behavioral testing using the modified hole board test (mHBT), brains were investigated regarding amyloidopathy, inflammation, and apoptosis. Data were analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) and univariate analysis of variance (UNIANOVA).ResultsTg2576 mice showed a decline in memory function (p < 0.001), less anxiety (p = 0.022 and p = 0.024), increased locomotor activity (p = 0.025), and impaired fine motor skills (p < 0.001). Amyloid precursor protein (p < 0.001), soluble amyloid-beta (p < 0.001) and insoluble amyloid deposits (p < 0.001) were increased in Tg2576 animals. Neither sex nor exposure to isoflurane had an effect on cognitive or behavioral testing or expression of amyloid-related biomarkers.Discussion and conclusionWe found that 10 months old Tg2576 showed typical signs of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease and corresponding histopathological alterations. Relevant sex-specific differences or an effect of isoflurane anesthesia could not be detected at this early stage of the disease.
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Sper RB, Proctor J, Lascina O, Guo L, Polkoff K, Kaeser T, Simpson S, Borst L, Gleason K, Zhang X, Collins B, Murphy Y, Platt JL, Piedrahita JA. Allogeneic and xenogeneic lymphoid reconstitution in a RAG2 -/- IL2RG y/- severe combined immunodeficient pig: A preclinical model for intrauterine hematopoietic transplantation. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:965316. [PMID: 36311661 PMCID: PMC9614384 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.965316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice with severe combined immunodeficiency are commonly used as hosts of human cells. Size, longevity, and physiology, however, limit the extent to which immunodeficient mice can model human systems. To address these limitations, we generated RAG2−/−IL2RGy/− immunodeficient pigs and demonstrate successful engraftment of SLA mismatched allogeneic D42 fetal liver cells, tagged with pH2B-eGFP, and human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells after in utero cell transplantation. Following intrauterine injection at day 42–45 of gestation, fetuses were allowed to gestate to term and analyzed postnatally for the presence of pig (allogeneic) and human (xenogeneic) B cells, T-cells and NK cells in peripheral blood and other lymphoid tissues. Engraftment of allogeneic hematopoietic cells was detected based on co-expression of pH2B-eGFP and various markers of differentiation. Analysis of spleen revealed robust generation and engraftment of pH2B-eGFP mature B cells (and IgH recombination) and mature T-cells (and TCR-β recombination), T helper (CD3+CD4+) and T cytotoxic (CD3+CD8+) cells. The thymus revealed engraftment of pH2B-eGFP double negative precursors (CD4−CD8−) as well as double positive (CD4+, CD8+) precursors and single positive T-cells. After intrauterine administration of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, analysis of peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues revealed the presence of human T-cells (CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+) but no detectable B cells or NK cells. The frequency of human CD45+ cells in the circulation decreased rapidly and were undetectable within 2 weeks of age. The frequency of human CD45+ cells in the spleen also decreased rapidly, becoming undetectable at 3 weeks. In contrast, human CD45+CD3+T-cells comprised >70% of cells in the pig thymus at birth and persisted at the same frequency at 3 weeks. Most human CD3+ cells in the pig's thymus expressed CD4 or CD8, but few cells were double positive (CD4+ CD8+). In addition, human CD3+ cells in the pig thymus contained human T-cell excision circles (TREC), suggesting de novo development. Our data shows that the pig thymus provides a microenvironment conducive to engraftment, survival and development of human T-cells and provide evidence that the developing T-cell compartment can be populated to a significant extent by human cells in large animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan B. Sper
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jessica Proctor
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Odessa Lascina
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ling Guo
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Kathryn Polkoff
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Tobias Kaeser
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Sean Simpson
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Luke Borst
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Katherine Gleason
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Xia Zhang
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Bruce Collins
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Yanet Murphy
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Platt
- Department of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jorge A. Piedrahita
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Jorge A. Piedrahita
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Kanikarla Marie P, Sorokin AV, Bitner LA, Aden R, Lam M, Manyam G, Woods MN, Anderson A, Capasso A, Fowlkes N, Overman MJ, Menter DG, Kopetz S. Autologous humanized mouse models to study combination and single-agent immunotherapy for colorectal cancer patient-derived xenografts. Front Oncol 2022; 12:994333. [PMID: 36212401 PMCID: PMC9532947 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.994333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing studies of immunotherapy is limited due to a lack of pre-clinical models that reliably predict effective immunotherapy responses. To address this gap, we developed humanized mouse models of colorectal cancer (CRC) incorporating patient-derived xenografts (PDX) with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Humanized mice with CRC PDXs were generated via engraftment of autologous (isolated from the same patients as the PDXs) or allogeneic (isolated from healthy donors) PBMCs. Human T cells were detected in mouse blood, tissues, and infiltrated the implanted PDXs. The inclusion of anti-PD-1 therapy revealed that tumor responses in autologous but not allogeneic models were more comparable to that of patients. An overall non-specific graft-vs-tumor effect occurred in allogeneic models and negatively correlated with that seen in patients. In contrast, autologous humanized mice more accurately correlated with treatment outcomes by engaging pre-existing tumor specific T-cell populations. As autologous T cells appear to be the major drivers of tumor response thus, autologous humanized mice may serve as models at predicting treatment outcomes in pre-clinical settings for therapies reliant on pre-existing tumor specific T-cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kanikarla Marie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexey V. Sorokin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lea A. Bitner
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rebecca Aden
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael Lam
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ganiraju Manyam
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Melanie N. Woods
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amanda Anderson
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Oncology, The University of Texas Health Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Natalie Fowlkes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael J. Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David G. Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Scott Kopetz,
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Li YR, Zeng S, Dunn ZS, Zhou Y, Li Z, Yu J, Wang YC, Ku J, Cook N, Kramer A, Yang L. Off-the-shelf third-party HSC-engineered iNKT cells for ameliorating GvHD while preserving GvL effect in the treatment of blood cancers. iScience 2022; 25:104859. [PMID: 36034226 PMCID: PMC9399487 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Allo-HSCT is a curative therapy for hematologic malignancies owing to GvL effect mediated by alloreactive T cells; however, the same T cells also mediate GvHD, a severe side effect limiting the widespread application of allo-HSCT in clinics. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells can ameliorate GvHD while preserving GvL effect, but the clinical application of these cells is restricted by their scarcity. Here, we report the successful generation of third-party HSC-engineered human iNKT (3rdHSC-iNKT) cells using a method combining HSC gene engineering and in vitro HSC differentiation. The 3rdHSC-iNKT cells closely resembled the CD4-CD8-/+ subsets of endogenous human iNKT cells in phenotype and functionality. These cells displayed potent anti-GvHD functions by eliminating antigen-presenting myeloid cells in vitro and in xenograft models without negatively impacting tumor eradication by allogeneic T cells in preclinical models of lymphoma and leukemia, supporting 3rdHSC-iNKT cells as a promising off-the-shelf cell therapy candidate for GvHD prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samuel Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zachary Spencer Dunn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jiaji Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Josh Ku
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Noah Cook
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adam Kramer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Arez M, Eckersley-Maslin M, Klobučar T, von Gilsa Lopes J, Krueger F, Mupo A, Raposo AC, Oxley D, Mancino S, Gendrel AV, Bernardes de Jesus B, da Rocha ST. Imprinting fidelity in mouse iPSCs depends on sex of donor cell and medium formulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5432. [PMID: 36114205 PMCID: PMC9481624 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of somatic cells into induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) is a major leap towards personalised approaches to disease modelling and cell-replacement therapies. However, we still lack the ability to fully control the epigenetic status of iPSCs, which is a major hurdle for their downstream applications. Epigenetic fidelity can be tracked by genomic imprinting, a phenomenon dependent on DNA methylation, which is frequently perturbed in iPSCs by yet unknown reasons. To try to understand the causes underlying these defects, we conducted a thorough imprinting analysis using IMPLICON, a high-throughput method measuring DNA methylation levels, in multiple female and male murine iPSC lines generated under different experimental conditions. Our results show that imprinting defects are remarkably common in iPSCs, but their nature depends on the sex of donor cells and their response to culture conditions. Imprints in female iPSCs resist the initial genome-wide DNA demethylation wave during reprogramming, but ultimately cells accumulate hypomethylation defects irrespective of culture medium formulations. In contrast, imprinting defects on male iPSCs depends on the experimental conditions and arise during reprogramming, being mitigated by the addition of vitamin C (VitC). Our findings are fundamental to further optimise reprogramming strategies and generate iPSCs with a stable epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Arez
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Melanie Eckersley-Maslin
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Tajda Klobučar
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - João von Gilsa Lopes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Felix Krueger
- Bioinformatics Group, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
- Altos Labs, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Mupo
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
- Altos Labs, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Cláudia Raposo
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Oxley
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Mancino
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anne-Valerie Gendrel
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Genetics and Developmental Biology Unit, Institut Curie, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Bernardes de Jesus
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Simão Teixeira da Rocha
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Arthur JD, Alamaw ED, Jampachairsri K, Sharp P, Nagamine CM, Huss MK, Pacharinsak C. Efficacy of 3 Buprenorphine Formulations for the Attenuation of Hypersensitivity after Plantar Incision in Immunodeficient NSG Mice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2022; 61:448-456. [PMID: 36068076 PMCID: PMC9536821 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-22-000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Buprenorphine is perhaps the most prescribed analgesic for management of postoperative pain in mice. Although various buprenorphine formulations are effective in commonly used immunocompetent mouse strains, a knowledge gap exists regarding its efficacy in immunodeficient mice. Here we used a plantar incision to evaluate the efficacy of 3 buprenorphine formulations for attenuating postoperative mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in the immunodeficient NSG mouse strain. We also characterized the pharmacokinetics of these formulations over a 72-h period. We hypothesized that all 3 buprenorphine formulations evaluated-the standard preparation and 2 extended-release products (Bup-HCl, Bup-ER, and Bup-XR, respectively)-would attenuate postoperative mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity resulting from a plantar incision in NSG mice. Male and female NSG mice (n = 48) were allocated to 4 treatment groups: saline (0.9% NaCl, 5 mL/kg SC once); Bup-HCl (0.1 mg/kg SC, BID for 2 d); Bup-ER (1.0 mg/kg SC once); and Bup-XR (3.25 mg/kg SC once). Mechani- cal and thermal hypersensitivity assessments were conducted 24 h before surgery and at 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 h afterward. All groups of mice showed mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity within the first 24 h after surgery. Behavioral pain indicators (guarding, toe-touching [intermittent partial weight bearing], licking the incision, vocalizations) were observed in some mice from each group at every postoperative time point. Plasma buprenorphine was measured in a separate group of mice and concentrations surpassed the suggested therapeutic level (1.0 ng/mL) for less than 4 h for Bup-HCl, for at least 24 h for Bup-ER, and for 72 h for Bup-XR. Our results indicate that at the dosages studied, these buprenorphine formulations do not adequately attenuate postoperative mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in the plantar incisional model in NSG mice. These findings support the need for strain-specific analgesic protocols for mice used in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Arthur
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California;,Corresponding author.
| | - Eden D Alamaw
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Patrick Sharp
- Department of Animal Research Services, University of California, Merced, Merced, California;,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Claude M Nagamine
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Monika K Huss
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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69
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Gao Y, Hou X, Dai Y, Yang T, Chen K. Radiation-induced FAP + fibroblasts are involved in keloid recurrence after radiotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:957363. [PMID: 36092734 PMCID: PMC9449371 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.957363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Keloid scars (KSs), which are composed of abnormal hyperplastic scar tissue, form during skin wound healing due to excessive fibroblast activation and collagen secretion. Although surgical resection and radiation therapy are used to prevent recurrence, KS recurrence rates range from 15 to 23%, and the underlying mechanism is unclear. Methods: To elucidate the mechanism of keloid recurrence, we established a PDX model and the grafts remained for over 20 weeks after transplantation on the bilateral backs of the NCG mice. Results: RNA-seq revealed that KS tissue gene expression was highly consistent before and after transplantation. Then, one side of the KS graft was irradiated with electron beam therapy (10 Gy), significant increases in vimentin and fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) expression were observed after irradiation and were accompanied by severe microvascular destruction. Surprisingly, 4 weeks after irradiation, significantly increased recurrence was observed with increased FAP + tissue and cell cycle regulator expression, resulting in a remarkable altered graft volume. Moreover, irradiation-induced FAP upregulation markedly facilitated radiation resistance and increased cell cycle progression, decreased senescence, and increased energy production. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that irradiation causes increased abundance of FAP + cells, which was associated with cell proliferation and delayed cellular senescence, accompanied by ATP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuyin Dai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Kexin Chen,
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70
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Insights into mechanisms of graft-versus-host disease through humanised mouse models. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231673. [PMID: 35993192 PMCID: PMC9446388 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication that occurs following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for the treatment of haematological cancers and other blood-related disorders. GVHD is an inflammatory disorder, where the transplanted donor immune cells can mediate an immune response against the recipient and attack host tissues. Despite over 60 years of research, broad-range immune suppression is still used to prevent or treat GVHD, leading to an increased risk of cancer relapse and infection. Therefore, further insights into the disease mechanisms and development of predictive and prognostic biomarkers are key to improving outcomes and reducing GVHD development following allogeneic HSCT. An important preclinical tool to examine the pathophysiology of GVHD and to understand the key mechanisms that lead to GVHD development are preclinical humanised mouse models. Such models of GVHD are now well-established and can provide valuable insights into disease development. This review will focus on models where human peripheral blood mononuclear cells are injected into immune-deficient non-obese diabetic (NOD)-scid-interleukin-2(IL-2)Rγ mutant (NOD-scid-IL2Rγnull) mice. Humanised mouse models of GVHD can mimic the clinical setting for GVHD development, with disease progression and tissues impacted like that observed in humans. This review will highlight key findings from preclinical humanised mouse models regarding the role of donor human immune cells, the function of cytokines and cell signalling molecules and their impact on specific target tissues and GVHD development. Further, specific therapeutic strategies tested in these preclinical models reveal key molecular pathways important in reducing the burden of GVHD following allogeneic HSCT.
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71
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Miyasaka Y, Wang J, Hattori K, Yamauchi Y, Hoshi M, Yoshimi K, Ishida S, Mashimo T. A high-quality severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) rat bioresource. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272950. [PMID: 35960733 PMCID: PMC9374221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunodeficient animals are valuable models for the engraftment of exogenous tissues; they are widely used in many fields, including the creation of humanized animal models, as well as regenerative medicine and oncology. Compared with mice, laboratory rats have a larger body size and can more easily undergo transplantation of various tissues and organs. Considering the absence of high-quality resources of immunodeficient rats, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system to knock out the interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain gene (Il2rg) in F344/Jcl rats—alone or together with recombination activating gene 2 (Rag2)—to create a high-quality bioresource that researchers can freely use: severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) rats. We selected one founder rat with frame-shift mutations in both Il2rg (5-bp del) and Rag2 ([1-bp del+2-bp ins]/[7-bp del+2-bp ins]), then conducted mating to establish a line of immunodeficient rats. The immunodeficiency phenotype was preliminarily confirmed by the presence of severe thymic hypoplasia in Il2rg-single knockout (sKO) and Il2rg/Rag2-double knockout (dKO) rats. Assessment of blood cell counts in peripheral blood showed that the white blood cell count was significantly decreased in sKO and dKO rats, while the red blood cell count was unaffected. The decrease in white blood cell count was mainly caused by a decrease in lymphocytes. Furthermore, analyses of lymphocyte populations via flow cytometry showed that the numbers of B cells (CD3- CD45+) and natural killer cells (CD3- CD161+) were markedly reduced in both knockout rats. In contrast, T cells were markedly reduced but showed slightly different results between sKO and dKO rats. Notably, our immunodeficient rats do not exhibit growth retardation or gametogenesis defects. This high-quality SCID rat resource is now managed by the National BioResource Project in Japan. Our SCID rat model has been used in various research fields, demonstrating its importance as a bioresource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Miyasaka
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jinxi Wang
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Animal Genetics, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hattori
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Animal Genetics, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamauchi
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Animal Genetics, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Hoshi
- Division of Animal Genetics, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Yoshimi
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Animal Genetics, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saeko Ishida
- Division of Animal Genetics, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Animal Genetics, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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72
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Rodriguez-Irizarry VJ, Schneider AC, Ahle D, Smith JM, Suarez-Martinez EB, Salazar EA, McDaniel Mims B, Rasha F, Moussa H, Moustaïd-Moussa N, Pruitt K, Fonseca M, Henriquez M, Clauss MA, Grisham MB, Almodovar S. Mice with humanized immune system as novel models to study HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936164. [PMID: 35990658 PMCID: PMC9390008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV and who receive antiretroviral therapy have a significantly improved lifespan, compared to the early days without therapy. Unfortunately, persisting viral replication in the lungs sustains chronic inflammation, which may cause pulmonary vascular dysfunction and ultimate life-threatening Pulmonary Hypertension (PH). The mechanisms involved in the progression of HIV and PH remain unclear. The study of HIV-PH is limited due to the lack of tractable animal models that recapitulate infection and pathobiological aspects of PH. On one hand, mice with humanized immune systems (hu-mice) are highly relevant to HIV research but their suitability for HIV-PH research deserves investigation. On another hand, the Hypoxia-Sugen is a well-established model for experimental PH that combines hypoxia with the VEGF antagonist SU5416. To test the suitability of hu-mice, we combined HIV with either SU5416 or hypoxia. Using right heart catheterization, we found that combining HIV+SU5416 exacerbated PH. HIV infection increases human pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs, compared to uninfected mice. Histopathological examinations showed pulmonary vascular inflammation with arterial muscularization in HIV-PH. We also found an increase in endothelial-monocyte activating polypeptide II (EMAP II) when combining HIV+SU5416. Therefore, combinations of HIV with SU5416 or hypoxia recapitulate PH in hu-mice, creating well-suited models for infectious mechanistic pulmonary vascular research in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J. Rodriguez-Irizarry
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States,Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico in Ponce, Ponce, PR, United States
| | - Alina C. Schneider
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Daniel Ahle
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Justin M. Smith
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Ethan A. Salazar
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Brianyell McDaniel Mims
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Fahmida Rasha
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Hanna Moussa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Naima Moustaïd-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Marcelo Fonseca
- Program of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Henriquez
- Program of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matthias A. Clauss
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Matthew B. Grisham
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Sharilyn Almodovar
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Sharilyn Almodovar,
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73
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Giannisis A, Patra K, Edlund AK, Nieto LA, Benedicto-Gras J, Moussaud S, de la Rosa A, Twohig D, Bengtsson T, Fu Y, Bu G, Bial G, Foquet L, Hammarstedt C, Strom S, Kannisto K, Raber J, Ellis E, Nielsen HM. Brain integrity is altered by hepatic APOE ε4 in humanized-liver mice. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3533-3543. [PMID: 35418601 PMCID: PMC9708568 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver-generated plasma apolipoprotein E (apoE) does not enter the brain but nonetheless correlates with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk and AD biomarker levels. Carriers of APOEε4, the strongest genetic AD risk factor, exhibit lower plasma apoE and altered brain integrity already at mid-life versus non-APOEε4 carriers. Whether altered plasma liver-derived apoE or specifically an APOEε4 liver phenotype promotes neurodegeneration is unknown. Here we investigated the brains of Fah-/-, Rag2-/-, Il2rg-/- mice on the Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) background (FRGN) with humanized-livers of an AD risk-associated APOE ε4/ε4 versus an APOE ε2/ε3 genotype. Reduced endogenous mouse apoE levels in the brains of APOE ε4/ε4 liver mice were accompanied by various changes in markers of synaptic integrity, neuroinflammation and insulin signaling. Plasma apoE4 levels were associated with unfavorable changes in several of the assessed markers. These results propose a previously unexplored role of the liver in the APOEε4-associated risk of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Giannisis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Kalicharan Patra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Anna K Edlund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Lur Agirrezabala Nieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Joan Benedicto-Gras
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Simon Moussaud
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Andrés de la Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Daniel Twohig
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Yuan Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Greg Bial
- Yecuris Corporation, Tualatin, OR, 97062, USA
| | | | - Christina Hammarstedt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Stephen Strom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Kristina Kannisto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Jacob Raber
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurology, and Radiation Medicine, and Division of Neuroscience, ONPPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ewa Ellis
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, (CLINTEC), Division of Transplantation surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14152, Sweden
| | - Henrietta M Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden.
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74
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Campisi M, Shelton SE, Chen M, Kamm RD, Barbie DA, Knelson EH. Engineered Microphysiological Systems for Testing Effectiveness of Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3561. [PMID: 35892819 PMCID: PMC9330888 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies, including adoptive immune cell therapies and genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T or NK cells, have shown promise in treating hematologic malignancies. Yet, immune cell infiltration and expansion has proven challenging in solid tumors due to immune cell exclusion and exhaustion and the presence of vascular barriers. Testing next-generation immune therapies remains challenging in animals, motivating sophisticated ex vivo models of human tumor biology and prognostic assays to predict treatment response in real-time while comprehensively recapitulating the human tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). This review examines current strategies for testing cell-based cancer immunotherapies using ex vivo microphysiological systems and microfluidic technologies. Insights into the multicellular interactions of the TIME will identify novel therapeutic strategies to help patients whose tumors are refractory or resistant to current immunotherapies. Altogether, these microphysiological systems (MPS) have the capability to predict therapeutic vulnerabilities and biological barriers while studying immune cell infiltration and killing in a more physiologically relevant context, thereby providing important insights into fundamental biologic mechanisms to expand our understanding of and treatments for currently incurable malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Campisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.C.); (S.E.S.); (M.C.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Sarah E. Shelton
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.C.); (S.E.S.); (M.C.); (D.A.B.)
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Minyue Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.C.); (S.E.S.); (M.C.); (D.A.B.)
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David A. Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.C.); (S.E.S.); (M.C.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Erik H. Knelson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.C.); (S.E.S.); (M.C.); (D.A.B.)
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75
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Mice in translational neuroscience: What R we doing? Prog Neurobiol 2022; 217:102330. [PMID: 35872220 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Animal models play a pivotal role in translational neuroscience but recurrent problems in data collection, analyses, and interpretation, lack of biomarkers, and a tendency to over-reliance on mice have marred neuroscience progress, leading to one of the highest attrition rates in drug translation. Global initiatives to improve reproducibility and model selection are being implemented. Notwithstanding, mice are still the preferred animal species to model human brain disorders even when the translation has been shown to be limited. Non-human primates are better positioned to provide relevant translational information because of their higher brain complexity and homology to humans. Among others, lack of resources and formal training, strict legislation, and ethical issues may impede broad access to large animals. We propose that instead of increasingly restrictive legislation, more resources for training, education, husbandry, and data sharing are urgently needed. The creation of multidisciplinary teams, in which veterinarians need to play a key role, would be critical to improve translational efficiency. Furthermore, it is not usually acknowledged by researchers and regulators the value of comparative studies in lower species, that are instrumental in toxicology, target identification, and mechanistic studies. Overall, we highlight here the need for a conceptual shift in neuroscience research and policies to reach the patients.
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76
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Han AR, Lee JE, Ko SY, Shin HS, Im JH, Lee JY, Lee DR. Use of lysates from pooled human mononuclear cells to activate CD3 T cells in humanized mice with low human cell engraftment efficiency. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:571-578. [PMID: 35859242 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In regenerative medicine, humanized mice (hu-mice) are extremely valuable for verifying the cross talk between immune cells and therapeutic cells. Given the highly dynamic nature of the activities of immune cells, the in vitro platform does not allow for screening of their exact interactions with different therapeutic cells. By contrast, hu-mice have been widely applied for in vivo studies, especially those on immune rejection. However, the full reconstitution of lymphoid lineage cells in hu-mice remains to be realized. In this study, we investigated whether lysates from healthy donor-derived pooled mononuclear cells (MNCs) can promote the increase of lymphoid lineage cells in hu-mice. The pooled MNC lysate treatment of hu-mice possessing a low proportion of CD45 cells resulted in significant increases in CD3 cells and CD45 cells with the RO phenotype. The diverse epitopes from the pooled MNC lysates significantly induced the proportion of lymphoid lineage cells in the thymus and spleen after therapeutic cells with mismatched HLAs were co-injected into the hu-mice. These findings demonstrate the technical benefits of using pooled MNC lysates for reconstituting lymphoid lineage cells in hu-mice, providing a valuable in vivo platform for investigating the cross talk between lymphoid immune cells and therapeutic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Reum Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Jeoung Eun Lee
- CHA Advanced Research Institute, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Seung Young Ko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Shin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Jung Ho Im
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- CHA Advanced Research Institute, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea.
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea.
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77
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Bone metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma: facts and hopes from clinical and translational perspectives. Front Med 2022; 16:551-573. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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78
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Aalam SMM, Viringipurampeer IA, Walb MC, Tryggestad EJ, Emperumal CP, Song J, Xu X, Saini R, Lombaert IMA, Sarkaria JN, Garcia J, Janus JR, Kannan N. Characterization of Transgenic NSG-SGM3 Mouse Model of Precision Radiation-Induced Chronic Hyposalivation. Radiat Res 2022; 198:243-254. [PMID: 35820185 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00237.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine holds promise to cure radiation-induced salivary hypofunction, a chronic side effect in patients with head and neck cancers, therefore reliable preclinical models for salivary regenerative outcome will promote progress towards therapies. In this study, our objective was to develop a cone beam computed tomography-guided precision ionizing radiation-induced preclinical model of chronic hyposalivation using immunodeficient NSG-SGM3 mice. Using a Schirmer's test based sialagogue-stimulated saliva flow kinetic measurement method, we demonstrated significant differences in hyposalivation specific to age, sex, precision-radiation dose over a chronic (6 months) timeline. NSG-SMG3 mice tolerated doses from 2.5 Gy up to 7.5 Gy. Interestingly, 5-7.5 Gy had similar effects on stimulated-saliva flow (∼50% reduction in young female at 6 months after precision irradiation over sham-treated controls), however, >5 Gy led to chronic alopecia. Different groups demonstrated characteristic saliva fluctuations early on, but after 5 months all groups nearly stabilized stimulated-saliva flow with low-inter-mouse variation within each group. Further characterization revealed precision-radiation-induced glandular shrinkage, hypocellularization, gland-specific loss of functional acinar and glandular cells in all major salivary glands replicating features of human salivary hypofunction. This model will aid investigation of human cell-based salivary regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew C Walb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Chitra P Emperumal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jianning Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rajan Saini
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Isabelle M A Lombaert
- Biointerfaces Institute, School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joaquin Garcia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jeffrey R Janus
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nagarajan Kannan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Aparici Herraiz I, Caires HR, Castillo-Fernández Ó, Sima N, Méndez-Mora L, Risueño RM, Sattabongkot J, Roobsoong W, Hernández-Machado A, Fernandez-Becerra C, Barrias CC, del Portillo HA. Advancing Key Gaps in the Knowledge of Plasmodium vivax Cryptic Infections Using Humanized Mouse Models and Organs-on-Chips. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:920204. [PMID: 35873153 PMCID: PMC9302440 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.920204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the most widely distributed human malaria parasite representing 36.3% of disease burden in the South-East Asia region and the most predominant species in the region of the Americas. Recent estimates indicate that 3.3 billion of people are under risk of infection with circa 7 million clinical cases reported each year. This burden is certainly underestimated as the vast majority of chronic infections are asymptomatic. For centuries, it has been widely accepted that the only source of cryptic parasites is the liver dormant stages known as hypnozoites. However, recent evidence indicates that niches outside the liver, in particular in the spleen and the bone marrow, can represent a major source of cryptic chronic erythrocytic infections. The origin of such chronic infections is highly controversial as many key knowledge gaps remain unanswered. Yet, as parasites in these niches seem to be sheltered from immune response and antimalarial drugs, research on this area should be reinforced if elimination of malaria is to be achieved. Due to ethical and technical considerations, working with the liver, bone marrow and spleen from natural infections is very difficult. Recent advances in the development of humanized mouse models and organs-on-a-chip models, offer novel technological frontiers to study human diseases, vaccine validation and drug discovery. Here, we review current data of these frontier technologies in malaria, highlighting major challenges ahead to study P. vivax cryptic niches, which perpetuate transmission and burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Aparici Herraiz
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Hugo R. Caires
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Óscar Castillo-Fernández
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Sima
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Méndez-Mora
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth M. Risueño
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanlapa Roobsoong
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aurora Hernández-Machado
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernandez-Becerra
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina C. Barrias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hernando A. del Portillo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Hernando A. del Portillo,
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80
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Sodji QH, Nambiar DK, Viswanathan V, von Eyben R, Colburg D, Binkley MS, Li CG, Olcina MM, Chang DT, Le QT, Giaccia AJ. The Combination of Radiotherapy and Complement C3a Inhibition Potentiates Natural Killer cell Functions Against Pancreatic Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:725-738. [PMID: 35937458 PMCID: PMC9354534 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, against which current immunotherapy strategies are not effective. Herein, we analyzed the immune cell composition of the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas and found that the presence of intratumoral NK cells correlates with survival. Subsequent analysis also indicated that NK cell exclusion from the microenvironment is found in a high percentage of clinical pancreatic cancers and in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. Mechanistically, NK cell exclusion is regulated in part by complement C3a and its receptor signaling. Inhibition of the C3a receptor enhances NK cell infiltration in syngeneic mouse models of pancreatic cancer resulting in tumor growth delay. However, tumor growth inhibition mediated by NK cells is not sufficient alone for complete tumor regression, but is potentiated when combined with radiation therapy. Our findings indicate that although C3a inhibition is a promising approach to enhance NK cell-based immunotherapy against pancreatic cancer, its combination with radiation therapy hold greater therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaovi H. Sodji
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Corresponding Authors: Amato J. Giaccia, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, CCSR South Room 1255, Stanford CA, 94305-5152. Phone: 650-723-7311; E-mail: ; . Quaovi H. Sodji, Department of Radiation Oncology, 875 Blake Wilbur Dr. Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94305-5847. Phone: 650-723-7311; E-mail:
| | - Dhanya K. Nambiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Vignesh Viswanathan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Rie von Eyben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Deana Colburg
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Michael S. Binkley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Caiyun G. Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Monica M. Olcina
- MRC/CRUK Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology and Gray Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel T. Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Amato J. Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- MRC/CRUK Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology and Gray Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Corresponding Authors: Amato J. Giaccia, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, CCSR South Room 1255, Stanford CA, 94305-5152. Phone: 650-723-7311; E-mail: ; . Quaovi H. Sodji, Department of Radiation Oncology, 875 Blake Wilbur Dr. Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94305-5847. Phone: 650-723-7311; E-mail:
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81
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Wu CR, Kim HJ, Sun CP, Chung CY, Lin YY, Tao MH, Kim JH, Chen DS, Chen PJ. Mapping the conformational epitope of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody against HBsAg by in vivo selection of HBV escape variants. Hepatology 2022; 76:207-219. [PMID: 34957587 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) has been routinely applied in the liver transplantation setting to block HBV reinfection of grafts. However, new monoclonal anti-HBV surface antibodies have been developed to replace HBIG. The epitopes of such monoclonal antibodies may affect the emergence of escape variants and deserve study. APPROACH AND RESULTS The conformational epitope of sLenvervimab, a surrogate form of Lenvervimab, which is a monoclonal anti-HBsAg antibody currently under phase 3 trial, was investigated by selecting escape mutants from a human liver chimeric mouse. HBV-infected chimeric mice treated with sLenvervimab monotherapy showed an initial decline in circulating HBsAg levels, followed by a quick rebound in 1 month. Sequencing of circulating or liver HBV DNA revealed emerging variants, with replacement of amino acid E164 or T140, two residues widely separated in HBsAg. E164 HBV variants strongly resisted sLenvervimab neutralization in cell culture infection, and the T140 variant moderately resisted sLenvervimab neutralization. Natural HBV variants with amino-acid replacements adjacent to E164 were constructed and examined for sLenvervimab neutralization effects. Variants with K160 replacement also resisted neutralization. These data revealed the conformational epitope of sLenvervimab. CONCLUSIONS Selection of antibody-escape HBV variants in human chimeric mice works efficiently. Analysis of such emerging variants helps to identify anchor amino-acid residues of the conformational epitope that are difficult to discover by conventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ru Wu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin-Si, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Cheng-Pu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chen-Yen Chung
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - You-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Jung-Hwan Kim
- Mogam Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin-Si, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
| | - Ding-Shinn Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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82
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Kleinmanns K, Gullaksen SE, Bredholt G, Davidson B, Torkildsen CF, Grindheim S, Bjørge L, McCormack E. Humanized Ovarian Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts for Improved Preclinical Evaluation of Immunotherapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3092. [PMID: 35804867 PMCID: PMC9265069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) has poor prognosis and new treatment modalities are needed. Immunotherapy, with checkpoint inhibitors, have demonstrated limited impact. To evaluate the suitability for immunotherapeutics, contextualized preclinical models are required to secure meaningful clinical translation. Therefore, we developed and characterized humanized patient-derived xenograft (hu PDX) murine models of HGSOC, which were established by orthotopic implantation of tumor cell suspensions and intravenous injection of CD34+ cells isolated from umbilical cord blood samples. The developing human immune system in NSG and NSGS mice was followed longitudinally by flow cytometry and characterized by mass cytometry with a panel of 34 surface markers. Molecular imaging of tumor burden, survival analysis, and characterization of tumor-infiltrating immune cells was performed to assess the treatment response to anti-PD-1 (nivolumab) monotherapy. Successful generation of hu PDX models was achieved. Mice treated with nivolumab showed a decrease in tumor burden, however no significant survival benefit was identified when compared to untreated controls. No correlation was seen between PD-L1 expression and CD8 T cell infiltration and response parameters. As the characterization showed an immune infiltration of predominantly myeloid cells, similar to what is observed in HGSOC patients, the models may have the potential to evaluate the importance of myeloid cell immunomodulation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kleinmanns
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (S.-E.G.); (G.B.); (C.F.T.); (S.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Stein-Erik Gullaksen
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (S.-E.G.); (G.B.); (C.F.T.); (S.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Geir Bredholt
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (S.-E.G.); (G.B.); (C.F.T.); (S.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway;
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie Fredvik Torkildsen
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (S.-E.G.); (G.B.); (C.F.T.); (S.G.); (L.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Sindre Grindheim
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (S.-E.G.); (G.B.); (C.F.T.); (S.G.); (L.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Bjørge
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (S.-E.G.); (G.B.); (C.F.T.); (S.G.); (L.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (S.-E.G.); (G.B.); (C.F.T.); (S.G.); (L.B.)
- Vivarium, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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83
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Jiang Z, Cheng L, Wu Z, Zhou L, Wang H, Hong Q, Wu Q, Long Y, Huang Y, Xu G, Yao Y, Tang Z, Zhang Z, Yang L, Luo W, Yang J, Gong L, Liu P, Chen X, Cui S, Zhang Q, Li Y, Li P. Transforming primary human hepatocytes into hepatocellular carcinoma with genetically defined factors. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54275. [PMID: 35437924 PMCID: PMC9171684 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and progression has been hampered by the lack of in vivo models. We performed a genetic screen of 10 oncogenes and genetic mutations in Fah-ablated immunodeficient mice in which primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) are used to reconstitute a functional human liver. We identified that MYC, TP53R249S , and KRASG12D are highly expressed in induced HCC (iHCC) samples. The overexpression of MYC and TP53R249S transform PHHs into iHCC in situ, though the addition of KRASG12D significantly increases the tumorigenic efficiency. iHCC, which recapitulate the histological architecture and gene expression characteristics of clinical HCC samples, reconstituted HCC after serial transplantations. Transcriptomic analysis of iHCC and PHHs showed that MUC1 and FAP are expressed in iHCC but not in normal livers. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells against these two surface markers efficiently lyse iHCC cells. The properties of iHCC model provide a biological basis for several clinical hallmarks of HCC, and iHCC may serve as a model to study HCC initiation and to identify diagnostic biomarkers and targets for cellular immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Jiang
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory) Guangzhou China
| | - Zhiping Wu
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Linfu Zhou
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Cancer Center Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Macau China
| | - Qilan Hong
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory) Guangzhou China
| | - Qiting Wu
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Youguo Long
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Yunlin Huang
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Gaoqi Xu
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory) Guangzhou China
| | - Yao Yao
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | | | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Nutrition Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food School of Public Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Wei Luo
- Clinical Research Institute The First People's Hospital of Foshan Foshan Guangdong China
| | - Jie Yang
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital Panyu, Guangzhou China
| | - Likun Gong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhang Jiang Hi‐Tech Park Shanghai China
| | - Pentao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell, and Regenerative Medicine Consortium Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Xinwen Chen
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Shuzhong Cui
- Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yinxiong Li
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Peng Li
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory) Guangzhou China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation Chinese Academy of Sciences Hong Kong China
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84
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Stenberg VY, Tornes AJK, Nilsen HR, Revheim ME, Bruland ØS, Larsen RH, Juzeniene A. Factors Influencing the Therapeutic Efficacy of the PSMA Targeting Radioligand 212Pb-NG001. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112784. [PMID: 35681766 PMCID: PMC9179904 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a protein overexpressed in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and a promising target for targeted radionuclide therapy. PSMA-targeted alpha therapy is of growing interest due to the high-emission energy and short range of alpha particles, resulting in a prominent cytotoxic potency. This study assesses the influence of various factors on the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficacy of the alpha particle generating PSMA-targeting radioligand 212Pb-NG001. Abstract This study aimed to determine the influence of cellular PSMA expression, radioligand binding and internalization, and repeated administrations on the therapeutic effects of the PSMA-targeting radioligand 212Pb-NG001. Cellular binding and internalization, cytotoxicity, biodistribution, and the therapeutic efficacy of 212Pb-NG001 were investigated in two human prostate cancer cell lines with different PSMA levels: C4-2 (PSMA+) and PC-3 PIP (PSMA+++). Despite 10-fold higher PSMA expression on PC-3 PIP cells, cytotoxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the radioligand was only 1.8-fold better than for the C4-2 model, possibly explained by lower cellular internalization and less blood-rich stroma in PC-3 PIP xenografts. Mice bearing subcutaneous PC-3 PIP xenografts were treated with 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 MBq of 212Pb-NG001 that resulted in therapeutic indexes of 2.7, 3.0, and 3.5, respectively. A significant increase in treatment response was observed in mice that received repeated injections compared to the corresponding single dose (therapeutic indexes of 3.6 for 2 × 0.2 MBq and 4.4 for 2 × 0.4 MBq). The results indicate that 212Pb-NG001 can induce therapeutic effects at clinically transferrable doses, both in the C4-2 model that resembles solid tumors and micrometastases with natural PSMA expression and in the PC-3 PIP model that mimics poorly vascularized metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilde Yuli Stenberg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (A.J.K.T.); (A.J.)
- Nucligen AS, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (M.-E.R.); (Ø.S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-9012-8434
| | - Anna Julie Kjøl Tornes
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (A.J.K.T.); (A.J.)
- Nucligen AS, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (M.-E.R.); (Ø.S.B.)
| | - Hogne Røed Nilsen
- Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Mona-Elisabeth Revheim
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (M.-E.R.); (Ø.S.B.)
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Sverre Bruland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (M.-E.R.); (Ø.S.B.)
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Asta Juzeniene
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (A.J.K.T.); (A.J.)
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85
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Development and characterization of a humanized mouse model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:875-885. [PMID: 35307533 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.02.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In light of the role of immune cells in OA pathogenesis, the development of sophisticated animal models closely mimicking the immune dysregulation during the disease development and progression could be instrumental for the preclinical evaluation of novel treatments. Among these models, immunologically humanized mice may represent a relevant system, particularly for testing immune-interacting DMOADs or cell therapies before their transfer to the clinic. Our objective, therefore, was to develop an experimental model of OA by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in humanized mice. METHOD Irradiated 5-week-old NOD/LtSz-scid IL2Rγnull (NSG) mice were humanized by intravenous injection of CD34+ human hematopoietic stem cells. The engraftment efficiency was evaluated by flow cytometry 17 weeks after the humanization procedure. Humanized and non-humanized NSG mice underwent DMM or sham surgery and OA development was assessed 1, 6, and 12 weeks after the surgery. RESULTS 120 days after the humanization, human T and B lymphocytes, macrophages and NK cells, were present in the blood and spleen of the humanized NSG mice. The DMM surgery induced articular cartilage and meniscal alterations associated with an increase in OA and the meniscal score. Moreover, the surgery triggered an inflammatory response that was sustained at a low grade in the DMM group. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows for the first time the feasibility of inducing OA by DMM in humanized mice. This novel OA model could constitute a useful tool to bridge the gap between the preclinical and clinical evaluation of immune interacting DMOADs and cell-based therapies.
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Lahr CA, Landgraf M, Wagner F, Cipitria A, Moreno-Jiménez I, Bas O, Schmutz B, Meinert C, Cavalcanti ADS, Mashimo T, Miyasaka Y, Holzapfel BM, Shafiee A, McGovern JA, Hutmacher DW. A humanised rat model of osteosarcoma reveals ultrastructural differences between bone and mineralised tumour tissue. Bone 2022; 158:116018. [PMID: 34023543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current xenograft animal models fail to accurately replicate the complexity of human bone disease. To gain translatable and clinically valuable data from animal models, new in vivo models need to be developed that mimic pivotal aspects of human bone physiology as well as its diseased state. Above all, an advanced bone disease model should promote the development of new treatment strategies and facilitate the conduction of common clinical interventional procedures. Here we describe the development and characterisation of an orthotopic humanised tissue-engineered osteosarcoma (OS) model in a recently genetically engineered x-linked severe combined immunodeficient (X-SCID) rat. For the first time in a genetically modified rat, our results show the successful implementation of an orthotopic humanised tissue-engineered bone niche supporting the growth of a human OS cell line including its metastatic spread to the lung. Moreover, we studied the inter- and intraspecies differences in ultrastructural composition of bone and calcified tissue produced by the tumour, pointing to the crucial role of humanised animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A Lahr
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Musculoskeletal University Centre Munich, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Munich, LMU, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marietta Landgraf
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Ferdinand Wagner
- Musculoskeletal University Centre Munich, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Munich, LMU, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Amaia Cipitria
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Inés Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Onur Bas
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; ARC Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Beat Schmutz
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Jamieson Trauma Institute, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Christoph Meinert
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Amanda Dos Santos Cavalcanti
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Division of Animal Genetics, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miyasaka
- Laboratory of Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Boris M Holzapfel
- Musculoskeletal University Centre Munich, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Munich, LMU, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
| | - Jacqui A McGovern
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Centre in Transformative Biomimetics in Bioengineering, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; ARC Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
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87
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Poggi A, Zocchi MR. Anti-cancer γδ T lymphocytes: contradictory past and promising future. EXPLORATION OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022:220-228. [DOI: 10.37349/ei.2022.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Recent anti-cancer strategies are based on the stimulation of anti-tumor immune reaction, exploiting distinct lymphocyte subsets. Among them, γδ T cells represent optimal anti-cancer candidates, especially in those tissues where they are highly localized, such as the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract. One important challenge has been the identification of stimulating drugs able to induce and maintain γδ T cell-mediated anti-cancer immune response. Amino-bisphosphonates (N-BPs) have been largely employed in anti-cancer clinical trials due to their ability to upregulate the accumulation of pyrophosphates that promote the activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. This activation depends on the butyrophilin A family, which is crucial in contributing to Vγ9Vδ2 T cells stimulation but is not equally expressed in all cancer tissues. Thus, the clinical outcome of such treatments is still a challenge. In this viewpoint, a critical picture of γδ T cells as effective anti-cancer effectors is designed, with a specific focus on the best immune-stimulating therapeutic schemes involving this lymphocyte subset and the tools available to measure their efficacy and presence in tumor tissues. Some pre-clinical models, useful to measure γδ T cell anti-cancer potential and their response to stimulating drugs, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, or bispecific antibodies are described. Computerized imaging and digital pathology are also proposed as a help in the identification of co-stimulatory molecules and localization of γδ T cell effectors. Finally, two types of novel drug preparation are proposed: nanoparticles loaded with N-BPs and pro-drug formulations that enhance the effectiveness of γδ T lymphocyte stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Zocchi
- Department of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
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88
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Sahu U, Barth RF, Otani Y, McCormack R, Kaur B. Rat and Mouse Brain Tumor Models for Experimental Neuro-Oncology Research. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:312-329. [PMID: 35446393 PMCID: PMC9113334 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodent brain tumor models have been useful for developing effective therapies for glioblastomas (GBMs). In this review, we first discuss the 3 most commonly used rat brain tumor models, the C6, 9L, and F98 gliomas, which are all induced by repeated injections of nitrosourea to adult rats. The C6 glioma arose in an outbred Wistar rat and its potential to evoke an alloimmune response is a serious limitation. The 9L gliosarcoma arose in a Fischer rat and is strongly immunogenic, which must be taken into consideration when using it for therapy studies. The F98 glioma may be the best of the 3 but it does not fully recapitulate human GBMs because it is weakly immunogenic. Next, we discuss a number of mouse models. The first are human patient-derived xenograft gliomas in immunodeficient mice. These have failed to reproduce the tumor-host interactions and microenvironment of human GBMs. Genetically engineered mouse models recapitulate the molecular alterations of GBMs in an immunocompetent environment and “humanized” mouse models repopulate with human immune cells. While the latter are rarely isogenic, expensive to produce, and challenging to use, they represent an important advance. The advantages and limitations of each of these brain tumor models are discussed. This information will assist investigators in selecting the most appropriate model for the specific focus of their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Sahu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rolf F Barth
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Otani
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan McCormack
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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89
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Teng L, Shen L, Zhao W, Wang C, Feng S, Wang Y, Bi Y, Rong S, Shushakova N, Haller H, Chen J, Jiang H. SLAMF8 Participates in Acute Renal Transplant Rejection via TLR4 Pathway on Pro-Inflammatory Macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:846695. [PMID: 35432371 PMCID: PMC9012444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute rejection (AR) in kidney transplantation is an established risk factor that reduces the survival rate of allografts. Despite standard immunosuppression, molecules with regulatory control in the immune pathway of AR can be used as important targets for therapeutic operations to prevent rejection. Methods We downloaded the microarray data of 15 AR patients and 37 non-acute rejection (NAR) patients from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene network was constructed, and genes were classified into different modules using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Cytoscape were applied for the hub genes in the most related module to AR. Different cell types were explored by xCell online database and single-cell RNA sequencing. We also validated the SLAMF8 and TLR4 levels in Raw264.7 and human kidney tissues of TCMR. Results A total of 1,561 differentially expressed genes were filtered. WGCNA was constructed, and genes were classified into 12 modules. Among them, the green module was most closely associated with AR. These genes were significantly enriched in 20 pathway terms, such as cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, and other important regulatory processes. Intersection with GS > 0.4, MM > 0.9, the top 10 MCC values and DEGs in the green module, and six hub genes (DOCK2, NCKAP1L, IL2RG, SLAMF8, CD180, and PTPRE) were identified. Their expression levels were all confirmed to be significantly elevated in AR patients in GEO, Nephroseq, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that AR patient had a higher percentage of native T, CD1C+_B DC, NKT, NK, and monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Xcell enrichment scores of 20 cell types were significantly different (p<0.01), mostly immune cells, such as B cells, CD4+ Tem, CD8+ T cells, CD8+ Tcm, macrophages, M1, and monocytes. GSEA suggests that highly expressed six hub genes are correlated with allograft rejection, interferon γ response, interferon α response, and inflammatory response. In addition, SLAMF8 is highly expressed in human kidney tissues of TCMR and in M1 phenotype macrophages of Raw264.7 cell line WGCNA accompanied by high expression of TLR4. Conclusion This study demonstrates six hub genes and functionally enriched pathways related to AR. SLAMF8 is involved in the M1 macrophages via TLR4, which contributed to AR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Teng
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Shen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuili Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi Feng
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Rong
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nelli Shushakova
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Jiang,
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90
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Liu J, Yao L, Huang S, Wang B, Li L, Li L, Gu W, Xiao S, Liu G. AMG487 inhibits PRRSV replication and ameliorates lung injury in pig lung xenografts by down-regulating the expression of ANXA2. Antiviral Res 2022; 202:105314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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91
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Ramezankhani R, Solhi R, Chai YC, Vosough M, Verfaillie C. Organoid and microfluidics-based platforms for drug screening in COVID-19. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1062-1076. [PMID: 34954328 PMCID: PMC8695520 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Proposing efficient prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) requires precise knowledge of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis. An array of platforms, including organoids and microfluidic devices, have provided a basis for studies of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we summarize available models as well as novel drug screening approaches, from simple to more advanced platforms. Notably, organoids and microfluidic devices offer promising perspectives for the clinical translation of basic science, such as screening therapeutics candidates. Overall, modifying these advanced micro and macro 3D platforms for disease modeling and combining them with recent advances in drug screening has significant potential for the discovery of novel potent drugs against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Ramezankhani
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Basic Science and Advanced Medical Technologies, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Solhi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yoke Chin Chai
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Basic Science and Advanced Medical Technologies, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Catherine Verfaillie
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
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92
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Efficient targeted transgenesis of large donor DNA into multiple mouse genetic backgrounds using bacteriophage Bxb1 integrase. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5424. [PMID: 35361849 PMCID: PMC8971409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of mouse models of human disease and synthetic biology research by targeted transgenesis of large DNA constructs represent a significant genetic engineering hurdle. We developed an efficient, precise, single-copy integration of large transgenes directly into zygotes using multiple mouse genetic backgrounds. We used in vivo Bxb1 mediated recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) with a transgene “landing pad” composed of dual heterologous Bxb1 attachment (att) sites in cis, within the Gt(ROSA)26Sor safe harbor locus. RMCE of donor was achieved by microinjection of vector DNA carrying cognate attachment sites flanking the donor transgene with Bxb1-integrase mRNA. This approach achieves perfect vector-free integration of donor constructs at efficiencies > 40% with up to ~ 43 kb transgenes. Coupled with a nanopore-based Cas9-targeted sequencing (nCATS), complete verification of precise insertion sequence was achieved. As a proof-of-concept we describe the development of C57BL/6J and NSG Krt18-ACE2 models for SARS-CoV2 research with verified heterozygous N1 animals within ~ 4 months. Additionally, we created a series of mice with diverse backgrounds carrying a single att site including FVB/NJ, PWK/PhJ, NOD/ShiLtJ, CAST/EiJ and DBA/2J allowing for rapid transgene insertion. Combined, this system enables predictable, rapid development with simplified characterization of precisely targeted transgenic animals across multiple genetic backgrounds.
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93
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Enhancement of CD70-specific CAR T treatment by IFN-γ released from oHSV-1-infected glioblastoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2433-2448. [PMID: 35249119 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Even with progressive combination treatments, the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains extremely poor. OV is one of the new promising therapeutic strategies to treat human GBM. OVs stimulate immune cells to release cytokines such as IFN-γ during oncolysis, further improve tumor microenvironment (TME) and enhance therapeutic efficacy. IFN-γ plays vital role in the apoptosis of tumor cells and recruitment of tumor-infiltrating T cells. We hypothesized that oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (oHSV-1) enhanced the antitumor efficacy of novel CD70-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells by T cell infiltration and IFN-γ release. In this study, oHSV-1 has the potential to stimulate IFN-γ secretion of tumor cells rather than T cell secretion and lead to an increase of T cell activity, as well as CD70-specific CAR T cells can specifically recognize and kill tumor cells in vitro. Specifically, combinational therapy with CD70-specific CAR T and oHSV-1 promotes tumor degradation by enhancing pro-inflammatory circumstances and reducing anti-inflammatory factors in vitro. More importantly, combined therapy generated potent antitumor efficacy, increased the proportion of T cells and natural killer cells in TME, and reduced regulatory T cells and transformed growth factor-β1 expression in orthotopic xenotransplanted animal model of GBM. In summary, we reveal that oHSV-1 enhance the therapeutic efficacy of CD70-spefific CAR T cells by intratumoral T cell infiltration and IFN-γ release, supporting the use of CAR T therapy in GBM therapeutic strategies.
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Protocol for chronic hepatitis B virus infection mouse model development by patient-derived orthotopic xenografts. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264266. [PMID: 35196351 PMCID: PMC8865695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background According to the World Health Organization, more than 250 million people worldwide are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus, and almost 800.000 patients die annually of mediated liver disorders. Therefore, adequate biological test systems are needed that could fully simulate the course of chronic hepatitis B virus infection, including in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods In this study, we will assess the effectiveness of existing protocols for isolation and cultivation of primary cells derived from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in terms of the yield of viable cells and their ability to replicate the hepatitis B virus using isolation and cultivation methods for adhesive primary cells, flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Another part of our study will be devoted to evaluating the effectiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma grafting methods to obtain patient-derived heterotopic and orthotopic xenograft mouse avatars using animal X-ray irradiation and surgery procedures and in vivo fluorescent signals visualization and measurements. Our study will be completed by histological methods. Discussion This will be the first extensive comparative study of the main modern methods and protocols for isolation and cultivation primary hepatocellular carcinoma cells and tumor engraftment to the mice. All protocols will be optimized and characterized using the: (1) efficiency of the method for isolation cells from removed hepatocellular carcinoma in terms of their quantity and viability; (2) efficiency of the primary cell cultivation protocol in terms of the rate of monolayer formation and hepatitis B virus replication; (3) efficiency of the grafting method in terms of the growth rate and the possibility of hepatitis B virus persistence and replication in mice. The most effective methods will be recommended for use in translational biomedical research.
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95
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Yu Y, Wan Z, Wang JH, Yang X, Zhang C. Review of human pegivirus: Prevalence, transmission, pathogenesis, and clinical implication. Virulence 2022; 13:324-341. [PMID: 35132924 PMCID: PMC8837232 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2029328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pegivirus (HPgV-1), previously known as GB virus C (GBV-C) or hepatitis G virus (HGV), is a single-stranded positive RNA virus belonging to the genus Pegivirus of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted by percutaneous injuries (PIs), contaminated blood and/or blood products, sexual contact, and vertical mother-to-child transmission. It is widely prevalent in general population, especially in high-risk groups. HPgV-1 viremia is typically cleared within the first 1–2 years of infection in most healthy individuals, but may persist for longer periods of time in immunocompromised individuals and/or those co-infected by other viruses. A large body of evidences indicate that HPgV-1 persistent infection has a beneficial clinical effect on many infectious diseases, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hepatitis C. The beneficial effects seem to be related to a significant reduction of immune activation, and/or the inhabitation of co-infected viruses (e.g. HIV-1). HPgV-1 has a broad cellular tropism for lymphoid and myeloid cells, and preferentially replicates in bone marrow and spleen without cytopathic effect, implying a therapeutic potential. The paper aims to summarize the natural history, prevalence and distribution characteristics, and pathogenesis of HPgV-1, and discuss its association with other human viral diseases, and potential use in therapy as a biovaccine or viral vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhou Wan
- Medical Laboratory of Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianguang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chiyu Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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96
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Nishimoto KP, Barca T, Azameera A, Makkouk A, Romero JM, Bai L, Brodey MM, Kennedy‐Wilde J, Shao H, Papaioannou S, Doan A, Masri C, Hoang NT, Tessman H, Ramanathan VD, Giner‐Rubio A, Delfino F, Sharma K, Bray K, Hoopes M, Satpayev D, Sengupta R, Herrman M, Abbot SE, Aftab BT, An Z, Panuganti S, Hayes SM. Allogeneic CD20-targeted γδ T cells exhibit innate and adaptive antitumor activities in preclinical B-cell lymphoma models. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1373. [PMID: 35136603 PMCID: PMC8809437 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) αβ T-cell therapies have demonstrated remarkable antitumor efficacy in patients with haematological malignancies; however, not all eligible cancer patients receive clinical benefit. Emerging strategies to improve patient access and clinical responses include using premanufactured products from healthy donors and alternative cytotoxic effectors possessing intrinsic tumoricidal activity as sources of CAR cell therapies. γδ T cells, which combine innate and adaptive mechanisms to recognise and kill malignant cells, are an attractive candidate platform for allogeneic CAR T-cell therapy. Here, we evaluated the manufacturability and functionality of allogeneic peripheral blood-derived CAR+ Vδ1 γδ T cells expressing a second-generation CAR targeting the B-cell-restricted CD20 antigen. METHODS Donor-derived Vδ1 γδ T cells from peripheral blood were ex vivo-activated, expanded and engineered to express a novel anti-CD20 CAR. In vitro and in vivo assays were used to evaluate CAR-dependent and CAR-independent antitumor activities of CD20 CAR+ Vδ1 γδ T cells against B-cell tumors. RESULTS Anti-CD20 CAR+ Vδ1 γδ T cells exhibited innate and adaptive antitumor activities, such as in vitro tumor cell killing and proinflammatory cytokine production, in addition to in vivo tumor growth inhibition of B-cell lymphoma xenografts in immunodeficient mice. Furthermore, CD20 CAR+ Vδ1 γδ T cells did not induce xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease in immunodeficient mice. CONCLUSION These preclinical data support the clinical evaluation of ADI-001, an allogeneic CD20 CAR+ Vδ1 γδ T cell, and a phase 1 study has been initiated in patients with B-cell malignancies (NCT04735471).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lu Bai
- Adicet Bio, Inc.Menlo ParkCAUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Bray
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.TarrytownNYUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zili An
- Adicet Bio, Inc.Menlo ParkCAUSA
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97
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Kamatani T, Otsuka R, Murata T, Wada H, Takahashi T, Mori A, Murata S, Taniguchi H, Seino KI. Evaluation of immunosuppression protocols for MHC-matched allogeneic iPS cell-based transplantation using a mouse skin transplantation model. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:4. [PMID: 35105370 PMCID: PMC8809003 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Off-the-shelf major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched iPS cells (iPSC) can potentially initiate host immune responses because of the existence of numerous minor antigens. To suppress allo-immune responses, combination of immunosuppressants is usually used, but its efficacy to the allogeneic iPSC-based transplantation has not been precisely evaluated. METHODS Three transplantation models were used in this study; MHC-matched, minor antigen-mismatched mouse skin or iPSC-graft transplantation, and fully allogeneic human iPSC-derived liver organoid transplantation in immune-humanized mice. The recipients were treated with triple drugs combination (TDC; tacrolimus, methylprednisolone, and mycophenolate mofetil) or co-stimulatory molecule blockade (CB) therapy with some modifications. Graft survival as well as anti-donor T and B cell responses was analyzed. RESULTS In the mouse skin transplantation model, immunological rejection caused by the minor antigen-mismatch ranged from mild to severe according to the donor-recipient combination. The TDC treatment could apparently control the mild skin graft rejection when combined with a transient T cell depletion, but unexpected anti-donor T or B cell response was observed. On the other hand, CB therapy, particularly when combined with rapamycin treatment, was capable of attenuating both mild and severe skin graft rejection and allowing them to survive long-term without any unfavorable anti-donor immune responses. The efficacy of the CB therapy was confirmed in both mouse and human iPSC-derived graft transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the CB-based treatment seems suitable to well manage the MHC-matched allogeneic iPSC-based transplantation. The TDC-based treatment may be also used to suppress the rejection, but screening of its severity prior to the transplantation seems to be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kamatani
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Ryo Otsuka
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Tomoki Murata
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takahashi
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mori
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Soichiro Murata
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan.
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98
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Pagovich OE, Stiles KM, Camilleri AE, Russo AR, Nag S, Crystal RG. Gene therapy in a murine model of chronic eosinophilic leukemia-not otherwise specified (CEL-NOS). Leukemia 2022; 36:525-531. [PMID: 34545183 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic eosinophilic leukemia-not otherwise specified (CEL-NOS) is a rare, aggressive, fatal disease characterized by blood eosinophilia and dysfunction of organs infiltrated with eosinophils. Clinically, the disease manifests with weight loss, cough, weakness, diarrhea, and multi-organ dysfunction that is unresponsive to therapy. We developed a one-time gene therapy for CEL-NOS using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing an anti-eosinophil monoclonal antibody (AAVrh.10mAnti-Eos) to provide sustained suppression of eosinophil numbers in blood, thus reducing eosinophil tissue invasion and organ dysfunction. A novel CEL-NOS model was developed in NOD-scid IL2rγnull (NSG) mice by administration of AAV expressing the cytokine IL5 (AAVrh.10mIL5), resulting in marked peripheral and tissue eosinophilia of the heart, lung, liver, and spleen, and eventually death. Mice were administered AAVrh.10mAnti-Eos (1011 genome copies) 4 wk after administration of AAVrh.10mIL5 and evaluated for anti-eosinophil antibody expression, blood eosinophil counts, organ eosinophil invasion, and survival. AAVrh.10mAnti-Eos expressed persistent levels of the anti-eosinophil antibody for >24 wk. Strikingly, CEL-NOS treated mice had markedly lower blood eosinophil levels and reduced mortality when compared with control treated mice. These results suggest that a single treatment with AAVrh.10mAnti-Eos has the potential to provide substantial therapeutic benefit to patients with CEL-NOS, a fatal malignant disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odelya E Pagovich
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katie M Stiles
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna E Camilleri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony R Russo
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saparja Nag
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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99
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Milling LE, Garafola D, Agarwal Y, Wu S, Thomas A, Donahue N, Adams J, Thai N, Suh H, Irvine DJ. Neoadjuvant STING Activation, Extended Half-life IL2, and Checkpoint Blockade Promote Metastasis Clearance via Sustained NK-cell Activation. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:26-39. [PMID: 34686488 PMCID: PMC8732307 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Combination immunotherapy treatments that recruit both innate and adaptive immunity have the potential to increase cancer response rates by engaging a more complete repertoire of effector mechanisms. Here, we combined intratumoral STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING) agonist therapy with systemically injected extended half-life IL2 and anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade (hereafter CIP therapy) to drive innate and adaptive antitumor immunity in models of triple-negative breast cancer. Unlike treatment with the individual components, this trivalent immunotherapy halted primary tumor progression and led to long-term remission for a majority of animals in two spontaneously metastasizing orthotopic breast tumor models, though only as a neoadjuvant therapy but not adjuvant therapy. CIP therapy induced antitumor T-cell responses, but protection from metastatic relapse depended on natural killer (NK) cells. The combination of STING agonists with IL2/anti-PD-1 synergized to stimulate sustained granzyme and cytokine expression by lung-infiltrating NK cells. Type I IFNs generated as a result of STING agonism, combined with IL2, acted in a positive-feedback loop by enhancing the expression of IFNAR-1 and CD25 on lung NK cells. These results suggest that NK cells can be therapeutically targeted to effectively eliminate tumor metastases.See related Spotlight by Demaria, p. 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Milling
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Garafola
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shengwei Wu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ayush Thomas
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nathan Donahue
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Josetta Adams
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nikki Thai
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Heikyung Suh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
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100
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Tung JP, Chiaretti S, Dean MM, Sultana AJ, Reade MC, Fung YL. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI): Potential pathways of development, strategies for prevention and treatment, and future research directions. Blood Rev 2022; 53:100926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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