51
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Chaturvedi A, Sharma S, Shukla R. Drug Nanocrystals: A Delivery Channel for Antiviral Therapies. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:41. [PMID: 38366178 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral infections represent a significant threat to global health due to their highly communicable and potentially lethal nature. Conventional antiviral interventions encounter challenges such as drug resistance, tolerability issues, specificity concerns, high costs, side effects, and the constant mutation of viral proteins. Consequently, the exploration of alternative approaches is imperative. Therefore, nanotechnology-embedded drugs excelled as a novel approach purporting severe life-threatening viral disease. Integrating nanomaterials and nanoparticles enables ensuring precise drug targeting, improved drug delivery, and fostered pharmacokinetic properties. Notably, nanocrystals (NCs) stand out as one of the most promising nanoformulations, offering remarkable characteristics in terms of physicochemical properties (higher drug loading, improved solubility, and drug retention), pharmacokinetics (enhanced bioavailability, dose reduction), and optical properties (light absorptivity, photoluminescence). These attributes make NCs effective in diagnosing and ameliorating viral infections. This review comprises the prevalence, pathophysiology, and resistance of viral infections along with emphasizing on failure of current antivirals in the management of the diseases. Moreover, the review also highlights the role of NCs in various viral infections in mitigating, diagnosing, and other NC-based strategies combating viral infections. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies evident for the effectiveness of NCs against viral pathogens are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Chaturvedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, India.
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Hu JL, Huang AL. Classifying hepatitis B therapies with insights from covalently closed circular DNA dynamics. Virol Sin 2024; 39:9-23. [PMID: 38110037 PMCID: PMC10877440 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The achievement of a functional cure for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains limited to a minority of patients treated with currently approved drugs. The primary objective in developing new anti-HBV drugs is to enhance the functional cure rates for CHB. A critical prerequisite for the functional cure of CHB is a substantial reduction, or even eradication of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). Within this context, the changes in cccDNA levels during treatment become as a pivotal concern. We have previously analyzed the factors influencing cccDNA dynamics and introduced a preliminary classification of hepatitis B treatment strategies based on these dynamics. In this review, we employ a systems thinking perspective to elucidate the fundamental aspects of the HBV replication cycle and to rationalize the classification of treatment strategies according to their impact on the dynamic equilibrium of cccDNA. Building upon this foundation, we categorize current anti-HBV strategies into two distinct groups and advocate for their combined use to significantly reduce cccDNA levels within a well-defined timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Li Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Ai-Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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53
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Peña-Asensio J, Calvo-Sánchez H, Miquel J, Sanz-de-Villalobos E, González-Praetorius A, Torralba M, Larrubia JR. IL-15 boosts activated HBV core-specific CD8 + progenitor cells via metabolic rebalancing in persistent HBV infection. iScience 2024; 27:108666. [PMID: 38155778 PMCID: PMC10753074 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A rebalance between energy supply and demand in HBV-specific-CD8+ activated progenitor (AP) cells could restore the functionality of proliferative progeny (PP) in e-antigen(Ag)-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHBe(-)). We observed that quiescent progenitor (QP [TCF1+/FSClow]) HBVcore-specific-CD8+ cells displayed a memory-like phenotype. Following Ag-encounter, the generated AP [TCF1+/FSChigh] subset maintained the PD1+/CD127+ phenotype and gave rise to proliferative progeny (PP [ TCF1-/FSChigh]). In AP cells, IL-15 compared to IL2 decreased the initial mTORC1 boost, but maintained its activation longer linked to a catabolic profile that correlated with enhanced PP effector abilities. In nucleos(t)ide analogue (NUC)-treated CHBe(-), AP subset showed an anabolic phenotype associated with a dysfunctional PP pool. In CHBe(-) cases with low probability of HBVcore-specific-CD8+ cell on-NUC-treatment restoration, according to a clinical predictive model, IL-15/anti-PD-L1 treatment re-established their reactivity. Therefore, IL-15 could improve AP pool energy balance by decreasing intensity but extending T cell activation and by inducing a more catabolic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Peña-Asensio
- Department of Biology of Systems, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla La-Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Castilla La-Mancha, Spain
| | - Henar Calvo-Sánchez
- Section of Gastroenterology, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Castilla La-Mancha, Spain
- Department of Medicine & Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla La-Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Castilla La-Mancha, Spain
| | - Joaquín Miquel
- Section of Gastroenterology, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Castilla La-Mancha, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla La-Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Castilla La-Mancha, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sanz-de-Villalobos
- Section of Gastroenterology, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Castilla La-Mancha, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla La-Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Castilla La-Mancha, Spain
| | - Alejandro González-Praetorius
- Section of Microbiology, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Castilla La-Mancha, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla La-Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Castilla La-Mancha, Spain
| | - Miguel Torralba
- Service of Internal Medicine, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Castilla La-Mancha, Spain
- Department of Medicine & Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla La-Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Castilla La-Mancha, Spain
| | - Juan-Ramón Larrubia
- Section of Gastroenterology, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Castilla La-Mancha, Spain
- Department of Medicine & Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla La-Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Castilla La-Mancha, Spain
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Wang Z, Liu N, Yang Y, Tu Z. The novel mechanism facilitating chronic hepatitis B infection: immunometabolism and epigenetic modification reprogramming. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1349867. [PMID: 38288308 PMCID: PMC10822934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1349867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections pose a global public health challenge. Despite extensive research on this disease, the intricate mechanisms underlying persistent HBV infection require further in-depth elucidation. Recent studies have revealed the pivotal roles of immunometabolism and epigenetic reprogramming in chronic HBV infection. Immunometabolism have identified as the process, which link cell metabolic status with innate immunity functions in response to HBV infection, ultimately contributing to the immune system's inability to resolve Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB). Within hepatocytes, HBV replication leads to a stable viral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) minichromosome located in the nucleus, and epigenetic modifications in cccDNA enable persistence of infection. Additionally, the accumulation or depletion of metabolites not only directly affects the function and homeostasis of immune cells but also serves as a substrate for regulating epigenetic modifications, subsequently influencing the expression of antiviral immune genes and facilitating the occurrence of sustained HBV infection. The interaction between immunometabolism and epigenetic modifications has led to a new research field, known as metabolic epigenomics, which may form a mutually reinforcing relationship with CHB. Herein, we review the recent studies on immunometabolism and epigenetic reprogramming in CHB infection and discuss the potential mechanisms of persistent HBV infection. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms will offer novel insights and targets for intervention strategies against chronic HBV infection, thereby providing new hope for the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmin Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhengkun Tu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Institute of Liver Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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55
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Zeng Y, Zhu C, Huang E, Xun Z, Zhang Y, Chen T, Lin C, Fu Y, Wu S, Yang B, Ou Q, Liu C. Detection of serum large and middle hepatitis B virus surface proteins: A novel potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for chronic hepatitis B. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117739. [PMID: 38145642 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of large (LHB) and middle (MHB) HBV surface proteins in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains uncertain. This study investigates the role of LHB and MHB in different infection phases and liver diseases. METHODS Serum samples from 217 patients with HBV chronic infection, CHB, liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were subjected to quantification of LHB and MHB using ELISA. RESULTS Positive correlations were observed among LHB, MHB, and LHB/HBsAg, with HBV serum markers including HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV DNA. (P < 0.0001). In HBeAg-positive chronic infection, LHB and MHB were higher than in HBeAg-positive CHB (P < 0.01). In HBeAg-negative chronic infection, LHB and MHB were lower than in HBeAg-negative CHB (P < 0.01). ROC analysis identified LHB and MHB as potential discriminators of CHB and chronic infection. LC and HCC exhibited lower LHB, MHB, and MHB/HBsAg than CHB (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis found that age and the MHB/HBsAg serve as independent factors for the progression of CHB to end stage of liver disease. CONCLUSIONS LHB and MHB emerge as novel biomarkers distinguishing chronic infection and CHB. MHB/HBsAg shows promise as a predictor for CHB progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Gene Diagnostic Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine of Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenggong Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Gene Diagnostic Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine of Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Er Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Gene Diagnostic Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine of Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Xun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Gene Diagnostic Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine of Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Gene Diagnostic Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine of Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianbin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Gene Diagnostic Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine of Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Caorui Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Gene Diagnostic Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine of Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ya Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Gene Diagnostic Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine of Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Songhang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Gene Diagnostic Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine of Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Gene Diagnostic Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine of Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qishui Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Gene Diagnostic Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine of Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Gene Diagnostic Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine of Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Lin C, Luo L, Xun Z, Zhu C, Huang Y, Ye Y, Zhang J, Chen T, Wu S, Zhan F, Yang B, Liu C, Ran N, Ou Q. Novel function of MOTS-c in mitochondrial remodelling contributes to its antiviral role during HBV infection. Gut 2024; 73:338-349. [PMID: 37788894 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes substantial harm to mitochondrial activity, which hinders the development of effective treatments for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The discovery of the mitochondrial-derived short peptide MOTS-c, which possesses multiple bioactivities, offers a promising new approach in treating HBV infection. This study aims to explore the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of MOTS-c in HBV-related diseases and its molecular mechanism. DESIGN In total, 85 healthy subjects and 404 patients with HBV infection, including 20 clinical treatment cohorts, were recruited for this study. MOTS-c levels were measured by ELISA and its diagnostic value was evaluated by receiving operating characteristic curve analysis. The therapeutic effect of MOTS-c was observed in multiple HBV-infected mice and cells through various techniques, including transcriptomic sequencing, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Additionally, MOTS-c's potential interaction with myosin-9 (MYH9) and actin was predicted using immunoprecipitation, proteomics and target prediction software. RESULTS MOTS-c negatively correlates with HBV DNA expression (R=-0.71), and its AUC (the area under the curve) for distinguishing CHB from healthy controls is 0.9530, and IA (immune reactive) from IC (inactive HBV carrier) is 0.8689. Inhibition of HBV replication (with a 50-70% inhibition rate) was observed alongside improved liver function without notable toxicity in vitro or in vivo. MOTS-c was found to promote mitochondrial biogenesis and enhance the MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein) signalling pathway. The impact is dependent on MOTS-c's ability to regulate MYH9-actin-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis. CONCLUSION MOTS-c has the potential to serve as a biomarker for the progression of HBV infection while also enhancing antiviral efficacy. These findings present a promising innovative approach for effectively treating patients with CHB. Furthermore, our research uncovers a novel role for MOTS-c in regulating MYH9-actin-mediated mitochondrial dynamics and contributing to mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caorui Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Linjie Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen Xun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chenggong Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuchen Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tianbin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Songhang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fuguo Zhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ning Ran
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital & Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qishui Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Ming T, Yuting L, Meiling D, Shengtao C, Jihua R, Hui Z, Wanjin C, Dian L, Tingting G, Juan C, Zhenzhen Z. Chromatin binding protein HMGN1 promotes HBV cccDNA transcription and replication by regulating the phosphorylation of histone 3. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105796. [PMID: 38181856 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Direct elimination of cccDNA remains a formidable obstacle due to the persistent and stable presence of cccDNA in hepatocyte nuclei. The silencing of cccDNA transcription enduringly is one of alternative strategies in the treatment of hepatitis B. Protein binding to cccDNA plays an important role in its transcriptional regulation; thus, the identification of key factors involved in this process is of great importance. APPROACHES AND RESULTS In the present study, high mobility group nucleosome binding domain 1 (HMGN1) was screened out based on our biotin-avidin enrichment system. First, chromatin immunoprecipitation and fluorescent in situ hybridization assays confirmed the binding of HMGN1 with cccDNA in the nucleus. Second, functional experiments in HBV-infected cells showed that the promoting effect of HMGN1 on HBV transcription and replication depended on the functional region of the nucleosomal binding domain, while transfection of the HMGN1 mutant showed no influence on HBV compared with the vector. Third, further mechanistic exploration revealed that the silencing of HMGN1 increased the level of phosphorylase CLK2 and promoted H3 phosphorylation causing the reduced accessibility of cccDNA. Moreover, silenced HMGN1 was mimicked in HBV (r) cccDNA mouse model of HBV infection in vivo. The results showed that silencing HMGN1 inhibited HBV replication in vivo. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study identified that a host protein can bind to cccDNA and promote its transcription, providing a candidate strategy for anti-HBV targeting to interfere with the transcriptional activity of cccDNA microchromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Ming
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Yuting
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Meiling
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cheng Shengtao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ren Jihua
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhang Hui
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Wanjin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Dian
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gao Tingting
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Juan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhang Zhenzhen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China.
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58
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Li K, Lu E, Wang Q, Xu R, Yuan W, Wu R, Lu L, Li P. Serum vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of γδ T cell exhaustion in HBV-infected patients. Immunology 2024; 171:31-44. [PMID: 37702282 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that T cell exhaustion is associated with poor clearance of Hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, whether the expression of exhaustion markers on innate-like circulating γδ T cells derived from patients with HBV infection correlates with the serum level of vitamin D is not completely understood. In this study, we found that the frequency of circulating Vδ2+ T cell and serum levels of vitamin 25(OH)D3 were significantly decreased in patients with HBV. And serum 25(OH)D3 levels in HBV-infected patients were negatively correlated with HBV DNA load and PD-1 expression on γδ T cells. Interestingly, 1α,25(OH)2 D3 alleviated the exhaustion phenotype of Vδ2 T cells in HBV-infected patients and promoted IFN-β expression in human cytotoxic Vδ2 T cells in vitro. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that vitamin D plays a pivotal role in reversing γδ T-cell exhaustion and is highly promising target for ameliorating HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Eying Lu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruirong Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhui Yuan
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruan Wu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Li
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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You M, Chen F, Yu C, Chen Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Guo X, Zhou B, Wang X, Zhang B, Fang M, Zhang T, Yue P, Wang Y, Yuan Q, Luo W. A glycoengineered therapeutic anti-HBV antibody that allows increased HBsAg immunoclearance improves HBV suppression in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1213726. [PMID: 38205373 PMCID: PMC10777313 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1213726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The effective and persistent suppression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in patients with chronic HBV infection (CHB) is considered to be a promising approach to achieve a functional cure of hepatitis B. In our previous study, we found that the antibody E6F6 can clear HBsAg through FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, and its humanized form (huE6F6 antibody) is expected to be a new tool for the treatment of CHB. Previous studies have shown that the glycosylation of Fc segments affects the binding of antibodies to FcγR and thus affects the biological activity of antibodies in vivo. Methods: To further improve the therapeutic potential of huE6F6, in this study, we defucosylated huE6F6 (huE6F6-fuc-), preliminarily explored the developability of this molecule, and studied the therapeutic potential of this molecule and its underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo models. Results: huE6F6-fuc- has desirable physicochemical properties. Compared with huE6F6-wt, huE6F6-fuc- administration resulted in a stronger viral clearance in vivo. Meanwhile, huE6F6-fuc- keep a similar neutralization activity and binding activity to huE6F6-wt in vitro. Immunological analyses suggested that huE6F6-fuc- exhibited enhanced binding to hCD32b and hCD16b, which mainly contributed to its enhanced therapeutic activity in vivo. Conclusions: In summary, the huE6F6-fuc- molecule that was developed in this study, which has desirable developability, can clear HBsAg more efficiently in vivo, providing a promising treatment for CHB patients. Our study provides new guidance for antibody engineering in other disease fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min You
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fentian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuanzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueran Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mujin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
| | - Tianying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
| | - Ping Yue
- School of Biology and Engineering (School of Health Medicine Modern Industry), Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center in University of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yingbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, School of Life Science, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
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60
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Zulian V, Fiscon G, Paci P, Garbuglia AR. Hepatitis B Virus and microRNAs: A Bioinformatics Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17224. [PMID: 38139051 PMCID: PMC10743825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of gene expression, and the identification of viral miRNAs (v-miRNAs) within some viruses, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), has attracted significant attention. HBV infections often progress to chronic states (CHB) and may induce fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The presence of HBV can dysregulate host miRNA expression, influencing several biological pathways, such as apoptosis, innate and immune response, viral replication, and pathogenesis. Consequently, miRNAs are considered a promising biomarker for diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment response. The dynamics of miRNAs during HBV infection are multifaceted, influenced by host variability and miRNA interactions. Given the ability of miRNAs to target multiple messenger RNA (mRNA), understanding the viral-host (human) interplay is complex but essential to develop novel clinical applications. Therefore, bioinformatics can help to analyze, identify, and interpret a vast amount of miRNA data. This review explores the bioinformatics tools available for viral and host miRNA research. Moreover, we introduce a brief overview focusing on the role of miRNAs during HBV infection. In this way, this review aims to help the selection of the most appropriate bioinformatics tools based on requirements and research goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verdiana Zulian
- Virology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giulia Fiscon
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (P.P.)
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science “Antonio Ruberti”, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Paci
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (P.P.)
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science “Antonio Ruberti”, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rosa Garbuglia
- Virology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy;
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Xu Q, Ding H, Bai T, Huang R, Wang J, Zhang J, Luan H, Wang J, Yang Y, Chen Y. Serum HBV RNA levels among untreated adults with chronic hepatitis B in distinct immune phases and liver histopathology statuses. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:739-749. [PMID: 37843699 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
HBV RNA is a novel serum biomarker that reflects intrahepatic HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) transcription activity. Serum HBV RNA levels among treatment-naïve adults during the natural history of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and distinct liver histopathology statuses remain elusive. In our study, we include a total of 411 treatment-naïve CHB patients, among which 43 patients were HBeAg-positive immune-tolerant [IT(e+)], 84 patients were HBeAg-positive immune active [IA(e+)], 65 patients in HBeAg-negative immune active phases [IA(e-)], 149 patients were HBeAg-negative inactive phases [IC(e-)], and 70 patients were in Gray Zone (GZ). HBV RNA was measured in this cohort and its potential correlation with traditional serological markers and liver histopathology were analyzed. Our data showed that HBV RNA was strongly correlated with HBV DNA, HBeAg, HBsAg and ALT. Further subgroup analysis revealed a close correlation between HBV RNA and HBV DNA in patients in the IA (e+) and IA (e-) phases, but neither in IT(e+) nor IC(e-) phase. HBV RNA levels were consistently increased with the advanced degrees of hepatic inflammation, but not hepatic fibrosis. Of note, HBV RNA from HBeAg-positive patients negatively correlated with liver fibrosis, whereas HBV RNA from HBeAg-negative patients was weakly associated with liver inflammation. To sum up, serum HBV RNA shows a distinct profile among CHB patients in different immune statuses and hepatic histopathology stages/grades. Simultaneous testing of HBV RNA and traditional indicators might provide a comprehensive clinical assessment of CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jurong, China
| | - Hai Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jurong, China
| | - Hewei Luan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jurong, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Panneerselvam S, Wilson C, Kumar P, Abirami D, Pamarthi J, Reddy MS, Varghese J. Overview of hepatocellular carcinoma: from molecular aspects to future therapeutic options. Cell Adh Migr 2023; 17:1-21. [PMID: 37726886 PMCID: PMC10512929 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2023.2258539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the seventh most highly prevalent malignant tumor globally and the second most common cause of mortality. HCC develops with complex pathways that occur through multistage biological processes. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C are the causative etiologies of HCC. HCC develops as a result of epigenetic changes, protein-coding gene mutations, and altered signaling pathways. Biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for HCC open up new possibilities for treating the disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are included in the treatment options in combination with molecular targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugan Panneerselvam
- Department of Hepatology and Transplant Hepatology, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Cornelia Wilson
- Natural and Applied Sciences, School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Discovery Park, Sandwich, UK
| | - Prem Kumar
- Department of Hepatology and Transplant Hepatology, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dinu Abirami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayakrishna Pamarthi
- Multi-Disciplinary Research Unit, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mettu Srinivas Reddy
- The Director and Head, Liver Transplant and HPB surgery, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Joy Varghese
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Wang L, Zeng X, Wang Z, Fang L, Liu J. Recent advances in understanding T cell activation and exhaustion during HBV infection. Virol Sin 2023; 38:851-859. [PMID: 37866815 PMCID: PMC10786656 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health concern globally, and T cell responses are widely believed to play a pivotal role in mediating HBV clearance. Accordingly, research on the characteristics of HBV-specific T cell responses, from activation to exhaustion, has advanced rapidly. Here, we summarize recent developments in characterizing T cell immunity in HBV infection by reviewing basic and clinical research published in the last five years. We provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms that induce effective anti-HBV T cell immunity, as well as the latest developments in understanding T cell dysfunction in chronic HBV infection. Furthermore, we briefly discuss current novel treatment strategies aimed at restoring anti-HBV T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zida Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Central Sterile Supply Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Nasser N, Tonnerre P, Mansouri A, Asselah T. Hepatitis-B virus: replication cycle, targets, and antiviral approaches. Curr Opin Virol 2023; 63:101360. [PMID: 37696687 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
An estimated 257 million people are chronic carriers of hepatitis-B virus (HBV) infection, which resulted in around 1 million deaths, mainly due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Long-term nucleotide analog treatment of HBV infection is associated with favorable prognosis, no disease progression, and a reduction of HCC risk, but lifelong treatments are required. A better understanding of HBV replication cycle and the host immune response will likely improve the identification of new targets for drug development. Studies are ongoing to determine if it is possible to successfully combine direct-acting antivirals (DAA) with an immunomodulatory therapy to allow increased cure rates. This review will start with summarizing the HBV replication cycle, recall current treatments, and then discuss potential targets and antiviral approaches in development to optimistically reach the HBV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Nasser
- Université Paris-Cité, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm U1149, Paris, France; Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Pierre Tonnerre
- Université Paris-Cité, Inserm UMR 976, Human Immunology, Pathophysiology and Immunotherapy (HIPI), team ATIP-Avenir, Paris, France
| | - Abdellah Mansouri
- Université Paris-Cité, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm U1149, Paris, France; Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Tarik Asselah
- Université Paris-Cité, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm U1149, Paris, France; Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France.
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65
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Korkmaz P, Asan A, Karakeçili F, Tekin S, Demirtürk N. New Treatment Options in Chronic Hepatitis B: How Close Are We to Cure? INFECTIOUS DISEASES & CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 5:267-280. [PMID: 38633851 PMCID: PMC10986727 DOI: 10.36519/idcm.2023.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. HBV-infected patients are at a lifetime risk of developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Today, pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) and nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) are used in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Both treatment options have limitations. Despite effective viral suppression, NAs have little effect on covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), the stable episomal form of the HBV genome in hepatocytes. Therefore, the cure rate with NAs is low, and long-term treatment is required. Although the cure rate is better with Peg-IFN, it is difficult to tolerate due to drug side effects. Therefore, new treatment options are needed in the treatment of HBV infection. We can group new treatments under two headings: those that interfere with the viral life cycle and spread and those that modulate the immune response. Clinical studies show that combinations of treatments that directly target the viral life cycle and treatments that regulate the host immune system will be among the important treatment strategies in the future. As new direct-acting antiviral (DAA) and immunomodulatory therapies continue to emerge and evolve, functional cures in HBV treatment may be an achievable goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Korkmaz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kütahya Health Sciences University School of Medicine, Kütahya, Türkiye
| | - Ali Asan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bursa Health Sciences University School of Medicine, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Faruk Karakeçili
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Türkiye
| | - Süda Tekin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Koç University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Neşe Demirtürk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, School of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
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66
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Pan YR, Liu SQ, He YS, Xue Y, Wang J, Huang R, Wu C, Lu JC, Liu LG. Estimated glomerular filtration rate partially recovered in patients without Hypertriglyceridemia during Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment. Ann Med 2023; 55:760-765. [PMID: 36856541 PMCID: PMC9979984 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2177725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) treatment remains a concern, and few patients experience partial recovery of eGFR. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for eGFR recovery in patients with and without hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS A total of 203 patients with chronic HBV infection were prospectively recruited and followed up for three years. Data were collected at baseline, first, second, and third years during TDF treatment. RESULTS Most patients achieved normal ALT (80.0% vs. 82.5%) and undetectable HBV DNA (95.0% vs. 95.6%) in both groups (p > 0.05). For patients with hypertriglyceridemia, eGFR and cholesterol did not change significantly during the 3-year follow-up, while triglyceride (TG) decreased significantly in the first year and persisted at a lower level in the subsequent two years. For patients without hypertriglyceridemia, eGFR declined significantly in the first year of treatment, then gradually recovered during the subsequent two years, and eGFR was negatively correlated with TG at the four time points. Fifteen (15/183, 8.2%) patients without hypertriglyceridemia experienced eGFR partial recovery in the third year. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that baseline eGFR <90 mL/(min·1.73 m2) (p < 0.01; 95% CI: 0.019-0.284) and age (p < 0.01; 95% CI: 0.817-0.960) were independent risk factors for eGFR recovery. CONCLUSION eGFR partially recovered in patients without hypertriglyceridemia during TDF treatment, and TG regulation might be a useful strategy to hinder renal function decline, although larger, confirmatory studies are necessary to validate our findings.Key messagesFor patients with normal triglyceride, eGFR declined significantly at the first year of TDF treatment, then gradually recovered during the subsequent two years, and eGFR was negatively correlated with TG. Baseline eGFR <90 mL/(min·1.73 m2) and age were independent risk factors for eGFR recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Pan
- Changzhou Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Si-Qi Liu
- Changzhou Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Shan He
- Changzhou Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Changzhou Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Chun Lu
- Changzhou Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Long-Gen Liu
- Changzhou Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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67
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Wang Y, Guo L, Shi J, Li J, Wen Y, Gu G, Cui J, Feng C, Jiang M, Fan Q, Tang J, Chen S, Zhang J, Zheng X, Pan M, Li X, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Li X, Hu F, Zhang L, Tang X, Li F. Interferon stimulated immune profile changes in a humanized mouse model of HBV infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7393. [PMID: 37968364 PMCID: PMC10652013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanism of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) functional cure by interferon (IFN), especially in patients with low HBsAg and/or young ages, is still unresolved due to the lack of surrogate models. Here, we generate a type I interferon receptor humanized mouse (huIFNAR mouse) through a CRISPR/Cas9-based knock-in strategy. Then, we demonstrate that human IFN stimulates gene expression profiles in huIFNAR peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are similar to those in human PBMCs, supporting the representativeness of this mouse model for functionally analyzing human IFN in vivo. Next, we reveal the tissue-specific gene expression atlas across multiple organs in response to human IFN treatment; this pattern has not been reported in healthy humans in vivo. Finally, by using the AAV-HBV model, we test the antiviral effects of human interferon. Fifteen weeks of human PEG-IFNα2 treatment significantly reduces HBsAg and HBeAg and even achieves HBsAg seroconversion. We observe that activation of intrahepatic monocytes and effector memory CD8 T cells by human interferon may be critical for HBsAg suppression. Our huIFNAR mouse can authentically respond to human interferon stimulation, providing a platform to study interferon function in vivo. PEG-IFNα2 treatment successfully suppresses intrahepatic HBV replication and achieves HBsAg seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Institute of infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 8 Huaying Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liliangzi Guo
- Institute of infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 8 Huaying Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingrong Shi
- Institute of infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 8 Huaying Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Wen
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoming Gu
- Guangzhou XY Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Room 2048, Building 1, No. 6, Nanjiang Second Road, Pearl River Street, Nansha District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Cui
- Institute of infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 8 Huaying Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chengqian Feng
- Institute of infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 8 Huaying Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mengling Jiang
- Institute of infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 8 Huaying Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qinghong Fan
- Institute of infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 8 Huaying Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingyan Tang
- Institute of infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 8 Huaying Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Institute of infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 8 Huaying Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 8 Huaying Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaowen Zheng
- Institute of infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 8 Huaying Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meifang Pan
- Institute of infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 8 Huaying Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinnian Li
- Guangzhou Forevergen Medical Laboratory, Room 802, No. 8, Luoxuan 3rd Road, Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxia Sun
- Cytek (Shanghai) Biosciences Co, Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian Li
- Guangzhou XY Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Room 2048, Building 1, No. 6, Nanjiang Second Road, Pearl River Street, Nansha District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyu Hu
- Institute of infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 8 Huaying Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Tang
- Institute of infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 8 Huaying Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Institute of infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 8 Huaying Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Hwang N, Wu S, Ban H, Luo H, Ma J, Cheng J, Zhao Q, Laney JA, Du N, Guo J, Suresh M, Shen L, Tolufashe G, Viswanathan U, Kulp J, Lam P, Chang J, Clement JA, Menne S, Guo JT, Du Y. Identification of novel tetrahydroquinoxaline derived phenyl ureas as modulators of the hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid assembly. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115634. [PMID: 37499290 PMCID: PMC10753860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
A key step of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication is the selective packaging of pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) by core protein (Cp) dimers, forming a nucleocapsid where the reverse transcriptional viral DNA replication takes place. One approach in the development of new anti-HBV drugs is to disrupt the assembly of HBV nucleocapsids by misdirecting Cp dimers to assemble morphologically normal capsids devoid of pgRNA. In this study, we built upon our previous discovery of benzamide-derived HBV capsid assembly modulators by exploring fused bicyclic scaffolds with an exocyclic amide that is β, γ to the fused ring, and identified 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline derived phenyl ureas as a novel scaffold. Structure-activity relationship studies showed that a favorable hydrophobic substitution can be tolerated at the 2-position of the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline core, and the resulting compound 88 demonstrated comparable or improved antiviral potencies in mouse and human hepatocyte-derived HBV-replicating cell lines compared to our previously reported benzamide compound, 38017 (8). In addition, a novel bis-urea series based on 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline was also found to inhibit HBV DNA replication with sub-micromolar EC50 values. The mode of action of these compounds is consistent with specific inhibition of pgRNA encapsidation into nucleocapsids in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Hwang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Shuo Wu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Haiqun Ban
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA; Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1630 Dongfang Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Huixin Luo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Julia Ma
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Junjun Cheng
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Jessilyn A Laney
- United States Naval Academy, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD, 21402, USA
| | - Na Du
- Pharmaron, 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Junyang Guo
- Pharmaron, 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Manasa Suresh
- Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Liangxian Shen
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Gideon Tolufashe
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Usha Viswanathan
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - John Kulp
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Patrick Lam
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Jinhong Chang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Jason A Clement
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Stephan Menne
- Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Ju-Tao Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA.
| | - Yanming Du
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA.
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Spearman CW, Andersson MI, Bright B, Davwar PM, Desalegn H, Guingane AN, Johannessen A, Kabagambe K, Lemoine M, Matthews PC, Ndow G, Riches N, Shimakawa Y, Sombié R, Stockdale AJ, Taljaard JJ, Vinikoor MJ, Wandeler G, Okeke E, Sonderup M. A new approach to prevent, diagnose, and treat hepatitis B in Africa. BMC GLOBAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 1:24. [PMID: 38798823 PMCID: PMC11116268 DOI: 10.1186/s44263-023-00026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
There are 82 million people living with hepatitis B (PLWHB) in the World Health Organization Africa region, where it is the main cause of liver disease. Effective vaccines have been available for over 40 years, yet there are 990,000 new infections annually, due to limited implementation of hepatitis B birth dose vaccination and antenatal tenofovir prophylaxis for highly viraemic women, which could eliminate mother-to-child transmission. Despite effective and cheap antiviral treatment which can suppress hepatitis B virus replication and reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), < 2% of PLWHB are diagnosed, and only 0.1% are treated. As a result, PLWHB are frequently diagnosed only when they have already developed decompensated cirrhosis and late-stage HCC, and consequently 80,000 hepatitis B-associated deaths occur each year. Major barriers include complex treatment guidelines which were derived from high-income settings, lack of affordable diagnostics, lack or insufficient domestic funding for hepatitis care, and limited healthcare infrastructure. Current treatment criteria may overlook patients at risk of cirrhosis and HCC. Therefore, expanded and simplified treatment criteria are needed. We advocate for decentralized community treatment programmes, adapted for low-resource and rural settings with limited laboratory infrastructure. We propose a strategy of treat-all except patients fulfilling criteria that suggest low risk of disease progression. Expanded treatment represents a financial challenge requiring concerted action from policy makers, industry, and international donor agencies. It is crucial to accelerate hepatitis B elimination plans, integrate hepatitis B care into existing healthcare programmes, and prioritize longitudinal and implementation research to improve care for PLWHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Wendy Spearman
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Monique I. Andersson
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Bisi Bright
- LiveWell Initiative, Yesuf Abiodun Street, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria
- Women in Hepatitis Africa, Womens Wellness Center for Hepatitis, Isale Ajoke, Iwaya-Makoko, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Pantong M. Davwar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jos Univeristy Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Hailemichael Desalegn
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alice Nanelin Guingane
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Bogodogo University Hospital Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Asgeir Johannessen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kenneth Kabagambe
- The National Organisation for People Living With Hepatitis B, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Maud Lemoine
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Division of Digestive Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Philippa C. Matthews
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University College London Hospital, Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU UK
| | - Gibril Ndow
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Division of Digestive Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Nicholas Riches
- Department of Clinical Sciences and International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yusuke Shimakawa
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité d’Épidémiologie Des Maladies Émergentes, Paris, France
| | - Roger Sombié
- Service d’hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU Yalgado OUÉDRAOGO, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Alexander J. Stockdale
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunity, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jantjie J. Taljaard
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tygerberg Hospital and Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael J. Vinikoor
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Gilles Wandeler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Edith Okeke
- Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Mark Sonderup
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - on behalf of the Hepatitis B in Africa Collaborative Network (HEPSANET)
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- LiveWell Initiative, Yesuf Abiodun Street, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria
- Women in Hepatitis Africa, Womens Wellness Center for Hepatitis, Isale Ajoke, Iwaya-Makoko, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jos Univeristy Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Bogodogo University Hospital Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The National Organisation for People Living With Hepatitis B, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Division of Digestive Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, The Gambia
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University College London Hospital, Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU UK
- Department of Clinical Sciences and International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité d’Épidémiologie Des Maladies Émergentes, Paris, France
- Service d’hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU Yalgado OUÉDRAOGO, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunity, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tygerberg Hospital and Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
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Bei J, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Wang X, Lin L, Huang J, Huang W, Cai M, Cai W, Guo Y, Zhu K. HBV suppresses macrophage immune responses by impairing the TCA cycle through the induction of CS/PDHC hyperacetylation. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0294. [PMID: 37820280 PMCID: PMC10578720 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is now understood that HBV can induce innate and adaptive immune response disorders by affecting immunosuppressive macrophages, resulting in chronic HBV infection. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Dysregulated protein acetylation can reportedly influence the differentiation and functions of innate immune cells by coordinating metabolic signaling. This study aims to assess whether HBV suppresses macrophage-mediated innate immune responses by affecting protein acetylation and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of HBV immune escape. METHODS We investigated the effect of HBV on the acetylation levels of human THP-1 macrophages and identified potential targets of acetylation that play a role in glucose metabolism. Metabolic and immune phenotypes of macrophages were analyzed using metabolomic and flow cytometry techniques. Western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence were performed to measure the interactions between deacetylase and acetylated targets. Chronic HBV persistent infected mice were established to evaluate the role of activating the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in macrophages for HBV clearance. RESULTS Citrate synthase/pyruvate dehydrogenase complex hyperacetylation in macrophages after HBV stimulation inhibited their enzymatic activities and was associated with impaired TCA cycle and M2-like polarization. HBV downregulated Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression in macrophages by means of the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-NF-κB- peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) axis, resulting in citrate synthase/pyruvate dehydrogenase complex hyperacetylation. In vivo administration of the TCA cycle agonist dichloroacetate inhibited macrophage M2-like polarization and effectively reduced the number of serum HBV DNA copies. CONCLUSIONS HBV-induced citrate synthase/pyruvate dehydrogenase complex hyperacetylation negatively modulates the innate immune response by impairing the TCA cycle of macrophages. This mechanism represents a potential therapeutic target for controlling HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Bei
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qianbing Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liteng Lin
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingjun Huang
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wensou Huang
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingyue Cai
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiguo Cai
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongjian Guo
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kangshun Zhu
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Zheng F, Tan Z, Liang Z, Xiang W. Efficacy and Safety of Antiviral Therapy for Immune-tolerant Hepatitis B Viral Infection in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2023; 42:942-948. [PMID: 37523508 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection burden in children remains a pressing public health concern. Whether antiviral therapy should be administered to children with HBV in the immune-tolerant phase remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate antiviral therapy efficacy and safety in children with immune-tolerant hepatitis B (ITHB). METHODS A search was conducted in multiple databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI and Wanfang Data) to identify clinical trials examining antiviral therapy efficacy and safety in children (1-18 years) with ITHB viral infection from inception to February 2023. Outcomes were calculated separately for controlled and single-arm studies. RESULTS Nine trials (442 patients), including 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 3 non-RCTs and 4 single-arm studies, were included in this meta-analysis. In the RCTs, antiviral therapy group exhibited greater rates of HBsAg loss [risk ratio (RR) = 6.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.67-22.31, P Z-test = 0.006], HBsAg serologic response (RR = 5.29, 95% CI: 1.47-19.07, P Z-test = 0.011) and HBeAg loss (RR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.35-6.66, P Z-test = 0.007) compared with the control group at the end of follow-up. In single-arm studies, the pooled incidences of HBsAg loss, HBeAg loss and HBsAg seroconversion were 24% (95% CI: -0.1% to 48%), 24% (95% CI: -0.1% to 48%) and 24% (95% CI: -5% to 52%), respectively. CONCLUSION Current evidence suggests the effectiveness of antiviral therapy in children with HBV infection in the immune-tolerant stage, with few serious adverse events. Due to the limited quality and number of included studies, more high-quality studies are required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Zheng
- From the Department of Pediatrics, The People's Hospital of Guigang, Guigang, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The People's Hospital of Guigang, Guigang, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhou Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The People's Hospital of Guigang, Guigang, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenyao Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The People's Hospital of Guigang, Guigang, Guangxi, China
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Wang X, Gu X, Liu F. IL-6 gene polymorphism predicts PEGylated IFN-α treatment response in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. Per Med 2023; 20:503-510. [PMID: 37909375 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2023-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Genetic polymorphism can affect the response to antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Objective: The study examined the genetic association of the IL-6 rs1800796 polymorphism with PEGylated IFN-α (PegIFN-α) treatment response in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive CHB patients. Methods: Direct sequencing was done for the genotyping of the rs1800796 polymorphism in the serum of CHB patients. Results: More patients with combined response (n = 95) carried IL-6 rs1800796 GC genotypes, while CC genotype carriers possessed reduced HBeAg seroconversion rate and high values of hepatitis B virus DNA. Baseline HBsAg and HBeAg and IL-6 rs1800796 CC genotype were independently related to PegIFN-α treatment response. Conclusion: Detection of the IL-6 rs1800796 genotype in CHB patients may have potential guiding significance for PegIFN-α response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250031, China
| | - Xiu Gu
- Department of Hepatology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250031, China
| | - Fengli Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250031, China
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Ariffianto A, Deng L, Abe T, Matsui C, Ito M, Ryo A, Aly HH, Watashi K, Suzuki T, Mizokami M, Matsuura Y, Shoji I. Oxidative stress sensor Keap1 recognizes HBx protein to activate the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting hepatitis B virus replication. J Virol 2023; 97:e0128723. [PMID: 37800948 PMCID: PMC10617466 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01287-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway is one of the most important defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. We previously reported that a cellular hydrogen peroxide scavenger protein, peroxiredoxin 1, a target gene of transcription factor Nrf2, acts as a novel HBV X protein (HBx)-interacting protein and negatively regulates hepatitis B virus (HBV) propagation through degradation of HBV RNA. This study further demonstrates that the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway is activated during HBV infection, eventually leading to the suppression of HBV replication. We provide evidence suggesting that Keap1 interacts with HBx, leading to Nrf2 activation and inhibition of HBV replication via suppression of HBV core promoter activity. This study raises the possibility that activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic strategy against HBV. Our findings may contribute to an improved understanding of the negative regulation of HBV replication by the antioxidant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Ariffianto
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lin Deng
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takayuki Abe
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chieko Matsui
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hussein Hassan Aly
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Suzuki
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuo Shoji
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Kobayakawa T, Amano M, Nakayama M, Tsuji K, Ishii T, Miura Y, Shinohara K, Yamamoto K, Matsuoka M, Tamamura H. Development of anti-HBV agents targeting HBV capsid proteins. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1973-1980. [PMID: 37859721 PMCID: PMC10583812 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00258f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B is a viral hepatitis, which is caused by infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV). This disease progresses to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. To treat hepatitis B, exclusion of virus and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) that is formed in hepatocyte nucleus is necessary. A hepatitis B capsid protein (HBc) is an indispensable protein, which forms the capsid that encapsulates viral DNA. Since HBc is correlated to the transcriptional regulation of cccDNA, this protein would be an attractive target for complete cure of hepatitis B. By in silico screening of a library of compounds, a small compound, Cpd4 (1), which binds to a hydrophobic cavity located in the inner pocket on the tetramer interface of HBc proteins, was identified. In anti-HBV assays, this synthetic compound, Cpd4 (1) decreased the amount of HBV core related antigen (HBcrAg), which has been correlated with the proliferation of HBV, and decreased the amount of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), which is correlated with the amount of cccDNA. Based on Cpd4 (1) as a lead compound, 20 derivatives of 1 were designed and synthesized and their structure-activity relationships were examined. As a result, specific interactions between each compound and amino acid residues of the target protein appeared to be unimportant but the shape/size of compounds which can bind to the hydrophobic cavity might be important in the expression of high anti-HBV activity, and a more potent derivative, TKB-HBV-CA-001 (3b), was discovered. These results will be useful in the development of novel anti-HBV agents for a complete cure of hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kobayakawa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Masayuki Amano
- Department of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto and Kagoshima Universities Kumamoto 860-0811 Japan
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto 860-8556 Japan
| | - Miyuki Nakayama
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Kohei Tsuji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishii
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Yutaro Miura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Kouki Shinohara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamamoto
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto 860-8556 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
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Fu YL, Zhou SN, Hu W, Li J, Zhou MJ, Li XY, Wang YY, Zhang P, Chen SY, Fan X, Song JW, Jiao YM, Xu R, Zhang JY, Zhen C, Zhou CB, Yuan JH, Shi M, Wang FS, Zhang C. Metabolic interventions improve HBV envelope-specific T-cell responses in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Int 2023; 17:1125-1138. [PMID: 36976426 PMCID: PMC10522531 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restoration of HBV-specific T cell immunity is a promising approach for the functional cure of chronic Hepatitis B (CHB), necessitating the development of valid assays to boost and monitor HBV-specific T cell responses in patients with CHB. METHODS We analyzed hepatitis B virus (HBV) core- and envelope (env)-specific T cell responses using in vitro expanded peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with CHB exhibiting different immunological phases, including immune tolerance (IT), immune activation (IA), inactive carrier (IC), and HBeAg-negative hepatitis (ENEG). Additionally, we evaluated the effects of metabolic interventions, including mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (MTA), polyphenolic compounds, and ACAT inhibitors (iACAT), on HBV-specific T-cell functionality. RESULTS We found that HBV core- and env-specific T cell responses were finely coordinated and more profound in IC and ENEG than in the IT and IA stages. HBV env-specific T cells were more dysfunctional but prone to respond to metabolic interventions using MTA, iACAT, and polyphenolic compounds than HBV core-specific T-cells. The responsiveness of HBV env-specific T cells to metabolic interventions can be predicted by the eosinophil (EO) count and the coefficient of variation of red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV). CONCLUSION These findings may provide valuable information for metabolically invigorating HBV-specific T-cells to treat CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Fu
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Nan Zhou
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Ju Zhou
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - You-Yuan Wang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Yuan Chen
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Jiao
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruonan Xu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhen
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Bao Zhou
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Hong Yuan
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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76
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Le Bert N, Fisicaro P. Enolase: a metabolic checkpoint behind diverse exhaustion stages of CD8+ T cells in chronic HBV and HCV. Gut 2023; 72:1814-1815. [PMID: 37673656 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Le Bert
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Paola Fisicaro
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
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77
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Jansen DTSL, de Beijer MTA, Luijten RJ, Kwappenberg K, Wiekmeijer AS, Kessler AL, Pieterman RFA, Bouzid R, Krebber WJ, de Man RA, Melief CJM, Buschow SI. Induction of broad multifunctional CD8+ and CD4+ T cells by hepatitis B virus antigen-based synthetic long peptides ex vivo. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1163118. [PMID: 37781393 PMCID: PMC10534072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Therapeutic vaccination based on synthetic long peptides (SLP®) containing both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes is a promising treatment strategy for chronic hepatitis B infection (cHBV). Methods We designed SLPs for three HBV proteins, HBcAg and the non-secreted proteins polymerase and X, and investigated their ability to induce T cell responses ex vivo. A set of 17 SLPs was constructed based on viral protein conservation, functionality, predicted and validated binders for prevalent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) supertypes, validated HLA I epitopes, and chemical producibility. Results All 17 SLPs were capable of inducing interferon gamma (IFNɣ) production in samples from four or more donors that had resolved an HBV infection in the past (resolver). Further analysis of the best performing SLPs demonstrated activation of both CD8+ and CD4+ multi-functional T cells in one or more resolver and patient sample(s). When investigating which SLP could activate HBV-specific T cells, the responses could be traced back to different peptides for each patient or resolver. Discussion This indicates that a large population of subjects with different HLA types can be covered by selecting a suitable mix of SLPs for therapeutic vaccine design. In conclusion, we designed a set of SLPs capable of inducing multifunctional CD8+ and CD4+ T cells ex vivo that create important components for a novel therapeutic vaccine to cure cHBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diahann T. S. L. Jansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monique T. A. de Beijer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robbie J. Luijten
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Amy L. Kessler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roel F. A. Pieterman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rachid Bouzid
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Robert A. de Man
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Sonja I. Buschow
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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78
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Howell J, Seaman C, Wallace J, Xiao Y, Scott N, Davies J, de Santis T, Adda D, El-Sayed M, Feld JJ, Gane E, Lacombe K, Lesi O, Mohamed R, Silva M, Tu T, Revill P, Hellard ME. Pathway to global elimination of hepatitis B: HBV cure is just the first step. Hepatology 2023; 78:976-990. [PMID: 37125643 PMCID: PMC10442143 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B (HBV) is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality, and the leading cause of liver cancer worldwide. Significant advances have recently been made toward the development of a finite HBV treatment that achieves permanent loss of HBsAg and HBV DNA (so-called "HBV cure"), which could provide the means to eliminate HBV as a public health threat. However, the HBV cure is just one step toward achieving WHO HBV elimination targets by 2030, and much work must be done now to prepare for the successful implementation of the HBV cure. In this review, we describe the required steps to rapidly scale-up future HBV cure equitably. We present key actions required for successful HBV cure implementation, integrated within the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Sector Strategy (GHSS) 2022-2030 framework. Finally, we highlight what can be done now to progress toward the 2030 HBV elimination targets using available tools to ensure that we are preparing, but not waiting, for the cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Howell
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Seaman
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jack Wallace
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yinzong Xiao
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nick Scott
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Davies
- Department Global Health and Infectious diseases, Menzies School of Public Health, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Teresa de Santis
- Department Global Health and Infectious diseases, Menzies School of Public Health, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | | | - Manal El-Sayed
- Department Paediatrics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jordan J. Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward Gane
- Department Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karine Lacombe
- Sorbonne Université, IPLESP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Olufunmilayo Lesi
- Global HIV, Hepatitis, and STI Programme, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rosmawati Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marcelo Silva
- Department Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Austral University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Thomas Tu
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Revill
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margaret E. Hellard
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department Infectious Diseases, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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79
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Shen Z, Zhang S, Jiang Q, Liu N, Li F, Gao Z, Pan S, Hao W, Deng Q, Liu J, Zhang J, Xie Y. Lipid nanoparticle-mediated delivery of IL-21-encoding mRNA induces viral clearance in mouse models of hepatitis B virus persistence. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29062. [PMID: 37665238 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), the transcription template for all viral mRNAs, is highly stable and current treatment options cannot effectively induce its clearance. Previously, we established an HBV persistence mouse model based on a clinical isolate (termed BPS) and identified interleukin-21 (IL-21) as a potent inducer of HBV clearance. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) mediated delivery of mRNA has proven to be a highly safe and effective delivery platform. This work explored the applicability and effectiveness of the mRNA-LNP platform in IL-21-based HBV therapies. First, LNP-encapsulated murine IL-21 mRNA (LNP-IL-21) was prepared, characterized, and demonstrated to engender IL-21 expression in vitro and in vivo. Next, LNP-IL-21 was shown to induce clearance of both serum and intrahepatic HBV antigen and DNA in two HBV persistence mouse models based on BPS and recombinant cccDNA (rcccDNA), respectively, which was associated with HBV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Furthermore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from BPS persistence mice treated ex vivo with LNP-IL-21 and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) could induce similar HBV clearance upon infusion into recipient mice. These findings indicated that IL-21 combined with mRNA-LNP platform represents a valid and promising strategy for developing novel therapeutics against chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education/National Health Commission/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenyan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qirong Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education/National Health Commission/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fahong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education/National Health Commission/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaokun Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiju Hao
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education/National Health Commission/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education/National Health Commission/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education/National Health Commission/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education/National Health Commission/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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80
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Detta E, Corcuera A, Urban A, Goldner T, Bonsmann S, Engel F, May MM, Buschmann H, Fianchini M, Alza E, Pericàs MA, Pushkarev PA, Varenyk AO, Yakovyuk TY, Homon AA, Sokoliuk PA, Smaliy R, Donald A. Structure-based Design of Novel Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly Modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 93:129412. [PMID: 37499987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) have been recently recognized as promising antiviral agents for curing chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A target-based in silico screening study is described, aimed towards the discovery of novel HBV CAMs. Initial optimization of four weakly active screening hits was performed via focused library synthesis. Lead compound 42 and close analogues 56 and 57 exhibited in vitro potency in the sub- and micromolar range along with good physico-chemical properties and were further evaluated in molecular docking and mechanism of action studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Detta
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany; Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Angelica Corcuera
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Andreas Urban
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thomas Goldner
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Susanne Bonsmann
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Florian Engel
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Marina M May
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Helmut Buschmann
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mauro Fianchini
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Alza
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel A Pericàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Anton A Homon
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Radomyr Smaliy
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alastair Donald
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
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Metin O, Zeybel M, Yurdaydin C. Treatment endpoints for chronic hepatitis D. Liver Int 2023; 43 Suppl 1:60-68. [PMID: 36196680 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Management of chronic hepatitis D (CHD) has entered a new era. In this new era, the virus entry inhibitor bulevirtide has received conditional approval as a treatment for compensated CHD. Three phase 3 studies with two new compounds are ongoing for the treatment of CHD. In this context, surrogate markers of treatment efficacy have been well defined for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (7) and chronic hepatitis C (8) but not for CHD. The aim of this review is to give a perspective on treatment endpoints in CHD. For this, we took guidance from CHB studies and tried to make suggestions which differed according to finite versus prolonged treatment durations and also took into account the different characteristics of the new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Metin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Prof. Cemil Taşçioğlu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Müjdat Zeybel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Koç University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Yurdaydin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Koç University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hillaire MLB, Lawrence P, Lagrange B. IFN-γ: A Crucial Player in the Fight Against HBV Infection? Immune Netw 2023; 23:e30. [PMID: 37670813 PMCID: PMC10475827 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
About 0.8 million people die because of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection each year. In around 5% of infected adults, the immune system is ineffective in countering HBV infection, leading to chronic hepatitis B (CHB). CHB is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, which can lead to patient death. Unfortunately, although current treatments against CHB allow control of HBV infection, they are unable to achieve complete eradication of the virus. Cytokines of the IFN family represent part of the innate immune system and are key players in virus elimination. IFN secretion induces the expression of interferon stimulated genes, producing proteins that have antiviral properties and that are essential to cell-autonomous immunity. IFN-α is commonly used as a therapeutic approach for CHB. In addition, IFN-γ has been identified as the main IFN family member responsible for HBV eradication during acute infection. In this review, we summarize the key evidence gained from cellular or animal models of HBV replication or infection concerning the potential anti-HBV roles of IFN-γ with a particular focus on some IFN-γ-inducible genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Lawrence
- Confluence: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Université Catholique de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Brice Lagrange
- Confluence: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Université Catholique de Lyon, Lyon, France
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83
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Zhou J, He X, Ou Y, Peng S, Li D, Zhou Q, Fu J, Long Y, Tan Y. Role of CXCR5 + CD8 + T cells in human hepatitis B virus infection. J Viral Hepat 2023; 30:638-645. [PMID: 37129474 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The replication of HBV in hepatocytes can be effectively inhibited by lifelong antiviral therapy. Because of the long-term presence of HBV reservoirs, the virus rebound frequently occurs once the treatment is stopped, which poses a considerable obstacle to the complete removal of the virus. In terms of gene composition, regulation of B cell action and function, CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells are similar to CXCR5+ CD4+ T follicular helper cells, while these cells are characterized by elevated programmed cell death 1 and cytotoxic-related proteins. CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells are strongly associated with progression in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In addition, CXCR5 expression on the surface of CD8+ T cells is mostly an indicator of memory stem cell-like failure in progenitor cells in cancer that are more responsive to immune checkpoint blocking therapy. Furthermore, the phenomena have also been demonstrated in some viral infections, highlighting the duality of the cellular immune response of CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells. This mini-review will focus on the function of CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells in HBV infection and discuss the function of these CD8+ T cells and the potential of associated co-stimulators or cytokines in HBV therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yangjing Ou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Jingli Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yunzhu Long
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yingzheng Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
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Ogunnaike M, Das S, Raut SS, Sultana A, Nayan MU, Ganesan M, Edagwa BJ, Osna NA, Poluektova LY. Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: New Approaches towards Cure. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1208. [PMID: 37627273 PMCID: PMC10452112 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection leads to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Lifelong treatment with nucleotides/nucleoside antiviral agents is effective at suppressing HBV replication, however, adherence to daily therapy can be challenging. This review discusses recent advances in the development of long-acting formulations for HBV treatment and prevention, which could potentially improve adherence. Promising new compounds that target distinct steps of the virus life cycle are summarized. In addition to treatments that suppress viral replication, curative strategies are focused on the elimination of covalently closed circular DNA and the inactivation of the integrated viral DNA from infected hepatocytes. We highlight promising long-acting antivirals and genome editing strategies for the elimination or deactivation of persistent viral DNA products in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojisola Ogunnaike
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.O.); (S.D.); (S.S.R.); (A.S.); (M.U.N.); (M.G.)
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Srijanee Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.O.); (S.D.); (S.S.R.); (A.S.); (M.U.N.); (M.G.)
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Samiksha S. Raut
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.O.); (S.D.); (S.S.R.); (A.S.); (M.U.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Ashrafi Sultana
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.O.); (S.D.); (S.S.R.); (A.S.); (M.U.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Mohammad Ullah Nayan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.O.); (S.D.); (S.S.R.); (A.S.); (M.U.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.O.); (S.D.); (S.S.R.); (A.S.); (M.U.N.); (M.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Benson J. Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.O.); (S.D.); (S.S.R.); (A.S.); (M.U.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.O.); (S.D.); (S.S.R.); (A.S.); (M.U.N.); (M.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Larisa Y. Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.O.); (S.D.); (S.S.R.); (A.S.); (M.U.N.); (M.G.)
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Li Y, Wen C, Gu S, Wang W, Guo L, Li CK, Yi X, Zhou Y, Dong Z, Fu X, Zhong S, Wang Y, Huang K, Yin J, Zhong C, Liang X, Fan R, Chen H, Jiang D, Zhang X, Sun J, Tang L, Peng J, Hou J. Differential response of HBV envelope-specific CD4 + T cells is related to HBsAg loss after stopping nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy. Hepatology 2023; 78:592-606. [PMID: 36896974 PMCID: PMC10344436 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Long-term maintenance of viral control, even HBsAg loss, remains a challenge for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients undergoing nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) discontinuation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HBV-specific T-cell responses targeting peptides spanning the whole proteome and clinical outcomes in CHB patients after NA discontinuation. APPROACH AND RESULTS Eighty-eight CHB patients undergoing NA discontinuation were classified as responders (remained relapse-free up to 96 weeks) or relapsers (relapsed patients who underwent NA retreatment for up to 48 weeks and reachieved stable viral control). HBV-specific T-cell responses were detected at baseline and longitudinally throughout the follow-up. We found responders had a greater magnitude of HBV polymerase (Pol)-specific T-cell responses than relapsers at baseline. After long-term NA discontinuation, simultaneously enhanced HBV Core-induced and Pol-induced responses were observed in responders. Particularly, responders with HBsAg loss possessed enhanced HBV Envelope (Env)-induced responses after short-term and long-term follow-up. Notably, CD4 + T cells accounted for the predominance of HBV-specific T-cell responses. Correspondingly, CD4-deficient mice showed attenuated HBV-specific CD8 + T-cell responses, reduced HBsAb-producing B cells, and delayed HBsAg loss; in contrast, in vitro addition of CD4 + T cells promoted HBsAb production by B cells. Besides, IL-9, rather than PD-1 blockade, enhanced HBV Pol-specific CD4 + T-cell responses. CONCLUSION HBV-specific CD4 + T-cell responses induced by the targeted peptide possess specificities for long-term viral control and HBsAg loss in CHB patients undergoing NA discontinuation, indicating that CD4 + T cells specific to distinct HBV antigens may endow with divergent antiviral potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chris Kafai Li
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xuan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuiyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xieer Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Deke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zeng DY, Chen Z, Hong MZ, Jiang LP, Chen XN, Xue HX, Pan JS, Zhu Y. Traditional Chinese medicine invigorating the spleen and kidney promotes HBsAg seroclearance in the mouse model. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28979. [PMID: 37522253 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is often used as an adjuvant or alternative therapy for abnormal liver biochemistry or liver fibrosis associated with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, the role of TCM in HBsAg seroclearance remains unclear. We aimed at exploring the role and possible mechanisms of TCM in HBsAg seroclearance. Fifteen widely used TCM granules invigorating the spleen and kidneys were screened. C57BL/6J mice were administered daily with TCM granules by gavage for 1 week. The effect of TCM on the M1 polarization of macrophages was measured using a CD86 assay. According to the principles of formulating prescriptions, three single TCM with the most noticeable effect on M1 polarization, accompanied by two other TCM granules, were used to develop a TCM formula. The hepatitis B virus-expressing mouse model was constructed by hydrodynamic injection of the pAAV/HBV1.2 plasmid. Hepatitis B virus-expressing mice were gavaged daily with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), TCM formula, or Codonopsis Radix, for 1 week. HBsAg, HBeAg, and hepatitis B virus DNA levels were measured. In addition, gut microbiota was profiled using 16S rDNA sequencing. Several TCM granules showed significant effects on M1 polarization. The TCM formula accelerated HBsAg seroclearance compared with the Codonopsis Radix and PBS groups. Intrahepatic M1 polarization, as indicated by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, was induced in the TCM formula and Codonopsis Radix groups. The abundance of Alloprevotella significantly increased in the TCM formula and Codonopsis Radix groups. These results demonstrate that the TCM formula for invigorating the spleen and kidney can accelerate HBsAg seroclearance. This effect can be attributed, at least in part, to M1 polarization of intrahepatic macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yi Zeng
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Hepatology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Hepatology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mei-Zhu Hong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ling-Ping Jiang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Hepatology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Chen
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Hepatology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Han-Xin Xue
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Hepatology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin-Shui Pan
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Hepatology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yueyong Zhu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Hepatology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Chen Z, Ma Y, Dong Y, Chen C, Wang H, Wang T, Yu J, Hong X, Chen M, He X, Ju W. Utilization of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive donors in liver transplantation for recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective and propensity score matching analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15620. [PMID: 37520254 PMCID: PMC10386819 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of extended criteria donor (ECD) grafts such as donor with infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a potential solution for organ shortage. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and long-term survival of utilization of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive (HBsAg+) donor livers in HCC patients using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. Methods Forty-eight donors with HBsAg-positive and 279 donors with HBsAg-negative were transplanted and enrolled in this study. PSM analysis were used to eliminate selection bias. Perioperative data and survival were collected and analyzed. Results PSM generated 44 patient pairs. When comparing intra- and post-operative data, no significant difference was found between groups (P > 0.05). Patients with a HBsAg-positive donor had significantly worse progression-free survival (1-year: 65.9% vs. 90.9%; 3-year: 18.1% vs. 70.4%, P = 0.0060) and overall survival (1-year: 84.1% and 95.4%; 3-year: 27.2% vs. 79.5%, P = 0.0039). In multivariate analysis, donor HBsAg-positivity was an independent risk factor for survival and occurrence (P = 0.005 and 0.025, respectively). Conclusion In conclusion, with adequate antiviral prophylaxis and treatment, utilization of HBsAg positive liver grafts did not increase the incidence of early-stage complications. However, patient with an HBsAg-positive graft had poorer progression-free survival and overall survival.
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88
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Feld JJ, Lok AS, Zoulim F. New Perspectives on Development of Curative Strategies for Chronic Hepatitis B. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:2040-2050. [PMID: 37080262 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
A functional cure of chronic hepatitis B defined as sustained hepatitis B surface antigen loss after finite course of therapy is rarely achieved with current therapy but is the goal of novel treatments. Understanding the virological and immunological mechanisms of hepatitis B virus persistence has enabled the identification of novel treatment targets, drug discovery, and the evaluation of novel agents in clinical trials. Lessons were learned from early phase 1 and phase 2 trials regarding the antiviral activity and safety profile of these agents. There is a strong rationale to combine agents to reduce viral replication, reduce viral antigen load, invigorate immune responses, and induce specific adaptive immune responses. Nucleos(t)ide analogs will likely remain an essential backbone of future combinations to control viral replication and prevent resistance to antiviral drugs. In this review, we discuss perspectives on approaches to achieving functional cure, with a review of virological and immunological strategies, highlighting challenges and unresolved questions with the various attempts to achieve cure, as well as exploring alternative endpoints such as partial cure and new noninvasive viral and immunological biomarkers to stratify patients and predict/monitor antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Anna S Lok
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM Unit 1052 - Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon Hepatology Institute, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Xu J, Xue Y, Bolinger AA, Li J, Zhou M, Chen H, Li H, Zhou J. Therapeutic potential of salicylamide derivatives for combating viral infections. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:897-931. [PMID: 36905090 PMCID: PMC10247541 DOI: 10.1002/med.21940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Since time immemorial human beings have constantly been fighting against viral infections. The ongoing and devastating coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic represents one of the most severe and most significant public health emergencies in human history, highlighting an urgent need to develop broad-spectrum antiviral agents. Salicylamide (2-hydroxybenzamide) derivatives, represented by niclosamide and nitazoxanide, inhibit the replication of a broad range of RNA and DNA viruses such as flavivirus, influenza A virus, and coronavirus. Moreover, nitazoxanide was effective in clinical trials against different viral infections including diarrhea caused by rotavirus and norovirus, uncomplicated influenza A and B, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. In this review, we summarize the broad antiviral activities of salicylamide derivatives, the clinical progress, and the potential targets or mechanisms against different viral infections and highlight their therapeutic potential in combating the circulating and emerging viral infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Xu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Yu Xue
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Andrew A. Bolinger
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Mingxiang Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Hongmin Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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90
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Verbinnen T, Talloen W, Janssen HLA, Zoulim F, Shukla U, Vandenbossche JJ, Biermer M, De Meyer S, Lenz O. Viral sequence analysis of chronic hepatitis B patients treated with the capsid assembly modulator JNJ-56136379 in the JADE phase 2a study. Antiviral Res 2023:105660. [PMID: 37385475 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In the monotherapy arms of the phase 2 JADE study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03361956) evaluating the safety and efficacy of JNJ-56136379 (capsid assembly modulator-class E) with/without nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA), viral breakthroughs (VBT) were observed, leading to JNJ-56136379 monotherapy discontinuation. We present the viral sequencing analysis of JNJ-56136379±NA-treated hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients. METHODS The HBV full genome was sequenced using next generation sequencing. Baseline amino acid (aa) polymorphisms were defined as changes versus the universal HBV reference sequence (sequence read frequency >15%). Emerging mutations were defined as aa changes versus baseline sequence (frequency <1% at baseline and ≥15% post-baseline). RESULTS 6/28 JNJ-56136379 75 mg monotherapy arm patients experienced VBT; all 6 had emerging JNJ-56136379-resistant variants T33N (n = 5; fold change [FC] = 85) or F23Y (n = 1; FC = 5.2). 1/32 JNJ-56136379 250 mg arm patients (genotype-E) had <1 log10 IU/mL decline in HBV DNA at Week 4, experienced VBT at Week 8, and carried the I105T baseline polymorphism (FC = 7.9), but had no emerging variants. Eight additional monotherapy-treated patients had shallow second phases of their HBV DNA profile and emerging T33N (n = 7) or F23Y (n = 1) variants. NA initiation (switch [75 mg arm]; add-on [250 mg arm]) in all monotherapy patients with VBT resulted in HBV DNA decline in all patients. No VBT was observed during JNJ-56136379+NA combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS JNJ-56136379 monotherapy resulted in VBT and was associated with the selection of JNJ-56136379-resistant variants. Efficacy of NA treatment (de novo combination or rescue therapy for VBT) was not impacted, confirming the lack of cross-resistance between these drug classes. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT03361956.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Willem Talloen
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Harry L A Janssen
- Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada; Erasmus MC University Hospital Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM Unit 1052-Cancer Research Institute of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon University, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Umesh Shukla
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, LLC 1125 Trenton Harbourton Rd, Titusville, NJ, 08560, USA
| | | | - Michael Biermer
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sandra De Meyer
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Oliver Lenz
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
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91
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Saeedifar AM, Ghorban K, Ganji A, Mosayebi G, Gholami M, Dadmanesh M, Rouzbahani NH. Evaluation of Tcell exhaustion based on the expression of EOMES, Tbet and co-inhibitory receptors in severe and non-severe covid-19 patients. GENE REPORTS 2023; 31:101747. [PMID: 36747893 PMCID: PMC9892327 DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
During viral infections, especially Covid-19, Tcell exhaustion plays a crucial role in reducing the activity of lymphocytes and the immune system's antiviral activities. This research aimed to investigate the co-inhibitory receptors and transcription factors involved in the Tcell exhaustion process in ICU-admitted (ICUA) compared to non-ICU admitted (non-ICUA) Covid-19 patients. A total of 60 Covid-19 patients (30 patients in the severe group who were admitted in the ICU (ICUA) and 30 patients in the mild group who were admitted in departments other than the ICU (non-ICUA)) and 10 healthy individuals were included in this study. Laboratory tests and the level of gene expressions related to 4 inhibitory co-receptors, including LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, PD-1, and T-bet and Eomes transcription factors involved in the process of Tcell exhaustion in severe and mild patients of Covid-19 were investigated. The results showed lymphopenia and an increase in other hematologic laboratory factors such as NLR, PLR, CRP, ALT, and AST in people with a severe form of the disease (ICUA) compared to mild groups (non-ICUA) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant increase in 3 co-inhibitory receptors, TIM-3, LAG-3, and PD-1, was observed in severe patients compared to mild and healthy people (P < 0.001). An increase in TIGIT gene expression was lesser than the other three mentioned receptors (P < 0.05). Concerning the transcription factors, we observed a significant increase in Eomes in ICUA patients compared to the non-ICUA group (P < 0.001), and this increment in T-bet gene expression was minor compared to Eomes (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Patients with a severe form of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) represented a higher level of gene expressions in terms of co-inhibitory receptors and transcription factors involved in the T cell exhaustion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohammad Saeedifar
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khodayar Ghorban
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Infectious Diseases Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ganji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran,Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ghasem Mosayebi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Gholami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Infectious Diseases Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Dadmanesh
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Hosseini Rouzbahani
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Infectious Diseases Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author at: Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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92
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Lin C, Chen Y, Zhang F, Zhu P, Yu L, Chen W. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the mediatory role of cancer-associated fibroblast PTN in hepatitis B virus cirrhosis-HCC progression. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:26. [PMID: 37259127 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are essential stromal components in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection induces pathological changes such as liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and HCC. The aim of this research was to explore the novel mediators of CAFs to modulate HBV cirrhosis-HCC progression. METHODS The single-cell transcriptome data of HCC were divided into subsets, and the significant subset related to fibrotic cells, along with biological function, and clinical information of HCC was revealed by integrated data analyses. The cell communication, cells communicated weight analysis of signaling pathways, and key genes in signaling pathways analysis of significant CAFs subclasses were conducted to discover the novel gene of CAFs. Bioinformatics, vitro and HBV transfection assays were used to verify the novel gene is an important target for promoting the progression HBV cirrhosis-HCC progression. RESULTS Fibroblasts derived from HCC single-cell data could be separated into three cell subclasses (CAF0-2), of which CAF2 was associated with the HCC clinical information. Fibroblasts have opposite developmental trajectories to immune B cells and CD8 + T cells. CAF0-2 had strong interaction with B cells and CD8 + T cells, especially CAF2 had the highest interaction frequency and weight with B cells and CD8 + T cells. Moreover, PTN participated in CAF2-related pathways involved in the regulation of cell communication, and the interactions among CAF2 and PTN contributed the most to B cells and CD8 + T cells. Furthermore, the genes of PTN, SDC1, and NCL from PTN signaling were highest expression in CAF2, B cells, and CD8 + T cells, respectively, and the interaction of PTN- SDC1 and PTN- NCL contributed most to the interaction of CAF2- B cells and CAF2-CD8 + T cells. Bioinformatics and vitro experiments confirm PTN was upregulated in HCC and promoted the proliferation of tumor cells, and HBV infection could initiate PTN to perform cirrhosis-HCC progression. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed CAF was associated with hepatocarcinogenesis, and the functional importance of B cells and CD8 + T cells in modulating CAF in HCC. Importantly, PTN maybe a novel mediator of CAF to mediate HBV cirrhosis-HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhong Lin
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yeda Chen
- Central Laboratory, People's Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Pingshan District People's Hospital, Pingshan General Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Liangliang Yu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Central Laboratory, People's Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518109, China.
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93
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Zheng R, Chen D, Su J, Lai J, Wang C, Chen H, Ning Z, Liu X, Tian X, Li Y, Zhu B. Inhibition of HAdV-14 induced apoptosis by selenocystine through ROS-mediated PARP and p53 signaling pathways. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127213. [PMID: 37244045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Adenovirus (HAdV) can cause severe respiratory symptoms in people with low immunity and there is no targeted treatment for adenovirus infection. Anti-adenoviral drugs have high clinical significance for inhibiting adenovirus infection. Selenium (Se) plays an important role in anti-oxidation, redox signal transduction, and redox homeostasis. The excellent biological activity of Se is mainly achieved by being converted into selenocystine (SeC). Se participates in the active sites of various selenoproteins in the form of SeC. The ability of SeC to resist the virus has raised high awareness due to its unique antioxidative activity in recent years. The antiviral ability of the SeC was determined by detecting the infection rate of the virus in the cells. METHODS The experiment mainly investigated the antiviral mechanism of SeC by locating the virus in the cell, detecting the generation of ROS, observing the DNA status of the cell, and monitoring the mitochondrial membrane potential. RESULTS In the present study, SeC was designed to resist A549 cells infections caused by HAdV-14. SeC could prevent HAdV-14 from causing cell apoptosis-related to DNA damage. SeC significantly inhibited ROS generation and protect the cells from oxidative damage induced by ROS against HAdV-14. SeC induced the increase of antiviral cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8 by activating the Jak2 signaling pathway, and repaired DNA lesions by suppressing ATR, p53, and PARP signaling pathways. CONCLUSION SeC might provide an effective selenium species with antiviral properties for the therapies against HAdV-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Zheng
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyao Su
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Lai
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Haitian Chen
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihui Ning
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bing Zhu
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
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Chen W, Gong Y, Long G, Wang X, Yang Y, Liu J, Li H, Tong X, Zhao Q, Yang L, Zuo J, Hu Y. A prodrug of the capsid assembly modulator improved druggability and lowing HBsAg and HBeAg for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115485. [PMID: 37229833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CAMs were disclosed to alter cccDNA levels with sustained hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss or seroconversion in preclinical investigation. Here, we report the discovery of a prodrug Yhhu6669 as CAMs based on the intestinal peptide transporter. This compound exhibited the promising anti-HBV activity with sustained suppression of HBV DNA, as well as HBsAg and HBeAg in the AAV HBV mouse model by oral treatment for 7 weeks and maintained for a further 8 weeks following drug withdraw. Our results show an alternative possibility for a functional cure by specific CAMs and provide the basis for the further mechanism study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-ChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-ChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guozhang Long
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-ChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-ChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yurong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-ChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-ChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1st Xiangshan Branch Alley, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Heng Li
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-ChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiankun Tong
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-ChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-ChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-ChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jianping Zuo
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-ChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Youhong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-ChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1st Xiangshan Branch Alley, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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95
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Nevola R, Beccia D, Rosato V, Ruocco R, Mastrocinque D, Villani A, Perillo P, Imbriani S, Delle Femine A, Criscuolo L, Alfano M, La Montagna M, Russo A, Marfella R, Cozzolino D, Sasso FC, Rinaldi L, Marrone A, Adinolfi LE, Claar E. HBV Infection and Host Interactions: The Role in Viral Persistence and Oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7651. [PMID: 37108816 PMCID: PMC10145402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the advent of vaccines and potent antiviral agents able to suppress viral replication, recovery from chronic HBV infection is still an extremely difficult goal to achieve. Complex interactions between virus and host are responsible for HBV persistence and the risk of oncogenesis. Through multiple pathways, HBV is able to silence both innate and adaptive immunological responses and become out of control. Furthermore, the integration of the viral genome into that of the host and the production of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) represent reservoirs of viral persistence and account for the difficult eradication of the infection. An adequate knowledge of the virus-host interaction mechanisms responsible for viral persistence and the risk of hepatocarcinogenesis is necessary for the development of functional cures for chronic HBV infection. The purpose of this review is, therefore, to analyze how interactions between HBV and host concur in the mechanisms of infection, persistence, and oncogenesis and what are the implications and the therapeutic perspectives that follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Nevola
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (D.M.); (P.P.); (E.C.)
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (R.R.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (A.D.F.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (M.L.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (F.C.S.); (L.R.); (A.M.); (L.E.A.)
| | - Domenico Beccia
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (R.R.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (A.D.F.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (M.L.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (F.C.S.); (L.R.); (A.M.); (L.E.A.)
| | - Valerio Rosato
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (D.M.); (P.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Rachele Ruocco
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (R.R.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (A.D.F.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (M.L.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (F.C.S.); (L.R.); (A.M.); (L.E.A.)
| | - Davide Mastrocinque
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (D.M.); (P.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Angela Villani
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (R.R.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (A.D.F.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (M.L.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (F.C.S.); (L.R.); (A.M.); (L.E.A.)
| | - Pasquale Perillo
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (D.M.); (P.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Simona Imbriani
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (R.R.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (A.D.F.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (M.L.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (F.C.S.); (L.R.); (A.M.); (L.E.A.)
| | - Augusto Delle Femine
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (R.R.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (A.D.F.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (M.L.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (F.C.S.); (L.R.); (A.M.); (L.E.A.)
| | - Livio Criscuolo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (R.R.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (A.D.F.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (M.L.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (F.C.S.); (L.R.); (A.M.); (L.E.A.)
| | - Maria Alfano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (R.R.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (A.D.F.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (M.L.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (F.C.S.); (L.R.); (A.M.); (L.E.A.)
| | - Marco La Montagna
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (R.R.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (A.D.F.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (M.L.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (F.C.S.); (L.R.); (A.M.); (L.E.A.)
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (R.R.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (A.D.F.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (M.L.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (F.C.S.); (L.R.); (A.M.); (L.E.A.)
| | - Domenico Cozzolino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (R.R.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (A.D.F.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (M.L.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (F.C.S.); (L.R.); (A.M.); (L.E.A.)
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (R.R.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (A.D.F.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (M.L.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (F.C.S.); (L.R.); (A.M.); (L.E.A.)
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (R.R.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (A.D.F.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (M.L.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (F.C.S.); (L.R.); (A.M.); (L.E.A.)
| | - Aldo Marrone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (R.R.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (A.D.F.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (M.L.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (F.C.S.); (L.R.); (A.M.); (L.E.A.)
| | - Luigi Elio Adinolfi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (R.R.); (A.V.); (S.I.); (A.D.F.); (L.C.); (M.A.); (M.L.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (F.C.S.); (L.R.); (A.M.); (L.E.A.)
| | - Ernesto Claar
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (D.M.); (P.P.); (E.C.)
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Chen G, Tian T, Cai X. The surge of HBsAb level in a HBsAg-negative ES-SCLC patient after anlotinib plus atezolizumab treatment: A case report. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1103512. [PMID: 37143951 PMCID: PMC10151650 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1103512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumor with endocrine function. For decades, chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been the first-line treatment options. Because of its ability to normalize tumor vessels, anlotinib is recommended as a novel therapy as a third-line treatment. A combination of anti-angiogenic drugs and ICIs can effectively and safely benefit advanced cancer patients. However, immune-related side effects caused by ICIs are common. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation and hepatitis are common during immunotherapy in patients with chronic HBV infection. A 62-year-old man with ES-SCLC who had brain metastasis was described in this case. It is unusual for a HBsAg-negative patient to develop an increase in HBsAb after receiving atezolizumab immunotherapy. Although some researchers have reported the functional cure of HBV by PD-L1 antibody, this is the first case that showed a sustained increased in HBsAb level after anti-PD-L1 therapy. It is related with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells activation and HBV infection microenvironment. Importantly, this could provide a solution to insufficient protective antibody production after vaccination as well as a therapeutic opportunity for HBV patients with cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xingdong Cai
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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97
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Yuen MF, Balabanska R, Cottreel E, Chen E, Duan D, Jiang Q, Patil A, Triyatni M, Upmanyu R, Zhu Y, Canducci F, Gane EJ. TLR7 agonist RO7020531 versus placebo in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 23:496-507. [PMID: 36509100 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists augment immune activity and have potential for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We aimed to assess the safety and tolerability of RO7020531 (also called RG7854), a prodrug of the TLR7 agonist RO7011785, in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic HBV infection. METHODS This randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study was done in two parts. Part 1 was done at one site in New Zealand and part 2 was done at 12 sites in Bulgaria, Hong Kong, Italy, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Taiwan, Thailand, and the UK. In part 1, healthy volunteers were randomly assigned (4:1) within one of eight dose cohorts (3 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 100 mg, 140 mg, or 170 mg) to receive a single RO7020531 dose or placebo or randomly assigned (4:1) within one of three dose cohorts (100 mg, 140 mg, or 170 mg) to receive either RO7020531 or placebo every other day for 13 days. In part 2, nucleoside or nucleotide analogue-suppressed patients with chronic HBV infection were randomly assigned (4:1) within cohorts 1-3 (150 mg, 150 mg, or 170 mg) to receive either RO7020531 or placebo and treatment-naive patients with chronic HBV infection were randomly assigned (3:1) in cohort 4 to receive either 150 mg of RO7020531 or placebo. Patients were treated every other day for 6 weeks. Study medication was administered orally to participants after they had fasted. Study participants and investigational staff were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was the safety and tolerability of RO7020531, as measured by the incidence and severity of adverse events and the incidence of laboratory, vital sign, and electrocardiogram abnormalities, and was analysed in all participants who received at least one dose of the study medication. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02956850, and the study is complete. FINDINGS Between Dec 12, 2016, and March 21, 2021, 340 healthy volunteers were screened in part 1, of whom 80 were randomly assigned in the single ascending dose study (eight assigned RO7020531 in each cohort and 16 assigned placebo) and 30 were randomly assigned in the multiple ascending dose study (eight assigned RO7020531 in each cohort and six assigned placebo), and 110 patients were screened in part 2, of whom 30 were randomly assigned in cohorts 1-3 (16 assigned RO7020531 150 mg, eight assigned RO7020531 170 mg, and six assigned placebo) and 20 were randomly assigned in cohort 4 (15 assigned RO7020531 and five assigned placebo). All randomly assigned participants received at least one dose of a study drug and were included in the safety analysis. All tested doses of RO7020531 were safe and had acceptable tolerability in healthy volunteers and patients. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events among the total study population were headache (15 [9%] of 160 participants), influenza-like illness (seven [4%] of 160 participants), and pyrexia (ten [6%] of 160 participants). Most adverse events were mild and transient. There were no severe or serious adverse events in healthy volunteers. In the patient cohorts, there was one severe adverse event (influenza-like illness with 170 mg of RO7020531) and one serious adverse event (moderate influenza-like illness with a 3-day hospitalisation in a treatment-naive patient receiving RO7020531). There were no treatment-related deaths. INTERPRETATION Due to acceptable safety and tolerability, RO7020531 should continue to be developed for the treatment of patients with chronic HBV infection. FUNDING F Hoffmann-La Roche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Rozalina Balabanska
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emmanuelle Cottreel
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ethan Chen
- Roche Pharma Product Development China, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Duan
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiudi Jiang
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Avinash Patil
- Product Development Data Science Department, Roche Products, Welwyn, UK
| | - Miriam Triyatni
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ruchi Upmanyu
- Product Development Data Science Department, Roche Products, Welwyn, UK
| | - Yonghong Zhu
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Filippo Canducci
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Edward J Gane
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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98
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Wang L, Zhu Q, Zhang JD, Zhang Y, Ni X, Xiang K, Jiang J, Li B, Yu Y, Hu H, Zhang M, Wu W, Zeng J, Yan Z, Dai J, Sun K, Zhang X, Chen D, Feng S, Sach-Peltason L, Young JAT, Gao L. Discovery of a first-in-class orally available HBV cccDNA inhibitor. J Hepatol 2023; 78:742-753. [PMID: 36587899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The persistence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in infected hepatocytes is the major barrier preventing viral eradication with existing therapies in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Therapeutic agents that can eliminate cccDNA are urgently needed to achieve viral eradication and thus HBV cure. METHODS A phenotypic assay with HBV-infected primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) was employed to screen for novel cccDNA inhibitors. A HBVcircle mouse model and a uPA-SCID (urokinase-type plasminogen activator-severe combined immunodeficiency) humanized liver mouse model were used to evaluate the anti-HBV efficacy of the discovered cccDNA inhibitors. RESULTS Potent and dose-dependent reductions in extracellular HBV DNA, HBsAg, and HBeAg levels were achieved upon the initiation of ccc_R08 treatment two days after the HBV infection of PHHs. More importantly, the level of cccDNA was specifically reduced by ccc_R08, while it did not obviously affect mitochondrial DNA. Additionally, ccc_R08 showed no significant cytotoxicity in PHHs or in multiple proliferating cell lines. The twice daily oral administration of ccc_R08 to HBVcircle model mice, which contained surrogate cccDNA molecules, significantly decreased the serum levels of HBV DNA and antigens, and these effects were sustained during the off-treatment follow-up period. Moreover, at the end of follow-up, the levels of surrogate cccDNA molecules in the livers of ccc_R08-treated HBVcircle mice were reduced to below the lower limit of quantification. CONCLUSIONS We have discovered a small-molecule cccDNA inhibitor that reduces HBV cccDNA levels. cccDNA inhibitors potentially represent a new approach to completely cure patients chronically infected with HBV. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) persistence in HBV-infected hepatocytes is the root cause of chronic hepatitis B. We discovered a novel small-molecule cccDNA inhibitor that can specifically reduce cccDNA levels in HBV-infected hepatocytes. This type of molecule could offer a new approach to completely cure patients chronically infected with HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Infectious Disease Discovery
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Hu
- Infectious Disease Discovery
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin Zhang
- Preclinical Chemistry Manufacturing and Controls
| | | | | | - Lisa Sach-Peltason
- Data & Analytics, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Roche Innovation Center Basel
| | | | - Lu Gao
- Infectious Disease Discovery.
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99
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Omame A, Abbas M. Modeling SARS-CoV-2 and HBV co-dynamics with optimal control. PHYSICA A 2023; 615:128607. [PMID: 36908694 PMCID: PMC9984188 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2023.128607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Clinical reports have shown that chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 have a higher risk of complications with liver disease than patients without SARS-CoV-2. In this work, a co-dynamical model is designed for SARS-CoV-2 and HBV which incorporates incident infection with the dual diseases. Existence of boundary and co-existence endemic equilibria are proved. The occurrence of backward bifurcation, in the absence and presence of incident co-infection, is investigated through the proposed model. It is noted that in the absence of incident co-infection, backward bifurcation is not observed in the model. However, incident co-infection triggers this phenomenon. For a special case of the study, the disease free and endemic equilibria are shown to be globally asymptotically stable. To contain the spread of both infections in case of an endemic situation, the time dependent controls are incorporated in the model. Also, global sensitivity analysis is carried out by using appropriate ranges of the parameter values which helps to assess their level of sensitivity with reference to the reproduction numbers and the infected components of the model. Finally, numerical assessment of the control system using various intervention strategies is performed, and reached at the conclusion that enhanced preventive efforts against incident co-infection could remarkably control the co-circulation of both SARS-CoV-2 and HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Omame
- Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
- Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences, Government College University, Katchery Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mujahid Abbas
- Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Katchery Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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100
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Zhang H, Xu Z, Gao H, Zhang Q. Systematic analysis on the mechanism of Zhizi-Bopi decoction against hepatitis B via network pharmacology and molecular docking. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:463-478. [PMID: 36807721 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Zhizi-Bopi decoction (ZZBPD) is a classic herbal formula with wide clinical applications in treating liver diseases including hepatitis B. However, the mechanism needs to be elucidated. METHODS Chemical components of ZZBPD were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TOF-MS). Then we used network pharmacology to identify their potential targets. Network construction, coupled with protein-protein interaction and enrichment analysis was used to identify representative components and core targets. Finally, molecular docking simulation was conducted to further refine the drug-target interaction. RESULTS One hundred and forty-eight active compounds were identified in ZZBPD, targeting 779 genes/proteins, among which 174 were related to hepatitis B. ZZBPD mainly influences the progression of hepatitis B through the hepatitis B pathway (hsa05161) via core anti-HBV targets (AKT1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, SRC, TNF, MAPK1, and MAPK3). Enrichment analysis indicated that ZZBPD can also potentially regulate lipid metabolism and enhance cell survival. Molecular docking suggested that the representative active compounds can bind to the core anti-HBV targets with high affinity. CONCLUSION The potential molecular mechanisms of ZZBPD in hepatitis B treatment were identified using network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. The results serve as an important basis for the modernization of ZZBPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4655, University Road, Changqing District, Ji'nan, 250355, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhouyi Xu
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Haojun Gao
- New Zhonglu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Ji'nan, 250011, China
| | - Qinyuan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4655, University Road, Changqing District, Ji'nan, 250355, Shandong Province, China.
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