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Vasko A, Schrier Vergano SA. Language Impairments in Individuals With Coffin-Siris Syndrome. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:802583. [PMID: 35126043 PMCID: PMC8811135 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.802583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS, MIM 135900) is a now well-described, multiple congenital anomaly/intellectual disability syndrome classically characterized by fifth digit/nail hypoplasia, coarse facial features, and a range of organ-system related anomalies. Since its initial description in 1970, and the discovery of associated genes in 2011, CSS now encompasses a wide range of phenotypes and abilities caused by pathogenic variants in the BAF complex (often referred to as “BAFopathy”). It appears that the BAF complex leads to speech and language impairments in this population, and subsequently we have reviewed individuals in the CSS/BAF registry to understand the prevalence and degree of this particular learning difference. We have examined the frequency of delayed language acquisition, augmented communication device use, and speech intervention therapies. To aid in language progression, childhood speech interventions are necessary in children with a diagnosis of CSS. While the majority of children with pathogenic variants in the BAF complex have language-related struggles, the exact mechanism is not yet fully understood. At the time of writing, there are 284 individuals in the CSS/BAF registry with known variants in the following genes; ARID1B (n = 174), SMARCA4 (n = 41), ARID1A (n = 20), SMARCB1 (n = 20), ARID2 (n = 14), SOX11 (n = 10), and SMARCE1 (n = 5). While speech delays in individuals with CSS are expected, a full analysis of these delays has yet to be detailed. In the CSS/BAF registry, we identified 183 (64%) individuals with language-related challenges and 90 (32%) individuals that are non-verbal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Vasko
- Clinical Research Unit, Children’s Hospital of the King’s Daughters, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Samantha A. Schrier Vergano
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of the King’s Daughters, Norfolk, VA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Samantha A. Schrier Vergano,
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52
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Neurobiology of ARID1B haploinsufficiency related to neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:476-489. [PMID: 33686214 PMCID: PMC8423853 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
ARID1B haploinsufficiency is a frequent cause of intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and also leads to emotional disturbances. In this review, we examine past and present clinical and preclinical research into the neurobiological function of ARID1B. The presentation of ARID1B-related disorders (ARID1B-RD) is highly heterogeneous, including varying degrees of ID, ASD, and physical features. Recent research includes the development of suitable clinical readiness assessments for the treatment of ARID1B-RD, as well as similar neurodevelopmental disorders. Recently developed mouse models of Arid1b haploinsufficiency successfully mirror many of the behavioral phenotypes of ASD and ID. These animal models have helped to solidify the molecular mechanisms by which ARID1B regulates brain development and function, including epigenetic regulation of the Pvalb gene and promotion of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in neural progenitors in the ventral telencephalon. Finally, preclinical studies have identified the use of a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor as an effective treatment for some Arid1b haploinsufficiency-related behavioral phenotypes, and there is potential for the refinement of this therapy in order to translate it into clinical use.
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53
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Fragrant rapeseed oil consumption prevents blood cholesterol accumulation via promoting fecal bile excretion and reducing oxidative stress in high cholesterol diet fed rats. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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54
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Markenscoff-Papadimitriou E, Binyameen F, Whalen S, Price J, Lim K, Ypsilanti AR, Catta-Preta R, Pai ELL, Mu X, Xu D, Pollard KS, Nord AS, State MW, Rubenstein JL. Autism risk gene POGZ promotes chromatin accessibility and expression of clustered synaptic genes. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110089. [PMID: 34879283 PMCID: PMC9512081 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Deleterious genetic variants in POGZ, which encodes the chromatin regulator Pogo Transposable Element with ZNF Domain protein, are strongly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although it is a high-confidence ASD risk gene, the neurodevelopmental functions of POGZ remain unclear. Here we reveal the genomic binding of POGZ in the developing forebrain at euchromatic loci and gene regulatory elements (REs). We profile chromatin accessibility and gene expression in Pogz-/- mice and show that POGZ promotes the active chromatin state and transcription of clustered synaptic genes. We further demonstrate that POGZ forms a nuclear complex and co-occupies loci with ADNP, another high-confidence ASD risk gene, and provide evidence that POGZ regulates other neurodevelopmental disorder risk genes as well. Our results reveal a neurodevelopmental function of an ASD risk gene and identify molecular targets that may elucidate its function in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirene Markenscoff-Papadimitriou
- Department of Psychiatry, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Fadya Binyameen
- Department of Psychiatry, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sean Whalen
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James Price
- Department of Psychiatry, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Athena R Ypsilanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rinaldo Catta-Preta
- Departments of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Emily Ling-Lin Pai
- Department of Psychiatry, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Katherine S Pollard
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biology Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alex S Nord
- Departments of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Matthew W State
- Department of Psychiatry, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John L Rubenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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55
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Dysfunction of Trio GEF1 involves in excitatory/inhibitory imbalance and autism-like behaviors through regulation of interneuron migration. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7621-7640. [PMID: 33963279 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of highly inheritable neurodevelopmental disorders. Functional mutations in TRIO, especially in the GEF1 domain, are strongly implicated in ASDs, whereas the underlying neurobiological pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms remain to be clarified. Here we characterize the abnormal morphology and behavior of embryonic migratory interneurons (INs) upon Trio deficiency or GEF1 mutation in mice, which are mediated by the Trio GEF1-Rac1 activation and involved in SDF1α/CXCR4 signaling. In addition, the migration deficits are specifically associated with altered neural microcircuit, decreased inhibitory neurotransmission, and autism-like behaviors, which are reminiscent of some features observed in patients with ASDs. Furthermore, restoring the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance via activation of GABA signaling rescues autism-like deficits. Our findings demonstrate a critical role of Trio GEF1 mediated signaling in IN migration and E/I balance, which are related to autism-related behavioral phenotypes.
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56
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Tran DN, Park SM, Jung EM, Jeung EB. Prenatal Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Exposure Impaired Proliferation of Neuronal Progenitor, Leading to Motor, Cognition, Social and Behavioral Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12949. [PMID: 34884750 PMCID: PMC8657511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic siloxane octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) has raised concerns as an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC). D4 is widely used in detergent products, cosmetics, and personal care products. Recently, robust toxicological data for D4 has been reported, but the adverse effects of D4 on brain development are unknown. Here, pregnant mice on gestational day 9.5 were treated daily with D4 to postnatal day 28, and the offspring mice were studied. The prenatal D4-treated mice exhibited cognitive dysfunction, limited memory, and motor learning defect. Moreover, prenatal D4 exposure reduced the proliferation of neuronal progenitors in the offspring mouse brain. Next, the mechanisms through which D4 regulated the cell cycle were investigated. Aberrant gene expression, such as cyclin-dependent kinases CDK6 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27, were found in the prenatal D4-treated mice. Furthermore, the estrogen receptors ERa and ERb were increased in the brain of prenatal D4-treated mice. Overall, these findings suggest that D4 exerts estrogen activity that affects the cell cycle progression of neuronal progenitor cells during neurodevelopment, which may be associated with cognitive deficits in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Nam Tran
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea; (D.N.T.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Seon-Mi Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea; (D.N.T.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Eui-Man Jung
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busandaehang-ro, 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea; (D.N.T.); (S.-M.P.)
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57
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Yang J, Xiong P, Bai L, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Chen C, Xie Z, Xu Y, Chen M, Wang H, Zhu M, Yu J, Wang K. The Association of Altered Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Integrity in Mice With Heroin Dependence. Front Nutr 2021; 8:765414. [PMID: 34805249 PMCID: PMC8600332 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.765414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is believed to play a significant role in psychological and gastrointestinal symptoms in heroin addicts. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. We show here that heroin addicts had a decrease in body mass index (BMI) and abnormal serum D-lactic acid (DLA), endotoxin (ET) and diamine oxidase (DAO) levels during their withdrawal stage, suggesting a potential intestinal injury. The gut microbial profiles in the mouse model with heroin dependence showed slightly decreased alpha diversity, as well as higher levels of Bifidobacterium and Sutterella and a decrease in Akkermansia at genus level compared to the control group. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) further confirmed that the microbiota altered by heroin dependence was sufficient to impair body weight and intestinal mucosal barrier integrity in recipient mice. Moreover, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiling revealed that microbiota-derived propionic acid significantly decreased in heroin dependent mice compared to controls. Overall, our study shows that heroin dependence significantly altered gut microbiota and impaired intestinal mucosal barrier integrity in mice, highlighting the role of the gut microbiota in substance use disorders and the pathophysiology of withdrawal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqing Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Pu Xiong
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Bai
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zunyue Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenrong Xie
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Xu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Huawei Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Juehua Yu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kunhua Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Administrative Affairs, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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58
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Kruizinga MD, Zuiker RGJA, Bergmann KR, Egas AC, Cohen AF, Santen GWE, van Esdonk MJ. Population pharmacokinetics of clonazepam in saliva and plasma: Steps towards noninvasive pharmacokinetic studies in vulnerable populations. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:2236-2245. [PMID: 34811788 PMCID: PMC9299763 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Traditional studies focusing on the relationship between pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics necessitate blood draws, which are too invasive for children or other vulnerable populations. A potential solution is to use noninvasive sampling matrices, such as saliva. The aim of this study was to develop a population PK model describing the relationship between plasma and saliva clonazepam kinetics and assess whether the model can be used to determine trough plasma concentrations based on saliva samples. METHODS Twenty healthy subjects, aged 18-30, were recruited and administered 0.5 or 1 mg of clonazepam solution. Paired plasma and saliva samples were obtained until 48 hours post-dose. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed describing the PK of clonazepam in plasma and the relationship between plasma and saliva concentrations. Bayesian maximum a posteriori optimization was applied to estimate the predictive accuracy of the model. RESULTS A two-compartment distribution model best characterized clonazepam plasma kinetics with a mixture component on the absorption rate constants. Oral administration of the clonazepam solution caused contamination of the saliva compartment during the first 4 hours post-dose, after which the concentrations were driven by the plasma concentrations. Simulations demonstrated that the lower and upper limits of agreements between true and predicted plasma concentrations were -28% to 36% with one saliva sample. Increasing the number of saliva samples improved these limits to -18% to 17%. CONCLUSION The developed model described the salivary and plasma kinetics of clonazepam, and could predict steady-state trough plasma concentrations based on saliva concentrations with acceptable accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs D Kruizinga
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Juliana Children's Hospital, HAGA teaching Hospital, the Hague, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Annelies C Egas
- Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Adam F Cohen
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs W E Santen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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59
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Caracci MO, Avila ME, Espinoza-Cavieres FA, López HR, Ugarte GD, De Ferrari GV. Wnt/β-Catenin-Dependent Transcription in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:764756. [PMID: 34858139 PMCID: PMC8632544 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.764756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by synaptic dysfunction and defects in dendritic spine morphology. In the past decade, an extensive list of genes associated with ASD has been identified by genome-wide sequencing initiatives. Several of these genes functionally converge in the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, a conserved cascade essential for stem cell pluripotency and cell fate decisions during development. Here, we review current information regarding the transcriptional program of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in ASD. First, we discuss that Wnt/β-catenin gain and loss of function studies recapitulate brain developmental abnormalities associated with ASD. Second, transcriptomic approaches using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) cells, featuring mutations in high confidence ASD genes, reveal a significant dysregulation in the expression of Wnt signaling components. Finally, we focus on the activity of chromatin-remodeling proteins and transcription factors considered high confidence ASD genes, including CHD8, ARID1B, ADNP, and TBR1, that regulate Wnt/β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activity in multiple cell types, including pyramidal neurons, interneurons and oligodendrocytes, cells which are becoming increasingly relevant in the study of ASD. We conclude that the level of Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation could explain the high phenotypical heterogeneity of ASD and be instrumental in the development of new diagnostics tools and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario O. Caracci
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel E. Avila
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, Nucleus of Applied Research in Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences (NIAVA), Institute of Natural Sciences, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca A. Espinoza-Cavieres
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor R. López
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giorgia D. Ugarte
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giancarlo V. De Ferrari
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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60
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Inability to switch from ARID1A-BAF to ARID1B-BAF impairs exit from pluripotency and commitment towards neural crest formation in ARID1B-related neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6469. [PMID: 34753942 PMCID: PMC8578637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Subunit switches in the BAF chromatin remodeler are essential during development. ARID1B and its paralog ARID1A encode for mutually exclusive BAF subunits. De novo ARID1B haploinsufficient mutations cause neurodevelopmental disorders, including Coffin-Siris syndrome, which is characterized by neurological and craniofacial features. Here, we leveraged ARID1B+/− Coffin-Siris patient-derived iPSCs and modeled cranial neural crest cell (CNCC) formation. We discovered that ARID1B is active only during the first stage of this process, coinciding with neuroectoderm specification, where it is part of a lineage-specific BAF configuration (ARID1B-BAF). ARID1B-BAF regulates exit from pluripotency and lineage commitment by attenuating thousands of enhancers and genes of the NANOG and SOX2 networks. In iPSCs, these enhancers are maintained active by ARID1A-containing BAF. At the onset of differentiation, cells transition from ARID1A- to ARID1B-BAF, eliciting attenuation of the NANOG/SOX2 networks and triggering pluripotency exit. Coffin-Siris patient cells fail to perform the ARID1A/ARID1B switch, and maintain ARID1A-BAF at the pluripotency enhancers throughout all stages of CNCC formation. This leads to persistent NANOG/SOX2 activity which impairs CNCC formation. Despite showing the typical neural crest signature (TFAP2A/SOX9-positive), ARID1B-haploinsufficient CNCCs are also aberrantly NANOG-positive. These findings suggest a connection between ARID1B mutations, neuroectoderm specification and a pathogenic mechanism for Coffin-Siris syndrome. Mutations in the ARID1B subunit of the BAF chromatin remodeling complex are associated with the neurodevelopmental Coffin-Siris syndrome. Here the authors reveal that there is a transition from ARID1A-containing complexes to ARID1B during cranial neural crest cell differentiation that is impaired in Coffin-Siris patient-derived cells, which is important for exit from pluripotency.
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61
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Kang E, Kang M, Ju Y, Lee SJ, Lee YS, Woo DC, Sung YH, Baek IJ, Shim WH, Son WC, Choi IH, Seo EJ, Yoo HW, Han YM, Lee BH. Association between ARID2 and RAS-MAPK pathway in intellectual disability and short stature. J Med Genet 2021; 58:767-777. [PMID: 33051312 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ARID2 belongs to the Switch/sucrose non-fermenting complex, in which the genetic defects have been found in patients with dysmorphism, short stature and intellectual disability (ID). As the phenotypes of patients with ARID2 mutations partially overlap with those of RASopathy, this study evaluated the biochemical association between ARID2 and RAS-MAPK pathway. METHODS The phenotypes of 22 patients with either an ARID2 heterozygous mutation or haploinsufficiency were reviewed. Comprehensive molecular analyses were performed using somatic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of a patient with ARID2 haploinsufficiency as well as using the mouse model of Arid2 haploinsufficiency by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. RESULTS The phenotypic characteristics of ARID2 deficiency include RASopathy, Coffin-Lowy syndrome or Coffin-Siris syndrome or undefined syndromic ID. Transient ARID2 knockout HeLa cells using an shRNA increased ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation. Impaired neuronal differentiation with enhanced RAS-MAPK activity was observed in patient-iPSCs. In addition, Arid2 haploinsufficient mice exhibited reduced body size and learning/memory deficit. ARID2 haploinsufficiency was associated with reduced IFITM1 expression, which interacts with caveolin-1 (CAV-1) and inhibits ERK activation. DISCUSSION ARID2 haploinsufficiency is associated with enhanced RAS-MAPK activity, leading to reduced IFITM1 and CAV-1 expression, thereby increasing ERK activity. This altered interaction might lead to abnormal neuronal development and a short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eungu Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kang
- Asan institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Ju
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Lee
- Asan institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Cheol Woo
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Sung
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Shim
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chan Son
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hee Choi
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eul-Ju Seo
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Wook Yoo
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Mahn Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Hee Lee
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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62
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Ciptasari U, van Bokhoven H. The phenomenal epigenome in neurodevelopmental disorders. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:R42-R50. [PMID: 32766754 PMCID: PMC7530535 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of chromatin structure due to epimutations is a leading genetic etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, collectively known as chromatinopathies. We show that there is an increasing level of convergence from the high diversity of genes that are affected by mutations to the molecular networks and pathways involving the respective proteins, the disrupted cellular and subcellular processes, and their consequence for higher order cellular network function. This convergence is ultimately reflected by specific phenotypic features shared across the various chromatinopathies. Based on these observations, we propose that the commonly disrupted molecular and cellular anomalies might provide a rational target for the development of symptomatic interventions for defined groups of genetically distinct neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummi Ciptasari
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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63
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Lee E, Lee S, Shin JJ, Choi W, Chung C, Lee S, Kim J, Ha S, Kim R, Yoo T, Yoo YE, Kim J, Noh YW, Rhim I, Lee SY, Kim W, Lee T, Shin H, Cho IJ, Deisseroth K, Kim SJ, Park JM, Jung MW, Paik SB, Kim E. Excitatory synapses and gap junctions cooperate to improve Pv neuronal burst firing and cortical social cognition in Shank2-mutant mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5116. [PMID: 34433814 PMCID: PMC8387434 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptor (NMDAR) and GABA neuronal dysfunctions are observed in animal models of autism spectrum disorders, but how these dysfunctions impair social cognition and behavior remains unclear. We report here that NMDARs in cortical parvalbumin (Pv)-positive interneurons cooperate with gap junctions to promote high-frequency (>80 Hz) Pv neuronal burst firing and social cognition. Shank2–/– mice, displaying improved sociability upon NMDAR activation, show impaired cortical social representation and inhibitory neuronal burst firing. Cortical Shank2–/– Pv neurons show decreased NMDAR activity, which suppresses the cooperation between NMDARs and gap junctions (GJs) for normal burst firing. Shank2–/– Pv neurons show compensatory increases in GJ activity that are not sufficient for social rescue. However, optogenetic boosting of Pv neuronal bursts, requiring GJs, rescues cortical social cognition in Shank2–/– mice, similar to the NMDAR-dependent social rescue. Therefore, NMDARs and gap junctions cooperate to promote cortical Pv neuronal bursts and social cognition. How NMDAR and GABA neuronal dysfunctions result in impaired social behaviour is unclear. Here, the authors show that NMDARs and gap junctions in cortical PV interneurons modulate burst firing, affecting social behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunee Lee
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungjoon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Jin Shin
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Woochul Choi
- Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Changuk Chung
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Suho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seungmin Ha
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ryunhee Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Taesun Yoo
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jisoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Woo Noh
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Issac Rhim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Woohyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Taekyung Lee
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyogeun Shin
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Min Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Min Whan Jung
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea. .,Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Se-Bum Paik
- Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea. .,Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea.
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64
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Zhou C, Liu M, Mei X, Li Q, Zhang W, Deng P, He Z, Xi Y, Tong T, Pi H, Lu Y, Chen C, Zhang L, Yu Z, Zhou Z, He M. Histone hypoacetylation contributes to neurotoxicity induced by chronic nickel exposure in vivo and in vitro. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:147014. [PMID: 34088129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is a heavy metal that is both an environmental pollutant and a threat to human health. However, the effects of Ni on the central nervous system in susceptible populations have not been well established. In the present study, the neurotoxicity of Ni and its underlying mechanism were investigated in vivo and in vitro. Ni exposure through drinking water (10 mg Ni/L, 12 weeks) caused learning and memory impairment in mice. Reduced dendrite complexity was observed in both Ni-exposed mouse hippocampi and Ni-treated (200 μM, 72 h) primary cultured hippocampal neurons. The levels of histone acetylation, especially at histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9ac), were reduced in Ni-exposed mouse hippocampi and cultured neurons. RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing analyses revealed that H3K9ac-modulated gene expression were downregulated. Treatment with sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, attenuated Ni-induced H3K9 hypoacetylation, neural gene downregulation and dendrite complexity reduction in cultured neurons. Sodium butyrate also restored Ni-induced memory impairment in mice. These results indicate that Ni-induced H3K9 hypoacetylation may be a contributor to the neurotoxicity of Ni. The finding that Ni disturbs histone acetylation in the nervous system may provide new insight into the health risk of chronic Ni exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Department of Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of the Central Theater Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, 430070 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Mei
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin He
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xi
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Tong
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifeng Pi
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Lu
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mindi He
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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65
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Yang Y, Wang B, Zhong Z, Chen H, Ding W, Hoi MPM. Clonazepam attenuates neurobehavioral abnormalities in offspring exposed to maternal immune activation by enhancing GABAergic neurotransmission. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114711. [PMID: 34324871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ample evidence indicates that maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation is linked to an increased risk for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), anxiety and depression, in offspring. However, the underlying mechanism for such a link remains largely elusive. Here, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to examine the transcriptional profiles changes in mice in response to MIA and identified that the expression of Scn1a gene, encoding the pore-forming α-subunit of the brain voltage-gated sodium channel type-1 (NaV1.1) primarily in fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons, was significantly decreased in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of juvenile offspring after MIA. Moreover, diminished excitatory drive onto interneurons causes reduction of spontaneous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurotransmission in the mPFC of MIA offspring, leading to hyperactivity in this brain region. Remarkably, treatment with low-dose benzodiazepines clonazepam, an agonist of GABAA receptors, completely prevented the behavioral abnormalities, including stereotypies, social deficits, anxiety- and depression-like behavior, via increasing inhibitory neurotransmission as well as decreasing neural activity in the mPFC of MIA offspring. Our results demonstrate that decreased expression of NaV1.1 in the mPFC leads to abnormalities in maternal inflammation-related behaviors and provides a potential therapeutic strategy for the abnormal behavioral phenotypes observed in the offspring exposed to MIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Baojia Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhanqion Zhong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Weijun Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Maggie Pui Man Hoi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
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66
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Lee B, Park SM, Jeong S, Kim K, Jeung EB. Combined Exposure to Diazinon and Nicotine Exerts a Synergistic Adverse Effect In Vitro and Disrupts Brain Development and Behaviors In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147742. [PMID: 34299375 PMCID: PMC8307861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A real-life environment during pregnancy involves multiple and simultaneous exposures to toxic chemicals. Perinatal exposures to toxic chemicals have been reported to exert an inhibitory effect on mouse neural development and behaviors. However, the effect of combined exposures of organophosphate and nicotine has not been previously reported. In this study, we investigated whether a combined exposure of diazinon and nicotine can have a synergistic effect. The effects of the combined chemical exposure on cell viability and neuronal differentiation were examined using mouse Sox1-GFP cells. Additionally, mice were maternally administered 0.18 mg/kg diazinon, a no adverse effect level (NOAEL) dose, combined with 0.4, 1, and 2 mg/kg nicotine. Mice offspring underwent behavior tests to assess locomotor, depressive, cognitive, and social behaviors. Morphological change in the brain was investigated with immunolocalization. We revealed that the combined exposure to diazinon and nicotine can have a synergistic adverse effect in vitro. In addition, the chemical-treated mouse offspring showed abnormalities in motor learning, compulsive-like behaviors, spatial learning, and social interaction patterns. Moreover, 0.18 mg/kg diazinon and 2 mg/kg nicotine co-exposure resulted in an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive dopaminergic neurons. Thus, the findings suggest that perinatal co-exposure to nicotine and diazinon can result in abnormal neurodevelopment and behavior, even at low-level administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-261-2397; Fax: +82-43-267-3150
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67
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D'Souza L, Channakkar AS, Muralidharan B. Chromatin remodelling complexes in cerebral cortex development and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105055. [PMID: 33964373 PMCID: PMC7611358 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The diverse number of neurons in the cerebral cortex are generated during development by neural stem cells lining the ventricle, and they continue maturing postnatally. Dynamic chromatin regulation in these neural stem cells is a fundamental determinant of the emerging property of the functional neural network, and the chromatin remodellers are critical determinants of this process. Chromatin remodellers participate in several steps of this process from proliferation, differentiation, migration leading to complex network formation which forms the basis of higher-order functions of cognition and behaviour. Here we review the role of these ATP-dependent chromatin remodellers in cortical development in health and disease and highlight several key mouse mutants of the subunits of the complexes which have revealed how the remodelling mechanisms control the cortical stem cell chromatin landscape for expression of stage-specific transcripts. Consistent with their role in cortical development, several putative risk variants in the subunits of the remodelling complexes have been identified as the underlying causes of several neurodevelopmental disorders. A basic understanding of the detailed molecular mechanism of their action is key to understating how mutations in the same networks lead to disease pathologies and perhaps pave the way for therapeutic development for these complex multifactorial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leora D'Souza
- Brain Development and Disease Mechanisms, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore Life Science Cluster, Bangalore, India
| | - Asha S Channakkar
- Brain Development and Disease Mechanisms, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore Life Science Cluster, Bangalore, India
| | - Bhavana Muralidharan
- Brain Development and Disease Mechanisms, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore Life Science Cluster, Bangalore, India.
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68
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Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in 208 Individuals with Coffin-Siris Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060937. [PMID: 34205270 PMCID: PMC8233770 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS, MIM 135900) is a multi-system intellectual disability syndrome characterized by classic dysmorphic features, developmental delays, and organ system anomalies. Genes in the BRG1(BRM)-associated factors (BAF, Brahma associated factor) complex have been shown to be causative, including ARID1A, ARID1B, ARID2, DPF2, SMARCA4, SMARCB1, SMARCC2, SMARCE1, SOX11, and SOX4. In order to describe more robust genotype-phenotype correlations, we collected data from 208 individuals from the CSS/BAF complex registry with pathogenic variants in seven of these genes. Data were organized into cohorts by affected gene, comparing genotype groups across a number of binary and quantitative phenotypes. We determined that, while numerous phenotypes are seen in individuals with variants in the BAF complex, hypotonia, hypertrichosis, sparse scalp hair, and hypoplasia of the distal phalanx are still some of the most common features. It has been previously proposed that individuals with ARID-related variants are thought to have more learning and developmental struggles, and individuals with SMARC-related variants, while they also have developmental delay, tend to have more severe organ-related complications. SOX-related variants also have developmental differences and organ-related complications but are most associated with neurodevelopmental differences. While these generalizations still overall hold true, we have found that all individuals with BAF-related conditions are at risk of many aspects of the phenotype, and management and surveillance should be broad.
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69
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Deogharkar A, Singh SV, Bharambe HS, Paul R, Moiyadi A, Goel A, Shetty P, Sridhar E, Gupta T, Jalali R, Goel N, Gadewal N, Muthukumar S, Shirsat NV. Downregulation of ARID1B, a tumor-suppressor in the WNT subgroup medulloblastoma, activates multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1721-1733. [PMID: 33949667 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma, a common pediatric malignant brain tumor, consists of four distinct molecular subgroups WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4. Exome sequencing of 11 WNT subgroup medulloblastomas from an Indian cohort identified mutations in several chromatin modifier genes, including genes of the mammalian SWI/SNF complex. The genome of WNT subgroup tumors is known to be stable except for monosomy 6. Two tumors, having monosomy 6, carried a loss of function mutation in the ARID1B gene located on chromosome 6. ARID1B expression is also lower in the WNT subgroup tumors compared to other subgroups and normal cerebellar tissues that could result in haploinsufficiency. The shRNA-mediated knockdown of ARID1B expression resulted in a significant increase in the malignant potential of medulloblastoma cells. Transcriptome sequencing identified upregulation of several genes encoding cell adhesion proteins, matrix metalloproteases indicating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The ARID1B knockdown also upregulated ERK1/ERK2 and PI3K/AKT signaling with a decrease in the expression of several negative regulators of these pathways. The expression of negative regulators of the WNT signaling like TLE1, MDFI, GPX3, ALX4, DLC1, MEST decreased upon ARID1B knockdown resulting in the activation of the canonical WNT signaling pathway. Synthetic lethality has been reported between SWI-SNF complex mutations and EZH2 inhibition, suggesting EZH2 inhibition as a possible therapeutic modality for WNT subgroup medulloblastomas. Thus, the identification of ARID1B as a tumor suppressor and its downregulation resulting in the activation of multiple signaling pathways opens up opportunities for novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of WNT subgroup medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Deogharkar
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210
| | - Satishkumar Vishram Singh
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210
| | - Harish Shrikrishna Bharambe
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210
| | - Raikamal Paul
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210
| | | | | | | | | | - Tejpal Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai 400012
| | - Rakesh Jalali
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai 400012
| | - Naina Goel
- Department of Pathology, Seth G. S. Medical College, Parel, Mumbai 400012
| | - Nikhil Gadewal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210
| | - Sahana Muthukumar
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210
| | - Neelam Vishwanath Shirsat
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210
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70
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The role of GABAergic signalling in neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:290-307. [PMID: 33772226 PMCID: PMC9001156 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
GABAergic inhibition shapes the connectivity, activity and plasticity of the brain. A series of exciting new discoveries provides compelling evidence that disruptions in a number of key facets of GABAergic inhibition have critical roles in the aetiology of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). These facets include the generation, migration and survival of GABAergic neurons, the formation of GABAergic synapses and circuit connectivity, and the dynamic regulation of the efficacy of GABAergic signalling through neuronal chloride transporters. In this Review, we discuss recent work that elucidates the functions and dysfunctions of GABAergic signalling in health and disease, that uncovers the contribution of GABAergic neural circuit dysfunction to NDD aetiology and that leverages such mechanistic insights to advance precision medicine for the treatment of NDDs.
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71
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Cederquist GY, Tchieu J, Callahan SJ, Ramnarine K, Ryan S, Zhang C, Rittenhouse C, Zeltner N, Chung SY, Zhou T, Chen S, Betel D, White RM, Tomishima M, Studer L. A Multiplex Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Platform Defines Molecular and Functional Subclasses of Autism-Related Genes. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 27:35-49.e6. [PMID: 32619517 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Autism is a clinically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interactions, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Despite significant advances in the genetics of autism, understanding how genetic changes perturb brain development and affect clinical symptoms remains elusive. Here, we present a multiplex human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) platform, in which 30 isogenic disease lines are pooled in a single dish and differentiated into prefrontal cortex (PFC) lineages to efficiently test early-developmental hypotheses of autism. We define subgroups of autism mutations that perturb PFC neurogenesis and are correlated to abnormal WNT/βcatenin responses. Class 1 mutations (8 of 27) inhibit while class 2 mutations (5 of 27) enhance PFC neurogenesis. Remarkably, autism patient data reveal that individuals carrying subclass-specific mutations differ clinically in their corresponding language acquisition profiles. Our study provides a framework to disentangle genetic heterogeneity associated with autism and points toward converging molecular and developmental pathways of diverse autism-associated mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Y Cederquist
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill-Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jason Tchieu
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Scott J Callahan
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Cancer Genetics and Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Gerstner Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kiran Ramnarine
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sean Ryan
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chelsea Rittenhouse
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nadja Zeltner
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sun Young Chung
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Doron Betel
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Richard M White
- Cancer Genetics and Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mark Tomishima
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Ohmuro-Matsuyama Y, Kitaguchi T, Kimura H, Ueda H. Simple Fluorogenic Cellular Assay for Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Based on Split-Yellow Fluorescent Protein and Intrabodies. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10039-10046. [PMID: 34056159 PMCID: PMC8153662 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors that regulate the posttranslational modifications of histone tails are therapeutic drugs for many diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and asthma; however, convenient and sensitive methods to measure the effect of HDAC inhibitors in cultured mammalian cells remain limited. In this study, a fluorogenic assay was developed to detect the acetylation of lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9ac), which is involved in several cancers, Alzheimer's disease, and autism spectrum disorder. To monitor the changes in H3K9ac levels, an H3K9ac-specific intrabody fused with a small fragment FP11 of the split-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) (scFv-FP11) was expressed in mammalian cells, together with a larger YFP fragment FP1-10 fused with a nuclear localization signal. When the intranuclear level of H3K9ac is increased, the scFv-FP11 is more enriched in the nucleus via passive diffusion through the nuclear pores from the cytoplasm, which increases the chance of forming a fluorescent complex with the nuclear YFP1-10. The results showed that the YFP fluorescence increased when the cells were treated with HDAC inhibitors. Moreover, the sensitivity of the split YFP reporter system to three HDAC inhibitors was higher than that of a conventional cell viability test. The assay system will be a simple and sensitive detection method to evaluate HDAC inhibitor activities at the levels of both single cells and cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ohmuro-Matsuyama
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, and Cell Biology Center, Institute
of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
- Technology
Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitaguchi
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, and Cell Biology Center, Institute
of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, and Cell Biology Center, Institute
of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, and Cell Biology Center, Institute
of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
- E-mail:
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73
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Yang J, Yang X, Tang K. Interneuron development and dysfunction. FEBS J 2021; 289:2318-2336. [PMID: 33844440 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding excitation and inhibition balance in the brain begins with the tale of two basic types of neurons, glutamatergic projection neurons and GABAergic interneurons. The diversity of cortical interneurons is contributed by multiple origins in the ventral forebrain, various tangential migration routes, and complicated regulations of intrinsic factors, extrinsic signals, and activities. Abnormalities of interneuron development lead to dysfunction of interneurons and inhibitory circuits, which are highly associated with neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, and intellectual disability. In this review, we mainly discuss recent findings on the development of cortical interneuron and on neurodevelopmental disorders related to interneuron dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, China
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Ellegood J, Petkova SP, Kinman A, Qiu LR, Adhikari A, Wade AA, Fernandes D, Lindenmaier Z, Creighton A, Nutter LMJ, Nord AS, Silverman JL, Lerch JP. Neuroanatomy and behavior in mice with a haploinsufficiency of AT-rich interactive domain 1B (ARID1B) throughout development. Mol Autism 2021; 12:25. [PMID: 33757588 PMCID: PMC7986278 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-021-00432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the causal mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is chromatin modification and the genes that regulate chromatin. AT-rich interactive domain 1B (ARID1B), a chromatin modifier, has been linked to autism spectrum disorder and to affect rare and inherited genetic variation in a broad set of NDDs. METHODS A novel preclinical mouse model of Arid1b deficiency was created and validated to characterize and define neuroanatomical, behavioral and transcriptional phenotypes. Neuroanatomy was assessed ex vivo in adult animals and in vivo longitudinally from birth to adulthood. Behavioral testing was also performed throughout development and tested all aspects of motor, learning, sociability, repetitive behaviors, seizure susceptibility, and general milestones delays. RESULTS We validated decreased Arid1b mRNA and protein in Arid1b+/- mice, with signatures of increased axonal and synaptic gene expression, decreased transcriptional regulator and RNA processing expression in adult Arid1b+/- cerebellum. During neonatal development, Arid1b+/- mice exhibited robust impairments in ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) and metrics of developmental growth. In addition, a striking sex effect was observed neuroanatomically throughout development. Behaviorally, as adults, Arid1b+/- mice showed low motor skills in open field exploration and normal three-chambered approach. Arid1b+/- mice had learning and memory deficits in novel object recognition but not in visual discrimination and reversal touchscreen tasks. Social interactions in the male-female social dyad with USVs revealed social deficits on some but not all parameters. No repetitive behaviors were observed. Brains of adult Arid1b+/- mice had a smaller cerebellum and a larger hippocampus and corpus callosum. The corpus callosum increase seen here contrasts previous reports which highlight losses in corpus callosum volume in mice and humans. LIMITATIONS The behavior and neuroimaging analyses were done on separate cohorts of mice, which did not allow a direct correlation between the imaging and behavioral findings, and the transcriptomic analysis was exploratory, with no validation of altered expression beyond Arid1b. CONCLUSIONS This study represents a full validation and investigation of a novel model of Arid1b+/- haploinsufficiency throughout development and highlights the importance of examining both sexes throughout development in NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.
| | - S P Petkova
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A Kinman
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - L R Qiu
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Adhikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - A A Wade
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - D Fernandes
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Z Lindenmaier
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Creighton
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L M J Nutter
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A S Nord
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J L Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - J P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Pagliaroli L, Trizzino M. The Evolutionary Conserved SWI/SNF Subunits ARID1A and ARID1B Are Key Modulators of Pluripotency and Cell-Fate Determination. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:643361. [PMID: 33748136 PMCID: PMC7969888 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.643361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organismal development is a process that requires a fine-tuned control of cell fate and identity, through timely regulation of lineage-specific genes. These processes are mediated by the concerted action of transcription factors and protein complexes that orchestrate the interaction between cis-regulatory elements (enhancers, promoters) and RNA Polymerase II to elicit transcription. A proper understanding of these dynamics is essential to elucidate the mechanisms underlying developmental diseases. Many developmental disorders, such as Coffin-Siris Syndrome, characterized by growth impairment and intellectual disability are associated with mutations in subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler complex, which is an essential regulator of transcription. ARID1B and its paralog ARID1A encode for the two largest, mutually exclusive, subunits of the complex. Mutations in ARID1A and, especially, ARID1B are recurrently associated with a very wide array of developmental disorders, suggesting that these two SWI/SNF subunits play an important role in cell fate decision. In this mini-review we therefore discuss the available scientific literature linking ARID1A and ARID1B to cell fate determination, pluripotency maintenance, and organismal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pagliaroli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marco Trizzino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Mossink B, Negwer M, Schubert D, Nadif Kasri N. The emerging role of chromatin remodelers in neurodevelopmental disorders: a developmental perspective. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2517-2563. [PMID: 33263776 PMCID: PMC8004494 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), are a large group of disorders in which early insults during brain development result in a wide and heterogeneous spectrum of clinical diagnoses. Mutations in genes coding for chromatin remodelers are overrepresented in NDD cohorts, pointing towards epigenetics as a convergent pathogenic pathway between these disorders. In this review we detail the role of NDD-associated chromatin remodelers during the developmental continuum of progenitor expansion, differentiation, cell-type specification, migration and maturation. We discuss how defects in chromatin remodelling during these early developmental time points compound over time and result in impaired brain circuit establishment. In particular, we focus on their role in the three largest cell populations: glutamatergic neurons, GABAergic neurons, and glia cells. An in-depth understanding of the spatiotemporal role of chromatin remodelers during neurodevelopment can contribute to the identification of molecular targets for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Mossink
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Geert Grooteplein 10, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Moritz Negwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Geert Grooteplein 10, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Schubert
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Geert Grooteplein 10, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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77
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Moffat JJ, Jung EM, Ka M, Jeon BT, Lee H, Kim WY. Differential roles of ARID1B in excitatory and inhibitory neural progenitors in the developing cortex. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3856. [PMID: 33594090 PMCID: PMC7886865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic evidence indicates that haploinsufficiency of ARID1B causes intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the neural function of ARID1B is largely unknown. Using both conditional and global Arid1b knockout mouse strains, we examined the role of ARID1B in neural progenitors. We detected an overall decrease in the proliferation of cortical and ventral neural progenitors following homozygous deletion of Arid1b, as well as altered cell cycle regulation and increased cell death. Each of these phenotypes was more pronounced in ventral neural progenitors. Furthermore, we observed decreased nuclear localization of β-catenin in Arid1b-deficient neurons. Conditional homozygous deletion of Arid1b in ventral neural progenitors led to pronounced ID- and ASD-like behaviors in mice, whereas the deletion in cortical neural progenitors resulted in minor cognitive deficits. This study suggests an essential role for ARID1B in forebrain neurogenesis and clarifies its more pronounced role in inhibitory neural progenitors. Our findings also provide insights into the pathogenesis of ID and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Moffat
- Developmental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94153, USA
| | - Eui-Man Jung
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhan Ka
- Research Center for Substance Abuse Pharmacology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Tak Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Hyunkyoung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Woo-Yang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
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Xu Y, Fan X, Hu Y. In vivo interactome profiling by enzyme-catalyzed proximity labeling. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:27. [PMID: 33514425 PMCID: PMC7847152 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-catalyzed proximity labeling (PL) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a revolutionary approach to reveal the protein-protein interaction networks, dissect complex biological processes, and characterize the subcellular proteome in a more physiological setting than before. The enzymatic tags are being upgraded to improve temporal and spatial resolution and obtain faster catalytic dynamics and higher catalytic efficiency. In vivo application of PL integrated with other state of the art techniques has recently been adapted in live animals and plants, allowing questions to be addressed that were previously inaccessible. It is timely to summarize the current state of PL-dependent interactome studies and their potential applications. We will focus on in vivo uses of newer versions of PL and highlight critical considerations for successful in vivo PL experiments that will provide novel insights into the protein interactome in the context of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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79
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Brkić D, Ng-Cordell E, O'Brien S, Scerif G, Astle D, Baker K. Gene functional networks and autism spectrum characteristics in young people with intellectual disability: a dimensional phenotyping study. Mol Autism 2020; 11:98. [PMID: 33308299 PMCID: PMC7731560 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between specific genetic aetiology and phenotype in neurodevelopmental disorders are complex and hotly contested. Genes associated with intellectual disability (ID) can be grouped into networks according to gene function. This study explored whether individuals with ID show differences in autism spectrum characteristics (ASC), depending on the functional network membership of their rare, pathogenic de novo genetic variants. METHODS Children and young people with ID of known genetic origin were allocated to two broad functional network groups: synaptic physiology (n = 29) or chromatin regulation (n = 23). We applied principle components analysis to the Social Responsiveness Scale to map the structure of ASC in this population and identified three components-Inflexibility, Social Understanding and Social Motivation. We then used Akaike information criterion to test the best fitting models for predicting ASC components, including demographic factors (age, gender), non-ASC behavioural factors (global adaptive function, anxiety, hyperactivity, inattention), and gene functional networks. RESULTS We found that, when other factors are accounted for, the chromatin regulation group showed higher levels of Inflexibility. We also observed contrasting predictors of ASC within each network group. Within the chromatin regulation group, Social Understanding was associated with inattention, and Social Motivation was predicted by hyperactivity. Within the synaptic group, Social Understanding was associated with hyperactivity, and Social Motivation was linked to anxiety. LIMITATIONS Functional network definitions were manually curated based on multiple sources of evidence, but a data-driven approach to classification may be more robust. Sample sizes for rare genetic diagnoses remain small, mitigated by our network-based approach to group comparisons. This is a cross-sectional study across a wide age range, and longitudinal data within focused age groups will be informative of developmental trajectories across network groups. CONCLUSION We report that gene functional networks can predict Inflexibility, but not other ASC dimensions. Contrasting behavioural associations within each group suggest network-specific developmental pathways from genomic variation to autism. Simple classification of neurodevelopmental disorder genes as high risk or low risk for autism is unlikely to be valid or useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra Brkić
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Elise Ng-Cordell
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK.,Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Sinéad O'Brien
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Gaia Scerif
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Duncan Astle
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Kate Baker
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK.
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Basilico B, Morandell J, Novarino G. Molecular mechanisms for targeted ASD treatments. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 65:126-137. [PMID: 32659636 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The possibility to generate construct valid animal models enabled the development and testing of therapeutic strategies targeting the core features of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). At the same time, these studies highlighted the necessity of identifying sensitive developmental time windows for successful therapeutic interventions. Animal and human studies also uncovered the possibility to stratify the variety of ASDs in molecularly distinct subgroups, potentially facilitating effective treatment design. Here, we focus on the molecular pathways emerging as commonly affected by mutations in diverse ASD-risk genes, on their role during critical windows of brain development and the potential treatments targeting these biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmin Morandell
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Gaia Novarino
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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Garcia-Forn M, Boitnott A, Akpinar Z, De Rubeis S. Linking Autism Risk Genes to Disruption of Cortical Development. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112500. [PMID: 33218123 PMCID: PMC7698947 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social communication and social interaction, and the presence of repetitive behaviors and/or restricted interests. In the past few years, large-scale whole-exome sequencing and genome-wide association studies have made enormous progress in our understanding of the genetic risk architecture of ASD. While showing a complex and heterogeneous landscape, these studies have led to the identification of genetic loci associated with ASD risk. The intersection of genetic and transcriptomic analyses have also begun to shed light on functional convergences between risk genes, with the mid-fetal development of the cerebral cortex emerging as a critical nexus for ASD. In this review, we provide a concise summary of the latest genetic discoveries on ASD. We then discuss the studies in postmortem tissues, stem cell models, and rodent models that implicate recently identified ASD risk genes in cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garcia-Forn
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.-F.); (A.B.); (Z.A.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrea Boitnott
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.-F.); (A.B.); (Z.A.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zeynep Akpinar
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.-F.); (A.B.); (Z.A.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.-F.); (A.B.); (Z.A.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-241-0179
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4-tert-Octylphenol Exposure Disrupts Brain Development and Subsequent Motor, Cognition, Social, and Behavioral Functions. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8875604. [PMID: 33294128 PMCID: PMC7691001 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8875604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endocrine-disrupting chemical 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) is a widespread estrogenic chemical used in consumer products such as epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastic. However, the effects of OP on brain development are unknown. The present study examined the effects of OP on neuron and neurobehavioral development in mice. By using primary cortical neuron cultures, we found that OP-treated showed a decreased length of axons and dendrites and an increased number of primary and secondary dendrites. OP reduced bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), mitotic marker Ki67, and phospho-histone H3 (p-Histone-H3), resulting in a reduction of neuronal progenitor proliferation in offspring mouse brain. Moreover, OP induced apoptosis in neuronal progenitor cells in offspring mouse brain. Furthermore, offspring mice from OP-treated dams showed abnormal cognitive, social, and anxiety-like behaviors. Taken together, these results suggest that perinatal exposure to OP disrupts brain development and behavior in mice.
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83
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Rea V, Van Raay TJ. Using Zebrafish to Model Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comparison of ASD Risk Genes Between Zebrafish and Their Mammalian Counterparts. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:575575. [PMID: 33262688 PMCID: PMC7686559 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.575575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a highly variable and complex set of neurological disorders that alter neurodevelopment and cognitive function, which usually presents with social and learning impairments accompanied with other comorbid symptoms like hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity, or repetitive behaviors. Autism can be caused by genetic and/or environmental factors and unraveling the etiology of ASD has proven challenging, especially given that different genetic mutations can cause both similar and different phenotypes that all fall within the autism spectrum. Furthermore, the list of ASD risk genes is ever increasing making it difficult to synthesize a common theme. The use of rodent models to enhance ASD research is invaluable and is beginning to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms of this disease. Recently, zebrafish have been recognized as a useful model of neurodevelopmental disorders with regards to genetics, pharmacology and behavior and one of the main foundations supporting autism research (SFARI) recently identified 12 ASD risk genes with validated zebrafish mutant models. Here, we describe what is known about those 12 ASD risk genes in human, mice and zebrafish to better facilitate this research. We also describe several non-genetic models including pharmacological and gnotobiotic models that are used in zebrafish to study ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terence J. Van Raay
- Dept of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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84
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Proximity labeling in mammalian cells with TurboID and split-TurboID. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:3971-3999. [PMID: 33139955 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This protocol describes the use of TurboID and split-TurboID in proximity labeling applications for mapping protein-protein interactions and subcellular proteomes in live mammalian cells. TurboID is an engineered biotin ligase that uses ATP to convert biotin into biotin-AMP, a reactive intermediate that covalently labels proximal proteins. Optimized using directed evolution, TurboID has substantially higher activity than previously described biotin ligase-related proximity labeling methods, such as BioID, enabling higher temporal resolution and broader application in vivo. Split-TurboID consists of two inactive fragments of TurboID that can be reconstituted through protein-protein interactions or organelle-organelle interactions, which can facilitate greater targeting specificity than full-length enzymes alone. Proteins biotinylated by TurboID or split-TurboID are then enriched with streptavidin beads and identified by mass spectrometry. Here, we describe fusion construct design and characterization (variable timing), proteomic sample preparation (5-7 d), mass spectrometric data acquisition (2 d), and proteomic data analysis (1 week).
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85
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Wundrach D, Martinetti LE, Stafford AM, Bilinovich SM, Angara K, Prokop JW, Crandall SR, Vogt D. A Human TSC1 Variant Screening Platform in Gabaergic Cortical Interneurons for Genotype to Phenotype Assessments. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:573409. [PMID: 33071758 PMCID: PMC7539171 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.573409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The TSC1 and TSC2 genes are connected to multiple syndromes from Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with uncertainty if genetic variants cause all or subsets of phenotypes based on the location and type of change. For TSC1, few have addressed if non-TSC associated genetic variants have direct contributions to changes in neurological genotype-to-phenotype impacts, including elevated rates of ASD and seizures. Dominant variants cause TSC, yet TSC1 has many heritable variants not dominant for TSC that are poorly understood in neurological function, with some associated with ASD. Herein, we examined how missense variants in TSC1, R336W, T360N, T393I, S403L, and H732Y, impacted the development of cortical inhibitory interneurons, cell-types whose molecular, cellular, and physiological properties are altered after the loss of mouse TSC1. We found these variants complemented a known phenotype caused by loss of TSC1, increased cell size. However, distinct variants, particularly S403L showed deficits in complementing an increase in parvalbumin levels and exhibited smaller amplitude after hyperpolarizations. Overall, these data show that subtle phenotypes can be induced by some TSC1 missense variants and provide an in vivo system to assess TSC1 variants’ neurological impact better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Wundrach
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Luis E Martinetti
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - April M Stafford
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Stephanie M Bilinovich
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Kartik Angara
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Jeremy W Prokop
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Center for Research in Autism, Intellectual and other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Shane R Crandall
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Center for Research in Autism, Intellectual and other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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86
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Rein B, Ma K, Yan Z. A standardized social preference protocol for measuring social deficits in mouse models of autism. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:3464-3477. [PMID: 32895524 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication deficits and other behavioral abnormalities. The three-chamber social preference test is often used to assess social deficits in mouse models of ASD. However, varying and often contradicting phenotypic descriptions of ASD mouse models can be found in the scientific literature, and the substantial variability in the methods used by researchers to assess social deficits in mice could be a contributing factor. Here we describe a standardized three-chamber social preference protocol, which is sensitive and reliable at detecting social preference deficits in several mouse models of ASD. This protocol comprises three phases that can all be completed within 1 d. The test mouse is first habituated to the apparatus containing two empty cups in the side chambers, followed by the pre-test phase in which the mouse can interact with two identical inanimate objects placed in the cups. During the test phase, the mouse is allowed to interact with a social stimulus (an unfamiliar wild-type (WT) mouse) contained in one cup and a novel non-social stimulus contained in the other cup. The protocol is thus designed to assess preference between social and non-social stimuli under conditions of equal salience. The broad implementation of the three-chamber social preference protocol presented here should improve the accuracy and consistency of assessments for social preference deficits associated with ASD and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rein
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kaijie Ma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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87
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Zovkic IB. Epigenetics and memory: an expanded role for chromatin dynamics. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 67:58-65. [PMID: 32905876 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nearly two decades of research on epigenetic mechanisms in the brain have demonstrated that epigenetic marks that were once thought to be relatively static are dynamically and reversibly regulated in the brain during memory formation. Here, we focus on new research that has further expanded the dynamic nature of chromatin in memory formation through three key mechanisms. First, we discuss the emerging role of histone variants, which undergo learning-induced turnover or exchange, a process in which one histone type replaces another in chromatin. Next, we focus on chromatin remodeling complexes, which are tightly intertwined with all aspects of chromatin regulation and as such, can reposition or evict nucleosomes to promote transcriptional induction, and mediate histone variant exchange. Finally, we discuss how differential distribution of histone marks to localized narrow genomic regions and/or broadly distributed chromatin domains impact transcriptional outcomes and memory formation. Together, these studies mark a shift toward unraveling the complexity of chromatin function in memory and offer new strategies for fine tuning transcriptional outcomes to modify longevity, specificity and strength of memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva B Zovkic
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Canada.
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88
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Lalli MA, Avey D, Dougherty JD, Milbrandt J, Mitra RD. High-throughput single-cell functional elucidation of neurodevelopmental disease-associated genes reveals convergent mechanisms altering neuronal differentiation. Genome Res 2020; 30:1317-1331. [PMID: 32887689 PMCID: PMC7545139 DOI: 10.1101/gr.262295.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The overwhelming success of exome- and genome-wide association studies in discovering thousands of disease-associated genes necessitates developing novel high-throughput functional genomics approaches to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of these genes. Here, we have coupled multiplexed repression of neurodevelopmental disease–associated genes to single-cell transcriptional profiling in differentiating human neurons to rapidly assay the functions of multiple genes in a disease-relevant context, assess potentially convergent mechanisms, and prioritize genes for specific functional assays. For a set of 13 autism spectrum disorder (ASD)–associated genes, we show that this approach generated important mechanistic insights, revealing two functionally convergent modules of ASD genes: one that delays neuron differentiation and one that accelerates it. Five genes that delay neuron differentiation (ADNP, ARID1B, ASH1L, CHD2, and DYRK1A) mechanistically converge, as they all dysregulate genes involved in cell-cycle control and progenitor cell proliferation. Live-cell imaging after individual ASD-gene repression validated this functional module, confirming that these genes reduce neural progenitor cell proliferation and neurite growth. Finally, these functionally convergent ASD gene modules predicted shared clinical phenotypes among individuals with mutations in these genes. Altogether, these results show the utility of a novel and simple approach for the rapid functional elucidation of neurodevelopmental disease-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Lalli
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Denis Avey
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Robi D Mitra
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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89
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Wang X, Gao C, Zhang Y, Xu J, Fang Q, Gou L, Yang Z, Mei D, Liu L, Li L, Liu J, Zhang H, Song Y. Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Knockdown Within Basolateral Amygdala Induces Autistic-Related Phenotypes and Decreases Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in Mice. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:886. [PMID: 32982674 PMCID: PMC7488195 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in communication, impaired social interaction, and repetitive or restricted interests and behaviors. We have recently shown that neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression was reduced in the basolateral amygdala of mice after postnatal valproic acid exposure. However, the specific role of nNOS downregulation in mice remains to be elucidated. Herein, we investigated the behavioral alternations of naive mice with a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated knockdown of nNOS in a comprehensive test battery, including the social interaction, marble burying, self-grooming, and open field tests. Further, the electrophysiological and surface expression changes induced by nNOS deficiency of the basolateral amygdala in these animals were examined. Our results show that nNOS knockdown displayed typical symptoms of ASD-like behaviors, such as reduced social interaction and communication, elevated stereotypes, and anxiety in mice. Surprisingly, we found that nNOS knockdown exhibited greatly reduced excitatory synaptic transmission concomitant with the lower surface expression of GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and postsynaptic density protein 95 in mice. These findings support a notion that dysregulation of nNOS might contribute to ASD-associated phenotypes, with disease pathogenesis most likely resulting from deficits in excitatory synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinxiu Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Sanquan Medical College, Xinxiang, China
| | - Quanfeng Fang
- Healthcare Department, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingshan Gou
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Daoqi Mei
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Leiming Liu
- Department of Medical Assistance, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linfei Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huichun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinsen Song
- People's Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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90
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Moyses-Oliveira M, Yadav R, Erdin S, Talkowski ME. New gene discoveries highlight functional convergence in autism and related neurodevelopmental disorders. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 65:195-206. [PMID: 32846283 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two years, remarkable gene discovery efforts have implicated disruption of pathways involving gene regulatory functions and neuronal processes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and more broadly defined neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Functional studies in the developing brain and across cell types demonstrate that the spatiotemporal expression patterns of many of these genes coalesce on subnetworks with distinct developmental trajectories. Here, we review the convergent biological processes derived from gene discovery and functional genomics in ASD and NDD from 2018-2020. We further probe the mechanistic insights that suggest these frequently perturbed pathways are interconnected and, ultimately, converge on specific functional deficits in human neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Moyses-Oliveira
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, United States; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA, United States; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Rachita Yadav
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, United States; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA, United States; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Serkan Erdin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, United States; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA, United States; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, United States; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA, United States; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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91
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Genes containing hexanucleotide repeats resembling C9ORF72 and expressed in the central nervous system are frequent in the human genome. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 97:148.e1-148.e7. [PMID: 32843153 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More than 40 human diseases, mainly diseases affecting the central nervous system, are caused by the expansion of unstable nucleotide repeats. Repeats of sequences like (CAG)n present in different genes can be responsible for various diseases of the central nervous system. An expanded hexanucleotide repeat (GGGGCC)n in the C9ORF72 gene has been characterized as the most frequent genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar dementia. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis in the human genome and identified 74 genes containing this precise hexanucleotide repeat, with a preference for a location in exon 1 or intron 1, similar to the C9ORF72 gene. A total of 36 of these 74 genes may be of interest as candidates in neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative diseases, based on their function.
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92
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Kruizinga MD, Zuiker RGJA, Sali E, de Kam ML, Doll RJ, Groeneveld GJ, Santen GWE, Cohen AF. Finding Suitable Clinical Endpoints for a Potential Treatment of a Rare Genetic Disease: the Case of ARID1B. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1300-1310. [PMID: 32462407 PMCID: PMC7609730 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of reliable, repeatable, and non-invasive clinical endpoints when investigating treatments for intellectual disability (ID). The aim of this study is to explore a novel approach towards developing new endpoints for neurodevelopmental disorders, in this case for ARID1B-related ID. In this study, twelve subjects with ARID1B-related ID and twelve age-matched controls were included in this observational case-control study. Subjects performed a battery of non-invasive neurobehavioral and neurophysiological assessments on two study days. Test domains included cognition, executive functioning, and eye tracking. Furthermore, several electrophysiological assessments were performed. Subjects wore a smartwatch (Withings® Steel HR) for 6 days. Tests were systematically assessed regarding tolerability, variability, repeatability, difference with control group, and correlation with traditional endpoints. Animal fluency, adaptive tracking, body sway, and smooth pursuit eye movements were assessed as fit-for-purpose regarding all criteria, while physical activity, heart rate, and sleep parameters show promise as well. The event-related potential waveform of the passive oddball and visual evoked potential tasks showed discriminatory ability, but EEG assessments were perceived as extremely burdensome. This approach successfully identified fit-for-purpose candidate endpoints for ARID1B-related ID and possibly for other neurodevelopmental disorders. Next, results could be replicated in different ID populations or the assessments could be included as exploratory endpoint in interventional trials in ARID1B-related ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs D Kruizinga
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Juliana Children's Hospital, HAGA Teaching Hospital, the Hague, the Netherlands.
| | - Rob G J A Zuiker
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elif Sali
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke L de Kam
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J Doll
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan Groeneveld
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs W E Santen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Adam F Cohen
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL, Leiden, the Netherlands
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93
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Boerstler T, Wend H, Krumbiegel M, Kavyanifar A, Reis A, Lie DC, Winner B, Turan S. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated generation of human ARID1B heterozygous knockout hESC lines to model Coffin-Siris syndrome. Stem Cell Res 2020; 47:101889. [PMID: 32682288 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ARID1B haploinsufficiency induced by missense or nonsense mutations of ARID1B is a cause of Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS), a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with intellectual disability. At present, no appropriate human stem cell model for ARID1B-associated CSS has been reported. Here, we describe the generation and validation of ARID1B+/- hESCs by introducing out of frame deletions into exon 5 or 6 of ARID1B with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. These ARID1B+/- hESC lines allow to study the pathophysiology of ARID1B-associated CSS in 2D and 3D models of human neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Boerstler
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Stem Cell Biology, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Wend
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Stem Cell Biology, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mandy Krumbiegel
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Human Genetics, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Atria Kavyanifar
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Biochemistry, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Human Genetics, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dieter Chichung Lie
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Biochemistry, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Stem Cell Biology, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Soeren Turan
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Stem Cell Biology, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Biochemistry, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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94
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Neurodevelopmental Disorders: From Genetics to Functional Pathways. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:608-621. [PMID: 32507511 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a class of disorders affecting brain development and function and are characterized by wide genetic and clinical variability. In this review, we discuss the multiple factors that influence the clinical presentation of NDDs, with particular attention to gene vulnerability, mutational load, and the two-hit model. Despite the complex architecture of mutational events associated with NDDs, the various proteins involved appear to converge on common pathways, such as synaptic plasticity/function, chromatin remodelers and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms behind these pathways will hopefully lead to the identification of candidates that could be targeted for treatment approaches.
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95
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Perinatal Exposure to Triclosan Results in Abnormal Brain Development and Behavior in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114009. [PMID: 32503345 PMCID: PMC7312693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is one of the most common endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) present in household and personal wash products. Recently, concerns have been raised about the association between abnormal behavior in children and exposure to EDC during gestation. We hypothesized that exposure to TCS during gestation could affect brain development. Cortical neurons of mice were exposed in vitro to TCS. In addition, we examined in vivo whether maternal TCS administration can affect neurobehavioral development in the offspring generation. We determined that TCS can impair dendrite and axon growth by reducing average length and numbers of axons and dendrites. Additionally, TCS inhibited the proliferation of and promoted apoptosis in neuronal progenitor cells. Detailed behavioral analyses showed impaired acquisition of spatial learning and reference memory in offspring derived from dams exposed to TCS. The TCS-treated groups also showed cognition dysfunction and impairments in sociability and social novelty preference. Furthermore, TCS-treated groups exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior, but there was no significant change in depression-like behaviors. In addition, TCS-treated groups exhibited deficits in nesting behavior. Taken together, our results indicate that perinatal exposure to TCS induces neurodevelopment disorder, resulting in abnormal social behaviors, cognitive impairment, and deficits in spatial learning and memory in offspring.
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96
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Bina M. Discovering candidate imprinted genes and imprinting control regions in the human genome. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:378. [PMID: 32475352 PMCID: PMC7262774 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic imprinting is a process thereby a subset of genes is expressed in a parent-of-origin specific manner. This evolutionary novelty is restricted to mammals and controlled by genomic DNA segments known as Imprinting Control Regions (ICRs) and germline Differentially Methylated Regions (gDMRs). Previously, I showed that in the mouse genome, the fully characterized ICRs/gDMRs often includes clusters of 2 or more of a set of composite-DNA-elements known as ZFBS-morph overlaps. RESULTS Because of the importance of the ICRs to regulating parent-of-origin specific gene expression, I developed a genome-wide strategy for predicting their positions in the human genome. My strategy consists of creating plots to display the density of ZFBS-morph overlaps along the entire chromosomal DNA sequences. In initial evaluations, I found that peaks in these plots pinpointed several of the known ICRs/gDMRs along the DNA in chromosomal bands. I deduced that in density-plots, robust peaks corresponded to actual or candidate ICRs in the DNA. By locating the genes in the vicinity of candidate ICRs, I could discover potential imprinting genes. Additionally, my assessments revealed a connection between several of the potential imprinted genes and human developmental anomalies. Examples include Leber congenital amaurosis 11, Coffin-Siris syndrome, progressive myoclonic epilepsy-10, microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II, and microphthalmia, cleft lip and palate, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. CONCLUSION With plots displaying the density of ZFBS-morph overlaps, researchers could locate candidate ICRs and imprinted genes. Since the datafiles are available for download and display at the UCSC genome browser, it is possible to examine the plots in the context of Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to design experiments to discover novel ICRs and imprinted genes in the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minou Bina
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Arid1b haploinsufficiency in parvalbumin- or somatostatin-expressing interneurons leads to distinct ASD-like and ID-like behavior. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7834. [PMID: 32398858 PMCID: PMC7217886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory interneurons are essential for proper brain development and function. Dysfunction of interneurons is implicated in several neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). We have previously shown that Arid1b haploinsufficiency interferes with interneuron development and leads to social, cognitive, and emotional impairments consistent with ASD and ID. It is unclear, however, whether interneurons play a major role for the behavioral deficits in Arid1b haploinsufficiency. Furthermore, it is critical to determine which interneuron subtypes contribute to distinct behavioral phenotypes. In the present study, we generated Arid1b haploinsufficient mice in which a copy of the Arid1b gene is deleted in either parvalbumin (PV) or somatostatin (SST) interneurons, and examined their ASD- and ID-like behaviors. We found that Arid1b haploinsufficiency in PV or SST interneurons resulted in distinct features that do not overlap with one another. Arid1b haploinsufficiency in PV neurons contributed to social and emotional impairments, while the gene deletion in the SST population caused stereotypies as well as learning and memory dysfunction. These findings demonstrate a critical role of interneurons in Arid1b haploinsufficient pathology and suggest that PV and SST interneurons may have distinct roles in modulating neurological phenotypes in Arid1b haploinsufficiency-induced ASD and ID.
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98
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Corpus callosum metrics predict severity of visuospatial and neuromotor dysfunctions in ARID1B mutations with Coffin-Siris syndrome. Psychiatr Genet 2020; 29:237-242. [PMID: 30933046 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ARID1B mutations in Coffin-Siris syndrome are a cause of intellectual disability (0.5-1%), with various degrees of autism and agenesis of the corpus callosum (10%). Little is known regarding the cognitive and motor consequences of ARID1B mutations in humans and no link has been made between corpus callosum anomalies and visuospatial and neuromotor dysfunctions. We have investigated the visuospatial and neuromotor phenotype in eight patients with ARID1B mutations. A paramedian sagittal section of the brain MRI was selected, and corpus callosum was measured in anteroposterior length, genu and trunk width. Spearman's rank order coefficients were used to explore correlations between visuospatial and social cognitive variables and dimensions of the corpus callosum. A significant correlation between genu width size and visual cognition was observed. Retrocerebellar cysts were associated with corpus callosum anomalies. Here, we show that corpus callosum anomalies caused in ARID1B mutations may be predictive of the visuospatial and motor phenotype in Coffin-Siris syndrome.
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99
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Yoon SH, Choi J, Lee WJ, Do JT. Genetic and Epigenetic Etiology Underlying Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E966. [PMID: 32244359 PMCID: PMC7230567 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, language development delays, repeated body movements, and markedly deteriorated activities and interests. Environmental factors, such as viral infection, parental age, and zinc deficiency, can be plausible contributors to ASD susceptibility. As ASD is highly heritable, genetic risk factors involved in neurodevelopment, neural communication, and social interaction provide important clues in explaining the etiology of ASD. Accumulated evidence also shows an important role of epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA, in ASD etiology. In this review, we compiled the research published to date and described the genetic and epigenetic epidemiology together with environmental risk factors underlying the etiology of the different phenotypes of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeong Tae Do
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.H.Y.); (J.C.); (W.J.L.)
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100
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Southwell DG, Seifikar H, Malik R, Lavi K, Vogt D, Rubenstein JL, Sohal VS. Interneuron Transplantation Rescues Social Behavior Deficits without Restoring Wild-Type Physiology in a Mouse Model of Autism with Excessive Synaptic Inhibition. J Neurosci 2020; 40:2215-2227. [PMID: 31988060 PMCID: PMC7083289 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1063-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulations that enhance GABAergic inhibition have been associated with improved behavioral phenotypes in autism models, suggesting that autism may be treated by correcting underlying deficits of inhibition. Interneuron transplantation is a method for increasing recipient synaptic inhibition, and it has been considered a prospective therapy for conditions marked by deficient inhibition, including neuropsychiatric disorders. It is unknown, however, whether interneuron transplantation may be therapeutically effective only for conditions marked by reduced inhibition, and it is also unclear whether transplantation improves behavioral phenotypes solely by normalizing underlying circuit defects. To address these questions, we studied the effects of interneuron transplantation in male and female mice lacking the autism-associated gene, Pten, in GABAergic interneurons. Pten mutant mice exhibit social behavior deficits, elevated synaptic inhibition in prefrontal cortex, abnormal baseline and social interaction-evoked electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, and an altered composition of cortical interneuron subtypes. Transplantation of wild-type embryonic interneurons from the medial ganglionic eminence into the prefrontal cortex of neonatal Pten mutants rescued social behavior despite exacerbating excessive levels of synaptic inhibition. Furthermore, transplantation did not normalize recipient EEG signals measured during baseline states. Interneuron transplantation can thus correct behavioral deficits even when those deficits are associated with elevated synaptic inhibition. Moreover, transplantation does not exert therapeutic effects solely by restoring wild-type circuit states. Our findings indicate that interneuron transplantation could offer a novel cell-based approach to autism treatment while challenging assumptions that effective therapies must reverse underlying circuit defects.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Imbalances between neural excitation and inhibition are hypothesized to contribute to the pathophysiology of autism. Interneuron transplantation is a method for altering recipient inhibition, and it has been considered a prospective therapy for neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism. Here we examined the behavioral and physiological effects of interneuron transplantation in a mouse genetic model of autism. They demonstrate that transplantation rescues recipient social interaction deficits without correcting a common measure of recipient inhibition, or circuit-level physiological measures. These findings demonstrate that interneuron transplantation can exert therapeutic behavioral effects without necessarily restoring wild-type circuit states, while highlighting the potential of interneuron transplantation as an autism therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek G Southwell
- Department of Neurological Surgery,
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
| | - Helia Seifikar
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- Sloan Swartz Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, and
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Ruchi Malik
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- Sloan Swartz Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, and
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Karen Lavi
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- Sloan Swartz Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, and
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - John L Rubenstein
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Vikaas S Sohal
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences,
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- Sloan Swartz Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, and
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
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