51
|
Gilad A, Helmchen F. Spatiotemporal refinement of signal flow through association cortex during learning. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1744. [PMID: 32269226 PMCID: PMC7142160 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Association areas in neocortex encode novel stimulus-outcome relationships, but the principles of their engagement during task learning remain elusive. Using chronic wide-field calcium imaging, we reveal two phases of spatiotemporal refinement of layer 2/3 cortical activity in mice learning whisker-based texture discrimination in the dark. Even before mice reach learning threshold, association cortex-including rostro-lateral (RL), posteromedial (PM), and retrosplenial dorsal (RD) areas-is generally suppressed early during trials (between auditory start cue and whisker-texture touch). As learning proceeds, a spatiotemporal activation sequence builds up, spreading from auditory areas to RL immediately before texture touch (whereas PM and RD remain suppressed) and continuing into barrel cortex, which eventually efficiently discriminates between textures. Additional correlation analysis substantiates this diverging learning-related refinement within association cortex. Our results indicate that a pre-learning phase of general suppression in association cortex precedes a learning-related phase of task-specific signal flow enhancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Gilad
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Katona L, Hartwich K, Tomioka R, Somogyi J, Roberts JDB, Wagner K, Joshi A, Klausberger T, Rockland KS, Somogyi P. Synaptic organisation and behaviour-dependent activity of mGluR8a-innervated GABAergic trilaminar cells projecting from the hippocampus to the subiculum. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:705-734. [PMID: 32016558 PMCID: PMC7046583 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the hippocampal CA1 area, the GABAergic trilaminar cells have their axon distributed locally in three layers and also innervate the subiculum. Trilaminar cells have a high level of somato-dendritic muscarinic M2 acetylcholine receptor, lack somatostatin expression and their presynaptic inputs are enriched in mGluR8a. But the origin of their inputs and their behaviour-dependent activity remain to be characterised. Here we demonstrate that (1) GABAergic neurons with the molecular features of trilaminar cells are present in CA1 and CA3 in both rats and mice. (2) Trilaminar cells receive mGluR8a-enriched GABAergic inputs, e.g. from the medial septum, which are probably susceptible to hetero-synaptic modulation of neurotransmitter release by group III mGluRs. (3) An electron microscopic analysis identifies trilaminar cell output synapses with specialised postsynaptic densities and a strong bias towards interneurons as targets, including parvalbumin-expressing cells in the CA1 area. (4) Recordings in freely moving rats revealed the network state-dependent segregation of trilaminar cell activity, with reduced firing during movement, but substantial increase in activity with prolonged burst firing (> 200 Hz) during slow wave sleep. We predict that the behaviour-dependent temporal dynamics of trilaminar cell firing are regulated by their specialised inhibitory inputs. Trilaminar cells might support glutamatergic principal cells by disinhibition and mediate the binding of neuronal assemblies between the hippocampus and the subiculum via the transient inhibition of local interneurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Katona
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Katja Hartwich
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Ryohei Tomioka
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
- Laboratory for Cortical Organization and Systematics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Morphological Neural Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jozsef Somogyi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - J David B Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Kristina Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Abhilasha Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
- Department of Physiology, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Klausberger
- Center for Brain Research, Division of Cognitive Neurobiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathleen S Rockland
- Laboratory for Cortical Organization and Systematics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Peter Somogyi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Hattori R, Danskin B, Babic Z, Mlynaryk N, Komiyama T. Area-Specificity and Plasticity of History-Dependent Value Coding During Learning. Cell 2019; 177:1858-1872.e15. [PMID: 31080067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Decision making is often driven by the subjective value of available options, a value which is formed through experience. To support this fundamental behavior, the brain must encode and maintain the subjective value. To investigate the area specificity and plasticity of value coding, we trained mice in a value-based decision task and imaged neural activity in 6 cortical areas with cellular resolution. History- and value-related signals were widespread across areas, but their strength and temporal patterns differed. In expert mice, the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) uniquely encoded history- and value-related signals with persistent population activity patterns across trials. This unique encoding of RSC emerged during task learning with a strong increase in more distant history signals. Acute inactivation of RSC selectively impaired the reward-history-based behavioral strategy. Our results indicate that RSC flexibly changes its history coding and persistently encodes value-related signals to support adaptive behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Hattori
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Bethanny Danskin
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zeljana Babic
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicole Mlynaryk
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Takaki Komiyama
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Shepherd GM, Marenco L, Hines ML, Migliore M, McDougal RA, Carnevale NT, Newton AJH, Surles-Zeigler M, Ascoli GA. Neuron Names: A Gene- and Property-Based Name Format, With Special Reference to Cortical Neurons. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:25. [PMID: 30949034 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00025/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision in neuron names is increasingly needed. We are entering a new era in which classical anatomical criteria are only the beginning toward defining the identity of a neuron as carried in its name. New criteria include patterns of gene expression, membrane properties of channels and receptors, pharmacology of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, physiological properties of impulse firing, and state-dependent variations in expression of characteristic genes and proteins. These gene and functional properties are increasingly defining neuron types and subtypes. Clarity will therefore be enhanced by conveying as much as possible the genes and properties in the neuron name. Using a tested format of parent-child relations for the region and subregion for naming a neuron, we show how the format can be extended so that these additional properties can become an explicit part of a neuron's identity and name, or archived in a linked properties database. Based on the mouse, examples are provided for neurons in several brain regions as proof of principle, with extension to the complexities of neuron names in the cerebral cortex. The format has dual advantages, of ensuring order in archiving the hundreds of neuron types across all brain regions, as well as facilitating investigation of a given neuron type or given gene or property in the context of all its properties. In particular, we show how the format is extensible to the variety of neuron types and subtypes being revealed by RNA-seq and optogenetics. As current research reveals increasingly complex properties, the proposed approach can facilitate a consensus that goes beyond traditional neuron types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon M Shepherd
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Center for Medical Informatics, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Luis Marenco
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Center for Medical Informatics, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael L Hines
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michele Migliore
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Robert A McDougal
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Center for Medical Informatics, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Nicholas T Carnevale
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Adam J H Newton
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Monique Surles-Zeigler
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Center for Medical Informatics, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Giorgio A Ascoli
- Bioengineering Department and Center for Neural Informatics, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Shepherd GM, Marenco L, Hines ML, Migliore M, McDougal RA, Carnevale NT, Newton AJH, Surles-Zeigler M, Ascoli GA. Neuron Names: A Gene- and Property-Based Name Format, With Special Reference to Cortical Neurons. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:25. [PMID: 30949034 PMCID: PMC6437103 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision in neuron names is increasingly needed. We are entering a new era in which classical anatomical criteria are only the beginning toward defining the identity of a neuron as carried in its name. New criteria include patterns of gene expression, membrane properties of channels and receptors, pharmacology of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, physiological properties of impulse firing, and state-dependent variations in expression of characteristic genes and proteins. These gene and functional properties are increasingly defining neuron types and subtypes. Clarity will therefore be enhanced by conveying as much as possible the genes and properties in the neuron name. Using a tested format of parent-child relations for the region and subregion for naming a neuron, we show how the format can be extended so that these additional properties can become an explicit part of a neuron's identity and name, or archived in a linked properties database. Based on the mouse, examples are provided for neurons in several brain regions as proof of principle, with extension to the complexities of neuron names in the cerebral cortex. The format has dual advantages, of ensuring order in archiving the hundreds of neuron types across all brain regions, as well as facilitating investigation of a given neuron type or given gene or property in the context of all its properties. In particular, we show how the format is extensible to the variety of neuron types and subtypes being revealed by RNA-seq and optogenetics. As current research reveals increasingly complex properties, the proposed approach can facilitate a consensus that goes beyond traditional neuron types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon M. Shepherd
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Center for Medical Informatics, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Luis Marenco
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Center for Medical Informatics, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael L. Hines
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michele Migliore
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Robert A. McDougal
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Center for Medical Informatics, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Adam J. H. Newton
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Monique Surles-Zeigler
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Center for Medical Informatics, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Giorgio A. Ascoli
- Bioengineering Department and Center for Neural Informatics, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|