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Zhou J, Xiong R, Zhou J, Guan X, Jiang G, Chen Y, Yang Q. Involvement of m6A regulatory factor IGF2BP1 in malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells induced by tobacco carcinogen NNK. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 436:115849. [PMID: 34974052 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a Group 1 human carcinogen, as classified by the International Agency for Research of Cancer (IARC), and plays a significant role in lung carcinogenesis. However, its carcinogenic mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we performed colony formation assays, soft-agar assays, and tumor growth in nude mice to show that 100 mg/L NNK facilitates the malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells. Transcriptome sequencing showed that insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1), a post-transcriptional regulator, was differentially expressed in NNK-induced malignant transformed Beas-2B cells (2B-NNK cells). Small interfering RNA (SiRNA) was used to downregulate the expression of the IGF2BP1 gene. The reduction in protein expression, cell proliferation rate, and colony-forming ability and the increase in the apoptosis rate of Beas-2B cells transfected with the SiRNA indicated a role for IGF2BP1 in NNK-induced malignant transformation. IGF2BP1 is an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulatory factor, but it is not known whether its association with m6A mediates the malignant transformation of cells. Therefore, we measured the overall levels of m6A in Beas-2B cells. We found that the overall m6A level was lower in 2B-NNK cells, and knocking down IGF2BP1, the overall level of m6A was restored. Hence, we concluded that IGF2BP1 is involved in the NNK-induced malignant transformation of Beas-2B cells, possibly via m6A modification. This study therefore contributes novel insights into the environmental pathogenesis of lung cancer and the gene regulatory mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhou
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jiazhen Zhou
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xinchao Guan
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Guanqing Jiang
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yuyang Chen
- School of Anesthesiology, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiaoyuan Yang
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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52
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Fakhraldeen SA, Berry SM, Beebe DJ, Roopra A, Bisbach CM, Spiegelman VS, Niemi NM, Alexander CM. Enhanced immunoprecipitation techniques for the identification of RNA-binding protein partners: IGF2BP1 interactions in mammary epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101649. [PMID: 35104504 PMCID: PMC8891971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate the expression of large cohorts of RNA species to produce programmatic changes in cellular phenotypes. To describe the function of RBPs within a cell, it is key to identify their mRNA-binding partners. This is often done by crosslinking nucleic acids to RBPs, followed by chemical release of the nucleic acid fragments for analysis. However, this methodology is lengthy, which involves complex processing with attendant sample losses, thus large amounts of starting materials and prone to artifacts. To evaluate potential alternative technologies, we tested “exclusion-based” purification of immunoprecipitates (IFAST or SLIDE) and report here that these methods can efficiently, rapidly, and specifically isolate RBP–RNA complexes. The analysis requires less than 1% of the starting material required for techniques that include crosslinking. Depending on the antibody used, 50% to 100% starting protein can be retrieved, facilitating the assay of endogenous levels of RBPs; the isolated ribonucleoproteins are subsequently analyzed using standard techniques, to provide a comprehensive portrait of RBP complexes. Using exclusion-based techniques, we show that the mRNA-binding partners for RBP IGF2BP1 in cultured mammary epithelial cells are enriched in mRNAs important for detoxifying superoxides (specifically glutathione peroxidase [GPX]-1 and GPX-2) and mRNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins. We show that these interactions are functionally significant, as loss of function of IGF2BP1 leads to destabilization of GPX mRNAs and reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and oxygen consumption. We speculate that this underlies a consistent requirement for IGF2BP1 for the expression of clonogenic activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saja A Fakhraldeen
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Scott M Berry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Avtar Roopra
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Celia M Bisbach
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Vladimir S Spiegelman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Natalie M Niemi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St Louis
| | - Caroline M Alexander
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Seo JH, Jeon YJ. Global Proteomic Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells via Connective Tissue Growth Factor Treatment under Chemically Defined Feeder-Free Culture Conditions. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:126-140. [PMID: 34750284 PMCID: PMC9628825 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2110.10032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells can be applied usefully in basic research and clinical field due to their differentiation and self-renewal capacity. The aim of this study was to establish an effective novel therapeutic cellular source and create its molecular expression profile map to elucidate the possible therapeutic mechanism and signaling pathway. We successfully obtained a mesenchymal stem cell population from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) cultured on chemically defined feeder-free conditions and treated with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and performed the expressive proteomic approach to elucidate the molecular basis. We further selected 12 differentially expressed proteins in CTGF-induced hESC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (C-hESC-MSCs), which were found to be involved in the metabolic process, immune response, cell signaling, and cell proliferation, as compared to bone marrow derived-MSCs(BM-MSCs). Moreover, these up-regulated proteins were potentially related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These results suggest that C-hESC-MSCs are a highly proliferative cell population, which can interact with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway; thus, due to the upregulated cell survival ability or downregulated apoptosis effects of C-hESC-MSCs, these can be used as an unlimited cellular source in the cell therapy field for a higher therapeutic potential. Overall, the study provided valuable insights into the molecular functioning of hESC derivatives as a valuable cellular source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Seo
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jeon
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-42-860-4386 Fax: +82-42-860-4608 E-mail:
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Qin T, Cheng Y, Wang X. RNA-binding proteins as drivers of AML and novel therapeutic targets. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:1045-1057. [PMID: 35075986 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.2008381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of genetically complex and heterogeneous invasive hematological malignancies with a low 5-year overall survival rate of 30%, which highlights the urgent need for improved treatment measures. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate the abundance of isoforms of related proteins by regulating RNA splicing, translation, stability, and localization, thereby affecting cell differentiation and self-renewal. It is increasingly believed that RBPs are essential for normal hematopoiesis, and RBPs play a key role in hematological tumors, especially AML, by acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. In addition, targeting an RBP that is significantly related to AML can trigger the apoptosis of leukemic stem cells or promote the proliferation of stem and progenitor cells by modulating the expression of important pathway regulatory factors such as HOXA9, MYC, and CDKN1A. Accordingly, RBPs involved in normal myeloid differentiation and the occurrence of AML may represent promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Qin
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Lower RNA expression of ALDH1A1 distinguishes the favorable risk group in acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3321-3331. [PMID: 35028852 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The expression and activity of enzymes that belong to the aldehyde dehydrogenases is a characteristic of both normal and malignant stem cells. ALDH1A1 is an enzyme critical in cancer stem cells. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), ALDH1A1 protects leukemia-initiating cells from a number of antineoplastic agents, which include inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases. Furthermore, ALDH1A1 proves vital for the establishment of human AML xenografts in mice. We review here important studies characterizing the role of ALDH1A1 in AML and its potential as a therapeutic target. We also analyze datasets from leading studies, and show that decreased ALDH1A1 RNA expression consistently characterizes the AML patient risk group with a favorable prognosis, while there is a consistent association of high ALDH1A1 RNA expression with high risk and poor overall survival. Our review and analysis reinforces the notion to employ both novel as well as existing inhibitors of the ALDH1A1 protein against AML.
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56
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Zhao Y, Peng H. The Role of N 6-Methyladenosine (m 6A) Methylation Modifications in Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020332. [PMID: 35053496 PMCID: PMC8774242 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recently, despite the common application of various novel therapies (e.g., immunotherapy and stem cell transplantation) in hematologic tumors, hematologic malignancies remain suboptimal and have a worse prognosis due to the lack of donors and their high heterogeneity. Among them, epigenetic alterations (e.g., the abnormal modification of m6A) are essential to facilitate the progression of tumors and drug resistance. Our purpose in this study is to pinpoint the molecular targets of pathogenesis, as well as to analyze the oncogenic characteristics of m6A modifications. In this article, we, therefore, elaborate on the mechanisms of m6A modification and its role in normal hematopoietic regulation and malignant tumorigenesis, thus contributing to the refinement of molecularly targeted therapies. Abstract Epigenetics is identified as the study of heritable modifications in gene expression and regulation that do not involve DNA sequence alterations, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, etc. Importantly, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification is one of the most common epigenetic modifications of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA), which plays a key role in various cellular processes. It can not only mediate various RNA metabolic processes such as RNA splicing, translation, and decay under the catalytic regulation of related enzymes but can also affect the normal development of bone marrow hematopoiesis by regulating the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells in the hematopoietic microenvironment of bone marrow. In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated that m6A methylation modifications play an important role in the development and progression of hematologic malignancies (e.g., leukemia, lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndromes [MDS], multiple myeloma [MM], etc.). Targeting the inhibition of m6A-associated factors can contribute to increased susceptibility of patients with hematologic malignancies to therapeutic agents. Therefore, this review elaborates on the biological characteristics and normal hematopoietic regulatory functions of m6A methylation modifications and their role in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
- Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Hongling Peng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
- Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha 410011, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-731-85295296
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57
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Tran TM, Philipp J, Bassi JS, Nibber N, Draper JM, Lin TL, Palanichamy JK, Jaiswal AK, Silva O, Paing M, King J, Katzman S, Sanford JR, Rao DS. The RNA-binding protein IGF2BP3 is critical for MLL-AF4-mediated leukemogenesis. Leukemia 2022; 36:68-79. [PMID: 34321607 PMCID: PMC8727287 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in therapeutic approaches, patients with MLL-rearranged leukemia still have poor outcomes. Here, we find that the RNA-binding protein IGF2BP3, which is overexpressed in MLL-translocated leukemia, strongly amplifies MLL-Af4-mediated leukemogenesis. Deletion of Igf2bp3 significantly increases the survival of mice with MLL-Af4-driven leukemia and greatly attenuates disease, with a minimal impact on baseline hematopoiesis. At the cellular level, MLL-Af4 leukemia-initiating cells require Igf2bp3 for their function in leukemogenesis. At the molecular level, IGF2BP3 regulates a complex posttranscriptional operon governing leukemia cell survival and proliferation. IGF2BP3-targeted mRNA transcripts include important MLL-Af4-induced genes, such as those in the Hoxa locus, and the Ras signaling pathway. Targeting of transcripts by IGF2BP3 regulates both steady-state mRNA levels and, unexpectedly, pre-mRNA splicing. Together, our findings show that IGF2BP3 represents an attractive therapeutic target in this disease, providing important insights into mechanisms of posttranscriptional regulation in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M Tran
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Ph.D. Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Julia Philipp
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Jaspal Singh Bassi
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Neha Nibber
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jolene M Draper
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Tasha L Lin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Doctoral Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jayanth Kumar Palanichamy
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Amit Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Oscar Silva
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - May Paing
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer King
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sol Katzman
- UCSC Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Jeremy R Sanford
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Dinesh S Rao
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Ph.D. Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Zhang J, He P, Wang X, Wei S, Ma L, Zhao J. A Novel Model of Tumor-Infiltrating B Lymphocyte Specific RNA-Binding Protein-Related Genes With Potential Prognostic Value and Therapeutic Targets in Multiple Myeloma. Front Genet 2021; 12:778715. [PMID: 34976013 PMCID: PMC8719635 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.778715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) act as important regulators in the progression of tumors. However, their role in the tumorigenesis and prognostic assessment in multiple myeloma (MM), a B-cell hematological cancer, remains elusive. Thus, the current study was designed to explore a novel prognostic B-cell-specific RBP signature and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Data used in the current study were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Significantly upregulated RBPs in B cells were defined as B cell-specific RBPs. The biological functions of B-cell-specific RBPs were analyzed by the cluster Profiler package. Univariate and multivariate regressions were performed to identify robust prognostic B-cell specific RBP signatures, followed by the construction of the risk classification model. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)-identified pathways were enriched in stratified groups. The microenvironment of the low- and high-risk groups was analyzed by single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA). Moreover, the correlations among the risk score and differentially expressed immune checkpoints or differentially distributed immune cells were calculated. The drug sensitivity of the low- and high-risk groups was assessed via Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer by the pRRophetic algorithm. In addition, we utilized a GEO dataset involving patients with MM receiving bortezomib therapy to estimate the treatment response between different groups. Results: A total of 56 B-cell-specific RBPs were identified, which were mainly enriched in ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis and the ribosome pathway. ADAR, FASTKD1 and SNRPD3 were identified as prognostic B-cell specific RBP signatures in MM. The risk model was constructed based on ADAR, FASTKD1 and SNRPD3. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves revealed the good predictive capacity of the risk model. A nomogram based on the risk score and other independent prognostic factors exhibited excellent performance in predicting the overall survival of MM patients. GSEA showed enrichment of the Notch signaling pathway and mRNA cis-splicing via spliceosomes in the high-risk group. Moreover, we found that the infiltration of diverse immune cell subtypes and the expression of CD274, CD276, CTLA4 and VTCN1 were significantly different between the two groups. In addition, the IC50 values of 11 drugs were higher in the low-risk group. Patients in the low-risk group exhibited a higher complete response rate to bortezomib therapy. Conclusion: Our study identified novel prognostic B-cell-specific RBP biomarkers in MM and constructed a unique risk model for predicting MM outcomes. Moreover, we explored the immune-related mechanisms of B cell-specific RBPs in regulating MM. Our findings could pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies to improve the prognosis of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Pengcheng He
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Suhua Wei
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Le Ma
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Zhao,
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Pauli C, Kienhöfer M, Göllner S, Müller-Tidow C. Epitranscriptomic modifications in acute myeloid leukemia: m 6A and 2'- O-methylation as targets for novel therapeutic strategies. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1531-1546. [PMID: 34634841 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Modifications of RNA commonly occur in all species. Multiple enzymes are involved as writers, erasers and readers of these modifications. Many RNA modifications or the respective enzymes are associated with human disease and especially cancer. Currently, the mechanisms how RNA modifications impact on a large number of intracellular processes are emerging and knowledge about the pathogenetic role of RNA modifications increases. In Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), the N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has emerged as an important modulator of leukemogenesis. The writer proteins METTL3 and METTL14 are both involved in AML pathogenesis and might be suitable therapeutic targets. Recently, close links between 2'-O-methylation (2'-O-me) of ribosomal RNA and leukemogenesis were discovered. The AML1-ETO oncofusion protein which specifically occurs in a subset of AML was found to depend on induction of snoRNAs and 2'-O-me for leukemogenesis. Also, NPM1, an important tumor suppressor in AML, was associated with altered snoRNAs and 2'-O-me. These findings point toward novel pathogenetic mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions. The current knowledge and the implications are the topic of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Pauli
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kienhöfer
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Göllner
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)-Heidelberg University Hospital, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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60
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Rice S, Jackson T, Crump NT, Fordham N, Elliott N, O'Byrne S, Fanego MDML, Addy D, Crabb T, Dryden C, Inglott S, Ladon D, Wright G, Bartram J, Ancliff P, Mead AJ, Halsey C, Roberts I, Milne TA, Roy A. A human fetal liver-derived infant MLL-AF4 acute lymphoblastic leukemia model reveals a distinct fetal gene expression program. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6905. [PMID: 34824279 PMCID: PMC8616957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 90% of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are now cured, the prognosis for infant-ALL remains dismal. Infant-ALL is usually caused by a single genetic hit that arises in utero: an MLL/KMT2A gene rearrangement (MLL-r). This is sufficient to induce a uniquely aggressive and treatment-refractory leukemia compared to older children. The reasons for disparate outcomes in patients of different ages with identical driver mutations are unknown. Using the most common MLL-r in infant-ALL, MLL-AF4, as a disease model, we show that fetal-specific gene expression programs are maintained in MLL-AF4 infant-ALL but not in MLL-AF4 childhood-ALL. We use CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of primary human fetal liver hematopoietic cells to produce a t(4;11)/MLL-AF4 translocation, which replicates the clinical features of infant-ALL and drives infant-ALL-specific and fetal-specific gene expression programs. These data support the hypothesis that fetal-specific gene expression programs cooperate with MLL-AF4 to initiate and maintain the distinct biology of infant-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Rice
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Jackson
- Department of Paediatrics and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas T Crump
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas Fordham
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natalina Elliott
- Department of Paediatrics and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sorcha O'Byrne
- Department of Paediatrics and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Dilys Addy
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Trisevgeni Crabb
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Carryl Dryden
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Sarah Inglott
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Dariusz Ladon
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Gary Wright
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Jack Bartram
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Philip Ancliff
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Adam J Mead
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Halsey
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Irene Roberts
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Paediatrics and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas A Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Anindita Roy
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Paediatrics and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Lin XT, Yu HQ, Fang L, Tan Y, Liu ZY, Wu D, Zhang J, Xiong HJ, Xie CM. Elevated FBXO45 promotes liver tumorigenesis through enhancing IGF2BP1 ubiquitination and subsequent PLK1 upregulation. eLife 2021; 10:e70715. [PMID: 34779401 PMCID: PMC8641947 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of tumor-relevant proteins may contribute to human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis. FBXO45 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is frequently elevated expression in human HCC. However, it remains unknown whether FBXO45 is associated with hepatocarcinogenesis and how to treat HCC patients with high FBXO45 expression. Here, IHC and qPCR analysis revealed that FBXO45 protein and mRNA were highly expressed in 54.3% (57 of 105) and 52.2% (132 of 253) of the HCC tissue samples, respectively. Highly expressed FBXO45 promoted liver tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. Mechanistically, FBXO45 promoted IGF2BP1 ubiquitination at the Lys190 and Lys450 sites and subsequent activation, leading to the upregulation of PLK1 expression and the induction of cell proliferation and liver tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. PLK1 inhibition or IGF2BP1 knockdown significantly blocked FBXO45-driven liver tumorigenesis in FBXO45 transgenic mice, primary cells, and HCCs. Furthermore, IHC analysis on HCC tissue samples revealed a positive association between the hyperexpression of FBXO45 and PLK1/IGF2BP1, and both had positive relationship with poor survival in HCC patients. Thus, FBXO45 plays an important role in promoting liver tumorigenesis through IGF2BP1 ubiquitination and activation, and subsequent PLK1 upregulation, suggesting a new strategy for treating HCC by targeting FBXO45/IGF2BP1/PLK1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Hong-Qiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Lei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Ye Tan
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Ze-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Hao-Jun Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Chuan-Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
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62
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Zou Y, Zhong C, Hu Z, Duan S. MiR-873-5p: A Potential Molecular Marker for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743701. [PMID: 34676171 PMCID: PMC8523946 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-873 is a microRNA located on chromosome 9p21.1. miR-873-5p and miR-873-3p are the two main members of the miR-873 family. Most studies focus on miR-873-5p, and there are a few studies on miR-873-3p. The expression level of miR-873-5p was down-regulated in 14 cancers and up-regulated in 4 cancers. miR-873-5p has many targeted genes, which have unique molecular functions such as catalytic activity, transcription regulation, and binding. miR-873-5p affects cancer development through the PIK3/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-Catenin, NF-κβ, and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. In addition, the target genes of miR-873-5p are closely related to the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, cell cycle, cell stemness, and glycolysis of cancer cells. The target genes of miR-873-5p are also related to the efficacy of several anti-cancer drugs. Currently, in cancer, the expression of miR-873-5p is regulated by a variety of epigenetic factors. This review summarizes the role and mechanism of miR-873-5p in human tumors shows the potential value of miR-873-5p as a molecular marker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China.,Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenming Zhong
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Zekai Hu
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China.,Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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63
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Yang Y, Wu J, Liu F, He J, Wu F, Chen J, Jiang Z. IGF2BP1 Promotes the Liver Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype by Regulating MGAT5 mRNA Stability by m6A RNA Methylation. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:1115-1125. [PMID: 34514861 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action of the insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) on the phenotype of the liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs). To gain insight into the mechanism of action of the IGF2BP1 on LCSCs, the IGF2BP1 shRNA sequences were transfected into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The LCSC phenotypes were measured by stemness gene expressions, spheroid formations, percentages of the CD133+ cells, colony formations, and tumorigenesis in vivo. Next, we screened for possible molecular mechanisms from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and a methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (MeRIP-qPCR) was used to adjust the binding of IGF2BP1 to the target gene, alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (MGAT5). The MeRIP-qPCR was used to detect the binding of IGF2BP1 and MGAT5 through N6 methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Furthermore, we adjusted the attenuation of the mRNA of the MGAT5 using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The IGF2BP1 was upregulated in the LCSCs. Furthermore, the IGF2BP1 promoted self-renewal and chemoresistance in human LCSCs and tumorigenesis in mice and it enhanced the expression of stemness genes in the LCSCs compared with the HCC cells. Further exploration indicated that the IGF2BP1 binds directly to the MGAT5 and inhibits its mRNA attenuation, suggesting that the IGF2BP1 impacts MGAT5 mRNA stability through m6A modification. Thus, it can be concluded that the IGF2BP1 facilitated the LCSC phenotypes by promoting the MGAT5 mRNA stability through the upregulation of m6A modification of the MGAT5 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Fuqiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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64
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Wang P, Feng M, Han G, Yin R, Li Y, Yao S, Lu P, Wang Y, Zhang H. RNA m 6A Modification Plays a Key Role in Maintaining Stem Cell Function in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:710964. [PMID: 34485297 PMCID: PMC8414639 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.710964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a commonly modification of mammalian mRNAs and plays key roles in various cellular processes. Emerging evidence reveals the importance of RNA m6A modification in maintaining stem cell function in normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. In this review, we first briefly summarize the latest advances in RNA m6A biology, and further highlight the roles of m6A writers, readers and erasers in normal hematopoiesis and acute myeloid leukemia. Moreover, we also discuss the mechanisms of these m6A modifiers in preserving the function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemia stem cells (LSCs), as well as potential strategies for targeting m6A modification related pathways. Overall, we provide a comprehensive summary and our insights into the field of RNA m6A in normal hematopoiesis and leukemia pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengdie Feng
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoqiang Han
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Yin
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yashu Li
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuxin Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengbo Lu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haojian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,RNA Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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65
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Lin G, Fei Y, Zhang Y. Hsa-circ_0003420 induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia stem cells and impairs stem cell properties. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:622-631. [PMID: 34477035 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1963272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of circular RNA-0003420 (circ_0003420) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) relapse and leukemia stem cells (LSCs) properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS TRIzol reagent was used to extract total RNA from AML tissues or cells. Cell viability was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 and EdU staining assays. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared with normal hematopoietic stem cells, circular RNA hsa-circ_0003420 expression was considerably decreased in non-m3 AML stem cells. Furthermore, the lack of hsa-circ_0003420 is correlated with poor clinical results and impaired therapeutic effects in AML. Overexpression of hsa-circ_0003420 via transfection caused LSC death and inhibited the characteristics of leukemia tumor stem cells, including expression of Homeobox B4 (HOXB4), MYB, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1) axis. Furthermore, hsa-circ_0003420 targets the mRNA of insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) and hsa-circ_0003420 expression markedly repressed IGF2BP1 levels in LSCs. Restoration of IGF2BP1 eliminated the effect of hsa-circ_0003420 on the replication, apoptosis, and LSC phenotype of KG-1a cells. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Up-regulation of hsa-circ_0003420 expression in LSCs caused redox disorder, inflammation and apoptosis, suggesting that this protein could be used as a target for the treatment AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Lin
- Department of Hematology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College and Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Yingying Fei
- Department of Hematology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College and Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College and Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
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66
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Zhang Z, Zhang C, Luo Y, Zhang G, Wu P, Sun N, He J. RNA N 6 -methyladenosine modification in the lethal teamwork of cancer stem cells and the tumor immune microenvironment: Current landscape and therapeutic potential. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e525. [PMID: 34586737 PMCID: PMC8473646 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A), the newest and most prevalent layer of internal epigenetic modification in eukaryotic mRNA, has been demonstrated to play a critical role in cancer biology. Increasing evidence has highlighted that the interaction between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is the root cause of tumorigenesis, metastasis, therapy resistance, and recurrence. In recent studies, the m6 A modification has been tightly linked to this CSC-TIME interplay, participating in the regulation of CSCs and TIME remolding. Interestingly, the m6 A modification has also been identified as a novel decisive factor in the efficacy of immunotherapies-particularly anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapies-by changing the plasticity of the TIME. Given the functional importance of the m6 A modification in the crosstalk between CSCs and the TIME, targeting m6 A regulators will open new avenues to overcome therapeutic resistance, especially for immune checkpoint-based immunotherapy. In the present review, we summarize the current landscape of m6 A modifications in CSCs and the TIME, and also prospect the underling role of m6 A modifications at the crossroads of CSCs and the TIME for the first time. Additionally, to provide the possibility of modulating m6 A modifications as an emerging therapeutic strategy, we also explore the burgeoning inhibitors and technologies targeting m6 A regulators. Lastly, considering recent advances in m6 A-seq technologies and cancer drug development, we propose the future directions of m6 A modification in clinical applications, which may not only help to improve individualized monitoring and therapy but also provide enhanced and durable responses in patients with insensitive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yuejun Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Guochao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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67
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Ying Y, Ma X, Fang J, Chen S, Wang W, Li J, Xie H, Wu J, Xie B, Liu B, Wang X, Zheng X, Xie L. EGR2-mediated regulation of m 6A reader IGF2BP proteins drive RCC tumorigenesis and metastasis via enhancing S1PR3 mRNA stabilization. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:750. [PMID: 34326314 PMCID: PMC8322060 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Emerging discoveries of dynamic and reversible N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on RNA in mammals have revealed the key roles of the modification in human tumorigenesis. As known m6A readers, insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs) are upregulated in most cancers and mediates the enhancement of m6A-modified mRNAs stability. However, the mechanisms of IGF2BPs in renal cell cancer (RCC) still remain unclear. Bioinformatic analysis and RT-qPCR were performed to evaluate the expression of IGF2BPs and m6A writer Wilms tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP) in RCC samples and its correlation with patient prognosis. In vitro, in vivo biological assays were performed to investigate the functions of IGF2BPs and WTAP in RCC. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR (ChIP-qPCR) combined with bioinformatics analysis and following western blot assay, dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to validate the regulatory relationships between transcription factor (TF) early growth response 2 (EGR2) and potential target genes IGF2BPs. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (MERIP-qPCR), RIP-qPCR, m6A dot blot, and dual-luciferase reporter assays combined with bioinformatics analysis were employed to screen and validate the direct targets of IGF2BPs and WTAP. Here, we showed that early growth response 2 (EGR2) transcription factor could increase IGF2BPs expression in RCC. IGF2BPs in turn regulated sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3) expression in an m6A-dependent manner by enhancing the stability of S1PR3 mRNA. They also promoted kidney tumorigenesis via PI3K/AKT pathway. Furthermore, IGF2BPs and WTAP upregulation predicted poor overall survival in RCC. Our studies showed that the EGR2/IGF2BPs regulatory axis and m6A-dependent regulation of S1PR3-driven RCC tumorigenesis, which enrich the m6A-modulated regulatory network in renal cell cancer. Together, our findings provide new evidence for the role of N6-methyladenosine modification in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Ying
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueyou Ma
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajie Fang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiming Chen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiangfeng Li
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyun Xie
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiangyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Guo W, Wang H, Chen P, Shen X, Zhang B, Liu J, Peng H, Xiao X. Identification and Characterization of Multiple Myeloma Stem Cell-Like Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143523. [PMID: 34298738 PMCID: PMC8306148 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell tumor of the blood system with high incidence and poor prognosis. With a further understanding of the pathogenesis of MM and the bone marrow microenvironment, a variety of adjuvant cell therapies and new drugs have been developed. However, the drug resistance and high relapse rate of MM have not been fundamentally resolved. Studies have shown that, in patients with MM, there is a type of poorly differentiated progenitor cell (MM stem cell-like cells, MMSCs). Although there is no recognized standard for identification and classification, it is confirmed that they are closely related to the drug resistance and relapse of MM. This article therefore systematically summarizes the latest developments in MMSCs with possible markers of MMSCs, introduces the mechanism of how MMSCs work in MM resistance and recurrence, and discusses the active pathways that related to stemness of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancheng Guo
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (W.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
- Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (P.C.); (X.S.); (B.Z.)
| | - Haiqin Wang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (W.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Peng Chen
- Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (P.C.); (X.S.); (B.Z.)
| | - Xiaokai Shen
- Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (P.C.); (X.S.); (B.Z.)
| | - Boxin Zhang
- Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (P.C.); (X.S.); (B.Z.)
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (W.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (W.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.P.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-731-85295296 (H.P.); +86-731-84805449 (X.X.)
| | - Xiaojuan Xiao
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (W.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.P.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-731-85295296 (H.P.); +86-731-84805449 (X.X.)
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69
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Cheng Y, Xie W, Pickering BF, Chu KL, Savino AM, Yang X, Luo H, Nguyen DT, Mo S, Barin E, Velleca A, Rohwetter TM, Patel DJ, Jaffrey SR, Kharas MG. N 6-Methyladenosine on mRNA facilitates a phase-separated nuclear body that suppresses myeloid leukemic differentiation. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:958-972.e8. [PMID: 34048709 PMCID: PMC8282764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) on mRNAs mediates different biological processes and its dysregulation contributes to tumorigenesis. How m6A dictates its diverse molecular and cellular effects in leukemias remains unknown. We found that YTHDC1 is the essential m6A reader in myeloid leukemia from a genome-wide CRISPR screen and that m6A is required for YTHDC1 to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation and form nuclear YTHDC1-m6A condensates (nYACs). The number of nYACs increases in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells compared with normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. AML cells require the nYACs to maintain cell survival and the undifferentiated state that is critical for leukemia maintenance. Furthermore, nYACs enable YTHDC1 to protect m6A-mRNAs from the PAXT complex and exosome-associated RNA degradation. Collectively, m6A is required for the formation of a nuclear body mediated by phase separation that maintains mRNA stability and control cancer cell survival and differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine/chemistry
- Adenosine/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA Methylation
- Female
- Hematopoiesis
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/prevention & control
- Liquid-Liquid Extraction
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Phase Transition
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- RNA Splicing Factors/genetics
- RNA Splicing Factors/metabolism
- RNA Stability
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Cheng
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Xie
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brian F Pickering
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen L Chu
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Angela M Savino
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuejing Yang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanzhi Luo
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diu Tt Nguyen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shanlan Mo
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ersilia Barin
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Velleca
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas M Rohwetter
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dinshaw J Patel
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Samie R Jaffrey
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael G Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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70
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Son SW, Yun BD, Song MG, Lee JK, Choi SY, Kuh HJ, Park JK. The Hypoxia-Long Noncoding RNA Interaction in Solid Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147261. [PMID: 34298879 PMCID: PMC8307739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the representative microenvironment features in cancer and is considered to be associated with the dismal prognosis of patients. Hypoxia-driven cellular pathways are largely regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and notably exert influence on the hallmarks of cancer, such as stemness, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and the resistance towards apoptotic cell death and therapeutic resistance; therefore, hypoxia has been considered as a potential hurdle for cancer therapy. Growing evidence has demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dysregulated in cancer and take part in gene regulatory networks owing to their various modes of action through interacting with proteins and microRNAs. In this review, we focus attention on the relationship between hypoxia/HIFs and lncRNAs, in company with the possibility of lncRNAs as candidate molecules for controlling cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Wan Son
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.W.S.); (B.D.Y.); (M.G.S.); (J.K.L.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Ba Da Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.W.S.); (B.D.Y.); (M.G.S.); (J.K.L.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Mun Gyu Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.W.S.); (B.D.Y.); (M.G.S.); (J.K.L.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Jin Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.W.S.); (B.D.Y.); (M.G.S.); (J.K.L.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.W.S.); (B.D.Y.); (M.G.S.); (J.K.L.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Hyo Jeong Kuh
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Jong Kook Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (S.W.S.); (B.D.Y.); (M.G.S.); (J.K.L.); (S.Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-248-2114
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71
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Zheng X, Gong Y. Functions of RNA N 6-methyladenosine modification in acute myeloid leukemia. Biomark Res 2021; 9:36. [PMID: 34001273 PMCID: PMC8130309 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy with an unfavorable prognosis. A better understanding of AML pathogenesis and chemotherapy resistance at the molecular level is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Apart from DNA methylation and histone modification, RNA epigenetic modification, another layer of epigenetic modification, also plays a critical role in gene expression regulation. Among the more than 150 kinds of RNA epigenetic modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal mRNA modification in eukaryotes and is involved in various biological processes, such as circadian rhythms, adipogenesis, T cell homeostasis, spermatogenesis, and the heat shock response. As a reversible and dynamic modification, m6A is deposited on specific target RNA molecules by methyltransferases and is removed by demethylases. Moreover, m6A binding proteins recognize m6A modifications, influencing RNA splicing, stability, translation, nuclear export, and localization at the posttranscriptional level. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of m6A modification is involved in tumorigenesis, including that of AML. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances regarding the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of m6A RNA methylation in normal hematopoiesis, leukemia cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, therapeutic resistance, and leukemia stem cell/leukemia initiating cell (LSC/LIC) self-renewal. In addition, we discuss how m6A regulators are closely correlated with the clinical features of AML patients and may serve as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zheng
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuping Gong
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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72
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Song D, Hou J, Wu J, Wang J. Role of N 6-Methyladenosine RNA Modification in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:659628. [PMID: 34026872 PMCID: PMC8138049 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.659628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite treatments being improved and many risk factors being identified, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common, abundant, and conserved internal modification in RNAs and plays an important role in the development of CVD. Many studies have shown that aabnormal m6A modifications of coding RNAs are involved in the development of CVD. In addition, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) exert post-transcriptional regulation in many diseases including CVD. Although ncRNAs have also been found to be modified by m6A, the studies on m6A modifications of ncRNAs in CVD are currently lacking. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in understanding m6A modifications in the context of coding RNAs and ncRNAs, as well as their regulatory roles in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianhua Hou
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junduo Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junnan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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73
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Mazzio E, Badisa R, Mack N, Cassim S, Zdralevic M, Pouyssegur J, Soliman KFA. Whole-transcriptome Analysis of Fully Viable Energy Efficient Glycolytic-null Cancer Cells Established by Double Genetic Knockout of Lactate Dehydrogenase A/B or Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 17:469-497. [PMID: 32859627 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Nearly all mammalian tumors of diverse tissues are believed to be dependent on fermentative glycolysis, marked by elevated production of lactic acid and expression of glycolytic enzymes, most notably lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH). Therefore, there has been significant interest in developing chemotherapy drugs that selectively target various isoforms of the LDH enzyme. However, considerable questions remain as to the consequences of biological ablation of LDH or upstream targeting of the glycolytic pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we explore the biochemical and whole transcriptomic effects of CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockout (KO) of lactate dehydrogenases A and B [LDHA/B double KO (DKO)] and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI KO) in the human colon cancer cell line LS174T, using Affymetrix 2.1 ST arrays. RESULTS The metabolic biochemical profiles corroborate that relative to wild type (WT), LDHA/B DKO produced no lactic acid, (GPI KO) produced minimal lactic acid and both KOs displayed higher mitochondrial respiration, and minimal use of glucose with no loss of cell viability. These findings show a high biochemical energy efficiency as measured by ATP in glycolysis-null cells. Next, transcriptomic analysis conducted on 48,226 mRNA transcripts reflect 273 differentially expressed genes (DEGS) in the GPI KO clone set, 193 DEGS in the LDHA/B DKO clone set with 47 DEGs common to both KO clones. Glycolytic-null cells reflect up-regulation in gene transcripts typically associated with nutrient deprivation / fasting and possible use of fats for energy: thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2). Other changes in non-ergometric transcripts in both KOs show losses in "stemness", WNT signaling pathway, chemo/radiation resistance, retinoic acid synthesis, drug detoxification, androgen/estrogen activation, and extracellular matrix reprogramming genes. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that: 1) The "Warburg effect" is dispensable, 2) loss of the LDHAB gene is not only inconsequential to viability but fosters greater mitochondrial energy, and 3) drugs that target LDHA/B are likely to be ineffective without a plausible combination second drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mazzio
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Ramesh Badisa
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Nzinga Mack
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Shamir Cassim
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Masa Zdralevic
- University Côte d'Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, Centre A. Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco .,University Côte d'Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, Centre A. Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A.
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74
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Cheng Q, Wu Y, Xia H, Song X. RGL2 as an age-dependent factor regulates colon cancer progression. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2190-2201. [PMID: 33995912 PMCID: PMC8102141 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death, and exhibited clinical differences among patients of different ages, including malignancy, metastasis, and mortality rate. Few studies, however, focus on the communications between aging and colon cancer. Here we identified age-dependent differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in colon cancer using TCGA transcriptome data. Through analyzing multi-omics high throughput data, including ATAC-Seq, DNaseI-Seq and ChIP-Seq, we obtained six age-dependent transcription factors in colon cancer, and their age-dependent targets, significantly affecting patients' overall survivals. Transcription factor ETS1 potentially functioned in both aging process and colon cancer progression through regulating its targets, RGL2 and SLC2A3. In addition, comparing with its relative lower expression levels in elderly patients, higher levels of RGL2 were detected in young patients, and significantly associated with larger tumor size, higher metastasis, and invasions of colon cancer, consistent with the clinical traits that young patients' colon cancer exhibited late stages with more aggressiveness. Thus, these elements may serve as keys linking aging and colon cancer, and providing new insights and basis for mechanism researches, as well as diagnosis and therapies of colon cancer, especially in young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Yupeng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Honghai Xia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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75
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Yao L, Yin H, Hong M, Wang Y, Yu T, Teng Y, Li T, Wu Q. RNA methylation in hematological malignancies and its interactions with other epigenetic modifications. Leukemia 2021; 35:1243-1257. [PMID: 33767371 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hematological malignancies are a class of malignant neoplasms attributed to abnormal differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The systemic involvement, poor prognosis, chemotherapy resistance, and recurrence common in hematological malignancies urge researchers to look for novel treatment targets and mechanisms. In recent years, epigenetic abnormalities have been shown to play a vital role in tumorigenesis and progression in hematological malignancies. In addition to DNA methylation and histone modifications, which are most studied, RNA methylation has become increasingly significant. In this review, we elaborate recent advances in the understanding of RNA modification in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and molecular targeted therapies of hematological malignancies and discuss its intricate interactions with other epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Hong
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Teng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuling Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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76
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Biegel JM, Dhamdhere M, Gao S, Gowda CP, Kawasawa YI, Spiegelman VS. Inhibition of the mRNA-Binding Protein IGF2BP1 Suppresses Proliferation and Sensitizes Neuroblastoma Cells to Chemotherapeutic Agents. Front Oncol 2021; 11:608816. [PMID: 33796454 PMCID: PMC8008117 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.608816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gain at chromosome 17q21 in neuroblastoma is associated with a poor prognosis, independent of MYCN amplification status. Several potential proto-oncogenes have been identified in this region, one of them-insulin-like growth-factor-2 mRNA binding protein (IGF2BP1)-is expressed at high levels in stage 4 tumors, and associated with overall lower patient survival. Here, we demonstrate that down-regulation of IGF2BP1 activity, either by transcript silencing or chemical inhibition, suppresses neuroblastoma cell growth. Furthermore, the combination of IGF2BP1 inhibition along with commonly used chemotherapeutics that broadly affect DNA synthesis, or cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors that disrupt signal transduction, have a synergistic effect on the suppression of neuroblastoma cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Biegel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pediatric Department, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Mayura Dhamdhere
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pediatric Department, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Chethana P. Gowda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pediatric Department, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Vladimir S. Spiegelman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pediatric Department, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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77
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Zhao Y, Chen Y, Jin M, Wang J. The crosstalk between m 6A RNA methylation and other epigenetic regulators: a novel perspective in epigenetic remodeling. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4549-4566. [PMID: 33754077 PMCID: PMC7977459 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation involves a range of sophisticated processes which contribute to heritable alterations in gene expression without altering DNA sequence. Regulatory events predominantly include DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and RNA modification. As the most prevalent RNA modification in eukaryotic cells, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation actively participates in the modulation of RNA metabolism. Notably, accumulating evidence has revealed complicated interrelations occurring between m6A and other well-known epigenetic modifications. Their crosstalk conspicuously triggers epigenetic remodeling, further yielding profound impacts on a variety of physiological and pathological processes, especially tumorigenesis. Herein, we provide an up-to-date review of this emerging hot area of biological research, summarizing the interplay between m6A RNA methylation and other epigenetic regulators, and highlighting their underlying functions in epigenetic reprogramming.
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78
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Jiang X, Liu B, Nie Z, Duan L, Xiong Q, Jin Z, Yang C, Chen Y. The role of m6A modification in the biological functions and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:74. [PMID: 33611339 PMCID: PMC7897327 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 739] [Impact Index Per Article: 246.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent, abundant and conserved internal cotranscriptional modification in eukaryotic RNAs, especially within higher eukaryotic cells. m6A modification is modified by the m6A methyltransferases, or writers, such as METTL3/14/16, RBM15/15B, ZC3H3, VIRMA, CBLL1, WTAP, and KIAA1429, and, removed by the demethylases, or erasers, including FTO and ALKBH5. It is recognized by m6A-binding proteins YTHDF1/2/3, YTHDC1/2 IGF2BP1/2/3 and HNRNPA2B1, also known as "readers". Recent studies have shown that m6A RNA modification plays essential role in both physiological and pathological conditions, especially in the initiation and progression of different types of human cancers. In this review, we discuss how m6A RNA methylation influences both the physiological and pathological progressions of hematopoietic, central nervous and reproductive systems. We will mainly focus on recent progress in identifying the biological functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms of m6A RNA methylation, its regulators and downstream target genes, during cancer progression in above systems. We propose that m6A RNA methylation process offer potential targets for cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Jiang
- grid.419010.d0000 0004 1792 7072Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, 650223 Kunming, Yunnan China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Baiyang Liu
- grid.419010.d0000 0004 1792 7072Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, 650223 Kunming, Yunnan China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Nie
- grid.419010.d0000 0004 1792 7072Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, 650223 Kunming, Yunnan China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China ,grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Kunming Medical University, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Lincan Duan
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Kunming Medical University, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Qiuxia Xiong
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Kunming Medical University, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Zhixian Jin
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Kunming Medical University, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Cuiping Yang
- grid.419010.d0000 0004 1792 7072Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, 650223 Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Yongbin Chen
- grid.419010.d0000 0004 1792 7072Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, 650223 Kunming, Yunnan China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223 Kunming, Yunnan China
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79
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Jackson TR, Ling RE, Roy A. The Origin of B-cells: Human Fetal B Cell Development and Implications for the Pathogenesis of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637975. [PMID: 33679795 PMCID: PMC7928347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human B-lymphopoiesis is a dynamic life-long process that starts in utero by around six post-conception weeks. A detailed understanding of human fetal B-lymphopoiesis and how it changes in postnatal life is vital for building a complete picture of normal B-lymphoid development through ontogeny, and its relevance in disease. B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is one of the most common cancers in children, with many of the leukemia-initiating events originating in utero. It is likely that the biology of B-ALL, including leukemia initiation, maintenance and progression depends on the developmental stage and type of B-lymphoid cell in which it originates. This is particularly important for early life leukemias, where specific characteristics of fetal B-cells might be key to determining how the disease behaves, including response to treatment. These cellular, molecular and/or epigenetic features are likely to change with age in a cell intrinsic and/or microenvironment directed manner. Most of our understanding of fetal B-lymphopoiesis has been based on murine data, but many recent studies have focussed on characterizing human fetal B-cell development, including functional and molecular assays at a single cell level. In this mini-review we will give a short overview of the recent advances in the understanding of human fetal B-lymphopoiesis, including its relevance to infant/childhood leukemia, and highlight future questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Jackson
- Department of Paediatrics and MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E Ling
- Department of Paediatrics and MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anindita Roy
- Department of Paediatrics and MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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80
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Elcheva IA, Spiegelman VS. Targeting RNA-binding proteins in acute and chronic leukemia. Leukemia 2021; 35:360-376. [PMID: 33149266 PMCID: PMC7868134 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a crucial role in cellular physiology by regulating RNA processing, translation, and turnover. In neoplasms, RBP support of cancer-relevant expression of alternatively spliced, modified, and stabilized mRNA transcripts is essential to self-renewal, proliferation, and adaptation to stress. In this review, we assess the impact of key families of RBPs in leukemogenesis, review progress in targeting those proteins with small molecules, and discuss how multilevel composition of posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression could be used for potential therapies in acute and chronic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Elcheva
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Vladimir S Spiegelman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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81
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Hu G, Jiang Q, Liu L, Peng H, Wang Y, Li S, Tang Y, Yu J, Yang J, Liu Z. Integrated Analysis of RNA-Binding Proteins Associated With the Prognosis and Immunosuppression in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck. Front Genet 2021; 11:571403. [PMID: 33505420 PMCID: PMC7831273 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.571403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) interacting with target RNAs play essential roles in RNA metabolism at the post-transcription level. Perturbations of RBPs can accelerate cancer development and cause dysregulation of the immune cell function and activity leading to evade immune destruction of cancer cells. However, few studies have systematically analyzed the potential prognostic value and functions of RBPs in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN). Here, for the first time, we comprehensively identified 92 differentially expressed RBPs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In the training set, a prognosis risk model was constructed with six RBPs, including NCBP2, MKRN3, MRPL47, AZGP1, IGF2BP2, and EZH2, and validated by the TCGA test set, the TCGA all set, and the GEO data set. In addition, the risk score was related to the clinical stage, T classification, and N classification. Furthermore, the high-risk score was significantly correlated with immunosuppression, and low expression of EZH2 and AZGP1 and high expression of IGF2BP2 were the main factors. Thus, the risk model may serve as a prognostic signature and offer highlights for individualized immunotherapy in SCCHN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsheng Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qingshan Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yaya Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shuyan Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yanhua Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
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82
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Zhan WL, Gao N, Tu GL, Tang H, Gao L, Xia Y. LncRNA LINC00689 Promotes the Tumorigenesis of Glioma via Mediation of miR-526b-3p/IGF2BP1 Axis. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 23:383-394. [PMID: 33389570 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioma ranks first among the aggressive brain tumors all over the world. LncRNA LINC00689 has been confirmed to play key roles in the progression of cancers, and LINC00689 was upregulated in glioma. However, the biological function of LINC00689 in glioma is unclear. qRT-PCR was applied to detect the expressions of LINC00689 and miR-526b-3p in glioma cells. Dual-luciferase report was performed to examine the relation among LINC00689, miR-526b-3p, and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1). Then, the growth, migration, and invasion of glioma cells were detected by colony formation, flow cytometry, and transwell assay, respectively. The expressions of p21, cleaved caspase 3, and MAPK signaling-related proteins in glioma cells were tested by western blotting. Finally, xenograft mice model was established to detect the effect of LINC00689 on tumor growth of glioma in vivo. LINC00689 was upregulated in glioma cells, while miR-526b-3p was downregulated. In addition, LINC00689 bound to miR-526b-3p, and IGFBP1 was targeted by miR-526b-3p. Moreover, LINC00689 knockdown or upregulation of miR-526b-3p inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells and induced the apoptosis. Consistently, the migration and invasion of glioma cells were notably reduced by LINC00689 shRNA/miR-526-3p mimics. miR-526b-3p inhibitor or IGF2BP1 upregulation could reverse the effect of LINC00689 knockdown or miR-526b-3p mimics. Finally, knockdown of LINC00689 inhibited the tumor growth of glioma in vivo through regulating miR-526b-3p/IGF2BP1/MAPK axis. In conclusion, silencing of LINC00689 could inhibit the tumorigenesis of glioma via mediation of miR-526b-3p/IGF2BP1 axis. LINC00689 may serve as a new target for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Liang Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital at Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43, People's Avenue, Haidian Island, Haikou, 570208, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital at Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43, People's Avenue, Haidian Island, Haikou, 570208, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Long Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital at Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43, People's Avenue, Haidian Island, Haikou, 570208, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital at Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43, People's Avenue, Haidian Island, Haikou, 570208, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital at Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43, People's Avenue, Haidian Island, Haikou, 570208, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital at Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43, People's Avenue, Haidian Island, Haikou, 570208, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China.
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83
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Xie S, Chen W, Chen K, Chang Y, Yang F, Lin A, Shu Q, Zhou T, Yan X. Emerging roles of RNA methylation in gastrointestinal cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:585. [PMID: 33372610 PMCID: PMC7720447 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01679-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA methylation has emerged as a fundamental process in epigenetic regulation. Accumulating evidences indicate that RNA methylation is essential for many biological functions, and its dysregulation is associated with human cancer progression, particularly in gastrointestinal cancers. RNA methylation has a variety of biological properties, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 2-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C) and 7-methyl guanosine (m7G). Dynamic and reversible methylation on RNA is mediated by RNA modifying proteins called "writers" (methyltransferases) and "erasers" (demethylases). "Readers" (modified RNA binding proteins) recognize and bind to RNA methylation sites, which influence the splicing, stability or translation of modified RNAs. Herein, we summarize the biological functions and mechanisms of these well-known RNA methylations, especially focusing on the roles of m6A in gastrointestinal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xie
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kanghua Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongxia Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Aifu Lin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Xiaoyi Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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84
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Guo C, Shao T, Jiang X, Wei D, Wang Z, Li M, Bao G. Comprehensive analysis of the functions and prognostic significance of RNA-binding proteins in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:7160-7173. [PMID: 33312357 PMCID: PMC7724358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are reported in various cancer types; however, the role of RBPs in bladder urothelial cancer (BLCA) remains unknown. This study aimed to systematically examine the function and prognostic significance of RBPs in bladder cancer using bioinformatics analyses. RNA sequencing and clinical data for BLCA were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and differentially expressed RBPs (DERBPs) between normal and cancer tissues were identified. A total of 388 DERBPs were identified, including 219 upregulated and 169 downregulated RBPs. All RBPs were screened for the prognostic model establishment and 9 RBPs (TRIM71, YTHDC1, DARS2, XPOT, ZNF106, FTO, IPO7, EFTUD2, and CTU1) were regarded as prognosis-related hub RBPs in BLCA. Further analysis revealed worse overall survival (OS) in the high-risk cohort compared to the model-based low-risk cohort. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.752 in the training group and 0.701 in the testing group, which supports the strength of its predictive ability. A nomogram was established according to nine prognosis-related RBPs, which showed strong predictive ability for BLCA. The C-indices of the nomogram were 0.7033 in the training group, and 0.6295 in the testing group. The prognosis-related hub RBPs may be involved in oncogenesis, development, and metastasis of BLCA. Our results will be of great significance in revealing the pathogenesis of BLCA, and developing new therapeutic targets and prognostic molecular markers for BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgang Guo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng UniversityChifeng 024000, China
- Urology Research Center, Chifeng UniversityChifeng 024000, China
| | - Ting Shao
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng UniversityChifeng 024000, China
| | - Xiling Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng UniversityChifeng 024000, China
| | - Dadong Wei
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng UniversityChifeng 024000, China
| | - Zhanhua Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng UniversityChifeng 024000, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng UniversityChifeng 024000, China
| | - Guochang Bao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng UniversityChifeng 024000, China
- Urology Research Center, Chifeng UniversityChifeng 024000, China
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85
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Li Y, Kong W, Yang W, Patel RM, Casey EB, Okeyo-Owuor T, White JM, Porter SN, Morris SA, Magee JA. Single-Cell Analysis of Neonatal HSC Ontogeny Reveals Gradual and Uncoordinated Transcriptional Reprogramming that Begins before Birth. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:732-747.e7. [PMID: 32822583 PMCID: PMC7655695 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fetal and adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have distinct proliferation rates, lineage biases, gene expression profiles, and gene dependencies. Although these differences are widely recognized, it is not clear how the transition from fetal to adult identity is coordinated. Here we show that murine HSCs and committed hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) undergo a gradual, rather than precipitous, transition from fetal to adult transcriptional states. The transition begins prior to birth and is punctuated by a late prenatal spike in type I interferon signaling that promotes perinatal HPC expansion and sensitizes progenitors to the leukemogenic FLT3ITD mutation. Most other changes in gene expression and enhancer activation are imprecisely timed and poorly coordinated. Thus, heterochronic enhancer elements, and their associated transcripts, are activated independently of one another rather than as part of a robust network. This simplifies the regulatory programs that guide neonatal HSC/HPC ontogeny, but it creates heterogeneity within these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wenjun Kong
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Riddhi M Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emily B Casey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Theresa Okeyo-Owuor
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - J Michael White
- Department of Pathology and Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shaina N Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Samantha A Morris
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Jeffrey A Magee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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86
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Papadopoulou M, Sanchez Sanchez G, Vermijlen D. Innate and adaptive γδ T cells: How, when, and why. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:99-116. [PMID: 33146423 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells comprise the third cell lineage of lymphocytes that use, like αβ T cells and B cells, V(D)J gene rearrangement with the potential to generate a highly diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. There is no obvious conservation of γδ T cell subsets (based on TCR repertoire and/or function) between mice and human, leading to the notion that human and mouse γδ T cells are highly different. In this review, we focus on human γδ T cells, building on recent studies using high-throughput sequencing to analyze the TCR repertoire in various settings. We make then the comparison with mouse γδ T cell subsets highlighting the similarities and differences and describe the remarkable changes during lifespan of innate and adaptive γδ T cells. Finally, we propose mechanisms contributing to the generation of innate versus adaptive γδ T cells. We conclude that key elements related to the generation of the γδ TCR repertoire and γδ T cell activation/development are conserved between human and mice, highlighting the similarities between these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papadopoulou
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Belgium
| | - Guillem Sanchez Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Belgium
| | - David Vermijlen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Belgium
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87
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Xu Z, Peng B, Cai Y, Wu G, Huang J, Gao M, Guo G, Zeng S, Gong Z, Yan Y. N6-methyladenosine RNA modification in cancer therapeutic resistance: Current status and perspectives. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114258. [PMID: 33017575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Several strategies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have improved therapeutic outcomes among cancer patients in clinical practice. However, due to their heterogeneity, cancer cells frequently display primary or acquired therapeutic resistance, thereby resulting in treatment failure. The mechanisms underlying cancer therapeutic resistance are complex and varied. Among them, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification has gained increasing attention as a potential determinant of therapy resistance within various cancers. In this review, we primarily describe evidence for the effect of the m6A epitranscriptome on RNA homeostasis modulation, which has been shown to alter multiple cellular pathways in cancer research and treatment. Additionally, we discuss the profiles and biological implications of m6A RNA methylation, which is undergoing intensive investigation for its effect on the control of therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bi Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Geting Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jinzhou Huang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Guijie Guo
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shuangshuang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
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88
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Chen M, Xu K, Li B, Wang N, Zhang Q, Chen L, Zhang D, Yang L, Xu Z, Xu H. HMGA1 Regulates the Stem Cell-Like Properties of Circulating Tumor Cells from GIST Patients via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4943-4956. [PMID: 32606726 PMCID: PMC7296980 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s249063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common sarcoma of the digestive system. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been proven to be critical in the recurrence and metastasis of diseases; however, the characteristics of CTCs of GIST are still unclear. Methods We sorted out and verified the validity of CTCs from peripheral blood of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients with or without heterochronous liver metastasis using flow cytometry (FCM). Differential genes were analyzed between the GIST patients with and without liver metastasis using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results The preliminary study on the characteristics of CTCs revealed that CTCs of GIST patients with heterochronous liver metastasis had stronger stem cell-like properties (SC-like properties) than CTCs of those without liver metastasis. Furthermore, NGS followed with a series of assays revealed that HMGA1 played a critical role in regulating the SC-like properties of CTCs. Mechanistically, HMGA1 could activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway in vitro and vivo. Moreover, we found that the expression level of HMGA1 in CTCs was an independent risk factor probably influencing the prognosis of GIST patients. Conclusion Our findings indicate the significant role of HMGA1 in SC-like properties, IM resistance and eventually hepatic metastasis formation of CTCs. Targeting HMGA1 in CTCs may be a therapeutic strategy for GIST patients with hepatic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangjing Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuofan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Diancai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
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89
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RNA-Binding Proteins in Acute Leukemias. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103409. [PMID: 32408494 PMCID: PMC7279408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute leukemias are genetic diseases caused by translocations or mutations, which dysregulate hematopoiesis towards malignant transformation. However, the molecular mode of action is highly versatile and ranges from direct transcriptional to post-transcriptional control, which includes RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) as crucial regulators of cell fate. RBPs coordinate RNA dynamics, including subcellular localization, translational efficiency and metabolism, by binding to their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), thereby controlling the expression of the encoded proteins. In view of the growing interest in these regulators, this review summarizes recent research regarding the most influential RBPs relevant in acute leukemias in particular. The reported RBPs, either dysregulated or as components of fusion proteins, are described with respect to their functional domains, the pathways they affect, and clinical aspects associated with their dysregulation or altered functions.
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Zhu ZM, Huo FC, Pei DS. Function and evolution of RNA N6-methyladenosine modification. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1929-1940. [PMID: 32398960 PMCID: PMC7211178 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is identified as the most prevalent and abundant internal RNA modification, especially within eukaryotic mRNAs, which has attracted much attention in recent years since its importance for regulating gene expression and deciding cell fate. m6A modification is installed by RNA methyltransferases METTL3, METTL14 and WTAP (Writers), removed by the demethylases FTO and ALKBH5 (Erasers) and recognized by m6A binding proteins, such as YT521-B homology YTH domain-containing proteins (Readers). Accumulating evidence shows that m6A RNA methylation participates in almost all aspects of RNA processing, implying an association with important bioprocesses. In this review, we mainly summarize and discuss the functional relevance and importance of m6A modification in cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Man Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Fu-Chun Huo
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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