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Soto Ramos IM, Crooke B, Seegers B, Cetinić I, Cambazoglu MK, Armstrong B. Spatial and temporal characterization of cyanobacteria blooms in the Mississippi Sound and their relationship to the Bonnet Carré Spillway openings. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 127:102472. [PMID: 37544672 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
During the spring and summer of 2019, an unprecedented cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom (cyanoHAB) was responsible for beach advisories on 25 beaches along the Mississippi Sound for over 3 months. Due to the preceding heavy rainfall and flooding within the Mississippi River watershed, for the first time in history, the Bonnet Carré Spillway (BCS) opened twice in one year during 2019. The coastal cyanoHAB coincided with the second BCS opening. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to investigate the potential for using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ocean color standard Cyanobacteria Index (CIcyano) algorithm to characterize the spatial and temporal extent of the 2019 cyanoHAB; (2) to couple the CIcyano data with river discharge, salinity, and modeled-wind data to study the conditions leading to the cyanoHAB and factors aiding the advection and persistence of the bloom within the Mississippi Sound, including a possible relationship to the BCS; (3) to further investigate the relationship with the BCS by repeating the methods using data from 2018, which was a year when the BCS was opened but no evidence of cyanoHABs was reported along the Mississippi coast. Weekly means and monthly frequency CIcyano images, river discharge, salinity, and modeled-wind data from February to September of 2018 and 2019 were analyzed, which coincide with three BCS openings. In March 2018, a cyanobacteria bloom was observed within Lake Pontchartrain coinciding with the BCS opening; however, the month-long bloom was contained to the lake. Two distinct cyanoHABs were observed in 2019 and both blooms were advected into the Mississippi Sound, and likely contributed to the 3-month-long beach water advisories of 2019 along the Mississippi coastline. From March to mid-July 2019, salinity at stations within the Mississippi Sound was consistently near zero indicating high levels of freshwater. During that time, winds were predominantly northwestward, preventing the BCS waters from flushing into the Mississippi Shelf and resulting in BCS waters remaining longer within the estuarine lakes and Mississippi Sound. Although the BCS had an undeniable impact on the presence of the coastal cyanoHAB of 2019, other variables including wind direction, water flow, mixing, and persistence of freshwater within the Sound can determine the intensity and extent of the cyanoHABs. Coupling in situ phytoplankton information from freshwater water bodies to the marine continuum along with water flow, wind data, and satellite imagery could help identify cyanoHABs at early stages and forecast their trajectory and potential impacts on coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inia M Soto Ramos
- GESTAR II, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Ocean Ecology Laboratory, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
| | - Benjamin Crooke
- Skidmore College, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Office of STEM Engagement (OSTEM) Internship Program, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Bridget Seegers
- GESTAR II, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Ocean Ecology Laboratory, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Ivona Cetinić
- GESTAR II, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Ocean Ecology Laboratory, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
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Lim CC, Yoon J, Reynolds K, Gerald LB, Ault AP, Heo S, Bell ML. Harmful algal bloom aerosols and human health. EBioMedicine 2023; 93:104604. [PMID: 37164781 PMCID: PMC10363441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing across many locations globally. Toxins from HABs can be incorporated into aerosols and transported inland, where subsequent exposure and inhalation can induce adverse health effects. However, the relationship between HAB aerosols and health outcomes remains unclear despite the potential for population-level exposures. In this review, we synthesized the current state of knowledge and identified evidence gaps in the relationship between HAB aerosols and human health. Aerosols from Karenia brevis, Ostreopsis sp., and cyanobacteria were linked with respiratory outcomes. However, most works did not directly measure aerosol or toxin concentrations and instead relied on proxy metrics of exposure, such as cell concentrations in nearby waterbodies. Furthermore, the number of studies with epidemiological designs was limited. Significant uncertainties remain regarding the health effects of other HAB species; threshold dose and the dose-response relationship; effects of concurrent exposures to mixtures of toxins and other aerosol sources, such as microplastics and metals; the impact of long-term exposures; and disparities in exposures and associated health effects across potentially vulnerable subpopulations. Additional studies employing multifaceted exposure assessment methods and leveraging large health databases could address such gaps and improve our understanding of the public health burden of HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris C Lim
- Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
| | - Jeonggyo Yoon
- Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kelly Reynolds
- Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Lynn B Gerald
- Population Health Sciences Program, Office of the Vice Chancellor for Health Affairs, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Seulkee Heo
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Aziz MT, Granger CO, Ferry JL, Richardson SD. Algae impacted drinking water: Does switching to chloramination produce safer drinking water? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162815. [PMID: 36921861 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal (cyanobacterial) blooms (HABs) are increasing throughout the world. HABs can be a direct source of toxins in freshwater sources, and associated algal organic matter (AOM) can act as precursors for the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water. This study investigated the impacts of algae on DBP formation using treatment with chloramine, which has become a popular disinfectant in the U.S. and in several other countries because it can significantly lower the levels of regulated DBPs formed. Controlled laboratory chloraminations were conducted using live field-collected algal biomass dominated by either Phormidium sp. or Microseira wollei (formerly known as Lyngbya wollei) collected from Lake Wateree and Lake Marion, SC. Sixty-six priority, unregulated or regulated DBPs were quantified using gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS). The presence of HAB-dominated microbial communities in source waters led to significant increases in more toxic nitrogen-containing DBPs (1.5-5 fold) relative to lake waters collected in HAB-free waters. Compared to chlorinated Phormidium-impacted waters, chloraminated waters yielded lower total DBP levels (up to 123 μg/L vs. 586 μg/L for low Br-/I- waters), but produced a greater number of brominated, iodinated, and mixed halogenated DBPs in high Br-/I- waters. Among the DBPs formed in Phormidium-impacted chloraminated waters, dichloroacetic acid, trichloromethane, chloroacetic acid, chloropropanone, and dichloroacetamide were dominant. For Microseira wollei-impacted chloraminated waters, total DBP concentrations ranged from 33 to 145 μg/L (approximately 3-5 times lower than chlorination), with dichloroacetic acid, dichloroacetamide, and trichloromethane dominant. Overall, chloramination significantly reduced calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in low Br- and I- waters, but produced 1.3 fold higher calculated cytotoxicity (compared to chlorine) with high Br-/I- waters due to increased formation of more toxic iodo- and mixed halogenated DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tareq Aziz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Caroline O Granger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - John L Ferry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Susan D Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Nwankwegu AS, Yang G, Zhang L, Xie D, Ohore OE, Adeyeye OA, Li Y, Yao X, Song Z, Yonas MW. Ecosystem anthropogenic enrichments enhance Chroococcus abundance and suppress Anabaena during cyanobacterial-dominated spring blooms in the Pengxi River, Three Gorges Reservoir, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115141. [PMID: 37295313 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Taxa-specific responses to the increasing anthropogenic eutrophication offer promising insights for mitigating harmful algal blooms (HABs) in freshwaters. The present study evaluated the HABs species dynamics in response to the ecosystem anthropogenic enrichment during cyanobacterial-dominated spring HABs in the Pengxi River, Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Results show significant cyanobacterial dominance with a relative abundance (RA = 76.54 %). The ecosystem enrichments triggered shifts in the HABs community structure from Anabaena to Chroococcus, especially in the culture involving iron (Fe) addition (RA = 66.16 %). While P-alone enrichment caused a dramatic increase in the aggregate cell density (2.45 × 108 cells L-1), the multiple enrichment (NPFe) led to maximum biomass production (as chl-a = 39.62 ± 2.33 μgL-1), indicating that nutrient in conjunction with the HABs taxonomic characteristics e.g., tendency to possess high cell pigment contents rather than cell density can potentially determine massive biomass accumulations during HABs. The stimulation of growth as biomass production demonstrated by both P-alone and the multiple enrichments, NPFe indicates that although P exclusive control is feasible in the Pengxi ecosystem, it can only guarantee a short-term reduction in HABs magnitude and duration, thus a lasting HABs mitigation measure must consider a policy recommendation involving multiple nutrient management, especially N and P dual control strategy. The present study would adequately complement the concerted effort in developing a rational predictive framework for freshwater eutrophication management and HABs mitigations in the TGR and elsewhere with similar anthropogenic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amechi S Nwankwegu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China; National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400716, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Guanglang Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China; National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Deti Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China; National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Okugbe E Ohore
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Oluwafemi Adewole Adeyeye
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China; National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yiping Li
- College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xuexing Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zenghui Song
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Muhammad W Yonas
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China
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Wisecaver JH, Auber RP, Pendleton AL, Watervoort NF, Fallon TR, Riedling OL, Manning SR, Moore BS, Driscoll WW. Extreme genome diversity and cryptic speciation in a harmful algal-bloom-forming eukaryote. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2246-2259.e8. [PMID: 37224809 PMCID: PMC10247466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms of the toxic haptophyte Prymnesium parvum are a recurrent problem in many inland and estuarine waters around the world. Strains of P. parvum vary in the toxins they produce and in other physiological traits associated with harmful algal blooms, but the genetic basis for this variation is unknown. To investigate genome diversity in this morphospecies, we generated genome assemblies for 15 phylogenetically and geographically diverse strains of P. parvum, including Hi-C guided, near-chromosome-level assemblies for two strains. Comparative analysis revealed considerable DNA content variation between strains, ranging from 115 to 845 Mbp. Strains included haploids, diploids, and polyploids, but not all differences in DNA content were due to variation in genome copy number. Haploid genome size between strains of different chemotypes differed by as much as 243 Mbp. Syntenic and phylogenetic analyses indicate that UTEX 2797, a common laboratory strain from Texas, is a hybrid that retains two phylogenetically distinct haplotypes. Investigation of gene families variably present across the strains identified several functional categories associated with metabolic and genome size variation in P. parvum, including genes for the biosynthesis of toxic metabolites and proliferation of transposable elements. Together, our results indicate that P. parvum comprises multiple cryptic species. These genomes provide a robust phylogenetic and genomic framework for investigations into the eco-physiological consequences of the intra- and inter-specific genetic variation present in P. parvum and demonstrate the need for similar resources for other harmful algal-bloom-forming morphospecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Wisecaver
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Robert P Auber
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Amanda L Pendleton
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nathan F Watervoort
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Timothy R Fallon
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr #0204, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Olivia L Riedling
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 175 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Schonna R Manning
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, MSB 250B, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr #0204, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr #0204, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - William W Driscoll
- Department of Biology, Penn State Harrisburg, 777 W. Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, PA 17057, USA
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Pan Y, Meng R, Li Y, Yang L, Mei L, Wu Y, Xu J, Zhou C, Yan X. Changes in biochemical metabolites in manila clam after a temporary culture with high-quality microalgal feed mixed with the dinoflagellate species Karlodinium veneficum and K. zhouanum. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 125:102422. [PMID: 37220975 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton composition is an important factor affecting the growth and physiological biochemical characteristics of filter-feeding bivalves. With the increasing trend in dinoflagellate biomass and blooms in mariculture areas, how the physio-biochemical traits and seafood quality of the mariculture organism are affected by the dinoflagellates, especially those at nonfatal levels, is not well understood. Different densities of two Karlodinium species, namely K. veneficum (KV) and K. zhouanum (KZ), mixed with high quality microalgal food Isochrysis galbana was applied in feeding manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in a 14-day temporary culture, to comparatively study how the critical biochemical metabolites such as glycogen, free amino acids (FAAs), fatty acids (FAs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the clam were affected. The survival rate of the clam showed dinoflagellate density and species specificity. The high-density KV group inhibited survival to 32% lower than that of the pure I. galbana control, respectively, while KZ at low concentrations did not significantly affect the survival compared with the control. In the high-density KV group, the glycogen and FAA contents decreased (p < 0.05), indicating that energy and protein metabolism were significantly affected. Amount of carnosine (49.91 ± 14.64 to 84.74 ± 8.59 μg/g of muscle wet weight) was detected in all the dinoflagellate-mixed groups, while it was not present in the field samples or in the pure I. galbana control, showing that carnosine participated in the anti-stress activities when the clam was exposed to the dinoflagellates. The global composition of FAs did not significantly vary among the groups. However, contents of the endogenous C18 PUFA precursors linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid significantly decreased in the high-density KV group compared to all the other groups, indicating that high density of KV affected the metabolisms of fatty acids. From the results of the changed VOC composition, oxidation of fatty acids and degradation of free amino acids might occur in the clams exposed to dinoflagellates. The increased VOCs, such as aldehydes, and decreased 1-octen-3-ol probably produced a more fishy taste and reduced food flavor quality when the clam was exposed to the dinoflagellates. This present study demonstrated that the biochemical metabolism and seafood qulity of the clam were affected. However, KZ with moderate density in the feed seemed to be beneficial in aquaculture for increasing the content of carnosine, a high-valued substance with multiple bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Pan
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ran Meng
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yanrong Li
- Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Ling Yang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Limin Mei
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jilin Xu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo 315832, China; Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China.
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Moore C. Invited Perspective: Decentralized CyanoHAB Monitoring Is Needed to Understand Public Health Risks. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:61306. [PMID: 37342991 PMCID: PMC10284345 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Moore
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, San Diego, California, USA
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Zhang J, Li X, Wang X, Guan W. Transcriptome analysis of two bloom-forming Prorocentrum species reveals physiological changes related to light and temperature. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 125:102421. [PMID: 37220974 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and light substantially influence red tide succession. However, it remains unclear whether the molecular mechanisms differ among species. In this study, we measured the variation in the physiological parameters of growth and pigments and transcriptional levels of two bloom-forming dinoflagellates, namely Prorocentrum micans and P. cordatum. This was undertaken in four treatments that represented two factorial temperature combinations (LT: 20 °C, HT: 28 °C) and light conditions (LL: 50 µmol photons m-2 s-1, HL: 400 µmol photons m-2 s-1) for 7-day batch culture. Growth under high temperature and high light (HTHL) was the fastest, while growth under high temperature and low light (HTLL) was the slowest. The pigments (chlorophyll a and carotenoids) decreased significantly in all high light (HL) treatments, but not in high temperature (HT) treatments. HL alleviated the low light-caused photolimitation and enhanced the growth of both species at low temperatures. However, HT inhibited the growth of both species by inducing oxidative stress under low light conditions. HL mitigated the HT-induced stress on growth in both species by upregulating photosynthesis, antioxidase activity, protein folding, and degradation. The cells of P. micans were more sensitive to HT and HL than those of P. cordatum. This study deepens our understanding of the species-specific mechanism of dinoflagellates at the transcriptomic level, adapting to the future ocean changes including higher solar radiation and higher temperatures in the upper mixed layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhu Zhang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xuanwen Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xinjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Wanchun Guan
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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Nagai S, Basti L, Uchida H, Kuribayashi T, Natsuike M, Sildever S, Nakayama N, Lum WM, Matsushima R. Growth, Toxin Content and Production of Dinophysis Norvegica in Cultured Strains Isolated from Funka Bay (Japan). Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050318. [PMID: 37235353 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful cultivation of Dinophysis norvegica Claparède & Lachmann, 1859, isolated from Japanese coastal waters, is presented in this study, which also includes an examination of its toxin content and production for the first time. Maintaining the strains at a high abundance (>2000 cells per mL-1) for more than 20 months was achieved by feeding them with the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum Lohmann, 1908, along with the addition of the cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia (W.Conrad) D.R.A.Hill, 1992. Toxin production was examined using seven established strains. At the end of the one-month incubation period, the total amounts of pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) ranged between 132.0 and 375.0 ng per mL-1 (n = 7), and 0.7 and 3.6 ng per mL-1 (n = 3), respectively. Furthermore, only one strain was found to contain a trace level of okadaic acid (OA). Similarly, the cell quota of pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) ranged from 60.6 to 152.4 pg per cell-1 (n = 7) and 0.5 to 1.2 pg per cell-1 (n = 3), respectively. The results of this study indicate that toxin production in this species is subject to variation depending on the strain. According to the growth experiment, D. norvegica exhibited a long lag phase, as suggested by the slow growth observed during the first 12 days. In the growth experiment, D. norvegica grew very slowly for the first 12 days, suggesting they had a long lag phase. However, after that, they grew exponentially, with a maximum growth rate of 0.56 divisions per day (during Days 24-27), reaching a maximum concentration of 3000 cells per mL-1 at the end of the incubation (Day 36). In the toxin production study, the concentration of DTX1 and PTX2 increased following their vegetative growth, but the toxin production still increased exponentially on Day 36 (1.3 ng per mL-1 and 154.7 ng per mL-1 of DTX1 and PTX2, respectively). The concentration of OA remained below detectable levels (≤0.010 ng per mL-1) during the 36-day incubation period, with the exception of Day 6. This study presents new information on the toxin production and content of D. norvegica, as well as insights into the maintenance and culturing of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nagai
- Coastal and Inland Fisheries Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
| | - Leila Basti
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Marine Resources and Environment, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Hajime Uchida
- Seafood Safety and Technology Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
| | - Takanori Kuribayashi
- Headquarters, Hokkaido Research Organization, Kita 19 Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Masafumi Natsuike
- Hakodate Fisheries Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, 20-5 Benten-cho, Hakodate 040-0051, Japan
| | - Sirje Sildever
- Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15A, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Natsuko Nakayama
- Environmental Conservation Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi 739-0452, Japan
| | - Wai Mun Lum
- Coastal and Inland Fisheries Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryuji Matsushima
- Seafood Safety and Technology Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
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60
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Rothenberger M, Gleich SJ, Flint E. The underappreciated role of biotic factors in controlling the bloom ecology of potentially harmful microalgae in the Hudson-Raritan Bay. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 124:102411. [PMID: 37164564 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite widespread distribution of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and new and improved methods for detecting and quantifying them, no unifying ecological explanation has been found. Improved understanding depends upon local, ecological studies that include analysis of phytoplankton species data in relation to both abiotic and biotic parameters. Ecological network analysis was used to detect co-occurrence patterns among abiotic and biotic parameters in a long-term monitoring dataset (i.e., 2010-2021) from the eutrophic Hudson-Raritan Estuary (HRE) between the states of New York and New Jersey. The regular co-occurrence of potentially harmful bloom-forming species with companion species observed through microscopy was supported by the results of ecological network analysis, which showed that there were far more associations between HAB species and biotic parameters (∼95%) than abiotic parameters (∼5%). Temperature was the environmental variable that was most associated with HAB species throughout the estuary. The numerous network associations of HAB species with one another and with diatoms, dinoflagellates, and zooplankton highlight the complexity of planktonic food webs and interactions. Results also suggest that some taxa may play a central role in structuring the HRE plankton communities. These findings demonstrate that biotic associations play an underappreciated role in plankton structure and the value of examining the ecology of HAB species within the breadth of their biological communities. While network analysis does not fully explain and confirm complex associations among species, it does provide fresh insights and testable hypotheses to strengthen understanding and improve prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Rothenberger
- Biology Department, Lafayette College, Kunkel Hall, Easton, PA 18042, USA.
| | - Samantha J Gleich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Evan Flint
- Mathematics Department, Lafayette College, Pardee Hall, Easton, PA 18042, USA
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61
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Detoni AMS, Navarro G, Garrido JL, Rodríguez F, Hernández-Urcera J, Caballero I. Mapping dinoflagellate blooms (Noctiluca and Alexandrium) in aquaculture production areas in the NW Iberian Peninsula with the Sentinel-2/3 satellites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161579. [PMID: 36640882 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Galician Rías (northwestern Spain) are periodically affected by harmful algal blooms (HABs), mostly dinoflagellates, which pose a challenge to aquaculture activities due to the accumulation of biotoxins in shellfish. Typically, reddish blooms in the Rías are associated with non-toxic species like Noctiluca scintillans, with a few exceptions such as Alexandrium minutum, a producer of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST). Here, a useful approach is presented for monitoring reddish blooms through satellite imagery based on three case studies, two of them belonged to monospecific blooms of red Noctiluca scintillans, and the third to a bloom of Alexandrium spp. dominated by A. tamarense. In every case, a propulsive index was evaluated using Sentinel-2A/B satellites, which provide high spatial and spectral resolutions, combined with adequate atmospheric and sunglint correction by using the ACOLITE and C2RCC processors. This approach offers a simple and feasible method to accurately and timely map blooms of red N. scintillans and Alexandrium spp. in the study area, useful to detect the distribution of reddish blooms with synoptic observations for monitoring and aquaculture management purposes. Conversely, Sentinel-3A/B satellites with a relatively coarser spatial resolution, lacking adequate visualization and mapping of the extent of small blooms, did not accurately detect bloom footprints in the coastal bay region, although this sensor displays a set of suitable multispectral bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amália Maria Sacilotto Detoni
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Navarro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - José L Garrido
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM, CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografia (IEO, CSIC), 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Jorge Hernández-Urcera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM, CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain; Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografia (IEO, CSIC), 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Isabel Caballero
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
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Chen M, Rholl CA, Persaud SL, Wang Z, He Z, Parker KM. Permanganate preoxidation affects the formation of disinfection byproducts from algal organic matter. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119691. [PMID: 36774754 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
During harmful algal blooms (HABs), permanganate may be used as a preoxidant to improve drinking water quality by removing algal cells and degrading algal toxins. However, permanganate also lyses algal cells, releasing intracellular algal organic matter (AOM). AOM further reacts with permanganate to alter the abundance of disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors, which in turn affects DBP formation during disinfection. In this study, we evaluated the impacts of preoxidation by permanganate applied at commonly used doses (i.e., 1-5 mg/L) on DBP generation during chlorination and chloramination of AOM. We found that permanganate preoxidation increased trichloronitromethane (TCNM) formation by up to 3-fold and decreased dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) formation by up to 40% during chlorination, indicating that permanganate oxidized organic amines in AOM to organic nitro compounds rather than organic nitrile compounds. To test this proposed mechanism, we demonstrated that permanganate oxidized organic amines in known DBP precursors (i.e., tyrosine, tryptophan) to favor the production of TCNM over DCAN during chlorination. Compared to the decreased formation of DCAN during chlorination, permanganate increased DCAN formation by 30-50% during chloramination of AOM. This difference likely arose from monochloramine's ability to react with non-nitrogenous precursors (e.g., organic aldehydes) that formed during permanganate preoxidation of AOM to generate nitrogen-containing intermediates that go on to form DCAN. Our results also showed that permanganate preoxidation favored the formation of dichlorobromomethane (DCBM) over trichloromethane (TCM) during chlorination and chloramination. The increased formation of DBPs, especially nitrogenous DBPs that are more toxic than carbonaceous DBPs, may increase the overall toxicity in finished drinking water when permanganate preoxidation is implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshan Chen
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Carter A Rholl
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Shane L Persaud
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Kimberly M Parker
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States.
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Díaz PA, Pérez-Santos I, Basti L, Garreaud R, Pinilla E, Barrera F, Tello A, Schwerter C, Arenas-Uribe S, Soto-Riquelme C, Navarro P, Díaz M, Álvarez G, Linford PM, Altamirano R, Mancilla-Gutiérrez G, Rodríguez-Villegas C, Figueroa RI. The impact of local and climate change drivers on the formation, dynamics, and potential recurrence of a massive fish-killing microalgal bloom in Patagonian fjord. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161288. [PMID: 36587668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) in southern Chile are a serious threat to public health, tourism, artisanal fisheries, and aquaculture in this region. Ichthyotoxic HAB species have recently become a major annual threat to the Chilean salmon farming industry, due to their severe economic impacts. In early austral autumn 2021, an intense bloom of the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo was detected in Comau Fjord, Chilean Patagonia, resulting in a high mortality of farmed salmon (nearly 6000 tons of biomass) within 15 days. H. akashiwo cells were first detected at the head of the fjord on March 16, 2021 (up to 478 cells mL-1). On March 31, the cell density at the surface had reached a maximum of 2 × 105 cells mL-1, with intense brown spots visible on the water surface. Strong and persistent high-pressure anomalies over the southern tip of South America, consistent with the positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), resulted in extremely dry conditions, high solar radiation, and strong southerly winds. A coupling of these features with the high water retention times inside the fjord can explain the spatial-temporal dynamics of this bloom event. Other factors, such as the internal local physical uplift process (favored by the north-to-south orientation of the fjord), salt-fingering events, and the uplift of subantarctic deep-water renewal, likely resulted in the injection of nutrients into the euphotic layer, which in turn could have promoted cell growth and thus high microalgal cell densities, such as reached by the bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio A Díaz
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile; CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile.
| | - Iván Pérez-Santos
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile; Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS Sur-Austral and COPAS COASTAL, Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Leila Basti
- Faculty of Marine Environment and Resources, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 108-8477 Tokyo, Japan; College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Department of Integrative Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - René Garreaud
- Departamento de Geofísica, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370449, Región Metropolitana, Chile; Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia (CR2), Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Elias Pinilla
- Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Putemún, Castro, Chile; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, 5711 Boardman Hall, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Facundo Barrera
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile; Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia (CR2), Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Camila Schwerter
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Sara Arenas-Uribe
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | | | - Pilar Navarro
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Manuel Díaz
- Instituto de Acuicultura & Programa de Investigación Pesquera, Universidad Austral de Chile, Los Pinos s/n, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Álvarez
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1281, Chile; Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Larrondo 1281, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Pamela M Linford
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | | | | | - Camilo Rodríguez-Villegas
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile; CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Rosa I Figueroa
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
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64
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Trainer VL, King TL. SoundToxins: A Research and Monitoring Partnership for Harmful Phytoplankton in Washington State. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030189. [PMID: 36977080 PMCID: PMC10056251 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The more frequent occurrence of marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) and recent problems with newly-described toxins in Puget Sound have increased the risk for illness and have negatively impacted sustainable access to shellfish in Washington State. Marine toxins that affect safe shellfish harvest because of their impact on human health are the saxitoxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), domoic acid that causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), diarrhetic shellfish toxins that cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) and the recent measurement of azaspiracids, known to cause azaspiracid poisoning (AZP), at low concentrations in Puget Sound shellfish. The flagellate, Heterosigma akashiwo, impacts the health and harvestability of aquacultured and wild salmon in Puget Sound. The more recently described flagellates that cause the illness or death of cultivated and wild shellfish, include Protoceratium reticulatum, known to produce yessotoxins, Akashiwo sanguinea and Phaeocystis globosa. This increased incidence of HABs, especially dinoflagellate HABs that are expected in increase with enhanced stratification linked to climate change, has necessitated the partnership of state regulatory programs with SoundToxins, the research, monitoring and early warning program for HABs in Puget Sound, that allows shellfish growers, Native tribes, environmental learning centers and citizens, to be the “eyes on the coast”. This partnership enables safe harvest of wholesome seafood for consumption in the region and helps to describe unusual events that impact the health of oceans, wildlife and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera L. Trainer
- Olympic Natural Resources Center, University of Washington, Forks, WA 98331, USA
| | - Teri L. King
- Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington, Shelton, WA 98584, USA
- Correspondence:
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65
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Dai Y, Yang S, Zhao D, Hu C, Xu W, Anderson DM, Li Y, Song XP, Boyce DG, Gibson L, Zheng C, Feng L. Coastal phytoplankton blooms expand and intensify in the 21st century. Nature 2023; 615:280-284. [PMID: 36859547 PMCID: PMC9995273 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton blooms in coastal oceans can be beneficial to coastal fisheries production and ecosystem function, but can also cause major environmental problems1,2-yet detailed characterizations of bloom incidence and distribution are not available worldwide. Here we map daily marine coastal algal blooms between 2003 and 2020 using global satellite observations at 1-km spatial resolution. We found that algal blooms occurred in 126 out of the 153 coastal countries examined. Globally, the spatial extent (+13.2%) and frequency (+59.2%) of blooms increased significantly (P < 0.05) over the study period, whereas blooms weakened in tropical and subtropical areas of the Northern Hemisphere. We documented the relationship between the bloom trends and ocean circulation, and identified the stimulatory effects of recent increases in sea surface temperature. Our compilation of daily mapped coastal phytoplankton blooms provides the basis for global assessments of bloom risks and benefits, and for the formulation or evaluation of management or policy actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shangbo Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanmin Hu
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Wang Xu
- Shenzhen Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yun Li
- School of Marine Science and Policy, College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, USA
| | - Xiao-Peng Song
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Daniel G Boyce
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Luke Gibson
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- EIT Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo, China
| | - Lian Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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66
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Coastal algal blooms have intensified over the past 20 years. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-00299-4. [PMID: 36859665 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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67
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Singh A, Rana MS, Tiwari H, Kumar M, Saxena S, Anand V, Prajapati SK. Anaerobic digestion as a tool to manage eutrophication and associated greenhouse gas emission. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160722. [PMID: 36493813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophicated inland water bodies are noticed to be one of the contributing factors to greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions. Direct discharge of untreated or partially treated water is a major concern. Microalgae-based technology and management are regarded as one of the potential nature-based approaches to combat eutrophication. In turn, the microalgae facilitate the recovery of GHGs contributing compounds in the form of organic biomass. The recovered algal biomass can be harnessed for the production of biofuels and other bio-products, like biofertilizer, using anaerobic digestion. By virtue, circular bio-economy can be achieved alongside mitigating GHGs emissions. Before implementing, it is vital to thoroughly explore the links between the process and potential alternatives for wastewater treatment, waste valorization, biofuel production, and land usage. Thus, the present review discusses the impact of eutrophication on ecology and environment, current technologies for mitigating eutrophication and GHGs, and energy recovery through the anaerobic digestion of algal biomass. Further, the processes at the intercept of wastewater treatment and biogas production were reviewed to leverage the potential of anaerobic digestion for making a circular bioeconomy framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Singh
- Environment and Biofuel Research Laboratory, Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy (HRED), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Mohit Singh Rana
- Environment and Biofuel Research Laboratory, Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy (HRED), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Harshit Tiwari
- Environment and Biofuel Research Laboratory, Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy (HRED), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Environment and Biofuel Research Laboratory, Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy (HRED), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Sarthak Saxena
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Vishal Anand
- Environment and Biofuel Research Laboratory, Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy (HRED), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Prajapati
- Environment and Biofuel Research Laboratory, Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy (HRED), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
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68
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Linz DM, Sienkiewicz N, Struewing I, Stelzer EA, Graham JL, Lu J. Metagenomic mapping of cyanobacteria and potential cyanotoxin producing taxa in large rivers of the United States. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2806. [PMID: 36797305 PMCID: PMC9935515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and cyanotoxin producing cyanobacterial blooms are a trending focus of current research. Many studies focus on bloom events in lentic environments such as lakes or ponds. Comparatively few studies have explored lotic environments and fewer still have examined the cyanobacterial communities and potential cyanotoxin producers during ambient, non-bloom conditions. Here we used a metagenomics-based approach to profile non-bloom microbial communities and cyanobacteria in 12 major U.S. rivers at multiple time points during the summer months of 2019. Our data show that U.S. rivers possess microbial communities that are taxonomically rich, yet largely consistent across geographic location and time. Within these communities, cyanobacteria often comprise significant portions and frequently include multiple species with known cyanotoxin producing strains. We further characterized these potential cyanotoxin producing taxa by deep sequencing amplicons of the microcystin E (mcyE) gene. We found that rivers containing the highest levels of potential cyanotoxin producing cyanobacteria consistently possess taxa with the genetic potential for cyanotoxin production and that, among these taxa, the predominant genus of origin for the mcyE gene is Microcystis. Combined, these data provide a unique perspective on cyanobacteria and potential cyanotoxin producing taxa that exist in large rivers across the U.S. and can be used to better understand the ambient conditions that may precede bloom events in lotic freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Linz
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nathan Sienkiewicz
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ian Struewing
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Jingrang Lu
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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69
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Huang H, Chen S, Xu Z, Wu Y, Mei L, Pan Y, Yan X, Zhou C. Comparative metabarcoding analysis of phytoplankton community composition and diversity in aquaculture water and the stomach contents of Tegillarca granosa during months of growth. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114556. [PMID: 36640496 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Filter-feeder bivalves and phytoplankton are interdependent. Their interaction plays important role in estuarine and coastal ecosystem. The correlation between bivalve feeding and phytoplankton is highly species specificity and environment dependent. In the background of miniature and nondiatom trend of phytoplankton in coastal seawaters, how bivalve respond and how the response play roles in the phytoplankton community are poorly known. In the present study, by applying DNA metabarcoding approach based on plastid 23S rDNA, this question was addressed by comparing the phytoplankton composition in the seston and the stomach content of blood clam Tegillarca granosa sampled during the growth period from March to November 2020 in an experimental farm on tidal flat in Xiangshan Bay, East China Sea. The result showed that, a total of seven phyla, 55 genera and 73 species of phytoplankton were identified for all samples. Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Cyanobacteria were found to be three dominant phyla both in the stomach contents and seston. High diversity of pico-sized phytoplankton, which was easy overlooked by microscopy, was revealed both in seston and stomach contents. This result indicated that the clam was able to feed on the pico-sized algae. At the genus level, the most abundant genera were the pico-sized green alga Ostreococcus (6.12 %-67.88 %) in seston and Picochlorum (4.07 %-35.33 %) in the stomach contents. In addition, microalgae of high nutritional value showed trend of higher proportion in stomach contents than that in seston, especially in July and September when significant growth of T. granosa was observed during this period (the body size increased 155 %). Biodiversity of phytoplankton in the seston was totally higher than that in stomach content, however, the changes among the months showed respective trend. Especially in July when the biodiversity was the lowest in seston, that in the stomach content showed the highest. The results indicated that blood clam farming might influence the phytoplankton composition, including those of pico-sized level, although the particular species in seston were mainly correlating with the dominant environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, pH respectively. These results extend the understanding of roles that bivalve aquaculture may play in the changing of coastal phytoplankton community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Huang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Sentao Chen
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Zhihui Xu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Yanhua Wu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Limin Mei
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Yuanbo Pan
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Pan L, He X, Chen J, Huang JJ, Wang Y, Liang S, Wang B. Detection, occurrence, influencing factors and environmental risks of paralytic shellfish toxins in seawater in a typical mariculture bay. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137372. [PMID: 36435314 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) producing algae are widely distributed in the global coastal aquatic environment, posing a threat to coastal ecosystem health and mariculture safety. However, the levels and potential environmental risks of PSTs frequently detected in shellfish remain largely unexplored in seawater of mariculture zones. In this study, a new method for trace detection of 13 common PSTs (<1.0 ng/L) in seawater was established based on off-line solid phase extraction (SPE) and on-line SPE-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS), and a systematic investigation of PSTs in seawater of the Laizhou Bay, a typical aquaculture bay in China, was conducted to understand their pollution status, environmental impact factors and ecological risks for the first time. Eleven PSTs were detected in the seawater of Laizhou Bay with total concentrations ranging from 0.75 to 349.47 ng/L (mean, 176.27 ng/L), which indicates the rich diversity of PSTs in the mariculture bay and demonstrates the reliability of the proposed analytical method. C1, C2, GTX2, GTX3, dcGTX2, and dcGTX3 were found to be the predominant PSTs, which refreshed the knowledge of PST contamination in the coastal aquatic environment. PST levels in seawater exhibited the highest levels in the southeastern mouth of Laizhou Bay and decreased toward the inner bay. Correlation analyses showed that climatic factors, nutrient status and hydrological conditions had significant effects on the distribution of PST in mariculture bay. Preliminary environmental risk assessments revealed that aquatic organisms throughout the waters of Laizhou Bay are at risk of chronic PST toxicity. These findings imply that the risk of PST in seawater of mariculture bay has previously been grossly underestimated, and that the coastal aquatic environment in North China and even the world may be at more serious risk of PST pollution, which should be taken seriously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering/Sino-Canada Joint R&D Centre for Water and Environmental Safety, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xiuping He
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jinhui Jeanne Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering/Sino-Canada Joint R&D Centre for Water and Environmental Safety, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yuning Wang
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Shengkang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Baodong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China
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71
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Aalto NJ, Schweitzer H, Grann-Meyer E, Krsmanovic S, Svenning JB, Dalheim L, Petters S, Ingebrigtsen RA, Hulatt CJ, Bernstein HC. Microbial Community Dynamics during a Harmful Chrysochromulina leadbeateri Bloom in Northern Norway. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0189522. [PMID: 36622180 PMCID: PMC9888202 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01895-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A harmful algal bloom occurred in late spring 2019 across multiple, interconnected fjords and bays in northern Norway. The event was caused by the haptophyte Chrysochromulina leadbeateri and led to severe fish mortality at several salmon aquaculture facilities. This study reports on the spatial and temporal succession dynamics of the holistic marine microbiome associated with this bloom by relating all detectable 18S and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence variants to the relative abundance of the C. leadbeateri focal taxon. A k-medoid clustering enabled inferences on how the causative focal taxon cobloomed with diverse groups of bacteria and microeukaryotes. These coblooming patterns showed high temporal variability and were distinct between two geographically separated time series stations during the regional harmful algal bloom. The distinct blooming patterns observed with respect to each station were poorly connected to environmental conditions, suggesting that other factors, such as biological interactions, may be at least as important in shaping the dynamics of this type of harmful algal bloom. A deeper understanding of microbiome succession patterns during these rare but destructive events will help guide future efforts to forecast deviations from the natural bloom cycles of the northern Norwegian coastal marine ecosystems that are home to intensive aquaculture activities. IMPORTANCE The 2019 Chrysochromulina leadbeateri bloom in northern Norway had a major impact on the local economy and society through its devastating effect on the aquaculture industry. However, many fail to remember that C. leadbeateri is, in fact, a common member of the seasonal marine microbiome and the same spring phytoplankton blooms that support the marine ecosystem. It is challenging to draw any conclusions about exact causation behind the harmful bloom of 2019, especially since the natural bloom cycles of C. leadbeateri are not well understood. This study begins to fill major knowledge gaps that may lead to future forecasting abilities, by providing a molecular-based investigation of the destructive 2019 bloom that presents new insights into a seasonal marine microbial ecosystem during one of these sporadically reoccurring events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea J. Aalto
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- The Arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hannah Schweitzer
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- The Arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Erlend Grann-Meyer
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Stina Krsmanovic
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jon B. Svenning
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Dalheim
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sebastian Petters
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Richard A. Ingebrigtsen
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Chris J. Hulatt
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Hans C. Bernstein
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- The Arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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72
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Zi Y, Barker JR, MacIsaac HJ, Zhang R, Gras R, Chiang YC, Zhou Y, Lu F, Cai W, Sun C, Chang X. Identification of neurotoxic compounds in cyanobacteria exudate mixtures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159257. [PMID: 36208737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Release of toxic cyanobacterial secondary metabolites threatens biosecurity, foodwebs and public health. Microcystis aeruginosa (Ma), the dominant species in global freshwater cyanobacterial blooms, produces exudates (MaE) that cause adverse outcomes including nerve damage. Previously, we identified > 300 chemicals in MaE. It is critical to investigate neurotoxicity mechanisms of active substances among this suite of Ma compounds. Here, we screened 103 neurotoxicity assays from the ToxCast database to reveal targets of action of MaE using machine learning. We then built a potential Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) to identify neurotoxicity mechanisms of MaE as well as key targets. Finally, we selected potential neurotoxins matched with those targets using molecular docking. We found 38 targets that were inhibited and eight targets that were activated, collectively mainly related to neurotransmission (i.e. cholinergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems). The potential AOP of MaE neurotoxicity could be caused by blocking calcium voltage-gated channel (CACNA1A), because of antagonizing neurotransmitter receptors, or because of inhibiting solute carrier transporters. We identified nine neurotoxic MaE compounds with high affinity to those targets, including LysoPC(16:0), 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, egonol glucoside, polyoxyethylene (600) monoricinoleate, and phytosphingosine. Our study enhances understanding of neurotoxicity mechanisms and identifies neurotoxins in cyanobacterial bloom exudates, which may help identify priority compounds for cyanobacteria management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyan Zi
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9 B 3P4, Canada
| | - Justin R Barker
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9 B 3P4, Canada
| | - Hugh J MacIsaac
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9 B 3P4, Canada
| | - Ruihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Robin Gras
- School of Computer Science, University of Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Ying-Chih Chiang
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Fangchi Lu
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Wenwen Cai
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9 B 3P4, Canada
| | - Chunxiao Sun
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9 B 3P4, Canada
| | - Xuexiu Chang
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9 B 3P4, Canada; College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
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73
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Recent developments in biosensing strategies for the detection of small molecular contaminants to ensure food safety in aquaculture and fisheries. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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74
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Gaonkar CC, Campbell L. Metabarcoding reveals high genetic diversity of harmful algae in the coastal waters of Texas, Gulf of Mexico. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 121:102368. [PMID: 36639185 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental-DNA (eDNA) for metabarcoding is a rapid and effective means to investigate microplankton community composition and species diversity. The objective of this study was to examine the genetic diversity of the phytoplankton community in the Gulf of Mexico, with particular emphasis on harmful algal bloom species. Samples were collected at stations along the coast of Texas in September-October 2017 that were inundated by low salinity waters in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey. Metabarcodes were generated from the eDNA targeting both the V4 and V8-V9 regions of the 18S rDNA gene. Evaluation of the metabarcodes revealed an unexpectedly high number of harmful algal species during this short period, including five that had not been documented in this region previously. A total of 36 harmful algal species could be differentiated based on V4 and V8-V9 metabarcode markers. Using a phylogenetic approach, the taxonomic resolution of each marker differed and not all species could be differentiated using solely one marker. The V4 region resolved species within some genera (e.g., Heterocapsa), while the V8-V9 marker was necessary to resolve species within other genera (e.g., Chattonella). In other cases, species differentiation within a genus required a combination of both markers (e.g., Prorocentrum, Karenia), or another marker will be needed to resolve all species (e.g., Alexandrium, Dinophysis). We conclude that no single marker can delineate all species, so it is recommended HAB monitoring programs use more than one marker. Overall, the observed diversity of HAB species along the Texas coast using metabarcoding exceeded reports from other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan C Gaonkar
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lisa Campbell
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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75
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Stoner O, Economou T, Torres R, Ashton I, Brown AR. Quantifying Spatio-temporal risk of Harmful Algal Blooms and their impacts on bivalve shellfish mariculture using a data-driven modelling approach. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 121:102363. [PMID: 36639184 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) intoxicate and asphyxiate marine life, causing devastating environmental and socio-economic impacts, costing at least $8bn/yr globally. Accumulation of phycotoxins from HAB phytoplankton in filter-feeding shellfish can poison human consumers, prompting harvesting closures at shellfish production sites. To quantify long-term intoxication risk from Dinophysis HAB species, we used historical HAB monitoring data (2009-2020) to develop a new modelling approach to predict Dinophysis toxin concentrations in a range of bivalve shellfish species at shellfish sites in Western Scotland, South-West England and Northern France. A spatiotemporal statistical modelling framework was developed within the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) framework to quantify long-term HAB risks for different bivalve shellfish species across each region, capturing seasonal variations, and spatiotemporal interactions. In all regions spatial functions were most important for predicting seasonal HAB risk, offering the potential to inform optimal siting of new shellfish operations and safe harvesting periods for businesses. A 10-fold cross-validation experiment was carried out for each region, to test the models' ability to predict toxin risk at harvesting locations for which data were withheld from the model. Performance was assessed by comparing ranked predicted and observed mean toxin levels at each site within each region: the correlation of ranks was 0.78 for Northern France, 0.64 for Western Scotland, and 0.34 for South-West England, indicating our approach has promise for predicting unknown HAB risk, depending on the region and suitability of training data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Stoner
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Theo Economou
- Climate and Atmospheric Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ricardo Torres
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, UK
| | - Ian Ashton
- Department of Engineering, University of Exeter, UK
| | - A Ross Brown
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, UK.
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76
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Qiu J, Zhang J, Li A. Cytotoxicity and intestinal permeability of phycotoxins assessed by the human Caco-2 cell model. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114447. [PMID: 38321666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Phycotoxins are a class of multiple natural metabolites produced by microalgae in marine and freshwater ecosystems that bioaccumulate in food webs, particularly in shellfish, having a great impact on human health. Phycotoxins are mainly leached and absorbed in the small intestine when human consumers accidentally ingest toxic aquatic products contaminated by them. To assess the intestinal uptake and damage of phycotoxins, a typical in vitro model was developed and widely applied using the human colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cell line. In this review, the application cases were summarized for multiple phycotoxins, including microcystins (MCs), cylindrospermopsins (CYNs), domoic acids (DAs), saxitoxins (STXs), palytoxins (PLTXs), okadaic acids (OAs), pectenotoxins (PTXs) and azaspiracids (AZAs). The results of the previous studies showed that each group of phycotoxins presented different cytotoxicity and mechanisms to Caco-2 cells, and significant discrepancies in the transport of phycotoxin across the Caco-2 cell monolayers. Therefore, this review describes the evaluation assays of the Caco-2 cell monolayer model, illustrates the principles of several primary cytotoxicity evaluation assays, and summarizes the cytotoxicity of each group of phycotoxins to Caco-2 cells line and their cellular transport, and finally proposes the development of multicellular intestinal models for future comprehensive studies on the toxicity and absorption of phycotoxins in the intestine. It will improve the understanding of Caco-2 cell monolayer models in the toxicology studies on phycotoxins and the potentially detrimental effects of microalgal toxins on the human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbing Qiu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jingrui Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Aifeng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China.
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77
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Li XY, Yu RC, Richardson AJ, Sun C, Eriksen R, Kong FZ, Zhou ZX, Geng HX, Zhang QC, Zhou MJ. Marked shifts of harmful algal blooms in the Bohai Sea linked with combined impacts of environmental changes. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 121:102370. [PMID: 36639187 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Bohai Sea, a semi-enclosed inland sea in China and an important mariculture region, has experienced extensive harmful algal blooms (HABs) and their negative impacts for several decades. To investigate the changes of HABs and their potential drivers over time and space, a dataset of 230 HAB events (1952-2017), along with corresponding environmental data (1990-2017) was compiled. The frequency of HAB events in the Bohai Sea has increased over time but plateaued in the last decade, and our analysis showed that history of HABs in the Bohai Sea could be categorized into three periods based on their frequency, scale, and HAB-forming species. The seasonal window of HAB events has started earlier and lasted longer, and the main hotspot has moved from Bohai Bay to coastal waters of Qinhuangdao over time. There were marked shifts in the representative HAB-forming microalgae, from dinoflagellates in the first period (before 2000) to haptophytes in the second period (2000-2009), and pelagophytes in the third period (2009 onwards). These community changes are accompanied by a trend toward diversification of HAB-forming microalgae, decrease in cell-size, and increase in negative impacts. Statistical analyses indicate that long-term changes in HABs in the Bohai Sea are linked with the combined effects of climate change, eutrophication and mariculture development. The results of the present study require to refine future monitoring programs, develop adaptive management strategies and predictive models for HABs in the Bohai Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Ren-Cheng Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Anthony J Richardson
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, Saint Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia; School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Chaojiao Sun
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Ruth Eriksen
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Fan-Zhou Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zheng-Xi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hui-Xia Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qing-Chun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ming-Jiang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
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78
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Cai G, Yu X, Cai R, Wang H. Eliminating the ecological hazards of Heterosigma akashiwo bloom by a microbial algicide: removal of nitrite contamination, redirection of carbon flow and restoration of metabolic generalists. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 99:6955817. [PMID: 36546573 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) attracted much attention due to their extensive ecological hazards and the increasing influences on global biogeochemical cycles with the intensification of human impact and global warming. Lysing algal cells with species-specific microbial algicide seemed to be promising to eliminate HABs, but the potential ecotoxicity was rarely studied. In this study, microcosms simulating Heterosigma akashiwo blooms were established to reveal the influences of a microbial algicide from Streptomyces sp. U3 on the biological, physicochemical parameters and bacterial community. The results showed that H. akashiwo bloom accumulated nitrite to a lethal dose, produced bio-labile DOM with widespread influences and enriched pathogenic Coxiella to a high abundance. Lysing H. akashiwo cells by microbial algicide induced a bacterial bloom, eliminated nitrite contamination, enhanced the recalcitrance of DOM, and restored bacterial population from a Gammaproteobacteria-dominant community during bloom back to an Alphaproteobacteria-dominant community similar to the non-bloom seawater. Succession of bacterial genera further suggested that the variation from algal exudates to lysates promoted the restoration of metabolic generalists, which redirected the carbon flow to a less ecologically impactive path. This study revealed the benefits of using microbial algicide to remediate the ecological hazards of HABs, which provided references for future application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjing Cai
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Runlin Cai
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
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79
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Orlova TY, Aleksanin AI, Lepskaya EV, Efimova KV, Selina MS, Morozova TV, Stonik IV, Kachur VA, Karpenko AA, Vinnikov KA, Adrianov AV, Iwataki M. A massive bloom of Karenia species (Dinophyceae) off the Kamchatka coast, Russia, in the fall of 2020. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 120:102337. [PMID: 36470601 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the fall of 2020, a long-lasting and massive harmful algal bloom (HAB) with extensive fields of yellow sea foam was observed in relatively cold waters (7-13 °C) off the coasts of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. According to the estimates based on bio-optical parameters in satellite imagery, the Kamchatka bloom 2020 lasted for two months and covered a vast area of more than 300 × 100 km. An abundance of dead fish and invertebrates, including sea urchins, sea anemones, chitons, cephalopods, bivalves were found on shore during the bloom. Animals suffered almost 100% mortality within a depth range between 5 and 20 m. To identify the causative microalgal species, light and scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and molecular phylogenetic approaches were used. The HAB area was estimated by the spectral analysis of satellite-derived imagery. The causative organisms were unarmored dinoflagellates of Karenia species. Their density and biomass reached 100-620 cells·mL-1 and 1300-7700 mg·m-3, respectively, which accounted for 31-99% of the total cell density and 82-99% of the total phytoplankton biomass in late September to mid-October. The dominant species was Karenia selliformis, and the other co-occurring kareniacean species were K. cf. cristata, K. mikimotoi, K. papilionacea, K. longicanalis, and two unidentified morphotypes of Karenia spp. The molecular phylogeny inferred from LSU rDNA and ITS region showed that K. selliformis from Kamchatka in 2020 belonged to the cold-water group I and was identical to K. selliformis strains from Hokkaido, Japan, identified in 2021. This is the first HAB event caused by K. selliformis recorded from Russian coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Y Orlova
- Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia.
| | - Anatoly I Aleksanin
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690922, Russia; The Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Lepskaya
- Kamchatka Branch of Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (KamchatNIRO), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 683000, Russia
| | - Kseniya V Efimova
- Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Marina S Selina
- Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Morozova
- Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Inna V Stonik
- Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Vasily A Kachur
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690922, Russia; The Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - Alexander A Karpenko
- Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | | | - Andrey V Adrianov
- Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Mitsunori Iwataki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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80
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Telesh IV, Skarlato SO. Harmful Blooms of Potentially Toxic Dinoflagellates in the Baltic Sea: Ecological, Cellular, and Molecular Background. RUSS J ECOL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413622060157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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81
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Wu X, Liu Y, Weng Y, Li L, Lin S. Isolation, identification and toxicity of three strains of Heterocapsa (Dinophyceae) in a harmful event in Fujian, China. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 120:102355. [PMID: 36470604 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heterocapsa is a genus of dinoflagellates including species that can form harmful algae blooms (HABs) and cause deleterious ecological effects. To date two species ( H circularisquama and H bohaiensis) are known to be toxic. Here we isolated three strains of Heterocapsa from a multi-species dinoflagellate bloom in the aquaculture area of Fujian, China in June, 2019 that caused mass mortality of farmed abalone. Morphological analysis using light, transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy along with phylogenetic analyses with small (SSU) and large (LSU) subunit rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequences showed that these strains were H. cf. niei H. horiguchii, and H. cf. pygmaea, respectively. Furthermore, rabbit erythrocyte assay revealed hemolytic activity in all three strains in cell density dependent fashion, and only in the presence of light. In addition, the strains caused significant mortality of Artemia salina, and the toxicity was also cell density dependent. The Heterocapsa cultures and toxicity information obtained in this study expanded our knowledge of toxic species of Heterocapsa, and will facilitate further investigating the mechanism of their toxicity and developing monitoring tools for their blooms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yinglin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yubin Weng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Coast and Island Management Technology Study, Fujian Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Senjie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340, USA; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen 361102, China.
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82
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Rattner BA, Wazniak CE, Lankton JS, McGowan PC, Drovetski SV, Egerton TA. Review of harmful algal bloom effects on birds with implications for avian wildlife in the Chesapeake Bay region. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 120:102319. [PMID: 36470599 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Chesapeake Bay, along the mid-Atlantic coast of North America, is the largest estuary in the United States and provides critical habitat for wildlife. In contrast to point and non-point source release of pesticides, metals, and industrial, personal care and household use chemicals on biota in this watershed, there has only been scant attention to potential exposure and effects of algal toxins on wildlife in the Chesapeake Bay region. As background, we first review the scientific literature on algal toxins and harmful algal bloom (HAB) events in various regions of the world that principally affected birds, and to a lesser degree other wildlife. To examine the situation for the Chesapeake, we compiled information from government reports and databases summarizing wildlife mortality events for 2000 through 2020 that were associated with potentially toxic algae and HAB events. Summary findings indicate that there have been few wildlife mortality incidents definitively linked to HABs, other mortality events that were suspected to be related to HABs, and more instances in which HABs may have indirectly contributed to or occurred coincident with wildlife mortality. The dominant toxins found in the Chesapeake Bay drainage that could potentially affect wildlife are microcystins, with concentrations in water approaching or exceeding human-based thresholds for ceasing recreational use and drinking water at a number of locations. As an increasing trend in HAB events in the U.S. and in the Chesapeake Bay have been reported, additional information on HAB toxin exposure routes, comparative sensitivity among species, consequences of sublethal exposure, and better diagnostic and risk criteria would greatly assist in predicting algal toxin hazard and risks to wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnett A Rattner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Patuxent Research Refuge, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Catherine E Wazniak
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Resource Assessment Service, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA
| | - Julia S Lankton
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Peter C McGowan
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA
| | - Serguei V Drovetski
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Patuxent Research Refuge, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Todd A Egerton
- Virginia Department of Health, Division of Shellfish Safety and Waterborne Hazards, Norfolk, VA 23510, USA
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83
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Melnikova AA, Komova AV, Namsaraev ZB. Trends and Driving Forces of Cyanobacterial Blooms in Russia in the 20th and Early 21st Centuries. Microbiology (Reading) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261722101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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84
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Hammond SW, Lodolo L, Hu SK, Pasulka AL. Methodological 'lenses' influence the characterization of phytoplankton dynamics in a coastal upwelling ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:897-906. [PMID: 36071313 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New technologies enable the opportunity to improve our monitoring and understanding of marine phytoplankton communities. However, careful consideration for how different methodological approaches, or 'lenses', influence our interpretation of phytoplankton ecology is important, particularly when drawing conclusions about change over time or space. Using both high-throughput 18S rRNA gene sequencing and microscopy, we explored how phytoplankton community structure varied over the course of a year within a nearshore semi-enclosed coastal embayment along the Central Coast of California. The seasonal shift in the relative community dominance (i.e., diatom vs. dinoflagellate dominance) was captured in the microscopy results but not effectively captured in the molecular-based findings. However, the molecular approach explained more of the variability in composition across seasons relative to the microscopy approach. Temporal dynamics of specific bloom-forming taxa also differed between the molecular and microscopy results. Overall, the observed differences between the molecular- and microscopy-derived characterization of phytoplankton dynamics suggest that the approaches are best suited to answer different research questions. Moreover, the approaches complement each other for a more comprehensive perspective of a coastal phytoplankton ecosystem. Therefore, identifying the biases of each approach within natural communities is necessary to effectively and accurately characterize phytoplankton communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S William Hammond
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
| | - Laura Lodolo
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
| | - Sarah K Hu
- Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexis L Pasulka
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
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85
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Leal JF, Bombo G, Pereira H, Vicente B, Amorim A, Cristiano MLS. Toxin Profile of Two Gymnodinium catenatum Strains from Iberian Coastal Waters. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:762. [PMID: 36356012 PMCID: PMC9699220 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gymnodinium catenatum has been the main species responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning events along the Portuguese coast (Iberian Peninsula), causing bans on bivalve harvesting that result in huge economic losses. This work presents the characterization of two novel isolates of G. catenatum regarding their growth and toxin profiles. Laboratory growth experiments revealed that, although low growth rates were obtained during cultivation, the cell yields were high compared to those reported in the literature. Evaluation of the toxin profiles, by HPLC-FLD, essentially confirmed the typical composition of toxins of this regional population (Iberian Peninsula), namely, the absence or low representation of the toxins dcNEO, GTX1,4 and NEO and a higher ratio of the toxins C1,2, GTX6 and GTX5. However, the percentage of the identified toxins varied among the strains of this study (under the same isolation, growth, and analysis conditions), and also differed from that of other strains described in the literature. Interestingly, we found a comparatively high abundance of dcSTX in both strains, relative to the other toxins, and an unquantifiable amount of C3,4 toxins. In addition to the geographic relationship between toxin profiles, chemical conversions among toxins may explain some differences encountered in the toxin profiles of G. catenatum strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana F. Leal
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR) and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Bombo
- GreenCoLab, Green Ocean Association, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Hugo Pereira
- GreenCoLab, Green Ocean Association, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Vicente
- Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Amorim
- Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria L. S. Cristiano
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR) and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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86
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Klemm K, Cembella A, Clarke D, Cusack C, Arneborg L, Karlson B, Liu Y, Naustvoll L, Siano R, Gran-Stadniczeñko S, John U. Apparent biogeographical trends in Alexandrium blooms for northern Europe: identifying links to climate change and effective adaptive actions. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 119:102335. [PMID: 36344194 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium Halim represents perhaps the most significant and intensively studied genus with respect to species diversity, life history strategies, toxigenicity, biogeographical distribution, and global magnitude and consequences harmful algal blooms (HABs). The socioeconomic impacts, environmental and human health risks, and mitigation strategies for toxigenic Alexandrium blooms have also been explored in recent years. Human adaptive actions based on future scenarios of bloom dynamics and shifts in biogeographical distribution under climate-change parameters remain under development and not yet implemented on a regional scale. In the CoCliME (Co-development of climate services for adaptation to changing marine ecosystems) project these issues were addressed with respect to past, current and anticipated future status of key HAB genera and expected benefits of enhanced monitoring. Data on the distribution and frequency of Alexandrium blooms related to paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) events from key CoCliME Case Study areas, comprising the North Sea and adjacent Kattegat-Skagerrak, Norwegian Sea, and Baltic Sea, and eastern North Atlantic marginal seas, were evaluated in a contemporary and historical context over the past several decades. The first evidence of possible biogeographical expansion of Alexandrium taxa into eastern Arctic gateways was provided from DNA barcoding signatures. Various key climate change indicators, such as salinity, temperature, and water-column stratification, relevant to Alexandrium bloom initiation and development were identified. The possible influence of changing variables on bloom dynamics, magnitude, frequency and spatial and temporal distribution were interpreted in the context of regional ocean climate models. These climate change impact indicators may play key roles in selecting for the occurrence and diversity of Alexandrium species within the broader microeukaryote communities. For example, shifts to higher temperature and lower salinity regimes predicted for the southern North Sea indicate the potential for increased Alexandrium blooms, currently absent from this area. Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of Alexandrium blooms and effects on fisheries and aquaculture resources and coastal ecosystem function are evaluated, and, where feasible, effective adaptation strategies are proposed herein as emerging climate services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Klemm
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Allan Cembella
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany
| | - Dave Clarke
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Lars Arneborg
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Research and development, oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, Västra Frölunda, SE-426 71, Sweden
| | - Bengt Karlson
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Research and development, oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, Västra Frölunda, SE-426 71, Sweden
| | - Ye Liu
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Research and development, oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, Västra Frölunda, SE-426 71, Sweden
| | - Lars Naustvoll
- Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, Bergen NO-5817, Norway
| | | | - Sandra Gran-Stadniczeñko
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Uwe John
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, Oldenburg 26129, Germany.
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87
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Rodríguez-Villegas C, Díaz PA, Salgado P, Tomasetti SJ, Díaz M, Marín SL, Baldrich ÁM, Niklitschek E, Pino L, Matamala T, Espinoza K, Figueroa RI. The role of physico-chemical interactions in the seasonality of toxic dinoflagellate cyst assemblages: The case of the NW Patagonian fjords system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119901. [PMID: 35963388 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are recurrent in the NW Patagonia fjords system and their frequency has increased over the last few decades. Outbreaks of HAB species such as Alexandrium catenella, a causal agent of paralytic shellfish poisoning, and Protoceratium reticulatum, a yessotoxins producer, have raised considerable concern due to their adverse socioeconomic consequences. Monitoring programs have mainly focused on their planktonic stages, but since these species produce benthic resting cysts, the factors influencing cyst distributions are increasingly gaining recognition as potentially important to HAB recurrence in some regions. Still, a holistic understanding of the physico-chemical conditions influencing cyst distribution in this region is lacking, especially as it relates to seasonal changes in drivers of cyst distributions, as the characteristics that favor cyst preservation in the sediment may change through the seasons. In this study, we analyzed the physico-chemical properties of the sediment (temperature, pH, redox potential) and measured the bottom dissolved oxygen levels in a "hotspot" area of southern Chile, sampling during the spring and summer as well as the fall and winter, to determine the role these factors may play as modulators of dinoflagellate cyst distribution, and specifically for the cysts of A. catenella and P. reticulatum. A permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) showed the significant effect of sediment redox conditions in explaining the differences in the cyst assemblages between spring-summer and fall-winter periods (seasonality). In a generalized linear model (GLM), sediment redox potential and pH were associated with the highest abundances of A. catenella resting cysts in the spring-summer, however it was sediment temperature that most explained the distribution of A. catenella in the fall-winter. For P. reticulatum, only spring-summer sediment redox potential and temperature explained the variation in cyst abundances. The implications of environmental (physico-chemical) seasonality for the resting cysts dynamics of both species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Rodríguez-Villegas
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Conservación y Manejo de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino Chinquihue Km 6, Puerto Montt, Chile; Centro i∼mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile; CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile.
| | - Patricio A Díaz
- Centro i∼mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile; CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Pablo Salgado
- Centro de Estudios de Algas Nocivas (CREAN), Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Enrique Abello 0552, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | | | - Manuel Díaz
- Programa de Investigación Pesquera, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile; Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Sandra L Marín
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Ángela M Baldrich
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Conservación y Manejo de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino Chinquihue Km 6, Puerto Montt, Chile; Centro i∼mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile; CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Edwin Niklitschek
- Centro i∼mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Loreto Pino
- Programa de Investigación Pesquera, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Thamara Matamala
- Programa de Investigación Pesquera, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Katherine Espinoza
- Programa de Investigación Pesquera, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Rosa I Figueroa
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain
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88
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Jang MTG, Alcântara E, Rodrigues T, Park E, Ogashawara I, Marengo JA. Increased chlorophyll-a concentration in Barra Bonita reservoir during extreme drought periods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:157106. [PMID: 35779719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate projections models indicate that longer periods of droughts are expected within the next 100 years in various parts of South America. To understand the effects of longer periods of droughts on aquatic environments, we investigated the response of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration to recent severe drought events in the Barra Bonita Hydroelectric Reservoir (BBHR) in São Paulo State, Brazil. We used satellite imagery to estimate the Chl-a concentration from 2014 to 2020 using the Slope Index (NRMSE of 18.92% and bias of -0.20 mg m-3). Ancillary data such as precipitation, water level and air temperature from the same period were also used. Drought events were identified using the standardized precipitation index (SPI). In addition, we computed the probability of future drought events. Two periods showed extremely dry conditions: 1) January-February (2014) and 2) April-May (2020). Both periods were characterized by a recurrence probability of 1in every 50 years. The highest correlation was observed between Chl-a concentration and SPI (-0.97) in 2014, while Chl-a had had the highest correlation with water level (-0.59) in 2020. These results provide new insights into the influence of extreme drought events on the Chl-a concentration in the BBHR and their relationship with other climate variables and reservoir water levels. Drought events imply less rainfall, higher temperatures, and atmospheric dryness, and these factors affect evaporation and the water levels in the reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Tae Geun Jang
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enner Alcântara
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thanan Rodrigues
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Edward Park
- National Institute of Education and Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Igor Ogashawara
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775, Stechlin, OT, Neuglobsow, Germany
| | - José A Marengo
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (Cemaden), São José dos Campos, Brazil
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89
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Ramírez FJ, Guinder VA, Ferronato C, Krock B. Increase in records of toxic phytoplankton and associated toxins in water samples in the Patagonian Shelf (Argentina) over 40 years of field surveys. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 118:102317. [PMID: 36195419 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Historical records (1980-2018) of potentially toxic phytoplankton and phycotoxins on the Argentine Continental Shelf (35°S-56.5°S) and adjacent ocean waters were systematically reviewed from scientific literature to assess their abundance and diversity over spatial and temporal scales. Records increased from 124 in the period 1980-1992 to 638 in 2006-2018, and the scanned area expanded from coastal to offshore waters including the shelf-break front. Alexandrium was the most reported genus (54%) during 1980-1992 and Pseudo-nitzschia (52%) during 1993-2005. By 2006-2018, a higher diversity was documented: Alexandrium (20%), Dinophysis (32%), Pseudo-nitzschia (31%), and the most recently described potentially toxic dinoflagellates of the family Amphidomataceae (8%). Likewise, a wider spectrum of phycotoxins was documented in the last decade, with lipophilic (LSTs) and paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) as the most recorded. Increased records are related to intensified monitoring, more detailed taxonomic analyses and more sensitive chemical techniques for marine biotoxin detection. This quantitative assessment brings light to the widespread occurrence of HABs along contrasting areas of the Patagonian Shelf and sets the basis for ecosystem risk evaluation. Moreover, comparison of toxic phytoplankton reported in the SW Atlantic with those in similar temperate seas in the North Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean, disclose ocean basin differences in strain toxicity of A. ostenfeldii, D. tripos and Azadinium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J Ramírez
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), B8000FWB Bahía Blanca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Valeria A Guinder
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), B8000FWB Bahía Blanca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Carola Ferronato
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), B8000FWB Bahía Blanca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Bernd Krock
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
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90
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Qiu J, Zhang L, Cao Y, Zhao P, Zhang J, Li A. Bioaccessibility of paralytic shellfish toxins in different cooked shellfish using the simulated digestive model. Food Chem 2022; 390:133094. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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91
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Thangaraj S, Liu H, Kim IN, Sun J. Acclimation traits determine the macromolecular basis of harmful dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum in response to changing climate conditions. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 118:102313. [PMID: 36195427 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ocean warming and acidification are expected to have profound impacts on the marine ecosystem, although the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum is reported to be acclimated to such conditions. However, it is unknown on the transition time scale how this species physiologically adjusts their element accumulation and associated resource allocation for this process. We designed a set of experiments to examine how different culture generations (1st, 5th, and 10th) change their cell physiology, cellular quotas and macromolecular cellular contents related to functional processes in A. minutum grown with future (pCO2, 1000 ppm; 25°C) and present (pCO2, 400 ppm; 21°C) ocean conditions. The differing cell sizes and storage capacity at different generations confirmed that compared to ancestors (1st generation), acclimation cells (10th generation) gained increases in quota carbon (QC; 55%; [p < 0.05]) and quota phosphate (QP; 23% [ p < 0.05]). This variation in C:P and N:P influences was transition-specific and largely determined by phosphate-based molecules. It was observed that A. minutum was initially dependent on P molecules, which help cells act as alternative lipids for quick acclimation until N molecules resume carbon-based lipids for their long-term acclimation. Our study demonstrated that rising temperature and pCO2 concentrations in ocean may increase A. minutum based on the comprehensive analysis of different physiological modifications, including its growth, element accumulation, transformation, and functional allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheeswaran Thangaraj
- Institute for Advanced Marine Research, China University of Geosciences, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Haijiao Liu
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Il-Nam Kim
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jun Sun
- Institute for Advanced Marine Research, China University of Geosciences, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.
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92
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Kourantidou M, Jin D, Schumacker EJ. Socioeconomic disruptions of harmful algal blooms in indigenous communities: The case of Quinault Indian nation. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 118:102316. [PMID: 36195430 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been a pervasive challenge across coastal communities of the U.S. West Coast in recent years negatively affecting local economies and livelihoods. We focus on the effects of HABs to the Quinault Indian Nation (QIN) triggered by Pseudo-nitzschia that produce the toxin domoic acid (DA). This toxin accumulates in filter feeders and poses threats to human health via shellfish consumption. Consumption of razor clams with high levels of DA and Dungeness crab that prey on them can cause amnesic shellfish poisoning in humans and therefore requires closure of commercial, recreational and subsistence fisheries, postponing or limiting harvesting seasons. These disruptions result in significant losses in revenues along with negative effects to sociocultural dimensions of key importance to coastal communities. Livelihoods and wellbeing of tribal communities are affected disproportionately due to higher vulnerability and reliance on these marine resources for subsistence. We assess these effects at multiple levels for the QIN and discuss and reflect, through a tribal lens, upon advances and opportunities for impact mitigation and adaptation in the face of HABs, along with persisting challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Kourantidou
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States; University of Southern Denmark, Department of Sociology, Environmental and Business Economics, Degnevej 14, Esbjerg Ø DK-6705, Denmark.
| | - Di Jin
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States
| | - Ervin Joe Schumacker
- Quinault Fisheries Department, Quinault Indian Nation, Taholah, WA 98587, United States
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93
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Borges FO, Lopes VM, Amorim A, Santos CF, Costa PR, Rosa R. Projecting Future Climate Change-Mediated Impacts in Three Paralytic Shellfish Toxins-Producing Dinoflagellate Species. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1424. [PMID: 36290328 PMCID: PMC9598431 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Toxin-producing microalgae present a significant environmental risk for ecosystems and human societies when they reach concentrations that affect other aquatic organisms or human health. Harmful algal blooms (HAB) have been linked to mass wildlife die-offs and human food poisoning episodes, and climate change has the potential to alter the frequency, magnitude, and geographical extent of such events. Thus, a framework of species distribution models (SDMs), employing MaxEnt modeling, was used to project changes in habitat suitability and distribution of three key paralytic shellfish toxin (PST)-producing dinoflagellate species (i.e., Alexandrium catenella, A. minutum, and Gymnodinium catenatum), up to 2050 and 2100, across four representative concentration pathway scenarios (RCP-2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5; CMIP5). Despite slightly different responses at the regional level, the global habitat suitability has decreased for all the species, leading to an overall contraction in their tropical and sub-tropical ranges, while considerable expansions are projected in higher latitudes, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, suggesting poleward distributional shifts. Such trends were exacerbated with increasing RCP severity. Yet, further research is required, with a greater assemblage of environmental predictors and improved occurrence datasets, to gain a more holistic understanding of the potential impacts of climate change on PST-producing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco O. Borges
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanessa M. Lopes
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Amorim
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina F. Santos
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Reis Costa
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), 1749-077 Lisboa, Portugal
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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94
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da Silva CA, Mafra LL, Rossi GR, da Silva Trindade E, Matias WG. A simple method to evaluate the toxic effects of Prorocentrum lima extracts to fish (sea bass) kidney cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 85:105476. [PMID: 36126776 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) okadaic acid (OA) and its analogues - the dinophysistoxins (DTXs) - are produced by dinoflagellates such as Prorocentrum lima and can bioaccumulate in filter-feeding organisms as they are transferred through the food web. Although there is no assessment of the harmful effects of these toxins on the fish's immune system, this study developed a primary culture protocol for kidney cells from marine fish Centropomus parallelus and evaluated the immunotoxic effects to P. lima extracts containing DSTs. The cells were obtained by mechanical dissociation, segregated with Percoll gradient, and incubated for 24 h at 28 °C in a Leibovitz culture medium supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics. The exposed cells were evaluated in flow cytometry using the CD54 PE antibody. We obtained >5.0 × 106 viable cells per 1.0 g of tissue that exhibited no cell differentiation. Exposure to 1.2 or 12 ng DST mL-1 stimulated the immune system activation and increased the proportion of activated macrophages and monocytes in 48 to 52% and in 127 to 146%, respectively. The protocol proved to be an alternative tool to assess the immunotoxic effects of DST exposure on fish's anterior kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Aparecido da Silva
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Beira-mar, s/n, P.O. Box: 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR 83255-976, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Laureno Mafra
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Beira-mar, s/n, P.O. Box: 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR 83255-976, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Rossi
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel Francisco H dos Santos, Curitiba, PR 81530-980, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo da Silva Trindade
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel Francisco H dos Santos, Curitiba, PR 81530-980, Brazil
| | - William Gerson Matias
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Departament of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC 88010-970, Brazil
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95
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Agathokleous E, Peñuelas J, Azevedo RA, Rillig MC, Sun H, Calabrese EJ. Low Levels of Contaminants Stimulate Harmful Algal Organisms and Enrich Their Toxins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11991-12002. [PMID: 35968681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A widespread increase in intense phytoplankton blooms has been noted in lakes worldwide since the 1980s, with the summertime peak intensity amplifying in most lakes. Such blooms cause annual economic losses of multibillion USD and present a major challenge, affecting 11 out of the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Here, we evaluate recent scientific evidence for hormetic effects of emerging contaminants and regulated pollutants on Microcystis sp., the most notorious cyanobacteria forming harmful algal blooms and releasing phycotoxins in eutrophic freshwater systems. This new evidence leads to the conclusion that pollution is linked to algal bloom intensification. Concentrations of contaminants that are considerably smaller than the threshold for toxicity enhance the formation of harmful colonies, increase the production of phycotoxins and their release into the environment, and lower the efficacy of algaecides to control algal blooms. The low-dose enhancement of microcystins is attributed to the up-regulation of a protein controlling microcystin release (McyH) and various microcystin synthetases in tandem with the global nitrogen regulator Ycf28, nonribosomal peptide synthetases, and several ATP-binding cassette transport proteins. Given that colony formation and phycotoxin production and release are enhanced by contaminant concentrations smaller than the toxicological threshold and are widely occurring in the environment, the effect of contaminants on harmful algal blooms is more prevalent than previously thought. Climate change and nutrient enrichment, known mechanisms underpinning algal blooms, are thus joined by low-level pollutants as another causal mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia 08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Ricardo A Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Morrill I, N344, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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96
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Li H, Qin C, He W, Sun F, Du P. Investigating the sub-daily dynamics of cyanobacterial blooms by coupling high-frequency time-series remote sensing with hydro-ecological modelling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115311. [PMID: 35751230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (CyanoHABs) are a health-threatening and increasingly prevalent environmental issue at both regional and global levels. An improved understanding of the short-term dynamics of CyanoHABs is required to better capture their spatial pattern and temporal evolution. However, the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of CyanoHABs, and the interacting factors and processes that drive them, make interpreting and predicting the blooms a very challenging task. In this paper, we used an integrative approach that combines high-frequency time-series remote sensing with hydro-ecological modelling, to reproduce and investigate the sub-daily dynamics of CyanoHABs in Taihu Lake. Results show that the distribution of CyanoHABs is highly patchy and dynamic without intensive wind-induced circulation and turbulence, which suggests that the dynamic pattern may be largely caused by the migratory behavior of cyanobacteria. The hydro-ecological model well reproduced the observed pattern and trend, and the average of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) were 9.82 μg/L and 0.52, respectively. Results from sensitivity analysis suggest that photosynthesis rate and respiration rate are two most influential model parameters. Conclusively, there is a lack of adequate representation of physiological processes in currently used modelling framework, thereby suggesting the need for microscale modelling for future modelling exercises of CyanoHABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chengxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weiqi He
- Research Institute of Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua University, Suzhou, 215163, China.
| | - Fu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Pengfei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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97
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Fernández-Zabala J, Amorim A, Tuya F, Herrera R, Soler-Onís E. Playing hide and seek: Distribution with depth of potentially harmful epibenthic dinoflagellates of Southern El Hierro Island, Canary Islands (NE Atlantic). HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 117:102271. [PMID: 35944952 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study of epibenthic assemblages of harmful dinoflagellates (BHABs) is commonly conducted in shallow infralittoral zones (0 - 5 m) and are seldom investigated at deeper waters. In this study, the distribution with depth of five BHAB genera (Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, Prorocentrum, Coolia and Amphidinium) was investigated in the south of El Hierro island (Canary Islands, Spain). Sampling involved the use of a standardized artificial substrate deployed at three depth levels (5, 10 and 20 m) that were visited at three different times throughout one year. The influence of three depth-correlated abiotic parameters, i.e. light, water motion and water temperature, on the vertical and seasonal distribution of the BHAB assemblage was also assessed. Two vertical distribution patterns were observed consistently through time: cell abundances of Ostreopsis and Coolia decreased from 5 to 20 m while those of Gambierdiscus, Prorocentrum and Amphidinium showed the reverse pattern, although significant differences were only observed between 5 and 10 - 20 m depth. In April, two members of the latter group, Gambierdiscus and Amphidinium, were even absent at 5 m depth. The recorded environmental parameters explained a high percentage of the observed distribution. In particular, model selection statistical approaches indicated that water motion was the most significant parameter. An analysis of Gambierdiscus at species level revealed the co-occurrence of four species in the study area: G. australes, G. belizeanus, G. caribaeus and G. excentricus. The species G. excentricus, reported here for the first time in El Hierro, showed a more restricted vertical and seasonal distribution than the other species, which may explain not being detected in previous studies in the area. The results obtained in this study highlight the importance of considering a wider depth range and different seasons of the year when investigating the ecology of BHABs and assessing their risk and impacts on human health and the environment. Only then, efficient monitoring programs will be implemented in the Canary Islands and globally in areas affected by these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fernández-Zabala
- Observatorio Canario de HABs, FCPCT-ULPGC, Parque Científico Tecnológico Marino de Taliarte, 35214 Taliarte, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain; Grupo de Ecofisiología Marina (EOMAR), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira, 35017, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Ana Amorim
- MARE-Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando Tuya
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación (BIOCON), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Rogelio Herrera
- Servicio de Biodiversidad, Viceconsejería de Medio Ambiente, Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Medio Ambiente, 35003, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Emilio Soler-Onís
- Observatorio Canario de HABs, FCPCT-ULPGC, Parque Científico Tecnológico Marino de Taliarte, 35214 Taliarte, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain; Grupo de Ecofisiología Marina (EOMAR), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira, 35017, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
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98
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Song X, Lin S, Hu Z, Liu Y, Deng Y, Tang YZ. Possible functions of CobW domain-containing (CBWD) genes in dinoflagellates using Karlodinium veneficum as a representative. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 117:102274. [PMID: 35944961 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since > 91% of dinoflagellates are proven auxotrophs of vitamin B12 and the cobalamin synthetase W (CobW) is a key gene involved in vitamin B12 synthesis pathway, a number of CobW domain-containing (CBWD) genes in dinoflagellates (DinoCBWDs) were surprisedly found from our transcriptomic and meta-transcriptomic studies. A total of 88 DinoCBWD genes were identified from the genomes and transcriptomes of four dinoflagellates, with five being cloned for full-lengths and characterized using the cosmopolitan and ecologically-important dinoflagellates Karlodinium veneficum and Scrippsiella trochoidea (synonym of Scrippsiella acuminata). DinoCBWDs were verified being irrelevant to vitamin B12 biosynthesis due to their transcriptions irresponsive to vitamin B12 levels and their phylogenetic positions. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis demonstrated 75 out of the 88 DinoCBWD genes identified belong to three subfamilies of COG0523 protein family, of which most prokaryotic members are reported to be metallochaperones and the eukaryotic members are ubiquitously found but mostly unknown for their functions. Our results from K. veneficum demonstrated DinoCBWDs are associated with metal homeostasis and other divergent functions, with four KvCBWDs involving in zinc homeostasis and KvCBWD1 likely functioning as Fe-type nitrile hydratase activator. In addition, conserved motif analysis revealed the structural foundation of KvCBWD proteins that are consistent with previously described CBWD proteins with GTPase activity and metal binding. Our results provide a stepping-stone toward better understanding the functions of DinoCBWDs and the COG0523 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Siheng Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhangxi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yunyan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ying Zhong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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99
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Van Hemert C, Harley JR, Baluss G, Smith MM, Dusek RJ, Lankton JS, Hardison DR, Schoen SK, Kaler RSA. Paralytic shellfish toxins associated with Arctic Tern mortalities in Alaska. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 117:102270. [PMID: 35944958 PMCID: PMC10237520 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms produce biotoxins that can injure or kill fish, wildlife, and humans. These blooms occur naturally but have intensified in many locations globally due to recent climatic changes, including ocean warming. Such changes are especially pronounced in northern regions, where the effects of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) on marine wildlife are of growing concern. In Alaska, seabird mortality events have increased in frequency, magnitude, and duration since 2015 alongside anomalously high ocean temperatures. Although starvation has been implicated as the apparent cause of death in many of these die-offs, saxitoxin (STX) and other PSTs have been identified as possible contributing factors. Here, we describe a mortality event at a nesting colony of Arctic Terns (Sterna paradisaea) near Juneau, Alaska in 2019 and report elevated concentrations of PSTs in bird, forage fish, and mussel samples. Concentrations of STX and other PSTs in tern tissues (2.5-51.2 µg 100g-1 STX-equivalents [STX-eq]) were of similar magnitude to those reported from other PST-induced bird die-offs. We documented high PST concentrations in blue mussels (>11,000 µg 100g-1 STX-eq; Mytilus edulis spp.) collected from nearby beaches, as well as in forage fish (up to 494 µg 100g-1 STX-eq) retrieved from Arctic Tern nests, thereby providing direct evidence of PST exposure via the terns' prey. At maximum concentrations measured in this study, a single 5 g Pacific Sand Lance (Ammodytes personatus) could exceed the median lethal STX dose (LD50) currently estimated for birds, offering strong support for PSTs as a likely source of tern mortality. In addition to describing this localized bird mortality event, we used existing energetics data from adult and nestling Arctic Terns to calculate estimated cumulative daily PST exposure based on ecologically relevant concentrations in forage fish. Our estimates revealed potentially lethal levels of PST exposure even at relatively low (≤30 ug 100g-1 STX-eq) toxin concentrations in prey. These findings suggest that PSTs present a significant hazard to Arctic Terns and other northern seabirds and should be included in future investigations of avian mortality events as well as assessments of population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Van Hemert
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA.
| | - John R Harley
- Alaska Coastal Rainforest Center, University of Alaska Southeast, 11066 Auke Lake Way, Juneau AK, 99801, USA
| | - Gwen Baluss
- U.S. Forest Service, Juneau Ranger District, 8510 Mendenhall Loop Road, Juneau, AK, 99801, USA
| | - Matthew M Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Robert J Dusek
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Julia S Lankton
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - D Ransom Hardison
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Stressor Detection and Impacts Division, National Center for Coastal Ocean Sciences Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Pivers Road, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA
| | - Sarah K Schoen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Robert S A Kaler
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management, 1011 East Tudor Road, Anchorage, AK, 99503, USA
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Mugani R, El Khalloufi F, Redouane EM, Haida M, Zerrifi SEA, Campos A, Kasada M, Woodhouse J, Grossart HP, Vasconcelos V, Oudra B. Bacterioplankton Associated with Toxic Cyanobacteria Promote Pisum sativum (Pea) Growth and Nutritional Value through Positive Interactions. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1511. [PMID: 35893569 PMCID: PMC9394358 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) has focused much more on rhizospheric bacteria. However, PGPB associated with toxic cyanobacterial bloom (TCB) could enter the rhizosphere through irrigation water, helping plants such as Pisum sativum L. (pea) overcome oxidative stress induced by microcystin (MC) and improve plant growth and nutritional value. This study aimed to isolate bacteria associated with toxic cyanobacteria, test PGPB properties, and inoculate them as a consortium to pea seedlings irrigated with MC to investigate their role in plant protection as well as in improving growth and nutritional value. Two bacterioplankton isolates and one rhizosphere isolate were isolated and purified on a mineral salt medium supplemented with 1000 μg/L MC and identified via their 16S rRNA gene. The mixed strains were inoculated to pea seedlings in pots irrigated with 0, 50, and 100 μg/L MC. We measured the morphological and physiological parameters of pea plants at maturity and evaluated the efficiency of the plant’s enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant responses to assess the role and contribution of PGPB. Both bacterioplankton isolates were identified as Starkeya sp., and the rhizobacterium was identified as Brevundimonas aurantiaca. MC addition significantly (p < 0.05) reduced all the growth parameters of the pea, i.e., total chlorophyll content, leaf quantum yield, stomatal conductance, carotenoids, and polyphenol contents, in an MC concentration-dependent manner, while bacterial presence positively affected all the measured parameters. In the MC treatment, the levels of the pea’s antioxidant traits, including SOD, CAT, POD, PPO, GST, and ascorbic acid, were increased in the sterile pots. In contrast, these levels were reduced with double and triple PGPB addition. Additionally, nutritional values such as sugars, proteins, and minerals (Ca and K) in pea fruits were reduced under MC exposure but increased with PGPB addition. Overall, in the presence of MC, PGPB seem to positively interact with pea plants and thus may constitute a natural alternative for soil fertilization when irrigated with cyanotoxin-contaminated water, increasing the yield and nutritional value of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Mugani
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (R.M.); (E.M.R.); (M.H.); (S.E.A.Z.); (B.O.)
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Zur alten Fischerhuette 2, 14775 Stechlin, Germany; (M.K.); (J.W.); (H.-P.G.)
| | - Fatima El Khalloufi
- Natural Resources Engineering and Environmental Impacts Team, Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, P.O. Box 145, Khouribga 25000, Morocco;
| | - El Mahdi Redouane
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (R.M.); (E.M.R.); (M.H.); (S.E.A.Z.); (B.O.)
| | - Mohammed Haida
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (R.M.); (E.M.R.); (M.H.); (S.E.A.Z.); (B.O.)
| | - Soukaina El Amrani Zerrifi
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (R.M.); (E.M.R.); (M.H.); (S.E.A.Z.); (B.O.)
| | - Alexandre Campos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Minoru Kasada
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Zur alten Fischerhuette 2, 14775 Stechlin, Germany; (M.K.); (J.W.); (H.-P.G.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jason Woodhouse
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Zur alten Fischerhuette 2, 14775 Stechlin, Germany; (M.K.); (J.W.); (H.-P.G.)
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Zur alten Fischerhuette 2, 14775 Stechlin, Germany; (M.K.); (J.W.); (H.-P.G.)
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeeralle 2, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Brahim Oudra
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (R.M.); (E.M.R.); (M.H.); (S.E.A.Z.); (B.O.)
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