51
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Hasse S, Julien AS, Duchez AC, Zhao C, Boilard E, Fortin PR, Bourgoin SG. Red blood cell-derived phosphatidylserine positive extracellular vesicles are associated with past thrombotic events in patients with systemic erythematous lupus. Lupus Sci Med 2022; 9:9/1/e000605. [PMID: 35260475 PMCID: PMC8905995 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2021-000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by blood cells have proinflammation and procoagulant action. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) present high vascular inflammation and are prone to develop cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we postulated that the EV populations found in blood, including platelet EVs (PEVs) and red blood cell EVs (REVs), are associated with SLE disease activity and SLE-associated cardiovascular accidents. Method We assessed autotaxin (ATX) plasma levels by ELISA, the platelet activation markers PAC1 and CD62P, ATX bound to platelets and the amounts of plasma PEVs and REVs by flow cytometry in a cohort of 102 patients with SLE, including 29 incident cases of SLE and 30 controls. Correlation analyses explored the associations with the clinical parameters. Result Platelet activation markers were increased in patients with SLE compared with healthy control, with the marker CD62P associated with the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI). The incident cases show additional associations between platelet markers (CD62P/ATX and PAC1/CD62P) and the SLEDAI. Compared with controls, patients with SLE presented higher levels of PEVs, phosphatidylserine positive (PS+) PEVs, REVs and PS+ REVs, but there is no association with disease activity. When stratified according to the plasma level of PS+ REVs, the group of patients with SLE with a high level of PS+ REVs presented a higher number of past thrombosis events and higher ATX levels. Conclusion Incident and prevalent forms of SLE cases present similar levels of platelet activation markers, with CD62P correlating with disease activity. Though EVs are not associated with disease activity, the incidence of past thrombotic events is higher in patients with a high level of PS+ REVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hasse
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Julien
- Département de mathématiques et statistique, Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Claire Duchez
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chenqi Zhao
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et immunologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul R Fortin
- Département de Médecine, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvain G Bourgoin
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et immunologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
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Ebeyer-Masotta M, Eichhorn T, Weiss R, Semak V, Lauková L, Fischer MB, Weber V. Heparin-Functionalized Adsorbents Eliminate Central Effectors of Immunothrombosis, including Platelet Factor 4, High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein and Histones. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031823. [PMID: 35163743 PMCID: PMC8836755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and thrombosis are closely intertwined in numerous disorders, including ischemic events and sepsis, as well as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thrombotic complications are markers of disease severity in both sepsis and COVID-19 and are associated with multiorgan failure and increased mortality. Immunothrombosis is driven by the complement/tissue factor/neutrophil axis, as well as by activated platelets, which can trigger the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and release further effectors of immunothrombosis, including platelet factor 4 (PF4/CXCL4) and high-mobility box 1 protein (HMGB1). Many of the central effectors of deregulated immunothrombosis, including activated platelets and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) expressing PF4, soluble PF4, HMGB1, histones, as well as histone-decorated NETs, are positively charged and thus bind to heparin. Here, we provide evidence that adsorbents functionalized with endpoint-attached heparin efficiently deplete activated platelets, pEVs, PF4, HMGB1 and histones/nucleosomes. We propose that this elimination of central effectors of immunothrombosis, rather than direct binding of pathogens, could be of clinical relevance for mitigating thrombotic complications in sepsis or COVID-19 using heparin-functionalized adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ebeyer-Masotta
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (M.E.-M.); (T.E.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (L.L.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Tanja Eichhorn
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (M.E.-M.); (T.E.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (L.L.); (M.B.F.)
| | - René Weiss
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (M.E.-M.); (T.E.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (L.L.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Vladislav Semak
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (M.E.-M.); (T.E.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (L.L.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Lucia Lauková
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (M.E.-M.); (T.E.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (L.L.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Michael B. Fischer
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (M.E.-M.); (T.E.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (L.L.); (M.B.F.)
- Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (M.E.-M.); (T.E.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (L.L.); (M.B.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-2732-893-2601
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53
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Jing H, Zuo N, Novakovic VA, Shi J. The Central Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Mechanisms of Thrombosis in COVID-19 Patients With Cancer and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:792335. [PMID: 35096822 PMCID: PMC8790316 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.792335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients have increased SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and are prone to developing severe COVID-19 infections. The incidence of venous thrombosis is approximately 20% in COVID-19 patients with cancer. It has been suggested that thrombus formation has been suggested to correlate with severe clinical manifestations, mortality, and sequelae. In this review, we primarily elaborate on the pathophysiological mechanisms of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients with cancer, emphasize the role of microparticles (MPs) and phosphatidylserine (PS) in coagulation, and propose an antithrombotic strategy. The coagulation mechanisms of COVID-19 and cancer synergistically amplify the coagulation cascade, and collectively promotes pulmonary microvascular occlusion. During systemic coagulation, the virus activates immune cells to release abundant proinflammatory cytokines, referred to as cytokine storm, resulting in the apoptosis of tumor and blood cells and subsequent MPs release. Additionally, we highlight that tumor cells contribute to MPs and coagulation by apoptosis owing to insufficient blood supply. A positive feedback loop of cytokines storm and MPs storm promotes microvascular coagulation storm, leading to microthrombi formation and inadequate blood perfusion. Microthrombi-damaged endothelial cells (ECs), tumor, and blood cells further aggravate the apoptosis of the cells and facilitate MPs storm. PS, especially on MPs, plays a pivotal role in the blood coagulation process, contributing to clot initiation, amplification, and propagation. Since coagulation is a common pathway of COVID-19 and cancer, and associated with mortality, patients would benefit from antithrombotic therapy. The above results lead us to assert that early stage antithrombotic therapy is optimal. This strategy is likely to maintain blood flow patency contributing to viral clearance, attenuating the formation of cytokines and MPs storm, maintaining oxygen saturation, and avoiding the progress of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Jing
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Zuo
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Valerie A Novakovic
- Department of Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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54
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Hosseini NF, Dalirfardouei R, Aliramaei MR, Najafi R. Stem cells or their exosomes: which is preferred in COVID-19 treatment? Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:159-177. [PMID: 35043287 PMCID: PMC8765836 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It only took 8 months for the pneumonia caused by a previously unknown coronavirus to turn into a global pandemic of unprecedentedly far-reaching implications. Failure of the already discovered treatment measures opened up a new opportunity to evaluate the potentials of mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes in particular. Eventually, the initial success experienced after the use of MSCs in treating the new pneumonia by Lnge and his team backed up the idea of MSC-based therapies and pushed them closer to becoming a reality. However, MSC-related concerns regarding safety such as abnormal differentiation, spontaneous malignant and the formation of ectopic tissues have triggered the replacement of MSCs by their secreted exosomes. The issue has been further strengthened by the fact that the exosomes leave similar treatment impacts when compared to their parental cells. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the use of MSC-derived exosomes in the treatment of a variety of diseases. With a primary focus on COVID-19 and its current treatment methods, the present review looks into the potentials of MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes in battling the ongoing pandemic. Finally, the research will draw an analogy between exosomes and their parental cells, when it comes to the progresses and challenges in using exosomes as a large-scale treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashmin Fayazi Hosseini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Razieh Dalirfardouei
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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55
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Wang C, Yu C, Novakovic VA, Xie R, Shi J. Circulating Microparticles in the Pathogenesis and Early Anticoagulation of Thrombosis in COVID-19 With Kidney Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:784505. [PMID: 35118071 PMCID: PMC8804312 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.784505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As more is learned about the pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19, systemic thrombosis has been recognized as being associated with more severe clinical manifestations, mortality and sequelae. As many as 40% of patients admitted to the hospital due to COVID-19 have acute kidney injury, with coagulation abnormalities the main cause of impaired function. However, the mechanism of renal thrombosis and the process leading to kidney injury are unclear. Microparticles (MPs) are membrane bubbles released in response to activation, injury or apoptosis of cells. The phosphatidylserine (PS) exposed on the surface of MPs provides binding sites for endogenous and exogenous FXase complexes and prothrombin complexes, thus providing a platform for the coagulation cascade reaction and facilitating clot formation. In the context of COVID-19 infection, viral attack leads immune cells to release cytokines that damage circulating blood cells and vascular endothelial cells, resulting in increased MPs levels. Therefore, MPs can be used as a risk factor to predict renal microthrombosis and kidney injury. In this paper, we have summarized the latest data on the pathophysiological mechanism and treatment of renal thrombosis caused by MPs in COVID-19, revealing that the coagulation abnormality caused by MP and PS storms is a universal progression that aggravates the mortality and sequelae of COVID-19 and potentially other pandemic diseases. This paper also describes the risk factors affecting renal thrombosis in COVID-19 from the perspective of the Virchow’s triad: blood hypercoagulability, vascular endothelial injury, and decreased blood flow velocity. In summary, given the serious consequences of thrombosis, current guidelines and clinical studies suggest that early prophylactic anticoagulant therapy reduces mortality and improves clinical outcomes. Early anticoagulation, through inhibition of PS-mediated coagulopathy, allows maintenance of unobstructed blood circulation and oxygen delivery thereby facilitating the removal of inflammatory factors, viruses, MPs, and dead or damaged cells, and expediting patient rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyue Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengyuan Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Geriatric, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Valerie A. Novakovic
- Department of Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rujuan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Rujuan Xie, ; Jialan Shi,
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Rujuan Xie, ; Jialan Shi,
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56
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Aguiar Koga BA, Fernandes LA, Fratini P, Sogayar MC, Carreira ACO. Role of MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles in tissue repair and regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1047094. [PMID: 36935901 PMCID: PMC10014555 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1047094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial for tissue homeostasis and repair, secreting vesicles to the extracellular environment. Isolated exosomes were shown to affect angiogenesis, immunomodulation and tissue regeneration. Numerous efforts have been dedicated to describe the mechanism of action of these extracellular vesicles (EVs) and guarantee their safety, since the final aim is their therapeutic application in the clinic. The major advantage of applying MSC-derived EVs is their low or inexistent immunogenicity, prompting their use as drug delivery or therapeutic agents, as well as wound healing, different cancer types, and inflammatory processes in the neurological and cardiovascular systems. MSC-derived EVs display no vascular obstruction effects or apparent adverse effects. Their nano-size ensures their passage through the blood-brain barrier, demonstrating no cytotoxic or immunogenic effects. Several in vitro tests have been conducted with EVs obtained from different sources to understand their biology, molecular content, signaling pathways, and mechanisms of action. Application of EVs to human therapies has recently become a reality, with clinical trials being conducted to treat Alzheimer's disease, retina degeneration, and COVID-19 patients. Herein, we describe and compare the different extracellular vesicles isolation methods and therapeutic applications regarding the tissue repair and regeneration process, presenting the latest clinical trial reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Andrade Aguiar Koga
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Group (NUCEL), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Alves Fernandes
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Fratini
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Group (NUCEL), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Group (NUCEL), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira, ,
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57
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Coly PM, Loyer X. [Extracellular vesicles and cardiovascular diseases]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 37:1119-1124. [PMID: 34928215 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2021204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death globally. There is therefore a need to develop new approaches for the treatment and early detection of these ailments. In the past decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted significant attention as their role in intercellular communication has been brought to light. They have been shown to regulate pathways such as cellular inflammation or angiogenesis, and are therefore involved in key aspects of cardiovascular pathophysiology. Interestingly, EVs appear to have a multifaceted role which depends on their origin and cargo. Though at times deleterious, they have also been proposed as promising diagnostic tools and potential therapeutics. This review highlights recent advances in the role of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Michael Coly
- Université de Paris, Inserm UMR 970, Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center), 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Loyer
- Université de Paris, Inserm UMR 970, Paris-Centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center), 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015 Paris, France
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58
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Esquivel-Ruiz S, González-Rodríguez P, Lorente JA, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Herrero R, Moreno L. Extracellular Vesicles and Alveolar Epithelial-Capillary Barrier Disruption in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathophysiological Role and Therapeutic Potential. Front Physiol 2021; 12:752287. [PMID: 34887773 PMCID: PMC8650589 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.752287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication by transferring genetic material, proteins and organelles between different cells types in both health and disease. Recent evidence suggests that these vesicles, more than simply diagnostic markers, are key mediators of the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other lung diseases. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of EVs released by pulmonary structural cells (alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells) and immune cells in these diseases, with particular attention to their ability to modulate inflammation and alveolar-capillary barrier disruption, a hallmark of ARDS. EVs also offer a unique opportunity to develop new therapeutics for the treatment of ARDS. Evidences supporting the ability of stem cell-derived EVs to attenuate the lung injury and ongoing strategies to improve their therapeutic potential are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Esquivel-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma González-Rodríguez
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Lorente
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,Clinical Section, School of Medicine, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaíno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Herrero
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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59
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Yang J, Zou X, Jose PA, Zeng C. Extracellular vesicles: Potential impact on cardiovascular diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 105:49-100. [PMID: 34809830 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have received considerable attention in biological and clinical research due to their ability to mediate cell-to-cell communication. Based on their size and secretory origin, EVs are categorized as exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Increasing number of studies highlight the contribution of EVs in the regulation of a wide range of normal cellular physiological processes, including waste scavenging, cellular stress reduction, intercellular communication, immune regulation, and cellular homeostasis modulation. Altered circulating EV level, expression pattern, or content in plasma of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in diverse cardiovascular pathologies. Due to their inherent characteristics and physiological functions, EVs, in turn, have become potential candidates as therapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss the evolving understanding of the role of EVs in CVD, summarize the current knowledge of EV-mediated regulatory mechanisms, and highlight potential strategies for the diagnosis and therapy of CVD. We also attempt to look into the future that may advance our understanding of the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of CVD and provide novel insights into the field of translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Xue Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Disease & Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Heart Center of Fujian Province, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China.
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60
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Lalic-Cosic S, Dopsaj V, Kovac M, Mandic-Markovic V, Mikovic Z, Mobarrez F, Antovic A. Phosphatidylserine Exposing Extracellular Vesicles in Pre-eclamptic Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:761453. [PMID: 34805227 PMCID: PMC8595119 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.761453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pre-eclampsia (P-EC) is associated with systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulability. The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in coagulation disturbances affecting the development and severity of P-EC remains elusive. We aimed to evaluate the concentration of EVs expressing phosphatidylserine (PS) and specific markers in relation to the thrombin and fibrin formation as well as fibrin clot properties, in pregnant women with P-EC in comparison to healthy pregnant women of similar gestational age. Methods: Blood samples of 30 pregnant women diagnosed with P-EC were collected on the morning following admission to hospital and after delivery (mean duration 5 days). The concentration of the PS-exposing EVs (PS+ EVs) from platelets (CD42a+, endothelial cells (CD62E+), and PS+ EVs expressing tissue factor (TF) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) were measured by flow cytometry. Further phenotyping of EVs also included expression of PlGF. Markers of maternal haemostasis were correlated with EVs concentration in plasma. Results: Preeclamptic pregnancy was associated with significantly higher plasma levels of PS+ CD42a+ EVs and PS+ VCAM-1+ EVs in comparison with normotensive pregnancy. P-EC patients after delivery had markedly elevated concentration of PS+ CD42a+ EVs, CD62E+ EVs, TF+ EVs, and VCAM-1+ EVs compared to those before delivery. Inverse correlation was observed between EVs concentrations (PS+, PS+ TF+, and PlGF+) and parameters of overall haemostatic potential (OHP) and fibrin formation, while PS+ VCAM-1+ EVs directly correlated with FVIII activity in plasma. Conclusion: Increased levels of PS+ EVs subpopulations in P-EC and their association with global haemostatic parameters, as well as with fibrin clot properties may suggest EVs involvement in intravascular fibrin deposition leading to subsequent microcirculation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Lalic-Cosic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Violeta Dopsaj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Kovac
- Haemostasis Department, Blood Transfusion Institute of Serbia and Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Mandic-Markovic
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinic "Narodni Front", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zeljko Mikovic
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinic "Narodni Front", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Aleksandra Antovic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska Institutet and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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61
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Moreira R, Mendonça LS, Pereira de Almeida L. Extracellular Vesicles Physiological Role and the Particular Case of Disease-Spreading Mechanisms in Polyglutamine Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212288. [PMID: 34830171 PMCID: PMC8621536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research demonstrated pathological spreading of the disease-causing proteins from one focal point across other brain regions for some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Spreading mediated by extracellular vesicles is one of the proposed disease-spreading mechanisms. Extracellular vesicles are cell membrane-derived vesicles, used by cells for cell-to-cell communication and excretion of toxic components. Importantly, extracellular vesicles carrying pathological molecules, when internalized by "healthy" cells, may trigger pathological pathways and, consequently, promote disease spreading to neighboring cells. Polyglutamine diseases are a group of genetic neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of mutant misfolded proteins carrying an expanded tract of glutamines, including Huntington's and Machado-Joseph disease. The pathological spread of the misfolded proteins or the corresponding mutant mRNA has been explored. The understanding of the disease-spreading mechanism that plays a key role in the pathology progression of these diseases can result in the development of effective therapeutic approaches to stop disease progression, arresting the spread of the toxic components and disease aggravation. Therefore, the present review's main focus is the disease-spreading mechanisms with emphasis on polyglutamine diseases and the putative role played by extracellular vesicles in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana S. Mendonça
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.S.M.); (L.P.d.A.); Tel.: +351-239-820-190 (L.S.M.)
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.S.M.); (L.P.d.A.); Tel.: +351-239-820-190 (L.S.M.)
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Lin H, Chen H, Qi B, Jiang Y, Lian N, Zhuang X, Yu Y. Brain-derived extracellular vesicles mediated coagulopathy, inflammation and apoptosis after sepsis. Thromb Res 2021; 207:85-95. [PMID: 34583153 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The activation of coagulation, inflammation and other pathways is the basic response of the host to infection in sepsis, but this response also causes damage to the host. Brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BDEVs) have been reported to cause a hypercoagulable state that can rapidly develop into consumptive coagulopathy, which is consistent with the pathophysiological process of sepsis-induced coagulopathy. However, the role of BDEVs in sepsis-induced coagulopathy remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used for sepsis modeling using cecal ligation puncture (CLP). Flow cytometry was used to measure the levels of circulating BDEVs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), thrombin-antithrombin (TAT), D-dimer, fibrinogen(Fib), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to identify BDEVs. Western blot (WB) was used to determine the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), bax, bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were performed to detect tissue injury. Survival was monitored over the course of 168 h. RESULTS We found that a large number of BDEVs were released into the circulating blood in septic rats. Moreover, we observed that BDEVs injection activated the systemic coagulation reaction and induced lung, liver and kidney inflammation and apoptosis(P < .05). Compared with BDEVs from sham-operated rats, BDEVs from septic rats exacerbated this process(P < .05). CONCLUSIONS This finding suggests that inhibiting BDEVs may yield therapeutic benefits in the treatment of sepsis-induced coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Lin
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hongguang Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Bo Qi
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Naqi Lian
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhuang
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Muravlev IA, Antonova OA, Golubeva NV, Mazurov AV. Platelets activated by different agonists produce microparticles with the same procoagulant properties. Thromb Res 2021; 207:123-125. [PMID: 34624671 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A Muravlev
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Antonova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Russian Federation
| | - Nina V Golubeva
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey V Mazurov
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Russian Federation.
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Hu Y, Thaler J, Nieuwland R. Extracellular Vesicles in Human Milk. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1050. [PMID: 34681274 PMCID: PMC8539554 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk supports the growth and development of infants. An increasing number of mostly recent studies have demonstrated that milk contains a hitherto undescribed component called extracellular vesicles (EVs). This presents questions regarding why milk contains EVs and what their function is. Recently, we showed that EVs in human milk expose tissue factor, the protein that triggers coagulation or blood clotting, and that milk-derived EVs promote coagulation. Because bovine milk, which also contains EVs, completely lacks this coagulant activity, important differences are present in the biological functions of human milk-derived EVs between species. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge regarding the presence and biochemical composition of milk EVs, their function(s) and potential clinical applications such as in probiotics, and the unique problems that milk EVs encounter in vivo, including survival of the gastrointestinal conditions encountered in the newborn. The main focus of this review will be human milk-derived EVs, but when available, we will also include information regarding non-human milk for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry and Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Thaler
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry and Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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A possible role of gas-phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis (nES GEMMA) in extracellular vesicle research. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7341-7352. [PMID: 34622320 PMCID: PMC8626398 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The emerging role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as biomarkers and their envisioned therapeutic use require advanced techniques for their detailed characterization. In this context, we investigated gas-phase electrophoresis on a nano electrospray gas-phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analyzer (nES GEMMA, aka nES differential mobility analyzer, nES DMA) as an alternative to standard analytical techniques. In gas-phase electrophoresis, single-charged, surface-dry, native, polydisperse, and aerosolized analytes, e.g., proteins or bio-nanoparticles, are separated according to their electrophoretic mobility diameter, i.e., globular size. Subsequently, monodisperse particles are counted after a nucleation step in a supersaturated atmosphere as they pass a focused laser beam. Hence, particle number concentrations are obtained in accordance with recommendations of the European Commission for nanoparticle characterization (2011/696/EU from October 18th, 2011). Smaller sample constituents (e.g., co-purified proteins) can be detected next to larger ones (e.g., vesicles). Focusing on platelet-derived EVs, we compared different vesicle isolation techniques. In all cases, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) confirmed the presence of vesicles. However, nES GEMMA often revealed a significant co-purification of proteins from the sample matrix, precluding gas-phase electrophoresis of less-diluted samples containing higher vesicle concentrations. Therefore, mainly peaks in the protein size range were detected. Mass spectrometry revealed that these main contaminants belonged to the group of globulins and coagulation-related components. An additional size exclusion chromatography (SEC) step enabled the depletion of co-purified, proteinaceous matrix components, while a label-free quantitative proteomics approach revealed no significant differences in the detected EV core proteome. Hence, the future in-depth analysis of EVs via gas-phase electrophoresis appears feasible.
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Characterization and Therapeutic Use of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189701. [PMID: 34575865 PMCID: PMC8468534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous blood products, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), are gaining increasing interest in different fields of regenerative medicine. Although growth factors, the main components of PRP, are thought to stimulate reparation processes, the exact mechanism of action and main effectors of PRP are not fully understood. Plasma contains a high amount of extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by different cells, including anucleated platelets. Platelet-derived EVs (PL-EVs) are the most abundant type of EVs in circulation. Numerous advantages of PL-EVs, including their ability to be released locally, their ease of travel through the body, their low immunogenicity and tumourigenicity, the modulation of signal transduction as well as the ease with which they can be obtained, has attracted increased attention n. This review focuses briefly on the biological characteristics and isolation methods of PL-EVs, including exosomes derived from platelets (PL-EXOs), and their involvement in the pathology of diseases. Evidence that shows how PL-EVs can be used as a novel tool in medicine, particularly in therapeutic and regenerative medicine, is also discussed in this review.
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane particles released by most cell types in response to different stimuli. They are composed of a lipid bilayer that encloses a wide range of bioactive material, including proteins and nucleic acids. EVs have garnered increasing attention over recent years, as their role in intercellular communication has been brought to light. As such, they have been found to regulate pathophysiologic pathways like inflammation, angiogenesis, or senescence, and are therefore implicated in key aspects atherosclerosis initiation and progression. Interestingly, EVs appear to have a multifaceted role; depending on their cargo, they can either facilitate or hamper the development of atherosclerotic lesions. In this review, we examine how EVs of varying origins may be implicated in the different phases of atherosclerotic lesion development. We also discuss the need to standardize isolation and analysis procedures to fully fulfil their potential as biomarkers and therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases.
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Ke W, Afonin KA. Exosomes as natural delivery carriers for programmable therapeutic nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs). Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113835. [PMID: 34144087 PMCID: PMC8440450 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With recent advances in nanotechnology and therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs), various nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) have demonstrated great promise in diagnostics and therapeutics. However, the full realization of NANPs' potential necessitates the development of a safe, efficient, biocompatible, stable, tissue-specific, and non-immunogenic delivery system. Exosomes, the smallest extracellular vesicles and an endogenous source of nanocarriers, offer these advantages while avoiding complications associated with manufactured agents. The lipid membranes of exosomes surround a hydrophilic core, allowing for the simultaneous incorporation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, nucleic acids, and proteins. Additional capabilities for post-isolation exosome surface modifications with imaging agents, targeting ligands, and covalent linkages also pave the way for their diverse biomedical applications. This review focuses on exosomes: their biogenesis, intracellular trafficking, transportation capacities, and applications with emphasis on the delivery of TNAs and programmable NANPs. We also highlight some of the current challenges and discuss opportunities related to the development of therapeutic exosome-based formulations and their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Ke
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
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Zifkos K, Dubois C, Schäfer K. Extracellular Vesicles and Thrombosis: Update on the Clinical and Experimental Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179317. [PMID: 34502228 PMCID: PMC8431093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) compose a heterogenous group of membrane-derived particles, including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, which are released into the extracellular environment in response to proinflammatory or proapoptotic stimuli. From earlier studies suggesting that EV shedding constitutes a cellular clearance mechanism, it has become evident that EV formation, secretion and uptake represent important mechanisms of intercellular communication and exchange of a wide variety of molecules, with relevance in both physiological and pathological situations. The putative role of EVs in hemostasis and thrombosis is supported by clinical and experimental studies unraveling how these cell-derived structures affect clot formation (and resolution). From those studies, it has become clear that the prothrombotic effects of EVs are not restricted to the exposure of tissue factor (TF) and phosphatidylserines (PS), but also involve multiplication of procoagulant surfaces, cross-linking of different cellular players at the site of injury and transfer of activation signals to other cell types. Here, we summarize the existing and novel clinical and experimental evidence on the role and function of EVs during arterial and venous thrombus formation and how they may be used as biomarkers as well as therapeutic vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Zifkos
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Christophe Dubois
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM 1263, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) 1260, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), F-13380 Marseille, France;
| | - Katrin Schäfer
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Burgelman M, Vandendriessche C, Vandenbroucke RE. Extracellular Vesicles: A Double-Edged Sword in Sepsis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080829. [PMID: 34451925 PMCID: PMC8399948 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to an infection. Several studies on mouse and patient sepsis samples have revealed that the level of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the blood is altered compared to healthy controls, but the different functions of EVs during sepsis pathology are not yet completely understood. Sepsis EVs are described as modulators of inflammation, lymphocyte apoptosis, coagulation and organ dysfunction. Furthermore, EVs can influence clinical outcome and it is suggested that EVs can predict survival. Both detrimental and beneficial roles for EVs have been described in sepsis, depending on the EV cellular source and the disease phase during which the EVs are studied. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of EV sources and functions during sepsis pathology based on in vitro and mouse models, as well as patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Burgelman
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.B.); (C.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.B.); (C.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.B.); (C.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-3313730
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Yang N, Zhao Y, Wu X, Zhang N, Song H, Wei W, Liu ML. Recent advances in Extracellular Vesicles and their involvements in vasculitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:203-218. [PMID: 33951487 PMCID: PMC9107955 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Systemic vasculitis is a heterogeneous group of multisystem autoimmune disorders characterized by inflammation of blood vessels. Although many progresses in diagnosis and immunotherapies have been achieved over the past decades, there are still many unanswered questions about vasculitis from pathological understanding to more advanced therapies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are double-layer phospholipid membrane vesicles harboring various cargoes. EVs can be classified into exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies depending on their size and origin of cellular compartment. EVs can be released by almost all cell types and may be involved in physical and pathological processes including inflammation and autoimmune responses. In systemic vasculitis, EVs may have pathogenic involvement in inflammation, autoimmune responses, thrombosis, endothelium injury, angiogenesis and intimal hyperplasia. EV-associated redox reaction may also be involved in vasculitis pathogenesis by inducing inflammation, endothelial injury and thrombosis. Additionally, EVs may serve as specific biomarkers for diagnosis or monitoring of disease activity and therapeutic efficacy, i.e. AAV-associated renal involvement. In this review, we have discussed the recent advances of EVs, especially their roles in pathogenesis and clinical involvements in vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Xiuhua Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Haoming Song
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China.
| | - Ming-Lin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center (Philadelphia), Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Burgos-Ravanal R, Campos A, Díaz-Vesga MC, González MF, León D, Lobos-González L, Leyton L, Kogan MJ, Quest AFG. Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Cancer Disease and as Nanosystems in Theranostic Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3324. [PMID: 34283059 PMCID: PMC8268753 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide despite decades of intense efforts to understand the molecular underpinnings of the disease. To date, much of the focus in research has been on the cancer cells themselves and how they acquire specific traits during disease development and progression. However, these cells are known to secrete large numbers of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are now becoming recognized as key players in cancer. EVs contain a large number of different molecules, including but not limited to proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs, and they are actively secreted by many different cell types. In the last two decades, a considerable body of evidence has become available indicating that EVs play a very active role in cell communication. Cancer cells are heterogeneous, and recent evidence reveals that cancer cell-derived EV cargos can change the behavior of target cells. For instance, more aggressive cancer cells can transfer their "traits" to less aggressive cancer cells and convert them into more malignant tumor cells or, alternatively, eliminate those cells in a process referred to as "cell competition". This review discusses how EVs participate in the multistep acquisition of specific traits developed by tumor cells, which are referred to as "the hallmarks of cancer" defined by Hanahan and Weinberg. Moreover, as will be discussed, EVs play an important role in drug resistance, and these more recent advances may explain, at least in part, why pharmacological therapies are often ineffective. Finally, we discuss literature proposing the use of EVs for therapeutic and prognostic purposes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Burgos-Ravanal
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - América Campos
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Magda C. Díaz-Vesga
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Clínicas de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali, Cali 760008, Colombia
| | - María Fernanda González
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Daniela León
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo-Clínica Alemana, Santiago 7590943, Chile;
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Marcelo J. Kogan
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Andrew F. G. Quest
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
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Kronstadt SM, Pottash AE, Levy D, Wang S, Chao W, Jay SM. Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles for Sepsis Treatment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2000259. [PMID: 34423113 PMCID: PMC8378673 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a deadly condition lacking a specific treatment despite decades of research. This has prompted the exploration of new approaches, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerging as a focal area. EVs are nanosized, cell-derived particles that transport bioactive components (i.e., proteins, DNA, and RNA) between cells, enabling both normal physiological functions and disease progression depending on context. In particular, EVs have been identified as critical mediators of sepsis pathophysiology. However, EVs are also thought to constitute the biologically active component of cell-based therapies and have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects in sepsis models. The dual nature of EVs in sepsis is explored here, discussing their endogenous roles and highlighting their therapeutic properties and potential. Related to the latter component, prior studies involving EVs from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and other sources are discussed and emerging producer cells that could play important roles in future EV-based sepsis therapies are identified. Further, how methodologies could impact therapeutic development toward sepsis treatment to enhance and control EV potency is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Kronstadt
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alex E Pottash
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sheng Wang
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wei Chao
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Steven M Jay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering and Program in Molecular and, Cell Biology, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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74
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Rock G, Weber V, Stegmayr B. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) as a plausible rescue therapy in severe vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 60:103174. [PMID: 34088601 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is associated with high titers of immunoglobulin G class antibodies directed against the cationic platelet chemokine platelet factor 4 (PF4). These antibodies activate platelets via FcγIIa receptors. VITT closely resembles heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Inflammation and tissue trauma substantially increase the risk for forming pathogenic PF4 antibodies. We therefore propose the use of therapeutic plasma exchange as rescue therapy in VITT to deplete antibodies plus factors promoting inflammation such as excess cytokines in the circulation as well as extracellular vesicles derived from activated platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Rock
- Canadian Apheresis Group, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center for Biomedical Technology, Danube University, Krems, Austria.
| | - Bernd Stegmayr
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden.
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75
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Blanch-Ruiz MA, Ortega-Luna R, Martínez-Cuesta MÁ, Álvarez Á. The Neutrophil Secretome as a Crucial Link between Inflammation and Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4170. [PMID: 33920656 PMCID: PMC8073391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death. Blood-cell interactions and endothelial dysfunction are fundamental in thrombus formation, and so further knowledge of the pathways involved in such cellular crosstalk could lead to new therapeutical approaches. Neutrophils are secretory cells that release well-known soluble inflammatory signaling mediators and other complex cellular structures whose role is not fully understood. Studies have reported that neutrophil extracellular vesicles (EVs) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to thrombosis. The objective of this review is to study the role of EVs and NETs as key factors in the transition from inflammation to thrombosis. The neutrophil secretome can promote thrombosis due to the presence of different factors in the EVs bilayer that can trigger blood clotting, and to the release of soluble mediators that induce platelet activation or aggregation. On the other hand, one of the main pathways by which NETs induce thrombosis is through the creation of a scaffold to which platelets and other blood cells adhere. In this context, platelet activation has been associated with the induction of NETs release. Hence, the structure and composition of EVs and NETs, as well as the feedback mechanism between the two processes that causes pathological thrombus formation, require exhaustive analysis to clarify their role in thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Amparo Blanch-Ruiz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.B.-R.); (R.O.-L.)
| | - Raquel Ortega-Luna
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.B.-R.); (R.O.-L.)
| | - María Ángeles Martínez-Cuesta
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.B.-R.); (R.O.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángeles Álvarez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.A.B.-R.); (R.O.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 46010 Valencia, Spain
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76
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George SK, Lauková L, Weiss R, Semak V, Fendl B, Weiss VU, Steinberger S, Allmaier G, Tripisciano C, Weber V. Comparative Analysis of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Using Flow Cytometry and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083839. [PMID: 33917210 PMCID: PMC8068037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) has prompted the advancements of protocols for improved EV characterization. As a high-throughput, multi-parameter, and single particle technique, flow cytometry is widely used for EV characterization. The comparison of data on EV concentration, however, is hindered by the lack of standardization between different protocols and instruments. Here, we quantified EV counts of platelet-derived EVs, using two flow cytometers (Gallios and CytoFLEX LX) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Phosphatidylserine-exposing EVs were identified by labelling with lactadherin (LA). Calibration with silica-based fluorescent beads showed detection limits of 300 nm and 150 nm for Gallios and CytoFLEX LX, respectively. Accordingly, CytoFLEX LX yielded 40-fold higher EV counts and 13-fold higher counts of LA+CD41+ EVs compared to Gallios. NTA in fluorescence mode (F-NTA) demonstrated that only 9.5% of all vesicles detected in scatter mode exposed phosphatidylserine, resulting in good agreement of LA+ EVs for CytoFLEX LX and F-NTA. Since certain functional characteristics, such as the exposure of pro-coagulant phosphatidylserine, are not equally displayed across the entire EV size range, our study highlights the necessity of indicating the size range of EVs detected with a given approach along with the EV concentration to support the comparability between different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobha Karuthedom George
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (S.K.G.); (L.L.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (B.F.); (C.T.)
| | - Lucia Lauková
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (S.K.G.); (L.L.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (B.F.); (C.T.)
| | - René Weiss
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (S.K.G.); (L.L.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (B.F.); (C.T.)
| | - Vladislav Semak
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (S.K.G.); (L.L.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (B.F.); (C.T.)
| | - Birgit Fendl
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (S.K.G.); (L.L.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (B.F.); (C.T.)
| | - Victor U. Weiss
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (V.U.W.); (S.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Stephanie Steinberger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (V.U.W.); (S.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Günter Allmaier
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (V.U.W.); (S.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Carla Tripisciano
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (S.K.G.); (L.L.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (B.F.); (C.T.)
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (S.K.G.); (L.L.); (R.W.); (V.S.); (B.F.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-2732-893-2632
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77
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Otahal A, Kuten-Pella O, Kramer K, Neubauer M, Lacza Z, Nehrer S, De Luna A. Functional repertoire of EV-associated miRNA profiles after lipoprotein depletion via ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography from autologous blood products. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5823. [PMID: 33712660 PMCID: PMC7955123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage breakdown, inflammation and pain are hallmark symptoms of osteoarthritis, and autologous blood products such as citrate-anticoagulated platelet-rich plasma (CPRP) or hyperacute serum (hypACT) have been developed as a regenerative approach to rebuild cartilage, inhibit inflammation and reduce pain. However, mechanisms of action of these blood derivatives are still not fully understood, in part due to the large number of components present in these medical products. In addition, the discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their involvement in intercellular communication mediated by cargo molecules like microRNAs (miRNAs) opened up a whole new level of complexity in understanding blood products. In this study we focused on the development of an isolation protocol for EVs from CPRP and hypACT that can also deplete lipoproteins, which are often co-isolated in EV research due to shared physical properties. Several isolation methods were compared in terms of particle yield from CPRP and hypACT. To gain insights into the functional repertoire conveyed via EV-associated miRNAs, we performed functional enrichment analysis and identified NFκB signaling strongly targeted by CPRP EV miRNAs, whereas hypACT EV miRNAs affect IL6- and TGFβ/SMAD signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Otahal
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | | | - Karina Kramer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Markus Neubauer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Zsombor Lacza
- Department of Sports Physiology, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefan Nehrer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Andrea De Luna
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria.
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78
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Hernández-Barranco A, Nogués L, Peinado H. Could Extracellular Vesicles Contribute to Generation or Awakening of "Sleepy" Metastatic Niches? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:625221. [PMID: 33738282 PMCID: PMC7960773 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.625221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-metastatic niches provide favorable conditions for tumor cells to disseminate, home to and grow in otherwise unfamiliar and distal microenvironments. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles are now recognized as carriers of key messengers secreted by primary tumors, signals that induce the formation of pre-metastatic niches. Recent evidence suggests that tumor cells can disseminate from the very earliest stages of primary tumor development. However, once they reach distal sites, tumor cells can persist in a dormant state for long periods of time until their growth is reactivated and they produce metastatic lesions. In this new scenario, the question arises as to whether extracellular vesicles could influence the formation of these metastatic niches with dormant tumor cells? (here defined as "sleepy niches"). If so, what are the molecular mechanisms involved? In this perspective-review article, we discuss the possible influence of extracellular vesicles in early metastatic dissemination and whether they might play a role in tumor cell dormancy. In addition, we comment whether extracellular vesicle-mediated signals may be involved in tumor cell awakening, considering the possibility that extracellular vesicles might serve as biomarkers to detect early metastasis and/or minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernández-Barranco
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Nogués
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Peinado
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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79
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Hohensinner PJ, Mayer J, Kichbacher J, Kral-Pointner J, Thaler B, Kaun C, Hell L, Haider P, Mussbacher M, Schmid JA, Stojkovic S, Demyanets S, Fischer MB, Huber K, Wöran K, Hengstenberg C, Speidl WS, Oehler R, Pabinger I, Wojta J. Alternative activation of human macrophages enhances tissue factor expression and production of extracellular vesicles. Haematologica 2021; 106:454-463. [PMID: 31974204 PMCID: PMC7849567 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.220210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are versatile cells that can be polarized by the tissue environment to fulfill required needs. Proinflammatory polarization is associated with increased tissue degradation and propagation of inflammation whereas alternative polarization within a Th2 cytokine environment is associated with wound healing and angiogenesis. To understand whether polarization of macrophages can lead to a procoagulant macrophage subset we polarized human monocyte-derived macrophages to proinflammatory and alternative activation states. Alternative polarization with interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 led to a macrophage phenotype characterized by increased tissue factor (TF) production and release and by an increase in extracellular vesicle production. In addition, TF activity was enhanced in extracellular vesicles of alternatively polarized macrophages. This TF induction was dependent on signal transducer and activator of transcription- 6 signaling and poly ADP ribose polymerase activity. In contrast to monocytes, human macrophages did not show increased TF expression upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ. Previous polarization to either a proinflammatory or an alternative activation subset did not change the subsequent stimulation of TF. The inability of proinflammatory activated macrophages to respond to lipopolysaccharide and interferon- γ with an increase in TF production seemed to be due to an increase in TF promoter methylation and was reversible when these macrophages were treated with a demethylating agent. In conclusion, we provide evidence that proinflammatory polarization of macrophages does not lead to enhanced procoagulatory function, whereas alternative polarization of macrophages leads to an increased expression of TF and increased production of TF-bearing extracellular vesicles by these cells suggesting a procoagulatory phenotype of alternatively polarized macrophages.
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80
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Mechanisms and biomarkers of cancer-associated thrombosis. Transl Res 2020; 225:33-53. [PMID: 32645431 PMCID: PMC8020882 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated thrombosis is a leading cause of non-cancer death in cancer patients and is comprised of both arterial and venous thromboembolism (VTE). There are multiple risk factors for developing VTE, including cancer type, stage, treatment, and other medical comorbidities, which suggests that the etiology of thrombosis is multifactorial. While cancer-associated thrombosis can be treated with anticoagulation, benefits of therapy must be balanced with the increased bleeding risks seen in patients with cancer. Although risk models exist for primary and recurrent VTE, additional predictors are needed to improve model performance and discrimination of high-risk patients. This review will outline the diverse mechanisms driving thrombosis in cancer patients, as well as provide an overview of biomarkers studied in thrombosis risk and important considerations when selecting candidate biomarkers.
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81
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Bar-Sela G, Cohen I, Avisar A, Loven D, Aharon A. Circulating blood extracellular vesicles as a tool to assess endothelial injury and chemotherapy toxicity in adjuvant cancer patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240994. [PMID: 33108394 PMCID: PMC7591065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are subcellular membrane blebs that include exosomes and microparticles, which represent a potential source for cancer biomarker discovery. We assess EVs characteristics as a tool to evaluate the endothelial and anti-tumor treatment injury during adjuvant chemotherapy in breast (BC) and colon cancer (CC) patients. Blood samples were taken from 29 BC and 25 CC patients before and after chemotherapy, as well as from healthy control donors (HC). Circulating blood EVs were isolated and characterized by size/concentration, membrane antigens for cell origin, thrombogenicity, and protein content. We observed higher EVs concentration and particle size in CC patients after chemotherapy compared with HC. Higher levels of endothelial EVs (CD144-positive) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), apparently as an indication of endothelial dysfunction, were found in all cancer patients, regardless of a given treatment, compared to HC. Levels of EVs labeled CD62E, CD34+41-, the lymphocyte markers CD11+ and CD-14+, Annexin-V, and the coagulation proteins TF and TFPI, however, sometimes demonstrate significant differences between patients, although HC did not show significant differences between patients pre- and post-chemotherapy. Most importantly, increasing levels of EVs encapsulated Angiostatin were found in patients with CC, while chemotherapy treatment leads to its notable rise in circulating blood EVs. Our results demonstrate the potential of EVs encapsulated Angiostatin as a tool to evaluate endothelial damage during adjuvant chemotherapy in BC and CC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Bar-Sela
- Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Cancer Center, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Idan Cohen
- Cancer Center, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | - David Loven
- Cancer Center, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Anat Aharon
- Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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82
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Ferreira PM, Bozbas E, Tannetta SD, Alroqaiba N, Zhou R, Crawley JTB, Gibbins JM, Jones CI, Ahnström J, Yaqoob P. Mode of induction of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles is a critical determinant of their phenotype and function. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18061. [PMID: 33093473 PMCID: PMC7582134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are the most abundant amongst all types of EVs in the circulation. However, the mechanisms leading to PDEVs release, their role in coagulation and phenotypic composition are poorly understood. PDEVs from washed platelets were generated using different stimuli and were characterised using nanoparticle tracking analysis. Procoagulant properties were evaluated by fluorescence flow cytometry and calibrated automated thrombography. EVs from plasma were isolated and concentrated using a novel protocol involving a combination of size exclusion chromatography and differential centrifugation, which produces pure and concentrated EVs. Agonist stimulation enhanced PDEV release, but did not alter the average size of EVs compared to those produced by unstimulated platelets. Agonist stimulation led to lower negatively-charged phospholipid externalization in PDEVs, which was reflected in the lower procoagulant activity compared to those generated without agonist stimulation. Circulating EVs did not have externalized negatively-charged phospholipids. None of the 4 types of EVs presented tissue factor. The mechanism by which PDEV formation is induced is a critical determinant of its phenotype and function. Importantly, we have developed methods to obtain clean, concentrated and functional EVs derived from platelet-free plasma and washed platelets, which can be used to provide novel insight into their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Ferreira
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - E Bozbas
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - S D Tannetta
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - N Alroqaiba
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - R Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - J T B Crawley
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J M Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - C I Jones
- Institute for Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - J Ahnström
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P Yaqoob
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
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83
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Rosas M, Slatter DA, Obaji SG, Webber JP, Alvarez-Jarreta J, Thomas CP, Aldrovandi M, Tyrrell VJ, Jenkins PV, O’Donnell VB, Collins PW. The procoagulant activity of tissue factor expressed on fibroblasts is increased by tissue factor-negative extracellular vesicles. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240189. [PMID: 33031441 PMCID: PMC7544082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is critical for the activation of blood coagulation. TF function is regulated by the amount of externalised phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on the surface of the cell in which it is expressed. We investigated the role PS and PE in fibroblast TF function. Fibroblasts expressed 6-9 x 104 TF molecules/cell but had low specific activity for FXa generation. We confirmed that this was associated with minimal externalized PS and PE and characterised for the first time the molecular species of PS/PE demonstrating that these differed from those found in platelets. Mechanical damage of fibroblasts, used to simulate vascular injury, increased externalized PS/PE and led to a 7-fold increase in FXa generation that was inhibited by annexin V and an anti-TF antibody. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), that did not express TF, supported minimal FVIIa-dependent FXa generation but substantially increased fibroblast TF activity. This enhancement in fibroblast TF activity could also be achieved using synthetic liposomes comprising 10% PS without TF. In conclusion, despite high levels of surface TF expression, healthy fibroblasts express low levels of external-facing PS and PE limiting their ability to generate FXa. Addition of platelet-derived TF-negative EVs or artificial liposomes enhanced fibroblast TF activity in a PS dependent manner. These findings contribute information about the mechanisms that control TF function in the fibroblast membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Rosas
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Slatter
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Samya G. Obaji
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jason P. Webber
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Alvarez-Jarreta
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P. Thomas
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Maceler Aldrovandi
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria J. Tyrrell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter V. Jenkins
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie B. O’Donnell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W. Collins
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, and Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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84
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Otahal A, Kramer K, Kuten-Pella O, Weiss R, Stotter C, Lacza Z, Weber V, Nehrer S, De Luna A. Characterization and Chondroprotective Effects of Extracellular Vesicles From Plasma- and Serum-Based Autologous Blood-Derived Products for Osteoarthritis Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:584050. [PMID: 33102466 PMCID: PMC7546339 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.584050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous blood products gain increasing interest in the field of regenerative medicine as well as in orthopedics, aesthetic surgery, and cosmetics. Currently, citrate-anticoagulated platelet-rich plasma (CPRP) preparations are often applied in osteoarthritis (OA), but more physiological and cell-free alternatives such as hyperacute serum (hypACT) are under development. Besides growth factors, blood products also bring along extracellular vesicles (EVs) packed with signal molecules, which open up a new level of complexity at evaluating the functional spectrum of blood products. Large proportions of EVs originated from platelets in CPRP and hypACT, whereas very low erythrocyte and monocyte-derived EVs were detected via flow cytometry. EV treatment of chondrocytes enhanced the expression of anabolic markers type II collagen, SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), and aggrecan compared to full blood products, but also the catabolic marker and tissue remodeling factor matrix metalloproteinase 3, whereas hypACT EVs prevented type I collagen expression. CPRP blood product increased SOX9 protein expression, in contrast to hypACT blood product. However, hypACT EVs induced SOX9 protein expression while preventing interleukin-6 secretion. The results indicate that blood EVs are sufficient to induce chondrogenic gene expression changes in OA chondrocytes, while preventing proinflammatory cytokine release compared to full blood product. This highlights the potential of autologous blood-derived EVs as regulators of cartilage extracellular matrix metabolism and inflammation, as well as candidates for new cell-free therapeutic approaches for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Otahal
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Karina Kramer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Olga Kuten-Pella
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria.,OrthoSera GmbH, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - René Weiss
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Christoph Stotter
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Zsombor Lacza
- Deptartment Sports Physiology, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Stefan Nehrer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Andrea De Luna
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
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85
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Bergen K, Mobarrez F, Jörneskog G, Wallén H, Tehrani S. High levels of endothelial and platelet microvesicles in patients with type 1 diabetes irrespective of microvascular complications. Thromb Res 2020; 196:78-86. [PMID: 32853980 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with type 1 diabetes have high risk of developing microvascular complications, and microangiopathy contributes to premature cardiovascular disease in this population. The role that microvesicles (MVs) may play in the development of microangiopathy in type 1 diabetes remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma levels of endothelial MVs (EMVs) and platelet MVs (PMVs) in 130 patients with type 1 diabetes without microangiopathy, 106 patients with microangiopathy and 100 matched healthy controls were analyzed using flow cytometry. MV expression of procoagulant phosphatidylserine (PS) and proinflammatory high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) was also assessed. RESULTS Patients with type 1 diabetes had markedly elevated levels of EMVs and PS+ EMVs as well as PMVs and PS+ PMVs compared to healthy controls (p < .001 for all). Furthermore, HMGB1+ EMVs and HMGB1+ PMVs were significantly increased in patients (p < .001 for all). After adjusting for potential confounders, there were no clear differences between patients with or without microvascular complications for any of the MV parameters. CONCLUSION Type 1 diabetes is a prothrombotic and proinflammatory disease state that, regardless of the presence of clinical microangiopathy, is associated with elevated levels of plasma MVs, in particular those of an endothelial origin. We have for the first time demonstrated that patients with type 1 diabetes have higher levels of HMGB1+ MVs. HMGB1 is an alarmin with potent proinflammatory effects that drive endothelial dysfunction, and it would therefore be of interest to further study the role of HMGB1+ MVs in the development of macrovascular complications in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Bergen
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Nephrology, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Gun Jörneskog
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Internal Medicine, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wallén
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Tehrani
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Internal Medicine, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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86
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Menck K, Sivaloganathan S, Bleckmann A, Binder C. Microvesicles in Cancer: Small Size, Large Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5373. [PMID: 32731639 PMCID: PMC7432491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are secreted by all cell types in a tumor and its microenvironment (TME), playing an essential role in intercellular communication and the establishment of a TME favorable for tumor invasion and metastasis. They encompass a variety of vesicle populations, among them the well-known endosomal-derived small exosomes (Exo), but also larger vesicles (diameter > 100 nm) that are shed directly from the plasma membrane, the so-called microvesicles (MV). Increasing evidence suggests that MV, although biologically different, share the tumor-promoting features of Exo in the TME. Due to their larger size, they can be readily harvested from patients' blood and characterized by routine methods such as conventional flow cytometry, exploiting the plethora of molecules expressed on their surface. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the biology and the composition of MV, as well as their role within the TME. We highlight not only the challenges and potential of MV as novel biomarkers for cancer, but also discuss their possible use for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Menck
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.M.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Suganja Sivaloganathan
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.M.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.M.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Binder
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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87
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Lipets EN, Antonova OA, Shustova ON, Losenkova KV, Mazurov AV, Ataullakhanov FI. Use of Thrombodynamics for revealing the participation of platelet, erythrocyte, endothelial, and monocyte microparticles in coagulation activation and propagation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227932. [PMID: 32469873 PMCID: PMC7259734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE For many pathological states, microparticles are supposed to be one of the causes of hypercoagulation. Although there are some indirect data about microparticles participation in coagulation activation and propagation, the integral hemostasis test Thrombodynamics allows to measure micropaticles participation in these two coagulation phases directly. Demonstrates microparticles participation in coagulation activation by influence on the appearance of coagulation centres in the plasma volume and the rate of clot growth from the surface with immobilized tissue factor.Methods: Microparticles were obtained from platelets and erythrocytes by stimulation with thrombin receptor-activating peptide (SFLLRN) and calcium ionophore (A23187), respectively, from monocytes, endothelial HUVEC culture and monocytic THP cell culture by stimulation with lipopolysaccharides. Microparticles were counted by flow cytometry and titrated in microparticle-depleted normal plasma in the Thrombodynamics test. RESULTS Monocyte microparticles induced the appearance of clotting centres through the TF pathway at concentrations approximately 100-fold lower than platelet and erythrocyte microparticles, which activated plasma by the contact pathway. For endothelial microparticles, both activation pathways were essential, and their activity was intermediate. Monocyte microparticles induced plasma clotting by the appearance of hundreds of clots with an extremely slow growth rate, while erythrocyte microparticles induced the appearance of a few clots with a growth rate similar to that from surface covered with high-density tissue factor. Patterns of clotting induced by platelet and endothelial microparticles were intermediate. Platelet, erythrocyte and endothelial microparticles impacts on the rate of clot growth from the surface with tissue factor did not differ significantly within the 0-200·103/ul range of microparticles concentrations. However, at concentrations greater than 500·103/ul, erythrocyte microparticles increased the stationary clot growth rate to significantly higher levels than do platelet microparticles or artificial phospholipid vesicles consisting of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine. CONCLUSION Microparticles of different origins demonstrated qualitatively different characteristics related to coagulation activation and propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. N. Lipets
- Department of Biophysics, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - O. A. Antonova
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - O. N. Shustova
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - K. V. Losenkova
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A. V. Mazurov
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - F. I. Ataullakhanov
- Department of Biophysics, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
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88
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Phosphatidylserine positive microparticles improve hemostasis in in-vitro hemophilia A plasma models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7871. [PMID: 32398812 PMCID: PMC7217932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microparticles (MPs) are procoagulant due to the surface containing phosphatidylserine (PS), which facilitates coagulation. We investigated if MPs improve hemostasis in HA plasma models. MPs isolated from pooled normal human plasma were added to severe, moderate and mild HA plasma models (0%, 2.5%, 20% FVIII). The MPs’ effect on hemostasis was evaluated by calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) and overall hemostasis potential (OHP) assays, while fibrin structure was imaged by standard confocal, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). MPs partially restored thrombin generation and fibrin formation in all HA plasma models. The procoagulant effect of MPs requires PS exposure, to a less extent of contact pathway activation, but not tissue factor exposure or in vitro stimulation of MPs. MPs partially normalized the fibrin structure, and using super-resolution STED, MPs attached to fibrin were clearly resolved. In summary, our results demonstrate that PS positive MPs could improve hemostasis in HA plasma models.
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89
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Tripisciano C, Weiss R, Karuthedom George S, Fischer MB, Weber V. Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Platelets, Red Blood Cells, and Monocyte-Like Cells Differ Regarding Their Ability to Induce Factor XII-Dependent Thrombin Generation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:298. [PMID: 32478066 PMCID: PMC7232549 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As transmitters of biological information, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial for the maintenance of physiological homeostasis, but also contribute to pathological conditions, such as thrombotic disorders. The ability of EVs to support thrombin generation has been linked to their exposure of phosphatidylserine, an anionic phospholipid that is normally restricted to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane but exposed on the outer leaflet during EV biogenesis. Here, we investigated whether EVs of different cellular origin and from different settings, namely platelets and red blood cells from blood bank units and a monocyte-like cell line (THP-1), differ regarding their potential to support factor XII-dependent thrombin generation. EVs were isolated from blood products or THP-1 cell culture supernatants using differential centrifugation and characterized by a combination of flow cytometry, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blotting. Soluble factors co-enriched during the isolation of EVs were depleted from blood-cell derived EV fractions using size exclusion chromatography, while proteins bound to the surface of EVs were degraded by mild protease treatment. We found that platelet-derived and red blood cell-derived EVs supported factor XII-dependent thrombin generation to comparable extents, while monocytic EVs failed to support thrombin generation when added to EV-depleted human plasma. We excluded a major contribution of co-enriched soluble proteins or of proteins bound to the EV surface to the thrombogenicity of blood cell-derived EVs. Our data suggest that the enhanced potential of blood cell-derived EVs to support thrombin generation is rather due to enhanced exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of blood cell-derived EVs. Extending these investigations to EVs from other cell types, such as mesenchymal stromal cells, will be crucial for their future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Tripisciano
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - René Weiss
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Sobha Karuthedom George
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Michael B Fischer
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria.,Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria.,Center for Experimental Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
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90
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Tessandier N, Melki I, Cloutier N, Allaeys I, Miszta A, Tan S, Milasan A, Michel S, Benmoussa A, Lévesque T, Côté F, McKenzie SE, Gilbert C, Provost P, Brisson AR, Wolberg AS, Fortin PR, Martel C, Boilard É. Platelets Disseminate Extracellular Vesicles in Lymph in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:929-942. [PMID: 32102567 PMCID: PMC8073225 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lymphatic system is a circulatory system that unidirectionally drains the interstitial tissue fluid back to blood circulation. Although lymph is utilized by leukocytes for immune surveillance, it remains inaccessible to platelets and erythrocytes. Activated cells release submicron extracellular vesicles (EV) that transport molecules from the donor cell. In rheumatoid arthritis, EV accumulate in the joint where they can interact with numerous cellular lineages. However, whether EV can exit the inflamed tissue to recirculate is unknown. Here, we investigated whether vascular leakage that occurs during inflammation could favor EV access to the lymphatic system. Approach and Results: Using an in vivo model of autoimmune inflammatory arthritis, we show that there is an influx of platelet EV, but not EV from erythrocytes or leukocytes, in joint-draining lymph. In contrast to blood platelet EV, lymph platelet EV lacked mitochondrial organelles and failed to promote coagulation. Platelet EV influx in lymph was consistent with joint vascular leakage and implicated the fibrinogen receptor α2bβ3 and platelet-derived serotonin. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that platelets can disseminate their EV in fluid that is inaccessible to platelets and beyond the joint in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tessandier
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
| | - Imene Melki
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
| | - Nathalie Cloutier
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
| | - Isabelle Allaeys
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
| | - Adam Miszta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (A.M., A.S.W.)
- Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada (A.M., C.M.)
| | - Sisareuth Tan
- Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS-University of Bordeaux-IPB, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France (S.T., A.R.B.)
| | - Andreea Milasan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.M., C.M.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sara Michel
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
| | - Abderrahim Benmoussa
- Department of Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine (A.B.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tania Lévesque
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
| | - Francine Côté
- Institut Imagine, Inserm U1163, Laboratoire Olivier Hermine, Paris, France (F.C.)
| | - Steven E McKenzie
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (S.E.M.)
| | - Caroline Gilbert
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
| | - Patrick Provost
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
| | - Alain R Brisson
- Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS-University of Bordeaux-IPB, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac, France (S.T., A.R.B.)
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (A.M., A.S.W.)
| | - Paul R Fortin
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Axe maladies infectieuses et inflammatoires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada (P.R.F., E.B.)
| | - Catherine Martel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.M., C.M.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada (A.M., C.M.)
| | - Éric Boilard
- From the Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, QC, Canada (N.T., I.M., N.C., I.A., S.M., T.L., C.G., P.P., P.R.F., E.B.)
- Axe maladies infectieuses et inflammatoires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada (P.R.F., E.B.)
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91
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Wirtz MR, Almizraq RJ, Weber NC, Norris PJ, Pandey S, Spinella PC, Muszynski JA, P Acker J, Juffermans NP. Red-blood-cell manufacturing methods and storage solutions differentially induce pulmonary cell activation. Vox Sang 2020; 115:395-404. [PMID: 32166810 PMCID: PMC7497002 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Red‐blood‐cell (RBC) transfusion is associated with lung injury, which is further exacerbated by mechanical ventilation. Manufacturing methods of blood products differ globally and may play a role in the induction of pulmonary cell activation through alteration of the immunomodulatory property of the products. Here, the effect of different manufacturing methods on pulmonary cell activation was investigated in an in vitro model of mechanical ventilation. Materials and Methods Pulmonary type II cells were incubated with supernatant from fresh and old RBC products obtained via whole blood filtration (WBF), red cell filtration (RCF), apheresis‐derived (AD) or whole blood‐derived (WBD) methods. Lung cells were subjected to 25% stretch for 24 h. Controls were non‐stretched or non‐incubated cells. Results Fresh but not old AD products and WBF products induce lung cell production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which was not observed with WBD or RCF products. Effects were associated with an increased amount of platelet‐derived vesicles and an increased thrombin‐generating capacity. Mechanical stretching of lung cells induced more severe cell injury compared to un‐stretched controls, including alterations in the cytoskeleton, which was further augmented by incubation with AD products. In all read‐out parameters, RCF products seemed to induce less injury compared to the other products. Conclusions Our findings show that manufacturing methods of RBC products impact pulmonary cell activation, which may be mediated by the generation of vesicles in the product. We suggest RBC manufacturing method may be an important factor in understanding the association between RBC transfusion and lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs R Wirtz
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruqayyah J Almizraq
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nina C Weber
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip J Norris
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suchitra Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Blood Centers of the Pacific (member of Blood Systems), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philip C Spinella
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer A Muszynski
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jason P Acker
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nicole P Juffermans
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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92
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Meyer AD, Rishmawi AR, Kamucheka R, Lafleur C, Batchinsky AI, Mackman N, Cap AP. Effect of blood flow on platelets, leukocytes, and extracellular vesicles in thrombosis of simulated neonatal extracorporeal circulation. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:399-410. [PMID: 31628728 PMCID: PMC7350929 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has frequent and sometimes lethal thrombotic complications. The role that activated platelets, leukocytes, and small (0.3-micron to 1-micron) extracellular vesicles (EVs) play in ECMO thrombosis is not well understood. OBJECTIVES To test the effect of blood flow rate on the generation of activated platelets, leukocytes, and EVs in a simulated neonatal ECMO circuit using heparinized human whole blood. METHODS Simulated neonatal roller pump circuits circulated whole blood at low, nominal, and high flow rates (0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 L/min) for 6 h. Coagulopathy was defined by thromboelastography (TEG), STA® -procoagulant phospholipid clot time (STA®- Procoag-PPL), and calibrated automated thrombogram. High-resolution flow cytometry measured the cellular expression of prothrombotic phospholipids and proteins on platelets, leukocytes, and EV. RESULTS Despite heparinization, occlusive thrombosis halted flow in two of five circuits at 0.3 L/min and three of five circuits at 0.7 L/min. None of the five circuits at 0.5 L/min exhibited occlusive thrombosis. Phosphatidylserine (PS)-positive platelets and EVs increased at all flow rates more than blood under static conditions (P < .0002). Tissue factor (TF)-positive leukocytes and EVs increased only in low-flow and high-flow circuits (P < .0001). Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), at 50 times more than the concentration in healthy adults, failed to suppress thrombin initiation in low-flow and high-flow circuits. CONCLUSIONS This in vitro study informs ECMO specialists to avoid low and high blood flow that increases TF expression on leukocytes and EVs, which likely initiate clot formation. Interventions to decrease TF generated by ECMO may be an effective approach to decrease thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Meyer
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
- Coagulation and Blood Research, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), Ft. Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Anjana R. Rishmawi
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Robin Kamucheka
- Coagulation and Blood Research, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), Ft. Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Crystal Lafleur
- Coagulation and Blood Research, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), Ft. Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Andriy I. Batchinsky
- Extracorporeal Life Support, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), Ft. Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Andrew P. Cap
- Coagulation and Blood Research, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), Ft. Sam Houston, Texas
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93
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Almeria C, Weiss R, Roy M, Tripisciano C, Kasper C, Weber V, Egger D. Hypoxia Conditioned Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Induce Increased Vascular Tube Formation in vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:292. [PMID: 31709251 PMCID: PMC6819375 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) display a variety of therapeutically relevant effects, such as the induction of angiogenesis, particularly under hypoxic conditions. It is generally recognized that MSCs exert their effects by secretion of paracrine factors and by stimulation of host cells. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that some therapeutically relevant effects of MSCs are mediated by MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Since our current knowledge on MSC-derived EVs released under hypoxic conditions is very limited, we aimed to characterize MSC-derived EVs from normoxic vs. hypoxic conditions (5% O2). Adipose-derived MSCs were grown under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and EVs were analyzed by flow cytometry using lactadherin as a marker for EVs exposing phosphatidylserine, CD63 and CD81 as EV markers, as well as CD73 and CD90 as MSC surface markers. Particle concentration and size distribution were measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and the EV surface antigen signature was characterized using bead-based multiplex flow cytometry. Furthermore, we evaluated the potential of MSC-derived EVs obtained under hypoxic conditions to support angiogenesis using an in vitro assay with an hTERT-immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) line. Proliferation and viability of MSCs were increased under hypoxic conditions. EV concentration, size, and surface signature did not differ significantly between normoxic and hypoxic conditions, with the exception of CD44, which was significantly upregulated on normoxic EVs. EVs from hypoxic conditions exhibited increased tube formation as compared to normoxic EVs or to the corresponding supernatants from both groups, indicating that tube formation is facilitated by EVs rather than by soluble factors. In conclusion, hypoxia conditioned MSC-derived EVs appear to be functionally more potent than normoxic MSC-derived EVs regarding the induction of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarra Almeria
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - René Weiss
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Michelle Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carla Tripisciano
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Dominik Egger
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, Austria
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94
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Antonova OA, Yakushkin VV, Mazurov AV. Coagulation Activity of Membrane Microparticles. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747819030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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95
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Obeid S, Sung PS, Le Roy B, Chou ML, Hsieh SL, Elie-Caille C, Burnouf T, Boireau W. NanoBioAnalytical characterization of extracellular vesicles in 75-nm nanofiltered human plasma for transfusion: A tool to improve transfusion safety. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 20:101977. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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96
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Antonova OA, Shustova ON, Golubeva NV, Yakushkin VV, Alchinova IB, Karganov MY, Mazurov AV. [Coagulation properties of erythrocyte derived membrane microparticles]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2019; 65:214-221. [PMID: 31258144 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20196503214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Membrane microparticles (MP) produced upon cell activation and/or damage possess coagulation activity, i.e. ability to accelerate blood clotting. They contain on their surface phosphatidylserine (PS), a substrate for assembling coagulation enzymatic complexes, and some of them tissue factor (TF), the initiator of clotting cascade reactions. In this study coagulation properties of MP derived from erythrocytes have been investigated. These MP were obtained from donor's erythrocytes activated with ionophore A23187 as well as from outdated erythrocyte concentrates for transfusion. MP were counted by flow cytometry. Coagulation activity of MP was examined by modified plasma recalcification assay. Involvement of PS and TF in this reaction was assessed using PS blocker lactadherin and anti-TF antibodies. TF activity in MP was measured by its ability to activate factor X in a chromogenic assay. Size of MP was evaluated by dynamic light scattering. Properties of erythrocyte MP were compared with previously characterized (using the same methodological approaches) MP derived from platelets and monocytic THP-1 cells, lacking and containing TF, respectively. Erythrocyte MP accelerated plasma clotting, but less actively than MP from platelets and MP from THP-1 cells, which demonstrated maximal activity. Lactadherin completely inhibited coagulation activity of all MP. Anti-TF antibodies did not affect clotting parameters in the presence of platelet and erythrocyte MP, but slowed clotting in the presence of MP from THP-1 cells. TF activity was not detected in erythrocyte and platelet MP, unlike MP from THP-1 cells expressing active TF. MP derived from erythrocytes were smaller than MP from platelets and THP-1 cells, with average diameter about 200 nm and 400 nm respectively. Thus, MP from erythrocyte possess less ability to accelerate plasma clotting in comparison with MP from platelet and THP-1 cells. The data obtained suggest that lesser coagulation activity of erythrocyte MP in comparison with MP from THP-1 cells is due to the absence of TF in erythrocyte MP (in contrast to MP from THP-1 cells) and to their smaller size, and in comparison with MP from platelets (which as erythrocyte MP do not express TF) is due to their smaller size only.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Antonova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - O N Shustova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Golubeva
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Yakushkin
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - I B Alchinova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Y Karganov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Mazurov
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
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97
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Zannoni J, Mauz N, Seyve L, Meunier M, Pernet-Gallay K, Brault J, Jouzier C, Laurin D, Pezet M, Pernollet M, Cahn JY, Cognasse F, Polack B, Park S. Tumor microenvironment and clonal monocytes from chronic myelomonocytic leukemia induce a procoagulant climate. Blood Adv 2019; 3:1868-1880. [PMID: 31221660 PMCID: PMC6595258 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018026955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a myeloid hematological malignancy with overlapping features of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The knowledge of the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), in MDS pathogenesis is increasing. Generally, cancer is associated with a procoagulant state participating in tumor development. Monocytes release procoagulant, tissue factor (TF)-bearing microparticles. We hypothesized that MSCs and clonal monocytes release procoagulant extracellular vesicles (EVs) within the CMML TME, inducing a procoagulant state that could modify hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis. We isolated and cultured MSCs and monocytes from CMML patients and MSCs from healthy donors (HDs). Their medium EVs and small EVs (sEVs) were collected after iterative ultracentrifugations and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Their impact on hemostasis was studied with a thrombin generation assay and fibrinography. CMML or HD HSCs were exposed to sEVs from either CMML or HD MSCs. CMML MSC sEVs increased HD HSC procoagulant activity, suggesting a transfer of TF from the CMML TME to HD HSCs. The presence of TF on sEVs was shown by electron microscopy and western blot. Moreover, CMML monocyte EVs conferred a procoagulant activity to HD MSCs, which was reversed by an anti-TF antibody, suggesting the presence of TF on the EVs. Our findings revealed a procoagulant "climate" within the CMML environment related to TF-bearing sEVs secreted by CMML MSCs and monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Zannoni
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Natacha Mauz
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Landry Seyve
- Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications-Thérapeutique Recombinante Expérimentale, UMR 5525 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathieu Meunier
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Karin Pernet-Gallay
- Grenoble Institute for Neurosciences, INSERM U1216, Plateforme de Microscopie Electronique, Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Brault
- Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications-Thérapeutique Recombinante Expérimentale, UMR 5525 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Centre de Diagnostic de la Granulomatose Septique Diagnosis and Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Jouzier
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - David Laurin
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne, Grenoble, France
| | - Mylène Pezet
- Plateforme de Microscopie Photonique, Cytométrie en Flux, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Martine Pernollet
- Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Yves Cahn
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- Etablissement Français du Sang Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne, Saint-Etienne, France; and
- GIMAP-EA3064, Lyon University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Benoît Polack
- Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications-Thérapeutique Recombinante Expérimentale, UMR 5525 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Park
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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98
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Zarà M, Guidetti GF, Camera M, Canobbio I, Amadio P, Torti M, Tremoli E, Barbieri SS. Biology and Role of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in the Pathogenesis of Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112840. [PMID: 31212641 PMCID: PMC6600675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are well-established mediators of cell-to-cell communication. EVs can be released by every cell type and they can be classified into three major groups according to their biogenesis, dimension, density, and predominant protein markers: exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. During their formation, EVs associate with specific cargo from their parental cell that can include RNAs, free fatty acids, surface receptors, and proteins. The biological function of EVs is to maintain cellular and tissue homeostasis by transferring critical biological cargos to distal or neighboring recipient cells. On the other hand, their role in intercellular communication may also contribute to the pathogenesis of several diseases, including thrombosis. More recently, their physiological and biochemical properties have suggested their use as a therapeutic tool in tissue regeneration as well as a novel option for drug delivery. In this review, we will summarize the impact of EVs released from blood and vascular cells in arterial and venous thrombosis, describing the mechanisms by which EVs affect thrombosis and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zarà
- Unit of Heart-Brain Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Marina Camera
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy.
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology in Cardiovascular Diseases, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Amadio
- Unit of Heart-Brain Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | - Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Scientific Direction, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | - Silvia Stella Barbieri
- Unit of Heart-Brain Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Extracellular vesicles have emerged as one of the most important means through which cells interact with each other and the extracellular environment, but extracellular vesicle research remains challenging due to their small size, limited amount of material required for traditional molecular biology assays and inconsistency in the methods of their isolation. The advent of new technologies and standards in the field, however, have led to increased mechanistic insight into extracellular vesicle function. Herein, the latest studies on the role of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular physiology and disease are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Extracellular vesicles help control cardiovascular homeostasis and remodelling by mediating communication between cells and directing alterations in the extracellular matrix to respond to changes in the environment. The message carried from the parent cell to extracellular space can be intended for both local (within the same tissue) and distal (downstream of blood flow) targets. Pathological cargo loaded within extracellular vesicles could further result in various diseases. On the contrary, new studies indicate that injection of extracellular vesicles obtained from cultured cells into diseased tissues can promote restoration of normal tissue function. SUMMARY Extracellular vesicles are an integral part of cell and tissue function, and harnessing the properties inherent to extracellular vesicles may provide a therapeutic strategy to promote tissue regeneration.
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100
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Wu X, Liu Y, Wei W, Liu ML. Extracellular vesicles in autoimmune vasculitis - Little dirts light the fire in blood vessels. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:593-606. [PMID: 30959208 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic vasculitis is diverse group of autoimmune disorders which are characterized by inflammation of blood vessel walls with deep aching and burning pain. Their underlying etiology and pathophysiology still remain poorly understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies, are membrane vesicular structures that are released either during cell activation, or when cells undergo programmed cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. Although EVs were thought as cell dusts, but now they have been found to be potently active since they harbor bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, or multi-molecular complexes. EVs can serve as novel mediators for cell-to-cell communications by delivery bioactive molecules from their parental cells to the recipient cells. Earlier studies mainly focused on MVs budding from membrane surface. Recent studies demonstrated that EVs may also carry molecules from cytoplasm or even from nucleus of their parental cells, and these EVs may carry autoantigens and are important in vasculitis. EVs may play important roles in vasculitis through their potential pathogenic involvements in inflammation, autoimmune responses, procoagulation, endothelial dysfunction/damage, angiogenesis, and intimal hyperplasia. EVs have also been used as specific biomarkers for diagnostic use or disease severity monitoring. In this review, we have focused on the aspects of EV biology most relevant to the pathogenesis of vasculitis, discussed their perspective insights, and summarized the exist literature on EV relevant studies in vasculitis, therefore provides an integration of current knowledge regarding the novel role of EVs in systemic vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Ming-Lin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center (Philadelphia), Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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