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Stabilization of P/CAF, as a ubiquitin ligase toward MDM2, suppresses mitotic cell death through p53-p21 activation in HCT116 cells with SIRT2 suppression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 508:230-236. [PMID: 30482390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that the suppression of SIRT2, an NAD + -dependent protein deacetylases, induces p53 accumulation via degradation of p300 and the subsequent MDM2 degradation, eventually leading to apoptosis in HeLa cells. The present study identified a novel pathway of p53 accumulation by SIRT2 suppression in HCT116(p53+/+) cells in which SIRT2 suppression led to escape from mitotic cell death caused by spindle assembly checkpoint activation induced by microtubule inhibitors such as nocodazole but not apoptosis or G1 or G2 arrest. We found that SIRT2 interacts with P/CAF, a histone acetyltransferase, which also acts as a ubiquitin ligase against MDM2. SIRT2 suppression led to an increase of P/CAF acetylation and its stabilization followed by a decrease in MDM2 and activation of the p53-p21 pathway. Depression of mitotic cell death in HCT116(p53+/+) cells with SIRT2 suppression was released by suppression of P/CAF or p21. Thus, the P/CAF-MDM2-p53-p21 axis enables the escape from mitotic cell death and confers resistance to nocodazole in HCT116(p53+/+) cells with SIRT2 suppression. As SIRT2 has attracted attention as a potential target for cancer therapeutics for p53 regulation, the present study provides a molecular basis for the efficacy of SIRT2 for future cancer therapy based on p53 regulation. These findings also suggest an undesirable function of the SIRT2 suppression associated with activation of the p53-p21 pathway in the suppression of mitotic cell death caused by spindle assembly checkpoint activation.
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Gao T, Hu Q, Hu X, Lei Q, Feng Z, Yu X, Peng C, Song X, He H, Xu Y, Zuo W, Zeng J, Liu Z, Yu L. Novel selective TOPK inhibitor SKLB-C05 inhibits colorectal carcinoma growth and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2018; 445:11-23. [PMID: 30590102 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway member T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase/PDZ-binding kinase (TOPK/PBK) is closely involved in tumorigenesis and progression. Its overexpression in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) exacerbates tumor malignancy, promotes metastasis and results in dismal prognosis. Therefore, targeting TOPK is a promising approach for CRC therapy. Here, we report the development of a TOPK selective inhibitor SKLB-C05, with subnanomolar inhibitory potency. In vitro, SKLB-C05 exhibited excellent cytotoxicity and anti-migration and invasion activity on TOPK high-expressing CRC cells and induced cell apoptosis. These activities could attribute to its inhibition of TOPK downstream signaling including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1, 2, and 3 (JNK1/2/3), as well as downregulation of FAK/Src- MMP signaling. Furthermore, SKLB-C05 disrupted cell mitosis and blocked CRC cell cycle. In vivo, oral administration of SKLB-C05 at concentrations of 20 and 10 mg kg-1·day-1 dramatically attenuated CRC tumor xenograft growth and completely suppressed hepatic metastasis of HCT116 cells, respectively. Thus, these findings suggest that SKLB-C05 is a specific TOPK inhibitor with potent anti-CRC oncogenic activity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17 #3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Quanfang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17 #3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17 #3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qian Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17 #3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhanzhan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17 #3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Cuiting Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuejiao Song
- Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hualong He
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17 #3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weiqiong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17 #3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17 #3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17 #3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Luoting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17 #3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Natural Products to Fight Cancer: A Focus on Juglans regia. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10110469. [PMID: 30441778 PMCID: PMC6266065 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Even if cancer represents a burden for human society, an exhaustive cure has not been discovered yet. Low therapeutic index and resistance to pharmacotherapy are two of the major limits of antitumour treatments. Natural products represent an excellent library of bioactive molecules. Thus, tapping into the natural world may prove useful in identifying new therapeutic options with favourable pharmaco-toxicological profiles. Juglans regia, or common walnut, is a very resilient tree that has inhabited our planet for thousands of years. Many studies correlate walnut consumption to beneficial effects towards several chronic diseases, such as cancer, mainly due to the bioactive molecules stored in different parts of the plant. Among others, polyphenols, quinones, proteins, and essential fatty acids contribute to its pharmacologic activity. The present review aims to offer a comprehensive perspective about the antitumour potential of the most promising compounds stored in this plant, such as juglanin, juglone, and the ellagitannin-metabolites urolithins or deriving from walnut dietary intake. All molecules and a chronic intake of the fruit provide tangible anticancer effects. However, the scarcity of studies on humans does not allow results to be conclusive.
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Maiuthed A, Ninsontia C, Erlenbach-Wuensch K, Ndreshkjana B, Muenzner JK, Caliskan A, Husayn AP, Chaotham C, Hartmann A, Vial Roehe A, Mahadevan V, Chanvorachote P, Schneider-Stock R. Cytoplasmic p21 Mediates 5-Fluorouracil Resistance by Inhibiting Pro-Apoptotic Chk2. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100373. [PMID: 30304835 PMCID: PMC6210175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic cytoplasmic p21 contributes to cancer aggressiveness and chemotherapeutic failure. However, the molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we show for the first time that cytoplasmic p21 mediates 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) resistance by shuttling p-Chk2 out of the nucleus to protect the tumor cells from its pro-apoptotic functions. We observed that cytoplasmic p21 levels were up-regulated in 5FU-resistant colorectal cancer cells in vitro and the in vivo Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Kinase array analysis revealed that p-Chk2 is a key target of cytoplasmic p21. Importantly, cytoplasmic form of p21 mediated by p21T145D transfection diminished p-Chk2-mediated activation of E2F1 and apoptosis induction. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and proximity ligation assay showed that p21 forms a complex with p-Chk2 under 5FU exposure. Using in silico computer modeling, we suggest that the p21/p-Chk2 interaction hindered the nuclear localization signal of p-Chk2, and therefore, the complex is exported out of the nucleus. These findings unravel a novel mechanism regarding an oncogenic role of p21 in regulation of resistance to 5FU-based chemotherapy. We suggest a possible value of cytoplasmic p21 as a prognosis marker and a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnatchai Maiuthed
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Chuanpit Ninsontia
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Katharina Erlenbach-Wuensch
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Benardina Ndreshkjana
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Julienne K Muenzner
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Aylin Caliskan
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Ahmed P Husayn
- Institute of Bioinformatics & Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Bangalore 560100, India.
| | - Chatchai Chaotham
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Adriana Vial Roehe
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
| | | | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Song W, Thakor P, Vesey DA, Gobe GC, Morais C. Conditioned medium from stimulated macrophages inhibits growth but induces an inflammatory phenotype in breast cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:247-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Peng X, Yan B, Shen Y. MiR-1301-3p inhibits human breast cancer cell proliferation by regulating cell cycle progression and apoptosis through directly targeting ICT1. Breast Cancer 2018; 25:742-752. [PMID: 29951881 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-018-0881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MiRNAs regulate a variety of biological processes, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis and play critical roles in cancer progression. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that miR-1301-3p could regulate the development and progression of multiple cancers, but its biological behaviors in breast cancer (BC) are still elusive. METHODS The expression of miR-1301-3p was determined in BC tissues and cell lines using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The effects of miR-1301-3p on BC cell growth, proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis were also explored in vitro using MTT, colony formation and Flow cytometry assays. The potential target gene of miR-1301-3p was determined by dual-luciferase reporter assay and verified by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis. RESULTS We found the expression of miR-1301-3p was observably significantly down-regulated in BC tissues and cell lines. MiR-1301-3p expression in BC tissues was significantly associated with tumor size and clinical stage. Gain-of-function assays demonstrated that miR-1301-3p inhibited the cell growth and proliferation in breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and T-47D. Moreover, up-regulation of miR-1301-3p induced cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. Mechanistically, up-regulation of miR-1301-3p reduced the expression of CDK4, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, but elevated the expression of p21, Bad and Bax. ICT1 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-1301-3p. Furthermore, ICT1 overexpression could partially reverse the effects of miR-1301-3p on BC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our observations suggested that miR-1301-3p inhibits cell proliferation via inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through targeting ICT1, and might be a therapeutic target for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Peng
- Department of Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China.
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Adorisio S, Fierabracci A, Gigliarelli G, Muscari I, Cannarile L, Liberati AM, Marcotullio MC, Riccardi C, Curini M, Robles Zepeda RE, Delfino DV. The Hexane Fraction of Bursera microphylla A. Gray Induces p21-Mediated Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects in Human Cancer-Derived Cell Lines. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:138-147. [PMID: 29235378 PMCID: PMC5950952 DOI: 10.1177/1534735417696721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bursera microphylla (BM), one of the common elephant trees, is widely distributed in the Sonoran Desert in Mexico. The Seri ethnic group in the Sonoran Desert uses BM as an anti-inflammatory and painkiller drug for the treatment of sore throat, herpes labialis, abscessed tooth, and wound healing. Dried stems and leaves of BM are used in a tea to relieve painful urination and to stimulate bronchial secretion. Furthermore, BM is used for fighting venereal diseases. To investigate the effects of the hexane fraction of resin methanol extract (BM-H) on cell growth, the acute myeloid cell line (OCI-AML3) was treated with 250, 25, or 2.5 µg/mL of BM-H. The first 2 concentrations were able to significantly decrease OCI-AML3 cell number. This reduced cell number was associated with decreased S-phase, blockade of the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, and increased cell death. Similar results were obtained on all tested tumor cell lines of different origins. We found that blockade of the cell cycle was due to upregulation of p21 protein in a p53-independent way. Increase of p21 was possibly due to upstream upregulation of p-ERK (which stabilizes p21 protein) and downregulation of p-38 (which promotes its degradation). Regarding cell death, activation of caspase-3, but not of caspase-8 or -9, was detectable after BM-H treatment. In conclusion, these data suggest that the BM's hexane fraction inhibited proliferation of cell lines mainly by a p21-dependent, p53-independent mechanism and promoted apoptosis through activation of caspase-3, but not caspase-8 or -9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Adorisio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of
Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fierabracci
- Infettivology and Clinical Trials Area,
Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Gigliarelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Isabella Muscari
- Section of Onco-hematology, S. Maria Terni
Hospital, Department of Surgery and Medical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia,
Italy
| | - Lorenza Cannarile
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of
Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Marina Liberati
- Section of Onco-hematology, S. Maria Terni
Hospital, Department of Surgery and Medical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia,
Italy
| | | | - Carlo Riccardi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of
Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Curini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Domenico V. Delfino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of
Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Foligno Nursing School, Department of
Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Kreis NN, Friemel A, Zimmer B, Roth S, Rieger MA, Rolle U, Louwen F, Yuan J. Mitotic p21Cip1/CDKN1A is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50215-50228. [PMID: 27384476 PMCID: PMC5226578 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional protein p21Cip1/CDKN1A (p21) is an important and universal Cdk-interacting protein. Recently, we have reported that p21 is involved in the regulation of the mitotic kinase Cdk1/cyclin B1 and critical for successful mitosis and cytokinesis. In the present work we show that S130 of p21 is phosphorylated by Cdk1/cyclin B1 during mitosis, which reduces p21′s stability and binding affinity to Cdk1/cyclin B1. Interfering with this phosphorylation results in extended mitotic duration and defective chromosome segregation, indicating that this regulation ensures proper mitotic progression. Given that p53, the major transcriptional activator of p21, is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer and that deregulated Cdk1 associates with the development of different types of cancer, this work provides new insight into the understanding of how deregulated p21 contributes to chromosomal instability and oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina-Naomi Kreis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friemel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Brigitte Zimmer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susanne Roth
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael A Rieger
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Udo Rolle
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Louwen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juping Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Liu M, Nie M, Wang Y, Deng Y, Yao B, Gui T, Li X, Ma L, Guo C, Ma C, Ju J, Zhao Q. Suv4-20h1 promotes G1 to S phase transition by downregulating p21 WAF1/CIP1 expression in chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6123-6130. [PMID: 29616094 PMCID: PMC5876467 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20) has been associated with cancer. However, the functions of the histone methyltransferases that trigger histone H4K20 methylation in cancers, including suppressor of variegation 4–20 homolog 1 (Suv4-20h1), remain elusive. In the present study, it was demonstrated that the knockdown of the histone H4K20 methyltransferase Suv4-20h1 resulted in growth inhibition in chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells. Disruption of Suv4-20h1 expression induced G1 arrest in the cell cycle and increased expression levels of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21WAF1/CIP1), an essential cell cycle protein involved in checkpoint regulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that Suv4-20h1 directly binds to the promoter of the p21 gene and that methylation of histone H4K20 correlates with repression of p21 expression. Thus, these data suggest that Suv4-20h1 is important for the regulation of the cell cycle in K562 cells and may be a potential therapeutic target for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China.,Anhui Research Institute for Family Planning, Anhui Research Center for Population and Birth Control, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Yadong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Min Nie
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yexuan Deng
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Tao Gui
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Chan Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Chi Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Junyi Ju
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Quan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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Madhyastha H, Madhyastha R, Nakajima Y, Maruyama M. Deciphering the molecular events during arsenic induced transcription signal cascade activation in cellular milieu. Biometals 2017; 31:7-15. [PMID: 29143154 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic sources of arsenic poses and creates unintentional toxico-pathological concerns to humans in many parts of the world. The understanding of toxicity of this metalloid, which shares properties of both metal and non-metal is principally structured on speciation types and holy grail of toxicity prevention. Visible symptoms of arsenic toxicity include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. In this review, we focused on the dermal cell stress caused by trivalent arsenic trioxide and pentavalent arsanilic acid. Deciphering the molecular events involved during arsenic toxicity and signaling cascade interaction is key in arsenicosis prevention. FoxO1 and FoxO2 transcription factors, members of the Forkhead/Fox family, play important roles in this aspect. Like Foxo family proteins, ATM/CHK signaling junction also plays important role in DNA nuclear factor guided cellular development. This review will summarize and discuss current knowledge about the interplay of these pathways in arsenic induced dermal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 8891692, Japan
| | - Radha Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 8891692, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nakajima
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 8891692, Japan
| | - Masugi Maruyama
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 8891692, Japan.
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61
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Thaiparambil J, Mansour O, El-Zein R. Effect of Benzo[a]Pyrene on Spindle Misorientation and Fidelity of Chromosome Segregation in Lung Epithelial BEAS-2B Cells. Toxicol Sci 2017; 162:167-176. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Thaiparambil
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Oula Mansour
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Randa El-Zein
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
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62
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Wojsiat J, Laskowska-Kaszub K, Mietelska-Porowska A, Wojda U. Search for Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in blood cells: hypotheses-driven approach. Biomark Med 2017; 11:917-931. [PMID: 28976776 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnostics is based on cognitive testing, and detecting amyloid Aβ and τ pathology by brain imaging and assays of cerebrospinal fluid. However, biomarkers identifying complex pathways contributing to pathology are lacking, especially for early AD. Preferably, such biomarkers should be more cost-effective and present in easily available diagnostic tissues, such as blood. Here, we summarize the recent findings of potential early AD molecular diagnostic biomarkers in blood platelets, lymphocytes and erythrocytes. We review molecular alterations which refer to such main hypotheses of AD pathogenesis as amyloid cascade, oxidative and mitochondrial stress, inflammation and alterations in cell cycle regulatory molecules. The major advantage of such biomarkers is the potential ability to indicate individualized therapies in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wojsiat
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur 3 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Laskowska-Kaszub
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur 3 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Mietelska-Porowska
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur 3 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Wojda
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur 3 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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63
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Critical role of p21 on olaquindox-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and S-phase arrest involves activation of PI3K/AKT and inhibition of Nrf2/HO-1pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:148-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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64
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Melanoma antigen A12 regulates cell cycle via tumor suppressor p21 expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68448-68459. [PMID: 28978129 PMCID: PMC5620269 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma-associated antigen family A (MAGE-A) is a family of cancer/testis antigens that are expressed in malignant tumors but not in normal tissues other than the testes. MAGE-A12 is a MAGE-A family gene whose tumorigenic function in cancer cells remains unclear. Searches of the Oncomine and NextBio databases revealed that malignant tumors show up-regulation of MAGE-A12 mRNA relative to corresponding normal tissue. In PPC1 primary prostatic carcinoma cells and in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells (wild type and p53-depleted), MAGE-A12 gene knockdown using siRNA or shRNA diminishes cancer cell proliferation as assessed by cellular ATP levels, cell counting, and clonogenic assays. FACS analyses of annexin V-PI staining and DNA content show that MAGE-A12 knockdown causes G2/M arrest and apoptosis. In tumor xenografts of HCT116 cells, conditional knockdown of MAGE-A12 suppresses tumor growth. The depletion of MAGE-A12 leads to the accumulation of tumor suppressor p21 in PPC1, HCT116, and p53-depleted HCT116 cells. Conversely, CDKN1A knockdown partially rescues the viability of PPC1 cells transfected with siRNA targeting MAGE-A12, while p21 overexpression leads to proliferation arrest in PPC-1 cells. Furthermore, exogenous MAGE-A12 expression promotes the ubiquitination of p21. Our findings reveal that MAGE-A12 plays crucial roles in p21 stability and tumor growth, suggesting that MAGE-A12 could provide a novel target for cancer treatment.
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65
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Patzlaff NE, Nemec KM, Malone SG, Li Y, Zhao X. Fragile X related protein 1 (FXR1P) regulates proliferation of adult neural stem cells. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1340-1352. [PMID: 28204491 PMCID: PMC6075589 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X related protein 1 (FXR1P) is a member of the fragile X family of RNA-binding proteins, which includes FMRP and FXR2P. Both FMRP and FXR2P regulate neurogenesis, a process affected in a number of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including fragile X syndrome. Although FXR1P has been implicated in various developmental processes and neuropsychiatric diseases, its role in neurodevelopment is not well understood. The goal of the present study was to elucidate the function of FXR1P in adult neurogenesis. We used an inducible mouse model that allows us to investigate how FXR1P deficiency in adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) affects proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Deletion of FXR1 in aNSCs resulted in fewer adult-born cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) overall, reducing populations across different stages of neurogenesis, including radial glia-like cells, intermediate progenitors, neuroblasts, immature neurons and neurons. We hypothesized that this reduction in new cell numbers resulted from impaired proliferation, which we confirmed both in vivo and in vitro. We discovered that FXR1P-deficient aNSCs have altered expression of a select number of cell-cycle genes, and we identified the mRNA of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (Cdkn1a, p21) as a direct target of FXR1P. Restoration of p21 mRNA to wild-type levels rescued the proliferation deficit in cells lacking FXR1P, demonstrating that p21 is a mediator of FXR1P in aNSCs. These results indicate that FXR1P plays an important role in regulating aNSC self-renewal and maintenance in the adult brain, which may have implications for a number of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E. Patzlaff
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kelsey M. Nemec
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sydney G. Malone
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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66
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Chayapong J, Madhyastha H, Madhyastha R, Nurrahmah QI, Nakajima Y, Choijookhuu N, Hishikawa Y, Maruyama M. Arsenic trioxide induces ROS activity and DNA damage, leading to G0/G1 extension in skin fibroblasts through the ATM-ATR-associated Chk pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:5316-5325. [PMID: 28013460 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) toxicity is a global health problem, affecting millions of people. Exposure to arsenic, mostly via drinking water, has been associated with cancer of skin, lungs, and blood, in addition to several kinds of skin lesions. The present study focused on the effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on normal skin fibroblast cells. Specifically, the effect of As2O3 on ROS generation and oxidative stress was investigated. Proteins involved in the DNA damage signaling pathway and cell cycle were also studied. As2O3 induced the generation of intracellular ROS. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed a dose-dependent increase in the number of 8-OHdG-positive cells, an indication of oxidative stress. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry demonstrated that As2O3 caused a significant percentage of cells to accumulate in the G0/G1 phase with a concomitant reduction in the S phase. Increases in the activated forms of DNA damage signaling proteins, ATM and ATR, and their effector molecules, Chk2 and p53, were also observed. In addition, expression of oncogene p21 was also increased. The study shows that exposure of normal skin fibroblast cells to As2O3 could lead to cell cycle arrest through ATM/ATR and DNA damage signaling pathways. In conclusion, we report here that arsenic trioxide increases cellular oxidative stress leading to shift in cell cycle and leads to DNA damage through ATM/ATR and the CHK-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutapon Chayapong
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Radha Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Queen Intan Nurrahmah
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nakajima
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Narantsog Choijookhuu
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hishikawa
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Masugi Maruyama
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.
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67
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Adorisio S, Fierabracci A, Gigliarelli G, Muscari I, Cannarile L, Liberati AM, Marcotullio MC, Riccardi C, Curini M, Robles Zepeda RE, Delfino DV. The Hexane Fraction of Bursera microphylla A Gray Induces p21-Mediated Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects in Human Cancer-Derived Cell Lines. Integr Cancer Ther 2017; 16:426-435. [PMID: 28110563 PMCID: PMC5759934 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416688413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bursera microphylla (BM), one of the common elephant trees, is widely distributed in the Sonoran desert in Mexico. The Seri ethnic group in the Sonoran desert uses BM as an anti-inflammatory and painkiller drug for the treatment of sore throat, herpes labialis, abscessed tooth, and wound healing. Dried stems and leaves of BM are used in a tea to relieve painful urination and to stimulate bronchial secretion. Furthermore, BM is used for fighting venereal diseases. To investigate the effects of the hexane fraction of resin methanol extract (BM-H) on cell growth, the acute myeloid cell line (OCI-AML3) was treated with 250, 25, or 2.5 µg/mL of BM-H. The first 2 concentrations were able to significantly decrease OCI-AML3 cell number. This reduced cell number was associated with decreased S-phase, blockade of G2/M phase of the cell cycle, and increased cell death. Similar results were obtained on all tested tumor cell lines of different origins. We found that blockade of the cell cycle was a result of upregulation of p21 protein in a p53-independent way. Increase of p21 was possibly a result of upstream upregulation of p-ERK (which stabilizes p21 protein) and downregulation of p-38 (which promotes its degradation). Regarding cell death, activation of caspase-3, but not of caspase-8 or -9, was detectable after BM-H treatment. In conclusion, these data suggest that BM-H inhibited proliferation of cell lines mainly by a p21-dependent, p53-independent mechanism and promoted apoptosis through activation of caspase-3 but not caspase-8 or -9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Adorisio
- 1 Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fierabracci
- 2 Infectivology and Clinical Trials Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Isabella Muscari
- 4 Section of Onco-hematology, S. Maria Terni Hospital, Department of Surgery and Medical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenza Cannarile
- 1 Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Marina Liberati
- 4 Section of Onco-hematology, S. Maria Terni Hospital, Department of Surgery and Medical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Riccardi
- 1 Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Curini
- 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Domenico V Delfino
- 1 Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy.,6 Foligno Nursing School, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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68
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Yang JS, Lin CA, Lu CC, Wen YF, Tsai FJ, Tsai SC. Carboxamide analog ITR-284 evokes apoptosis and inhibits migration ability in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1786-1792. [PMID: 28098885 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer and found in both smokers and non-smokers, but the treatment of lung cancer is limited. ITR-284 has been shown to be a potent carboxamide-derived anticancer agent and to induce apoptosis in leukemia and colon cancer cells. However, little is known whether ITR-284 has anticancer activity in human lung adenocarcinoma cells through induction of apoptosis and suppression of migration in vitro. We showed that ITR-284 inhibited human lung cancer A549 cells using the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and evoked apoptosis via the cell cycle distribution at S phase arrest. After treatment with 20 nM ITR-284 for 24 h, apoptotic cells were induced and detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was dose-dependently increased in A549 cells caused by ITR-284. The results from immunoblotting analysis showed an elevation of protein levels of p53 and phosphorylation of p53 in A549 cells prior to ITR-284 exposure. Additionally, apoptosis-associated proteins such as Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP were upregulated after ITR-284 treatment. By wound healing assay, low concentrations (1-5 nM) of ITR-284 exerted a greater effect on inhibition of A549 cell migration. The protein levels of E-cadherin and vimentin, which are the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, were modulated in ITR-284-treated cells assessed by western blot analysis. Taken together, our data suggest that ITR-284 may be an effective anticancer agent for treating lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-An Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Fang Wen
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Human Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Chang Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
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69
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Mohan A, Asakura A. CDK inhibitors for muscle stem cell differentiation and self-renewal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 6:65-74. [PMID: 28713664 DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.6.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of muscle is undertaken by muscle stem cell populations named satellite cells which are normally quiescent or at the G0 phase of the cell cycle. However, upon signals from damaged muscle, satellite cells lose their quiescence, and enter the G1 cell cycle phase to expand the population of satellite cell progenies termed myogenic precursor cells (MPCs). Eventually, MPCs stop their cell cycle and undergo terminal differentiation to form skeletal muscle fibers. Some MPCs retract to quiescent satellite cells as a self-renewal process. Therefore, cell cycle regulation, consisting of satellite cell activation, proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal, is the key event of muscle regeneration. In this review, we summarize up-to-date progress on research about cell cycle regulation of myogenic progenitor cells and muscle stem cells during embryonic myogenesis and adult muscle regeneration, aging, exercise and muscle diseases including muscular dystrophy and muscle fiber atrophy, especially focusing on cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrudha Mohan
- Stem Cell Institute, Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2001 6th Street SE, MTRF 4-220, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Atsushi Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute, Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2001 6th Street SE, MTRF 4-220, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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70
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Ritter A, Friemel A, Kreis NN, Louwen F, Yuan J. Impact of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitors on human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:84271-84285. [PMID: 27713178 PMCID: PMC5356661 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) has been established as one of the most promising targets for molecular anticancer intervention. In fact, various Plk1 inhibitors have been identified and characterized. While the data derived from the bench are prospective, the clinical outcomes are less encouraging by showing modest efficacy. One of the explanations for this discrepancy could be unintendedly targeting of non-malignant cells by Plk1 inhibitors. In this work, we have addressed the effect of Plk1 inhibition in adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). We show that both visceral and subcutaneous ASCs display monopolar spindles, reduced viability and strong apoptosis induction upon treatment with BI 2536 and BI 6727, the Plk1 kinase domain inhibitors, and with Poloxin, the regulatory Polo-box domain inhibitor. While Poloxin triggers quickly apoptosis, BI 2536 and BI 6727 result in mitotic arrest in ASCs. Importantly, survived ASCs exhibit DNA damage and a pronounced senescent phenotype. In addition, Plk1 inhibition impairs ASCs' motility and homing ability. These results show that Plk1 inhibitors target slowly proliferating ASCs, an important population of anti-inflammation and immune modulation. The toxic effects on primary cells like ASCs could be partially responsible for the reported moderate antitumor activity in patients treated with Plk1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ritter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friemel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina-Naomi Kreis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Louwen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juping Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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71
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Wright DG, Marchal C, Hoang K, Ankney JA, Nguyen ST, Rushing AW, Polakowski N, Miotto B, Lemasson I. Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1-encoded protein HBZ represses p53 function by inhibiting the acetyltransferase activity of p300/CBP and HBO1. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1687-706. [PMID: 26625199 PMCID: PMC4811490 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an often fatal malignancy caused by infection with the complex retrovirus, human T-cell Leukemia Virus, type 1 (HTLV-1). In ATL patient samples, the tumor suppressor, p53, is infrequently mutated; however, it has been shown to be inactivated by the viral protein, Tax. Here, we show that another HTLV-1 protein, HBZ, represses p53 activity. In HCT116 p53+/+ cells treated with the DNA-damaging agent, etoposide, HBZ reduced p53-mediated activation of p21/CDKN1A and GADD45A expression, which was associated with a delay in G2 phase-arrest. These effects were attributed to direct inhibition of the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity of p300/CBP by HBZ, causing a reduction in p53 acetylation, which has be linked to decreased p53 activity. In addition, HBZ bound to, and inhibited the HAT activity of HBO1. Although HBO1 did not acetylate p53, it acted as a coactivator for p53 at the p21/CDKN1A promoter. Therefore, through interactions with two separate HAT proteins, HBZ impairs the ability of p53 to activate transcription. This mechanism may explain how p53 activity is restricted in ATL cells that do not express Tax due to modifications of the HTLV-1 provirus, which accounts for a majority of patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana G Wright
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Claire Marchal
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, UMR 7216, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Kimson Hoang
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - John A Ankney
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie T Nguyen
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Amanda W Rushing
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas Polakowski
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Benoit Miotto
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, UMR 7216, CNRS, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Lemasson
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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72
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Manic G, Corradi F, Sistigu A, Siteni S, Vitale I. Molecular Regulation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint by Kinases and Phosphatases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 328:105-161. [PMID: 28069132 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a surveillance mechanism contributing to the preservation of genomic stability by monitoring the microtubule attachment to, and/or the tension status of, each kinetochore during mitosis. The SAC halts metaphase to anaphase transition in the presence of unattached and/or untensed kinetochore(s) by releasing the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) from these improperly-oriented kinetochores to inhibit the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). The reversible phosphorylation of a variety of substrates at the kinetochore by antagonistic kinases and phosphatases is one major signaling mechanism for promptly turning on or turning off the SAC. In such a complex network, some kinases act at the apex of the SAC cascade by either generating (monopolar spindle 1, MPS1/TTK and likely polo-like kinase 1, PLK1), or contributing to generate (Aurora kinase B) kinetochore phospho-docking sites for the hierarchical recruitment of the SAC proteins. Aurora kinase B, MPS1 and budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 (BUB1) also promote sister chromatid biorientation by modulating kinetochore microtubule stability. Moreover, MPS1, BUB1, and PLK1 seem to play key roles in APC/C inhibition by mechanisms dependent and/or independent on MCC assembly. The protein phosphatase 1 and 2A (PP1 and PP2A) are recruited to kinetochores to oppose kinase activity. These phosphatases reverse the phosphorylation of kinetochore targets promoting the microtubule attachment stabilization, sister kinetochore biorientation and SAC silencing. The kinase-phosphatase network is crucial as it renders the SAC a dynamic, graded-signaling, high responsive, and robust process thereby ensuring timely anaphase onset and preventing the generation of proneoplastic aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manic
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - F Corradi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - A Sistigu
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - S Siteni
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | - I Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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73
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Zhu J, Zhang B, Song W, Zhang X, Wang L, Yin B, Zhu F, Yu C, Li H. A literature review on the role of miR-370 in disease. GENE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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74
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Jang SH, Kim AR, Park NH, Park JW, Han IS. DRG2 Regulates G2/M Progression via the Cyclin B1-Cdk1 Complex. Mol Cells 2016; 39:699-704. [PMID: 27669826 PMCID: PMC5050535 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 2 (DRG2) plays an important role in cell growth. Here we explored the linkage between DRG2 and G2/M phase checkpoint function in cell cycle progression. We observed that knockdown of DRG2 in HeLa cells affected growth in a wound-healing assay, and tumorigenicity in nude mice xenografts. Flow cytometry assays and [(3)H] incorporation assays indicated that G2/M phase arrest was responsible for the decreased proliferation of these cells. Knockdown of DRG2 elicited down-regulation of the major mitotic promoting factor, the cyclin B1/Cdk1 complex, but up-regulation of the cell cycle arresting proteins, Wee1, Myt1, and p21. These findings identify a novel role of DRG2 in G2/M progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hwa Jang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610,
Korea
| | - Ah-Ram Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610,
Korea
| | - Neung-Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan 44033,
Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610,
Korea
| | - In-Seob Han
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610,
Korea
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Violacein induces death of RAS-mutated metastatic melanoma by impairing autophagy process. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14049-14058. [PMID: 27502397 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of metastatic melanoma still remains a challenge, since in advanced stage it is refractory to conventional treatments. Most patients with melanoma have either B-RAF or N-RAS mutations, and these oncogenes lead to activation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK and AKT signal pathway, keeping active the proliferation and survival pathways in the cell. Therefore, the identification of small molecules that block metastatic cell proliferation and induce cell death is needed. Violacein, a pigment produced by Chromobacterium violaceum found in Amazon River, has been used by our group as a biotool for scrutinizing signaling pathways associated with proliferation, survival, aggressiveness, and resistance of cancer cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that violacein diminished the viability of RAS- and RAF-mutated melanoma cells (IC50 value ∼500 nM), and more important, this effect was not abolished after treatment medium removal. Furthermore, violacein was able to reduce significantly the invasion capacity of metastatic melanoma cells in 3D culture. In the molecular context, we have shown for the first time that violacein causes a strong drop on histone deacetylase 6 expression, a proliferating activator, in melanoma cells. Besides, an inhibition of AXL and AKT was detected. All these molecular events propitiate an inhibition of autophagy, and consequently, melanoma cell death by apoptosis.
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76
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Novel role of cortactin in G protein-coupled receptor agonist-induced nuclear export and degradation of p21Cip1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28687. [PMID: 27363897 PMCID: PMC4929470 DOI: 10.1038/srep28687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1) stimulates phosphorylation of cortactin on Y421 and Y446 residues in a time-dependent manner and phosphorylation at Y446 but not Y421 residue is required for MCP1-induced CDK-interacting protein 1 (p21Cip1) nuclear export and degradation in facilitating human aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) proliferation. In addition, MCP1-induced cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation, p21Cip1 degradation and HASMC proliferation are dependent on Fyn activation. Upstream to Fyn, MCP1 stimulated C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) and Gi/o and inhibition of either one of these molecules using their specific antagonists or inhibitors attenuated MCP1-induced cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation, p21Cip1 degradation and HASMC proliferation. Cortactin phosphorylation at Y446 residue is also required for another G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonist, thrombin-induced p21Cip1 nuclear export and its degradation in promoting HASMC proliferation. Quite interestingly, the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) agonist, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced p21Cip1 degradation and HASMC proliferation do not require cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation. Together, these findings demonstrate that tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin at Y446 residue is selective for only GPCR but not RTK agonist-induced nuclear export and proteolytic degradation of p21Cip1 in HASMC proliferation.
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Saboor-Maleki S, Rassouli FB, Matin MM, Iranshahi M. Auraptene Attenuates Malignant Properties of Esophageal Stem-Like Cancer Cells. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 16:519-527. [PMID: 27207438 DOI: 10.1177/1533034616650119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma has been reported in selected ethnic populations including North of Iran. Low survival rate of esophageal carcinoma is partially due to the presence of stem-like cancer cells with chemotherapy resistance. In the current study, we aimed to determine the effects of auraptene, an interesting dietary coumarin with various biological activities, on malignant properties of stem-like esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, in terms of sensitivity to anticancer drugs and expression of specific markers. To do so, the half maximal inhibitory concentration values of auraptene, cisplatin, paclitaxel, and 5-fluorouracil were determined on esophageal carcinoma cells (KYSE30 cell line). After administrating combinatorial treatments, including nontoxic concentrations of auraptene + cisplatin, paclitaxel, or 5-fluorouracil, sensitivity of cells to chemical drugs and also induced apoptosis were assessed. In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to study changes in the expression of tumor suppressor proteins 53 and 21 ( P53 and P21), cluster of differentiation 44 ( CD44), and B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 ( BMI-1) upon treatments. Results of thiazolyl blue assay revealed that auraptene significantly ( P < .05) increased toxicity of cisplatin, paclitaxel, and 5-fluorouracil in KYSE30 cells, specifically 72 hours after treatment. Conducting an apoptosis assay using flow cytometry also confirmed the synergic effects of auraptene. Results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed significant ( P < .05) upregulation of P53 and P21 upon combinatorial treatments and also downregulation of CD44 and BMI-1 after auraptene administration. Current study provided evidence, for the first time, that auraptene attenuates the properties of esophageal stem-like cancer cells through enhancing sensitivity to chemical agents and reducing the expression of CD44 and BMI-1 markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffiyeh Saboor-Maleki
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh B Rassouli
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,2 Cell and Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,2 Cell and Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- 3 Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mirzayans R, Andrais B, Kumar P, Murray D. The Growing Complexity of Cancer Cell Response to DNA-Damaging Agents: Caspase 3 Mediates Cell Death or Survival? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050708. [PMID: 27187358 PMCID: PMC4881530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely stated that wild-type p53 either mediates the activation of cell cycle checkpoints to facilitate DNA repair and promote cell survival, or orchestrates apoptotic cell death following exposure to cancer therapeutic agents. This reigning paradigm has been challenged by numerous discoveries with different human cell types, including solid tumor-derived cell lines. Thus, activation of the p53 signaling pathway by ionizing radiation and other DNA-damaging agents hinders apoptosis and triggers growth arrest (e.g., through premature senescence) in some genetic backgrounds; such growth arrested cells remain viable, secrete growth-promoting factors, and give rise to progeny with stem cell-like properties. In addition, caspase 3, which is best known for its role in the execution phase of apoptosis, has been recently reported to facilitate (rather than suppress) DNA damage-induced genomic instability and carcinogenesis. This observation is consistent with an earlier report demonstrating that caspase 3 mediates secretion of the pro-survival factor prostaglandin E2, which in turn promotes enrichment of tumor repopulating cells. In this article, we review these and related discoveries and point out novel cancer therapeutic strategies. One of our objectives is to demonstrate the growing complexity of the DNA damage response beyond the conventional “repair and survive, or die” hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razmik Mirzayans
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Bonnie Andrais
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - David Murray
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
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Karimian A, Ahmadi Y, Yousefi B. Multiple functions of p21 in cell cycle, apoptosis and transcriptional regulation after DNA damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 42:63-71. [PMID: 27156098 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 728] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An appropriate control over cell cycle progression depends on many factors. Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21 (also known as p21(WAF1/Cip1)) is one of these factors that promote cell cycle arrest in response to a variety of stimuli. The inhibitory effect of P21 on cell cycle progression correlates with its nuclear localization. P21 can be induced by both p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms. Some other important functions attributed to p21 include transcriptional regulation, modulation or inhibition of apoptosis. These functions are largely dependent on direct p21/protein interactions and also on p21 subcellular localizations. In addition, p21 can play a role in DNA repair by interacting with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In this review, we will focus on the multiple functions of p21 in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and gene transcription after DNA damage and briefly discuss the pathways and factors that have critical roles in p21 expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Karimian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yasin Ahmadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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80
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Jiang W, Zhao S, Jiang X, Zhang E, Hu G, Hu B, Zheng P, Xiao J, Lu Z, Lu Y, Ni J, Chen C, Wang X, Yang L, Wan R. The circadian clock gene Bmal1 acts as a potential anti-oncogene in pancreatic cancer by activating the p53 tumor suppressor pathway. Cancer Lett 2016; 371:314-25. [PMID: 26683776 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the circadian clock has been shown to be associated with tumor development. This study aimed to investigate the role of the core circadian gene Bmal1 in pancreatic cancer (PC). We first found that the levels of Bmal1 were downregulated in PC samples and were closely correlated with the clinicopathological features of patients. To dissect the underlying mechanism, we performed a RNA-seq assay followed by systematic gene function and pathway enrichment analyses. We detected an anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative transcriptome profile after Bmal1 knockdown in PC cells. Further in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that Bmal1 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation and invasion and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, whereas Bmal1 knockdown promoted PC growth, as demonstrated in Bmal1-manipulated AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cell lines. Our mechanistic studies indicated that Bmal1 could directly bind to the p53 gene promoter and thereby transcriptionally activate the downstream tumor suppressor pathway in a p53-dependent manner. In sum, our findings suggest that Bmal1 acts as an anti-oncogene in PC and represents a potential biomarker for its diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Senlin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Erquan Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhua Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanjun Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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González-Sarrías A, Núñez-Sánchez MÁ, Tomé-Carneiro J, Tomás-Barberán FA, García-Conesa MT, Espín JC. Comprehensive characterization of the effects of ellagic acid and urolithins on colorectal cancer and key-associated molecular hallmarks: MicroRNA cell specific induction of CDKN1A (p21) as a common mechanism involved. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:701-16. [PMID: 26634414 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Ellagitannins, ellagic acid, and the colonic metabolites urolithins (Uros) exhibit anticancer effects against colon cells, but a comprehensive molecular analysis has not been done. Herein, we used a panel of cell lines to first time evaluate the antiproliferative properties and accompanying molecular responses of two ellagitannin metabolites mixtures mimicking the situation in vivo and of each individual metabolite. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined cell growth, cell cycle, apoptosis, and the expression of related genes and microRNAs (miRs) in a panel of nonmalignant and malignant colon cell lines. Regardless of the composition, the mixed metabolites similarly inhibited proliferation, induced cycle arrest, and apoptosis. All the metabolites contributed to these effects, but Uro-A, isourolithin A, Uro-C, and Uro-D were more potent than Uro-B and ellagic acid. Despite molecular differences between the cell lines, we discerned relevant changes in key cancer markers and corroborated the induction of CDKN1A (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A gene (p21, Cip1); encoding p21) as a common step underlying the anticancer properties of Uros. Interestingly, cell-unique downregulation of miR-224 or upregulation of miR-215 was found associated with CDKN1A induction. CONCLUSION Physiologically relevant mixtures of Uros exert anticancer effects against colon cancer cells via a common CDKN1A upregulatory mechanism. Other associated molecular responses are however heterogeneous and mostly cell-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González-Sarrías
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Núñez-Sánchez
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Teresa García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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Silva VC, Plooster M, Leung JC, Cassimeris L. A delay prior to mitotic entry triggers caspase 8-dependent cell death in p53-deficient Hela and HCT-116 cells. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:1070-81. [PMID: 25602147 PMCID: PMC4612104 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1007781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stathmin/Oncoprotein 18, a microtubule destabilizing protein, is required for survival of p53-deficient cells. Stathmin-depleted cells are slower to enter mitosis, but whether delayed mitotic entry triggers cell death or whether stathmin has a separate pro-survival function was unknown. To test these possibilities, we abrogated the cell cycle delay by inhibiting Wee1 in synchronized, stathmin-depleted cells and found that apoptosis was reduced to control levels. Synchronized cells treated with a 4 hour pulse of inhibitors to CDK1 or both Aurora A and PLK1 delayed mitotic entry and apoptosis was triggered only in p53-deficient cells. We did not detect mitotic defects downstream of the delayed mitotic entry, indicating that cell death is activated by a mechanism distinct from those activated by prolonged mitotic arrest. Cell death is triggered by initiator caspase 8, based on its cleavage to the active form and by rescue of viability after caspase 8 depletion or treatment with a caspase 8 inhibitor. In contrast, initiator caspase 9, activated by prolonged mitotic arrest, is not activated and is not required for apoptosis under our experimental conditions. P53 upregulates expression of cFLIPL, a protein that blocks caspase 8 activation. cFLIPL levels are lower in cells lacking p53 and these levels are reduced to a greater extent after stathmin depletion. Expression of FLAG-tagged cFLIPL in p53-deficient cells rescues them from apoptosis triggered by stathmin depletion or CDK1 inhibition during G2. These data indicate that a cell cycle delay in G2 activates caspase 8 to initiate apoptosis specifically in p53-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Silva
- a Department of Biological Sciences ; Lehigh University ; Bethlehem , PA USA
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83
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Lange L, Hemmerich P, Spänkuch B. Survival of primary, but not of cancer cells after combined Plk1-HDAC inhibition. Oncotarget 2015; 6:25801-14. [PMID: 26317649 PMCID: PMC4694867 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study we examined the combination of SAHA and SBE13 in cancer and non-cancer cells. HeLa cells displayed a synergistically reduced cell proliferation, which was much weaker in hTERT-RPE1 or NIH-3T3 cells. Cell cycle distribution differed in HeLa, hTERT-RPE1 and NIH-3T3 cells. SAHA-treated HeLa cells showed slightly increasing cell numbers in G2/M phase, but after combination with SBE13 strongly elevated cell numbers in G2/M and S phase, accompanied by decreasing G0/G1 percentages. hTERT-RPE1 and NIH-3T3 cells showed strongly enriched cell numbers in G0/G1 phase. Western blot and quantitative real time analyses revealed reduced Plk1 mRNA and protein in all cells. p21 protein was strongly induced in cancer, but not in non-cancer cells, corresponding to a different localization in immunofluorescence studies. Additionally, these revealed an abundantly present pRb protein in HeLa cells after any treatment but almost completely vanished pRb staining in treated hTERT-RPE1 cells. These differences could be approved in Western blots against Parp and Caspase 3, which were activated in HeLa, but not in hTERT-RPE1 cells. Thus, we observed for the first time a differential effect of cancer versus non-cancer cells after treatment with SAHA and SBE13, which might be due to the dual role of p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lange
- Friedrich-Schiller-University, CMB, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Hemmerich
- Leibniz-Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, JenAge (Jena Centre for Systems Biology of Aging), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Birgit Spänkuch
- Friedrich-Schiller-University, CMB, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Rodrigues AS, Pereira SL, Correia M, Gomes A, Perestrelo T, Ramalho-Santos J. Differentiate or Die: 3-Bromopyruvate and Pluripotency in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135617. [PMID: 26266544 PMCID: PMC4534445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pluripotent embryonic stem cells grown under standard conditions (ESC) have a markedly glycolytic profile, which is shared with many different types of cancer cells. Thus, some therapeutic strategies suggest that pharmacologically shifting cancer cells towards an oxidative phenotype, using glycolysis inhibitors, may reduce cancer aggressiveness. Given the metabolic parallels between cancer and stemness would chemotherapeutical agents have an effect on pluripotency, and could a strategy involving these agents be envisioned to modulate stem cell fate in an accessible manner? In this manuscript we attempted to determine the effects of 3-bromopyruvate (3BrP) in pluripotency. Although it has other intracellular targets, this compound is a potent inhibitor of glycolysis enzymes thought to be important to maintain a glycolytic profile. The goal was also to determine if we could contribute towards a pharmacologically accessible metabolic strategy to influence cell differentiation. Methodology/Principal Findings Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) grown under standard pluripotency conditions (in the presence of Leukemia Inducing Factor- LIF) were treated with 3BrP. As a positive control for differentiation other mESCs were grown without LIF. Overall our results demonstrate that 3BrP negatively affects pluripotency, forcing cells to become less glycolytic and with more active mitochondria. These changes in metabolism are correlated with increased differentiation, even under pluripotency conditions (i.e. in the presence of LIF). However, 3BrP also significantly impaired cell function, and may have other roles besides affecting the metabolic profile of mESCs. Conclusions/Findings Treatment of mESCs with 3BrP triggered a metabolic switch and loss of pluripotency, even in the presence of LIF. Interestingly, the positive control for differentiation allowed for a distinction between 3BrP effects and changes associated with spontaneous differentiation/loss of pluripotency in the absence of LIF. Additionally, there was a slight differentiation bias towards mesoderm in the presence of 3BrP. However, the side effects on cellular function suggest that the use of this drug is probably not adequate to efficiently push cells towards specific differentiation fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Rodrigues
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandro L. Pereira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Correia
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreia Gomes
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Biocant—Center of Innovation in Biotechnology, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Tânia Perestrelo
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Ramalho-Santos
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Tsuchida E, Kaida A, Pratama E, Ikeda MA, Suzuki K, Harada K, Miura M. Effect of X-Irradiation at Different Stages in the Cell Cycle on Individual Cell-Based Kinetics in an Asynchronous Cell Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128090. [PMID: 26086724 PMCID: PMC4472673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using an asynchronously growing cell population, we investigated how X-irradiation at different stages of the cell cycle influences individual cell–based kinetics. To visualize the cell-cycle phase, we employed the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (Fucci). After 5 Gy irradiation, HeLa cells no longer entered M phase in an order determined by their previous stage of the cell cycle, primarily because green phase (S and G2) was less prolonged in cells irradiated during the red phase (G1) than in those irradiated during the green phase. Furthermore, prolongation of the green phase in cells irradiated during the red phase gradually increased as the irradiation timing approached late G1 phase. The results revealed that endoreduplication rarely occurs in this cell line under the conditions we studied. We next established a method for classifying the green phase into early S, mid S, late S, and G2 phases at the time of irradiation, and then attempted to estimate the duration of G2 arrest based on certain assumptions. The value was the largest when cells were irradiated in mid or late S phase and the smallest when they were irradiated in G1 phase. In this study, by closely following individual cells irradiated at different cell-cycle phases, we revealed for the first time the unique cell-cycle kinetics in HeLa cells that follow irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Tsuchida
- Section of Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
- Section of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaida
- Section of Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Endrawan Pratama
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Ikeda
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852–8523, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Harada
- Section of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Masahiko Miura
- Section of Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Mirzayans R, Andrais B, Scott A, Wang YW, Weiss RH, Murray D. Spontaneous γH2AX Foci in Human Solid Tumor-Derived Cell Lines in Relation to p21WAF1 and WIP1 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11609-28. [PMID: 26006237 PMCID: PMC4463719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of H2AX on Ser139 (γH2AX) after exposure to ionizing radiation produces nuclear foci that are detectable by immunofluorescence microscopy. These so-called γH2AX foci have been adopted as quantitative markers for DNA double-strand breaks. High numbers of spontaneous γH2AX foci have also been reported for some human solid tumor-derived cell lines, but the molecular mechanism(s) for this response remains elusive. Here we show that cancer cells (e.g., HCT116; MCF7) that constitutively express detectable levels of p21WAF1 (p21) exhibit low numbers of γH2AX foci (<3/nucleus), whereas p21 knockout cells (HCT116p21−/−) and constitutively low p21-expressing cells (e.g., MDA-MB-231) exhibit high numbers of foci (e.g., >50/nucleus), and that these foci are not associated with apoptosis. The majority (>95%) of cells within HCT116p21−/− and MDA-MB-231 cultures contain high levels of phosphorylated p53, which is localized in the nucleus. We further show an inverse relationship between γH2AX foci and nuclear accumulation of WIP1, an oncogenic phosphatase. Our studies suggest that: (i) p21 deficiency might provide a selective pressure for the emergence of apoptosis-resistant progeny exhibiting genomic instability, manifested as spontaneous γH2AX foci coupled with phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of p53; and (ii) p21 might contribute to positive regulation of WIP1, resulting in dephosphorylation of γH2AX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razmik Mirzayans
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Bonnie Andrais
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - April Scott
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Ying W Wang
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Robert H Weiss
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Mather VA Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95655, USA.
| | - David Murray
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
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Kreis NN, Louwen F, Zimmer B, Yuan J. Loss of p21Cip1/CDKN1A renders cancer cells susceptible to Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition. Oncotarget 2015; 6:6611-26. [PMID: 25483104 PMCID: PMC4466638 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of Polo-like kinase 1 is inversely linked to the prognosis of patients with diverse human tumors. Targeting Polo-like kinase 1 has been widely considered as one of the most promising strategies for molecular anticancer therapy. While the preclinical results are encouraging, the clinical outcomes are rather less inspiring by showing limited anticancer activity. It is thus of importance to identify molecules and mechanisms responsible for the sensitivity of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition. We have recently shown that p21Cip1/CDKN1A is involved in the regulation of mitosis and its loss prolongs the mitotic duration accompanied by defects in chromosome segregation and cytokinesis in various tumor cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that p21 affects the efficacy of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitors, especially Poloxin, a specific inhibitor of the unique Polo-box domain. Intriguingly, upon treatment with Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitors, p21 is increased in the cytoplasm, associated with anti-apoptosis, DNA repair and cell survival. By contrast, deficiency of p21 renders tumor cells more susceptible to Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition by showing a pronounced mitotic arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis. Furthermore, long-term treatment with Plk1 inhibitors induced fiercely the senescent state of tumor cells with functional p21. We suggest that the p21 status may be a useful biomarker for predicting the efficacy of Plk1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina-Naomi Kreis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Louwen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Brigitte Zimmer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juping Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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